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Gao L, Lu X, Liu H, Li J, Li W, Song R, Wang R, Zhang D, Zhu J. Mediation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Microbial Reduction of Hematite by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:575. [PMID: 30984128 PMCID: PMC6449630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) plays a fundamental role in microbial reduction/oxidation of minerals. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) surrounding the cells constitute a matrix that separates the cell's outer membrane from insoluble minerals and environmental fluid. This study investigated the effects of EPS on EET processes during microbial reduction of hematite by the iron-reducing strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MR-1). Electrochemical characterization techniques were employed to determine the influence of EPS components on the redox ability of MR-1. Cells with removed EPS exhibited approximately 30% higher hematite reduction than regular MR-1 cells, and produced a current density of 56 μA cm-2, corresponding to 3-4 fold that of regular MR-1. The superior EET of EPS-deprived cells could be attributed to direct contact between outer membrane proteins and hematite surface, as indicated by more redox peaks being detected by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The significantly reduced current density of MR-1 cells treated with proteinase K and deoxyribonuclease suggests that the electron transfer capacity across the EPS layer depends mainly on the spatial distribution of specific proteins and electron shuttles. Exopolysaccharides in EPS tend to inhibit electron transfer, however they also favor the attachment of cells onto hematite surfaces. Consistently, the charge transfer resistance of cells lacking EPS was only 116.3 Ω, approximately 44 times lower than that of regular cells (5,139.1 Ω). These findings point to a negative influence of EPS on EET processes for microbial reduction/oxidation of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiancai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongbin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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202
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Piché-Choquette S, Constant P. Molecular Hydrogen, a Neglected Key Driver of Soil Biogeochemical Processes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02418-18. [PMID: 30658976 PMCID: PMC6414374 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02418-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The atmosphere of the early Earth is hypothesized to have been rich in reducing gases such as hydrogen (H2). H2 has been proposed as the first electron donor leading to ATP synthesis due to its ubiquity throughout the biosphere as well as its ability to easily diffuse through microbial cells and its low activation energy requirement. Even today, hydrogenase enzymes enabling the production and oxidation of H2 are found in thousands of genomes spanning the three domains of life across aquatic, terrestrial, and even host-associated ecosystems. Even though H2 has already been proposed as a universal growth and maintenance energy source, its potential contribution as a driver of biogeochemical cycles has received little attention. Here, we bridge this knowledge gap by providing an overview of the classification, distribution, and physiological role of hydrogenases. Distribution of these enzymes in various microbial functional groups and recent experimental evidence are finally integrated to support the hypothesis that H2-oxidizing microbes are keystone species driving C cycling along O2 concentration gradients found in H2-rich soil ecosystems. In conclusion, we suggest focusing on the metabolic flexibility of H2-oxidizing microbes by combining community-level and individual-level approaches aiming to decipher the impact of H2 on C cycling and the C-cycling potential of H2-oxidizing microbes, via both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, to give us more insight into the role of H2 as a driver of biogeochemical processes.
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203
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Zhang Q, Amor K, Galer SJG, Thompson I, Porcelli D. Using stable isotope fractionation factors to identify Cr(VI) reduction pathways: Metal-mineral-microbe interactions. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:98-109. [PMID: 30594094 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbes interact with metals and minerals in the environment altering their physical and chemical states, whilst in turn metals and minerals impact on microbial growth, activity and survival. The interactions between bacteria and dissolved chromium in the presence of iron minerals, and their impact on Cr isotope variations, were investigated. Cr(VI) reduction experiments were conducted with two bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens LB 300 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, in the presence of two iron oxide minerals, goethite and hematite. Both minerals were found to inhibit the rates of Cr(VI) reduction by Pseudomonas, but accelerated those of Shewanella. The Cr isotopic fractionation factors generated by Shewanella were independent of the presence of the minerals (ε = -2.3‰). For Pseudomonas, the ε value was the same in both the presence and absence of goethite (-3.3‰); although, it was much higher (ε = -4.3‰) in the presence of hematite. The presence of aqueous Fe(III) in solution had no detectable impact on either bacterial Cr reduction rates nor isotopic fractionation factors. The presence of aqueous Fe(II) induced rapid abiotic reduction of Cr(VI). The different effects that the presence of Fe minerals had on the Cr fractionation factors and reduction rates of the different bacterial species may be attributed to the way each bacteria attached to the minerals and their different reduction pathways. SEM images confirmed that Pseudomonas cells were much more tightly packed on the mineral surfaces than were Shewanella. The images also confirmed that Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 produced nanowires. The results suggest that the dominant Cr(VI) reduction pathway for Pseudomonas fluorescens LB 300 may have been through membrane-bound enzymes, whilst for Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 it was probably via extracellular electron transfer. Since different minerals impact differentially on bacterial Cr(VI) reduction and isotope fractionation, variations of mineralogies and the associated changes of bacterial communities should be taken into consideration when using Cr isotopes to quantify Cr redox behaviour in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Ken Amor
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J G Galer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Climate Geochemistry Department, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ian Thompson
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Don Porcelli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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204
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Molecular underpinnings for microbial extracellular electron transfer during biogeochemical cycling of earth elements. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1275-1286. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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205
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Logan BE, Rossi R, Ragab A, Saikaly PE. Electroactive microorganisms in bioelectrochemical systems. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:307-319. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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206
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Sedki M, Hassan RYA, Andreescu S, El-Sherbiny IM. Online-monitoring of biofilm formation using nanostructured electrode surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:178-185. [PMID: 30948051 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The direct monitoring of biofilm formation enables valuable insights into the industrial processes, microbiology, and biomedical applications. Therefore, in the present study, nano-structured bioelectrochemical platforms were designed for sensing the formation of biofilm of P. aeruginosa along with monitoring its electrochemical/morphological changes under different stresses. Through the assay optimizations, the performances of different electrode modifiers such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets, hyperbranched chitosan nanoparticles (HBCs NPs), and rGO-HBCs nano-composite were tested to assess the influence of the electrode materials on biofilm progression. As a need for the anodic respiration, the bioelectrochemical responses of the adhered bacterial cells changed from a non-electrochemically active (planktonic state) to an electrochemically active (biofilm matrix) state. Our results demonstrated that electrode modifications with conductive nanostructured elements is highly sensitive and enable direct assay for the biofilm formation without any preachments. Consequently, the morphological changes in bacterial cell wall, upon switching from the planktonic state to the biofilm matrix were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the changes in cell wall chemical composition were monitored by the Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Thus, the designed microbial electrochemical system (MES) was successfully used to monitor changes in the biofilm matrix under different stresses through direct measurements of electron exchanges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sedki
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt; Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt.
