201
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Wang X, Li W, Xu L, Lu R, Meng H. The association of EGF rs2237051 variant, serum EGF levels and generalized aggressive periodontitis: a preliminary study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9212. [PMID: 32477838 PMCID: PMC7243814 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a pro-inflammatory small peptide that stimulates cell growth, proliferation and differentiation through binding to its receptor. EGF rs2237051 and serum EGF levels have been demonstrated to be related with a variety of diseases, including several tumors and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association of the EGF rs2237051 variant and serum EGF levels in Chinese patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). Material and Methods A case-control study was conducted among 216 patients with GAgP and 138 healthy controls. The clinical parameters of plaque index, probing depth, attachment loss and bleeding index were recorded. The EGF rs2237051 polymorphism was genotyped using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and serum EGF levels were determined. Logistic and linear regression models were used to investigate the association between the genotypes of EGF rs2237051, serum EGF levels and GAgP risk. Results The AA genotype of EGF rs2237051 showed higher risk for GAgP than the combined genotypes GG and AG (adjusted OR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.06–2.57]). Increased serum EGF levels were associated with GAgP (adjusted OR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.14–1.22]). Moreover, the serum EGF level for the AA genotype was significantly higher than that for the AG/GG genotypes in patients with GAgP (adjusted β = 4.70, 95% CI [2.09–7.31]). Conclusion We demonstrated that EGF rs2237051 variant and the increased level of serum EGF were associated with the risk of GAgP, the serum EGF was up-regulated in patients with GAgP. It was indicated that serum EGF might be a biomarker of GAgP and EGF rs2237051 may be related to the genetic background of GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian'e Wang
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Lu
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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202
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St-Germain LE, Castellana B, Baltayeva J, Beristain AG. Maternal Obesity and the Uterine Immune Cell Landscape: The Shaping Role of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3776. [PMID: 32471078 PMCID: PMC7312391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is often equated to the physiological response to injury or infection. Inflammatory responses defined by cytokine storms control cellular mechanisms that can either resolve quickly (i.e., acute inflammation) or remain prolonged and unabated (i.e., chronic inflammation). Perhaps less well-appreciated is the importance of inflammatory processes central to healthy pregnancy, including implantation, early stages of placentation, and parturition. Pregnancy juxtaposed with disease can lead to the perpetuation of aberrant inflammation that likely contributes to or potentiates maternal morbidity and poor fetal outcome. Maternal obesity, a prevalent condition within women of reproductive age, associates with increased risk of developing multiple pregnancy disorders. Importantly, chronic low-grade inflammation is thought to underlie the development of obesity-related obstetric and perinatal complications. While diverse subsets of uterine immune cells play central roles in initiating and maintaining healthy pregnancy, uterine leukocyte dysfunction as a result of maternal obesity may underpin the development of pregnancy disorders. In this review we discuss the current knowledge related to the impact of maternal obesity and obesity-associated inflammation on uterine immune cell function, utero-placental establishment, and pregnancy health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. St-Germain
- The British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (L.E.S.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Barbara Castellana
- The British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (L.E.S.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Jennet Baltayeva
- The British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (L.E.S.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Alexander G. Beristain
- The British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (L.E.S.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada
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203
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Shikayama T, Fujita-Yoshigaki J, Sago-Ito M, Nakamura-Kiyama M, Naniwa M, Hitomi S, Ujihara I, Kataoka S, Yada N, Ariyoshi W, Usui M, Nakashima K, Ono K. Hematogenous apoptotic mechanism in salivary glands in chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104775. [PMID: 32512258 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate the apoptotic mechanism in salivary glands in the rat experimental periodontitis model. DESIGN A rat periodontitis model was prepared by using a ligature around the second upper molar. In the salivary (parotid and submandibular) glands and blood samples, putative apoptotic factors and pathway molecules were investigated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Four weeks of ligation (chronic periodontitis) demonstrated significant apoptotic atrophy of the salivary gland, but one week of ligation (initial periodontitis) did not. In the blood plasma, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased in the periodontitis model, but interleukin-1β and -6 were not. TNF-α receptor type 1, which has an intracellular apoptotic pathway, was expressed in the salivary glands of rats. Western blot analysis of cultured rat primary salivary gland cells demonstrated that TNF-α induced cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner, indicating apoptosis induction. Additionally, we found increment of circulating lymphocytes in the model. Expression of mRNA and immunoreactive cells for the B lymphocyte marker CD19 were increased in the salivary gland in the model. Western blotting showed that coculture with extracted B cells from the periodontitis model increased cleaved PARP in salivary gland cells. CONCLUSIONS Chronic periodontitis status leads to an increase in circulating TNF-α and B lymphocyte infiltration, resulting in apoptotic atrophy of the salivary gland as a periodontitis-induced systemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shikayama
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - J Fujita-Yoshigaki
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
| | - M Sago-Ito
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - M Nakamura-Kiyama
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - M Naniwa
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan; Division of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - S Hitomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - I Ujihara
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - S Kataoka
- Division of Anatomy, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - N Yada
- Division of Oral Pathology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - W Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - M Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - K Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - K Ono
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
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204
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Pérez-Sayáns M, Blanco-Carrión A, García-García A, Chamorro-Petronacci CM, Ortega KL, Suárez-Quintanilla J. Alveolar bone loss, platelet and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in 239 patients. A clinical study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e318-e325. [PMID: 32134896 PMCID: PMC7211374 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relation between periodontal disease and systemic pathologies is still not widespread among general practitioners. The aim of our study is to evaluate whether or not periodontal radiological diagnosis can aid the detection of blood alterations associated with acquired systemic diseases.
Material and Methods This is a cross sectional study. All of the participants underwent a panoramic radiograph and a complete blood test. Morphological bone loss was considered as positive in those patients who showed radiographically more than 1 tooth with bone loss greater than or equal to the middle third of the root. The statistical analysis was performed by comparing the variables using the ANOVA or U-Mann-Whitney tests for independent samples with normal conditions. The correlation coefficient was analysed using the Pearson test.
Results 239 patients were included in our study (96 men and 143 women) with an average age of 64.40 years. 59.04% of the patients were determined as morphological bone loss positive and had on average 4 teeth less than negative patients (p <0.0001). Also the average platelet levels in positive patients were lower (p = 0.024) and mean levels of HBA1c (p = 0.009) were higher.
