201
|
Zhang L, Huo X, Liao Y, Yang F, Gao L, Cao L. Zeylenone, a naturally occurring cyclohexene oxide, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1669. [PMID: 28490807 PMCID: PMC5431878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong rationale to therapeutically target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways in cervical carcinoma since they are highly deregulated in this disease. Previous study by our group have demonstrated that Zeylenone (Zey) exhibited strong suppressive activity on PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling, providing a foundation to investigate its antitumor activity in cervical carcinoma. Herein, the present study aimed to investigate suppressive effect of Zey on HeLa and CaSki cells, and further explore the underlying mechanisms. Cells were treated with Zey for indicated time, followed by measuring its effects on cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and signal pathways. In vivo antitumor activity of Zey was then assessed with nude xenografts. We found that Zey substantially suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and increased cell apoptosis, accompanied by increased production of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, activated caspase apoptotic cascade, and attenuated PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. Additionally, in vivo experiments showed that Zey exerted good antitumor efficacy against HeLa bearing mice models via decreasing levels of p-PI3K and p-ERK. Collectively, these data clearly demonstrated the antitumor activity of Zey in cervical carcinoma cells, which is most likely via the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Huo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonghong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Fabi F, Grenier K, Parent S, Adam P, Tardif L, Leblanc V, Asselin E. Regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway during decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177387. [PMID: 28475617 PMCID: PMC5419658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is constantly increasing in Canada, where 16% of Canadian couples are experiencing difficulty conceiving. It is thought that infertility can emanate from the dysregulated communication between the embryo and the maternal endometrium. In order to allow for this window of implantation to be open at the right moment, endometrial stromal cells proliferate and differentiate by a mechanism called decidualization. Intracellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation during decidualization of the endometrium are yet to be fully understood. It has been well demonstrated previously that Akt is importantly involved in cell survival and glycogen synthesis. Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3 isoforms have distinct physiological roles; this could also be the case during decidualization and pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway during the decidualization process of endometrial stromal cells. Expression of Akt isoforms, Akt activity (phospho-Akt), pIκB and substrates of Akt during decidualization were measured. To our knowledge, these results are the first to suggest a decrease in levels of Akt isoforms as well as a downregulation of Akt activity in the process of decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. We also uncovered that decidualization induced nuclear localization of p65 through the phosphorylation of IκB, its inhibitory subunit; however, Par-4, a recently uncovered regulator of cell differentiation, was displaced from the nucleus upon decidualization. Our results also suggest that HIESC cells exhibit decreased motility during decidualization and that PI3K pathway inhibition could be involved in this process. Finally, we demonstrate that specific Akt isoforms present unique effects on the successful induction of decidualization. Further analyses will involve investigations to understand the precise signaling mechanisms by which this pathway is regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Fabi
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Kathy Grenier
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Parent
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascal Adam
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurence Tardif
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Leblanc
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Asselin
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Uhlitz F, Sieber A, Wyler E, Fritsche-Guenther R, Meisig J, Landthaler M, Klinger B, Blüthgen N. An immediate-late gene expression module decodes ERK signal duration. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:928. [PMID: 28468958 PMCID: PMC5448165 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20177554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAF‐MEK‐ERK signalling pathway controls fundamental, often opposing cellular processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. Signal duration has been identified to play a decisive role in these cell fate decisions. However, it remains unclear how the different early and late responding gene expression modules can discriminate short and long signals. We obtained both protein phosphorylation and gene expression time course data from HEK293 cells carrying an inducible construct of the proto‐oncogene RAF. By mathematical modelling, we identified a new gene expression module of immediate–late genes (ILGs) distinct in gene expression dynamics and function. We find that mRNA longevity enables these ILGs to respond late and thus translate ERK signal duration into response amplitude. Despite their late response, their GC‐rich promoter structure suggested and metabolic labelling with 4SU confirmed that transcription of ILGs is induced immediately. A comparative analysis shows that the principle of duration decoding is conserved in PC12 cells and MCF7 cells, two paradigm cell systems for ERK signal duration. Altogether, our findings suggest that ILGs function as a gene expression module to decode ERK signal duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Uhlitz
- IRI Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Sieber
- IRI Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Meisig
- IRI Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Klinger
- IRI Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- IRI Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany .,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Andrew AL, Perry BW, Card DC, Schield DR, Ruggiero RP, McGaugh SE, Choudhary A, Secor SM, Castoe TA. Growth and stress response mechanisms underlying post-feeding regenerative organ growth in the Burmese python. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:338. [PMID: 28464824 PMCID: PMC5412052 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies examining post-feeding organ regeneration in the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) have identified thousands of genes that are significantly differentially regulated during this process. However, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of coherent mechanisms and specific growth pathways that underlie these rapid and extensive shifts in organ form and function. Here we addressed these gaps by comparing gene expression in the Burmese python heart, liver, kidney, and small intestine across pre- and post-feeding time points (fasted, one day post-feeding, and four days post-feeding), and by conducting detailed analyses of molecular pathways and predictions of upstream regulatory molecules across these organ systems. Results Identified enriched canonical pathways and upstream regulators indicate that while downstream transcriptional responses are fairly tissue specific, a suite of core pathways and upstream regulator molecules are shared among responsive tissues. Pathways such as mTOR signaling, PPAR/LXR/RXR signaling, and NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response are significantly differentially regulated in multiple tissues, indicative of cell growth and proliferation along with coordinated cell-protective stress responses. Upstream regulatory molecule analyses identify multiple growth factors, kinase receptors, and transmembrane receptors, both within individual organs and across separate tissues. Downstream transcription factors MYC and SREBF are induced in all tissues. Conclusions These results suggest that largely divergent patterns of post-feeding gene regulation across tissues are mediated by a core set of higher-level signaling molecules. Consistent enrichment of the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response indicates this pathway may be particularly important in mediating cellular stress during such extreme regenerative growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3743-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audra L Andrew
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington, 501 S. Nedderman Dr, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Blair W Perry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington, 501 S. Nedderman Dr, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Daren C Card
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington, 501 S. Nedderman Dr, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Drew R Schield
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington, 501 S. Nedderman Dr, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Robert P Ruggiero
- Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Harvard Medical School, Renal Division, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Stephen M Secor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, Box 870344, USA
| | - Todd A Castoe
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington, 501 S. Nedderman Dr, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Dewangan J, Srivastava S, Rath SK. Salinomycin: A new paradigm in cancer therapy. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695035. [PMID: 28349817 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary hurdle in the treatment of cancer is acquisition of resistance by the tumor cells toward multiple drugs and selectively targeting the cancer stem cells. This problem was overcome by the chemotherapeutic property of recently discovered drug salinomycin. Exact mechanism of action of salinomycin is not yet known, but there are multiple pathways by which salinomycin inhibits tumor growth. Salinomycin decreases the expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter in multidrug resistance cells and interferes with Akt signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways of cancer progression. Salinomycin selectively targets cancer stem cells. The potential of salinomycin to eliminate both cancer stem cells and therapy-resistant cancer cells may characterize the compound as a novel and an efficient chemotherapeutic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Dewangan
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Nagappan A, Lee WS, Yun JW, Lu JN, Chang SH, Jeong JH, Kim GS, Jung JM, Hong SC. Tetraarsenic hexoxide induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via PI3K/Akt suppression and p38 MAPK activation in SW620 human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174591. [PMID: 28355296 PMCID: PMC5371332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraarsenic hexoxide (As4O6) has been used in Korean folk medicines for the treatment of cancer, however its anti-cancer mechanisms remain obscured. Here, this study investigated the anti-cancer effect of As4O6 on SW620 human colon cancer cells. As4O6 has showed a dose-dependent inhibition of SW620 cells proliferation. As4O6 significantly increased the sub-G1 and G2/M phase population, and Annexin V-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. G2/M arrest was concomitant with augment of p21 and reduction in cyclin B1, cell division cycle 2 (cdc 2) expressions. Nuclear condensation, cleaved nuclei and poly (adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation were also observed in As4O6-treated SW620 cells. As4O6 induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) but not reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further, As4O6 increased death receptor 5 (DR5), not DR4 and suppressed the B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl-2) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) family proteins. As4O6 increased the formation of AVOs (lysosomes and autophagolysosomes) and promoted the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Interestingly, a specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor (LY294002) augmented the As4O6 induced cell death; whereas p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580) abrogated the cell death. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence that As4O6 induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagic cell death through PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways alteration in SW620 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Jeong Won Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Jing Nan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Chang
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jeong
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
EGFR signaling pathways are wired differently in normal 184A1L5 human mammary epithelial and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:341-356. [PMID: 28357710 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of differences in the downstream signaling patterns of its pathways, the role of the human epidermal growth factor family of receptors (HER) in promoting cell growth and survival is cell line and context dependent. Using two model cell lines, we have studied how the regulatory interaction network among the key proteins of HER signaling pathways may be rewired upon normal to cancerous transformation. We in particular investigated how the transcription factor STAT3 and several key kinases' involvement in cancer-related signaling processes differ between normal 184A1L5 human mammary epithelial (HME) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer epithelial cells. Comparison of the responses in these cells showed that normal-to-cancerous cellular transformation causes a major re-wiring of the growth factor initiated signaling. In particular, we found that: i) regulatory interactions between Erk, p38, JNK and STAT3 are triangulated and tightly coupled in 184A1L5 HME cells, and ii) STAT3 is only weakly associated with the Erk-p38-JNK pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. Utilizing the concept of pathway substitution, we predicted how the observed differences in the regulatory interactions may affect the proliferation/survival and motility responses of the 184A1L5 and MDA-MB-231 cells when exposed to various inhibitors. We then validated our predictions experimentally to complete the experiment-computation-experiment iteration loop. Validated differences in the regulatory interactions of the 184A1L5 and MDA-MB-231 cells indicated that instead of inhibiting STAT3, which has severe toxic side effects, simultaneous inhibition of JNK together with Erk or p38 could be a more effective strategy to impose cell death selectively to MDA-MB-231 cancer cells while considerably lowering the side effects to normal epithelial cells. Presented analysis establishes a framework with examples that would enable cell signaling researchers to identify the signaling network structures which can be used to predict the phenotypic responses in particular cell lines of interest.
