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Sharif R, Xie C, Zhang H, Arnao MB, Ali M, Ali Q, Muhammad I, Shalmani A, Nawaz MA, Chen P, Li Y. Melatonin and Its Effects on Plant Systems. Molecules 2018; 23:E2352. [PMID: 30223442 PMCID: PMC6225270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a nontoxic biological molecule produced in a pineal gland of animals and different tissues of plants. It is an important secondary messenger molecule, playing a vital role in coping with various abiotic and biotic stresses. Melatonin serves as an antioxidant in postharvest technology and enhances the postharvest life of fruits and vegetables. The application of exogenous melatonin alleviated reactive oxygen species and cell damage induced by abiotic and biotic stresses by means of repairing mitochondria. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzymes genes under biotic and abiotic stress makes it a more versatile molecule. Besides that, the crosstalk with other phytohormones makes inroads to utilize melatonin against non-testified stress conditions, such as viruses and nematodes. Furthermore, different strategies have been discussed to induce endogenous melatonin activity in order to sustain a plant system. Our review highlighted the diverse roles of melatonin in a plant system, which could be useful in enhancing the environmental friendly crop production and ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Qasid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, University college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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202
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Wei Y, Liu G, Chang Y, Lin D, Reiter RJ, He C, Shi H. Melatonin biosynthesis enzymes recruit WRKY transcription factors to regulate melatonin accumulation and transcriptional activity on W-box in cassava. J Pineal Res 2018. [PMID: 29528508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is widely involved in growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Although the melatonin synthesis enzymes have been identified in various plants, their interacting proteins remain unknown. Herein, overexpression of tryptophan decarboxylase 2 (MeTDC2)-interacting proteins, N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2) interacting proteins, and N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase 3 (MeASMT3) in cassava leaf protoplasts resulted in more melatonin than when other enzymes were overexpressed. Through yeast two-hybrid, 14 MeTDC2-interacting proteins, 24 MeASMT2 interacting proteins, and 9 MeASMT3-interacting proteins were identified. Notably, we highlighted MeWRKY20 and MeWRKY75 as common interacting proteins of the 3 enzymes, as evidenced by yeast two-hybrid, and in vivo bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Moreover, co-overexpression of MeTDC2/MeASMT2/3 with MeWRKY20/75 in cassava leaf protoplasts did not only activated the transcriptional activities of MeWRKY20 and MeWRKY75 on W-box, but also induced the effects of MeTDC2, MeASMT2/3 on endogenous melatonin levels. Taken together, 3 melatonin synthesis enzymes (MeTDC2, MeASMT2/3) interact with MeWRKY20/75 to form a protein complex in cassava. This information significantly extends the knowledge of the complex modulation of plant melatonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanli Chang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Daozhe Lin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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203
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Melatonin enhances astaxanthin accumulation in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis by mechanisms possibly related to abiotic stress tolerance. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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204
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Nitric Oxide Is Required for Melatonin-Enhanced Tolerance against Salinity Stress in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071912. [PMID: 29966262 PMCID: PMC6073977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) could alleviate salinity stress in plants, the downstream signaling pathway is still not fully characterized. Here, we report that endogenous melatonin and thereafter nitric oxide (NO) accumulation was successively increased in NaCl-stressed rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedling roots. Application of melatonin and NO-releasing compound not only counteracted NaCl-induced seedling growth inhibition, but also reestablished redox and ion homeostasis, the latter of which are confirmed by the alleviation of reactive oxygen species overproduction, the decreases in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production, and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. Consistently, the related antioxidant defense genes, sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHX1), and salt overly sensitive 2 (SOS2) transcripts are modulated. The involvement S-nitrosylation, a redox-based posttranslational modification triggered by NO, is suggested. Further results show that in response to NaCl stress, the increased NO levels are strengthened by the addition of melatonin in seedling roots. Above responses are abolished by the removal of NO by NO scavenger. We further discover that the removal of NO does not alter endogenous melatonin content in roots supplemented with NaCl alone or together with melatonin, thus excluding the possibility of NO-triggered melatonin production. Genetic evidence reveals that, compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, the hypersensitivity to NaCl in nia1/2 and noa1 mutants (exhibiting null nitrate reductase activity and indirectly reduced endogenous NO level, respectively) cannot be rescued by melatonin supplementation. The reestablishment of redox homeostasis and induction of SOS signaling are not observed. In summary, above pharmacological, molecular, and genetic data conclude that NO operates downstream of melatonin promoting salinity tolerance.
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205
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Gao W, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Bai Q, He J, Wang Y. Effects of Melatonin on Antioxidant Capacity in Naked Oat Seedlings under Drought Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:E1580. [PMID: 29966243 PMCID: PMC6099629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT) is a molecule with pleiotropic effects including antioxidant activity, regulated plant growth, development, and reduced environmental stress in plants. However, only a few studies have analyzed the effect of exogenous MT on drought stress in naked oat seedlings. Therefore, in this study, we studied the effects of exogenous MT on the antioxidant capacity of naked oat under drought stress to understand the possible antioxidant mechanism. The results showed that a pretreatment of 100 μM MT reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O2−•) contents. MT also enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in the leaves of naked oat seedlings under 20% PEG-6000 drought stress. MT upregulated the expression levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) Asmap1 and Aspk11, and the transcription factor (TF) genes (except for NAC), WRKY1, DREB2, and MYB increased in drought with MT pretreatment seedlings when compared with seedlings exposed to drought stress alone. These data indicated that the MT-mediated induction of the antioxidant response may require the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPK, followed by triggering a downstream MAPK cascade such as Asmap1 and Aspk11, to regulate the expression of antioxidant-related genes. This study demonstrated that MT could induce the expression of MAPKs and TFs and regulate the expression of downstream stress-responsive genes, thereby increasing the plant’s tolerance. This may provide a new idea for MT modulation in the regulation of plant antioxidant defenses. These results provide a theoretical basis for MT to alleviate drought stress in naked oat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Qingqing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Jinjin He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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206
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Simlat M, Ptak A, Skrzypek E, Warchoł M, Morańska E, Piórkowska E. Melatonin significantly influences seed germination and seedling growth of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5009. [PMID: 29942687 PMCID: PMC6016539 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin (MEL) is a signaling molecule in plants that affects developmental processes during vegetative and reproductive growth. Investigations have proved that exogenously applied MEL also has the potential to improve seed germination and plant development. METHODS In the present study, seeds of stevia, a species with a very low germination rate, were germinated on an agar gel (AG) containing MEL at various concentrations (5, 20, 100, and 500 µM) in light. Seeds germinated on AG without MEL were used as controls. For the first 24 or 48 h of germination, the seeds were maintained in darkness as a pre-incubation step. Some seeds were not exposed to this pre-incubation step. RESULTS At concentrations of 20 and 5 µM, MEL significantly improved germination, but only in seeds pre-incubated in darkness for 24 h (p < 0.001). At concentrations of 100 and 500 µM, MEL had an inhibitory effect on germination, regardless of the pre-incubation time. Melatonin also affected plantlet properties. At a concentration of 20 µM, MEL increased plantlet fresh weight and leaf numbers. At a concentration of 5 µM, it promoted plantlet height. Regarding root development, the most favorable MEL concentration was 500 µM. Biochemical analysis revealed that MEL promoted higher pigment concentrations but hampered superoxide dismutase activity. On the other hand, the concentrations of sugars and phenolics, as well as the activities of catalase and peroxidase, increased at a MEL concentration of 500 µM. DISCUSSION The results suggest that MEL can improve germination of positively photoblastic stevia seeds and that it can play a role in plantlet development. However, the effects observed in the present study depended on the quantity of MEL that was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Simlat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Ptak
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Skrzypek
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Warchoł
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Emilia Morańska
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Piórkowska
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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207
