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Ma W, Zhou X, Huang X, Xiong Y. Causal relationship between body mass index, type 2 diabetes and bone mineral density: Mendelian randomization. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290530. [PMID: 37782659 PMCID: PMC10545112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the relationship between Body Mass Index(BMI), type 2 diabetes, and bone mineral density(BMD) using a mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS GWAS data on BMI, type 2 diabetes, and BMD were selected from the IEU GWAS database at the University of Bristol.Univariable, multivariable, and mediated MR analyses were used to explore the relationship between BMI, type 2 diabetes, and BMD. beta(β) values were given, and three methods, including inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median, were used in this analysis. RESULTS Univariable mendelian randomization (UVMR) results showed that BMI and type 2 diabetes were positively associated with BMD. However, the association between BMI and BMD was insignificant in the multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis, while that between type 2 diabetes and BMD remained significant. Mediated MR analysis indicated that type 2 diabetes mediated the regulation of BMD by BMI. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence supporting a positive causal association between BMI, type 2 diabetes, and BMD. Type 2 diabetes acts as a mediator in the regulation of BMD by BMI, indicating that both BMI and type 2 diabetes exert a protective influence on BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ma
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Yong Xiong
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
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Yu C, Xu J, Xu S, Peng H, Tang L, Sun Z, Chen W. Causal relationship between dietary factors and breast cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20980. [PMID: 37867896 PMCID: PMC10587533 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have discovered an association between dietary factors and breast cancer. However, few studies have used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential causal relationship between dietary factors and breast cancer. Methods The exposure datasets for fresh fruit intake, dried fruit intake, salad/raw vegetable intake, cooked vegetable intake, oily fish intake, non-oily fish intake, cheese intake, and bread intake were obtained from the UK Biobank. The outcome dataset was extracted from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach for the two-sample MR analysis. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we conducted heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy analyses. Additionally, multivariable MR analysis was conducted to ensure the stability of the results. Results Dried fruit intake was found to be a protective factor for overall breast cancer (outliers excluded: OR: 0.549; 95 % CI: 0.429-0.702; p = 1.75 × 10-6). Subtype analyses showed that dried fruit intake was inversely associated with both estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (outliers excluded: OR: 0.669; 95 % CI: 0.512-0.875; p = 0.003) and ER-negative (ER-) breast cancer (OR: 0.559; 95 % CI: 0.379-0.827; p = 0.004), while fresh fruit intake was inversely associated with ER- breast cancer (excluded outliers: OR: 0.510; 95 % CI: 0.308-0.846; p = 0.009). No significant causal relationship was found between other dietary intakes and breast cancer. After adjusting for the effects of possible confounders, the causal relationships found by the two-sample MR analysis remained. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that dried fruit intake may reduce the risk of both ER+ and ER- breast cancer, and fresh fruit intake may reduce the risk of ER- breast cancer. Other factors included in this study were not linked to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Yu
- Department of breast surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi cancer hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 330029, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of breast surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi cancer hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 330029, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of breast surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi cancer hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 330029, China
| | - Huoping Peng
- Department of breast surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi cancer hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 330029, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of breast surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi cancer hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 330029, China
| | - Zhengkui Sun
- Department of breast surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi cancer hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 330029, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of breast surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi cancer hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 330029, China
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Ye L, Zhou J, Tian Y, Cui J, Chen C, Wang J, Wang Y, Wei Y, Ye J, Li C, Chai X, Sun C, Li F, Wang J, Guo Y, Jaakkola JJK, Lv Y, Zhang J, Shi X. Associations of residential greenness and ambient air pollution with overweight and obesity in older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2627-2637. [PMID: 37649157 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the impact of greenness and fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) on overweight/obesity among older adults in China. METHODS A total of 21,355 participants aged ≥65 years were included from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey between 2000 and 2018. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with a radius of 250 m and PM2.5 in a 1 × 1-km grid resolution were calculated around each participant's residence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effects of NDVI and PM2.5 on overweight/obesity. Interaction and mediation analyses were conducted to explore combined effects. RESULTS The study observed 1895 incident cases of overweight/obesity over 109,566 person-years. For every 0.1-unit increase in NDVI the hazard ratio of overweight/obesity was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.95), and for every 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 the hazard ratio was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07-1.14). The effect of NDVI on overweight/obesity was partially mediated by PM2.5 , with a relative mediation proportion of 20.10% (95% CI: 1.63%-38.57%). CONCLUSIONS Greenness exposure appears to lower the risk of overweight/obesity in older adults in China, whereas PM2.5 , acting as a mediator, partly mediated this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ye
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Tian
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Cui
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqing Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaming Ye
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfeng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Chai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chris Sun
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaonan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang B, Yuan Q, Luan Y, Xia J. Effect of women's fertility and sexual development on epigenetic clock: Mendelian randomization study. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:154. [PMID: 37770973 PMCID: PMC10540426 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In observational studies, women's fertility and sexual development traits may have implications for DNA methylation patterns, and pregnancy-related risk factors can also affect maternal DNA methylation patterns. The aim of our study is to disentangle any potential causal associations between women's fertility and sexual development traits and epigenetic clocks, as well as to search for probable mediators by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS Instrumental variables for exposures, mediators, and outcomes were adopted from genome-wide association studies data of European ancestry individuals. The potential causal relationship between women's fertility and sexual development traits and four epigenetic clocks were evaluated by inverse variance weighted method and verified by other two methods. Furthermore, we employed multivariable MR (MVMR) adjusting for hypertension, hyperglycemia, BMI changes, and insomnia. Then, combining the MVMR results and previous research, we performed two-step MR to explore the mediating effects of BMI, AFS, and AFB. Multiple sensitivity analyses were further performed to verify the robustness of our findings. RESULTS Leveraging two-sample MR analysis, we observed statistically significant associations between earlier age at first birth (AFB) with a higher HannumAge, PhenoAge and GrimAge acceleration(β = - 0.429, 95% CI [- 0.781 to - 0.077], p = 0.017 for HannumAge; β = - 0.571, 95% CI [- 1.006 to - 0.136], p = 0.010 for PhenoAge, and β = - 1.136, 95% CI [- 1.508 to - 0.765], p = 2.03E-09 for GrimAge respectively) and age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) with a higher HannumAge and GrimAge acceleration(β = - 0.175, 95% CI [- 0.336 to - 0.014], p = 0.033 for HannumAge; β = - 0.210, 95% CI [- 0.350 to - 0.070], p = 0.003 for GrimAge, respectively). Further analyses indicated that BMI, AFB and AFS played mediator roles in the path from women's fertility and sexual development traits to epigenetic aging. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that AFS and AFB are associated with epigenetic aging. These findings may prove valuable in informing the development of prevention strategies and interventions targeted towards women's fertility and sexual development experiences and their relationship with epigenetic aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road of Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qizhi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road of Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yining Luan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road of Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road of Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Li Y, Wang K, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wu Y, Zhao M. Revealing a causal relationship between gut microbiota and lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1200299. [PMID: 37829610 PMCID: PMC10565354 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota has been found to be associated with the risk of lung cancer. However, its causal relationship with various types of lung cancer remains unclear. Methods We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study using the largest genome-wide association analysis of gut microbiota data to date from the MiBioGen consortium, with pooled statistics for various types of lung cancer from the Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung, the International Lung Cancer Consortium, and FinnGen Consortium R7 release data. Inverse variance weighted, weighted model, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median were adapted to assess the causal relationship between gut microbiota and various types of lung cancer. Sensitivity analysis was used to test for the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity in instrumental variables. A reverse MR analysis was performed on these bacteria to determine their potential role in causing lung cancer. A reverse MR analysis was performed on these bacteria to determine their potential role in causing lung cancer. Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was conducted to assess the direct causal impact of gut microbiota on the risk of various types of lung cancer. Results Using IVW as the primary analytical method, we identified a total of 40 groups of gut microbiota with potential causal associations with various subtypes of lung cancer, of which 10 were associated with lung cancer, 10 with lung adenocarcinoma, 9 with squamous cell lung cancer, and 11 groups of bacteria associated with small cell lung cancer. After performing FDR correction, we further found that there was still a significant causal relationship between Peptococcaceae and lung adenocarcinoma. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of these results, with no heterogeneity or pleiotropy found. Conclusions Our results confirm a causal relationship between specific gut microbiota and lung cancer, providing new insights into the role of gut microbiota in mediating the development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuchong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jitao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Phase I Clinical Trails Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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206