Conclusions Morphological bone loss parameter can be useful both for dentists and general practitioners to refer, subsequently, to periodontal specialist. Key words:Periodontal diseases, blood chemical analysis, blood platelets, alkaline phosphatase, glycosylated haemoglobin A, alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Santiago de Compostela University Entrerríos s/n, Santiago de Compostela C.P. 15782, Spain
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205
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The impact of maternal periodontitis in the development of asthma in the offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:293-299. [PMID: 32314681 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies show an association between maternal periodontitis and adverse outcomes during gestation. On the other hand, there were no studies evaluating the impact of maternal periodontitis on the offspring. Thus, our objective was to investigate the repercussion of maternal periodontitis on the development of asthma in the offspring. Pregnant rats were submitted or not to periodontitis by ligature technique. Thirty days after birth, the puppies were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) in order to induce asthmatic response. Our results showed that maternal periodontitis reduced cellular infiltrate in the parenchyma of offspring, tracheal responsiveness, lung edema, and anti-OVA antibodies, without alter mucus as well as cytokines production. We concluded that periodontitis has relevant impact on the offspring's immune system, blunting the response to allergic and inflammatory stimulus. This study shows the important role of oral health during pregnancy and opens possibilities for future studies in order to explain the effects of periodontitis during pregnancy in the offspring.
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206
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Increased Risk of Chronic Periodontitis in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health-Screening Cohort. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041170. [PMID: 32325855 PMCID: PMC7231281 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the risk of chronic periodontitis (CP) between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and non-chronic rhinosinusitis (control) patients using a national cohort dataset from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. CRS (n = 5951) and control participants (n = 23,804) were selected after 1:4 ratio matching for age, sex, income, region of residence, and preoperative CP visits. Postoperative CP visits were measured between 2002 and 2015. The margin of equivalence of the difference between the CRS and control groups was set between -0.5 and 0.5. Statistical significance was noted in the post-index date (ID) of the third, fourth, and fifth year periods. In subgroup analyses according to age and sex, statistical significance was observed in 40-59-year-old males in post-ID third, fourth, and fifth year periods, ≥60-year-old males in post-ID third and fourth year periods, and ≥60-year-old females in post-ID fifth year period (p < 0.05, each). In another subgroup analysis based on the number of pre-ID CP visits, statistical significance was observed for pre-ID CP (0 time) in the third, fourth, and fifth year periods (p < 0.05, each). This study revealed that CRS participants were likely to receive CP diagnosis and treatment.
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207
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Association of cytokine patterns and clinical/laboratory parameters, medication and periodontal burden in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Odontology 2020; 108:441-449. [PMID: 32300908 PMCID: PMC7250790 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate serum levels of the following cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis subjects with periodontal disease: Interleukin-6, -10, -17, and -23. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently suffer from periodontal disease. Both diseases partly result from a dysregulated immune response. The current study aimed to quantify Interleukin-6, -10, -17, and -23 levels in rheumatoid arthritis. It should be investigated if the periodontal disease would have additional modifying effects. A total of 157 patients were included. Serum levels of IL-6, -10, -17, and -23 were measured by ELISA. Serum IL-10 increased with longer duration of morning stiffness and with higher rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide titres. IL-10 was also elevated with longer duration of prednisolone (< 5 mg daily) and leflunomide therapy. Subjects with lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate/longer leflunomide therapy displayed more missing teeth/more clinical attachment loss. IL-17 was higher in subjects with fewer missing teeth if the following criteria were fulfilled: shorter prednisolone (< 5 mg) and methotrexate therapy, more swollen joints, longer morning stiffness. IL-23 finally was increased in subjects with higher rheumatoid factor and in those with higher periodontal probing depth/clinical attachment loss in the following situations: lower rheumatoid factor and shorter leflunomide therapy. Subjects suffering from dental/periodontal burden show an aberrant systemic cytokine availability of serum IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-23 related to disease activity and medication. This examination underlines the complexity of potential interactions between disease activity and medication related to periodontal burden.
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208
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Rösing CK, Cavagni J, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Aránguis Freyhofer V. Periodontal disease and its impact on general health in Latin America. Section IV: Diagnosis. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e022. [PMID: 32294675 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The art of diagnosis is of great importance in the management of any disease. This includes preventive and therapeutic strategies. To make an accurate and effective diagnosis, knowledge about the health-disease process is fundamental. This paper reviews the important aspects for periodontal diagnosis in a contemporary approach, and endeavors to establish challenges for improving periodontal diagnosis, especially in Latin America. Considering that contemporary periodontal diagnosis should be based on knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases, this paper highlights that the recently proposed classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions was based on the best available evidence. This system was conceived for individual diagnosis, therefore, its use in research and epidemiological settings might be limited. The system leads to a practical implication that stresses the importance of interviewing the patient, thorough periodontal charting, and requesting any imaging and other complementary tests necessary. An important observation is that partial periodontal data recordings usable for screening are not diagnostic methods and might underestimate disease. The goals of utmost importance for Latin America are to increase the awareness of both the population and the profession and to prioritize correct periodontal diagnosis. In addition, learning how to use the new classification system will help with diagnosing periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Cavagni
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Zilson Malheiros
- Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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209
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Winning L, Polyzois I, Sanmartin Berglund J, Renvert S. Periodontitis and airflow limitation in older Swedish individuals. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:715-725. [PMID: 32246489 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether there was an association between periodontitis and airflow limitation in older Swedish individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study individuals were randomly selected from the Swedish civil registration database representing the ageing population in Karlskrona, Sweden. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed, alongside which participants completed questionnaires gathering information on their medical history, social circumstances, demographic background and tobacco use. A physical examination assessed anthropometric measures. Standard spirometry was performed to identify subjects with airflow limitation. Periodontitis was defined based on radiographic periodontal bone loss. Analysis included multiple logistic regression with adjustment for various confounders. RESULTS A total of 826 Caucasian dentate subjects were included in the analysis. The median age of participants was 73.2 (IQR 66-81) years, and 443 (54.6%) subjects were female. Eighty-six (10.4%) individuals presented with airflow limitation. The proportion of participants presenting with periodontitis in the airflow limitation group was 65.1% compared to 41.5% with normal respiratory function (p < .001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that periodontitis was independently associated with airflow limitation with an odds ratio of 2.31 (95% CI 1.27-4.22) p < .01. CONCLUSION In this group of older dentate individuals, periodontitis was significantly associated with airflow limitation independent of other known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Winning