Collapse
|
208
|
Cho HR, Son Y, Kim SM, Kim BY, Eo SK, Park YC, Kim K. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol induces monocyte/macrophage cell expression of interleukin-8 via C5a receptor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173749. [PMID: 28323848 PMCID: PMC5360241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated effects of 7-oxygenated cholesterol derivatives present in atherosclerotic lesions, 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7αOHChol), 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7βOHChol), and 7-ketocholesterol (7K), on IL-8 expression. Transcript levels of IL-8 and secretion of its corresponding gene product by monocytes/macrophages were enhanced by treatment with 7αOHChol and, to a lesser extent, 7K, but not by 7βOHChol. The 7-oxygenated cholesterol derivatives, however, did not change transcription of the IL-8 gene in vascular smooth muscle cells. 7αOHChol-induced IL-8 gene transcription was inhibited by cycloheximide and Akt1 downregulation, but not by OxPAPC. Expression of C5a receptor was upregulated after stimulation with 7αOHChol, but not with 7K and 7βOHChol, and a specific antagonist of C5a receptor inhibited 7αOHChol-induced IL-8 gene expression in a dose dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K and MEK almost completely inhibited expression of both IL-8 and cell-surface C5a receptor induced by 7αOHChol. These results indicate that 7-oxygenated cholesterol derivatives have differential effects on monocyte/macrophage expression of IL-8 and C5a receptor and that C5a receptor is involved in 7αOHChol-induced IL-8 expression via PI3K and MEK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyok-rae Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kosin University, College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghae Son
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Moon JH, Lim S, Jo K, Lee S, Seo S, Kim S. PINTnet: construction of condition-specific pathway interaction network by computing shortest paths on weighted PPI. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:15. [PMID: 28361687 PMCID: PMC5374644 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Identifying perturbed pathways in a given condition is crucial in understanding biological phenomena. In addition to identifying perturbed pathways individually, pathway analysis should consider interactions among pathways. Currently available pathway interaction prediction methods are based on the existence of overlapping genes between pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) or functional similarities. However, these approaches just consider the pathways as a set of genes, thus they do not take account of topological features. In addition, most of the existing approaches do not handle the explicit gene expression quantity information that is routinely measured by RNA-sequecing. Results To overcome these technical issues, we developed a new pathway interaction network construction method using PPI, closeness centrality and shortest paths. We tested our approach on three different high-throughput RNA-seq data sets: pregnant mice data to reveal the role of serotonin on beta cell mass, bone-metastatic breast cancer data and autoimmune thyroiditis data to study the role of IFN- α. Our approach successfully identified the pathways reported in the original papers. For the pathways that are not directly mentioned in the original papers, we were able to find evidences of pathway interactions by the literature search. Our method outperformed two existing approaches, overlapping gene-based approach (OGB) and protein-protein interaction-based approach (PB), in experiments with the three data sets. Conclusion Our results show that PINTnet successfully identified condition-specific perturbed pathways and the interactions between the pathways. We believe that our method will be very useful in characterizing biological mechanisms at the pathway level. PINTnet is available at http://biohealth.snu.ac.kr/software/PINTnet/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Jo
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangseon Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjun Seo
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Zhang J, Su H, Li Q, Li J, Zhao Q. Genistein decreases A549 cell viability via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α/VEGF and NF‑κB/COX‑2 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2296-2302. [PMID: 28259980 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an important chemopreventive agent against atherosclerosis and cancer. However, whether genistein is effective in the treatment of lung cancer, and its underlying mechanism, remains to be determined. The present study demonstrated that genistein treatment of A549 lung cancer cells decreased viability in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, and induced apoptosis. Additionally, A549 cells exhibited significantly increased reactive oxygen species formation and cytochrome‑c leakage, and activated caspase‑3, B‑cell lymphoma 2‑associated X protein and apoptosis inducing factor expression levels, which are involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, the phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑biphosphate 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB)/cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) signaling pathways were significantly downregulated by genistein treatment. In conclusion, reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells was associated with inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α/ and NF‑κB/COX‑2 signaling pathways, which implicates genistein as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Hongzheng Su
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zaoyang First People's Hospital, Zaoyang, Hubei 441200, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Qianfeng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Papademetrio DL, Lompardía SL, Simunovich T, Costantino S, Mihalez CY, Cavaliere V, Álvarez É. Inhibition of Survival Pathways MAPK and NF-kB Triggers Apoptosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells via Suppression of Autophagy. Target Oncol 2017; 11:183-95. [PMID: 26373299 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a survival rate of 4-6 months from diagnosis. PDAC is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world, with a mortality rate of 10 cases per 100,000 population. Chemotherapy constitutes only a palliative strategy, with limited effects on life expectancy. AIMS To investigate the biological response of PDAC to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-kappaB (NF-kB) inhibitors and the role of autophagy in the modulation of these signaling pathways in order to address the challenge of developing improved medical protocols for patients with PDAC. METHODS Two ATCC cell lines, MIAPaCa-2 and PANC-1, were used as PDAC models. Cells were exposed to inhibitors of MAPK or NF-kB survival pathways alone or after autophagy inhibition. Several aspects were analyzed, as follows: cell proliferation, by [(3)H]TdR incorporation; cell death, by TUNEL assay, regulation of autophagy by LC3-II expression level and modulation of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins by Western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated that the inhibition of the MAPK and NF-kB survival pathways with U0126 and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), respectively, produced strong inhibition of pancreatic tumor cell growth without inducing apoptotic death. Interestingly, U0126 and CAPE induced apoptosis after autophagy inhibition in a caspase-dependent manner in MIA PaCa-2 cells and in a caspase-independent manner in PANC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Here we present evidence that allows us to consider a combined therapy regimen comprising an autophagy inhibitor and a MAPK or NF-kB pathway inhibitor as a possible treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Laura Papademetrio
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- IDEHU, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Silvina Laura Lompardía
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IDEHU, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tania Simunovich
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Costantino
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IDEHU, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Yamila Mihalez
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IDEHU, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Cavaliere
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Élida Álvarez
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- IDEHU, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Guo W, Li Y, Sun C, Duan HQ, Liu S, Xu YQ, Feng SQ. Neurotrophin-4 induces myelin protein zero expression in cultured Schwann cells via the TrkB/PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2017; 21:84-92. [PMID: 30460055 PMCID: PMC6138314 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2017.1289980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin formation during peripheral nervous system development, as well as myelin repair after injury and in disease, requires multiple intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) is a member of the neurotrophin family, which regulates the development of neuronal networks by participating in the growth of neuronal processes, synaptic development and plasticity, neuronal survival, and differentiation. However, the intracellular signaling pathways by which NT-4 participates in myelination by Schwann cells remain elusive. In this study, we examined the effects of NT-4 on the expression of compact myelin proteins in cultured Schwann cells. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, we found that NT-4 could significantly enhance the expression of myelin protein zero (MPZ) but not the expression of myelin basic protein or peripheral myelin protein 22. Further, knockdown of truncated TrkB with small interfering RNA could eliminate the effect of NT-4 on MPZ expression. Moreover, we demonstrated that the NT-4-enhanced MPZ expression depended on Akt and mTORC1 signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that NT-4 binds TrkB to enhance the expression of MPZ in Schwann cells, probably through the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway, thus contributing to myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Quan Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Qiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Han P, Li H, Jiang X, Zhai B, Tan G, Zhao D, Qiao H, Liu B, Jiang H, Sun X. Dual inhibition of Akt and c-Met as a second-line therapy following acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:320-334. [PMID: 28164434 PMCID: PMC5527443 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib displays a limited efficacy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some patients with HCC initially respond to sorafenib, but eventually succumb to the disease, indicating that the acquired resistance to sorafenib reduces its beneficial effects. No alternative drugs are available after the failure of sorafenib therapy. Therefore, investigation of the mechanisms underlying the acquired resistance and development of second-line treatments for sorafenib-resistant HCC are urgently required. In this study, sorafenib-resistant HCC cells generated from sorafenib-sensitive human HCC cells were shown to overproduce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and overexpress c-Met kinase and its phosphorylated form, leading to the activation of Akt and ERK (extracellular signaling-regulated kinase) pathways. Use of specific c-Met inhibitors enhanced the effects of sorafenib by inhibiting the growth of sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Akt inhibitors, a class of second-line therapeutic drugs under investigation for treating HCC in clinical trials, enhanced the effects of sorafenib, but also activated the c-Met pathway in sorafenib-resistant cells. Dual inhibition of Akt and c-Met by their respective inhibitors, MK2206 and capmatinib, additively or synergistically suppressed sorafenib-resistant HCC cells in vitro and sorafenib-resistant HCC xenografts in mice. The anticancer activities of MK2206 mainly rely on its ability to induce cell apoptosis and autophagic death, while capmatinib treatment leads to cell cycle arrest at phase G1. These results provide strong evidence for further investigation on the clinical utility of dual inhibition of Akt and c-Met, particularly MK2206 and capmatinib, as a second-line therapy for advanced HCC that has acquired resistance to sorafenib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Hali Li