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Deng MG, Liu F, Liang Y, Wang K, Nie JQ, Liu J. Association between frailty and depression: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3902. [PMID: 37729413 PMCID: PMC10511184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Frailty and depression were linked in observational studies, but the causality remains ambiguous. We intended to explore it using Mendelian randomization (MR). We obtained frailty genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from UK Biobank and TwinGen meta-analysis, and depression GWAS data from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and FinnGen (respectively recorded as PD and FD). We performed univariable and multivariable-adjusted MR with adjustments for body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA). Frailty was significantly associated with elevated risks of PD (OR, 1.860; 95% CI, 1.439 to 2.405; P < 0.001) and FD (OR, 1.745; 95% CI, 1.193 to 2.552; P = 0.004), and depression was meanwhile a susceptible factor for frailty (PD: β, 0.146; 95% CI, 0.086 to 0.201; P < 0.001; and FD: β, 0.112; 95% CI, 0.051 to 0.174; P < 0.001). This association was robust after adjustments for BMI or PA. Our study provides evidence of the bidirectional causal association between frailty and depression from genetic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Public Health, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Jia-Qi Nie
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
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Meng Y, Tan Z, Su Y, Li L, Chen C. Causal association between common rheumatic diseases and glaucoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227138. [PMID: 37799717 PMCID: PMC10550209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmunity and inflammation are the main characteristics of rheumatic diseases and have both been found to be related to glaucoma. However, it remains unclear whether rheumatic diseases increase the risk of glaucoma. Here, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal effects of six common rheumatic diseases on glaucoma. Methods Six rheumatic diseases were included: ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sicca syndrome/Sjögren's sydrome (SS), dermatomyositis (DM), and gout. Glaucoma included primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Genetic variants associated with these rheumatic diseases and glaucoma were extracted from the genome-wide association studies and FinnGen8 database, respectively. First, a two-sample MR was used to investigate the potential causal association. Then, a multivariable MR was conducted to further verify the results. Inverse-variance weighted MR analysis was used as the main method, together with several sensitivity analyses. Results Two-sample MR suggests that AS is related to a higher risk of both POAG [odds ratio (OR): 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.44; p = 1.1 × 10-4] and PACG (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.09-2.09, p = 1.4 × 10-2). Multivariable MR shows a similar trend of the effect of AS on POAG (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.22-1.90, p = 1.9 × 10-4) and PACG (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.06-3.95, p = 3.2 × 10-2). No significant association was observed between the other five rheumatic diseases and glaucoma. Conclusions AS is related to an increased risk of POAG and PACG. We stress the importance of glaucoma screening for AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongbiao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changzheng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liu Z, Wang H, Yang Z, Lu Y, Zou C. Causal associations between type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:236. [PMID: 37659996 PMCID: PMC10475187 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been demonstrated to pose an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between T1DM and CVDs remain unclear due to the uncontrolled confounding factors and reverse causation bias of the observational studies. METHODS Summary statistics of T1DM and seven CVDs from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry and FinnGen biobank were extracted for the primary MR analysis, and the analysis was replicated using UK biobank (UKBB) for validation. Three complementary methods: inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger were used for the MR estimates. The potential pleiotropic effects were assessed by MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO global test. Additionally, multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was performed to examine whether T1DM has independent effects on CVDs with adjustment of potential confounding factors. Moreover, a two-step MR approach was used to assess the potential mediating effects of these factors on the causal effects between T1DM and CVDs. RESULTS Causal effects of T1DM on peripheral atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.10; p = 0.002)] and coronary atherosclerosis (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05; p = 0.001) were found. The results were less likely to be biased by the horizontal pleiotropic effects (both p values of MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO Global test > 0.05). In the following MVMR analysis, we found the causal effects of T1DM on peripheral atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis remain significant after adjusting for a series of potential confounding factors. Moreover, we found that hypertension partly mediated the causal effects of T1DM on peripheral atherosclerosis (proportion of mediation effect in total effect: 11.47%, 95% CI: 3.23-19.71%) and coronary atherosclerosis (16.84%, 95% CI: 5.35-28.33%). We didn't find significant causal relationships between T1DM and other CVDs, including heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. For the reverse MR from CVD to T1DM, no significant causal relationships were identified. CONCLUSION This MR study provided evidence supporting the causal effect of T1DM on peripheral atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis, with hypertension partly mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haocheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengkai Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cao Zou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Vabistsevits M, Smith GD, Richardson TG, Richmond RC, Sieh W, Rothstein JH, Habel LA, Alexeeff SE, Lloyd-Lewis B, Sanderson E. The mediating role of mammographic density in the protective effect of early-life adiposity on breast cancer risk: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.01.23294765. [PMID: 37693539 PMCID: PMC10491349 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.23294765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that mammographic density (MD) may have a role in the unexplained protective effect of childhood adiposity on breast cancer risk. Here, we investigated a complex and interlinked relationship between puberty onset, adiposity, MD, and their effects on breast cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR). We estimated the effects of childhood and adulthood adiposity, and age at menarche on MD phenotypes (dense area (DA), non-dense area (NDA), percent density (PD)) using MR and multivariable MR (MVMR), allowing us to disentangle their total and direct effects. Next, we examined the effect of MD on breast cancer risk, including risk of molecular subtypes, and accounting for genetic pleiotropy. Finally, we used MVMR to evaluate whether the protective effect of childhood adiposity on breast cancer was mediated by MD. Childhood adiposity had a strong inverse effect on mammographic DA, while adulthood adiposity increased NDA. Later menarche had an effect of increasing DA and PD, but when accounting for childhood adiposity, this effect attenuated to the null. DA and PD had a risk-increasing effect on breast cancer across all subtypes. The MD single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) estimates were extremely heterogeneous, and examination of the SNPs suggested different mechanisms may be linking MD and breast cancer. Finally, MR mediation analysis estimated that 56% (95% CIs [32% - 79%]) of the childhood adiposity effect on breast cancer risk was mediated via DA. In this work, we sought to disentangle the relationship between factors affecting MD and breast cancer. We showed that higher childhood adiposity decreases mammographic DA, which subsequently leads to reduced breast cancer risk. Understanding this mechanism is of great importance for identifying potential targets of intervention, since advocating weight gain in childhood would not be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vabistsevits
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom G. Richardson
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, United States
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joseph H. Rothstein
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, United States
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
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210
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Zheng X, Liu M, Wu Z, Jia Z. Identifying the causal relationship between sedentary behavior and heart failure: Insights from a Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:1082-1089. [PMID: 37641542 PMCID: PMC10540015 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have revealed that a lack of physical exercise may be linked to a higher risk of heart failure (HF). Here, the causal relationship between sedentary behavior (SB) and HF was investigated using Mendelian randomization (MR). HYPOTHESIS SB was considered as an important risk factor of HF. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms with a genome-wide statistical significance threshold of <5 × 10-8 among the SB-proxied phenotypes (TV screen time, computer use, and driving) from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets were identified as instrumental variables (IVs). The MR study was performed using the inverse-variance weighting (IVW) model as a primary standard to evaluate causal relationships. Simultaneously, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and maximum likelihood models were used as supplements. Sensitivity analysis, consisting of a heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy test, was performed using Cochran's Q, MR-Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO tests to ensure the reliability of conclusions. RESULTS The IVW model results showed that increased TV screen time correlated with a higher genetic susceptibility for HF in both HF-associated GWAS datasets, which was also supported by weighted median and maximum likelihood model results. The odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were 1.418 (1.182-1.700) and 1.486 (1.136-1.943), respectively. Although the results of Cochran's Q test indicated certain heterogeneity among the IVs. The MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO tests suggested no horizontal pleiotropy and verified the reliability of the conclusion. CONCLUSIONS This MR study identified that increased TV screen time may predispose individuals to the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Zheng