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207
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Dong H, Li L, Lu Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Ning Q, Wang B, Zhang L, Zeng G. Integration of nanoscale zero-valent iron and functional anaerobic bacteria for groundwater remediation: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:265-277. [PMID: 30660027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The technology of integrating nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and functional anaerobic bacteria has broad prospects for groundwater remediation. This review focuses on the interactions between nZVI and three kinds of functional anaerobic bacteria: organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB), sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and iron reducing bacteria (IRB), which are commonly used in the anaerobic bioremediation. The coupling effects of nZVI and the functional bacteria on the contaminant removal in the integrated system are summarized. Generally, nZVI could create a suitable living condition for the growth and activity of anaerobic bacteria. OHRB and SRB could synergistically degrade organic halides and remove heavy metals with nZVI, and IRB could reactive the passivated nZVI by reducing the iron (hydr)oxides on the surface of nZVI. Moreover, the roles of these anaerobic bacteria in contaminant removal coupling with nZVI and the degradation mechanisms are illustrated. In addition, this review also discusses the main factors influencing the removal efficiency of contaminants in the integrated treatment system, including nZVI species and dosage, inorganic ions, organic matters, pH, type of pollutants, temperature, and carbon/energy sources, etc. Among these factors, the nZVI species and dosage play a fundamental role due to the potential cytotoxicity of nZVI, which might exert a negative impact on the performance of this integrated system. Lastly, the future research needs are proposed to better understand this integrated technology and effectively apply it in groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yujun Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Qin Ning
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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208
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Yang Y, Fang Z, Yu YY, Wang YZ, Naraginti S, Yong YC. A mediator-free whole-cell electrochemical biosensing system for sensitive assessment of heavy metal toxicity in water. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:1071-1080. [PMID: 31070587 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A bioelectrochemical sensing system (BES) based on electroactive bacteria (EAB) has been used as a new and promising tool for water toxicity assessment. However, most EAB can reduce heavy metals, which usually results in low toxicity response. Herein, a starvation pre-incubation strategy was developed which successfully avoided the metal reduction during the toxicity sensing period. By integrating this starvation pre-incubation procedure with the amperometric BES, a sensitive, robust and mediator-free biosensing method for heavy metal toxicity assessment was developed. Under the optimized conditions, the IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values for Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Cr6+ obtained were 0.35, 3.49, 6.52, 2.48 mg L-1, respectively. The measurement with real water samples also suggested this method was reliable for practical application. This work demonstrates that it is feasible to use EAB for heavy metal toxicity assessment and provides a new tool for water toxicity warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China E-mail:
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China E-mail:
| | - Yang-Yang Yu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China E-mail:
| | - Yan-Zhai Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China E-mail:
| | - Saraschandra Naraginti
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China E-mail:
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China E-mail: ; Zhenjiang Key Laboratory for Advanced Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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209
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Decoupling a novel Trichormus variabilis-Synechocystis sp. interaction to boost phycoremediation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2511. [PMID: 30792472 PMCID: PMC6385349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To conserve freshwater resources, domestic and industrial wastewater is recycled. Algal systems have emerged as an efficient, low-cost option for treatment (phycoremediation) of nutrient-rich wastewater and environmental protection. However, industrial wastewater may contain growth inhibitory compounds precluding algal use in phycoremediation. Therefore, extremophyte strains, which thrive in hostile environments, are sought-after. Here, we isolated such an alga - a strain of Synechocystis sp. we found to be capable of switching from commensal exploitation of the nitrogen-fixing Trichormus variabilis, for survival in nitrogen-deficient environments, to free-living growth in nitrate abundance. In nitrogen depletion, the cells are tethered to polysaccharide capsules of T. variabilis using nanotubular structures, presumably for nitrate acquisition. The composite culture failed to establish in industrial/domestic waste effluent. However, gradual exposure to increasing wastewater strength over time untethered Synechocystis cells and killed off T. variabilis. This switched the culture to a stress-acclimated monoculture of Synechocystis sp., which rapidly grew and flourished in wastewater, with ammonium and phosphate removal efficiencies of 99.4% and 97.5%, respectively. Therefore, this strain of Synechocystis sp. shows great promise for use in phycoremediation, with potential to rapidly generate biomass that can find use as a green feedstock for valuable bio-products in industrial applications.
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210
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Cao Y, Mu H, Liu W, Zhang R, Guo J, Xian M, Liu H. Electricigens in the anode of microbial fuel cells: pure cultures versus mixed communities. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:39. [PMID: 30782155 PMCID: PMC6380051 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an environmentally friendly technology for electricity harvesting from a variety of substrates. Microorganisms used as catalysts in the anodic chamber, which are termed as electricigens, play a major role in the operation of MFCs. This review provides an introduction to the currently identified electricigens on their taxonomical groups and electricity producing abilities. The mechanism of electron transfer from electricigens to electrode is highlighted. The performances of pure culture and mixed communities are compared particularly. It has been proved that the electricity generation capacity and the ability to adapt to the complex environment of MFC systems constructed by pure microbial cultures are less than the systems constructed by miscellaneous consortia. However, pure cultures are useful to clarify the electron transfer mechanism at the microbiological level and further reduce the complexity of mixed communities. Future research trends of electricigens in MFCs should be focused on screening, domestication, modification and optimization of multi-strains to improve their electrochemical activities. Although the MFC techniques have been greatly advanced during the past few years, the present state of this technology still requires to be combined with other processes for cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Hui Mu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Huizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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211
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Arinda T, Philipp LA, Rehnlund D, Edel M, Chodorski J, Stöckl M, Holtmann D, Ulber R, Gescher J, Sturm-Richter K. Addition of Riboflavin-Coupled Magnetic Beads Increases Current Production in Bioelectrochemical Systems via the Increased Formation of Anode-Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:126. [PMID: 30804910 PMCID: PMC6370747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis is one of the best-understood model organisms for extracellular electron transfer. Endogenously produced and exported flavin molecules seem to play an important role in this process and mediate the connection between respiratory enzymes on the cell surface and the insoluble substrate by acting as electron shuttle and cytochrome-bound cofactor. Consequently, the addition of riboflavin to a bioelectrochemical system (BES) containing S. oneidensis cells as biocatalyst leads to a strong current increase. Still, an external application of riboflavin to increase current production in continuously operating BESs does not seem to be applicable due to the constant washout of the soluble flavin compound. In this study, we developed a recyclable electron shuttle to overcome the limitation of mediator addition to BES. Riboflavin was coupled to magnetic beads that can easily be recycled from the medium. The effect on current production and cell distribution in a BES as well as the recovery rate and the stability of the beads was investigated. The addition of synthesized beads leads to a more than twofold higher current production, which was likely caused by increased biofilm production. Moreover, 90% of the flavin-coupled beads could be recovered from the BESs using a magnetic separator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutut Arinda
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura-Alina Philipp
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - David Rehnlund
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Miriam Edel
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonas Chodorski
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Stöckl
- Electrochemistry, DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Industrial Biotechnology, DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katrin Sturm-Richter
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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212
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Fernandez PM, Binley A, Bloem E, French HK. Laboratory spectral induced polarisation signatures associated with iron and manganese oxide dissolution because of anaerobic degradation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 221:1-10. [PMID: 30600103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of organic chemicals in natural soils depends on oxidation-reduction conditions. To protect our groundwater resources we need to understand the degradation processes under anaerobic conditions. Available iron and manganese oxides are used as electron acceptors for anaerobic degradation and are reduced to the dissolved form of metallic cations in pore water. To monitor this process is a challenge, because anaerobic conditions are difficult to sample directly without introducing oxygen. A few studies have shown an impact of iron reduction on spectral induced polarisation (SIP) signature, often associated with bacterial growth. Our objective is to study the impact of iron and manganese oxide dissolution, caused by degradation of an organic compound, with spectral induced polarisation signatures. Twenty-six vertical columns (30 cm high, inner diameter 4.6 cm) were filled with a sand rich in oxides (manganese and iron) with a static water table in the middle. In half of the columns, a 2 cm high contaminated layer was installed just above the water table. As the contaminant degrades, the initial oxygen is consumed and anaerobic conditions form Every three days over a period of one month, spectral induced polarisation (twenty frequencies between 5mHz and 10 kHz) data were collected on six columns: three contaminated replicates and three control replicates. Chemical analysis was done on twenty columns assigned for destructive water sampling, ten contaminated columns and ten control. The results show an increase of the real conductivity associated with the degradation processes, independent of frequency. Compared with the pore water electrical conductivity in the saturated zone, the real conductivity measurement revealed the formation of surface conductivity before iron was released in the pore water. In parallel, we also observed an evolution of the imaginary conductivity in both saturated and unsaturated zones at frequencies below 1 Hz. Overall, the anaerobic reduction of iron and manganese oxide during the organic degradation increased both the conductive and polarisation component of the complex conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine M Fernandez
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Andrew Binley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Esther Bloem
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 7, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Helen K French
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 7, 1430 Ås, Norway.