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Bo Zhai
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China.,Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Dali Zhao
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Haiquan Qiao
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Signaling by FGF Receptor 2, Not FGF Receptor 1, Regulates Myelin Thickness through Activation of ERK1/2-MAPK, Which Promotes mTORC1 Activity in an Akt-Independent Manner. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2931-2946. [PMID: 28193689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3316-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF signaling has emerged as a significant "late-stage" regulator of myelin thickness in the CNS, independent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Therefore, it is critically important to identify the specific FGF receptor type and its downstream signaling molecules in oligodendrocytes to obtain better insights into the regulatory mechanisms of myelin growth. Here, we show that FGF receptor type 2 (FGFR2) is highly enriched at the paranodal loops of myelin. Conditional ablation of this receptor-type, but not FGF receptor type 1 (FGFR1), resulted in attenuation of myelin growth, expression of major myelin genes, key transcription factor Myrf and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activity. This was rescued by upregulating ERK1/2 activity in these mice, strongly suggesting that ERK1/2 are key transducers of FGFR2 signals for myelin growth. However, given that the PI3K/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is also known to regulate myelin thickness, we examined FGFR2-deficient mice for the expression of key signaling molecules in this pathway. A significant downregulation of p-mTOR, p-Raptor, and p-S6RP was observed, which was restored to normal by elevating ERK1/2 activity in these mice. Similar downregulation of these molecules was observed in ERK1/2 knock-out mice. Interestingly, since p-Akt levels remained largely unchanged in these mice, it suggests a mechanism of mTORC1 activation by ERK1/2 in an Akt-independent manner in oligodendrocytes. Taken together, these data support a model in which FGFs, possibly from axons, activate FGFR2 in the oligodendrocyte/myelin compartment to increase ERK1/2 activation, which ultimately targets Myrf, as well as converges with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at the level of mTORC1, working together to drive the growth of the myelin sheath, thus increasing myelin thickness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is well accepted that myelin is a biologically active membrane in active communication with the axons. However, the axonal signals, the receptors on myelin, and the integration of intracellular signaling pathways emanating downstream from these receptors that drive the growth of the myelin sheath remain poorly understood in the CNS. This study brings up the intriguing possibility that FGF receptor 2, in the oligodendrocyte/myelin compartment, may be one such signal. Importantly, it provides compelling evidence linking FGFR2 with the ERK1/2-MAPK pathway, which converges with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway at the level of mTORC1 and also regulates the transcription factor Myrf, together providing a mechanistic framework for regulating both the transcriptional and translational machinery required for the proper growth of the myelin sheath.
Collapse
|
215
|
Gross SM, Rotwein P. Quantification of growth factor signaling and pathway cross talk by live-cell imaging. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C328-C340. [PMID: 28100485 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00312.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Peptide growth factors stimulate cellular responses through activation of their transmembrane receptors. Multiple intracellular signaling cascades are engaged following growth factor-receptor binding, leading to short- and long-term biological effects. Each receptor-activated signaling pathway does not act in isolation but rather interacts at different levels with other pathways to shape signaling networks that are distinctive for each growth factor. To gain insights into the specifics of growth factor-regulated interactions among different signaling cascades, we developed a HeLa cell line stably expressing fluorescent live-cell imaging reporters that are readouts for two major growth factor-stimulated pathways, Ras-Raf-Mek-ERK and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-Akt. Incubation of cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in rapid, robust, and sustained ERK signaling but shorter-term activation of Akt. In contrast, hepatocyte growth factor induced sustained Akt signaling but weak and short-lived ERK activity, and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated strong long-term Akt responses but negligible ERK signaling. To address potential interactions between signaling pathways, we employed specific small-molecule inhibitors. In cells incubated with EGF or platelet-derived growth factor-AA, Raf activation and the subsequent stimulation of ERK reduced Akt signaling, whereas Mek inhibition, which blocked ERK activation, enhanced Akt and turned transient effects into sustained responses. Our results reveal that individual growth factors initiate signaling cascades that vary markedly in strength and duration and demonstrate in living cells the dramatic effects of cross talk from Raf and Mek to PI 3-kinase and Akt. Our data further indicate how specific growth factors can encode distinct cellular behaviors by promoting complex interactions among signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Peter Rotwein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech Health University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Chamcheu JC, Adhami VM, Esnault S, Sechi M, Siddiqui IA, Satyshur KA, Syed DN, Dodwad SJM, Chaves-Rodriquez MI, Longley BJ, Wood GS, Mukhtar H. Dual Inhibition of PI3K/Akt and mTOR by the Dietary Antioxidant, Delphinidin, Ameliorates Psoriatic Features In Vitro and in an Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Disease in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:49-69. [PMID: 27393705 PMCID: PMC5206770 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The treatment of psoriasis remains elusive, underscoring the need for identifying novel disease targets and mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. We recently reported that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway that is frequently deregulated in many malignancies is also clinically relevant for psoriasis. We also provided rationale for developing delphinidin (Del), a dietary antioxidant for the management of psoriasis. This study utilized high-throughput biophysical and biochemical approaches and in vitro and in vivo models to identify molecular targets regulated by Del in psoriasis. RESULTS A kinome-level screen and Kds analyses against a panel of 102 human kinase targets showed that Del binds to three lipid (PIK3CG, PIK3C2B, and PIK3CA) and six serine/threonine (PIM1, PIM3, mTOR, S6K1, PLK2, and AURKB) kinases, five of which belong to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Surface plasmon resonance and in silico molecular modeling corroborated Del's direct interactions with three PI3Ks (α/c2β/γ), mTOR, and p70S6K. Del treatment of interleukin-22 or TPA-stimulated normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) significantly inhibited proliferation, activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR components, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. To establish the in vivo relevance of these findings, an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced Balb/c mouse psoriasis-like skin model was employed. Topical treatment of Del significantly decreased (i) hyperproliferation and epidermal thickness, (ii) skin infiltration by immune cells, (iii) psoriasis-related cytokines/chemokines, (iv) PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation, and (v) increased differentiation when compared with controls. Innovation and Conclusion: Our observation that Del inhibits key kinases involved in psoriasis pathogenesis and alleviates IMQ-induced murine psoriasis-like disease suggests a novel PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway modulator that could be developed to treat psoriasis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 49-69.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vaqar M Adhami
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephane Esnault
- 2 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mario Sechi
- 3 Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Imtiaz A Siddiqui
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kenneth A Satyshur
- 4 Small Molecule Screening Facility, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,5 Middleton VA Medical Center , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Deeba N Syed
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shah-Jahan M Dodwad
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Maria-Ines Chaves-Rodriquez
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,6 Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica , Cartago, Republica de Costa Rica
| | - B Jack Longley
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gary S Wood
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- 1 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Ilexgenin A exerts anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis effects through inhibition of STAT3 and PI3K pathways and exhibits synergistic effects with Sorafenib on hepatoma growth. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 315:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
218
|
Shin SY, Nguyen LK. Dissecting Cell-Fate Determination Through Integrated Mathematical Modeling of the ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1487:409-432. [PMID: 27924583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6424-6_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The past three decades have witnessed an enormous progress in the elucidation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and its involvement in various cellular processes. Because of its importance and complex wiring, the ERK pathway has been an intensive subject for mathematical modeling, which facilitates the unraveling of key dynamic properties and behaviors of the pathway. Recently, however, it became evident that the pathway does not act in isolation but closely interacts with many other pathways to coordinate various cellular outcomes under different pathophysiological contexts. This has led to an increasing number of integrated, large-scale models that link the ERK pathway to other functionally important pathways. In this chapter, we first discuss the essential steps in model development and notable models of the ERK pathway. We then use three examples of integrated, multipathway models to investigate how crosstalk of ERK signaling with other pathways regulates cell-fate decision-making in various physiological and disease contexts. Specifically, we focus on ERK interactions with the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling pathways. We conclude that integrated modeling in combination with wet-lab experimentation have been and will be instrumental in gaining an in-depth understanding of ERK signaling in multiple biological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Le Plénier S, Goron A, Sotiropoulos A, Archambault E, Guihenneuc C, Walrand S, Salles J, Jourdan M, Neveux N, Cynober L, Moinard C. Citrulline directly modulates muscle protein synthesis via the PI3K/MAPK/4E-BP1 pathway in a malnourished state: evidence from in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E27-E36. [PMID: 27827806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00203.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrulline (CIT) is an endogenous amino acid produced by the intestine. Recent literature has consistently shown CIT to be an activator of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Our working hypothesis was that CIT might regulate muscle homeostasis directly through the mTORC1/PI3K/MAPK pathways. Because CIT undergoes both interorgan and intraorgan trafficking and metabolism, we combined three approaches: in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. Using a model of malnourished aged rats, CIT supplementation activated the phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in muscle. Interestingly, the increase in S6K1 phosphorylation was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with plasma CIT concentration. In a model of isolated incubated skeletal muscle from malnourished rats, CIT enhanced MPS (from 30 to 80% CIT vs. Ctrl, P < 0.05), and the CIT effect was abolished in the presence of wortmannin, rapamycin, and PD-98059. In vitro, on myotubes in culture, CIT led to a 2.5-fold increase in S6K1 phosphorylation and a 1.5-fold increase in 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Both rapamycin and PD-98059 inhibited the CIT effect on S6K1, whereas only LY-294002 inhibited the CIT effect on both S6K1 and 4E-BP1. These findings show that CIT is a signaling agent for muscle homeostasis, suggesting a new role of the intestine in muscle mass control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Servane Le Plénier
