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Niclosamide blocks glucagon phosphorylation of Ser552 on β-catenin in primary rat hepatocytes via PKA signalling. Biochem J 2016; 473:1247-55. [PMID: 26964897 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been found that glucagon is able to activate the β-catenin signalling pathway leading to increased cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression in liver. Therefore the main aim of the present study is to determine whether the effect of glucagon activating β-catenin signalling leading to increased target gene expression is mediated through cAMP activation of PKA (protein kinase A). Primary rat hepatocytes were incubated with insulin, glucagon or adrenaline (epinephrine) and a range of inhibitors of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), Wnt, mitochondrial uncoupler (niclosamide) or PKA inhibitors to dissect out the pathway leading to increased Ser(552) phosphorylation on β-catenin following glucagon exposure. In primary rat hepatocytes, we found that short exposure to glucagon or adrenaline caused a rapid increase in Ser(552) phosphorylation on β-catenin that leads to increased cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression. A range of PI3K and Wnt inhibitors were unable to block the effect of glucagon phosphorylating β-catenin. Interestingly, both niclosamide and the PKA inhibitor H89 blocked the glucagon effect on β-catenin signalling, leading to a reduction in target gene expression. Likewise, niclosamide inhibited cAMP levels and the direct addition of db-cAMP (dibutyryl-cAMP sodium salt) also resulted in Ser(552) phosphorylation of β-catenin. We have identified a new pathway via glucagon signalling that leads to increased β-catenin activity that can be reversed with the antihelminthic drug niclosamide, which has recently shown promise as a potential treatment of T2D (Type 2 diabetes). This novel finding could be useful in liver cancer treatment, particularly in the context of T2D with increased β-catenin activity.
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202
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Zhang D, Fei Q, Li J, Zhang C, Sun Y, Zhu C, Wang F, Sun Y. 2-Deoxyglucose Reverses the Promoting Effect of Insulin on Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151115. [PMID: 26939025 PMCID: PMC4777557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased risk of colorectal cancer is related to the development of metabolic syndromes including hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. The high circulatory levels of glucose and/or insulin or the application of exogenous insulin may promote carcinogenesis, cancer progression and metastasis, which can be attributed to the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis. We attempted to resolve these existing questions by applying the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). According to the in vitro studies we performed, the glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells could be interrupted by 2DG as it decreased the cellular productions of ATP and lactate. In addition, 2DG induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells. Since insulin can stimulate the cellular uptake of hexose, including 2DG, the combination of 2DG and insulin improved the cytotoxicity of 2DG and meanwhile overcame the cancer-promoting effects of insulin. This in vitro study provided a viewpoint of 2DG as a potential therapeutic agent against colorectal cancer, especially for patients with concomitant hyperinsulinemia or treated with exogenous insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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203
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Gly972Arg variant of insulin receptor substrate 1 gene and colorectal cancer risk in overweight/obese subjects. Int J Biol Markers 2016; 31:e68-72. [PMID: 26349669 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the major role of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in colorectal cancer (CRC), we investigated whether genetic variants in ghrelin (GHRL), resistin (RETN) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) were associated with CRC risk. METHODS This study was conducted as a case-control study, and 750 subjects, including 438 controls and 312 patients with CRC, were enrolled and genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS No significant differences were observed for GHRL (rs696217), RETN (rs3745367) and IRS1 (rs1801278, Gly972Arg or G972R) gene variants between the cases and controls. However, the IRS1 G972R R allele compared with the G allele and the G972R RR+GR genotype compared with the GG genotype appeared to be markers of decreased CRC susceptibility in the overweight/obese subjects (p = 0.024; odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.20-0.91; and p = 0.048; OR = 0.42, 95% CI, 0.17-0.99, respectively). Furthermore, the R allele and RR+GR genotype were also associated with decreased risks for obesity in the patients with CRC (p = 0.007; OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.15-0.77; and p = 0.015; OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.15-0.72, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In accordance with previous studies, our findings suggest that the IRS1 G972R R allele and RR+GR genotype have protective effects for CRC in overweight/obese patients and for obesity in patients with CRC. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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The Activation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK Signaling by Insulin/IGF-1 Is Responsible for the Development of Colon Cancer with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149822. [PMID: 26901856 PMCID: PMC4763097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to increased risk of developing colon cancer. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are increased in patients with T2DM. The increased insulin and IGF-1 may be responsible for the developing of colon cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of insulin and IGF-1 in colon cancer development in vitro and in vivo. Insulin and IGF-1 alone or together elevated proliferation and reduced apoptosis in colon cancer MC38 cells. Meanwhile, insulin and IGF-1 promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Treatment with ERK1/2 or JNK inhibitor in the presence of insulin and IGF-1 significantly decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and increased Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression and finally increased apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation. Accelerative colon tumor growth was found in a mouse model of T2DM with db/db mice which got high level of endogenous insulin and IGF-1. Furthermore, the inhibition of ERK1/2 or JNK suppressed the development of colon tumor in vivo. These results suggest that the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK signaling by insulin and IGF-1, at least in part, is responsible for the development of colon cancer with T2DM.
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205
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Huang TH, Ables GP. Dietary restrictions, bone density, and bone quality. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1363:26-39. [PMID: 26881697 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), protein restriction (PR), and specific amino acid restriction (e.g., methionine restriction (MR)) are different dietary interventions that have been confirmed with regard to their comprehensive benefits to metabolism and health. Based on bone densitometric measurements, weight loss induced by dietary restriction is known to be accompanied by reduced areal bone mineral density, bone mass, and/or bone size, and it is considered harmful to bone health. However, because of technological advancements in bone densitometric instruments (e.g., high-resolution X-ray tomography), dietary restrictions have been found to cause a reduction in bone mass/size rather than volumetric bone mineral density. Furthermore, when considering bone quality, bone health consists of diverse indices that cannot be fully represented by densitometric measurements alone. Indeed, there is evidence that moderate dietary restrictions do not impair intrinsic bone material properties, despite the reduction in whole-bone strength because of a smaller bone size. In the present review, we integrate research evidence from traditional densitometric measurements, metabolic status assays (e.g., energy metabolism, oxidative stresses, and inflammatory responses), and biomaterial analyses to provide revised conclusions regarding the effects of CR, PR, and MR on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsang-hai Huang
- Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition and Bone Biology, Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gene P Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, New York
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206
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Ye Y, Wu Y, Xu J, Ding K, Shan X, Xia D. Association between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index and glycemic load, and risk of gastric cancer. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1169-1177. [PMID: 26873099 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and risk of gastric cancer (GC) has been investigated by many studies. However, the results of these studies were controversial. The aim of our study was to systematically assess this issue. METHODS PUBMED and EMBASE were searched up to March 2015, and either a fixed- or a random-effects model was adopted to estimate overall relative risks (RRs). Dose-response, meta-regression, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were applied. RESULTS Twenty-six studies with approximately 540,000 participants were finally included in this meta-analysis. High level of dietary carbohydrate intake (pooled RR 1.17, 95 % CI 0.91-1.50), GI (pooled RR 1.17, 95 % CI 0.80-1.69), and GL (pooled RR 1.06, 95 % CI 0.90-1.26) were all nonsignificantly associated with incidence of GC. In addition, no significant dose-response relationship was observed between carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, and the risk of GC. However, further subgroup analyses based on gender and geographic region suggested a significant association between higher carbohydrate intake (pooled RR 1.52, 95 % CI 1.10-2.08), GL (pooled RR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.04-1.92), and GC risk in males subgroup, and between higher carbohydrate intake (pooled RR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.36-2.09) and GC risk in Asian studies. CONCLUSIONS No significant association was found between dietary carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, and risk of GC. However, significantly positive association was observed in the males subgroup and Asian studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ye
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinming Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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207
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Cardiopulmonary fitness, adiponectin, chemerin associated fasting insulin level in colorectal cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:2927-35. [PMID: 26847448 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since circulating level of insulin is associated with colorectal cancer prognosis, it is important to identify factors contributing to fasting insulin level in colorectal cancer patients. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the association of physical fitness, adiponectin, and chemerin levels with circulating level of insulin in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS A total of 123 stage II-III colorectal cancer patients who completed standard cancer treatment were recruited. Anthropometric characteristics, fitness measurements, fasting insulin level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and adiponectin and chemerin levels were analyzed. RESULT Cardiopulmonary fitness level inversely associated with fasting insulin levels (the least fit (1st tertile): 8.11 ± 0.64, moderately fit (2nd tertile): 6.02 ± 0.63, and highly fit (3rd tertile): 5.58 ± 0.66 μU/ml, unfit vs. moderately fit, p < 0.01; unfit vs. highly fit, p < 0.05) after adjustment for gender, age, stage, and BMI. In addition, fasting adiponectin and chemerin levels were associated with fasting insulin levels after adjustment for gender, age, stage, and BMI. In our combined analyses, participants with high adiponectin and low chemerin levels showed significantly lower fasting insulin levels (4.92 ± 0.75 vs. 8.07 ± 0.80 μU/ml, p < 0.01) compared with participants with low adiponectin and high chemerin levels. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that cardiopulmonary fitness and adiponectin levels (β = -0.299, p = 0.002; β = -0.201, p = 0.033) were independently associated with fasting insulin level. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that physical fitness and adiponectin and chemerin levels may contribute to circulating levels of insulin. These results suggest that exercise may influence the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients by influencing physical fitness level, circulating levels of adiponectin and chemerin.