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Hong Y, Zhang Y, Sinumporn S, Yu N, Zhan X, Shen X, Chen D, Yu P, Wu W, Liu Q, Cao Z, Zhao C, Cheng S, Cao L. Premature leaf senescence 3, encoding a methyltransferase, is required for melatonin biosynthesis in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:877-891. [PMID: 29901843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Premature leaf senescence in rice is one of the most common factors affecting the plant's development and yield. Although methyltransferases are involved in diverse biological functions, their roles in rice leaf senescence have not been previously reported. In this study, we identified the premature leaf senescence 3 (pls3) mutant in rice, which led to early leaf senescence and early heading date. Further investigations revealed that premature leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Using physiological analysis, we found that chlorophyll content was reduced in the pls3 mutant leaves, while hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and malondialdehyde levels were elevated. Consistent with these findings, the pls3 mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to exogenous hydrogen peroxide. The expression of other senescence-associated genes such as Osh36 and RCCR1 was increased in the pls3 mutant. Positional cloning indicated the pls3 phenotype was the result of a mutation in OsMTS1, which encodes an O-methyltransferase in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. Functional complementation of OsMTS1 in pls3 completely restored the wild-type phenotype. We found leaf melatonin content to be dramatically reduced in pls3, and that exogenous application of melatonin recovered the pls3 mutant's leaf senescence phenotype to levels comparable to that of wild-type rice. Moreover, overexpression of OsMTS1 in the wild-type plant increased the grain yield by 15.9%. Our results demonstrate that disruption of OsMTS1, which codes for a methyltransferase, can trigger leaf senescence as a result of decreased melatonin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Sittipun Sinumporn
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Chunde Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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208
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Cao S, Bian K, Shi L, Chung HH, Chen W, Yang Z. Role of Melatonin in Cell-Wall Disassembly and Chilling Tolerance in Cold-Stored Peach Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5663-5670. [PMID: 29781612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin reportedly increases chilling tolerance in postharvest peach fruit during cold storage, but information on its effects on cell-wall disassembly in chilling-injured peaches is limited. In this study, we investigated the role of cell-wall depolymerization in chilling-tolerance induction in melatonin-treated peaches. Treatment with 100 μM melatonin alleviated chilling symptoms (mealiness) characterized by a decrease in fruit firmness and increase in juice extractability in treated peaches during storage. The loss of neutral sugars, such as arabinose and galactose, in both the 1,2-cyclohexylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (CDTA)- and Na2CO3-soluble fractions was observed at 7 days in treated peaches, but the contents increased after 28 days of storage. Atomic-force-microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the polysaccharide widths in the CDTA- and Na2CO3-soluble fractions in the treated fruit were mainly distributed in a shorter range, as compared with those in the control fruit. In addition, the expression profiles of a series of cell-wall-related genes showed that melatonin treatment maintained the balance between transcripts of PpPME and PpPG, which accompany the up-regulation of several other genes involved in cell-wall disassembly. Taken together, our results suggested that the reduced mealiness by melatonin was probably associated with its positive regulation of numerous cell-wall-modifying enzymes and proteins; thus, the depolymerization of the cell-wall polysaccharides in the peaches treated with melatonin was maintained, and the treated fruit could soften gradually during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Bian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Shi
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Hang Chung
- Department of Horticulture , National Ilan University , Yilan 26047 , Taiwan
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , People's Republic of China
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209
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Fan J, Xie Y, Zhang Z, Chen L. Melatonin: A Multifunctional Factor in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1528. [PMID: 29883400 PMCID: PMC5983796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a universal molecule that is present in animals and plants. It has been detected in different kinds of plants and organs in different levels. Melatonin in plants shares the same initial biosynthesis compound with auxin, and therefore functions as indole-3-acetic acid like hormones. Moreover, melatonin is involved in regulating plant growth and development, protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, cold, heat and heavy metal stresses. Melatonin improves the stress tolerance of plants via a direct pathway, which scavenges reactive oxygen species directly, and indirect pathways, such as increasing antioxidate enzymes activity, photosynthetic efficiency and metabolites content. In addition, melatonin plays a role in regulating gene expression, and hence affects performance of plants. In this review, the biosynthesis pathway, growth and development regulation, and the environment stress response of melatonin in plants are summarized and future research directions and priorities of melatonin in plants are speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibiao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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210
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Luo H, He C, Han L. Heterologous expression of ZjOMT from Zoysia japonica in Escherichia coli confers aluminum resistance through melatonin production. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196952. [PMID: 29734371 PMCID: PMC5937781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a molecule that can enhance the resistance of plants to abiotic stress. It can alleviate the damage of heavy metal ions, and other chemical substances, changes in temperature and humidity, oxidative stress in higher plants, and enhance resistance of plants to abiotic stress. The transformation of N-Acetyl-5-hydroxy tryptamin into melatonin requires the involvement of methyltransferase. In this study, a methyltransferase gene ZjOMT has been cloned from Zoysia japonica. The gene was induced by aluminum (Al) stress in the leaves and roots of Zoysia japonica, and was up-regulated by 20.86- and 31.18-folds, respectively. The expression of ZjOMT in Escherichia coli increased the content of melatonin by about 8-fold in the recombinant strain compared with that of the empty vector strain. Al resistance test showed that the resistance of recombinant strain BL21-pET32-ZjOMT to Al was significantly higher than that of the empty vector strain BL21-pET32. The survival rate of the recombinant strain expressing ZjOMT was about 100-fold higher than that of the empty vector strain when treated with 0.35 mM Al. These findings suggest that the heterologous expression of ZjOMT improved the resistance of E. coli to Al by increasing the content of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsong Luo
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan He
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liebao Han
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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211
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Pang X, Wei Y, Cheng Y, Pan L, Ye Q, Wang R, Ruan M, Zhou G, Yao Z, Li Z, Yang Y, Liu W, Wan H. The Tryptophan Decarboxylase in Solanum lycopersicum. Molecules 2018; 23:E998. [PMID: 29695104 PMCID: PMC6099541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin plays an important role in plant growth, development, and environmental stress. In this study, a systematic analysis of tomato tryptophan decarboxylase (SlTrpDC), which is the first enzyme of melatonin biosynthesis, was conducted by integrating structural features, phylogenetic relationships, an exon/intron feature, and a divergent expression profile. The results determined that the tomato genome encoded five members (SlTrpDC1-SlTrpDC5). The phylogenetic relationships indicated that gene expansion was proposed as the major mode of evolution of the TrpDC genes from the different plant algae species to the higher plants species. The analyses of the exon/intron configurations revealed that the intron loss events occurred during the structural evolution of the TrpDCs in plants. Additionally, the RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of the SlTrpDC3 was high in all of the tested tissues, while the SlTrpDC4 and SlTrpDC5 were not expressed. The expression patterns of the remaining two (SlTrpDC1 and SlTrpDC2) were tissue-specific, which indicated that these genes may play important roles within the different tissues. No expression difference was observed in the tomato plants in response to the biotic stresses. This study will expand the current knowledge of the roles of the TrpDC genes in tomato growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pang
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou 215008, China.
| | - Yanping Wei
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Luzhao Pan
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China.
| | - Qingjing Ye
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Rongqing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Meiying Ruan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhuping Yao
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhimiao Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yuejian Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Weicheng Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China.
| | - Hongjian Wan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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212
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Exogenous Melatonin Confers Cadmium Tolerance by Counterbalancing the Hydrogen Peroxide Homeostasis in Wheat Seedlings. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040799. [PMID: 29601513 PMCID: PMC6017192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has emerged as a research highlight regarding its important role in regulating plant growth and the adaptation to the environmental stresses. In this study, we investigated how melatonin prevented the cadmium toxicity to wheat seedlings. The results demonstrated that cadmium induced the expression of melatonin biosynthesis-related genes and cause a significant increase of endogenous melatonin level. Melatonin treatment drastically alleviated the cadmium toxicity, resulting in increased plant height, biomass accumulation, and root growth. Cadmium and senescence treatment significantly increased the endogenous level of hydrogen peroxide, which was strictly counterbalanced by melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin treatment caused a significant increase of GSH (reduced glutathione) content and the GSH/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) ratio. The activities of two key antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), were specifically improved by melatonin. Additionally, melatonin not only promoted the primary root growth, but also drastically enhanced the capacity of the seedling roots to degrade the exogenous hydrogen peroxide. These results suggested that melatonin played a key role in maintaining the hydrogen peroxide homeostasis, via regulation of the antioxidant systems. Conclusively, this study revealed a crucial protective role of melatonin in the regulation of cadmium resistance in wheat.