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA4466, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France;
| | - Arthur Goron
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA4466, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Athanassia Sotiropoulos
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Archambault
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA4466, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Guihenneuc
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie environnementale, EA 4064, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Unité de Nutrition humaine, UMR 1019, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and
| | - Jérome Salles
- Unité de Nutrition humaine, UMR 1019, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and
| | - Marion Jourdan
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA4466, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA4466, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Luc Cynober
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA4466, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie interhospitalier Cochin et Hôtel-Dieu, GH Hôpitaux universitaire Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Moinard
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA4466, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
SNP variants at the MAP3K1/SETD9 locus 5q11.2 associate with somatic PIK3CA variants in breast cancers. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 25:384-387. [PMID: 28029147 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed many breast cancer (BC) risk-associated genetic variants that might functionally interact with other molecular determinants of BC. We analysed the association of 21 known risk-associated single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) with recurrent somatic variants in two cohorts of 77 and 754 oestrogen receptor α-positive BCs. Four SNVs located at 5q11.2 were found to be associated with the somatic PIK3CA variant status in the pilot cohort of 77 cases with odds ratio (OR) up to 6.5 indicating strong effects, and were selected for the validation phase. Two of these SNVs, rs252913 and rs331499, located in the MAP3K1/SETD9 gene boundary, were confirmed to be associated with somatic PIK3CA variants in the large cohort with OR 2.97 (1.17-7.75) and 1.76 (1.11-2.77), respectively, notably higher than their BC risk-associated values, both around 1.1. In the presence of the SNV or of somatic PIK3CA variants, cancers express significantly elevated levels of MAP3K1 and SETD9, with synergy of SNV and PIK3CA variants in MAP3K1 gene overexpression, consistent with a preferential PIK3CA-dependent regulation of the variant alleles.
Collapse
|
221
|
Wang L, Li J, Zhao H, Hu J, Ping Y, Li F, Lan Y, Xu C, Xiao Y, Li X. Identifying the crosstalk of dysfunctional pathways mediated by lncRNAs in breast cancer subtypes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:711-20. [PMID: 26725846 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk among abnormal pathways widely occurs in human cancer and generally leads to insensitivity to cancer treatment. How long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of an abnormal pathway crosstalk in human cancer is largely unknown. Here, we proposed a strategy that integrates mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles for systematic identification of lncRNA-mediated crosstalk among risk pathways in different breast cancer subtypes. We identified 12 to 44 crosstalking pathway pairs mediated by 28 to 49 lncRNAs in four breast cancer subtypes. An LncRNA-mediated crosstalking pathway network in each breast cancer subtype was then constructed. We observed a number of breast cancer subtype-specific crosstalks of risk pathways. These subtype-specific lncRNA-mediated pathway crosstalks largely determined subtype-selective functions. Notably, we observed that lncRNAs mediated the crosstalk of pathways by cooperating with known important protein-coding genes, which play core roles in the deterioration of breast cancer. And we also identified key lncRNAs contributing to the crosstalk network in each subtype. As an example, the low expression of LIFR-AS1 was associated with poor survival in LumB subtype, and its cooperated genes IL1R and TGFBR located at the most upstream of the MAPK signaling pathway shared a common cascade path (p38 MAPKs-MEF2C) that can result in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In summary, we offer an effective way to characterize complex crosstalks mediated by lncRNAs in breast cancer subtypes, which can be applied to other diseases and provide useful information for understanding the pathogenesis of human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ultrasonic medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yanyan Ping
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Feng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yujia Lan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Chaohan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Wang XM, Wang YC, Liu XJ, Wang Q, Zhang CM, Zhang LP, Liu H, Zhang XY, Mao Y, Ge ZM. BRD7 mediates hyperglycaemia-induced myocardial apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1094-1105. [PMID: 27957794 PMCID: PMC5431142 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) is a tumour suppressor that is known to regulate many pathological processes including cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis plays a key role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanism of hyperglycaemia-induced myocardial apoptosis is still unclear. We intended to determine the role of BRD7 in high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In vivo, we established a type 1 diabetic rat model by injecting a high-dose streptozotocin (STZ), and lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to inhibit BRD7 expression. Rats with DCM exhibited severe myocardial remodelling, fibrosis, left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial apoptosis. The expression of BRD7 was up-regulated in the heart of diabetic rats, and inhibition of BRD7 had beneficial effects against diabetes-induced heart damage. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyoblasts was used to investigate the mechanism of BRD7 in HG-induced apoptosis. Treating H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with HG elevated the level of BRD7 via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and increased ER stress-induced apoptosis by detecting spliced/active X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, down-regulation of BRD7 attenuated HG-induced expression of CHOP via inhibiting nuclear translocation of XBP-1s without affecting the total expression of XBP-1s. In conclusion, inhibition of BRD7 appeared to protect against hyperglycaemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting ER stress signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Cui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Ge
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Giacoppo S, Pollastro F, Grassi G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Target regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by cannabidiol in treatment of experimental multiple sclerosis. Fitoterapia 2016; 116:77-84. [PMID: 27890794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate whether treatment with purified cannabidiol (CBD) may counteract the development of experimental multiple sclerosis (MS), by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Although the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was found to be activated by cannabinoids in several immune and non-immune cells, currently, there is no data about the effects of CBD in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity in MS. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most common model of MS, was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein peptide (MOG)35-55. After EAE onset, which occurs approximately 14days after disease induction, mice were daily intraperitoneally treated with CBD (10mg/kg mouse) and observed for clinical signs of EAE. At 28days from EAE-induction, mice were euthanized and spinal cord tissues were sampled to perform immunohistochemical evaluations and western blot analysis. Our results showed a clear downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway following EAE induction. CBD treatment was able to restore it, increasing significantly the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR. Also, an increased level of BNDF in CBD-treated mice seems to be involved in the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In addition, our data demonstrated that therapeutic efficacy of CBD treatment is due to reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IFN-γ and IL-17 together with an up-regulation of PPARγ. Finally, CBD was found to promote neuronal survival by inhibiting JNK and p38 MAP kinases. These results provide an interesting discovery about the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by cannabidiol administration, that could be a new potential therapeutic target for MS management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Grassi
- Council for Research and Experimentation in Agriculture - Research Centre for Industrial Crops (CRA-CIN), Rovigo, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Halasz M, Kholodenko BN, Kolch W, Santra T. Integrating network reconstruction with mechanistic modeling to predict cancer therapies. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra114. [PMID: 27879396 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aae0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction networks are often rewired in cancer cells. Identifying these alterations will enable more effective cancer treatment. We developed a computational framework that can identify, reconstruct, and mechanistically model these rewired networks from noisy and incomplete perturbation response data and then predict potential targets for intervention. As a proof of principle, we analyzed a perturbation data set targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) pathways in a panel of colorectal cancer cells. Our computational approach predicted cell line-specific network rewiring. In particular, feedback inhibition of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) by the kinase p70S6K was predicted to confer resistance to EGFR inhibition, suggesting that disrupting this feedback may restore sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors in colorectal cancer cells. We experimentally validated this prediction with colorectal cancer cell lines in culture and in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) xenograft model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Boris N Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tapesh Santra