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208
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Luo S, Li JY, Zhao LN, Yu T, Zhong W, Xia ZS, Shan TD, Ouyang H, Yang HS, Chen QK. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of colorectal neoplasia: An updated meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:110-23. [PMID: 26162991 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies proved that patients with diabetes were at significantly higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, the association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of colorectal adenoma remains undefined. Thus we conducted an updated meta-analysis to identify the association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of colorectal neoplasia including adenoma and cancer. METHODS We conducted a search in databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE Databases, Cochrane CENTRAL, Wanfang Data, and CNKI database. Case-control and cohort studies were included. All articles were published before January 2015 and the quality of each study was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each study were calculated and summary relative risk estimates with corresponding 95% CIs were generated using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles including ten case-control studies and nineteen cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. In a pooled analysis of all studies, diabetes mellitus was associated with increased risk of colorectal neoplasia (RR=1.35, 95% CI=1.28-1.42). The risk increased significantly for both colorectal cancer (RR=1.37, 95% CI=1.30-1.45) and adenoma (RR=1.26, 95% CI=1.11-1.44). Subgroup analyses on study design, gender, geographical region, and type of diabetes mellitus further evidenced these findings. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia. Not only the increased risk of colorectal cancer but also the higher risk of adenoma was identified in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Luo
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yao Li
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- Department of gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wa Zhong
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Xia
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Sheng Yang
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Kui Chen
- Department of gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Akbari V, Hendijani F, Feizi A, Varshosaz J, Fakhari Z, Morshedi S, Mostafavi SA. Efficacy and safety of oral insulin compared to subcutaneous insulin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:215-25. [PMID: 26105973 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of oral insulin versus subcutaneous (SC) insulin in diabetic patients. METHODS Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Two independent reviewers evaluated studies for eligibility and quality and extracted the data. The primary outcomes were fasting blood glucose (FBG), 1h and 2h postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, AUC of insulin, C max and T max of insulin, and T max of glucose infusion rate. Secondary outcomes were adverse events. RESULTS Eleven studies (n = 373) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses showed that there is no significant difference between oral and SC insulin in controlling HbA1c, FBG, 1 and 2 h postprandial blood glucose and producing C max of insulin (P > 0.05); however oral insulin had faster action as indicated by the shorter T max, compared to SC insulin (P < 0.05). The most included studies were varied in their methodological quality. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that oral insulin is comparable to SC insulin with regard to glycemic efficacy and safety. However, is necessary to conduct additional studies in which oral insulin administered to large number of patients for long enough periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - F Hendijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - J Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Z Fakhari
- Student Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Morshedi
- Student Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S A Mostafavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran.
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210
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Schaff MS, Mydlo JH. Prostate Cancer and Other Primary Malignancies. Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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211
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Nimptsch K, Pischon T. Obesity Biomarkers, Metabolism and Risk of Cancer: An Epidemiological Perspective. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 208:199-217. [PMID: 27909909 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42542-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic alterations that may pose a biological link between body fatness and risk of cancer. Elucidating the role of obesity-related biomarkers in cancer development is essential for developing targeted strategies aiming at obesity-associated cancer prevention. Molecular epidemiological studies of the past decades have provided evidence that major hormonal pathways linking obesity and cancer risk include the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis, sex-steroid hormones, adipokines and chronic low-grade inflammation. These pathways are interrelated with each other, and their importance varies by obesity-related cancer type. The insulin/IGF-1 axis has been implicated to play an important mediating role in the association between obesity and risk of pancreatic, colorectal and prostate cancer. Endogenous sex-steroid hormone concentrations, in particular obesity-associated pre-diagnostic elevations of estrogens and androgens, play an important role in postmenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer development. The adipokines adiponectin and leptin and adipocyte-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation represented by the acute-phase C-reactive protein may explain a substantial part of the association between obesity and risk of colorectal cancer. There is less evidence on whether these hormonal pathways play a mediating role in other obesity-associated types of cancer. In this chapter, the molecular epidemiologic evidence from prospective studies relating circulating obesity-related biomarkers to cancer risk is summarized, taking into account available evidence from Mendelian Randomization investigations aiming at improving causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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212
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Keum N, Cao Y, Oh H, Smith-Warner SA, Orav J, Wu K, Fuchs CS, Cho E, Giovannucci EL. Sedentary behaviors and light-intensity activities in relation to colorectal cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2109-17. [PMID: 26649988 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A recent meta-analysis found that sedentary behaviors are associated with an increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Yet, the finding on TV viewing time, the most widely used surrogate of sedentary behaviors, was based on only two studies. Furthermore, light-intensity activities (e.g., standing and slow walking), non-sedentary by posture but close to sedentary behaviors by Metabolic Equivalent Task values, have not been investigated in relation to CRC risk. Thus, we prospectively analyzed the relationships based on 69,715 women from Nurses' Health Study (1992-2010) and 36,806 men from Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1988 - 2010). Throughout follow-up, time spent on sedentary behaviors including sitting watching TV and on light-intensity activities were assessed repeatedly; incidence of CRC was ascertained. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models from each cohort. A total of 1,119 and 913 incident cases were documented from women and men, respectively. The multivariable HR comparing ≥ 21 versus < 7 hr/week of sitting watching TV was 1.21 (95% CI = 1.02 to 1.43, ptrend =.01) in women and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.84 to 1.34, ptrend =.93) in men. In women, those highly sedentary and physically less active had an approximately 41% elevated risk of CRC (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.92) compared with those less sedentary and physically more active. The other sedentary behaviors and light-intensity activities were not related to CRC risk in women or men. In conclusion, we found that prolonged sitting time watching TV was associated with an increased CRC risk in women but not in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Hannah Oh
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - John Orav
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA.,Department of Dermatology, the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Dermatology, the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Hang J, Cai B, Xue P, Wang L, Hu H, Zhou Y, Ren S, Wu J, Zhu M, Chen D, Yang H, Wang L. The Joint Effects of Lifestyle Factors and Comorbidities on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Large Chinese Retrospective Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143696. [PMID: 26710070 PMCID: PMC4692389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. In previous epidemiologic studies, the respective correlation between lifestyle factors and comorbidity and CRC has been extensively studied. However, little is known about their joint effects on CRC. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 1,144 diagnosed CRC patients and 60,549 community controls. A structured questionnaire was administered to the participants about their socio-demographic factors, anthropometric measures, comorbidity history and lifestyle factors. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for each factor. According to the results from logistic regression model, we further developed healthy lifestyle index (HLI) and comorbidity history index (CHI) to investigate their independent and joint effects on CRC risk. Results Four lifestyle factors (including physical activities, sleep, red meat and vegetable consumption) and four types of comorbidity (including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, history of inflammatory bowel disease and polyps) were found to be independently associated with the risk of CRC in multivariant logistic regression model. Intriguingly, their combined pattern- HLI and CHI demonstrated significant correlation with CRC risk independently (ORHLI: 3.91, 95%CI: 3.13–4.88; ORCHI: 2.49, 95%CI: 2.11–2.93) and jointly (OR: 10.33, 95%CI: 6.59–16.18). Conclusions There are synergistic effects of lifestyle factors and comorbidity on the risk of colorectal cancer in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Binxin Cai
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Ren
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiying Zhu
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (LWW)
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (LWW)
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214