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213
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Alam MN, Zhang L, Yang L, Islam MR, Liu Y, Luo H, Yang P, Wang Q, Chan Z. Transcriptomic profiling of tall fescue in response to heat stress and improved thermotolerance by melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:224. [PMID: 29587632 PMCID: PMC5870388 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tall fescue is a widely used cool season turfgrass and relatively sensitive to high temperature. Chemical compounds like melatonin (MT) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) have been reported to improve plant heat stress tolerance effectively. Results In this study, we reported that MT and EBL pretreated tall fescue seedlings showed decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehide (MDA), but increased chlorophyll (Chl), total protein and antioxidant enzyme activities under heat stress condition, resulting in improved plant growth. Transcriptomic profiling analysis showed that 4311 and 8395 unigenes were significantly changed after 2 h and 12 h of heat treatments, respectively. Among them, genes involved in heat stress responses, DNA, RNA and protein degradation, redox, energy metabolisms, and hormone metabolism pathways were highly induced after heat stress. Genes including FaHSFA3, FaAWPM and FaCYTC2 were significantly upregulated by both MT and EBL treatments, indicating that these genes might function as the putative target genes of MT and EBL. Conclusions These findings indicated that heat stress caused extensively transcriptomic reprogramming of tall fescue and exogenous application of MT and EBL effectively improved thermotolerance in tall fescue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4588-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nur Alam
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,Agronomy Division, Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies and College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Poultry and Veterinarian, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, 430209, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | - Pingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei, 432000, China.
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214
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Relationship of Melatonin and Salicylic Acid in Biotic/Abiotic Plant Stress Responses. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was discovered in plants in 1995, while salicylic acid was the name given to the active ingredient of willow in 1838. From a physiological point of view, these two molecules present in plants have never been compared, even though they have a great number of similarities, as we shall see in this work. Both molecules have biosynthesis pathways that share a common precursor and both play a relevant role in the physiology of plants, especially in aspects related to biotic and abiotic stress. They have also been described as biostimulants of photosynthetic processes and productivity enhancers in agricultural crops. We review the coincident aspects of both molecules, and propose an action model, by which the relationship between these molecules and other agents and plant hormones can be studied.
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215
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Martinez V, Nieves-Cordones M, Lopez-Delacalle M, Rodenas R, Mestre TC, Garcia-Sanchez F, Rubio F, Nortes PA, Mittler R, Rivero RM. Tolerance to Stress Combination in Tomato Plants: New Insights in the Protective Role of Melatonin. Molecules 2018; 23:E535. [PMID: 29495548 PMCID: PMC6017353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat or salinity are major causes of yield loss worldwide. Recent studies have revealed that the acclimation of plants to a combination of different environmental stresses is unique and therefore cannot be directly deduced from studying the response of plants to each of the different stresses applied individually. The efficient detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to play a key role in enhancing the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. Here, we report on the role of melatonin in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus through the increase in ROS detoxification in tomato plants grown under the combination of salinity and heat, two of the most common abiotic stresses known to act jointly. Plants treated with exogenous melatonin showed a different modulation in the expression on some antioxidant-related genes and their related enzymes. More specifically, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (APX, GR, GPX and Ph-GPX, resepctively) showed an antagonistic regulation as compared to plants that did not receive melatonin. This translated into a better antioxidant capacity and to a lesser ROS accumulation under stress combination. The performance of the photosynthesis parameters and the photosystems was also increased in plants treated with exogenous melatonin under the combination of salinity and heat. In accordance with these findings, tomato plants treated with melatonin were found to grow better under stress combination that the non-treated ones. Our study highlights the important role that exogenous melatonin plays in the acclimation of plants to a combination of two different abiotic stresses, and how this compound can specifically regulate oxidative stress-related genes and enzymes to increase plant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Martinez
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.N.-C.); (M.L.-D.); (R.R.); (T.C.M.); (F.G.-S.); (F.R.)
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.N.-C.); (M.L.-D.); (R.R.); (T.C.M.); (F.G.-S.); (F.R.)
| | - Maria Lopez-Delacalle
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.N.-C.); (M.L.-D.); (R.R.); (T.C.M.); (F.G.-S.); (F.R.)
| | - Reyes Rodenas
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.N.-C.); (M.L.-D.); (R.R.); (T.C.M.); (F.G.-S.); (F.R.)
| | - Teresa C. Mestre
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.N.-C.); (M.L.-D.); (R.R.); (T.C.M.); (F.G.-S.); (F.R.)
| | - Francisco Garcia-Sanchez
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.N.-C.); (M.L.-D.); (R.R.); (T.C.M.); (F.G.-S.); (F.R.)
| | - Francisco Rubio
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.N.-C.); (M.L.-D.); (R.R.); (T.C.M.); (F.G.-S.); (F.R.)
| | - Pedro A. Nortes
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Irrigation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ron Mittler
- Univ North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, 1155 Union Circle 305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA;
| | - Rosa M. Rivero
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.N.-C.); (M.L.-D.); (R.R.); (T.C.M.); (F.G.-S.); (F.R.)
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216
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Yu Y, Wang A, Li X, Kou M, Wang W, Chen X, Xu T, Zhu M, Ma D, Li Z, Sun J. Melatonin-Stimulated Triacylglycerol Breakdown and Energy Turnover under Salinity Stress Contributes to the Maintenance of Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase Activity and K +/Na + Homeostasis in Sweet Potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:256. [PMID: 29535758 PMCID: PMC5835075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a multifunctional molecule in animals and plants and is involved in defense against salinity stress in various plant species. In this study, MT pretreatment was simultaneously applied to the roots and leaves of sweet potato seedlings [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], which is an important food and industry crop worldwide, followed by treatment of 150 mM NaCl. The roles of MT in mediating K+/Na+ homeostasis and lipid metabolism in salinized sweet potato were investigated. Exogenous MT enhanced the resistance to NaCl and improved K+/Na+ homeostasis in sweet potato seedlings as indicated by the low reduced K+ content in tissues and low accumulation of Na+ content in the shoot. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that exogenous MT significantly suppressed NaCl-induced K+ efflux in sweet potato roots and mesophyll tissues. Further experiments showed that MT enhanced the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activity and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the roots and leaves of salinized sweet potato. Lipidomic profiling revealed that exogenous MT completely prevented salt-induced triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the leaves. In addition, MT upregulated the expression of genes related to TAG breakdown, fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, and energy turnover. Chemical inhibition of the β-oxidation pathway led to drastic accumulation of lipid droplets in the vegetative tissues of NaCl-stressed sweet potato and simultaneously disrupted the MT-stimulated energy state, PM H+-ATPase activity, and K+/Na+ homeostasis. Results revealed that exogenous MT stimulated TAG breakdown, FA β-oxidation, and energy turnover under salinity conditions, thereby contributing to the maintenance of PM H+-ATPase activity and K+/Na+ homeostasis in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Yu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Kou
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Beijing Qiji Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xianyang Chen
- Beijing Qiji Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingku Zhu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Daifu Ma
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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217
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Wang Y, Reiter RJ, Chan Z. Phytomelatonin: a universal abiotic stress regulator. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:963-974. [PMID: 29281056 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a derivative of tryptophan, was first detected in plant species in 1995 and it has been shown to be a diverse regulator during plant growth and development, and in stress responses. Recently, great progress has been made towards determining the detailed functions of melatonin in plant responses to abiotic stress. Melatonin priming improves plant tolerance to cold, heat, salt, and drought stresses through regulation of genes involved in the DREB/CBF, HSF, SOS, and ABA pathways, respectively. As a scavenger of free radicals, melatonin also directly detoxifies reactive oxygen species, thus alleviating membrane oxidation. Abiotic stress-inhibited photosynthesis is partially recovered and metabolites accumulate in the presence of melatonin, leading to improved plant growth, delayed leaf senescence, and increased stress tolerance. In this review, we summarize the interactions of melatonin with phytohormones to regulate downstream gene expression, protein stabilization, and epigenetic modification in plants. Finally, we consider the need for, and approaches to, the identification of melatonin receptors and components during signaling transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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218
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Melatonin Alleviates High Temperature-Induced Pollen Abortion in Solanum lycopersicum. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020386. [PMID: 29439470 PMCID: PMC6017144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic signal molecule that plays critical roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as providing physiological protections against various environmental stresses. Nonetheless, the mechanisms for melatonin-mediated pollen thermotolerance remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that irrigation treatment with melatonin (20 µM) effectively ameliorated high temperature-induced inactivation of pollen and inhibition of pollen germination in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Melatonin alleviated reactive oxygen species production in tomato anthers under high temperature by the up-regulation of the transcription and activities of several antioxidant enzymes. Transmission electron micrograph results showed that high temperature-induced pollen abortion is associated with a premature degeneration of the tapetum cells and the formation of defective pollen grains with degenerated nuclei at the early uninuclear microspore stage, whilst melatonin protected degradation of organelles by enhancing the expression of heat shock protein genes to refold unfolded proteins and the expression of autophagy-related genes and formation of autophagosomes to degrade denatured proteins. These findings suggest a novel function of melatonin to protect pollen activity under high temperature and support the potential effects of melatonin on reproductive development of plants.