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinty College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Polyzois
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinty College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johan Sanmartin Berglund
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Renvert
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinty College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.,School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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210
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Coêlho MC, Queiroz IC, Viana JMC, de Aquino SG, Persuhn DC, de Oliveira NFP. miR-9-1 gene methylation and DNMT3B (rs2424913) polymorphism may contribute to periodontitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190583. [PMID: 32267380 PMCID: PMC7137733 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and epigenetic changes have been associated with periodontitis in various genes; however, little is known about genes involved in epigenetic mechanisms and in oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association of polymorphisms C677T in MTHFR (rs1801133) and -149C→T in DNMT3B (rs2424913), as well as the methylation profiles of MTHFR, miR-9-1, miR-9-3, SOD1, and CAT with periodontitis. The association between polymorphisms and DNA methylation profiles was also analyzed. METHODOLOGY The population studied was composed of 100 nonsmokers of both sexes, divided into healthy and periodontitis groups. Genomic DNA was extracted from the epithelial buccal cells, which were collected through a mouthwash. Polymorphism analysis was performed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), while methylation-specific PCR (MSP) or combined bisulfite restriction analysis techniques were applied for methylation analysis. RESULTS For DNMT3B, the T allele and the TT genotype were detected more frequently in the periodontitis group, as well as the methylated profile on the miR-9-1 promoter region. There was also a tendency towards promoter region methylation on the CAT sequence of individuals with periodontal disease. CONCLUSION The polymorphism -149C→T in DNMT3B (rs2424913) and the methylated profile of the miR-9-1 promoter region are associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Castro Coêlho
- Universidade Federal da ParaíbaCentro de Ciências da SaúdePrograma de Pós Graduação em OdontologiaJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Ingrid Costa Queiroz
- Universidade Federal da ParaíbaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - José Maria Chagas Viana
- Universidade Federal da ParaíbaCentro de Ciências da SaúdePrograma de Pós Graduação em OdontologiaJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Sabrina Garcia de Aquino
- Universidade Federal da ParaíbaCentro de Ciências da SaúdePrograma de Pós Graduação em OdontologiaJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
- Universidade Federal da ParaíbaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeDepartamento de Odontologia Clínica e SocialJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia Clínica e Social, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Universidade Federal da ParaíbaCentro de Ciências Exatas e da NaturezaDepartamento de Biologia MolecularJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Naila Francis Paulo de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da ParaíbaCentro de Ciências da SaúdePrograma de Pós Graduação em OdontologiaJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
- Universidade Federal da ParaíbaCentro de Ciências Exatas e da NaturezaDepartamento de Biologia MolecularJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
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211
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Jeong-Hyon K, Bon-Hyuk G, Sang-Soo N, Yeon-Cheol P. A review of rat models of periodontitis treated with natural extracts. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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212
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Involvement of Cathepsins in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Periodontitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4517587. [PMID: 32328131 PMCID: PMC7150685 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4517587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious disease whereby the chronic inflammatory process of the periodontium stimulated by bacterial products induces specific host cell responses. The activation of the host cell immune system upregulates the production of inflammatory mediators, comprising cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, which contribute to inflammation and bone destruction. It has been well known that periodontitis is related to systemic inflammation which links to numerous systemic diseases, including diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, periodontitis has been reported in association with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the brain. Regarding immune responses and inflammation, cathepsin B (CatB) plays pivotal role for the induction of IL-1β, cathepsin K- (CatK-) dependent active toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling, and cathepsin S (CatS) which involves in regulating both TLR signaling and maturation of the MHC class II complex. Notably, both the production and proteolytic activities of cathepsins are upregulated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. In the present review, we focus on the roles of cathepsins in the innate and adaptive immune responses within periodontitis. We believe that understanding the roles of cathepsins in the immune responses in periodontitis would help to elucidate the therapeutic strategies of periodontitis, thus benefit for reduction of systemic diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases in the global aging society.
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213
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Dental problems and chronic diseases in mentally ill homeless adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:419. [PMID: 32228526 PMCID: PMC7106680 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental problems (DPs) and physical chronic diseases (CDs) are highly prevalent and incident in people with low socioeconomic status such as homeless individuals. Yet, evidence on the association between DPs and physical CDs in this population is limited. In the present study, we assessed the association between DPs and type and number of CDs in individuals experienced chronic homelessness and serious mental health problems. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data from 575 homeless adults with serious mental health problems participating in the Toronto site of the At Home/Chez Soi randomized controlled trial. Chronic DPs (lasting at least 6 months) were the primary exposure variable. Presence of self-reported CDs, including heart disease, effect of stroke, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, chronic bronchitis/emphysema, stomach or intestinal ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, migraine, thyroid problems, arthritis, kidney/bladder problems, liver disease (other than hepatitis), and iron-deficiency anemia, were the primary outcomes. The total number of CDs was also analyzed as a secondary outcome. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between DPs with each of the studied CDs, and negative binomial regression was used to test the association between DPs with the number of CDs. Results In our 575 homeless participants (68.5% males) with mean age 40.3 (11.8) years, a high proportion had DPs (42.5%). The presence of DPs was positively associated with heart disease (adjusted odds ratio (AOR):4.19,1.67–10.52), diabetes (AOR:2.17,1.13–4.17), chronic bronchitis (AOR:2.34,1.28–4.29), stomach or intestinal ulcer (AOR:3.48,1.80–6.73), inflammatory bowel disease (AOR:2.52,1.38–4.60), migraine (AOR:1.80,1.20–2.72), arthritis (AOR:2.71,1.71–4.29), kidney/bladder problems (AOR:2.43,1.30–4.54), and iron-deficiency anemia (AOR:3.28,1.90–5.65). DPs were also associated with a higher number of CDs (IRR: 1.62,1.38–1.90). Conclusion Dental health problems in homeless individuals with serious mental disorders are associated with several CDs. Dental care should be better integrated into existing social and health programs serving this population to improve their overall health status. The AH/CS study is registered with the International Standard Randomized Control Trial Number Register (ISRCTN42520374).