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213
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Zhao N, Ma Z, Song H, Xie Y, Zhang M. Enhancement of bioelectricity generation by synergistic modification of vertical carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole for the carbon fibers anode in microbial fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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214
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A review of the mechanisms of mineral-based metabolism in early Earth analog rock-hosted hydrothermal ecosystems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:29. [PMID: 30689069 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis ~ 2.8-3.2 Ga, life was dependent on chemical energy captured from oxidation-reduction reactions involving minerals or substrates generated through interaction of water with minerals. Terrestrial hydrothermal environments host abundant and diverse non-photosynthetic communities and a variety of minerals that can sustain microbial metabolism. Minerals and substrates generated through interaction of minerals with water are differentially distributed in hot spring environments which, in turn, shapes the distribution of microbial life and the metabolic processes that support it. Emerging evidence suggests that terrestrial hydrothermal environments may have played a role in supporting the metabolism of the earliest forms of microbial life. It follows that these environments and their microbial inhabitants are increasingly being studied as analogs of early Earth ecosystems. Here we review current understanding of the processes that lead to variation in the availability of minerals or mineral-sourced substrates in terrestrial hydrothermal environments. In addition, we summarize proposed mechanisms of mineral substrate acquisition and metabolism in microbial cells inhabiting terrestrial hydrothermal environments, highlighting the importance of the dynamic interplay between biotic and abiotic reactions in influencing mineral substrate bioavailability. An emphasis is placed on mechanisms involved in the solubilization, acquisition, and metabolism of sulfur- and iron-bearing minerals, since these elements were likely integrated into the metabolism of the earliest anaerobic cells.
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Metal Reduction and Protein Secretion Genes Required for Iodate Reduction by Shewanella oneidensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02115-18. [PMID: 30446562 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02115-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The metal-reducing gammaproteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis reduces iodate (IO3 -) as an anaerobic terminal electron acceptor. Microbial IO3 - electron transport pathways are postulated to terminate with nitrate (NO3 -) reductase, which reduces IO3 - as an alternative electron acceptor. Recent studies with S. oneidensis, however, have demonstrated that NO3 - reductase is not involved in IO3 - reduction. The main objective of the present study was to determine the metal reduction and protein secretion genes required for IO3 - reduction by Shewanella oneidensis with lactate, formate, or H2 as the electron donor. With all electron donors, the type I and type V protein secretion mutants retained wild-type IO3 - reduction activity, while the type II protein secretion mutant lacking the outer membrane secretin GspD was impaired in IO3 - reduction. Deletion mutants lacking the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), cytochrome maturation permease CcmB, and inner membrane-tethered c-type cytochrome CymA were impaired in IO3 - reduction with all electron donors, while deletion mutants lacking c-type cytochrome MtrA and outer membrane β-barrel protein MtrB of the outer membrane MtrAB module were impaired in IO3 - reduction with only lactate as an electron donor. With all electron donors, mutants lacking the c-type cytochromes OmcA and MtrC of the metal-reducing extracellular electron conduit MtrCAB retained wild-type IO3 - reduction activity. These findings indicate that IO3 - reduction by S. oneidensis involves electron donor-dependent metal reduction and protein secretion pathway components, including the outer membrane MtrAB module and type II protein secretion of an unidentified IO3 - reductase to the S. oneidensis outer membrane.IMPORTANCE Microbial iodate (IO3 -) reduction is a major component in the biogeochemical cycling of iodine and the bioremediation of iodine-contaminated environments; however, the molecular mechanism of microbial IO3 - reduction is poorly understood. Results of the present study indicate that outer membrane (type II) protein secretion and metal reduction genes encoding the outer membrane MtrAB module of the extracellular electron conduit MtrCAB are required for IO3 - reduction by S. oneidensis On the other hand, the metal-reducing c-type cytochrome MtrC of the extracellular electron conduit is not required for IO3 - reduction by S. oneidensis These findings indicate that the IO3 - electron transport pathway terminates with an as yet unidentified IO3 - reductase that associates with the outer membrane MtrAB module to deliver electrons extracellularly to IO3.
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Corts AD, Thomason LC, Gill RT, Gralnick JA. A new recombineering system for precise genome-editing in Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 using single-stranded oligonucleotides. Sci Rep 2019; 9:39. [PMID: 30631105 PMCID: PMC6328582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is an invaluable host for the discovery and engineering of pathways important for bioremediation of toxic and radioactive metals and understanding extracellular electron transfer. However, genetic manipulation is challenging due to the lack of genetic tools. Previously, the only reliable method used for introducing DNA into Shewanella spp. at high efficiency was bacterial conjugation, enabling transposon mutagenesis and targeted knockouts using suicide vectors for gene disruptions. Here, we describe development of a robust and simple electroporation method in S. oneidensis that allows an efficiency of ~4.0 x 106 transformants/µg DNA. High transformation efficiency is maintained when cells are frozen for long term storage. In addition, we report a new prophage-mediated genome engineering (recombineering) system using a λ Red Beta homolog from Shewanella sp. W3-18-1. By targeting two different chromosomal alleles, we demonstrate its application for precise genome editing using single strand DNA oligonucleotides and show that an efficiency of ~5% recombinants among total cells can be obtained. This is the first effective and simple strategy for recombination with markerless mutations in S. oneidensis. Continued development of this recombinant technology will advance high-throughput and genome modification efforts to engineer and investigate S. oneidensis and other environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Corts
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Lynn C Thomason
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ryan T Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Gralnick
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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217
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Cevik E, Buyukharman M, Yildiz HB. Construction of efficient bioelectrochemical devices: Improved electricity production from cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbia
sp.) based on π-conjugated conducting polymer/gold nanoparticle composite interfaces. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:757-768. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Cevik
- Genetic Research Department; Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Buyukharman
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; KTO Karatay University; Konya Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bekir Yildiz
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; KTO Karatay University; Konya Turkey
- Biotechnology Research Lab, FELSIM Ltd. Inc., Konya Technocity; Konya Turkey
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Chang TJ, Chang YH, Chao WL, Jane WN, Chang YT. Effect of hydraulic retention time on electricity generation using a solid plain-graphite plate microbial fuel cell anoxic/oxic process for treating pharmaceutical sewage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:1185-1197. [PMID: 30596323 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1530338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment efficiency and electricity generation were evaluated using a solid plain-graphite plate microbial fuel cell (MFC) anoxic/oxic (A/O) process that treated pharmaceutical sewage using different hydraulic retention times (HRT). Short HRTs increased the volumetric organic loading rate, thereby reducing the MFC performance due to rapid depletion of the substrate (carbon/nitrogen source). The COD removal efficiency decreased from 96.28% at a HRT of 8 h to 90.67% at a HRT of 5 h. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was reduced from 74.16% at a HRT of 8 h to 53.42% at a HRT of 5 h. A shorter HRT decreased the efficiency in treatment of the pharmaceutical products (PPs), which included acetaminophen, ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole in an aerobic reactor because these antibiotic compounds inhibited the microbial activity of the aerobic activated sludge in the MFC A/O system. The average power density and coulombic efficiency values were 162.74 mW m-2 and 7.09% at a HRT of 8 h and 29.12 mW m-2 and 2.23% at a HRT of 5 h, respectively. The dominant bacterial species including Hydrogenophaga spp., Rubrivivax spp. and Leptothrix spp., which seem to be involved in PP biodegradation; these were identified in the MFC A/O system under all HRT conditions for the first time using next generation sequencing. Bacterial nanowires were involved in accelerating the transfer of electrons and served as mediators in the SPGRP biofilm. In conclusion, a SPGRP MFC A/O system at a HRT of 8 h gave better removal of COD, T-N and PPs, as well as generated more electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-J Chang