- Department of CardiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Manqi Liu
- Department of CardiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Zijun Wu
- Department of CardiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of GeriatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
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211
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Zhou Y, Lin Z, Xie S, Gao Y, Zhou H, Chen F, Fu Y, Yang C, Ke C. Interplay of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and colorectal cancer development: unravelling the mediating role of fatty acids through a comprehensive multi-omics analysis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:587. [PMID: 37658368 PMCID: PMC10474711 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients often exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms, A potential association between COPD and Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has been indicated, warranting further examination. METHODS In this study, we collected COPD and CRC data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, genome-wide association studies, and RNA sequence for a comprehensive analysis. We used weighted logistic regression to explore the association between COPD and CRC incidence risk. Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to assess the causal relationship between COPD and CRC, and cross-phenotype meta-analysis was conducted to pinpoint crucial loci. Multivariable mendelian randomization was used to uncover mediating factors connecting the two diseases. Our results were validated using both NHANES and GEO databases. RESULTS In our analysis of the NHANES dataset, we identified COPD as a significant contributing factor to CRC development. MR analysis revealed that COPD increased the risk of CRC onset and progression (OR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.36). Cross-phenotype meta-analysis identified four critical genes associated with both CRC and COPD. Multivariable Mendelian randomization suggested body fat percentage, omega-3, omega-6, and the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio as potential mediating factors for both diseases, a finding consistent with the NHANES dataset. Further, the interrelation between fatty acid-related modules in COPD and CRC was demonstrated via weighted gene co-expression network analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment results using RNA expression data. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into the interplay between COPD and CRC, highlighting the potential impact of COPD on the development of CRC. The identification of shared genes and mediating factors related to fatty acid metabolism deepens our understanding of the underlying mechanisms connecting these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youtao Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zikai Lin
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuojia Xie
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haobin Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengzhen Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewu Fu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiyan Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chuanfeng Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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212
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Wang Q, Dai H, Hou T, Hou Y, Wang T, Lin H, Zhao Z, Li M, Zheng R, Wang S, Lu J, Xu Y, Liu R, Ning G, Wang W, Bi Y, Zheng J, Xu M. Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Stroke 2023; 25:350-360. [PMID: 37813672 PMCID: PMC10574297 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2023.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM), stroke, and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS We leveraged the summary statistics of GM (n=18,340 in the MiBioGen consortium), blood metabolites (n=115,078 in the UK Biobank), and stroke (cases n=60,176 and controls n=1,310,725 in the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative) from the largest genome-wide association studies to date. We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the GM and stroke, and two mediation analyses, two-step MR and multivariable MR, to discover potential mediating metabolites. RESULTS Ten taxa were causally associated with stroke, and stroke led to changes in 27 taxa. In the two-step MR, Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family, Desulfovibrio genus, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL_PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) were causally associated with stroke (all P<0.044). The causal associations between Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family and stroke were validated using the weighted median method in an independent cohort. The three GM taxa were all positively associated with ApoA1 and HDL_PL, whereas Desulfovibrio genus was negatively associated with ApoB/ApoA1 (all P<0.010). Additionally, the causal associations between the three GM taxa and ApoA1 remained significant after correcting for the false discovery rate (all q-values <0.027). Multivariable MR showed that the associations between Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family and stroke were mediated by ApoA1 and HDL_PL, each accounting for 6.5% (P=0.028) and 4.6% (P=0.033); the association between Desulfovibrio genus and stroke was mediated by ApoA1, HDL_PL, and ApoB/ApoA1, with mediated proportions of 7.6% (P=0.019), 4.2% (P=0.035), and 9.1% (P=0.013), respectively. CONCLUSION The current MR study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between several specific GM taxa and stroke and potential mediating metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajie Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhichao Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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213
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Hou L, Li Y, Kang L, Li X, Li H, Xue F. The long-term mediation role of cytokines on the causal pathway from maternal gestational age to offspring eye diseases: Lifecourse-Network Mendelian randomization. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110667. [PMID: 37487263 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational duration has a significant impact on eye diseases. A large number of evidences suggest that cytokines are associated with gestational duration and eye diseases. However, the causal relationships among cytokines, maternal gestational impairment and offspring eye diseases remain unclear. METHODS We performed lifecourse-network Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationships between maternal gestational duration (from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) study, N = 84,689), neonatal/adult cytokines (from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog, N = 764/4,618), and adult eye diseases (from FinnGen consotium, N = 309,154) using summary-level data from large genome-wide association studies. Multiplicative random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) and multivariable-IVW methods were the main analysis methods, and the other 15 pleiotropy-robust methods, weak IV-robust methods, and outliers-robust methods were used as auxiliary methods. RESULTS Maternal gestational age (early preterm birth, preterm birth, gestational duration, and post-term birth) had a causal relationship with 42 eye diseases. Four neonatal cytokines, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α), IL10, GROA, and CTACK, as well as four adult cytokines, CTACK, IL10, IL12p70 and IL6 are mediators in the causal relationships between early preterm birth and preterm birth in eight eye diseases. However, after adjusting for these mediators, a null direct causal effect of early preterm birth and preterm birth on eight eye diseases was found. In addition, there was no mediator in the causal relationship between gestational duration and post-term birth to eye diseases. CONCLUSION The effects of maternal gestational duration on offspring eye diseases through cytokines are long-term and life-course effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China; Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Lili Kang
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China; Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China; Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | - Hongkai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China.
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214
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Navarese EP, Vine D, Proctor S, Grzelakowska K, Berti S, Kubica J, Raggi P. Independent Causal Effect of Remnant Cholesterol on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e373-e380. [PMID: 37439258 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggested that residual risk of cardiovascular events after LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol lowering may be linked to remnant cholesterol (RC). We conducted a large-scale Mendelian randomization study to investigate the causal role of RC to predict coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke risk. METHODS We extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms for RC and LDL from large-scale genome-wide association databases. We estimated the genetic association with outcomes from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (Coronary Artery Disease Genome-Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis Plus the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics), the Metastroke consortium, as well as the GLGC (Global Lipids Genetics Consortium). Genetic variants were used as instruments, thereby minimizing residual confounding and reverse causation biases of observational studies. RESULTS By leveraging data from a combined sample of 958 434 participants, we found evidence for a significant causal effect of RC on the risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR], 1.51 per SD unit increase in RC [95% CI, 1.42-1.60]; P=5.3×10-5), MI (OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.21-2.05]; P=9.5×10-4), and stroke (OR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.12-1.35]; P=3.72×10-6). There was no evidence of pleiotropy. The effect of RC on CAD and MI remained consistent after accounting for the effects of RC-associated genetic variants on LDL cholesterol: OR, 1.49 (95% CI, 1.37-1.61) for CAD and OR, 1.80 (95% CI, 1.70-19.1) for MI without a meaningful indirect effect exerted on these outcomes via the LDL cholesterol mediator. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale Mendelian randomization study showed a robust genetic causal association between RC and cardiovascular outcomes. The effect on CAD and MI is independent of LDL cholesterol. Early screening for RC along with long-term inhibition of RC should be the focus of future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliano P Navarese
- Interventional Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland (E.P.N., K.G., J.K.)