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219
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Sheshadri SA, Nishanth MJ, Yamine V, Simon B. Effect of Melatonin on the stability and expression of reference genes in Catharanthus roseus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2222. [PMID: 29403001 PMCID: PMC5799177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Melatonin in influencing diverse genes in plants has gained momentum in recent years and many reports have employed qRT-PCR for their quantification. Relative quantification of gene expression relies on accurate normalization of qRT-PCR data against a stably-expressing internal reference-gene. Although researchers have been using commonly available reference-genes to assess Melatonin-induced gene expression, but to-date, there have been no attempts to validate the reference-gene stability under Melatonin-supplementation in planta. In this study, we performed stability assessment of common reference-genes under Melatonin-supplementation and abiotic stress in leaves and seedlings of Catharanthus roseus using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt and RefFinder algorithms. Nine candidate reference-genes were tested for stability in C. roseus (FBOX, CACS, TIP, RSP9, EXP, EXPR, SAND, F17M5, ACT) and our study inferred that while EXP and EXPR were the most-stable, F17M5 was the lowest-stable gene in the leaf-fed samples. Among seedlings of C. roseus, F17M5 and TIP were the most, while ACT was the least-stable gene. The suitability of selected stable reference-gene pairs was demonstrated by assessing the transcript levels of the Melatonin-biosynthesis gene SNAT under same conditions. Our study is the first to comprehensively analyze the stability of commonly-used reference-genes under Melatonin-induced conditions in C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Sheshadri
- Phytoengineering Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - M J Nishanth
- Phytoengineering Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - V Yamine
- Phytoengineering Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Bindu Simon
- Phytoengineering Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India.
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220
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Ashraf MA, Akbar A, Parveen A, Rasheed R, Hussain I, Iqbal M. Phenological application of selenium differentially improves growth, oxidative defense and ion homeostasis in maize under salinity stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:268-280. [PMID: 29275208 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of selenium (Se) mediating plant salt tolerance is not well understood and information on how plant growth and development is regulated by phenological Se application (20 and 40 mg/L) under salinity stress is scarce. In present study, we have appraised the impact of phenological Se application on growth, antioxidant defense system and ionic imbalance in maize under salinity. Salinity (12 dS m-1) reduced growth, concentration of chlorophyll and K+ in root and leaf. Contrarily, salinity increased toxic Na+, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 concentration that resulted in oxidative damage. Lower level of Se application (20 mg/L) increased growth and chlorophyll by reducing oxidative damage due to high cell concentrations of MDA and H2O2. Se reduced endogenous levels of H2O2 and MDA under salinity. Moreover, Se regulated antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) and influenced the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenolics and flavonoids). Se-induced better antioxidant system protected plants from oxidative damage. We have also recorded substantial increase in K+ and decrease in Na+ concentration in plants treated with 20 mg/L Se under salinity stress. The impact of Se on plant growth and development is linked with the growth stage of exogenous application. Foliar Se at reproductive and both vegetative and reproductive stages improved salinity tolerance in maize compared with vegetative stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abida Parveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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221
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Melatonin increases chilling tolerance in postharvest peach fruit by alleviating oxidative damage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:806. [PMID: 29339757 PMCID: PMC5770464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has been reported to alleviate chilling symptoms in postharvest peach fruit during cold storage, however, the mechanism involved is largely unknown. To better understand its role in chilling tolerance, here we investigated the effects of melatonin on oxidative damage in peach fruit subjected to chilling after harvest. Chilling injury of peaches was dramatically reduced by melatonin treatment. Melatonin induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content at the early stage of storage but inhibited its accumulation thereafter. Meanwhile, melatonin also up-regulated the expression of genes involved in antioxidant responses in peaches. In addition, compared to the control fruit, peaches treated with melatonin displayed higher transcript abundance of ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthetic genes and consequently increased the AsA content. Our results suggested that in response to melatonin during chilling, the high H2O2 level in the treated peaches at the initial time of storage, may work as a signaling molecule to induce protective mechanisms via up-regulating the expression of antioxidative genes and increasing AsA content. On the other hand, after the transient increase in the treated peaches, H2O2 was efficiently removed because of the activated antioxidant systems, which was associated with the higher chilling tolerance induced by melatonin.
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222
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Nawaz MA, Jiao Y, Chen C, Shireen F, Zheng Z, Imtiaz M, Bie Z, Huang Y. Melatonin pretreatment improves vanadium stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings by reducing vanadium concentration in the leaves and regulating melatonin biosynthesis and antioxidant-related gene expression. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:115-127. [PMID: 29172132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is an important heavy metal with ubiquitous presence in the Earth's crust, but limited information is available as to its effect on plants and management strategies. Melatonin is a widely studied biomolecule; it acts as an antioxidant and a signaling molecule that enhances the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. Melatonin improves copper, zinc, and cadmium tolerance in plants. In this study, we investigated the response of watermelon seedlings to V stress and the potential role of melatonin in enhancing V stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings. The results showed that seedlings pretreated with melatonin (0.1μM) exposed to V (50mg/L) had a higher relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), photosynthetic assimilation, and plant growth compared with non-melatonin pretreated seedlings. Melatonin pretreatment lowered leaf and stem V concentrations by reducing V transport from root to shoot. Melatonin pretreatment enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of watermelon seedlings, by regulating melatonin biosynthesis and gene expression for superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. So far as we know, these results are the first evidence that melatonin improves plant growth of watermelon seedlings under vanadium stress conditions. Considering these observations, melatonin can be utilized to reduce the availability of V to plants, and improve plant growth and V stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Department of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Yanyan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Fareeha Shireen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zuhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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223
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Yang Y, Guo Y. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms mediating plant salt-stress responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:523-539. [PMID: 29205383 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 523 I. Introduction 523 II. Sensing salt stress 524 III. Ion homeostasis regulation 524 IV. Metabolite and cell activity responses to salt stress 527 V. Conclusions and perspectives 532 Acknowledgements 533 References 533 SUMMARY: Excess soluble salts in soil (saline soils) are harmful to most plants. Salt imposes osmotic, ionic, and secondary stresses on plants. Over the past two decades, many determinants of salt tolerance and their regulatory mechanisms have been identified and characterized using molecular genetics and genomics approaches. This review describes recent progress in deciphering the mechanisms controlling ion homeostasis, cell activity responses, and epigenetic regulation in plants under salt stress. Finally, we highlight research areas that require further research to reveal new determinants of salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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224
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Liu D, Liu M, Liu XL, Cheng XG, Liang ZW. Silicon Priming Created an Enhanced Tolerance in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Seedlings in Response to High Alkaline Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:716. [PMID: 29896213 PMCID: PMC5986902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline stress as a result of higher pH usually triggers more severe physiological damage to plants than that of saline stress with a neutral pH. In the present study, we demonstrated that silicon (Si) priming of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings increased their tolerance to high alkaline stress situations. Gongnong No. 1 seedlings were subjected to alkaline stress simulated by 25 mM Na2CO3 (pH 11.2). Alkaline stress greatly decreased the biomass and caused severe lodging or wilting of alfalfa seedlings. In contrast, the application of Si to alfalfa seedlings 36 h prior to the alkaline treatment significantly alleviated the damage symptoms and greatly increased the biomass and chlorophyll content. Because of being concomitant with increasing photosynthesis and water use efficiency, decreasing membrane injury and malondialdehyde content, and increasing peroxidase and catalase ascorbate activities in alfalfa leaves, thereby alleviating the triggered oxidative damage by alkaline stress to the plant. Furthermore, Si priming significantly decreased the accumulation of protein and proline content in alfalfa, thus reducing photosynthetic feedback repression. Si priming significantly accumulated more Na in the roots, but led to a decrease of Na accumulation and an increase of K accumulation in the leaves under alkaline stress. Meanwhile, Si priming decreased the accumulation of metal ions such as Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the roots of alfalfa seedlings under alkaline stress. Collectively, these results suggested that Si is involved in the metabolic or physiological changes and has a potent priming effect on the alkaline tolerance of alfalfa seedlings. The present study indicated that Si priming is a new approach to improve the alkaline tolerance in alfalfa and provides increasing information for further exploration of the alkaline stress response at the molecular level in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Guo Cheng
- Lab of Plant Nutrition Molecular Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Guo Cheng, Zheng-Wei Liang,
| | - Zheng-Wei Liang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Guo Cheng, Zheng-Wei Liang,
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225