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Ramalingam M, Kwon YD, Kim SJ. Insulin as a Potent Stimulator of Akt, ERK and Inhibin-βE Signaling in Osteoblast-Like UMR-106 Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:589-594. [PMID: 27302964 PMCID: PMC5098537 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone of the endocrine pancreas and exerts a wide variety of physiological actions in insulin sensitive tissues, such as regulation of glucose homeostasis, cell growth, differentiation, learning and memory. However, the role of insulin in osteoblast cells remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that the insulin (100 nM) has the ability to stimulate the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the levels of inhibin-βE in the osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells. This insulin-stimulated activities were abolished by the PI3K and MEK1 inhibitors LY294002 and PD98059, respectively. This is the first report proving that insulin is a potential candidate that enables the actions of inhibin-βE subunit of the TGF-β family. The current investigation provides a foundation for the realization of insulin as a potential stimulator in survival signaling pathways in osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Varghese FS, Thaa B, Amrun SN, Simarmata D, Rausalu K, Nyman TA, Merits A, McInerney GM, Ng LFP, Ahola T. The Antiviral Alkaloid Berberine Reduces Chikungunya Virus-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. J Virol 2016; 90:9743-9757. [PMID: 27535052 PMCID: PMC5068526 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01382-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has infected millions of people in the tropical and subtropical regions since its reemergence in the last decade. We recently identified the nontoxic plant alkaloid berberine as an antiviral substance against CHIKV in a high-throughput screen. Here, we show that berberine is effective in multiple cell types against a variety of CHIKV strains, also at a high multiplicity of infection, consolidating the potential of berberine as an antiviral drug. We excluded any effect of this compound on virus entry or on the activity of the viral replicase. A human phosphokinase array revealed that CHIKV infection specifically activated the major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Upon treatment with berberine, this virus-induced MAPK activation was markedly reduced. Subsequent analyses with specific inhibitors of these kinases indicated that the ERK and JNK signaling cascades are important for the generation of progeny virions. In contrast to specific MAPK inhibitors, berberine lowered virus-induced activation of all major MAPK pathways and resulted in a stronger reduction in viral titers. Further, we assessed the in vivo efficacy of berberine in a mouse model and measured a significant reduction of CHIKV-induced inflammatory disease. In summary, we demonstrate the efficacy of berberine as a drug against CHIKV and highlight the importance of the MAPK signaling pathways in the alphavirus infectious cycle. IMPORTANCE Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes severe and persistent muscle and joint pain and has recently spread to the Americas. No licensed drug exists to counter this virus. In this study, we report that the alkaloid berberine is antiviral against different CHIKV strains and in multiple human cell lines. We demonstrate that berberine collectively reduced the virus-induced activation of cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The relevance of these signaling cascades in the viral life cycle was emphasized by specific inhibitors of these kinase pathways, which decreased the production of progeny virions. Berberine significantly reduced CHIKV-induced inflammatory disease in a mouse model, demonstrating efficacy of the drug in vivo Overall, this work makes a strong case for pursuing berberine as a potential anti-CHIKV therapeutic compound and for exploring the MAPK signaling pathways as antiviral targets against alphavirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finny S Varghese
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bastian Thaa
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Diane Simarmata
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kai Rausalu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerald M McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tero Ahola
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Liu J, Wang B, Huang P, Wang H, Xu K, Wang X, Xu L, Guo Z. Microcystin-LR promotes cell proliferation in the mice liver by activating Akt and p38/ERK/JNK cascades. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:14-21. [PMID: 27517128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a heptapeptide produced by blue-green algae, is shown to induce cytotoxicity by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. Our previous study revealed that MC-LR promoted cell proliferation in vitro by activating the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 pathway. This study aims to further investigate the effects of MC-LR on cell proliferation and the correlated mechanisms in vivo. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 20-80 μg/kg/d MC-LR from 2 h (hours) to 4 d (days). The results showed that the associations of MC-LR with PP2A/C (PP2A C subunit) were concentration-dependent but not time-dependent in the liver, whereas the total PP2A activity was inhibited in both concentration and time dependent manners. The PP2A regulator α4 was found to release its associated PP2A/C as MC-LR bound to PP2A/C. Importantly, 80 μg/kg MC-LR promoted liver cell proliferation beginning at 1 d post exposure, and hyperproliferation also occurred in the 40 μg/kg group at 4 d after exposure. Meanwhile, the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 and Akt/β-catenin signaling pathways were activated as early as at 2 h post exposure. Furthermore, MC-LR also activated ERK/p38/JNK MAPKs as early as at 2 h post exposure, which was supported by the hyperphosphorylation of their substrates, ATF-2, c-Jun and c-Myc. Interestingly, the total c-Jun and c-Myc levels also increased after MC-LR exposure. These findings indicate that MC-LR can also promote cell proliferation in vivo, and the activation of Akt and MAPK signaling pathways due to PP2A inhibition is proposed to participate in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kailun Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lihong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zonglou Guo
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Zhong J. RAS and downstream RAF-MEK and PI3K-AKT signaling in neuronal development, function and dysfunction. Biol Chem 2016; 397:215-22. [PMID: 26760308 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In postmitotic neurons, the activation of RAS family small GTPases regulates survival, growth and differentiation. Dysregulation of RAS or its major effector pathway, the cascade of RAF-, mitogen-activated and extracellular-signal regulated kinase kinases (MEK), and extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) causes the RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental disorders whose pathogenic mechanisms are the subject of intense research. I here summarize the functions of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling in neurons in vivo, and discuss perspectives for harnessing this pathway to enable novel treatments for nervous system injury, the RASopathies, and possibly other neurological conditions.
Collapse
|
229
|
Jackman CP, Carlson AL, Bursac N. Dynamic culture yields engineered myocardium with near-adult functional output. Biomaterials 2016; 111:66-79. [PMID: 27723557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues hold promise for cell therapy and drug development, but exhibit inadequate function and maturity. In this study, we sought to significantly improve the function and maturation of rat and human engineered cardiac tissues. We developed dynamic, free-floating culture conditions for engineering "cardiobundles", 3-dimensional cylindrical tissues made from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) embedded in fibrin-based hydrogel. Compared to static culture, 2-week dynamic culture of neonatal rat cardiobundles significantly increased expression of sarcomeric proteins, cardiomyocyte size (∼2.1-fold), contractile force (∼3.5-fold), and conduction velocity of action potentials (∼1.4-fold). The average contractile force per cross-sectional area (59.7 mN/mm2) and conduction velocity (52.5 cm/s) matched or approached those of adult rat myocardium, respectively. The inferior function of statically cultured cardiobundles was rescued by transfer to dynamic conditions, which was accompanied by an increase in mTORC1 activity and decline in AMPK phosphorylation and was blocked by rapamycin. Furthermore, dynamic culture effects did not stimulate ERK1/2 pathway and were insensitive to blockers of mechanosensitive channels, suggesting increased nutrient availability rather than mechanical stimulation as the upstream activator of mTORC1. Direct comparison with phenylephrine treatment confirmed that dynamic culture promoted physiological cardiomyocyte growth rather than pathological hypertrophy. Optimized dynamic culture conditions also augmented function of human cardiobundles made reproducibly from cardiomyocytes derived from multiple hPSC lines, resulting in significantly increased contraction force (∼2.5-fold) and conduction velocity (∼1.4-fold). The average specific force of 23.2 mN/mm2 and conduction velocity of 25.8 cm/s approached the functional metrics of adult human myocardium. In conclusion, we have developed a versatile methodology for engineering cardiac tissues with a near-adult functional output without the need for exogenous electrical or mechanical stimulation, and have identified mTOR signaling as an important mechanism for advancing tissue maturation and function in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Lakshmanan A, Scarberry D, Green JA, Zhang X, Selmi-Ruby S, Jhiang SM. Modulation of thyroidal radioiodide uptake by oncological pipeline inhibitors and Apigenin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31792-804. [PMID: 26397139 PMCID: PMC4741640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer is based on selective stimulation of Na+/I- Symporter (NIS)-mediated radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) in thyroid cells by thyrotropin. Patients with advanced thyroid cancer do not benefit from radioiodine therapy due to reduced or absent NIS expression. To identify inhibitors that can be readily translated into clinical care, we examined oncological pipeline inhibitors targeting Akt, MEK, PI3K, Hsp90 or BRAF in their ability to increase RAIU in thyroid cells expressing BRAFV600E or RET/PTC3 oncogene. Our data showed that (1) PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 outperformed other inhibitors in RAIU increase mainly by decreasing iodide efflux rate to a great extent; (2) RAIU increase by all inhibitors was extensively reduced by TGF-β, a cytokine secreted in the invasive fronts of thyroid cancers; (3) RAIU reduction by TGF-β was mainly mediated by NIS reduction and could be reversed by Apigenin, a plant-derived flavonoid; and (4) In the presence of TGF-β, GDC-0941 with Apigenin co-treatment had the highest RAIU level in both BRAFV600E expressing cells and RET/PTC3 expressing cells. Taken together, Apigenin may serve as a dietary supplement along with small molecule inhibitors to improve radioiodine therapeutic efficacy on invasive tumor margins thereby minimizing future metastatic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lakshmanan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Daniel Scarberry
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Jill A Green
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Samia Selmi-Ruby
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LYON (CRCL)-UMR 1052-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de LYON, F-69372, France
| | - Sissy M Jhiang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Chamcheu JC, Chaves-Rodriquez MI, Adhami VM, Siddiqui IA, Wood GS, Longley BJ, Mukhtar H. Upregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, FABP5 and PPARβ/δ in Human Psoriasis and Imiquimod-induced Murine Psoriasiform Dermatitis Model. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96:854-6. [PMID: 26833029 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 53706 Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
232
|