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Tayyem RF, Bawadi HA, Shehadah I, Agraib LM, Al-Awwad NJ, Heath DD, Bani-Hani KE. Consumption of Whole Grains, Refined Cereals, and Legumes and Its Association With Colorectal Cancer Among Jordanians. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 15:318-25. [PMID: 26631260 PMCID: PMC5739185 DOI: 10.1177/1534735415620010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The role of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes in preventing or initiating colorectal cancer (CRC) is still uncertain. The aim of this study is to examine the possible association between the consumption of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes and the risk of developing CRC among Jordanian population. Methods. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary data with regard to intake of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes. A total of 220 diagnosed CRC participants and 281 CRC-free control participants matched by age, gender, occupation, and marital status were recruited. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of developing CRC in relation to the consumption of different types of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes. Results. The odds ratio (OR) for developing CRC among cases consumed refined wheat bread at all meals was 3.1 compared with controls (95% CI: 1.2-7.9, P-Trend = 0.001); whereas the OR associated with whole wheat bread was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.22-0.92, P-Trend = 0.001). The statistical evaluation for daily consumption of rice suggested a direct association with the risk of developing CRC, OR = 3.0 (95% CI: 0.27-33.4, P-Trend = 0.020). Weekly consumption of macaroni was associated with CRC with OR of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1-5.3, P-Trend = 0.001). The consumption of corn, bulgur, lentils, and peas suggested a protective trend, although the trend was not statistically significant. Conclusion. This study provides additional indicators of the protective role of whole grains and suggests a direct association between consumption of refined grains and higher possibility for developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis D Heath
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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215
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Glass K, Girvan M. Finding New Order in Biological Functions from the Network Structure of Gene Annotations. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004565. [PMID: 26588252 PMCID: PMC4654495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gene Ontology (GO) provides biologists with a controlled terminology that describes how genes are associated with functions and how functional terms are related to one another. These term-term relationships encode how scientists conceive the organization of biological functions, and they take the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Here, we propose that the network structure of gene-term annotations made using GO can be employed to establish an alternative approach for grouping functional terms that captures intrinsic functional relationships that are not evident in the hierarchical structure established in the GO DAG. Instead of relying on an externally defined organization for biological functions, our approach connects biological functions together if they are performed by the same genes, as indicated in a compendium of gene annotation data from numerous different sources. We show that grouping terms by this alternate scheme provides a new framework with which to describe and predict the functions of experimentally identified sets of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Glass
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Girvan
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
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216
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Hanyuda A, Kim SA, Martinez-Fernandez A, Qian ZR, Yamauchi M, Nishihara R, Morikawa T, Liao X, Inamura K, Mima K, Cao Y, Zhang X, Wu K, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Shivdasani RA, Ogino S. Survival Benefit of Exercise Differs by Tumor IRS1 Expression Status in Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:908-17. [PMID: 26577117 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level physical activity is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, likely through insulin sensitization. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a mediator of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways, and its down-regulation is associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, we hypothesized that tumor IRS1 expression status might modify cellular sensitivity to insulin and IGF, and the prognostic association of physical activity. METHODS We assessed IRS1 expression level in 371 stage I-III rectal and colon cancers in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study by immunohistochemistry. In survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess an interaction between post-diagnosis physical activity (ordinal scale of sex-specific quartiles Q1 to Q4) and IRS1 expression (ordinal scale of negative, low, and high), controlling for potential confounders, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation level, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutation status. RESULTS There was a statistically significant interaction between post-diagnosis physical activity and tumor IRS1 expression in CRC-specific mortality analysis (P interaction = 0.005). Multivariable hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for higher post-diagnosis physical activity (Q3-Q4 vs. Q1-Q2) was 0.15 (0.02-1.38) in the IRS1-negative group, 0.45 (0.19-1.03) in the IRS1-low group, and 1.32 (0.50-3.53) in the IRS1-high group. CONCLUSIONS The association of post-diagnosis physical activity with colorectal carcinoma patient survival may differ by tumor IRS1 expression level. If validated, tumor IRS1 expression status may serve as a predictive marker to identify subgroups of patients who might gain greater survival benefit from an increased level of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun A Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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217
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White PE, Deng G, Kuykendall MK, Tadros AM, Dyroff SL, Honan RE, Robertson PM, Vincent JB, Rasco JF. Trivalent Chromium has no Effect on Delaying Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer in FVB/NJ Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:221-6. [PMID: 25910900 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As Cr(III) compounds have been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in rodent models of diabetes and insulin resistance and as colorectal cancer risk has been associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, the effects of the Cr(III) compound Cr3 ([Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3](+)) were investigated in male and female FVB/NJ mice with azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer. In contrast to a previous study on the effects of Cr3 on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in Sprague Dawley rats, no effects of Cr3 at daily doses of 1 and 10 mg Cr/kg body mass were observed, leaving in question whether administration of Cr(III) compounds can delay or prevent the onset of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandora E White
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - Ge Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - M Kaitlyn Kuykendall
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - Abbey M Tadros
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - Samantha L Dyroff
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - Rachel E Honan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - Preshus M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - John B Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA.
| | - Jane F Rasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0344, USA
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218
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Vigneri PG, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Massimino M, Stella S, Romano C, Manzella L. The Insulin/IGF System in Colorectal Cancer Development and Resistance to Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:230. [PMID: 26528439 PMCID: PMC4606066 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a major determinant in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Indeed, several components of this signaling network, including insulin, IGF-1, IGF-2, the IGF-binding proteins, the insulin receptor (IR), the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and IR substrate proteins 1 and 2 contribute to the transformation of normal colon epithelial cells. Moreover, the insulin/IGF system is also implicated in the development of resistance to both chemotherapeutic drugs and epidermal growth factor receptor targeted agents. The identification of hybrid receptors comprising both the IR and IGF-1R adds further complexity to this signaling network. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions performed by each component of the insulin/IGF system is required to design successful drugs for the treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giovanni Vigneri
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Michele Massimino
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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219
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DeClercq V, McMurray DN, Chapkin RS. Obesity promotes colonic stem cell expansion during cancer initiation. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:336-43. [PMID: 26455770 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to elucidate the mechanistic links between obesity and colon cancer. Convincing evidence for the role of Lgr5(+) stem cells in colon tumorigenesis has been established; however, the influence of obesity on stem cell maintenance is unknown. We assessed the effects of high fat (HF) feeding on colonic stem cell maintenance during cancer initiation (AOM induced) and the responsiveness of stem cells to adipokine signaling pathways. The number of colonic GFP(+) stem cells was significantly higher in the AOM-injected HF group compared to the LF group. The Lgr5(+) stem cells of the HF fed mice exhibited statistically significant increases in cell proliferation and decreases in apoptosis in response to AOM injection compared to the LF group. Colonic organoid cultures from lean mice treated with an adiponectin receptor agonist exhibited a reduction in Lgr5-GPF(+) stem cell number and an increase in apoptosis; however, this response was diminished in the organoid cultures from obese mice. These results suggest that the responsiveness of colonic stem cells to adiponectin in diet-induced obesity is impaired and may contribute to the stem cell accumulation observed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V DeClercq
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - D N McMurray
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, MS 2253, Cater Mattil, TX 77843-2253, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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220