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine (E.P.N., P.R.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- SIRIO MEDICINE Research Network, Poland (E.P.N., J.K.)
- Now with Clinical and Interventional Cardiology, Sassari University Hospital, Italy (E.P.N.)
| | - Donna Vine
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory (D.V., S.P.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Spencer Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory (D.V., S.P.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Klaudyna Grzelakowska
- Interventional Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland (E.P.N., K.G., J.K.)
| | - Sergio Berti
- Cardiology Unit, Ospedale del Cuore, Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio," Massa, Italy (S.B.)
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Interventional Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland (E.P.N., K.G., J.K.)
- SIRIO MEDICINE Research Network, Poland (E.P.N., J.K.)
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine (E.P.N., P.R.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Li M, Jiang C, Lai Y, Wang Y, Zhao M, Li S, Peng X, He L, Guo X, Li S, Liu N, Jiang C, Tang R, Sang C, Long D, Du X, Dong J, Ma C. Genetic Evidence for Causal Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029623. [PMID: 37548160 PMCID: PMC10492936 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The knowledge gap regarding whether the correlation between atrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia in observational studies is causation or driven by other shared risk factors remains substantially unfilled. Methods and Results We performed a comprehensive 2-sample Mendelian randomization study to evaluate the causal effect of AF on overall dementia and its subtypes, including vascular dementia, Alzheimer dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. The primary results in inverse variance-weighted analyses were further validated by various Mendelian randomization sensitivity analyses. Additionally, we conducted multivariable Mendelian randomization to examine 10 candidate mediators of the causal association of AF and dementia. Genetic predisposition to AF was modestly associated with an increased risk of overall dementia (odds ratio, 1.140 [95% CI, 1.023-1.271]; P=0.018) and strongly associated with vascular dementia (odds ratio, 1.350 [95% CI, 1.076-1.695]; P=0.010). Genetically predicted AF indicated neutral effects on Alzheimer dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. In multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis, the total effect of AF on overall dementia was remarkably attenuated by adjusting for genetic effect for ischemic stroke (odds ratio, 1.068 [95% CI, 0.953-1.197]; P=0.259) and low cardiac output (odds ratio, 1.046 [95% CI, 0.926-1.181]; P=0.475), indicating that the causal association of genetically predicted AF with dementia was potentially mediated by ischemic stroke and low cardiac output. The causal effect of genetically predicted AF on dementia was independent of cerebral small-vessel disease and brain volume phenotypes. Conclusions Our findings provided novel evidence supporting the causal effect of genetically predicted AF on dementia mediated by ischemic stroke and low cardiac output. Future clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the potential role of appropriate AF management in dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Li
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Manlin Zhao
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Sitong Li
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Liu He
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xueyuan Guo
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Songnan Li
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Chenxi Jiang
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Ribo Tang
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Caihua Sang
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Deyong Long
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xin Du
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- Heart Health Research CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
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Lou C, Meng Z, Shi YY, Zheng R, Qian SZ, Pan J. Genetic association of lipids and lipid-lowering drugs with sepsis: a Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1217922. [PMID: 37621565 PMCID: PMC10446761 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1217922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of lipid-lowering medications on sepsis is still not well defined. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to probe the causal connections between genetically determined lipids, lipid-reducing drugs, and the risk of sepsis. Materials and methods Data on total serum cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and triglycerides (TG) were retrieved from the MR-Base platform and the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium in 2021 (GLGC2021). Our study categorized sepsis into two groups: total sepsis and 28-day mortality of sepsis patients (sepsis28). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary method used in MR analysis. Cochran's Q test and the MR-Egger intercept method were used to assess the heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results In the MR analysis, we found that ApoA-I played a suggestively positive role in protecting against both total sepsis (OR, 0.863 per SD increase in ApoA-I; 95% CI, 0.780-0.955; P = 0.004) and sepsis28 (OR, 0.759; 95% CI, 0.598-0.963; P = 0.023). HDL-C levels were also found to suggestively reduce the incidence of total sepsis (OR, 0.891 per SD increase in HDL-C; 95% CI, 0.802-0.990; P = 0.031). Reverse-MR showed that sepsis28 led to a decrease in HDL-C level and an increase in TG level. In drug-target MR, we found that HMGCR inhibitors positively protected against total sepsis (1 OR , 0.719 per SD reduction in LDL-C; 95% CI, 0.540-0.958; P = 0.024). LDL-C and HDL-C proxied CETP inhibitors were found to have a protective effect on total sepsis, with only LDL-C proxied CETP inhibitors showing a suggestively protective effect on sepsis28. In Mediated-MR, BMI exhibited a negative indirect effect in HMGCR inhibitors curing sepsis. The indirect impact of ApoA-I explained over 50% of the curative effects of CETP inhibitors in sepsis. Conclusions Our MR study suggested that ApoA-I and HDL-C protected against sepsis, while HMGCR and CETP inhibitors showed therapeutic potential beyond lipid-lowering effects. ApoA-I explained the effects of CETP inhibitors. Our study illuminates how lipids affect sepsis patients and the effectiveness of new drugs, opening new avenues for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lou
- School of The First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhizhen Meng
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yi-Yi Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song-Zan Qian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Han X, Wu T, Liu CY. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization investigating the effects of telomere length on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1225600. [PMID: 37600718 PMCID: PMC10435990 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1225600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous observational studies have revealed a correlation between telomere length (TL) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). However, the impacts of TL on APOs are still unclear. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) was carried out using summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was employed as the primary analysis to explore the causal relationship between TL and APOs. The exposure data came from a GWAS dataset of IEU analysis of the United Kingdom Biobank phenotypes consisting of 472,174 European participants. Summary-level data for five APOs were obtained from the GWAS datasets of the FinnGen consortium. We also performed multivariate MR (MVMR), adjusting for smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), and number of live births. In addition, we conducted a series of rigorous analyses to further examine the validity of our MR findings. Results After Bonferroni correction and rigorous quality control, univariable MR (UVMR) demonstrated that a shorter TL was significantly associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SA) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.815; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.714-0.930; P = 0.002) and preterm birth (PTB) (OR: 0.758; 95% CI: 0.632-0.908; P = 0.003) in the IVW model. There was a nominally significant relationship between TL and preeclampsia (PE) in the IVW model (OR: 0.799; 95% CI: 0.651-0.979; P = 0.031). However, no significant association was found between TL and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR: 0.950; 95% CI: 0.804-1.122; P = 0.543) or fetal growth restriction (FGR) (OR: 1.187; 95% CI: 0.901-1.565; P = 0.223) among the five statistical models. Furthermore, we did not find a significant causal effect of APOs on TL in the reverse MR analysis. MVMR analysis showed that the causal effects of TL on SA remained significant after accounting for smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, and number of live births. Conclusion Our MR study provides robust evidence that shorter telomeres were associated with an increased risk of SA. Further work is necessary to investigate the potential mechanisms. UVMR and MVMR findings showed limited evidence that TL affects the risk of PTB, PE, GDM, and FGR, illustrating that the outcomes of previous observational studies may have been confounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Han
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqiang Wu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chun yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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218
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Deng Y, Tu D, O'Callaghan CJ, Liu G, Xu W. Two-stage multivariate Mendelian randomization on multiple outcomes with mixed distributions. Stat Methods Med Res 2023; 32:1543-1558. [PMID: 37338962 PMCID: PMC10515454 DOI: 10.1177/09622802231181220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In clinical research, it is important to study whether certain clinical factors or exposures have causal effects on clinical and patient-reported outcomes such as toxicities, quality of life, and self-reported symptoms, which can help improve patient care. Usually, such outcomes are recorded as multiple variables with different distributions. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a commonly used technique for causal inference with the help of genetic instrumental variables to deal with observed and unobserved confounders. Nevertheless, the current methodology of MR for multiple outcomes only focuses on one outcome at a time, meaning that it does not consider the correlation structure of multiple outcomes, which may lead to a loss of statistical power. In situations with multiple outcomes of interest, especially when there are mixed correlated outcomes with different distributions, it is much more desirable to jointly analyze them with a multivariate approach. Some multivariate methods have been proposed to model mixed outcomes; however, they do not incorporate instrumental variables and cannot handle unmeasured confounders. To overcome the above challenges, we propose a two-stage multivariate Mendelian randomization method (MRMO) that can perform multivariate analysis of mixed outcomes using genetic instrumental variables. We demonstrate that our proposed MRMO algorithm can gain power over the existing univariate MR method through simulation studies and a clinical application on a randomized Phase III clinical trial study on colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqing Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongsheng Tu