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Li X, Huang L, Lu J, Cheng Y, You Q, Wang L, Song X, Zhou X, Jiao Y. Large-Scale Investigation of Soybean Gene Functions by Overexpressing a Full-Length Soybean cDNA Library in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:631. [PMID: 29868085 PMCID: PMC5954216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular breeding has become an important approach for crop improvement, and a prerequisite for molecular breeding is elucidation of the functions of genetic loci or genes. Soybean is one of the most important food and oil crops worldwide. However, due to the difficulty of genetic transformation in soybean, studies of its functional genomics lag far behind those of other crops such as rice, which severely impairs the progress of molecular improvement in soybean. Here, we describe an effective large-scale strategy to investigate the functions of soybean genes via overexpression of a full-length soybean cDNA library in Arabidopsis. The overexpression vector pJL12 was modified for use in the construction of a normalized full-length cDNA library. The constructed cDNA library showed good quality; repetitive clones represented approximately 4%, insertion fragments were approximately 2.2 kb, and the full-length rate was approximately 98%. This cDNA library was then overexpressed in Arabidopsis, and approximately 2000 transgenic lines were preliminarily obtained. Phenotypic analyses of the positive T1 transgenic plants showed that more than 5% of the T1 transgenic lines displayed abnormal developmental phenotypes, and approximately 1% of the transgenic lines exhibited potentially favorable traits. We randomly amplified 4 genes with obvious phenotypes (enlarged seeds, yellowish leaves, more branches, and dense siliques) and repeated the transgenic analyses in Arabidopsis. Subsequent phenotypic observation demonstrated that these phenotypes were indeed due to the overexpression of soybean genes. We believe our strategy represents an effective large-scale approach to investigate the functions of soybean genes and further reveal genes favorable for molecular improvement in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingbo You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- The College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqing Jiao,
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226
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Cui G, Zhao X, Liu S, Sun F, Zhang C, Xi Y. Beneficial effects of melatonin in overcoming drought stress in wheat seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:138-149. [PMID: 28633086 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin plays an important role in abiotic stress in plant, but its role in wheat drought tolerance is less known. To verify its role, wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. 'Yan 995') at 60% and 40% of field capacity were treated with 500 μM melatonin in this study. Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the drought tolerance of wheat seedlings, as demonstrated by decreased membrane damage, more intact grana lamella of chloroplast, higher photosynthetic rate, and maximum efficiency of photosystem II, as well as higher cell turgor and water holding capacity in melatonin-treated seedlings. Besides, melatonin markedly decreased the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in melatonin-treated seedlings, which is attributed to the increased total antioxidant capacity, GSH and AsA contents, as well as enzyme activity including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione transferase (GST). The GSH-AsA related genes including APX, MDHAR, and DHAR were commonly upregulated by melatonin and correlated to the antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the content of GSH and AsA, indicating that the increase of GSH and AsA was attributed to the expression of these genes. Our result confirmed the mitigation potential of melatonin in drought stress and certain mechanisms of melatonin-induced GSH and AsA accumulation, which could deepen our understanding of melatonin-induced drought tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Cui
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengli Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yajun Xi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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227
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Li J, Li Y, Tian Y, Qu M, Zhang W, Gao L. Melatonin Has the Potential to Alleviate Cinnamic Acid Stress in Cucumber Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1193. [PMID: 28751899 PMCID: PMC5508022 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamic acid (CA), which is a well-known major autotoxin secreted by the roots in cucumber continuous cropping, has been proven to exhibit inhibitory regulation of plant morphogenesis and development. Melatonin (MT) has been recently demonstrated to play important roles in alleviating plant abiotic stresses. To investigate whether MT supplementation could improve cucumber seedling growth under CA stress, we treated cucumber seeds and seedlings with/without MT under CA- or non-stress conditions, and then tested their effects on cucumber seedling growth, morphology, nutrient element content, and plant hormone. Overall, 10 μM MT best rescued cucumber seedling growth under 0.4 mM CA stress. MT was found to alleviate CA-stressed seedling growth by increasing the growth rates of cotyledons and leaves and by stimulating lateral root growth. Additionally, MT increased the allocation of newly gained dry weight in roots and improved the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to CA stress by altering the nutrient elements and hormone contents of the whole plant. These results strongly suggest that the application of MT can effectively improve cucumber seedling tolerance to CA stress through the perception and integration of morphology, nutrient element content and plant hormone signaling crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Mei Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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228
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Chen Z, Xie Y, Gu Q, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Cui W, Xu S, Wang R, Shen W. The AtrbohF-dependent regulation of ROS signaling is required for melatonin-induced salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:465-477. [PMID: 28412199 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although several literatures confirmed the beneficial roles of exogenous melatonin in the enhancement of salinity tolerance in plants, whether or how endogenous melatonin confers plant salinity tolerance is still elusive. In the report, we observed impaired melatonin level and salinity hypersensitivity in atsnat, the Arabidopsis melatonin synthesis mutant. Above hypersensitivity was rescued by melatonin or hydrogen peroxide. Meanwhile, melatonin-mediated salt tolerance in wild-type was abolished by an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, suggesting the possible role of NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS). Genetic evidence further showed that the rapid stimulated RbohF transcripts and production of ROS elicited by melatonin in stressed wild-type plants were largely abolished by the mutation of AtrbohF. Meanwhile, salinity sensitivity of atrbohF mutant was not altered by melatonin, which was consistent with the higher Na+ content and the resulting greater Na+/K+ ratio, compared with those in wild-type plants. Further changes of SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3 transcripts suggested that the melatonin-triggered SOS-mediated Na+ efflux might be mediated by AtrbohF-dependent ROS. The addition of melatonin could intensify the increased antioxidant defence in stressed wild-type but not in atrbohF mutant, both of which were confirmed by the histochemical staining for ROS production and lipid peroxidation during the later period of stress. Collectively, our genetic and molecular evidence revealed that the AtrbohF-dependent ROS signaling is required for melatonin-induced salinity tolerance via the reestablishment of ion and redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiti Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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229
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Li D, Zhao Y, Ding W, Zhao P, Xu JW, Li T, Ma H, Yu X. A strategy for promoting lipid production in green microalgae Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 by combined melatonin and photoinduction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 235:104-112. [PMID: 28365337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae lipids are potential candidates for the production of renewable biodiesel. The combination of plant hormones and two-step cultivation regulates lipid production in microalgae. A strategy for promoting lipid accumulation in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 by combining exogenous melatonin (MT) and photoinduction was developed. The effects of melatonin on the lipid content, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activities of three key fatty acid biosynthetic enzyme in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 were investigated. The lipid content increased by 1.32-fold under 1μM melatonin treatment. The maximum lipid content achieved was 49.6%. However, the protein and carbohydrate contents decreased rapidly from 57.21% to 47.96% and from 53.4% to 37.71%, respectively. Biochemical and physiological analyses suggested that the ROS and lipid biosynthesis-related enzyme activities correlated with increased lipid accumulation under photo-melatonin induction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huixian Ma
- School of Foreign Languages, Kunming University, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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230
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Pan WJ, Tao JJ, Cheng T, Shen M, Ma JB, Zhang WK, Lin Q, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Soybean NIMA-Related Kinase1 Promotes Plant Growth and Improves Salt and Cold Tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1268-1278. [PMID: 28444301 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
NEK (NIMA-related kinase) is known as a family of serine/threonine kinases which mainly participate in microtubule-related mitotic events in fungi, mammals and other eukaryotes. Our previous studies found that Arabidopsis NEK6 plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. We further investigated roles of the NEK family in soybean and found that at least eight members can respond to abiotic stresses. Among them, only GmNEK1, a novel NEK member which is distantly related to Arabidopsis NEK6, enhanced plant growth and promoted salt and cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The growth of soybean plants harboring GmNEK1-overexpressing hairy roots under saline condition was also improved. A series of stress-related genes including RH3, CORI3 and ALDH10A8 were found to be up-regulated in GmNEK1-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants and soybean hairy roots. Moreover, soybean plants with GmRH3-overexpressing hairy roots exhibited increased salt tolerance, while soybean plants with GmRH3-RNAi (RNA interference) roots were more sensitive to salt stress than the wild-type plants. Our study uncovers a novel role for GmNEK1 in promoting plant adaptive growth under adverse conditions at least partially through up-regulation of GmRH3. Manipulation of these genes in soybean or other crops may improve growth and production under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Pan
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Shen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Biao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Lin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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231