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214
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Behaviour of Midwives Concerning Periodontal Health of Pregnant Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072246. [PMID: 32230709 PMCID: PMC7177424 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal gum disease is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birthweight. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviour of Australian midwives regarding the periodontal health of pregnant women to inform interprofessional antenatal care. This was an observational, cross-sectional study. We circulated an online questionnaire to Australian midwives from August 2018 to February 2019. Key outcome variables were knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviours related to oral health. Key predictor variables were years of practice, practice location, and dental history. We summarized responses with frequency tables and assigned tallied scores for analysis using non-parametric statistical tests. 100 responses were analysed, including from rural (n = 23) and urban (n = 77) midwives. Eighty percent of midwives agreed that maternal dental care can positively affect pregnancy outcomes. Fluoridated toothpaste use (19.1%) was incorrectly answered to prevent gum disease more often than psychological stress control (7.9%), a correct answer. Rural midwives demonstrated a significantly higher knowledge score (p = 0.001) and significantly more positive practice behaviours towards oral health (p = 0.014) than urban midwives. Australian midwives have positive attitudes towards antenatal oral health but misunderstand gum disease aetiology and prevention. This study highlights areas to improve interprofessional education for optimal oral health and pregnancy outcomes.
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215
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Zhang S, Zhang H, Jin Z, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhu L, Sun W, Yan B. Fucoidan inhibits tooth movement by promoting restorative macrophage polarization through the STAT3 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5938-5950. [PMID: 31967324 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Retention after treatment and effective anchorage control are two essential factors in orthodontics. Our study aimed to explore the effects of fucoidan on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the involvement of macrophages. We established a murine OTM model to test the effect of fucoidan administration. We found that mice injected with fucoidan had a deceleration in OTM and a higher bone mineral density. Moreover, fucoidan increased the proportion of F4/80+ CD206+ macrophages and promoted the messenger RNA expression of Arg-1, CD206, and IL-10 at both in vivo and in vitro levels. In addition, macrophages showed lower expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and a decrease in F4/80+ CD11c+ cells. Mechanistically, the level of phosphorylated STAT3 was elevated in unpolarized and restorative macrophages after treatment with fucoidan. Taken together, our findings suggest that fucoidan treatment inhibits OTM and enhances the stability of teeth after movement by promoting restorative macrophages through the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Işık Y, Telatar GY, Neşelioğlu S, Biçer C, Gürlek B. Evaluation of periodontal status in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in untreated patients of early reproductive age: A case-control study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:459-465. [PMID: 31922343 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM A few studies demonstrated an increased risk of periodontal disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status in women of reproductive age who were recently diagnosed with different phenotypes of PCOS. METHODS This prospectively designed cross-sectional case-control study included 116 consecutive subjects with PCOS and 90 healthy volunteers, aged between 18 and 24, who were admitted to the gynecology polyclinic between April 2018 and December 2018. All subjects of PCOS diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria were subdivided into four phenotypes based on clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic parameters according to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health. The same dentist investigated periodontal parameters including plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing (%), probing depth, clinical attachment loss and the decayed, missing, filled teeth index. RESULTS Probing depth, a periodontal parameter, was higher in all sub-phenotypes of the PCOS group compared to the control group. There was no difference in other periodontal parameters. CONCLUSION Periodontal probing depth, which is an important parameter in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases, was higher in all phenotypic subgroups of PCOS in early reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Işık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Gül Y Telatar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Biçer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beril Gürlek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Cheng R, Wu Z, Li M, Shao M, Hu T. Interleukin-1β is a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis: a narrative review. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:2. [PMID: 31900383 PMCID: PMC6949296 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Shao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Gingival crevicular fluid levels of visfatin in patients with chronic periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2019; 63:87-93. [PMID: 31970132 PMCID: PMC6962584 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2020.63.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently, the association between periodontal diseases and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been established, and it has been revealed that visfatin levels increase in chronic periodontitis (CP) and PCOS. However, there was no study comparing the mean visfatin levels between advanced CP and PCOS. Therefore, the probable role of visfatin linking these diseases remains unknown, and this study was conducted to address this gap. Methods In this age- and weight-matched case-control study (cases with PCOS disease and controls without it), 110 female participants were divided into 4 groups based on clinical findings. The 1st group participants had both PCOS and advanced CP (n=30), 2nd group participants had only PCOS (n=25), 3rd group participants had only advanced CP (n=23), and 4th group comprised of healthy participants (n=32). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to investigate visfatin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Data were collected and analyzed using Stata software (version 11). Results The results revealed the significant effect of both PCOS and advanced CP on visfatin levels in the GCF (P<0.05). Conclusion According to the results of this study, the visfatin level in the GCF could be the probable link of association between PCOS and advanced CP.