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Yoon YS, Keum N, Zhang X, Cho E, Giovannucci EL. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and colorectal adenomas: A meta-analysis. Metabolism 2015; 64:1324-33. [PMID: 26169471 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. While epidemiologic studies have investigated associations between markers of insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia (i.e., circulating insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-peptide) and risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA), the effect size has not yet been quantified. OBJECTIVE We aimed to summarize the association between hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance and risk of CRA, including whether the association is independent of adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pubmed and Embase were searched through April, 2015 to identify observational studies investigating the associations between insulin, C-peptide and HOMA-IR and CRA risk. Using the highest versus lowest category meta-analysis and dose-response meta-analysis based on a random-effects model, we estimated summary odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS A total of 27 studies (insulin: 16 studies including 14,007 cases; C-peptide: 11 studies including 8639 cases; HOMA-IR: 8 studies including 11,619 cases) were included in this meta-analysis. The summary ORs of CRA comparing the highest with the lowest quantile were 1.33 for insulin (95% CI=1.12-1.58, I(2)=73.9%, Pheterogeneity<0.001), 1.44 for C-peptide (95% CI=1.13-1.83, I(2)=63.5%, Pheterogeneity=0.003), and 1.33 for HOMA-IR (95% CI=1.10-1.60, I(2)=69.1%, Pheterogeneity=0.004). Upon stratification by ethnicity, higher levels of insulin and C-peptide were significantly associated with increased risk of CRA in non-Asian ethnicity (summary OR for insulin=1.67 [95% CI=1.28-2.17], I(2)=34.9%, Pheterogeneity=0.16; summary OR for C-peptide=1.59 [95% CI=1.22-2.08], I(2)=21.5%, Pheterogeneity=0.27) but not in Asians (summary OR for insulin=1.10 [95% CI=0.92-1.33], I(2)=76.6%, Pheterogeneity=0.001; summary OR for C-peptide=1.27 [95% CI=0.84-1.91], I(2)=72.6, Pheterogeneity=0.01). We observed evidence for the existence of publication bias for insulin (P=0.01 by Egger test) and HOMA-IR (P=0.05 by Egger test). The results were confirmed in linear dose-response meta-analysis. These significant positive associations generally persisted even after adjustment for adiposity, although the effect size was substantially attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Independent of adiposity, higher levels of insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR were significantly associated with increased risk of CRA. The weaker associations and high heterogeneity in Asian studies warrant further research. These results indicate that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may contribute in part to the association between obesity and CRA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Sook Yoon
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 411-706, Korea
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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221
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Ezuka A, Sakai E, Kawana K, Nagase H, Kakuta Y, Uchiyama S, Ohkubo H, Higurashi T, Nonaka T, Endo H, Takahashi H, Nakajima A. Association between factors associated with colorectal cancer and rectal aberrant crypt foci in humans. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3689-3695. [PMID: 26788192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are regarded as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC), and have been used as such in recent early-phase chemoprevention trials. However, the associations between the presence of ACF and other factors associated with the development of CRC, such as lifestyle factors, medication use and comorbid medical conditions, remain unknown. Thus, the present retrospective, large, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the potential usefulness of ACF as a surrogate biomarker of CRC. Total colonoscopy was performed and the number of rectal ACF was counted in a total of 902 subjects. A retrospective review of the medical records of the study subjects was performed, and the factors associated with the increased prevalence of ACF was investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The analysis results identified older age [odds ratio (OR), 9.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.80-17.8; P<0.01], smoking habit (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.20-2.63; P<0.01) and use of insulin (OR, 9.97; 95% CI, 1.28-77.5; P=0.03) as significant independent risk factors associated with the increased prevalence of ACF, regardless of the presence/absence of colon tumors. In addition, it was revealed that the prevalence and number of ACF, and the Ki-67 labeling indices of the colonic epithelial cells were significantly higher in diabetic patients receiving insulin therapy than in those not receiving insulin therapy (P<0.01, P=0.03 and P=0.01, respectively). In conclusion, the potential usefulness of ACF as a surrogate biomarker of CRC was confirmed, although useful data could not be obtained on candidate chemopreventive agents. These results indicated that insulin can enhance colonic epithelial proliferative activity and induce the formation of ACF, thereby possibly triggering CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ezuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagase
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Yukio Kakuta
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Shiori Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohkubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroki Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Park J, Kim I, Jung KJ, Kim S, Jee SH, Yoon SK. Gene-gene interaction analysis identifies a new genetic risk factor for colorectal cancer. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:73. [PMID: 26362652 PMCID: PMC4566297 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin levels have been shown to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, a newly identified adiponectin receptor, T-cadherin, has been associated with plasma adiponectin levels. Therefore, we investigated the potential for a genetic association between T-cadherin and CRC risk. RESULT We conducted a case-control study using the Korean Cancer Prevention study-II cohort, which is composed of 325 CRC patients and 977 normal individuals. Study results revealed that rs3865188 in the 5' flanking region of the T-cadherin gene (CDH13) was significantly associated with CRC (p = 0.0474). The odds ratio (OR) for the TT genotype as compared to the TA + AA genotype was 1.577 (p = 0.0144). In addition, the interaction between CDH13 and the adiponectin gene (APN) for CRC risk was investigated using a logistic regression analysis. Among six APN single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs182052, rs17366568, rs2241767, rs3821799, rs3774261, and rs6773957), an interaction with the rs3865188 was found for four (rs2241767, rs3821799, rs3774261, and rs6773957). The group with combined genotypes of TT for rs3865188 and GG for rs377426 displayed the highest risk for CRC development as compared to those with the other genotype combinations. The OR for the TT/GG genotype as compared to the AA/AA genotype was 4.108 (p = 0.004). Furthermore, the plasma adiponectin level showed a correlation with the gene-gene interaction, and the group with the highest risk for CRC had the lowest adiponectin level (median, 4.8 μg/mL for the TT/GG genotype vs.7.835 μg/mL for the AA/AA genotype, p = 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS The present study identified a new genetic factor for CRC risk and an interaction between CDH13 and APN in CRC risk. These genetic factors may be useful for predicting CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkeun Park
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Injung Kim
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soriul Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim Yoon
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Guercio BJ, Sato K, Niedzwiecki D, Ye X, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, Mowat RB, Whittom R, Hantel A, Benson A, Atienza D, Messino M, Kindler H, Venook A, Hu FB, Ogino S, Wu K, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS. Coffee Intake, Recurrence, and Mortality in Stage III Colon Cancer: Results From CALGB 89803 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3598-607. [PMID: 26282659 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.61.5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Observational studies have demonstrated increased colon cancer recurrence in states of relative hyperinsulinemia, including sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and increased dietary glycemic load. Greater coffee consumption has been associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes and increased insulin sensitivity. The effect of coffee on colon cancer recurrence and survival is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS During and 6 months after adjuvant chemotherapy, 953 patients with stage III colon cancer prospectively reported dietary intake of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and nonherbal tea, as well as 128 other items. We examined the influence of coffee, nonherbal tea, and caffeine on cancer recurrence and mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Patients consuming 4 cups/d or more of total coffee experienced an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for colon cancer recurrence or mortality of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.99), compared with never drinkers (Ptrend = .002). Patients consuming 4 cups/d or more of caffeinated coffee experienced significantly reduced cancer recurrence or mortality risk compared with abstainers (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.91; Ptrend = .002), and increasing caffeine intake also conferred a significant reduction in cancer recurrence or mortality (HR, 0.66 across extreme quintiles; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.93; Ptrend = .006). Nonherbal tea and decaffeinated coffee were not associated with patient outcome. The association of total coffee intake with improved outcomes seemed consistent across other predictors of cancer recurrence and mortality. CONCLUSION Higher coffee intake may be associated with significantly reduced cancer recurrence and death in patients with stage III colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Guercio
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kaori Sato
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xing Ye
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Leonard B Saltz
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rex B Mowat
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Renaud Whittom
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alexander Hantel
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Al Benson
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel Atienza
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael Messino
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hedy Kindler
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alan Venook
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kana Wu
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Brendan J. Guercio, Shuji Ogino, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard Medical School; Kaori Sato, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Frank B. Hu, Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter C. Willett, and Edward L. Giovannucci, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino and Edward L. Giovannucci, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al Benson, Northwestern University; Hedy Kindler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Daniel Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; and Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA.
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Exercise as a Polypill for Chronic Diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:497-526. [PMID: 26477928 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise may be described as a polypill to prevent and/or treat almost every chronic disease, with obvious benefits such as its low cost and practical lack of adverse effects. Implementing physical activity interventions in public health is therefore a goal at the medical, social, and economic levels. This chapter describes the importance of health promotion through physical activity and discusses the impacts of exercise on the most prevalent chronic diseases, namely metabolic syndrome-related disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. For each of these chronic conditions, we discuss the epidemiological evidence supporting a beneficial role of exercise, provide guidelines for exercise prescription, and describe the biological mechanisms whereby exercise exerts its modulatory effects.