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey Liu
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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219
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Li C, Li N, Liu C, Li H. Causal effect of early life adiposity on gestational diabetes mellitus and mediating roles of lipidomic biomarkers. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1225376. [PMID: 37538923 PMCID: PMC10394696 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1225376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The causal relationship between early life adiposity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the independent causal association between early life adiposity and GDM and identify potential metabolic mediators and their mediating effects on this relationship. Methods Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the publicly available database of early life adiposity (5,530 cases and 8,318 controls) and GDM (11,279 cases and 179,600 controls), a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to estimate the causal mediation effects of lipidomic biomarkers including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, apolipoprotein A-Ι, and apolipoprotein B on the relationship between early life adiposity and GDM. Results Genetically predicted childhood adiposity was positively associated with risk of GDM (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.09-1.34, p = 4.58 × 10-4). This causal relationship remained after accounting for adult adiposity traits in the multivariable MR analyses. Two-step MR identified three candidate mediators that partially mediated the effect of early life adiposity on GDM, including HDL-C (5.81, 95%CI: 3.05-8.57%), apolipoprotein A-Ι (4.16, 95%CI: 1.64-6.69%), and triglyceride (2.20, 95%CI: 0.48-3.92%). Conclusion This MR study demonstrated that the causal effect of childhood obesity on future GDM risk was independent of adult adiposity. We identified three mediators, including HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-Ι, and triglyceride, in this association pathway. Our results provide insights into the pathogenesis of GDM and suggest additional prevention and treatment targets for GDM related to early life adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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220
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Liu H, Sun Q, Bi W, Mu X, Li Y, Hu M. Genetic association of hypertension and several other metabolic disorders with Bell's palsy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1077438. [PMID: 37533435 PMCID: PMC10391645 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1077438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Effects of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity on Bell's palsy risk remains unclear. The aim of the study was to explore whether hypertension and these metabolic disorders promoted Bell's palsy at the genetic level. Methods: Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, body mass index and several lipid metabolites were adopted as instrumental variables. Two-sample Mendelian randomization including IVW and MR-Egger was used to measure the genetic relationship between the exposures and Bell's palsy. Sensitivity analyses (i.e., Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, "leave-one-SNP-out" analysis and funnel plot) were carried out to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. All statistical analyses were performed using R software. Results: Hypertension was significantly associated with the increased risk of Bell's palsy (IVW: OR = 2.291, 95%CI = 1.025-5.122, p = 0.043; MR-Egger: OR = 16.445, 95%CI = 1.377-196.414, p = 0.029). Increased level of LDL cholesterol might upexpectedly decrease the risk of the disease (IVW: OR = 0.805, 95%CI = 0.649-0.998, p = 0.048; MR-Egger: OR = 0.784, 95%CI = 0.573-1.074, p = 0.132). In addition, type 2 diabetes, body mass index and other lipid metabolites were not related to the risk of Bell's palsy. No heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy had been found. Conclusion: Hypertension might be a risk factor for Bell's palsy at the genetic level, and LDL cholesterol might reduce the risk of the disease. These findings (especially for LDL cholesterol) need to be validated by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Bi
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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221
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Liang X, Cai J, Fan Y. Causal association between tea intake and risk for gout: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1220931. [PMID: 37519890 PMCID: PMC10374259 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1220931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gout, an increasingly prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis, is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints, resulting in severe pain, swelling and stiffness that adversely affect physical, mental and emotional wellbeing. The management of gout requires a combination of medication and lifestyle modifications. Recent studies suggest that tea intake may reduce the risk of developing gout; however, further research is needed to establish a causal relationship. Methods: In this study, we employed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, to investigate the causal association between increased tea intake and gout. We meticulously selected instrumental variables (IVs) based on rigorous criteria and employed five different MR methods. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic, and pleiotropy was evaluated using the MR Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO tests. Weak IVs were identified using F values. The Phenoscanner database was consulted to exclude single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with confounding factors or outcomes. Results: The study included one dataset related to tea intake (ukb-b-6066) and three datasets related to gout (ukb-b-12765, finn-b-M13_GOUT, and finn-b-GOUT_STRICT). Our forward MR analysis suggest a causal relationship between increased tea intake and reduced risk of gout in all three gout-related datasets [OR (95% CI): 0.9966 (0.9938-0.9993), p = 0.0167; 0.4842 (0.2683-0.8737), p-value = 0.0160; and 0.4554 (0.2155-0.9623), p = 0.0393, respectively]. The reveres MR showed increased risk of gout (ukb-b-12765) was significantly associated with low tea intake according to the IVW analysis [OR (95% CI): 0.0062 (0.0002-0.154), p = 0.0020]. However, this association was not observed in the Finn-b-M13_GOUT and Finn-b-GOUT_STRICT [OR (95% CI): 0.9992 (0.9909-1.0075), p = 0.8453 and OR (95% CI): 0.9996 (0.9932-1.0059), p = 0.8896, respectively]. No significant heterogeneity or potential pleiotropy was detected, and the possibility of weak IVs was also excluded. Conclusion: Our MR analysis suggest a causal relationship between genetically predicted tea intake and a decreased risk of gout. These findings underscore the potential advantages of increasing tea intake for preventing gout. However, further research is needed to validate these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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222
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Wan B, Wu Y, Ma N, Zhou Z, Lu W. Four modifiable factors that mediate the effect of educational time on major depressive disorder risk: A network Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288034. [PMID: 37437071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental illness, which is a notable public health problem that aggravates the global economic burden. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between education and MDD risk and the contributions of effects mediated by four modifiable factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Instrumental variables were screened from several large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data (years of schooling with 766,345 participants, MDD with 59,851 cases and 113,154 controls, neuroticism with 329,821 individuals, smoking behavior with 195,068 cases and 164,638 controls, body mass index [BMI] with 336,107 individuals, and household income with 397,751 individuals). The data were used to evaluate the association of the four modifiable factors (neuroticism, smoking behavior, BMI, and household income) that mediate the effect of education on MDD risk via Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. RESULTS Each standard deviation increase in years of schooling could reduce the risk for MDD by 30.70%. Higher neuroticism and BMI were associated with a higher risk of MDD. Non-smoking status and increased household income were protective factors for MDD. Notably, the mediator neuroticism, BMI, smoking behavior, and household income explained 52.92%, 15.54%, 31.86%, and 81.30% of the effect of years of schooling on MDD risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Longer years of schooling have a protective effect on MDD risk. Reasonable interventions to reduce neuroticism, BMI, smoking, and increasing household income are beneficial for MDD prevention. Our work provides new ideas for the development of prevention strategies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbei Wan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yamei Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Weiying Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
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223