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yun-H Chang
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wei-L Chao
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wann-N Jane
- b Academia Sinica , Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-T Chang
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
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219
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Zhong Y, Shi L. Genomic Analyses of the Quinol Oxidases and/or Quinone Reductases Involved in Bacterial Extracellular Electron Transfer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3029. [PMID: 30619124 PMCID: PMC6295460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To exchange electrons with extracellular substrates, some microorganisms employ extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathways that physically connect extracellular redox reactions to intracellular metabolic activity. These pathways are made of redox and structural proteins that work cooperatively to transfer electrons between extracellular substrates and the cytoplasmic membrane. Crucial to the bacterial and archaeal EET pathways are the quinol oxidases and/or quinone reductases in the cytoplasmic membrane where they recycle the quinone/quinol pool in the cytoplasmic membrane during EET reaction. Up to date, three different families of quinol oxidases and/or quinone reductases involved in bacterial EET have been discovered. They are the CymA, CbcL/MtrH/MtoC, and ImcH families of quinol oxidases and/or quinone reductases that are all multiheme c-type cytochromes (c-Cyts). To investigate to what extent they are distributed among microorganisms, we search the bacterial as well as archaeal genomes for the homologs of these c-Cyts. Search results reveal that the homologs of these c-Cyts are only found in the Domain Bacteria. Moreover, the CymA homologs are only found in the phylum of Proteobacteria and most of them are in the Shewanella genus. In addition to Shewanella sp., CymA homologs are also found in other Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, such as of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In contrast to CymA, CbcL/MtrH/MtoC, and ImcH homologs are much more widespread. CbcL/MtrH/MtoC homologs are found in 15 phyla, while ImcH homologs are found in 12 phyla. Furthermore, the heme-binding motifs of CbcL/MtrH/MtoC and ImcH homologs vary greatly, ranging from 3 to 23 and 6 to 10 heme-binding motifs for CbcL/MtrH/MtoC and ImcH homologs, respectively. Moreover, CymA and CbcL/MtrH/MtoC homologs are found in both Fe(III)-reducing and Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria, suggesting that these families of c-Cyts catalyze both quinol-oxidizing and quinone-reducing reactions. ImcH homologs are only found in the Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, implying that they are only the quinol oxidases. Finally, some bacteria have the homologs of two different families of c-Cyts, which may improve the bacterial capability to exchange electrons with extracellular substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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220
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Jiang Z, Zhang D, Zhou L, Deng D, Duan M, Liu Y. Enhanced catalytic capability of electroactive biofilm modified with different kinds of carbon nanotubes. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1035:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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221
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Electron transfer and transport through multi-heme proteins: recent progress and future directions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 47:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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222
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Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ma Y, Kang J, Liu Y. Isolation and characterization of an exoelectrogenic strain CL-1 from soil and electron transfer mechanism by linking electrochemistry and spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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223
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Improved Microbial Electrolysis Cell Hydrogen Production by Hybridization with a TiO2 Nanotube Array Photoanode. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) consumes the chemical energy of organic material producing, in turn, hydrogen. This study presents a new hybrid MEC design with improved performance. An external TiO2 nanotube (TNT) array photoanode, fabricated by anodization of Ti foil, supplies photogenerated electrons to the MEC electrical circuit, significantly improving overall performance. The photogenerated electrons help to reduce electron depletion of the bioanode, and improve the proton reduction reaction at the cathode. Under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2) the 28 mL hybrid MEC exhibits a H2 evolution rate of 1434.268 ± 114.174 mmol m−3 h−1, a current density of 0.371 ± 0.000 mA cm−2 and power density of 1415.311 ± 23.937 mW m−2, that are respectively 30.76%, 34.4%, and 26.0% higher than a MEC under dark condition.
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224
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Çevik E, Titiz M, Şenel M. Light-dependent photocurrent generation: Novel electrochemical communication between biofilm and electrode by ferrocene cored Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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225
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Wilmoth JL, Moran MA, Thompson A. Transient O 2 pulses direct Fe crystallinity and Fe(III)-reducer gene expression within a soil microbiome. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:189. [PMID: 30352628 PMCID: PMC6199725 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many environments contain redox transition zones, where transient oxygenation events can modulate anaerobic reactions that influence the cycling of iron (Fe) and carbon (C) on a global scale. In predominantly anoxic soils, this biogeochemical cycling depends on Fe mineral composition and the activity of mixed Fe(III)-reducer populations that may be altered by periodic pulses of molecular oxygen (O2). METHODS We repeatedly exposed anoxic (4% H2:96% N2) suspensions of soil from the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory to 1.05 × 102, 1.05 × 103, and 1.05 × 104 mmol O2 kg-1 soil h-1 during pulsed oxygenation treatments. Metatranscriptomic analysis and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to investigate changes in Fe(III)-reducer gene expression and Fe(III) crystallinity, respectively. RESULTS Slow oxygenation resulted in soil Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides of higher crystallinity (38.1 ± 1.1% of total Fe) compared to fast oxygenation (30.6 ± 1.5%, P < 0.001). Transcripts binning to the genomes of Fe(III)-reducers Anaeromyxobacter, Geobacter, and Pelosinus indicated significant differences in extracellular electron transport (e.g., multiheme cytochrome c, multicopper oxidase, and type-IV pilin gene expression), adhesion/contact (e.g., S-layer, adhesin, and flagellin gene expression), and selective microbial competition (e.g., bacteriocin gene expression) between the slow and fast oxygenation treatments during microbial Fe(III) reduction. These data also suggest that diverse Fe(III)-reducer functions, including cytochrome-dependent extracellular electron transport, are associated with type-III fibronectin domains. Additionally, the metatranscriptomic data indicate that Methanobacterium was significantly more active in the reduction of CO2 to CH4 and in the expression of class(III) signal peptide/type-IV pilin genes following repeated fast oxygenation compared to slow oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that specific Fe(III)-reduction mechanisms in mixed Fe(III)-reducer populations are uniquely sensitive to the rate of O2 influx, likely mediated by shifts in soil Fe(III)-(oxyhydr)oxide crystallinity. Overall, we provide evidence that transient oxygenation events play an important role in directing anaerobic pathways within soil microbiomes, which is expected to alter Fe and C cycling in redox-dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Lee Wilmoth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Moran
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA.