Srikar R, Suresh D, Zambre A, Taylor K, Chapman S, Leevy M, Upendran A, Kannan R. Targeted nanoconjugate co-delivering siRNA and tyrosine kinase inhibitor to KRAS mutant NSCLC dissociates GAB1-SHP2 post oncogene knockdown. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30245. [PMID: 27530552 PMCID: PMC4987653 DOI: 10.1038/srep30245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A tri-block nanoparticle (TBN) comprising of an enzymatically cleavable porous gelatin nanocore encapsulated with gefitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)) and surface functionalized with cetuximab-siRNA conjugate has been synthesized. Targeted delivery of siRNA to undruggable KRAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer cells would sensitize the cells to TKI drugs and offers an efficient therapy for treating cancer; however, efficient delivery of siRNA and releasing it in cytoplasm remains a major challenge. We have shown TBN can efficiently deliver siRNA to cytoplasm of KRAS mutant H23 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells for oncogene knockdown; subsequently, sensitizing it to TKI. In the absence of TKI, the nanoparticle showed minimal toxicity suggesting that the cells adapt a parallel GAB1 mediated survival pathway. In H23 cells, activated ERK results in phosphorylation of GAB1 on serine and threonine residues to form GAB1-p85 PI3K complex. In the absence of TKI, knocking down the oncogene dephosphorylated ERK, and negated the complex formation. This event led to tyrosine phosphorylation at Tyr627 domain of GAB1 that regulated EGFR signaling by recruiting SHP2. In the presence of TKI, GAB1-SHP2 dissociation occurs, leading to cell death. The outcome of this study provides a promising platform for treating NSCLC patients harboring KRAS mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Srikar
- Department of Radiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dhananjay Suresh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ajit Zambre
- Department of Radiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kristen Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Sarah Chapman
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matthew Leevy
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Anandhi Upendran
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Raghuraman Kannan
- Department of Radiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,International Center for Nano/Micro Systems and Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
MiR-21 mediates sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy via the PTEN/Akt pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28867-81. [PMID: 26311740 PMCID: PMC4745697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance remains a major obstacle for the effective treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies indicate that activated Akt contributes to the acquired resistance to sorafenib, and miR-21 dysregulates phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which inhibits Akt activation. Sorafenib-resistant HCC cells were shown to be refractory to sorafenib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Akt and its downstream factors were highly activated and/or upregulated in sorafenib-resistant cells. Inhibition of autophagy decreased the sensitivity of sorafenib-resistant cells to sorafenib, while its induction had the opposite effect. Differential screening of miRNAs showed higher levels of miR-21 in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Exposure of HCC cells to sorafenib led to an increase in miR-21 expression, a decrease in PTEN expression and sequential Akt activation. Transfection of miR-21 mimics in HCC cells restored sorafenib resistance by inhibiting autophagy. Anti-miR-21 oligonucleotides re-sensitized sorafenib-resistant cells by promoting autophagy. Inhibition of miR-21 enhances the efficacy of sorafenib in treating sorafenib-resistant HCC tumors in vivo. We conclude that miR-21 participates in the acquired resistance of sorafenib by suppresing autophagy through the Akt/PTEN pathway. MiR-21 could serve as a therapeutic target for overcoming sorafenib resistance in the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
|
234
|
González-Castillo C, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Guzmán-Brambila C, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Raisman-Vozari R, Pallás M, Rojas-Mayorquín AE. The absence of pleiotrophin modulates gene expression in the hippocampus in vivo and in cerebellar granule cells in vitro. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 75:113-21. [PMID: 27468976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted growth factor recently proposed to act as a neuromodulatory peptide in the Central Nervous System. PTN appears to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases and neural disorders, and it has also been implicated in learning and memory. Specifically, PTN-deficient mice exhibit a lower threshold for LTP induction in the hippocampus, which is attenuated in mice overexpressing PTN. However, there is little information about the signaling systems recruited by PTN to modulate neural activity. To address this issue, the gene expression profile in hippocampus of mice lacking PTN was analyzed using microarrays of 22,000 genes. In addition, we corroborated the effect of the absence of PTN on the expression of these genes by silencing this growth factor in primary neuronal cultures in vitro. The microarray analysis identified 102 genes that are differentially expressed (z-score>3.0) in PTN null mice, and the expression of eight of those modified in the hippocampus of KO mice was also modified in vitro after silencing PTN in cultured neurons with siRNAs. The data obtained indicate that the absence of PTN affects AKT pathway response and modulates the expression of genes related with neuroprotection (Mgst3 and Estrogen receptor 1, Ers 1) and cell differentiation (Caspase 6, Nestin, and Odz4), both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia González-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Guzmán-Brambila
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, División de Biotecnología y Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Université UPMC UM75 INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Mercé Pallás
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Neuroscience (INUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Argelia E Rojas-Mayorquín
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Lion M, Harlé A, Salleron J, Ramacci C, Campone M, Merlin JL. Trastuzumab as a preoperative monotherapy does not inhibit HER2 downstream signaling in HER2-positive breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2028-2032. [PMID: 27602133 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 15-20% of breast carcinomas. The overexpression of HER2 was previously associated with a poor prognosis until the development of the first anti-HER2 therapy, trastuzumab, which drastically improves the prognosis of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. However, its mechanism of action remains not fully understood. Several studies have proposed that the behavior and mechanism of action of trastuzumab may be drastically altered in vitro and in vivo. The present study assesses the ability of trastuzumab to inhibit the phosphorylation of the key-proteins of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in vitro, in breast cancer cell lines and in tumor biopsies obtained from patients treated with trastuzumab preoperative monotherapy as part of the Unicancer GEP04 RADHER phase II clinical trial. HER2-positive SKBR3 and HER2-negative MCF-7 cell lines were exposed to trastuzumab for 72 h. In total, 41 patients received trastuzumab alone for 6 weeks of preoperative treatment. Biopsies were collected at the baseline and at surgery. A total of 19 pairs of associated baseline and surgery tumor specimens were eligible for protein extraction and comparative phosphoprotein expression analysis, prior to and subsequent to treatment. The expression of phosphoproteins was quantitatively assessed using a multiplex immunoassay. In the SKBR3 cell line, a statistically significant decrease of the expression level of phosphorylated (p-)AKT, p-ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1, p-extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 and p-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 was observed after exposure to trastuzumab. In contrast, no statistically significant variations for levels expression of these phosphoproteins were observed in patients following treatment. The lack of downregulation of PI3K and MAPK pathways could probably be explained by the implementation of a predominant immunological mechanism of action for trastuzumab, a type of antibody-dependent cell-mediated toxicity, which has previously been reported in preoperative monotherapy settings. The present study confirms that trastuzumab involves various modes of action when assayed in vitro and used clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Lion
- Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54000, France; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7039 CRAN, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54500, France; Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54519, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54000, France; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7039 CRAN, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54500, France; Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54519, France
| | - Julia Salleron
- Biostatistics Unit, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54519, France
| | - Carole Ramacci
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54519, France
| | - Mario Campone
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes 44007, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St Herblain, Nantes 44800, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54000, France; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7039 CRAN, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54500, France; Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54519, France
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Lai WT, Cheng KL, Baruchello R, Rondanin R, Marchetti P, Simoni D, Lee RM, Guh JH, Hsu LC. Hemiasterlin derivative (R)(S)(S)-BF65 and Akt inhibitor MK-2206 synergistically inhibit SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell growth. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 113:12-23. [PMID: 27328368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that a hemiasterlin derivative BF65 is a potent anticancer agent that can inhibit microtubule assembly. Here we show that a more potent stereospecific diastereomer (R)(S)(S)-BF65 can synergize with an allosteric Akt inhibitor MK-2206 to suppress the growth of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells with constitutively active Akt. (R)(S)(S)-BF65 induced mitotic arrest and MK-2206 caused G0/G1 arrest, while the combination of both induced simultaneous G0/G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest. (R)(S)(S)-BF65 induced phosphorylation and inactivation of Bcl-2, and downregulated Mcl-1, consequently may lead to apoptosis. (R)(S)(S)-BF65 inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which may stimulate cell proliferation upon activation. (R)(S)(S)-BF65 also induced DNA damage after long-term treatment. MK-2206 is known to inhibit phosphorylation and activation of Akt and suppress cancer cell growth. The combination of (R)(S)(S)-BF65 and MK-2206 also inhibited the Akt pathway. Interestingly, MK-2206 upregulated Bcl-2 and induced activation of MAPKs in SKOV3 cells; however, when combined with (R)(S)(S)-BF65, these prosurvival effects were reversed. The combination also more significantly decreased Mcl-1 protein, increased PARP cleavage, and induced γ-H2AX, a DNA damage marker. Remarkably, MK-2206 enhanced the microtubule depolymerization effect of (R)(S)(S)-BF65. The combination of (R)(S)(S)-BF65 and MK-2206 also markedly inhibited cell migration. Thus, MK-2206 synergizes with (R)(S)(S)-BF65 to inhibit SKOV3 cell growth via downregulating the Akt signaling pathway, and enhancing the microtubule disruption effect of (R)(S)(S)-BF65. (R)(S)(S)-BF65 in turn suppresses Bcl-2 and MAPKs induced by MK-2206. (R)(S)(S)-BF65 and MK-2206 compensate each other leading to increased apoptosis and enhanced cytotoxicity, and may also suppress cancer cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Lai
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10050, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Lin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10050, Taiwan.