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Arora D, Bhatla SC. Melatonin and nitric oxide regulate sunflower seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential expression of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:315-328. [PMID: 28254544 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinity results in significant reduction in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedling growth and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Present work highlights the possible role of melatonin as an antioxidant through its interaction with nitric oxide (NO), and as an early and long distance NaCl-stress sensing signaling molecule in seedling cotyledons. Exogenous melatonin (15µM)±NaCl (120mM) inhibit seedling growth, which is also correlated with NO availability, accumulation of potential superoxide anion (O2•-) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), extent of tyrosine-nitration of proteins, spatial localization and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms. NO acts as a positive modulator of melatonin accumulation in seedling cotyledons as a long-distance signaling response. Modulation of superoxide anion and peroxynitrite anion content by melatonin highlights its crucial role in combating deleterious effects of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Present findings provide evidence for an interaction between melatonin and NO in their effect on seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential modulation of two SOD isoforms, i.e. Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Arora
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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232
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Antoniou C, Chatzimichail G, Xenofontos R, Pavlou JJ, Panagiotou E, Christou A, Fotopoulos V. Melatonin systemically ameliorates drought stress-induced damage in Medicago sativa plants by modulating nitro-oxidative homeostasis and proline metabolism. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28226194 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have uncovered the multifunctional role of melatonin in plant physiological responses under optimal and suboptimal environmental conditions. In this study, we explored whether melatonin pretreatment could provoke priming effects in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants subsequently exposed to prolonged drought stress (7 days), by withholding watering. Results revealed that the rhizospheric application of melatonin (10 μmol L-1 ) remarkably enhanced the drought tolerance of alfalfa plants, as evidenced by the observed plant tolerant phenotype, as well as by the higher levels of chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance, compared with nontreated drought-stressed plants. In addition, lower levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA content) as well as of both H2 O2 and NO contents in primed compared with nonprimed stressed plants suggest that melatonin pretreatment resulted in the systemic mitigation of drought-induced nitro-oxidative stress. Nitro-oxidative homeostasis was achieved by melatonin through the regulation of reactive oxygen (SOD, GR, CAT, APX) and nitrogen species (NR, NADHde) metabolic enzymes at the enzymatic and/or transcript level. Moreover, melatonin pretreatment resulted in the limitation of cellular redox disruption through the regulation of the mRNA levels of antioxidant and redox-related components (ADH, AOX, GST7, GST17), as well via osmoprotection through the regulation of proline homeostasis, at both the enzymatic (P5CS) and gene expression level (P5CS, P5CR). Overall, novel results highlight the importance of melatonin as a promising priming agent for the enhancement of plant tolerance to drought conditions through the regulation of nitro-oxidative and osmoprotective homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Giannis Chatzimichail
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Rafaella Xenofontos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Jan J Pavlou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Evangelia Panagiotou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Natural Recourses, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
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233
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Macovei A, Pagano A, Leonetti P, Carbonera D, Balestrazzi A, Araújo SS. Systems biology and genome-wide approaches to unveil the molecular players involved in the pre-germinative metabolism: implications on seed technology traits. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:669-688. [PMID: 27730302 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The pre-germinative metabolism is among the most fascinating aspects of seed biology. The early seed germination phase, or pre-germination, is characterized by rapid water uptake (imbibition), which directs a series of dynamic biochemical events. Among those are enzyme activation, DNA damage and repair, and use of reserve storage compounds, such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Industrial seedling production and intensive agricultural production systems require seed stocks with high rate of synchronized germination and low dormancy. Consequently, seed dormancy, a quantitative trait related to the activation of the pre-germinative metabolism, is probably the most studied seed trait in model species and crops. Single omics, systems biology, QTLs and GWAS mapping approaches have unveiled a list of molecules and regulatory mechanisms acting at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Most of the identified candidate genes encode for regulatory proteins targeting ROS, phytohormone and primary metabolisms, corroborating the data obtained from simple molecular biology approaches. Emerging evidences show that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in the regulation of these mentioned processes, constituting a still unexploited strategy to modulate seed traits. The present review will provide an up-date of the current knowledge on seed pre-germinative metabolism, gathering the most relevant results from physiological, genetics, and omics studies conducted in model and crop plants. The effects exerted by the biotic and abiotic stresses and priming are also addressed. The possible implications derived from the modulation of pre-germinative metabolism will be discussed from the point of view of seed quality and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Leonetti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbonera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Susana S Araújo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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234
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Koca Çalişkan U, Aka C, Bor E. Melatonin in Edible and Non-Edible Plants. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:75-83. [PMID: 32454597 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.33043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The concept of melatonin has become more important recently both in plants and in human who utilize plants for nutritional and health purposes. Melatonin, synthesized from L-tryptophan by enzyms, protects plants against difficult conditions. People have consumed these plants for their antioxidant, immunomodulator, antiinflammatory and anticancer effects. In parts of edible and non-edible plants, levels of melatonin are determined by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, radioimmunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectrophotometry. In this review, biosynthesis of melatonin in both animal and plants, function of melatonin in plant kingdom, especially in medicinal/edible and nonedible plants, and detection of phytomelatonin content in those plants are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Koca Çalişkan
- Gazi University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Aka
- Gazi University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emrah Bor
- Gazi University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
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235
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Zheng X, Zhou J, Tan DX, Wang N, Wang L, Shan D, Kong J. Melatonin Improves Waterlogging Tolerance of Malus baccata (Linn.) Borkh. Seedlings by Maintaining Aerobic Respiration, Photosynthesis and ROS Migration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:483. [PMID: 28424730 PMCID: PMC5380759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging, one of the notorious abiotic stressors, retards the growth of apple plants and reduces their production. Thus, it is an urgent agenda for scientists to identify the suitable remedies for this problem. In the current study, we found that melatonin significantly improved the tolerance of apple seedlings against waterlogging stress. This was indicated by the reduced chlorosis and wilting of the seedlings after melatonin applications either by leaf spray or root irrigation. The mechanisms involve in that melatonin functions to maintain aerobic respiration, preserves photosynthesis and reduces oxidative damage of the plants which are under waterlogging stress. Melatonin application also enhances the gene expression of its synthetic enzymes (MbT5H1, MbAANAT3, MbASMT9) and increases melatonin production. This is the first report of a positive feedback that exogenous melatonin application promotes the melatonin synthesis in plants. A post-transcriptional regulation apparently participated in this regulation. When exogenous melatonin meets the requirement of the plants it is found that the protein synthesis of MbASMT9 was suppressed. Taken together, the results showed that melatonin was an effective molecule to protect plant, particularly apple plant, against waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jingzhe Zhou
- Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Work StationBeijing, China
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San AntonioTX, USA
| | - Na Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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236
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Lee K, Back K. Overexpression of rice serotonin N-acetyltransferase 1 in transgenic rice plants confers resistance to cadmium and senescence and increases grain yield. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28118490 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While ectopic overexpression of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) in plants has been accomplished using animal SNAT genes, ectopic overexpression of plant SNAT genes in plants has not been investigated. Because the plant SNAT protein differs from that of animals in its subcellular localization and enzyme kinetics, its ectopic overexpression in plants would be expected to give outcomes distinct from those observed from overexpression of animal SNAT genes in transgenic plants. Consistent with our expectations, we found that transgenic rice plants overexpressing rice (Oryza sativa) SNAT1 (OsSNAT1) did not show enhanced seedling growth like that observed in ovine SNAT-overexpressing transgenic rice plants, although both types of plants exhibited increased melatonin levels. OsSNAT1-overexpressing rice plants did show significant resistance to cadmium and senescence stresses relative to wild-type controls. In contrast to tomato, melatonin synthesis in rice seedlings was not induced by selenium and OsSNAT1 transgenic rice plants did not show tolerance to selenium. T2 homozygous OsSNAT1 transgenic rice plants exhibited increased grain yield due to increased panicle number per plant under paddy field conditions. These benefits conferred by ectopic overexpression of OsSNAT1 had not been observed in transgenic rice plants overexpressing ovine SNAT, suggesting that plant SNAT functions differently from animal SNAT in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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237