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226
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Ni G, Canizales S, Broman E, Simone D, Palwai VR, Lundin D, Lopez-Fernandez M, Sleutels T, Dopson M. Microbial Community and Metabolic Activity in Thiocyanate Degrading Low Temperature Microbial Fuel Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2308. [PMID: 30323799 PMCID: PMC6172326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiocyanate is a toxic compound produced by the mining and metallurgy industries that needs to be remediated prior to its release into the environment. If the industry is situated at high altitudes or near the poles, economic factors require a low temperature treatment process. Microbial fuel cells are a developing technology that have the benefits of both removing such toxic compounds while recovering electrical energy. In this study, simultaneous thiocyanate degradation and electrical current generation was demonstrated and it was suggested that extracellular electron transfer to the anode occurred. Investigation of the microbial community by 16S rRNA metatranscriptome reads supported that the anode attached and planktonic anolyte consortia were dominated by a Thiobacillus-like population. Metatranscriptomic sequencing also suggested thiocyanate degradation primarily occurred via the ‘cyanate’ degradation pathway. The generated sulfide was metabolized via sulfite and ultimately to sulfate mediated by reverse dissimilatory sulfite reductase, APS reductase, and sulfate adenylyltransferase and the released electrons were potentially transferred to the anode via soluble electron shuttles. Finally, the ammonium from thiocyanate degradation was assimilated to glutamate as nitrogen source and carbon dioxide was fixed as carbon source. This study is one of the first to demonstrate a low temperature inorganic sulfur utilizing microbial fuel cell and the first to provide evidence for pathways of thiocyanate degradation coupled to electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Ni
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Canizales
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Elias Broman
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Domenico Simone
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Viraja R Palwai
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lundin
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Margarita Lopez-Fernandez
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Tom Sleutels
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Mark Dopson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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227
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Yu SS, Cheng L, Chen JJ, Li WW, Zhao F, Wang WL, Li DB, Zhang F, Yu HQ. Framework of Cytochrome/Vitamin B 2 Linker/Graphene for Robust Microbial Electricity Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35090-35098. [PMID: 30247017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A bioelectrochemical system (BES) allows direct electricity production from wastes, but its low-power density, which is mainly associated with its poor anodic performance, limits its practical applications. Here, the anodic performance of a BES can be significantly improved by electrodepositing vitamin B2 (VB2) onto a graphene [reduced graphene oxide (rGO)]-modified glassy carbon electrode (VB2/rGO/GC) with Geobacter sulfurreducens as the model microorganisms. The VB2/rGO/GC electrode results in 200% higher electrochemical activity than a bare GC anode. Additionally, in microbial electrolysis cells, the current density of this composite electrode peaks at ∼210 μA cm-2 after 118 h and is maintained for 113 h. An electrochemical analysis coupled with molecular simulations reveals that using VB2 as a linker between the electrochemically active protein of this model strain and the rGO surface accelerates the electron transfer, which further improves the bioelectricity generation and favors the long-term stability of the BES. The VB2 bound with a flexible ribityl group as the organic molecular bridge efficiently mediates energy conversion in microbial metabolism and artificial electronics. This work provides a straightforward and effective route to significantly enhance the bioenergy generation in a BES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Song Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Lei Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jie-Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Wen-Lan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Dao-Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Feng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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228
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Aino K, Hirota K, Okamoto T, Tu Z, Matsuyama H, Yumoto I. Microbial Communities Associated With Indigo Fermentation That Thrive in Anaerobic Alkaline Environments. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2196. [PMID: 30279681 PMCID: PMC6153312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigo fermentation, which depends on the indigo-reducing action of microorganisms, has traditionally been performed to dye textiles blue in Asia as well as in Europe. This fermentation process is carried out by naturally occurring microbial communities and occurs under alkaline, anaerobic conditions. Therefore, there is uncertainty regarding the fermentation process, and many unknown microorganisms thrive in this unique fermentation environment. Until recently, there was limited information available on bacteria associated with this fermentation process. Indigo reduction normally occurs from 4 days to 2 weeks after initiation of fermentation. However, the changes in the microbiota that occur during the transition to an indigo-reducing state have not been elucidated. Here, the structural changes in the bacterial community were estimated by PCR-based methods. On the second day of fermentation, a large change in the redox potential occurred. On the fourth day, distinct substitution of the genus Halomonas with the aerotolerant genus Amphibacillus was observed, corresponding to marked changes in indigo reduction. Under open-air conditions, indigo reduction during the fermentation process continued for 6 months on average. The microbiota, including indigo-reducing bacteria, was continuously replaced with other microbial communities that consisted of other types of indigo-reducing bacteria. A stable state consisting mainly of the genus Anaerobacillus was also observed in a long-term fermentation sample. The stability of the microbiota, proportion of indigo-reducing microorganisms, and appropriate diversity and microbiota within the fluid may play key factors in the maintenance of a reducing state during long-term indigo fermentation. Although more than 10 species of indigo-reducing bacteria were identified, the reduction mechanism of indigo particle is riddle. It can be predicted that the mechanism involves electrons, as byproducts of metabolism, being discarded by analogs mechanisms reported in bacterial extracellular solid Fe3+ reduction under alkaline anaerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Aino
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Japan
| | - Kikue Hirota
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhihao Tu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Japan
| | | | - Isao Yumoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Japan
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229
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Oinuma KI, Yamaguchi I, Shindo D, Fujimoto M, Nishiyama T, Takano H, Takaya N, Ueda K. Extracytoplasmic diaphorase activity of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1581-1586. [PMID: 30054046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and utilization of plant-derived aromatic substances are fundamental to the saprophytic growth of Streptomyces. Here, we studied an enzyme activity reducing 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and nitroblue tetrazolium in the culture supernatant of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). N-terminal amino acid sequencing of a nitroblue tetrazolium-reducing enzyme revealed that the enzyme corresponds to the SCO2180 product. The protein exhibited a marked similarity with dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, the E3 subunit of 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex. A recombinant SCO2180 protein formed a homodimer and exhibited a diaphorase activity catalyzing NADH-dependent reduction of various quinonic substrates. Similar nitroblue tetrazolium-reducing activities were observed for other Streptomyces strains isolated from soil, implying that the diaphorase-catalyzed reduction of quinonic substances widely occurs in the extracytoplasmic space of Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Oinuma
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Itaru Yamaguchi
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Daiki Shindo
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimoto
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishiyama
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoki Takaya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kenji Ueda
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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230
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Mahmoud RH, Samhan FA, Ali GH, Ibrahim MK, Hassan RY. Assisting the biofilm formation of exoelectrogens using nanostructured microbial fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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231
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Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Evolution from Microbial Fuel Cells to Bioelectrochemical-Based Constructed Wetlands. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10091128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) rely on the presence of the metabolic activity of electroactive bacteria for the use of solid-state electrodes for oxidizing different kinds of compound that can lead to the synthesis of chemicals, bioremediation of polluted matrices, the treatment of contaminants of interest, as well as the recovery of energy. Keeping these possibilities in mind, there has been growing interest in the use of electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment, if possible with simultaneous power generation, since the beginning of the present century. In the last few years, there has been growing interest in exploring the possibility of merging MET with constructed wetlands offering a new option of an intensified wetland system that could maintain a high performance with a lower footprint. Based on that interest, this paper explains the general principles of MET, and the different known extracellular electron transfer mechanisms ruling the interaction between electroactive bacteria and potential solid-state electron acceptors. It also looks at the adoption of those principles for the development of MET set-ups for simultaneous wastewater treatment and power generation, and the challenges that the technology faces. Ultimately, the most recent developments in setups that merge MET with constructed wetlands are presented and discussed.