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Meisinger C, Freuer D. Understanding the causal relationships of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with mental disorders and suicide attempt: a network Mendelian randomisation study. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 26:e300642. [PMID: 37669871 PMCID: PMC11146378 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2022-300642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifespan neurodevelopmental condition resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. There is evidence that ADHD is associated with other mental disorders, but it remains unclear whether and in what way a causal relationship exists. OBJECTIVE To investigate the direct and indirect causal paths between ADHD and seven common mental disorders. METHODS Two-sample network Mendelian randomisation analysis was performed to identify psychiatric disorders causally related to ADHD. Total and direct effects were estimated in an univariable and multivariable setting, respectively. Robustness of results was ensured in three ways: a range of pleiotropy-robust methods, an iterative approach identifying and excluding outliers, and use of up to two genome-wide association studies per outcome to replicate results and calculate subsequently pooled meta-estimates. RESULTS Genetic liability to ADHD was independently associated with the risk of anorexia nervosa (OR 1.28 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.47); p=0.001). A bidirectional association was found with major depressive disorder (OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.15); p=0.003 in the forward direction and OR 1.76 (95% CI 1.50 to 2.06); p=4×10-12 in the reverse direction). Moreover, after adjustment for major depression disorder, a direct association with both suicide attempt (OR 1.30 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.547); p=2×10-5) and post-traumatic stress disorder (OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.33); p=0.007) was observed. There was no evidence of a relationship with anxiety, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ADHD is an independent risk factor for a number of common psychiatric disorders. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders in individuals with ADHD needs to be considered both in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Freuer
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Zou M, Zhang W, Shen L, Xu Y, Zhu Y. Major depressive disorder plays a vital role in the pathway from gastroesophageal reflux disease to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1198476. [PMID: 37404328 PMCID: PMC10315650 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1198476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but it is not clear whether this association is causal. In our previous study, we found that depression was a hot topic of research in the association between COPD and GERD. Is major depressive disorder (MDD) a mediator of the association between COPD and GERD? Here, we evaluated the causal association between COPD, MDD, and GERD using Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: Based on the FinnGen, United Kingdom Biobank, and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) databases, we obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for the three phenotypes from 315,123 European participants (22,867 GERD cases and 292,256 controls), 462,933 European participants (1,605 COPD cases and 461,328 controls), and 173,005 European participants (59,851 MDD cases and 113,154 controls), respectively. To obtain more instrumental variables to reduce bias, we extracted relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the three phenotypes from published meta-analysis studies. Bidirectional MR and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL)-MR were performed using the inverse variance weighting method to assess the causal association between GERD, MDD, and COPD. Results: There was no evidence of a causal effect between GERD and COPD in the bidirectional MR analysis [forward MR for GERD on COPD: odds ratios (OR) = 1.001, p = 0.270; reverse MR for COPD on GERD: OR = 1.021, p = 0.303]. The causal effect between GERD and MDD appeared to be bidirectional (forward MR for GERD on MDD: OR = 1.309, p = 0.006; reverse MR for MDD on GERD: OR = 1.530, p < 0.001), while the causal effect between MDD and COPD was unidirectional (forward MR for MDD on COPD: OR = 1.004, p < 0.001; reverse MR for COPD on MDD: OR = 1.002, p = 0.925). MDD mediated the effect of GERD on COPD in a unidirectional manner (OR = 1.001). The results of the eQTL-MR were consistent with those of the bidirectional MR. Conclusion: MDD appears to play a vital role in the effect of GERD on COPD. However, we have no evidence of a direct causal association between GERD and COPD. There is a bidirectional causal association between MDD and GERD, which may accelerate the progression from GERD to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yin Xu
- *Correspondence: Yin Xu, ; Ying Zhu,
| | - Ying Zhu
- *Correspondence: Yin Xu, ; Ying Zhu,
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225
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Zhao G, Wang Z, Ji J, Cui R. Effect of coffee consumption on thyroid function: NHANES 2007-2012 and Mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1188547. [PMID: 37351106 PMCID: PMC10282749 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1188547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide, but the effects on the thyroid are unknown. This study aims to examine the association between coffee and thyroid function. Methods Participant data (≥ 20 years, n = 6578) for the observational study were obtained from NHANES 2007-2012. Analysis was performed using weighted linear regression models and multiple logistic regression models. Genetic datasets for Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism were obtained from the IEU database and contained 462,933 European samples. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used for the analysis, inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the main method of analysis. Results In the model adjusted for other covariates, participants who drank 2-4 cups of coffee per day had significantly lower TSH concentrations compared to non-coffee drinkers (b=-0.23, 95% CI: -0.30, -0.16), but no statistically significant changes in TT4, FT4, TT3 and FT3. In addition, participants who drank <2 cups of coffee per day showed a low risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism. (OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.88) Observational studies and MR studies have demonstrated both that coffee consumption has no effect on the risk of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Conclusions Our study showed that drinking <2 cups of coffee per day reduced the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism and drinking 2-4 cups of coffee reduced serum TSH concentrations. In addition, coffee consumption was not associated with the risk of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxu Zhao
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon Gwangyeoksi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinli Ji
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Rongjun Cui
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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226
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Liu X, Yu Y, Hou L, Yu Y, Wu Y, Wu S, He Y, Ge Y, Wei Y, Luo Q, Qian F, Feng Y, Li H, Xue F. Association between dietary habits and the risk of migraine: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1123657. [PMID: 37351190 PMCID: PMC10282154 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1123657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The important contribution of dietary triggers to migraine pathogenesis has been recognized. However, the potential causal roles of many dietary habits on the risk of migraine in the whole population are still under debate. The objective of this study was to determine the potential causal association between dietary habits and the risk of migraine (and its subtypes) development, as well as the possible mediator roles of migraine risk factors. Methods Based on summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and bidirectional MR to investigate the potential causal associations between 83 dietary habits and migraine and its subtypes, and network MR was performed to explore the possible mediator roles of 8 migraine risk factors. Results After correcting for multiple testing, we found evidence for associations of genetically predicted coffee, cheese, oily fish, alcohol (red wine), raw vegetables, muesli, and wholemeal/wholegrain bread intake with decreased risk of migraine, those odds ratios ranged from 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63-0.95) for overall cheese intake to 0.61 (95% CI: 0.47-0.80) for drinks usually with meals among current drinkers (yes + it varies vs. no); while white bread, cornflakes/frosties, and poultry intake were positively associated with the risk of migraine. Additionally, genetic liability to white bread, wholemeal/wholegrain bread, muesli, alcohol (red wine), cheese, and oily fish intake were associated with a higher risk of insomnia and (or) major depression disorder (MDD), each of them may act as a mediator in the pathway from several dietary habits to migraine. Finally, we found evidence of a negative association between genetically predicted migraine and drinking types, and positive association between migraine and cups of tea per day. Significance Our study provides evidence about association between dietary habits and the risk of migraine and demonstrates that some associations are partly mediated through one or both insomnia and MDD. These results provide new insights for further nutritional interventions for migraine prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yina He
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yilei Ge
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingxin Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengtong Qian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Liu H, Wu W, Xiang W, Yuan J. Lifestyle factors, metabolic factors and socioeconomic status for pelvic organ prolapse: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:183. [PMID: 37287058 PMCID: PMC10245500 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have reported that lifestyle factors, metabolic factors and socioeconomic status are associated with the development of female pelvic organ prolapse (POP); however, whether these associations are causal remains unclear. The current study aimed to assess the causal effect of lifestyle factors, metabolic factors and socioeconomic status on POP risk. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study based on summary-level data from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to evaluate whether lifestyle factors, metabolic factors and socioeconomic status are causally related to POP. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms that are strongly associated with exposure at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8) as instrumental variables from genome-wide association studies. The method of random-effect inverse-variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary analysis method, supplemented with the weighted median, MR-Egger and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier applied to verify the MR assumptions. Two-step MR was conducted to investigate potential intermediate factors that are on the causal pathway from exposure to POP. RESULTS There were associations with POP for genetically predicted waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.03 per SD-increase, P < 0.001), WHR adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI) (OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.01-1.025 per SD-increase, P < 0.001) and education attainment (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.98-0.991 per SD-increase) in the meta-analysis. Additionally, genetically predicted coffee consumption (OR per 50% increase 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.96, P = 0.03), vigorous physical activity (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-0.98, P = 0.043) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.98 per SD-increase, P = 0.049) were inversely associated with POP in the FinnGen Consortium. The mediation analysis showed that the indirect effects of education attainment on POP were partly mediated by WHR and WHRadjBMI, with a mediated proportion of 27% and 13% in the UK Biobank study, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides MR evidence of a robust causal association of WHR, WHRadjBMI and education attainment with POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailang Liu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingdong Yuan