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Beydoun HA, Hossain S, Beydoun MA, Weiss J, Zonderman AB, Eid SM. Periodontal disease, sleep duration, and white blood cell markers in the 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. J Periodontol 2019; 91:582-595. [PMID: 31554016 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers are consistently associated with chronic conditions, for which periodontitis and sleep are established risk factors. We examined the relationships between periodontitis, hours of sleep and white blood cell (WBC) markers among a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS Cross-sectional study using existing demographic, examination, laboratory and questionnaire data on 11,813 participants (5,814 men and 5,999 women, mean age ± SE; range: 52.74 ± 0.24; 30 to 80 years) from the 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Unadjusted, sex- and age-adjusted, as well as fully adjusted linear and logistic regression models were conducted in addition to generalized structural equations models, while considering sampling design complexity. β, odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals, indirect effects and mediation proportions were estimated. RESULTS The weighted mean WBC count was 7,130 cells/µL, with the WBC 5-part differential estimated in terms of percentages of lymphocytes (29.50%), monocytes (7.99%), neutrophils (59.03%), eosinophils (2.84%), and basophils (71.88%). Furthermore, 36.2% of participants reported <7 hours of sleep and 49.8% had periodontitis. In fully adjusted models controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics, neither WBC markers nor periodontitis were related to hours of sleep. By contrast, periodontitis was directly related to WBC count and %neutrophils and inversely related to %lymphocytes, especially among men. However, the relationship of periodontitis with %neutrophils and %lymphocytes may be modified by hours of sleep, as it was specific to individuals reporting ≥7 hours of sleep. CONCLUSION Periodontitis may be directly related to WBC count and %neutrophils and inversely related to %lymphocytes, especially among men and individuals reporting ≥7 hours of sleep, with implications for primary and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA
| | - Sharmin Hossain
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Population Studies Center and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shaker M Eid
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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220
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Qiao P, Shi Q, Zhang R, E L, Wang P, Wang J, Liu H. Psoriasis Patients Suffer From Worse Periodontal Status-A Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:212. [PMID: 31632975 PMCID: PMC6779717 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Patients with psoriasis have a significantly elevated risk of periodontitis compared with the nonpsoriasis controls. However, the data regarding the difference in the periodontal health status of the psoriasis patients and the nonpsoriasis controls are limited and inconsistent; hence, a specialized meta-analysis that quantitatively compared the periodontal status between the psoriasis and nonpsoriasis subjects by evaluating the related clinical periodontal indexes was needed. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively evaluate whether the periodontal status of psoriasis patients is worse than that of nonpsoriasis subjects. Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE for all eligible studies that compared the periodontal status between psoriasis patients and nonpsoriasis subjects. The studies were screened based on pre-established inclusion criteria. After extracting the available periodontal indexes from the included studies, the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated by pooling the mean and standard deviations (SD) of each index. Results: In total, 8 studies, including 812 psoriasis patients and 772 nonpsoriasis subjects, were included in our meta-analysis, and the publication dates ranged from 2013 to 2019; eight periodontal indexes were analyzed. The WMD (95% CIs) for each index were: bleeding on probing (%), 9.188 (4.046–14.330, P < 0.001); probing depth (mm), 0.524 (0.183–0.865, P = 0.003); clinical attachment loss (mm), 0.408 (0.051–0.765, P = 0.025); plaque index, 0.186 (−0.170 to 0.543, P = 0.306); gingival index, 0.458 (−0.413 to 1.328, P = 0.303), remaining teeth, −1.709 (−2.106 to −1.312, P < 0.001); missing teeth, 1.130 (0.275–1.985, P = 0.010); the level of alveolar bone loss (mm), 0.400 (0.102–0.698, P = 0.008). Conclusion: In summary, our meta-analysis revealed that psoriasis patients suffer from worse periodontal health than do nonpsoriasis subjects, mainly characterized by worse gingival inflammation, more alveolar bone loss, fewer remaining teeth and more missing teeth. Considering the limitations of this meta-analysis, more high-quality and well-designed studies are needed to validate our conclusions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling E
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peihuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhurakivska K, Troiano G, Caponio VCA, Dioguardi M, Laino L, Maffione AB, Lo Muzio L. Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1029. [PMID: 31456696 PMCID: PMC6700760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nitric Oxide (NO) has a role in immunitary defense, regulation of mucosal blood flow and mucus production, regulation of smooth muscle contraction, cerebral blood flow, glucose regulation, and mitochondrial function. NO can be synthetized endogenously through the L-arginine-NO pathway or it can be absorbed by the human intestine through the dietary intake. Most of the ingested NO is in the form of nitrate (NO3−). NO3− is a substrate of oral and intestinal microbiota and, at the end of the catabolic pathway, NO is released. Using antibacterial mouthwashes leads to an alteration of salivary NO3− metabolism, however, with unclear consequences on the circulating NO levels. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review in order to elucidate if the alterations of oral microbiota lead to modifications in plasma NO content. Methods: Electronic databases were screened, using the following terms: [“oral bacteria” and (nitrate OR nitrite OR nitric)]. Clinical studies reporting NO3− and NO2− measurements in blood and their correlation to oral microbiota variations were included. We focused on the correlation between the changes in oral microbiota and plasma concentrations of nitrites (primary outcome). Subsequently, we investigated if modifications in oral microbiota could lead to changes in blood pressure and salivary NO2− concentration (secondary outcome). Results: Six studies, for a total of 82 participants were included in this review. In four studies, the use of mouthwash correlated to a reduction of plasma nitrite concentration (p < 0.05); Two studies did not find any difference in plasma nitrate or nitrite concentration. In five studies, a correlation between blood pressure (BP) changes and antibacterial mouthwashing emerged. Anyway, only three studies suggested a significant increase of systolic BP following mouthwashing compared with controls. Conclusions: Although, the role of oral bacteria has been unequivocally demonstrated in the regulation of salivary NO3− metabolism, their influence on plasma concentration of NO species remains ambiguous. Further studies with larger sample size are required in order to demonstrate if an alteration in oral microbiota composition may influence the blood content of NO3−/NO2−/NO and all the linked biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Meisel P, Eremenko M, Holtfreter B, Völzke H, Kocher T. The sex paradox in the interplay between periodontitis, obesity, and serum C-reactive protein: Data from a general population. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1365-1373. [PMID: 31343076 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are generally periodontally healthier than men but they exhibit higher systemic levels of inflammatory markers. Our aim is to evaluate whether this paradox may be explained by different ramifications of adiposity or body shape. METHODS In 3,268 subjects from the Study of Health in Pomerania, we determined anthropometric and periodontal parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen as markers of inflammation. Behavioural and environmental risk factors and hand grip strength were assessed as factors interfering with the outcomes in question. We evaluated sex-specific associations of adiposity characteristics and periodontal variables such as probing depth (PD) with CRP and fibrinogen. RESULTS After adjusting for age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), glycated hemoglobin, smoking, education, and grip strength, the opposite sex role of periodontitis and obesity on CRP levels were confirmed. WHR and body mass index (BMI) were associated with CRP in both men and women (P < 0.001). CRP was associated with PD in men (P = 0.001) but not in women (P = 0.11). When adjusted for BMI this association was attenuated in men by 15% (P = 0.002) but in women by 70% (P = 0.58). PD was related to plaque and bleeding on probing (P < 0.001) in both sexes and also to WHR in women (P = 0.026) and men (P = 0.002). BMI attenuated this association in women but not in men. HbA1c contributed significantly to PD in women (P = 0.013) but not in men (P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Systemic CRP concentrations are affected by periodontitis and obesity in men. In women adiposity is more significant than in men overriding the impact of periodontal measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meisel
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Eremenko
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Enax J, Fabritius HO, Fabritius-Vilpoux K, Amaechi BT, Meyer F. Modes of Action and Clinical Efficacy of Particulate Hydroxyapatite in Preventive Oral Health Care − State of the Art. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Particulate Hydroxyapatite (HAP; Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) is being increasingly used as multifunctional active ingredient in oral care. Due to its high similarity to human enamel crystallites, it is considered as a biomimetic agent.Objective:The aim of this narrative review is to identify the modes of action of HAP in preventive oral health care based on published studies. The outcomes are expected to improve the understanding of the effects of HAP in the oral cavity and to provide a knowledge base for future research in the field of biomimetic oral care.Methods:The data analyzed and discussed are primarily based on selected published scientific studies and reviews fromin vivo,in situ, andin vitrostudies on HAP in the field of preventive oral health care. The databases Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed and SciFinder were used for literature search.Results:We identified different modes of action of HAP in the oral cavity. They are mainly based on (I) Physical principles (e.g. attachment of HAP-particles to the tooth surface and cleaning properties), (II) Bio-chemical principles (e.g. source of calcium and phosphate ions under acidic conditions and formation of an interface between HAP-particles and the enamel), and (III) Biological principles (e.g. HAP-particles interacting with microorganisms).Conclusion:Although more mechanistic studies are needed, published data show that HAP has multiple modes of action in the oral cavity. Since the effects address a wide range of oral health problems, HAP is a biomimetic agent with a broad range of applications in preventive oral health care.