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232
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Pinck S, Xu M, Clement R, Lojou E, Jorand FPA, Etienne M. Influence of cytochrome charge and potential on the cathodic current of electroactive artificial biofilms. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 124:185-194. [PMID: 30086423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An electroactive artificial biofilm has been optimized for the cathodic reduction of fumarate by Shewanella oneidensis. The system is based on the self-assembly of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with bacterial cells in the presence of a c-type cytochrome. The aggregates are then deposited on an electrode to form the electroactive artificial biofilm. Six c-type cytochromes have been studied, from bovine heart or Desulfuromonas and Desulfuvibrio strains. The isoelectric point of the cytochrome controls the self-assembly process that occurs only with positively-charged cytochromes. The redox potential of the cytochrome is critical for electron transfer reactions with membrane cytochromes of the Mtr pathway. Optimal results have been obtained with c3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough having an isoelectric point of 10.2 and redox potentials of the four hemes ranging between -290 and -375 mV vs SHE. A current density of 170 μA cm-2 could be achieved in the presence of 50 mM fumarate. The stability of the electrochemical response was evaluated, showing a regular decrease of the current within 13 h, possibly due to the inactivation or leaching of loosely-bound cytochromes from the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pinck
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Mengjie Xu
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Romain Clement
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Elisabeth Lojou
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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233
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Du Q, Mu Q, Cheng T, Li N, Wang X. Real-Time Imaging Revealed That Exoelectrogens from Wastewater Are Selected at the Center of a Gradient Electric Field. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8939-8946. [PMID: 29995395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exoelectrogens acclimated from the environment are the key to energy recovery from waste in bioelectrochemical systems. However, it is still unknown how these bacteria are selectively enriched on the electrode. Here we confirmed for the first time that the electric field (EF) intensity selects exoelectrogens from wastewater using an integrated electrovisual system with a gradient EF. Under the operating conditions ( I = 3 × 10-3A), the EF intensity on the working electrode ranged from 6.00 V/cm at the center to 1.08 V/cm at the edge. A thick biofilm (88.9 μm) with spherical pink aggregates was observed at the center, while the color became gray at the edge (33.8 μm). The coverage of the biofilm also increased linearly with EF intensity from 0.42 at the edge (12 mm to the center) to 0.78 at the center. The biofilm at the center contained 76% Geobacter, which was 25% higher than that at the edge (60%). Geobacter anodireducens was the main species induced by the EF (50% at the center vs 24% at the edge). These results improve our fundamental knowledge of exoelectrogen acclimation and mixed electroactive biofilm formation, which has broader implications for energy recovery from waste and general understanding of microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Quanhua Mu
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , China
| | - Tao Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District , Tianjin 300350 , China
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234
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Li X, Qian J, Guo X, Shi L. One-step electrochemically synthesized graphene oxide coated on polypyrrole nanowires as anode for microbial fuel cell. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:375. [PMID: 30105200 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel polypyrrole nanowires coated by graphene oxide (PPy-NWs/GO) has been successfully synthesized by one-step electrochemical method, whose structure was different from previously reported PPy/GO composites. The microbial fuel cell equipped with PPy-NWs/GO as anode was fabricated and compared with PPy-NWs ones. The SEM images show that the synthesized PPy-NWs/GO materials possess more surface areas than PPy-NWs. The electrochemical analysis indicated that PPy-NWs/GO anode had lower charge transfer resistance, which may be attributed to synergistic effect of them. The MFC equipped with PPy-NWs/GO anode have higher circle voltages and the power density is about 22.3 mW/m2, which is great higher than that of PPy-NWs about 15.9 mW/m2. These improvements of the MFCs may be due to more bacteria on the larger biofilms based on GO nanosheets, indicating that the PPy-NWs/GO is more effective anode for improving electricity generation.
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235
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Beblawy S, Bursac T, Paquete C, Louro R, Clarke TA, Gescher J. Extracellular reduction of solid electron acceptors by Shewanella oneidensis. Mol Microbiol 2018; 109:571-583. [PMID: 29995975 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis is the best understood model organism for the study of dissimilatory iron reduction. This review focuses on the current state of our knowledge regarding this extracellular respiratory process and highlights its physiologic, regulatory and biochemical requirements. It seems that we have widely understood how respiratory electrons can reach the cell surface and what the minimal set of electron transport proteins to the cell surface is. Nevertheless, even after decades of work in different research groups around the globe there are still several important questions that were not answered yet. In particular, the physiology of this organism, the possible evolutionary benefit of some responses to anoxic conditions, as well as the exact mechanism of electron transfer onto solid electron acceptors are yet to be addressed. The elucidation of these questions will be a great challenge for future work and important for the application of extracellular respiration in biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Beblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (CS), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thea Bursac
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (CS), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Catarina Paquete
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Louro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Thomas A Clarke
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences and School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (CS), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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236
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Furst A, Smith MJ, Lee MC, Francis MB. DNA Hybridization To Interface Current-Producing Cells with Electrode Surfaces. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:880-884. [PMID: 30062116 PMCID: PMC6062829 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As fossil fuels are increasingly linked to environmental damage, the development of renewable, affordable biological alternative fuels is vital. Shewanella oneidensis is often suggested as a potential component of bioelectrochemical cells because of its ability to act as an electron donor to metal surfaces. These microbes remain challenging to implement, though, due to inconsistency in biofilm formation on electrodes and therefore current generation. We have applied DNA hybridization-based cell adhesion to immobilize S. oneidensis on electrodes. High levels of current are reproducibly generated from these cell layers following only 30 min of immobilization without the need for the formation of a biofilm. Upon incorporation of DNA mismatches in the microbe immobilization sequence, significant attenuation in current production is observed, suggesting that at least part of the electron transfer to the electrode is DNA-mediated. This method of microbe assembly is rapid, reproducible, and facile for the production of anodes for biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel
L. Furst
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew J. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Michael C. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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237
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Yamasaki R, Maeda T, Wood TK. Electron carriers increase electricity production in methane microbial fuel cells that reverse methanogenesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:211. [PMID: 30061933 PMCID: PMC6058355 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reversed methanogenesis in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to produce electricity for the first time from methane by combining an engineered archaeal strain that produces methyl-coenzyme M reductase from unculturable anaerobic methanotrophs (to capture methane and secrete acetate) with Geobacter sulfurreducens (to produce electrons from the generated acetate) and methane-acclimated sludge (to provide electron shuttles). RESULTS Here, the power density in MFCs was increased 77-fold to 5216 mW/m2 and the current density in MFCs was increased 73-fold to 7.3 A/m2 by reducing the surface area of the cathode (to make reasonable comparisons to other MFCs), by changing the order the strains of the consortium were added to the anode compartment, and by adding additional electron carriers (e.g., humic acids and cytochrome C). CONCLUSIONS This power density and current density are comparable to the best for any MFC, including those with Shewanella and Geobacter spp. that utilize non-gaseous substrates. In addition, we demonstrate the methane MFC may be used to power a fan by storing the energy in a capacitor. Hence, MFCs that convert methane to electricity are limited by electron carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamasaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400 USA
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196 Japan
| | - Thomas K. Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400 USA
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238