| | - Riccardo Baruchello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Rondanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Daniele Simoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10050, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10050, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Alonso N, Diaz Nebreda A, Monczor F, Gutkind JS, Davio C, Fernandez N, Shayo C. PI3K pathway is involved in ERK signaling cascade activation by histamine H2R agonist in HEK293T cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1998-2007. [PMID: 27316323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine, through histamine H2 receptor (H2R), modulates different biological processes, involving the modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. Many evidences have demonstrated the existence and importance of the crossregulation between these two signaling pathways. The aim of the present work was to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to PI3K and ERK pathways modulation induced by the H2R agonist amthamine and to evaluate the possible interplay between them. METHODS Phosphorylation levels of ERK and Akt were examined by Western blot in HEK293T cells expressing the human H2R, in the presence of H2R agonist and dominant negative mutants or pharmacological inhibitors of different proteins/pathways. Transcriptional activity assays were assessed to determine SRE activity. Amthamine-mediated cellular proliferation was investigated in MA-10A cells in the presence of PI3K inhibitor. RESULTS H2R agonist inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR and stimulates Ras/MEK/ERK pathways. Moreover, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling inhibition is necessary to achieve H2R mediated ERK activation. In the presence of a constitutive active mutant of Akt, amthamine is not able to mediate ERK activation. This crosstalk affects classical ERK downstream targets such as Elk1 phosphorylation and the transcriptional activity of the SRE, classically associated to proliferation. We further demonstrate that amthamine-induced proliferation in Leydig MA-10 tumor cells, is enhanced by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These results describe a crosstalk between PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/MEK/ERK pathways induced by H2R stimulation with implications in cell proliferation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work indicates that the modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by H2R in turn regulates Ras/MEK/ERK activation conditioning the proliferative capacity of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alonso
- IBYME, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonela Diaz Nebreda
- IBYME, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Monczor
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ININFA, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junin 956, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Davio
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ININFA, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junin 956, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ININFA, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junin 956, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Shayo
- IBYME, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Eveland M, Brokamp GA, Lue CH, Harbison ST, Leips J, De Luca M. Knockdown expression of Syndecan in the fat body impacts nutrient metabolism and the organismal response to environmental stresses in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:103-108. [PMID: 27289019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecans are transmembrane proteins involved in multiple physiological processes, including cell-matrix adhesion and inflammation. Recent evidence from model systems and humans suggest that syndecans have a role in energy balance and nutrient metabolism regulation. However, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms through which syndecans influence these phenotypes. Previously, we reported that Drosophila melanogaster Syndecan (Sdc) mutants had reduced metabolic activity compared to controls. Here, we knocked down endogenous Sdc expression in the fat body (the functional equivalent of mammalian adipose tissue and liver) to investigate whether the effects on metabolism originate from this tissue. We found that knocking down Sdc in the fat body leads to flies with higher levels of glycogen and fat and that survive longer during starvation, likely due to their extra energy reserves and an increase in gluconeogenesis. However, compared to control flies, they are also more sensitive to environmental stresses (e.g. bacterial infection and cold) and have reduced metabolic activity under normal feeding conditions. Under the same conditions, fat-body Sdc reduction enhances expression of genes involved in glyceroneogenesis and gluconeogenesis and induces a drastic decrease in phosphorylation levels of AKT and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that Drosophila fat body Sdc is involved in a mechanism that shifts resources to different physiological functions according to nutritional status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Eveland
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Brokamp
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chia-Hua Lue
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeff Leips
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Abstract
Metastasis is the underlying cause of death for the majority of breast cancer patients. Despite significant advances in recent years in basic research and clinical development, therapies that specifically target metastatic breast cancer remain inadequate, and represents the single greatest obstacle to reducing mortality of late-stage breast cancer. Recent efforts have leveraged genomic analysis of breast cancer and molecular dissection of tumor-stromal cross-talk to uncover a number of promising candidates for targeted treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Rational combinations of therapeutic agents targeting tumor-intrinsic properties and microenvironmental components provide a promising strategy to develop precision treatments with higher specificity and less toxicity. In this review, we discuss the emerging therapeutic targets in breast cancer metastasis, from tumor-intrinsic pathways to those that involve the host tissue components, including the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
MEK and PI3K-AKT inhibitors synergistically block activated IL7 receptor signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:1832-43. [PMID: 27174491 PMCID: PMC5240021 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We identified mutations in the IL7Ra gene or in genes encoding the downstream signaling molecules JAK1, JAK3, STAT5B, N-RAS, K-RAS, NF1, AKT and PTEN in 49% of patients with pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Strikingly, these mutations (except RAS/NF1) were mutually exclusive, suggesting that they each cause the aberrant activation of a common downstream target. Expressing these mutant signaling molecules—but not their wild-type counterparts—rendered Ba/F3 cells independent of IL3 by activating the RAS-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways. Interestingly, cells expressing either IL7Ra or JAK mutants are sensitive to JAK inhibitors, but respond less robustly to inhibitors of the downstream RAS-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways, indicating that inhibiting only one downstream pathway is not sufficient. Here, we show that inhibiting both the MEK and PI3K-AKT pathways synergistically prevents the proliferation of BaF3 cells expressing mutant IL7Ra, JAK and RAS. Furthermore, combined inhibition of MEK and PI3K/AKT was cytotoxic to samples obtained from 6 out of 11 primary T-ALL patients, including 1 patient who had no mutations in the IL7R signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that the potent cytotoxic effects of inhibiting both MEK and PI3K/AKT should be investigated further as a therapeutic option using leukemia xenograft models.