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225
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Lee J, Jeon JY, Meyerhardt JA. Diet and lifestyle in survivors of colorectal cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29:1-27. [PMID: 25475570 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Much research supports the association between diet and lifestyle in the development of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between various energy balance host factors (obesity, physical inactivity, and certain dietary factors) and outcomes. This review summarizes the impact of modifiable lifestyle factors, including prediagnosis and postdiagnosis adiposity, physical activity, and diet, on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. The article focuses on associations of these factors in survivors of stage I to III colorectal cancer, and summarizes the possible mechanisms for the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junga Lee
- Exercise Medicine Center for Cancer and Diabetes Patients, Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, 50 Yonsei-ro, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Justin Y Jeon
- Exercise Medicine Center for Cancer and Diabetes Patients, Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, 50 Yonsei-ro, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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226
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Coleman HG, Ness RM, Smalley WE, Zheng W, Shrubsole MJ. Aspects of dietary carbohydrate intake are not related to risk of colorectal polyps in the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1197-202. [PMID: 26054912 PMCID: PMC4498977 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High digestible carbohydrate intakes can induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and collectively have been implicated in colorectal tumor development. Our aim was to explore the association between aspects of dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of colorectal adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in a large case-control study. METHODS Colorectal polyp cases (n = 1,315 adenomas only, n = 566 hyperplastic polyps only and n = 394 both) and controls (n = 3,184) undergoing colonoscopy were recruited between 2003 and 2010 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Dietary intakes were estimated by a 108-item food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal polyps according to dietary carbohydrate intakes, after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS No significant associations were detected for risk of colorectal adenomas when comparing the highest versus lowest quartiles of intake for total sugars (OR 1.03; 95 % CI 0.84-1.26), starch (OR 1.01; 95 % CI 0.81-1.26), total or available carbohydrate intakes. Similar null associations were observed between dietary carbohydrate intakes and risk of hyperplastic polyps, or concurrent adenomas and hyperplastic polyps. CONCLUSION In this US population, digestible carbohydrate intakes were not associated with risk of colorectal polyps, suggesting that dietary carbohydrate does not have an etiological role in the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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227
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Cho SH, Ko JJ, Kim JO, Jeon YJ, Yoo JK, Oh J, Oh D, Kim JW, Kim NK. 3'-UTR Polymorphisms in the MiRNA Machinery Genes DROSHA, DICER1, RAN, and XPO5 Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Korean Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131125. [PMID: 26147304 PMCID: PMC4492935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in cancer initiation and development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in miRNA machinery genes are associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). RAN rs14035 CT heterozygotes and T allele carriers (CT + TT) genotypes had lower risk of CRC, while the DICER1 rs3742330, DROSHA rs10719, and XPO5 rs11077 polymorphisms were not associated with CRC in the full study sample. Specifically, male RAN rs14035 CT heterozygotes and XPO5 rs11077 AA genotype (CT/AA) carriers experienced reduced CRC susceptibility (both colon and rectal). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the combined RAN rs14035 CT + TT genotype was associated with rectal cancer, but not colon cancer. In addition, the DICER1 rs3742330 AG genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer. Stratified analysis revealed the RAN rs14035 combined CT+TT genotype was associated with decreased CRC risk in male patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) and in patients with rectal cancer. In addition, we found the RAN rs14035 CC genotype was related to a decreased risk of CRC with respect to tumor size and metabolism of homocysteine and folate. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with hypertension or DM who carried the DROSHA rs10719 CC genotype showed increased CRC risk, while the XPO5 rs11077 AC+CC genotype led to increased CRC risk in patients with hypertension only. Our results indicate variations in RAN rs14035, DICER1 rs3742330, XPO5 rs11077, and DROSHA rs10719 of Korean patients are significantly associated with their risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jisu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail: (NKK); (JWK)
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail: (NKK); (JWK)
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Özkan NT, Tokmak A, Güzel Aİ, Özkan S, çİçek MN. The association between endometrial polyps and metabolic syndrome: a case-control study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 55:274-8. [PMID: 26044674 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial polyps are common benign gynaecologic disorders. The etiopathogenesis of this condition remains unclear, however obesity is an important risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible association between endometrial polyps and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five women with endometrial polyps (study group) and 45 without (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. The main parameters evaluated between the groups were age, BMI (body mass index), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum lipid profiles, fasting glucose levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of BMI, WC, insulin levels and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). The MetS was present in 32 (71.1%) of women in the study group and in 6 (13.3%) in the control group (P < 0.001). Logistic regression demonstrated that MetS was a significant risk factor for endometrial polyps. ROC curve analysis also showed that MetS was the most significant discriminative risk factor in the study group with an AUC of 0.789 (0.691-0.887; CI 95%). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that there may be a relationship between endometrial polyps, MetS and insulin resistance. Further studies are required to explain the role of this relationship in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Topfedaisi Özkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Tokmak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali İrfan Güzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Özkan
- Department of Cardiology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Nedim çİçek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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229
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Keum N, Lee DH, Kim R, Greenwood DC, Giovannucci EL. Visceral adiposity and colorectal adenomas: dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1101-1109. [PMID: 25480876 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-related hormonal and metabolic perturbations implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis are mainly driven by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) rather than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Yet, most epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship between excess adiposity and colorectal neoplasia using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Due to the inability of BMI and WC to distinguish VAT from SAT, they are likely to have underestimated the true association. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize the relationships between VAT and colorectal adenomas and to examine the value of VAT as an independent risk factor beyond BMI, WC, and SAT. PubMed and Embase were searched through September 2014 to identify relevant observational studies. The summary odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS In linear dose-response meta-analysis, the summary OR for each 25 cm(2) increase in VAT area was 1.13 (95% CI 1.05-1.21; I(2) = 62%; 6 studies; 2776 cases; range of VAT area = 30-228 cm(2)). The dose-response curve suggested no evidence of nonlinearity (Pnon-linearity = 0.37). In meta-analysis comparing the highest versus lowest category of VAT based on 12 studies, a positive association between VAT and adenomas remained statistically significant even after adjustment for BMI, WC, and SAT. In contrast, adjustment for VAT substantially attenuated associations of BMI, WC, and SAT with adenomas. Across the studies, VAT was more strongly associated with advanced adenomas than nonadvanced adenomas. CONCLUSIONS VAT may be the underlying mediator of the observed associations of BMI and WC with adenomas, increasing adenoma risk continuously over a wide range of VAT area. Considering that the joint use of BMI and WC better captures VAT than the use of either one, clinicians are recommended to use both BMI and WC to identify those at high risk for colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Keum
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology.
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology
| | - R Kim
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - D C Greenwood
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Joshi P, Joshi RK, Kim WJ, Lee SA. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, IGF-binding Protein-3, C-peptide and Colorectal Cancer: a Case-control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3735-40. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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231
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Association between Gastroenterological Malignancy and Diabetes Mellitus and Anti-Diabetic Therapy: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125421. [PMID: 25978841 PMCID: PMC4433253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer incidence has been evaluated in limited kinds of cancer. The effect of anti-diabetic therapy (ADT) on carcinogenesis among diabetic patients is also unclear. Materials and Methods Using population-based representative insurance claims data in Taiwan, 36,270 DM patients and 145,080 comparison subjects without DM were identified from claims from 2005 to 2010. The association between the top ten leading causes of cancer-related death in Taiwan and DM was evaluated. Whether ADT altered the risk of developing cancer was also investigated. Results Incidence of cancer at any site was significantly higher in patients with DM than in those without (p<0.001). The risk of carcinogenesis imparted by DM was greatest in gastroenterological malignancies (liver, pancreas, and colorectal cancer) as well as lung, breast and oral cancer (p<0.001). Among the oral types of ADT, metformin decreased the risk of lung and liver cancer, but had less effect on reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. α-glucosidase inhibitor decreased the risk of developing liver, colorectal, and breast cancer. Apart from intermediate-acting insulin, rapid-acting, long-acting, and combination insulin treatment significantly reduced the overall cancer risk among all DM patients. In subgroup analysis, long-acting insulin treatment significantly decreased the risk of lung, liver, and colorectal cancer. Conclusion Our results supported the notion that pre-existing DM increases the incidence of gastroenterological cancer. ADT, especially metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and long-acting insulin treatment, may protect patients with DM against these malignancies. It is crucial that oncologists should closely collaborate with endocrinologists to provide an optimal cancer-specific therapy and diabetic treatment to patients simultaneously with cancer and DM.