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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228
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Tao H, Yu Z, Dong Y, Liu L, Peng L, Chen X. Lipids, lipid-lowering agents, and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160312. [PMID: 37350960 PMCID: PMC10282130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the causal role of lipid traits and lipid-lowering agents in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Univariable mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were conducted to evaluate the causal association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and IBD. Drug-targeted MR analyzed the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on IBD, and network MR was used to analyze potential mediation effects. Results The levels of HDL-C had an inverse relationship with the risk of Crohn's disease (CD, OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.98, P = 0.024). In MVMR, the inverse relationships were found in all three outcomes. Drug-targeted MR analyses showed that with one-SD LDL-C decrease predicted by variants at or near proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), the OR values of people diagnosed with IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and CD were 1.75 (95%CI: 1.13-2.69, P = 0.011), 2.1 (95%CI: 1.28-3.42, P = 0.003) and 2.24 (95%CI: 1.11-4.5, P = 0.024), respectively. With one-SD LDL-C decrease predicted by variants at or near cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), the OR value of people diagnosed with CD was 0.12 (95%CI: 0.03-0.51, P = 0.004). Network-MR showed that HDL-C mediated the causal pathway from variants at or near CETP to CD. Conclusion Our study suggested a causal association between HDL-C and IBD, UC and CD. Genetically proxied inhibition of PCSK9 increased the risk of IBD, UC and CD, while inhibition of CETP decreased the risk of CD. Further studies are needed to clarify the long-term effect of lipid-lowering drugs on the gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Deartment of Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ligang Liu
- Institute of Therapeutic Innovations and Outcomes, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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229
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Chen L, Zhao S, Wang Y, Niu X, Zhang B, Li X, Peng D. Genetic Insights into Obesity and Brain: Combine Mendelian Randomization Study and Gene Expression Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371369 PMCID: PMC10295948 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major public-health concern, obesity is imposing an increasing social burden around the world. The link between obesity and brain-health problems has been reported, but controversy remains. To investigate the relationship among obesity, brain-structure changes and diseases, a two-stage analysis was performed. At first, we used the Mendelian-randomization (MR) approach to identify the causal relationship between obesity and cerebral structure. Obesity-related data were retrieved from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium and the UK Biobank, whereas the cortical morphological data were from the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Further, we extracted region-specific expressed genes according to the Allen Human Brian Atlas (AHBA) and carried out a series of bioinformatics analyses to find the potential mechanism of obesity and diseases. In the univariable MR, a higher body mass index (BMI) or larger visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was associated with a smaller global cortical thickness (pBMI = 0.006, pVAT = 1.34 × 10-4). Regional associations were found between obesity and specific gyrus regions, mainly in the fusiform gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus. Multivariable MR results showed that a greater body fat percentage was linked to a smaller fusiform-gyrus thickness (p = 0.029) and precuneus surface area (p = 0.035). As for the gene analysis, region-related genes were enriched to several neurobiological processes, such as compound transport, neuropeptide-signaling pathway, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. These genes contained a strong relationship with some neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and other disorders. Our results reveal a causal relationship between obesity and brain abnormalities and suggest a pathway from obesity to brain-structure abnormalities to neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leian Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaokun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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230
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Lin L, Lin J, Qiu J, Liufu N, Lin S, Wei F, Liu Q, Zeng J, Zhang M, Cao M. Genetic liability to multi-site chronic pain increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Br J Anaesth 2023:S0007-0912(23)00195-2. [PMID: 37225534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown associations between multi-site chronic pain (MCP) and cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether these associations are causal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the causal associations between MCP and cardiovascular disease and identify possible mediators between them. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis was applied in this study. The summary data for MCP were obtained from a genome-wide association study that included 387 649 individuals from the UK Biobank, whereas summary-level data for cardiovascular disease and its subtypes were obtained from relevant genome-wide association studies. Finally, summary-level data for common cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers were leveraged to identify possible mediators. RESULTS Genetic liability to multi-site chronic pain is associated with higher risks for coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and stroke, with a combined odds ratio (OR) of 1.537 (per site increment in MCP; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.271-1.858; P=0.0001) for CAD, 1.604 (95% CI: 1.277-2.014; P=0.0005) for MI, 1.722 (95% CI: 1.423-2.083; P<0.00001) for HF, and 1.332 (95% CI: 1.093-1.623; P=0.00001) for stroke. Genetic liability to MCP was found to be associated with mental disorders, smoking initiation, physical activity, BMI, and lipid metabolites. Multivariable Mendelian randomisation suggested a mediating role for mental disorders, smoking initiation, physical activity, and BMI in the relationship between multi-site chronic pain and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into the role of multi-site chronic pain in cardiovascular disease. Additionally, we identified several modifiable risk factors for reducing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- Big Data Laboratory, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiong Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liufu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shishi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Centre of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Centre of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang W, Wang Z, Zou C, Liu Y, Pan Y, Lu J, Zhou K, Jiao F, Zhong S, Jiang G. Effects of metabolic factors in mediating the relationship between Type 2 diabetes and depression in East Asian populations: A two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:120-128. [PMID: 37150218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggested a close link between type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic factors and depression, while the causal relationships remained poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the causality between T2D and depression, and to investigate the roles of metabolic factors in mediating the relationship between T2D and depression in East Asians. METHODS Using summary statistics from the largest and most up-to-date genome-wide association studies of depression (12,588 cases and 85,914 controls) and T2D (36,614 cases and 155,150 controls) among East Asians, two-step and two-sample MR analyses were performed to estimate the causal mediation effects of metabolic factors including lipids profiles, blood pressure (BP) and fasting insulin (FI) on the relationship between T2D and depression. RESULTS Genetically predicted T2D was significantly associated with depression (OR [95 % CI]:1.06 [1.01, 1.11], P = 0.043), but not vice versa. T2D was causally associated with lower levels of HDL-C and higher levels of LDL-C, triglycerides (TG), BP and FI. Furthermore, the causal effects of T2D on depression were significantly mediated by LDL-C (β [95 % CI]: -0.003 [-0.005, -0.001], P = 0.007), and suggestively mediated by TG (0.001 [0.001, 0.003], P = 0.049) and FI (0.006 [0.001, 0.012], P = 0.049). LIMITATIONS First, depression was defined by several methods, like symptom questionnaires or self-completed surveys. Second, two-sample MR approach is unable to detect the non-linear causal relationships. Third, independent data sets were not available for replication of our findings. CONCLUSION T2D was causally associated with the risk of depression, and LDL-C, TG, and FI were potential causal mediators of the effect of T2D on depression. Understanding the causality among T2D, metabolic factors and depression is crucial for identifying potential targets for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenqian Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenfeng Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- Big Data Research Center, Fifth Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Guangzhou Centre for Applied Mathematics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shao Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Zhan Y, Ruan X, Wang P, Huang D, Huang J, Huang J, Chun TTS, Ho BSH, Ng ATL, Tsu JHL, Na R. Causal Effects of Modifiable Behaviors on Prostate Cancer in Europeans and East Asians: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050673. [PMID: 37237487 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early evidence is disputable for the effects of modifiable lifestyle behaviors on prostate cancer (PCa) risk. No research has yet appraised such causality in different ancestries using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS A two-sample univariable and multivariable MR analysis was performed. Genetic instruments associated with lifestyle behaviors were selected based on genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for PCa were obtained from PRACTICAL and GAME-ON/ELLIPSE consortia for Europeans (79,148 PCa cases and 61,106 controls), and ChinaPCa consortium for East Asians (3343 cases and 3315 controls). Replication was performed using FinnGen (6311 cases and 88,902 controls) and BioBank Japan data (5408 cases and 103,939 controls). RESULTS Tobacco smoking was identified as increasing PCa risks in Europeans (odds ratio [OR]: 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-3.50, p = 0.027 per standard deviation increase in the lifetime smoking index). For East Asians, alcohol drinking (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01-1.09, p = 0.011) and delayed sexual initiation (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.00-1.08, p = 0.029) were identified as risk factors, while cooked vegetable consumption (OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.88-0.96, p = 0.001) was a protective factor for PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings broaden the evidence base for the spectrum of PCa risk factors in different ethnicities, and provide insights into behavioral interventions for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Zhan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohao Ruan