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Lee HY, Back K. Melatonin is required for H 2 O 2 - and NO-mediated defense signaling through MAPKKK3 and OXI1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27862280 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin influences plant innate immunity through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, the most upstream MAPK component in melatonin signaling and the dependence of generation of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst on melatonin synthesis and signaling remain unclear. In this study, treatment of several mekk (alias mapkkk)-knockout Arabidopsis mutants with melatonin revealed that the MAPKKK3 and OXI1 (oxidative signal-inducible1) kinases are responsible for triggering melatonin-induced defense signaling pathways. In addition, melatonin induction upon infection with the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (avrRpt2) was independent of H2 O2 and NO individually, but dependent on the combination of H2 O2 and NO. Moreover, melatonin-mediated induction of the expression of defense-related genes, such as PR1 and ICS1, was not altered in the H2 O2 -deficient rbohD/F-knockout mutant cotreated with an NO scavenger, indicating that melatonin functions downstream of the ROS and NO burst. Collectively, the data indicate that melatonin-mediated induction of an innate immune response requires multiple signaling molecules and activation of MAPKKK3 and OXI1, followed by triggering of downstream MAPK cascades, such as MAPK3 and MAPK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Yool Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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238
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Jiang C, Zu C, Lu D, Zheng Q, Shen J, Wang H, Li D. Effect of exogenous selenium supply on photosynthesis, Na + accumulation and antioxidative capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42039. [PMID: 28169318 PMCID: PMC5294586 DOI: 10.1038/srep42039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of selenium-mediated salt tolerance has not been fully clarified. This study investigated the possible role of selenium (Se) in regulating maize salt tolerance. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of Se (0, 1, 5 and 25 μM Na2SeO3) in photosynthesis, antioxidative capacity and ion homeostasis in maize under salinity. The results showed that Se (1 μM) relieved the salt-induced inhibitory effects on the plant growth and development of 15-day-old maize plants. Se application (1 μM) also increased the net photosynthetic rate and alleviated the damage to chloroplast ultrastructure induced by NaCl. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were increased, and ZmMPK5, ZmMPK7 and ZmCPK11 were markedly up-regulated in the roots of Se-treated plants, likely contributing to the improvement of antioxidant defence systems under salinity. Moreover, 1 μM Se increased K+ in the shoots while decreasing Na+ in the roots, indicating that Se up-regulates ZmNHX1 in the roots, which may be involved in Na+ compartmentalisation under salinity. The findings from this single experiment require repetition together with measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but nevertheless suggest that exogenous Se alleviates salt stress in maize via the improvement of photosynthetic capacity, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the regulation of Na+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Chaolong Zu
- Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Dianjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jia Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Huoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Decheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
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239
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Liang C, Li A, Yu H, Li W, Liang C, Guo S, Zhang R, Chu C. Melatonin Regulates Root Architecture by Modulating Auxin Response in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:134. [PMID: 28223997 PMCID: PMC5293752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that melatonin acts as an important regulator in controlling root growth and development, but the underlying molecular mechanism driving this relationship remains undetermined. In this study, we demonstrated that melatonin acts as a potent molecule to govern root architecture in rice. Treatments with melatonin significantly inhibited embryonic root growth, and promoted lateral root formation and development. Genome-wide expression profiling by RNA-sequencing revealed auxin-related genes were significantly activated under melatonin treatment. Moreover, several transcription factors and candidate cis-regulatory elements involved in root growth and developments, as well as auxin-related processes, were over-represented in both co-up and -down differentially expressed genes, suggesting that melatonin-mediated root growth occurs in an auxin signal pathway-dependent manner. Further, gravitropic response analysis determined that melatonin affects auxin-regulated processes in rice root. These data show that melatonin shapes root architecture by directly or indirectly activating the auxin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Aifu Li
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hua Yu
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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240
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Chen L, Fan J, Hu Z, Huang X, Amombo E, Liu A, Bi A, Chen K, Xie Y, Fu J. Melatonin Is Involved in Regulation of Bermudagrass Growth and Development and Response to Low K + Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2038. [PMID: 29234342 PMCID: PMC5712302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays critical roles in plant growth and development and during the response to multiple abiotic stresses. However, the roles of melatonin in plant response to K+ deficiency remain largely unknown. In the present study, we observed that the endogenous melatonin contents in bermudagrass were remarkably increased by low K+ (LK) treatment, suggesting that melatonin was involved in bermudagrass response to LK stress. Further phenotype analysis revealed that exogenous melatonin application conferred Bermudagrass enhanced tolerance to LK stress. Interestingly, exogenous melatonin application also promoted bermudagrass growth and development at normal condition. Furthermore, the K+ contents measurement revealed that melatonin-treated plants accumulated more K+ in both shoot (under both control and LK condition) and root tissues (under LK condition) compared with those of melatonin non-treated plants. Expression analysis indicated that the transcripts of K+ transport genes were significantly induced by exogenous melatonin treatment in bermudagrass under both control and LK stress conditions, especially under a combined treatment of LK stress and melatonin, which may increase accumulation of K+ content profoundly under LK stress and thereby contributed to the LK-tolerant phenotype. In addition, we investigated the role of melatonin in the regulation of photosystem II (PSII) activities under LK stress. The chlorophyll fluorescence transient (OJIP) curves were obviously higher in plants grown in LK with melatonin (LK+Mel) than those of plants grown in LK medium without melatonin application for 1 or 2 weeks, suggesting that melatonin plays important roles in PSII against LK stress. After a combined treatment of LK stress and melatonin, the values for performance indexes (PIABS, PITotal, and PICS), flux ratios (φP0, ΨE0, and φE0) and specific energy fluxes (ETO/RC) were significantly improved compared with those of LK stress alone, suggesting that melatonin plays positive roles in protecting PSII activity under LK stress. Collectively, this study reveals an important role of melatonin in regulating bermudagrass response to LK stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Chen,
| | - Jibiao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aoyue Bi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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241
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Tan DX, Manchester LC, Qin L, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122124. [PMID: 27999288 PMCID: PMC5187924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has been speculated to be mainly synthesized by mitochondria. This speculation is supported by the recent discovery that aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase/serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT/SNAT) is localized in mitochondria of oocytes and the isolated mitochondria generate melatonin. We have also speculated that melatonin is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. It accumulates in mitochondria with high concentration against a concentration gradient. This is probably achieved by an active transportation via mitochondrial melatonin transporter(s). Melatonin protects mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), and activating uncoupling proteins (UCPs). Thus, melatonin maintains the optimal mitochondrial membrane potential and preserves mitochondrial functions. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics is also regulated by melatonin. In most cases, melatonin reduces mitochondrial fission and elevates their fusion. Mitochondrial dynamics exhibit an oscillatory pattern which matches the melatonin circadian secretory rhythm in pinealeocytes and probably in other cells. Recently, melatonin has been found to promote mitophagy and improve homeostasis of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell System and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Lucien C Manchester
- Department of Cell System and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Lilan Qin
- Department of Cell System and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell System and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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242
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Sheshadri SA, Nishanth MJ, Simon B. Stress-Mediated cis-Element Transcription Factor Interactions Interconnecting Primary and Specialized Metabolism in planta. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1725. [PMID: 27933071 PMCID: PMC5122738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites are being used worldwide as therapeutic agents against several diseases. Since the precursors for specialized metabolites come through primary metabolism, extensive investigations have been carried out to understand the detailed connection between primary and specialized metabolism at various levels. Stress regulates the expression of primary and specialized metabolism genes at the transcriptional level via transcription factors binding to specific cis-elements. The presence of varied cis-element signatures upstream to different stress-responsive genes and their transcription factor binding patterns provide a prospective molecular link among diverse metabolic pathways. The pattern of occurrence of these cis-elements (overrepresentation/common) decipher the mechanism of stress-responsive upregulation of downstream genes, simultaneously forming a molecular bridge between primary and specialized metabolisms. Though many studies have been conducted on the transcriptional regulation of stress-mediated primary or specialized metabolism genes, but not much data is available with regard to cis-element signatures and transcription factors that simultaneously modulate both pathway genes. Hence, our major focus would be to present a comprehensive analysis of the stress-mediated interconnection between primary and specialized metabolism genes via the interaction between different transcription factors and their corresponding cis-elements. In future, this study could be further utilized for the overexpression of the specific transcription factors that upregulate both primary and specialized metabolism, thereby simultaneously improving the yield and therapeutic content of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bindu Simon
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
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243
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Moussa HR, Algamal SMA. Does Exogenous Application of Melatonin Ameliorate Boron Toxicity in Spinach Plants? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2016.1243184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helal Ragab Moussa