Collapse
|
241
|
Pennisi M, Russo G, Di Salvatore V, Candido S, Libra M, Pappalardo F. Computational modeling in melanoma for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:609-21. [PMID: 27046143 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1174688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the applications of computational modeling in the field of biomedicine. It has recently been applied to the in silico analysis of cancer dynamics. In the era of precision medicine, this analysis may allow the discovery of new molecular targets useful for the design of novel therapies and for overcoming resistance to anticancer drugs. According to its molecular behavior, melanoma represents an interesting tumor model in which computational modeling can be applied. Melanoma is an aggressive tumor of the skin with a poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease as it is resistant to current therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the basics of computational modeling in melanoma drug discovery and development. Discussion includes the in silico discovery of novel molecular drug targets, the optimization of immunotherapies and personalized medicine trials. EXPERT OPINION Mathematical and computational models are gradually being used to help understand biomedical data produced by high-throughput analysis. The use of advanced computer models allowing the simulation of complex biological processes provides hypotheses and supports experimental design. The research in fighting aggressive cancers, such as melanoma, is making great strides. Computational models represent the key component to complement these efforts. Due to the combinatorial complexity of new drug discovery, a systematic approach based only on experimentation is not possible. Computational and mathematical models are necessary for bringing cancer drug discovery into the era of omics, big data and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzio Pennisi
- a Department of Mathematics and Computer Science , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Valentina Di Salvatore
- c Researcher at National Research Council , Institute of Neurological Sciences , Catania , Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
242
|
Atorvastatin Prevents Glutamate Uptake Reduction Induced by Quinolinic Acid Via MAPKs Signaling. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2017-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
243
|
Pappalardo F, Russo G, Candido S, Pennisi M, Cavalieri S, Motta S, McCubrey JA, Nicoletti F, Libra M. Computational Modeling of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Melanoma Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152104. [PMID: 27015094 PMCID: PMC4807832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is an aggressive tumor of the skin and seems to be resistant to current therapeutic approaches. Melanocytic transformation is thought to occur by sequential accumulation of genetic and molecular alterations able to activate the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and/or the PI3K/AKT (AKT) signalling pathways. Specifically, mutations of B-RAF activate MAPK pathway resulting in cell cycle progression and apoptosis prevention. According to these findings, MAPK and AKT pathways may represent promising therapeutic targets for an otherwise devastating disease. RESULT Here we show a computational model able to simulate the main biochemical and metabolic interactions in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways potentially involved in melanoma development. Overall, this computational approach may accelerate the drug discovery process and encourages the identification of novel pathway activators with consequent development of novel antioncogenic compounds to overcome tumor cell resistance to conventional therapeutic agents. The source code of the various versions of the model are available as S1 Archive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Marzio Pennisi
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Santo Motta
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Tiash S, Chua MJ, Chowdhury EH. Knockdown of ROS1 gene sensitizes breast tumor growth to doxorubicin in a syngeneic mouse model. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2359-66. [PMID: 27035628 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of breast cancer, the second leading cause of female deaths worldwide, with classical drugs is often accompanied by treatment failure and relapse of disease condition. Development of chemoresistance and drug toxicity compels compromising the drug concentration below the threshold level with the consequence of therapeutic inefficacy. Moreover, amplification and over-activation of proto-oncogenes in tumor cells make the treatment more challenging. The oncogene, ROS1 which is highly expressed in diverse types of cancers including breast carcinoma, functions as a survival protein aiding cancer progression. Thus we speculated that selective silencing of ROS1 gene by carrier-mediated delivery of siRNA might sensitize the cancer cells to the classical drugs at a relatively low concentration. In this investigation we showed that intracellular delivery of c-ROS1-targeting siRNA using pH-sensitive inorganic nanoparticles of carbonate apatite sensitizes mouse breast cancer cells (4T1) to doxorubicin, but not to cisplatin or paclitaxel, with the highest enhancement in chemosensitivity obtained at 40 nM of the drug concentration. Although intravenous administrations of ROS1-loaded nanoparticles reduced growth of the tumor, a further substantial effect on growth retardation was noted when the mice were treated with the siRNA- and Dox-bound particles, thus suggesting that silencing of ROS1 gene could sensitize the mouse breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo to doxorubicin as a result of synergistic effect of the gene knockdown and the drug action, eventually preventing activation of the survival pathway protein, AKT1. Our findings therefore provide valuable insight into the potential cross-talk between the pathways of ROS1 and doxorubicin for future development of effective therapeutics for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Tiash
- Advanced Engineering Platform (AEP) and Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Sunway campus), Petaling Jaya, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| | - Ming Jang Chua
- Advanced Engineering Platform (AEP) and Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Sunway campus), Petaling Jaya, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Advanced Engineering Platform (AEP) and Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Sunway campus), Petaling Jaya, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Hochmann J, Sobrinho JS, Villa LL, Sichero L. The Asian-American variant of human papillomavirus type 16 exhibits higher activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, transformation, migration and invasion of primary human keratinocytes. Virology 2016; 492:145-54. [PMID: 26945151 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asian-American (AA) HPV-16 variants are associated with higher risk of cancer. Abnormal activation of intracellular signaling play a critical role in cancer development and progression. Our aim was to elucidate mechanisms underlying the higher oncogenic potential attributed to AA variant. We evaluated activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) transduced with E6/E7 of three HPV-16 variants: E-P, AA, E-350G. Phenotypes examined included migration, anchorage independent growth and invasion. AA PHKs presented the highest levels of active proteins involved in all cascades analyzed: MAPK-ERK, MAPK-p38 and PI3K-AKT. AA PHKs were more efficient in promoting anchorage independent growth, and in stimulating cell migration and invasion. MEK1 inhibition decreased migration. The mesenchymal phenotype marker vimentin was increased in AA PHKs. Our results suggest that MEK1, ERK2, AKT2 hyperactivation influence cellular behavior by means of GSK-3b inactivation and EMT induction prompting AA immortalized PHKs to more efficiently surpass carcinogenesis steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Hochmann
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João S Sobrinho
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Laura Sichero
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Van Dort ME, Hong H, Wang H, Nino CA, Lombardi RL, Blanks AE, Galbán S, Ross BD. Discovery of Bifunctional Oncogenic Target Inhibitors against Allosteric Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MEK1) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). J Med Chem 2016; 59:2512-22. [PMID: 26943489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of single entity, bifunctional MEK1/PI3K inhibitors achieved by covalent linking of structural analogs of the ATP-competitive PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 and the ATP-noncompetitive MEK inhibitor PD0325901 is described. Inhibitors displayed potent in vitro inhibition of MEK1 (0.015 < IC50 (nM) < 56.7) and PI3K (54 < IC50 (nM) < 341) in enzymatic inhibition assays. Concurrent MEK1 and PI3K inhibition was demonstrated with inhibitors 9 and 14 in two tumor cell lines (A549, D54). Inhibitors produced dose-dependent decreased cell viability similar to the combined administration of equivalent doses of ZSTK474 and PD0325901. In vivo efficacy of 14 following oral administration was demonstrated in D54 glioma and A549 lung tumor bearing mice. Compound 14 showed a 95% and 67% inhibition of tumor ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, respectively, at 2 h postadministration by Western blot analysis, confirming the bioavailability and efficacy of this bifunctional inhibitor strategy toward combined MEK1/PI3K inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcian E Van Dort
- Center for Molecular Imaging, ‡Department of Radiology, and §Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Center for Molecular Imaging, ‡Department of Radiology, and §Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging, ‡Department of Radiology, and §Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Charles A Nino
- Center for Molecular Imaging, ‡Department of Radiology, and §Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel L Lombardi
- Center for Molecular Imaging, ‡Department of Radiology, and §Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Avery E Blanks
- Center for Molecular Imaging, ‡Department of Radiology, and §Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stefanie Galbán
- Center for Molecular Imaging, ‡Department of Radiology, and §Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brian D Ross
- Center for Molecular Imaging, ‡Department of Radiology, and §Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Intracellular signaling pathway regulation of myelination and remyelination in the CNS. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:501-11. [PMID: 26957369 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The restoration of myelin sheaths on demyelinated axons remains a major obstacle in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently approved therapies work by modulating the immune system to reduce the number and rate of lesion formation but are only partially effective since they are not able to restore lost myelin. In the healthy CNS, myelin continues to be generated throughout life and spontaneous remyelination occurs readily in response to insults. In patients with MS, however, remyelination eventually fails, at least in part as a result of a failure of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and the subsequent production of new myelin. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that drive the process of myelin sheath formation is therefore important in order to speed the development of novel therapeutics designed to target remyelination. Here we review data supporting critical roles for three highly conserved intracellular signaling pathways: Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and ERK/MAPK in the regulation of OPC differentiation and myelination both during development and in remyelination. Potential points of crosstalk between the three pathways and important areas for future research are also discussed.
Collapse
|
248
|
Impedance-based analysis of mu opioid receptor signaling and underlying mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:32-38. [PMID: 30338303 PMCID: PMC6189789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor able to signal through the Gαi/o class of G-protein and β-arrestin pathways, stimulating down-stream effector pathways. Signaling bias occurs when different receptor agonists lead to different signaling outcomes. Traditionally these have been studied using end-point assays. Real-time cellular analysis platforms allow for the analysis of the holistic effects of receptor activation as an integrated output. While this allows for different ligands to be compared rapidly, the cellular mechanisms underlying the signal are not well described. Using an impedance based system, the impedance responses for two opioid ligands, morphine and DAMGO were examined. The impedance responses for these two agonists, while showing similar features, were distinct from each other. Some of the mechanisms underlying the mu opioid receptor coupled impedance changes were investigated. It was found that the response is a result of discrete cellular processes, including G-protein signaling and protein kinase phosphorylation. An impedance assay was used to capture label-free real-time data for two opioids. DAMGO and morphine treatments produced different responses. Cellular mechanisms underlying impedance response were investigated. G-protein signaling and protein phosphorylation were implicated in the response. The contribution of two kinases, AKT1/2/3 and ERK1/2, was demonstrated.
Collapse
|
249
|
Rijal G, Li W. 3D scaffolds in breast cancer research. Biomaterials 2016; 81:135-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
250
|
Shi Y, He MX. PfIRR Interacts with HrIGF-I and Activates the MAP-kinase and PI3-kinase Signaling Pathways to Regulate Glycogen Metabolism in Pinctada fucata. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22063. [PMID: 26911653 PMCID: PMC4766514 DOI: 10.1038/srep22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are major intracellular signaling modules and conserved among eukaryotes that are known to regulate diverse cellular processes. However, they have not been investigated in the mollusk species Pinctada fucata. Here, we demonstrate that insulin-related peptide receptor of P. fucata (pfIRR) interacts with human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I (hrIGF-I), and stimulates the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways in P. fucata oocytes. We also show that inhibition of pfIRR by the inhibitor PQ401 significantly attenuates the basal and hrIGF-I-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt at amino acid residues threonine 308 and serine 473. Furthermore, our experiments show that there is cross-talk between the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, in which MAPK kinase positively regulates the PI3K pathway, and PI3K positively regulates the MAPK cascade. Intramuscular injection of hrIGF-I stimulates the PI3K and MAPK pathways to increase the expression of pfirr, protein phosphatase 1, glucokinase, and the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase, decreases the mRNA expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, decreases glucose levels in hemocytes, and increases glycogen levels in digestive glands. These results suggest that the MAPK and PI3K pathways in P. fucata transmit the hrIGF-I signal to regulate glycogen metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Mao-xian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| |
Collapse
|