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Lin W, Xu H, Wu Y, Wang J, Yuan Q. In silico genome‐wide identification of m6A‐associated SNPs as potential functional variants for periodontitis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:900-908. [PMID: 31245852 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yunshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
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225
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Kang SH, Cho KH, Do JY. Association between periodontitis and cardiometabolic risk: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2014. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214731. [PMID: 30943271 PMCID: PMC6447170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share inflammation as common pathogenesis. Evaluating the association between periodontitis and CVD would be helpful to better understand the pathophysiology and various complications of periodontitis. We aimed to determine whether there is an independent relationship between periodontitis and various CVD risk indicators or prevalence. Patients and methods Our study used representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Finally, data from 26,097 participants were used for analysis. Periodontitis was defined as a community periodontal index (CPI) ≥3. Participants were classified into 3 groups according to CPI score: Non-PO (participants without periodontitis, CPI score <3), NS-PO (participants with non-severe periodontitis, CPI score = 3), and Severe PO (participants with severe periodontitis, CPI score = 4). Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated based on metabolic syndrome, future CVD risk, and prevalent CVD. Prevalent CVD was defined as participants with cerebrovascular accidents and/or coronary artery disease. Framingham risk score (FRS) was calculated in participants without prevalent CVD. Results The numbers of participants in Non-PO, NS-PO, and Severe PO groups were 17,237, 6,738, and 2,122, respectively. The proportions of participants with high FRS and/or prevalent CVD increased as the severity of periodontitis increased. In participants without prevalent CVD, the FRS according to severity of periodontitis increased in both univariate and multivariate analyses as the severity of periodontitis increased. Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio for metabolic syndrome increased as the severity of periodontitis increased on univariate analysis and that the presence of periodontitis was associated with a higher odds ratio for metabolic syndrome on multivariate analysis. Trends for prevalent CVD were similar to those of metabolic syndrome. For participants without prevalent CVD, the odds ratio for high FRS increased as the severity of periodontitis increased in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Subgroup analyses according to sex and age showed similar trends. Conclusion Periodontitis was associated with CVD in the Korean population. Therefore, those with periodontitis, especially young adults with severe periodontitis, may be closely monitored for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hui Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyang Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Do
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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226
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Araújo AAD, Morais HBD, Medeiros CACXD, Brito GADC, Guedes PMM, Hiyari S, Pirih FQ, Araújo Júnior RFD. Gliclazide reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and bone loss in an experimental periodontal disease model. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180211. [PMID: 30810635 PMCID: PMC6382321 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gliclazide on oxidative stress, inflammation, and bone loss in an experimental periodontal disease model. Material and Methods Male albino Wistar rats were divided into no ligature, ligature, and ligature with 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg gliclazide groups. Maxillae were fixed and scanned using micro-computed tomography to quantify linear and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and volumetric bone loss. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to examine matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), cathepsin K, members of the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (RANK), osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), NFKB p 50 (Cytoplasm), NFKB p50 NLS (nuclear localization signal), PI3 kinase and AKT staining. Myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, while interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were evaluated by spectroscopic ultraviolet-visible analysis. A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the gene expression of the nuclear factor kappa B p50 subunit (NF-κB p50), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3k), protein kinase B (AKT), and F4/80. Results Micro-computed tomography showed that the 1 mg/kg gliclazide treatment reduced linear bone loss compared to the ligature, 5 mg/kg gliclazide, and 10 mg/kg gliclazide treatments. All concentrations of gliclazide increased bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) compared to the ligature group. Treatment with 1 mg/kg gliclazide reduced myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels (p≤0.05), and resulted in weak staining for COX-2, cathepsin k, MMP-2, RANK, RANKL, SOD-1, GPx-1,MIF and PI3k. In addition, down-regulation of NF-κB p50, PI3k, AKT, and F4/80 were observed, and OPG staining was strong after the 1 mg/kg gliclazide treatment. Conclusions This treatment decreased neutrophil and macrophage migration, decreased the inflammatory response, and decreased bone loss in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Helicarlos Batista de Morais
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Caroline Adisson Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação RENORBIO, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Sarah Hiyari
- University of California, School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Flávia Q Pirih
- University of California, School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Morfologia, Porgrama de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Funcional e Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
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227
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Mitochondrial abnormalities are involved in periodontal ligament fibroblast apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:483-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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228
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Donley TG. Time to put periodontal disease on the list of chronic inflammatory diseases contributing to premature atherosclerosis. CMAJ 2019; 191:E52. [PMID: 30642827 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.71062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Donley
- Periodontist, Bowling Green, Ky.; member of the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY
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229
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Ebersole JL, Orraca L, Novak MJ, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Gonzalez OA. Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns for Oral Epithelium-Related Functions with Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1197:143-163. [PMID: 31732940 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells and functions of the epithelium are critical to the health of the oral cavity. We used a nonhuman primate model to profile the transcriptome of gingival tissues in health across the lifespan and hypothesized that in older animals, epithelial-related transcriptome patterns would reflect epithelial cells that are aggressively responsive to the surrounding environment and less able to modulate and resolve the noxious challenge from the bacteria. Rhesus monkeys (n = 34) with a healthy periodontium were distributed into four groups: ≤3 years (young), 3-7 years (adolescent), 12-16 years (adult), and 18-23 years (aged), and a buccal gingival sample from the premolar/molar region of each animal was obtained. RNA was subjected to a microarray analysis (GeneChip® Rhesus Macaque Genome Array, Affymetrix), and 336 genes examined that are linked to epithelium and epithelial cell functions categorized into 9 broad functional groups: extracellular matrix and cell structure; extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes; cell adhesion molecules, cytoskeleton regulation; inflammatory response; growth factors; kinases/cell signaling; cell surface receptors; junction associated molecules; autophagy/apoptosis; antimicrobial peptides; and transcription factors. Total of 255 genes displayed a normalized signal >100, and differences across the age groups were observed primarily in extracellular matrix and cell structure, cell adhesion molecules, and cell surface receptor gene categories with elevations in the aged tissues. Keratins 2, 5, 6B, 13, 16, 17 were all significantly increased in healthy-aged tissues versus adults, and keratins 1 and 2 were significantly decreased in young animals. Approximately 15 integrins are highly expressed in the gingival tissues across the age groups with only ITGA8, ITGAM (CD11b), and ITGB2 significantly increased in the aged tissues. Little impact of aging on desmosomal/hemidesmosomal genes was noted. These results suggest that healthy gingival aging has a relatively limited impact on the broader functions of the epithelium and epithelial cells, with some effects on genes for extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules (e.g., integrins). Thus, while there is a substantial impact of aging on immune system targets even in healthy gingiva, it appears that the epithelial barrier remains reasonably molecularly intact in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - L Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - M J Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, University College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, University College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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230