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232
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QI GUANGYING, TANG BO, ZHOU LIHUA, JIKIHARA HIROSHI, KIWATA ATSUMI, SAKAMOTO YUKI, TANG FANG, XIAO SHENGJUN, WANG ZHENRAN, WU QIUHUI, LU HUILING, WU ZHEN, ZENG SIEN, SHIMAMOTO FUMIO. Effects of high-fat diet on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt foci and colorectal tumours in rats. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:289-294. [PMID: 26137224 PMCID: PMC4467215 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading causes of numerous types of cancer. The present study investigated the impact of a high-fat diet on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in F344 rats. A total of 16 male F344 rats aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups (8 rats/group). Rats in group A were fed a basal diet with a moderate fat (MF) content, while rats in group B were fed a high-fat diet. Upon reaching 5 weeks of age, the rats were injected subcutaneously with DMH (20 mg/kg body weight). DMH was administered once a week for 8 consecutive weeks. All the rats were sacrificed 34 weeks after the first DMH injection and dissected to obtain samples of colorectal tissues. The tissues were examined under a microscope for the presence of aberrant crypt foci (ACFs) and subjected to histopathological analysis. The results showed that at the end of the 34-week experiment, body weights and visceral fat levels were significantly higher in the high-fat diet group compared to the basal diet group. In addition, the incidences of colorectal ACF, adenoma and adenocarcinoma were markedly elevated in the high-fat diet group compared to the basal diet group. These results indicate that the consumption of a high-fat diet promotes the development and progression of CRC and the control of fat intake may prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- GUANGYING QI
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - BO TANG
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - LIHUA ZHOU
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - HIROSHI JIKIHARA
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - ATSUMI KIWATA
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - YUKI SAKAMOTO
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - FANG TANG
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - SHENGJUN XIAO
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - ZHENRAN WANG
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - QIUHUI WU
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - HUILING LU
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - ZHEN WU
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - SIEN ZENG
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - FUMIO SHIMAMOTO
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
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Díaz-Algorri Y, Lozada ME, López SM, Bertrán-Rodríguez CE, González-Hernández CM, González D, Pérez-Cardona CM, Hernández J, Pedrosa C, Toro DH, González-Pons M, Cruz-Correa M. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and colorectal neoplasia risk in Hispanics: a case-control study. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:502-7. [PMID: 25784088 PMCID: PMC4414902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is inconclusive evidence regarding the potential link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Associations between type 2 DM and colorectal neoplasia (CRN; colorectal cancer and/or adenomas) have not been well studied in Hispanics, an ethnic minority at high risk for type 2 DM. This study aims to assess the association between type 2 DM and CRN in Hispanics. METHODS Hispanics with incident CRN and colonoscopy-negative controls from 2005 to 2009 were evaluated. Diagnosis of type 2 DM was established by previous medical diagnosis and/or use of DM treatments. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios for the association between type 2 DM and CRN. RESULTS A total of 451 participants (mean age 61.1±11.9years, 59.6 % men) were evaluated (218 with incident CRC, 77 with colorectal adenomas, and 156 colonoscopy-negative controls). The prevalence of type 2 DM in this study was 25.1%. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, women with type 2 DM were 2.74 (95% CI: 0.94-7.99) times more likely to have CRN and 4.83 times more likely to present with proximal colonic CRN (95% CI: 1.25-18.58) than women without type 2 DM. No statistically significant associations were found between type 2 DM and CRN among men. CONCLUSIONS An increased odds for CRN and proximal location of CRN was observed among Hispanic women with type 2 DM. Since DM is a highly prevalent disease in this population, adherence to routine CRC screening is of outmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaritza Díaz-Algorri
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB 711 Ave. 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, P.R. 00927-6346
| | - María Eugenia Lozada
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB 711 Ave. 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, P.R. 00927-6346
| | - Sofía M López
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB 711 Ave. 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, P.R. 00927-6346
| | - Carlos E Bertrán-Rodríguez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB 711 Ave. 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, P.R. 00927-6346
| | | | - Dilka González
- VA Caribbean Healthcare System Casia # 10 San Juan, P.R. 00921-3201
| | - Cynthia M Pérez-Cardona
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health PO Box 365067 San Juan, P.R., 00936-5067
| | - Jessica Hernández
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB 711 Ave. 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, P.R. 00927-6346
| | - Carmen Pedrosa
- VA Caribbean Healthcare System Casia # 10 San Juan, P.R. 00921-3201
| | - Doris H Toro
- VA Caribbean Healthcare System Casia # 10 San Juan, P.R. 00921-3201
| | - María González-Pons
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB 711 Ave. 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, P.R. 00927-6346; University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine PO Box 365067 San Juan, P.R. 00936-5067
| | - Marcia Cruz-Correa
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB 711 Ave. 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, P.R. 00927-6346; VA Caribbean Healthcare System Casia # 10 San Juan, P.R. 00921-3201; University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine PO Box 365067 San Juan, P.R. 00936-5067.
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Abola MV, Thompson CL, Chen Z, Chak A, Berger NA, Kirwan JP, Li L. Serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and risk of colon adenoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:L1-4. [PMID: 25712946 PMCID: PMC4342782 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinol binding-protein 4 (RBP4), a recently identified adipokine and retinol transporter, has been shown to play a causative role in insulin resistance, an underpinning between obesity and colon neoplasia. Yet, the relationship between RPB4 and cancer, including colon neoplasia is largely unexplored. We carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the risk association between RBP4 and colon adenomas. We determined pre-diagnostic serum levels of RBP4 in 626 patients undergoing screening colonoscopies from January 2006 to March 2007. The cases had statistically significant higher levels of RBP4 than the controls (58.5µg/mL ± 38.2 vs. 51.9µg/mL ± 32.5, p=0.03). Multivariate logistic regression model revealed a statistically significant overall association of RBP4 with risk of colon adenoma (OR = 3.10 for each increment of 35µg/mL, CI = 1.15 – 8.66; p = 0.03). Stratified analysis by the median BMI showed that the risk association was largely limited to those with BMI < 27.8 kg/m2. Compared to those in the bottom tertile of RBP4, the ORs for the 2nd and 3rd tertiles were 1.84 (CI = 0.89–3.8) and 2.14 (CI = 1.08–4.23) respectively (p for trend = 0.03); there was little evidence for such an association among those with BMI ≥ 27.8 kg/m2. This is the first study to show colon adenoma risk association with high circulating levels of RBP4. Further study is merited to investigate the mechanism that underlies the RBP4-colon neoplasia link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Abola
- Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, Research Division, Case Western Reserve University, 11001 Cedar Avenue Suite 200, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Cheryl L. Thompson
- Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, Research Division, Case Western Reserve University, 11001 Cedar Avenue Suite 200, Cleveland, OH 44016
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, Research Division, Case Western Reserve University, 11001 Cedar Avenue Suite 200, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Department of Medicine - Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nathan A. Berger
- Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Medicine - Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Li Li
- Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, Research Division, Case Western Reserve University, 11001 Cedar Avenue Suite 200, Cleveland, OH 44016
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Corresponding author: Li Li, MD, PhD, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Case Western Reserve University, 11000 Cedar Ave., Suite 402, Cleveland, OH 44106-7136, , Tel: 216-368-5437
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Visceral Fat Content Correlates with Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) Local Recurrence and Survival. World J Surg 2015; 39:1895-901. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Zhang X, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Ma J, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Nimptsch K, Ogino S, Wei EK. Early life body fatness and risk of colorectal cancer in u.s. Women and men-results from two large cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:690-7. [PMID: 25777804 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0909-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between body fatness before adulthood and later risk of colorectal cancer remains unclear. We hypothesized that, independent of adult body fatness, early life body fatness would be associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. METHODS We assessed body fatness during childhood and adolescence using a validated 9-level somatotype and inquired body weight in young adulthood in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used the Cox proportional hazard regression modeling to estimate relative risks [RR, 95% confidence intervals (CI)] adjusting for adult body mass index (BMI) and other known colorectal cancer risk factors. RESULTS We identified 2,100 incident colorectal cancer cases (1,292 in women and 808 in men) during 22 years of follow-up. Among women, the RR (95% CI) for childhood body fatness of level 5 or higher versus level 1 was 1.28 (1.04-1.58; Ptrend = 0.08) and for adolescent body fatness, it was 1.27 (1.01-1.60; Ptrend = 0.23). The corresponding RRs for men were 1.04 (0.82-1.31; Ptrend = 0.48) and 0.98 (0.75-1.27; Ptrend = 0.20), respectively. Results were generally similar across anatomic subsites within the colorectum. In addition, the RRs comparing BMI categories ≥27.5 to <19 kg/m(2) were 1.44 (1.06-1.95, at age 18; Ptrend = 0.009) for women and 1.18 (0.84-1.65, at age 21; Ptrend = 0.57) for men. CONCLUSION Increased body fatness in early life, independent of adult obesity, might be a risk factor for colorectal cancer in women, but we observed a weaker association in men. IMPACT Our findings support the growing evidence that early life body fatness affects the risk of colorectal cancer many decades later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Esther K Wei
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
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Hyperactivation of Akt/mTOR and deficiency in tuberin increased the oxidative DNA damage in kidney cancer patients with diabetes. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2542-50. [PMID: 24797175 PMCID: PMC4058025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent study from our laboratory showed that patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing kidney cancer. In the current study, we have explored one of the mechanisms by which diabetes accelerates tumorigenesis in the kidney. Kidney cancer tissue from patients with diabetes showed a higher activity of Akt and decreased in total protein of tuberin compared to kidney cancer patient without diabetes or diabetes alone. In addition, a significant increase in phospho-Akt/tuberin expression was associated with an increase in Ki67 expression and activation of mTOR in kidney tumor with or without diabetes compared to diabetes alone. In addition, decrease in tuberin expression resulted in a significant decrease in protein expression of OGG1 and increased in oxidative DNA damage, 8-oxodG in kidney tissues from patients with cancer or cancer+diabetes. Importantly, these data showed that the majority of the staining of Akt/tuberin/p70S6K phosphorylation was more prominently in the tubular cells. In addition, accumulation of oxidative DNA damage is localized only in the nucleus of tubular cells within the cortex region. These data suggest that Akt/tuberin/mTOR pathway plays an important role in the regulation DNA damage and repair pathways that may predispose diabetic kidneys to pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of oral cancer and precancerous lesions: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:332-40. [PMID: 25650271 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and risk of oral cancer and precancerous lesions have been reported with controversial findings. We performed a meta-analysis to explore these associations. METHODS We identified studies by a literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE through May 31, 2014, and by searching the reference lists of pertinent articles. Summary relative risk (SRR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated with a random-effects model. Between- study heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q and I(2) statistics. RESULTS A total of 13 studies (4 case-control and 9 cohort studies) on the association between type 2 DM and oral cancer were included. Overall analysis found that compared with non-diabetic individuals, individuals with type 2 DM had a significantly elevated incidence of oral cancer (SRR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.02-1.29; Pheterogeneity=0.277, I(2)=15.4%; 10 studies). Subgroup analyses found that duration of follow-up (⩾11years) significantly altered this positive association. Type 2 DM was associated with increased oral cancer mortality (SRR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.16-1.72; 4 studies). Meta-analysis of the four case-control studies showed a positive association between type 2 DM and risk of oral precancerous lesions (SRR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.23-2.80; Pheterogeneity=0.038, I(2)=57.5%). No significant public bias was found across these studies. CONCLUSIONS These findings of this meta-analysis indicate that compared with non-diabetic individuals, individuals with type 2 DM have an elevated risk of oral cancer and precancerous lesions development.