- Radioisotope Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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244
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Zhou C, Liu Z, Zhu L, Ma Z, Wang J, Zhu J. Exogenous Melatonin Improves Plant Iron Deficiency Tolerance via Increased Accumulation of Polyamine-Mediated Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111777. [PMID: 27792144 PMCID: PMC5133778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has recently been demonstrated to play important roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, the possible involvement of melatonin in Fe deficiency responses and the underlying mechanisms remained elusive in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, Fe deficiency quickly induced melatonin synthesis in Arabidopsis plants. Exogenous melatonin significantly increased the soluble Fe content of shoots and roots, and decreased the levels of root cell wall Fe bound to pectin and hemicellulose, thus alleviating Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis. Intriguingly, melatonin treatments induced a significant increase of nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in roots of Fe-deficient plants, but not in those of polyamine-deficient (adc2-1 and d-arginine-treated) plants. Moreover, the melatonin-alleviated leaf chlorosis was blocked in the polyamine- and NO-deficient (nia1nia2noa1 and c-PTIO-treated) plants, and the melatonin-induced Fe remobilization was largely inhibited. In addition, the expression of some Fe acquisition-related genes, including FIT1, FRO2, and IRT1 were significantly up-regulated by melatonin treatments, whereas the enhanced expression of these genes was obviously suppressed in the polyamine- and NO-deficient plants. Collectively, our results provide evidence to support the view that melatonin can increase the tolerance of plants to Fe deficiency in a process dependent on the polyamine-induced NO production under Fe-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhongyou Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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245
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Wei Y, Hu W, Wang Q, Liu W, Wu C, Zeng H, Yan Y, Li X, He C, Shi H. Comprehensive transcriptional and functional analyses of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava reveal their novel role in hypersensitive-like cell death. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35029. [PMID: 27739451 PMCID: PMC5064325 DOI: 10.1038/srep35029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a widely known hormone in animals. Since melatonin was discovered in plants, more and more studies highlight its involvement in a wide range of physiological processes including plant development and stress responses. Many advances have been made in the terms of melatonin-mediated abiotic stress resistance and innate immunity in plants, focusing on model plants such as rice and Arabidopsis. In this study, 7 melatonin synthesis genes were systematically analyzed in cassava. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that all these genes were commonly regulated by melatonin, flg22, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed the subcellular locations and possible roles of these melatonin synthesis genes. Notably, we highlight novel roles of these genes in hypersensitive-like cell death, as confirmed by the results of several physiological parameters. Moreover, transient expression of these genes had significant effects on the transcripts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and defense-related genes, and triggered the burst of callose depositions and papillae-associated plant defense, indicating the possible role of them in plant innate immunity. Taken together, this study reveals the comprehensive transcripts and putative roles of melatonin synthesis genes as well as melatonin in immune responses in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, Hainan province, 571101, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongqiu Zeng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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246
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Lee HJ, Back K. 2-Hydroxymelatonin promotes the resistance of rice plant to multiple simultaneous abiotic stresses (combined cold and drought). J Pineal Res 2016; 61:303-16. [PMID: 27264781 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the physiological roles of 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHMel) in rice seedlings. When they were challenged with simultaneous multiple abiotic stressors, such as a combination of cold and drought, those pretreated with 2-OHMel were resistant, whereas no tolerance was observed in seedlings treated with either melatonin or water (control). The tolerance phenotype was associated with the induction of several transporter proteins, including the proton transporter (UCP1), potassium transporter (HKT1), and water channel protein (PIP2;1). Treatment with 2-OHMel increased the content of the osmoprotectant proline and maintained mitochondrial structure when plants were subjected to a combination of cold and drought stress. We screened the corresponding transcription factors (TFs) for 2-OHMel-mediated resistance to the combined stressors through analysis of large numbers of cold- and drought-related TFs. Two TFs, Myb4 and AP37, were only induced by 2-OHMel treatment. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing rice Myb4 were not resistant to the combined stressors; however, the expression of UCP1, HKT1, and PIP2;1 transcripts was slightly enhanced. These data show that 2-OHMel alleviates the effects of simultaneous abiotic stressors via the actions of multiple TFs, including Myb4 and AP37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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247
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Li MQ, Hasan MK, Li CX, Ahammed GJ, Xia XJ, Shi K, Zhou YH, Reiter RJ, Yu JQ, Xu MX, Zhou J. Melatonin mediates selenium-induced tolerance to cadmium stress in tomato plants. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:291-302. [PMID: 27264631 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both selenium (Se) and melatonin reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake and mitigate Cd toxicity in plants. However, the relationship between Se and melatonin in Cd detoxification remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of three forms of Se (selenocysteine, sodium selenite, and sodium selenate) on the biosynthesis of melatonin and the tolerance against Cd in tomato plants. Pretreatment with different forms of Se significantly induced the biosynthesis of melatonin and its precursors (tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin); selenocysteine had the most marked effect on melatonin biosynthesis. Furthermore, Se and melatonin supplements significantly increased plant Cd tolerance as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition, photoinhibition, and electrolyte leakage (EL). Se-induced Cd tolerance was compromised in melatonin-deficient plants following tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) gene silencing. Se treatment increased the levels of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), as well as the expression of GSH and PC biosynthetic genes in nonsilenced plants, but the effects of Se were compromised in TDC-silenced plants under Cd stress. In addition, Se and melatonin supplements reduced Cd content in leaves of nonsilenced plants, but Se-induced reduction in Cd content was compromised in leaves of TDC-silenced plants. Taken together, our results indicate that melatonin is involved in Se-induced Cd tolerance via the regulation of Cd detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Xu
- Geological Research Center for Agricultural Applications, China Geological Survey, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China.
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248
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Li C, Liang B, Chang C, Wei Z, Zhou S, Ma F. Exogenous melatonin improved potassium content in Malus under different stress conditions. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:218-29. [PMID: 27145234 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin mediates many physiological processes in plants. We investigated its role in regulating growth, potassium uptake, and root system architecture under three types of stress: salinity or a deficiency of all nutrients in Malus hupehensis Rehd., as well as a K deficiency in Malus rockii Rehd. Each treatment caused a reduction in growth rates and disrupted the absorption of potassium. However, pretreatment with 0.1 mmol/L melatonin significantly alleviated such inhibitions. The addition of melatonin also upregulated genes for antioxidant enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (MdcAPX, MdDHAR1, MdDHAR2, MdMDHAR, and MdcGR) and helped decrease the accumulation of H2 O2 while improving the expression of K transporters and genes for the CBL1-CIPK23 pathway. These results indicated that melatonin can regulate the ROS signal and activate the CBL1-CIPK23 pathway to regulate the expression of a potassium channel protein gene, thereby promoting the absorption of potassium ions. Our findings demonstrate that inducing melatonin production is an important mechanism for plant defenses that can serve as a platform for possible applications in agricultural or related fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bowen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shasha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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249
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Melatonin and nitric oxide modulate glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity in sunflower seedling cotyledons accompanying salt stress. Nitric Oxide 2016; 59:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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250
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Tan DX, Hardeland R, Back K, Manchester LC, Alatorre-Jimenez MA, Reiter RJ. On the significance of an alternate pathway of melatonin synthesis via 5-methoxytryptamine: comparisons across species. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:27-40. [PMID: 27112772 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a phylogenetically ancient molecule. It is ubiquitously present in almost all organisms from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to humans. Its original primary function is presumable to be that of an antioxidant with other functions of this molecule having been acquired during evolution. The synthetic pathway of melatonin in vertebrates has been extensively studied. It is common knowledge that serotonin is acetylated to form N-acetylserotonin by arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) or arylamine N-acetyltransferase (SNAT or NAT) and N-acetylserotonin is, subsequently, methylated to melatonin by N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT; also known as hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, HIOMT). This is referred to as a classic melatonin synthetic pathway. Based on new evidence, we feel that this classic melatonin pathway is not generally the prevailing route of melatonin production. An alternate pathway is known to exist, in which serotonin is first O-methylated to 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) and, thereafter, 5-MT is N-acetylated to melatonin. Here, we hypothesize that the alternate melatonin synthetic pathway may be more important in certain organisms and under certain conditions. Evidence strongly supports that this alternate pathway prevails in some plants, bacteria, and, perhaps, yeast and may also occur in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Lucien C Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Moises A Alatorre-Jimenez
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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