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Arias-Bujanda N, Regueira-Iglesias A, Alonso-Sampedro M, González-Peteiro MM, Mira A, Balsa-Castro C, Tomás I. Cytokine Thresholds in Gingival Crevicular Fluid with Potential Diagnosis of Chronic Periodontitis Differentiating by Smoking Status. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18003. [PMID: 30573746 PMCID: PMC6301951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine cytokine thresholds derived from predictive models for the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, differentiating by smoking status. Seventy-five periodontally healthy controls and 75 subjects affected by chronic periodontitis were recruited. Sixteen mediators were measured in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using multiplexed bead immunoassays. The models were obtained using binary logistic regression, distinguishing between non-smokers and smokers. The area under the curve (AUC) and numerous classification measures were obtained. Model curves were constructed graphically and the cytokine thresholds calculated for the values of maximum accuracy (ACC). There were three cytokine-based models and three cytokine ratio-based models, which presented with a bias-corrected AUC > 0.91 and > 0.83, respectively. These models were (cytokine thresholds in pg/ml for the median ACC using bootstrapping for smokers and non-smokers): IL1alpha (46099 and 65644); IL1beta (4732 and 5827); IL17A (11.03 and 17.13); IL1alpha/IL2 (4210 and 7118); IL1beta/IL2 (260 and 628); and IL17A/IL2 (0.810 and 1.919). IL1alpha, IL1beta and IL17A, and their ratios with IL2, are excellent diagnostic biomarkers in GCF for distinguishing periodontitis patients from periodontally healthy individuals. Cytokine thresholds in GCF with diagnostic potential are defined, showing that smokers have lower threshold values than non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arias-Bujanda
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - A Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - M Alonso-Sampedro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - M M González-Peteiro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - A Mira
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - I Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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231
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Ebersole JL, Lambert J, Bush H, Huja PE, Basu A. Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1986. [PMID: 30558282 PMCID: PMC6316450 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease damages tissues as a result of dysregulated host responses against the chronic bacterial biofilm insult and approximately 50% of US adults >30 years old exhibit periodontitis. The association of five blood nutrients and periodontitis were evaluated due to our previous findings regarding a potential protective effect for these nutrients in periodontal disease derived from the US population sampled as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999⁻2004). Data from over 15,000 subjects was analyzed for blood levels of cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E, linked with analysis of the presence and severity of periodontitis. Moderate/severe disease patients had lower cis-β-carotene levels across all racial/ethnic groups and these decreased levels in moderate/severe periodontitis were exacerbated with age. β-cryptoxanthin demonstrated lower levels in severe disease patients across the entire age range in all racial/ethnic groups. Folate differences were evident across the various age groups with consistently lower levels in periodontitis patients >30 years and most pronounced in females. Lower levels of vitamin D were consistently noted across the entire age range of patients with a greater difference seen in females with periodontitis. Finally, an analytical approach to identify interactions among these nutrients related to age and periodontitis showed interactions of vitamin D in females, and folate with race in the population. These findings suggest that improving specific nutrient intake leading to elevated blood levels of a combination of these protective factors may provide a novel strategy to affect the significant increase in periodontitis that occurs with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, B221, MS 7425, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
| | - Joshua Lambert
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Pinar Emecen Huja
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
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232
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Cytokine levels in crevicular fluid associated with compliance during periodontal maintenance therapy. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3517-3526. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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233
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Pereira LC, Nascimento JCR, Rêgo JMC, Canuto KM, Crespo-Lopez ME, Alvarez-Leite JI, Baysan A, Oriá RB. Apolipoprotein E, periodontal disease and the risk for atherosclerosis: a review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:204-212. [PMID: 30503976 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The association between cardiovascular and periodontal diseases is characterized by chronic inflammatory processes, with a high prevalence worldwide and complex genetic-environment interactions. Although apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), one of the isoforms coded by a polymorphic APOE gene, has been widely recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and as an immunoinflammatory factor, less is known regarding how ApoE4 affects atherosclerosis in periodontitis patients. The aim of this review was to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms related to APOE4 that could increase the risk of periodontal disease and, ultimately, of atherosclerosis. There have only been a few studies addressing apoE polymorphisms in patients with chronic periodontitis. To date, no studies have been performed that have assessed how ApoE4 affects atherosclerotic disease in chronic periodontitis patients. Although clinical studies are warranted, experimental studies have consistently documented the presence of periodontal pathogens, which are usually found in the oral cavity and saliva, in the atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE-deficient mice. In addition, in this review, the potential role of the APOE4 allele as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy during human evolution and its relation to oral health is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Pereira
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J C R Nascimento
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J M C Rêgo
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - K M Canuto
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M E Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - J I Alvarez-Leite
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A Baysan
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - R B Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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234
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Qiao W, Wang F, Xu X, Wang S, Regenstein JM, Bao B, Ma M. Egg yolk immunoglobulin interactions with Porphyromonas gingivalis to impact periodontal inflammation and halitosis. AMB Express 2018; 8:176. [PMID: 30374625 PMCID: PMC6206315 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the subgingival region of gums. These bacteria can invade periodontal tissues, form plaques, and produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) that was specifically produced in egg yolks after chickens were challenged with P. gingivalis could control and prevent oral diseases caused by P. gingivalis. The releases of P. gingivalis offensive metabolic odors in vitro and in vivo were determined using a Halimeter and GCMS. With IgY bacterial growth was inhibited, and the relative amounts of VOC and VSC were decreased. The scores for the oral health index and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α are also decreased. All treatment groups showed significant anti-inflammatory effects, which strongly suggests that specifically IgY against P. gingivalis may be an effective treatment for the prevention and protection of periodontal inflammation and halitosis.