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Suman S, Kallakury BVS, Fornace AJ, Datta K. Protracted upregulation of leptin and IGF1 is associated with activation of PI3K/Akt and JAK2 pathway in mouse intestine after ionizing radiation exposure. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:274-83. [PMID: 25678846 PMCID: PMC4323367 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a known risk factor for gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies including cancer. Hormones and related signaling crosstalk, which could contribute to radiation-induced persistent pathophysiologic changes in the small intestine and colon, remain to be explored. The current study assessed perturbation of GI homeostasis-related hormones and signaling pathways at the systemic as well as at the tissue level in small intestine and colon. Mice (6-8 week old C57BL/6J) were exposed to 2 Gy γ radiation, serum and tissue samples were collected, and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin signaling were assessed two or twelve months after radiation exposure. Serum levels of IGF-1, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), leptin, and adiponectin were altered at these times after irradiation. Radiation was associated with increased IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and obesity (leptin) receptor (Ob-R), decreased adiponectin receptor 1 (Adipo-R1) and 2 (Adipo-R2), and increased Ki-67 levels in small intestine and colon at both time points. Immunoblot analysis further showed increased IGF1R and Ob-R, and decreased Adipo-R2. Additionally, upregulation of PI3K/Akt and JAK2 signaling, which are downstream of IGF1 and leptin, was also observed in irradiated samples at both time points. These results when considered along with increased cell proliferation in the small intestine and colon demonstrate for the first time that ionizing radiation can persistently increase IGF1 and leptin and activate downstream proliferative pathways, which may contribute to GI functional alterations and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- 1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Bhaskar V S Kallakury
- 2. Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- 1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA. ; 3. Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Datta
- 1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
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Mahmoudi T, Majidzadeh-A K, Karimi K, Karimi N, Farahani H, Dabiri R, Nobakht H, Dolatmoradi H, Arkani M, Zali MR. An exon variant in insulin receptor gene is associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in women. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3709-15. [PMID: 25557790 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-3010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the role of insulin resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC), we explored whether genetic variants in insulin (INS), insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) genes were associated with CRC risk. A total of 600 subjects, including 261 cases with CRC and 339 controls, were enrolled in this case-control study. Six polymorphisms in INS (rs689), INSR (rs1799817), IRS1 (rs1801278), IRS2 (rs1805097), IGF1 (rs5742612), and IGFBP3 (rs2854744) genes were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. No significant difference was observed for INS, INSR, IRS1, IRS2, IGF1, and IGFBP3 genes between the cases and controls. However, the INSR rs1799817 "TT + CT" genotype and "CT" genotype compared with "CC" genotype occurred more frequently in the women with CRC than women controls (P = 0.007; OR = 1.93, 95 %CI = 1.20-3.11 and P = 0.002, OR = 2.15, 95 %CI = 1.31-3.53, respectively), and the difference remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors including age, BMI, smoking status, NSAID use, and family history of CRC (P = 0.018; OR = 1.86, 95 %CI = 1.11-3.10 and P = 0.004, OR = 2.18, 95 %CI = 1.28-3.71, respectively). In conclusion, to our knowledge, this study indicated for the first time that the INSR rs1799817 TT + CT genotype and CT genotype compared with the CC genotype had 1.86-fold and 2.18-fold increased risks for CRC among women, respectively. Furthermore, this finding is in line with previous studies which found significant associations between other variants of the INSR gene and CRC risk. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Mahmoudi
- Department of Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1985711151, Iran,
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Affiliation(s)
- M Principi
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Chowdhury MKH, Montgomery MK, Morris MJ, Cognard E, Shepherd PR, Smith GC. Glucagon phosphorylates serine 552 of β-catenin leading to increased expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc in the isolated rat liver. Arch Physiol Biochem 2015; 121:88-96. [PMID: 26135564 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1048693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 years the prevalence of metabolic disorders, in particular type 2 diabetes (T2D), has more than doubled. Recently, a strong link between T2D and cancer, in particularly liver cancer has been reported. However, the mechanism connecting the development of type 2 diabetes and cancer remains unknown. One of the biggest drivers of liver cancer is alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In this study, we aimed to identify the effect of glucagon on β-catenin in the isolated rat liver. We found glucagon, which is substantially raised in patients with T2D, rapidly phosphorylates β-catenin on serine 552 that is associated with increased expression of genes cyclin D1 (CCND1) and c-Myc (MYC), which are known to be involved in liver cancer. This finding may explain the increased risk of liver cancer in people with T2D.
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Ryckman EM, Summers RM, Liu J, del Rio AM, Pickhardt PJ. Visceral fat quantification in asymptomatic adults using abdominal CT: is it predictive of future cardiac events? ABDOMINAL IMAGING 2015; 40:222-6. [PMID: 25015400 PMCID: PMC4293368 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine if quantifying visceral adipose tissue (VAT) at CT in asymptomatic adults can predict the likelihood of future cardiac events. METHODS Subcutaneous and visceral fat volumes were obtained from abdominal CT utilizing a validated semi-automated software tool in 663 asymptomatic adults (mean age 57.3 years, 379F/284M) undergoing colorectal screening. Patients were followed for subsequent cardiac events, defined as myocardial infarction or coronary intervention for a mean follow-up interval of 7.0 ± 1.4 years. Relevant clinical data including Framingham risk score (FRS) were also collected. Statistical analysis included logistic regression, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Welch and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS Cardiac events were documented in 32 subjects (4.8%) an average 3.0 years after index CT. FRS was predictive of future cardiac events, signified by a higher score (mean score 11.9 vs. 7.4; p < 0.001). HDL levels were significantly lower in the cardiac event cohort (mean 52.2 vs. 61.0; p < 0.01). None of the other clinical variables were predictive and none of the CT-based fat measurements (visceral, subcutaneous, and total adipose tissue; visceral fat %) correlated with future cardiac events (p = 0.561–0.886). Mean visceral fat % in the cardiac event cohort was 38.1% vs. 39.1% for the non-event group. CONCLUSION Quantification of VAT at abdominal CT was not predictive of future cardiac events in this asymptomatic cohort, whereas HDL levels and FRSs correlated well with risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Ryckman
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA, 53792-3252
| | - Ronald M. Summers
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892-1182
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892-1182
| | - A Munoz del Rio
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA, 53792-3252
| | - Perry J. Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA, 53792-3252
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Karimi K, Mahmoudi T, Karimi N, Dolatmoradi H, Arkani M, Farahani H, Vahedi M, Parsimehr E, Dabiri R, Nobakht H, Asadi A, Zali MR. Is there an association between variants in candidate insulin pathway genes IGF-I, IGFBP-3, INSR, and IRS2 and risk of colorectal cancer in the Iranian population? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5011-6. [PMID: 24175768 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies have shown associations between colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and type 2 diabetes and obesity. Any effects would be expected to be mediated through the insulin pathway. Therefore it is possible that variants of genes encoding components of the insulin pathway play roles in CRC susceptibility. In this study, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in the genes involving the insulin pathway are associated with risk of CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The associations of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IGF-I (rs6214), IGFBP-3 (rs3110697), INSR (rs1052371), and IRS2 (rs2289046) genes with the risk of CRC were evaluated using a case-control design with 167 CRC cases and 277 controls by the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Overall, we observed no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the cases and controls for the IGF-I, IGFBP-3, INSR, IRS2 gene variants and CRC before or after adjusting for confounders (age, BMI, sex, and smoking status). However, we observed that the IRS2 (rs2289046) GG genotype compared with AA+AG genotypes has a protective effect for CRC in normal weight subjects (p=0.035, OR=0.259, 95%CI= 0.074-0.907). CONCLUSIONS These findings do not support plausible associations between polymorphic variations in IGF-I, IGFBP-3, INSR, IRS2 genes and risk of CRC. However, the evidence for a link between the IRS2 (rs2289046) variant and risk of CRC dependent on the BMI of the subjects, requires confirmation in subsequent studies with greater sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatoon Karimi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Sandhu V, Bowitz Lothe IM, Labori KJ, Lingjærde OC, Buanes T, Dalsgaard AM, Skrede ML, Hamfjord J, Haaland T, Eide TJ, Børresen-Dale AL, Ikdahl T, Kure EH. Molecular signatures of mRNAs and miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in pancreatobiliary and intestinal types of periampullary adenocarcinomas. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:758-71. [PMID: 25579086 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periampullary adenocarcinomas include four anatomical sites of origin (the pancreatic duct, bile duct, ampulla and duodenum) and most of them fall into two histological subgroups (pancreatobiliary and intestinal). Determining the exact origin of the tumor is sometimes difficult, due to overlapping histopathological characteristics. The prognosis depends on the histological subtype, as well as on the anatomical site of origin, the former being the more important. The molecular basis for these differences in prognosis is poorly understood. Whole-genome analyses were used to investigate the association between molecular tumor profiles, pathogenesis and prognosis. A total of 85 periampullary adenocarcinomas were characterized by mRNA and miRNA expressions profiling. Molecular profiles of the tumors from the different anatomical sites of origin as well as of the different histological subtypes were compared. Differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs between the two histopathological subtypes were linked to specific molecular pathways. Six miRNA families were downregulated and four were upregulated in the pancreatobiliary type as compared to the intestinal type (P < 0.05). miRNAs and mRNAs associated with improved overall and recurrence free survival for the two histopathological subtypes were identified. For the pancreatobiliary type the genes ATM, PTEN, RB1 and the miRNAs miR-592 and miR-497, and for the intestinal type the genes PDPK1, PIK3R2, G6PC and the miRNAs miR-127-3p, miR-377* were linked to enriched pathways and identified as prognostic markers. The molecular signatures identified may in the future guide the clinicians in the therapeutic decision making to an individualized treatment, if confirmed in other larger datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sandhu