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Hsu L, Deng P, Zhang Y, Jiang X. Core/Shell Bacterial Cables: A One-Dimensional Platform for Probing Microbial Electron Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4606-4610. [PMID: 29923733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) plays a critical role in renewable bioelectricity harvesting through microbial fuel cells (MFC). Comprehensive interpretation and interrogation of EET mechanisms can provide valuable information to enhance MFC performance, which however are still restricted by the intrinsic complexity of natural biofilm. Here, we design core/shell EAB-encapsulating cables as a one-dimensional model system to facilitate EET studies, where the local microenvironments can be rationally controlled to establish structure-function correlations with full biological relevance. In particular, our proof-of-concept studies with Shewanella loihica PV-4 ( S. loihica) encapsulating cables demonstrate the precise modulation of fiber diameters (from 6.9 ± 1.1 to 25.1 ± 2.4 μm) and bacteria interactions, which are found to play important roles in programming the formation of different intercellular structures as revealed by in situ optical and ex situ electron microscopic studies. As-formed bacterial cables exhibit conductivity in the range of 2.5-16.2 mS·cm-1, which is highly dependent on the bacteria density as well as the nature and number of intercellular interconnections. Under electron-acceptor limited conditions, the closely contacted bacteria promote the development of high density self-assembling nanomaterials at cellular interfaces which can be directly translated to the increase of EET efficiency (16.2 mS·cm-1) as compared with isolated, remotely connected bacteria samples (6.4 mS·cm-1). Introducing exceeding concentrations of soluble electron acceptors during cell culture, however, substantially suppresses the formation of cellular interconnections and leads to significantly reduced conductivity (2.5 mS·cm-1). Frequency-dependent measurements further reveal that EET of EAB networks share similar characteristics to electron hopping in conductive polymer matrix, including dominant direct current-conduction in the low frequency region, and alternating current-induced additional electron hopping when the applied frequency is above the critical frequency (105 Hz). The current work represents a strategically new approach for noninvasively probing EET with rationally defined microenvironment and cellular interactions across a wide range of length scales, which is expected to open up new opportunities for tackling the fundamentals and implications of EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Pu Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Xiaocheng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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239
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Long H, Zhao X, Jia K, Li J, Wang L, Wang R, Lu X, Zhang D. bifA Regulates Biofilm Development of Pseudomonas putida MnB1 as a Primary Response to H 2O 2 and Mn 2. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1490. [PMID: 30042743 PMCID: PMC6048274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) MnB1 is a widely used model strain in environment science and technology for determining microbial manganese oxidation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the growth and metabolism of P. putida MnB1 are influenced by various environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and manganese (Mn2+) on proliferation, Mn2+ acquisition, anti-oxidative system, and biofilm formation of P. putida MnB1. The related orthologs of 4 genes, mco, mntABC, sod, and bifA, were amplified from P. putida GB1 and their involvement were assayed, respectively. We found that P. putida MnB1 degraded H2O2, and quickly recovered for proliferation, but its intracellular oxidative stress state was maintained, with rapid biofilm formation after H2O2 depletion. The data from mco, mntABC, sod and bifA expression levels by qRT-PCR, elucidated a sensitivity toward bifA-mediated biofilm formation, in contrary to intracellular anti-oxidative system under H2O2 exposure. Meanwhile, Mn2+ ion supply inhibited biofilm formation of P. putida MnB1. The expression pattern of these genes showed that Mn2+ ion supply likely functioned to modulate biofilm formation rather than only acting as nutrient substrate for P. putida MnB1. Furthermore, blockade of BifA activity by GTP increased the formation and development of biofilms during H2O2 exposure, while converse response to Mn2+ ion supply was evident. These distinct cellular responses to H2O2 and Mn2+ provide insights on the common mechanism by which environmental microorganisms may be protected from exogenous factors. We postulate that BifA-mediated biofilm formation but not intracellular anti-oxidative system may be a primary protective strategy adopted by P. putida MnB1. These findings will highlight the understanding of microbial adaptation mechanisms to distinct environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keke Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiancai Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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240
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Limited carbon source retards inorganic arsenic release during roxarsone degradation in Shewanella oneidensis microbial fuel cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8093-8106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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241
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Using metabolic charge production in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Q TCA) to evaluate the extracellular-electron-transfer performances of Shewanella spp. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 124:119-126. [PMID: 30015268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Using an electrochemical cell equipped with carbon felt electrodes (poised at +0.63 V vs. SHE), the current production capabilities of two Shewanella strains-NTOU1 and KR-12-were examined under various conditions with lactate as an electron donor. The metabolic charge produced in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (QTCA) was calculated by mass-balance. The data showed a linear relation between the electric coulomb production (QEL) and QTCA with an R2 of 0.65. In addition, a large amount of pyruvate accumulation was observed at pH = 6, rendering QTCA negative. The results indicate an occurrence of an undesired cataplerotic reaction. It was also found that QTCA provides important information showing the oxygen-boosting TCA cycle and anodic-current generation of Shewanella spp. Linear dependence of the change in charge for biomass growth (4.52FΔnCell) on QTCA was also found as expressed by 4.52FΔnCell = 1.0428 QTCA + 0.0442, indicating that these two charge quantities are inherently identical under most of the experimental conditions. In the mediator-spiked experiments, the external addition of the mediators (ferricyanide, anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonate, and riboflavin) beyond certain concentrations inhibited the activity of the TCA cycle, indicating that the oxidative phosphorylation is deactivated by excessive amounts of mediators, yet Shewanella spp. are constrained with regard to carrying out the substrate-level phosphorylation.
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242
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Feng J, Qian Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Xu S, Chen K, Ouyang P. Enhancing the performance of Escherichia coli-inoculated microbial fuel cells by introduction of the phenazine-1-carboxylic acid pathway. J Biotechnol 2018; 275:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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243
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Reguera G. Harnessing the power of microbial nanowires. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:979-994. [PMID: 29806247 PMCID: PMC6201914 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of iron oxide minerals and uranium in model metal reducers in the genus Geobacter is mediated by conductive pili composed primarily of a structurally divergent pilin peptide that is otherwise recognized, processed and assembled in the inner membrane by a conserved Type IVa pilus apparatus. Electronic coupling among the peptides is promoted upon assembly, allowing the discharge of respiratory electrons at rates that greatly exceed the rates of cellular respiration. Harnessing the unique properties of these conductive appendages and their peptide building blocks in metal bioremediation will require understanding of how the pilins assemble to form a protein nanowire with specialized sites for metal immobilization. Also important are insights into how cells assemble the pili to make an electroactive matrix and grow on electrodes as biofilms that harvest electrical currents from the oxidation of waste organic substrates. Genetic engineering shows promise to modulate the properties of the peptide building blocks, protein nanowires and current‐harvesting biofilms for various applications. This minireview discusses what is known about the pilus material properties and reactions they catalyse and how this information can be harnessed in nanotechnology, bioremediation and bioenergy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Reguera
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd., Rm. 6190, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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244
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Scalable long-term extraction of photosynthetic electrons by simple sandwiching of nanoelectrode array with densely-packed algal cell film. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:15-22. [PMID: 29879583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct extraction of photosynthetic electrons from the whole photosynthetic cells such as plant cells or algal cells can be highly efficient and sustainable compared to other approaches based on isolated photosynthetic apparatus such as photosystems I, II, and thylakoid membranes. However, insertion of nanoelectrodes (NEs) into individual cells are time-consuming and unsuitable for scale-up processes. We propose simple and efficient insertion of massively-populated NEs into cell films in which algal cells are densely packed in a monolayer. After stacking the cell film over an NE array, gentle pressing of the stack allows a large number of NEs to be inserted into the cells in the cell film. The NE array was fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MAC-etching) followed by additional steps of wet oxidation and oxide etching. The cell film was prepared by mixing highly concentrated algal cells with alginate hydrogel. Photosynthetic currents of up to 106 nA/cm2 was achieved without aid of mediators, and the photosynthetic function was maintained for 6 days after NE array insertion into algal cells.