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235
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Hou T, Li S, Zhang G, Li Y. High-fluence low-power laser irradiation promotes odontogenesis and inflammation resolution in periodontitis by enhancing stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2107-2119. [PMID: 30085334 PMCID: PMC6108882 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis can exert a severe impact on the life of patients, and the use of stem cell therapy for this disease is promising. The inflammatory response consequent to periodontitis can promote stem cell proliferation. Activated inflammation triggers inhibitory cytokine secretion, thus reducing inflammation subsequent to stem cell activation. High-fluence low-power laser irradiation (HF-LPLI) has the ability to regulate stem cell function through its effect on inflammation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine whether HF-LPLI is able to activate stem cells to promote regeneration in periodontitis by promoting inflammation resolution, as well as to evaluate the underlying mechanism of action if an effect is observed. Stem cells were treated with HF-LPLI following inflammation activation. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and EdU assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation and differentiation. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were also used to detect the ability of HF-LPLI to regulate the surrounding inflammatory environment. Animal models of periodontal disease were treated with stem cells and HF-LPLI, and regeneration was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and in vivo imaging. It was observed that HF-LPLI promoted inflammation resolution by reducing the excessive inflammatory response, and finally stimulated stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo results revealed that stem cells treated with HF-LPLI induced bone regeneration. HF-LPLI stimulated stem cell proliferation and differentiation by promoting inflammation resolution subsequent to stem cell activation, providing a new strategy for the clinical treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Hou
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Shanyong Li
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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236
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Yang S, Zhao LS, Cai C, Shi Q, Wen N, Xu J. Association between periodontitis and peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:141. [PMID: 29980169 PMCID: PMC6035462 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a common feature of both peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and periodontitis. Some studies have evaluated the association between PAD and periodontitis. However, there is still no specialized meta-analysis that has quantitatively assessed the strength of the association. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to critically assess the strength of the association between PAD and periodontitis. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies of the association between periodontitis and PAD in February 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from included studies were pooled to evaluate the strength of the association between periodontitis and PAD. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% CIs were pooled to compare the difference in periodontal-related parameters between PAD and non-PAD patients. Results Seven studies including a total of 4307 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the risk of periodontitis between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (RR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.25–2.29, P = 0.01). There was also a significant difference in number of missing teeth between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (WMD = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.31–6.19, P = 0.003). No significant difference was found in clinical attachment loss between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (WMD = − 0.05, 95% CI = − 0.03–0.19, P = 0.686). Conclusion In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between periodontitis and PAD. Moreover, our study indicated that PAD patients had more missing teeth than control subjects did. Further high-quality and well-designed studies with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria are required to strengthen the conclusions of this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0879-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Sheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chuan Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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237
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Albuquerque BN, Araújo MM, Silva TA, Cota LOM, Cortelli SC, Costa FO. Periodontal Condition and Immunological Aspects of Individuals Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:301-308. [PMID: 29972458 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on the clinical and immunological periodontal status of intensive care unit (ICU) in-patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal condition among ICU in-patients through clinical and immunological periodontal parameters. From the sample of 373 hospitalized ICU patients, 182 were submitted' to a thorough clinical periodontal and immunological evaluation. Data on bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were collected and gingival sulcular fluid samples were quantified through ELISA on IL-1, IL-6, and MMP-2 for immunological evaluation. Data was statistically analyzed by Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney tests, and Sperman's correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A high dental plaque index and a high prevalence of periodontitis (48.3%), mostly in moderate and localized chronic form, were observed. Individuals with periodontitis presented higher levels of IL-1 and MMP-2, while individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and individuals with two or more systemic diseases (MSD) presented higher levels of IL-1; diabetes mellitus (DM) and MSD individuals presented higher levels of IL-6. A positive association was found between the severity of periodontitis and CVD (OR 2.2; CI = 1.11-4.42). This study reported a 48.3% of the prevalence of periodontitis in ICU patients and a positive association between the severity of periodontitis and CVD. Additionally, higher levels of IL-1 and MMP-2 were found in individuals with periodontitis, higher levels of IL-6 were found in individuals with DM, and higher levels of IL-1 were found in individuals with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
- UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,UNITAU - Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
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238
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Association of TNF-α-308(G/A) and -238(G/A) polymorphisms with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head risks: a meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018. [PMID: 29516236 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-3859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between TNF-α-308(G/A) and -238(G/A) polymorphisms and the susceptibility of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) was investigated in many studies with conflicting results. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between them comprehensively. METHODS Relevant literatures published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ) updated to January 30, 2018, were reviewed by two investigators independently. Odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by a fixed-effect model based on the indistinctive heterogeneity. RESULTS For TNF-α-308(G/A) polymorphism, we recruited five studies including 432 NONFH patients and 760 controls and a statistically significant association was identified in Asians in four modes consisting of alleles mode (OR = 0.648, 95% CI 0.475-0.885), homozygote mode (OR = 0.330, 95% CI 0.136-0.802), dominant mode (OR = 0.344, 95% CI 0.143-0.827), and recessive mode (OR = 0.674, 95% CI 0.468-0.971), but no significant association was observed in Caucasians. For TNF-α-238(G/A) polymorphism, three eligible studies including 275 cases and 610 controls were evaluated and there was a significant association in alleles mode (OR = 0.270, 95% CI 0.4148-0.490) as well as recessive mode (OR = 0.254, 95% CI 0.138-0.468). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows that TNF-α-308(G/A) and -238(G/A) polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of NONFH, while the significant association for 308(G/A) is mainly observed in Asians.
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