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Environmental and Health Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Telemark University College, Telemark, Norway
| | - I M Bowitz Lothe
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K J Labori
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - O C Lingjærde
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Buanes
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Dalsgaard
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M L Skrede
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Hamfjord
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Haaland
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T J Eide
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A-L Børresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Ikdahl
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E H Kure
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Environmental and Health Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Telemark University College, Telemark, Norway.
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Shen H, Lipka S, Kumar A, Mustacchia P. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal adenoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 5:440-6. [PMID: 25436123 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. The association between NAFLD and colorectal adenoma has been investigated in multiples studies but the results have been conflicting. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this in asymptomatic patients who underwent screening colonoscopy. METHODS We searched the literatures of all languages from PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library from January 1, 1980 through July 15, 2014. Combined and subgroup analyses stratified by study designs, study locations, characteristics of adenoma (location, size, number, and advanced adenoma) were performed. RESULTS Four cross-sectional and one cohort studies with a total of 6,263 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. NAFLD was significantly associated with colorectal adenoma [pooled odds ratio (OR) 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53-1.97]. The association was more significant in Asian population (pooled OR =1.77, 95% CI: 1.52-2.05, n=3 studies), compared to European/North American population (pooled OR =1.42, 95% CI: 0.75-2.67, n=2 studies). NAFLD was significantly associated with the number of colorectal adenoma (pooled OR =1.78, 95% CI: 1.10-2.86, n=2 studies), but not the location, size, or presence of advanced adenoma. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest NAFLD is significantly associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma in asymptomatic patients undergoing screening colonoscopy. This finding provides additional risk stratifications for applying colorectal cancer (CRC) screening strategies. However, more studies of western population are needed to further investigate the ethnic disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Shen
- 1 Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA ; 3 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA
| | - Seth Lipka
- 1 Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA ; 3 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- 1 Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA ; 3 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA
| | - Paul Mustacchia
- 1 Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA ; 3 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA
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Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1): Demographic, Clinical and Laboratory Data in 120 Consecutive Adult Patients with Thalassaemia Major. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2014; 6:e2014074. [PMID: 25408860 PMCID: PMC4235482 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2014.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IGF-1 deficiency in TM patients in children and adolescents has been attributed to chronic anemia and hypoxia, chronic liver disease, iron overload and other associated endocrinopathies, e.g. growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Few data are available in the literature regarding adult TM patients and growth disorders. The aim of this study was to measure IGF-1 values and other clinical data in a large number of adult patients with TM to evaluate the possible relationships between them. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort of 120 adult patients with TM was studied for plasma levels of IGF-1. Plasma total IGF-1 was determined by chemiluminescent immunometric assay (CLIA) method. In eleven patients (3 females) the GH response during glucagon stimulation test (GST) was also evaluated. RESULTS Fifty percent of patients (33 males and 27 females) had IGF-1 levels <- 2 SDs below normative values for healthy subjects matched for age and sex. In these patients endocrine complications and elevations of aminotransferases (ALT) were more common compared to TM patients with IGF1 > -2SDs. In multivariate regression analyses, height, weight, BMI, serum ferritin, ALT, HCV serology and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were not significantly related to IGF-1, but a significant correlation was found in females between HCV-RNA positivity and IGF-1, ALT and serum ferritin. AGHD was diagnosed in 6 (4 males) out of 11 patients (54.5%) who had glucagon stimulation tests and in 5 out of 8 (62.5%) with IGF-1 <-2SD. The mean age of patients with GHD was 39.3 years (range: 25-49 years, median: 39 years) versus 35.8 years (range: 27-45 years, median: 37.5 years) in non-GHD patients. A positive correlation between GH peak after GST and IGF-1 level was found (r: 0.6409; p: < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In 50% of TM patients the IGF-1 levels were 2SDs below average values for healthy individuals. IGF-1 deficiency was more common in TM patients with associated endocrine complications, and a significant correlation was found in HCV-RNA positive females among IGF-1, ALT, and serum ferritin. Further data in a larger group of patients are needed to confirm whether IGF-1 level <-2 SDs may be a potential criterion for additional studies in TM patients. This datum could avoid performing GH stimulation tests in the majority of them.
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Jia Y, Xu G, Zhou W, Wang Z, Meng L, Zhou S, Xu X, Yuan H, Tian K. Diabetes promotes DMH-induced colorectal cancer by increasing the activity of glycolytic enzymes in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110455. [PMID: 25329503 PMCID: PMC4201553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and colorectal carcinogenesis as well as the possible mechanism involved in this interaction. Diabetes rat models were induced with a low dose of STZ followed by a low dose of DMH to induce colorectal cancer. The formation of ACF in the colon and the incidence, number and size of tumors were measured. The activity of glycolytic enzymes in colonic tissues was also measured. The results demonstrated that both the total number of ACF and the number of foci that contain a different number of crypts were increased in diabetic rats. At the end of the experimental treatment, the incidence, number and size of tumors were also increased in diabetic rats. Overall, these data indicated that diabetes increased the risk of colorectal cancer. The activity of HK and PK in colonic tissues was increased in diabetic rats, whereas the activity of PDH was decreased. In addition, the activities of these enzymes in intratumor were higher than that of in peritumor. These data indicated that the high rate of glycolysis may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 456 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, 456 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Songnan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Keli Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Chen Y, Xu R. Mining cancer-specific disease comorbidities from a large observational health database. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:37-44. [PMID: 25392682 PMCID: PMC4216041 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer comorbidities often reflect the complex pathogenesis of cancers and provide valuable clues to discover the underlying genetic mechanisms of cancers. In this study, we systematically mine and analyze cancer-specific comorbidity from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. We stratified 3,354,043 patients based on age and gender, and developed a network-based approach to extract comorbidity patterns from each patient group. We compared the comorbidity patterns among different patient groups and investigated the effect of age and gender on cancer comorbidity patterns. The results demonstrated that the comorbidity relationships between cancers and non-cancer diseases largely depend on age and gender. A few exceptions are depression, anxiety, and metabolic syndrome, whose comorbidity relationships with cancers are relatively stable among all patients. Literature evidences demonstrate that these stable cancer comorbidities reflect the pathogenesis of cancers. We applied our comorbidity mining approach on colorectal cancer and detected its comorbid associations with metabolic syndrome components, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Our results not only confirmed known cancer comorbidities but also generated novel hypotheses, which can illuminate the common pathophysiology between cancers and their co-occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Division of Medical Informatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Division of Medical Informatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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