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Costa NL, Clarke TA, Philipp LA, Gescher J, Louro RO, Paquete CM. Electron transfer process in microbial electrochemical technologies: The role of cell-surface exposed conductive proteins. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 255:308-317. [PMID: 29444758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive microorganisms have attracted significant interest for the development of novel biotechnological systems of low ecological footprint. These can be used for the sustainable production of energy, bioremediation of metal-contaminated environments and production of added-value products. Currently, almost 100 microorganisms from the Bacterial and Archaeal domains are considered electroactive, given their ability to efficiently interact with electrodes in microbial electrochemical technologies. Cell-surface exposed conductive proteins are key players in the electron transfer between cells and electrodes. Interestingly, it seems that among the electroactive organisms identified so far, these cell-surface proteins fall into one of four groups. In this review, the different types of cell-surface conductive proteins found in electroactive organisms will be overviewed, focusing on their structural and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazua L Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Thomas A Clarke
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences and School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura-Alina Philipp
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (CS), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (CS), Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ricardo O Louro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Paquete
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Cable Bacteria Take a New Breath Using Long-Distance Electricity. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:411-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chignell JF, De Long SK, Reardon KF. Meta-proteomic analysis of protein expression distinctive to electricity-generating biofilm communities in air-cathode microbial fuel cells. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:121. [PMID: 29713380 PMCID: PMC5913794 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) harness electrons from microbial respiration to generate power or chemical products from a variety of organic feedstocks, including lignocellulosic biomass, fermentation byproducts, and wastewater sludge. In some BESs, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), bacteria living in a biofilm use the anode as an electron acceptor for electrons harvested from organic materials such as lignocellulosic biomass or waste byproducts, generating energy that may be used by humans. Many BES applications use bacterial biofilm communities, but no studies have investigated protein expression by the anode biofilm community as a whole. RESULTS To discover functional protein expression during current generation that may be useful for MFC optimization, a label-free meta-proteomics approach was used to compare protein expression in acetate-fed anode biofilms before and after the onset of robust electricity generation. Meta-proteomic comparisons were integrated with 16S rRNA gene-based community analysis at four developmental stages. The community composition shifted from dominance by aerobic Gammaproteobacteria (90.9 ± 3.3%) during initial biofilm formation to dominance by Deltaproteobacteria, particularly Geobacter (68.7 ± 3.6%) in mature, electricity-generating anodes. Community diversity in the intermediate stage, just after robust current generation began, was double that at the early stage and nearly double that of mature anode communities. Maximum current densities at the intermediate stage, however, were relatively similar (~ 83%) to those achieved by mature-stage biofilms. Meta-proteomic analysis, correlated with population changes, revealed significant enrichment of categories specific to membrane and transport functions among proteins from electricity-producing biofilms. Proteins detected only in electricity-producing biofilms were associated with gluconeogenesis, the glyoxylate cycle, and fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as with denitrification and competitive inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that it is possible for an MFC microbial community to generate robust current densities while exhibiting high taxonomic diversity. Moreover, these data provide evidence to suggest that startup growth of air-cathode MFCs under conditions that promote the establishment of aerobic-anaerobic syntrophy may decrease startup times. This study represents the first investigation into protein expression of a complex BES anode biofilm community as a whole. The findings contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanisms at work during BES startup and suggest options for improvement of BES generation of bioelectricity from renewable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Chignell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Susan K. De Long
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Kenneth F. Reardon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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Mehmood S, Ciancio R, Carlino E, Bhatti AS. Role of Au(NPs) in the enhanced response of Au(NPs)-decorated MWCNT electrochemical biosensor. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2093-2106. [PMID: 29713161 PMCID: PMC5910797 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s155388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of Au-metallic-NPs and CNTs are a new class of hybrid nanomaterials for the development of electrochemical biosensor. Concentration of Au(nanoparticles [NPs]) in the electrochemical biosensor is crucial for the efficient charge transfer between the Au-NPs-MWCNTs modified electrode and electrolytic solution. Methods In this work, the charge transfer kinetics in the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Au(NPs)–multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanohybrid with varied concentrations of Au(NPs) in the range 40–100 nM was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the attachment of Au(NPs) on the surface of MWCNTs. Results The cyclic voltammetry and EIS results showed that the charge transfer mechanism was diffusion controlled and the rate of charge transfer was dependent on the concentration of Au(NPs) in the nanohybrid. The formation of spherical diffusion zone, which was dependent on the concentration of Au(NPs) in nanohybrids, was attributed to result in 3 times the increase in the charge transfer rate ks, 5 times increase in mass transfer, and 5% (9%) increase in Ipa (Ipc) observed in cyclic voltammetry in 80 nM Au(NP) nanohybrid-modified GCE from MWCNT-modified GCE. The work was extended to probe the effect of charge transfer rates at various concentrations of Au(NPs) in the nanohybrid-modified electrodes in the presence of Escherichia coli. The cyclic voltammetry results clearly showed the best results for 80 nM Au(NPs) in nanohybrid electrode. Conclusion The present study suggested that the formation of spherical diffusion zone in nanohybrid-modified electrodes is critical for the enhanced electrochemical biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mehmood
- Department of Physics, Center for Micro and Nano Devices, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Elvio Carlino
- CNR-IOM TASC, Trieste, Italy.,CNR-IMM, Campus Universitario, Via per Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Arshad S Bhatti
- Department of Physics, Center for Micro and Nano Devices, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
Enterococci are important human commensals and significant opportunistic pathogens. Biofilm-related enterococcal infections, such as endocarditis, urinary tract infections, wound and surgical site infections, and medical device-associated infections, often become chronic upon the formation of biofilm. The biofilm matrix establishes properties that distinguish this state from free-living bacterial cells and increase tolerance to antimicrobial interventions. The metabolic versatility of the enterococci is reflected in the diversity and complexity of environments and communities in which they thrive. Understanding metabolic factors governing colonization and persistence in different host niches can reveal factors influencing the transition to biofilm pathogenicity. Here, we report a form of iron-dependent metabolism for Enterococcus faecalis where, in the absence of heme, extracellular electron transfer (EET) and increased ATP production augment biofilm growth. We observe alterations in biofilm matrix depth and composition during iron-augmented biofilm growth. We show that the ldh gene encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase is required for iron-augmented energy production and biofilm formation and promotes EET. Bacterial metabolic versatility can often influence the outcome of host-pathogen interactions, yet causes of metabolic shifts are difficult to resolve. The bacterial biofilm matrix provides the structural and functional support that distinguishes this state from free-living bacterial cells. Here, we show that the biofilm matrix can immobilize iron, providing access to this growth-promoting resource which is otherwise inaccessible in the planktonic state. Our data show that in the absence of heme, Enterococcus faecalisl-lactate dehydrogenase promotes EET and uses matrix-associated iron to carry out EET. Therefore, the presence of iron within the biofilm matrix leads to enhanced biofilm growth.
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Porous translucent electrodes enhance current generation from photosynthetic biofilms. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1299. [PMID: 29610519 PMCID: PMC5880806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some photosynthetically active bacteria transfer electrons across their membranes, generating electrical photocurrents in biofilms. Devices harvesting solar energy by this mechanism are currently limited by the charge transfer to the electrode. Here, we report the enhancement of bioelectrochemical photocurrent harvesting using electrodes with porosities on the nanometre and micrometre length scale. For the cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 on structured indium-tin-oxide electrodes, an increase in current generation by two orders of magnitude is observed compared to a non-porous electrode. In addition, the photo response is substantially faster compared to non-porous anodes. Electrodes with large enough mesopores for the cells to inhabit show only a small advantage over purely nanoporous electrode morphologies, suggesting the prevalence of a redox shuttle mechanism in the electron transfer from the bacteria to the electrode over a direct conduction mechanism. Our results highlight the importance of electrode nanoporosity in the design of electrochemical bio-interfaces. Some microorganisms are able to generate electrons that can be externally harvested. Here the authors show an increase by two orders of magnitude in the photocurrent when two cyanobacterial strains are grown on nanopourous transparent conducting substrates, compared to traditional solid substrates.
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