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinlun Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tsun Tsun Stacia Chun
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Sze-Ho Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ada Tsui-Lin Ng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Hok-Leung Tsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Na
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Qi A, Jiao L, Zhang Y, Zhou H, He Y, Gong Y, Xu L, Bi L. Irritability and risk of lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04791-2. [PMID: 37103569 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no research to prove the association between irritability and lung cancer, our study performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to elucidate the causal relationship of irritability with lung cancer risk. METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data of irritability, lung cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were downloaded from a public database for two-sample MR analysis. Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with irritability and GERD were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) and weighted median method were used to analyze causality. RESULTS There is an association between irritability and lung cancer risk (ORIVW = 1.01, 95% CI = [1.00, 1.02], P = 0.018; ORweighted median = 1.01, 95% CI = [1.00, 1.02], P = 0.046), and GERD might account for about 37.5% of the association between irritability and lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the causal effect between irritability and lung cancer through MR analysis, and found that GERD played an essential mediating role in this relationship, which can partly indicate the role of the "inflammation-cancer transformation" process in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Qi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijing Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun He
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Translational Cancer Research for integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Cancer Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Translational Cancer Research for integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Cancer Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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234
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Wang H, Li Y, Cao W, Zhang J, Cao M, Meng X, Liu D, Wang Y. Leveraging IgG N-glycosylation to infer the causality between T2D and hypertension. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:80. [PMID: 37095539 PMCID: PMC10127371 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies demonstrated a bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension, whereas Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses supported the causality from T2D to hypertension but not causal from hypertension to T2D. We previously found that IgG N-glycosylation is associated with both T2D and hypertension, and thus IgG N-glycosylation might link the causality between them. METHODS We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify IgG N-glycosylation-quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) integrating GWAS for T2D and hypertension and then performed bidirectional univariable and multivariable MR analyses to infer the causal association among them. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) analysis was performed as the primary analysis, followed by some sensitivity analyses to explore the stability of the results. RESULTS Six putatively causal IgG N-glycans for T2D and four for hypertension were identified in the IVW method. Genetically predicted T2D increased the risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.177, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.037-1.338, P = 0.012) and vice versa (OR = 1.391, 95% CI = 1.081-1.790, P = 0.010). Multivariable MR showed that T2D remained at risk effect with hypertension ([OR] = 1.229, 95% CI = 1.140-1.325, P = 7.817 × 10-8) after conditioning on T2D-related IgG-glycans. Conversely, hypertension was associated with higher T2D risk (OR = 1.287, 95% CI = 1.107-1.497, P = 0.001) after adjusting for related IgG-glycans. No evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was observed, as MR‒Egger regression provided P values for intercept > 0.05. CONCLUSION Our study validated the mutual causality between T2D and hypertension from the perspective of IgG N-glycosylation, further validating the "common soil" hypothesis underlying the pathogenesis of T2D and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, 222062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Centre for Precision Medicine, Edith Cowan University, Perth, 60127, Australia
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mingyang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Di Liu
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, University Town, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Centre for Precision Medicine, Edith Cowan University, Perth, 60127, Australia.
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235
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Pan Y, Sun X, Huang Z, Zhang R, Li C, Anderson AH, Lash JP, Kelly TN. Effects of epigenetic age acceleration on kidney function: a Mendelian randomization study. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:61. [PMID: 37031184 PMCID: PMC10082992 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported cross-sectional associations between measures of epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) and kidney function phenotypes. However, the temporal and potentially causal relationships between these variables remain unclear. We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of EAA and kidney function. Genetic instruments for EAA and estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were identified from previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of European-ancestry participants. Causal effects of EAA on kidney function and kidney function on EAA were assessed through summary-based Mendelian randomization utilizing data from the CKDGen GWAS meta-analysis of log-transformed estimated glomerular filtration rate (log-eGFR; n = 5,67,460) and GWAS meta-analyses of EAA (n = 34,710). An allele score-based Mendelian randomization leveraging individual-level data from UK Biobank participants (n = 4,33,462) further examined the effects of EAA on kidney function. RESULTS Using summary-based Mendelian randomization, we found that each 5 year increase in intrinsic EAA (IEAA) and GrimAge acceleration (GrimAA) was associated with - 0.01 and - 0.02 unit decreases in log-eGFR, respectively (P = 0.02 and P = 0.09, respectively), findings which were strongly supported by allele-based Mendelian randomization study (both P < 0.001). Summary-based Mendelian randomization identified 24% increased odds of CKD with each 5-unit increase in IEAA (P = 0.05), with consistent findings observed in allele score-based analysis (P = 0.07). Reverse-direction Mendelian randomization identified potentially causal effects of decreased kidney function on HannumAge acceleration (HannumAA), GrimAA, and PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAA), conferring 3.14, 1.99, and 2.88 year decreases in HanumAA, GrimAA, and PhenoAA, respectively (P = 0.003, 0.05, and 0.002, respectively) with each 1-unit increase in log-eGFR. CONCLUSION This study supports bidirectional causal relationships between EAA and kidney function, pointing to potential prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Xiao Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amanda H Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James P Lash
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Li K, Zhao J, Yang W, Ye Z. Sleep traits and risk of end-stage renal disease: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:76. [PMID: 37029366 PMCID: PMC10080763 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence relating sleep disorders to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been obscure. The present study is sought to examine the association between sleep traits and ESRD. METHODS For this analysis, we selected genetic instruments for sleep traits from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). As instrumental variables, independent genetic variations linked with seven sleep-related features (sleep duration, getting up in the morning, daytime napping, chronotype of morning/evening person, sleeplessness/insomnia, non-snoring, and daytime dozing) were chosen. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) study was conducted to assess the causal relationship between sleep traits and ESRD (N = 33,061). The reverse MR analysis subsequently determined the causal relationship between ESRD and sleep traits. The causal effects were estimated using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median. To conduct sensitivity studies, Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot were used. To study the potential mediators, multivariable mendelian randomization analyses were undertaken further. RESULTS Genetically predicted sleeplessness/ insomnia (OR = 6.11, 95%CI 1.00-37.3, P = 0.049, FDR = 0.105), getting up in the morning easily(OR = 0.23, 95%CI 0.063-0.85; P = 0.0278, FDR = 0.105), non-snoring (OR = 4.76E-02, 95%CI 2.29E-03-0.985, P = 0.0488, FDR = 0.105) was suggestively associated with the risk of ESRD. However, we found no evidence favoring a causal association between other sleep traits and ESRD through the IVW method. CONCLUSION The present TSMR found no strong evidence of a bidirectional causal association between genetically predicted sleep traits and ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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237
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Lin Z, Xue H, Pan W. Robust multivariable Mendelian randomization based on constrained maximum likelihood. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:592-605. [PMID: 36948188 PMCID: PMC10119150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful tool for causal inference with observational genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data. Compared to the more commonly used univariable MR (UVMR), multivariable MR (MVMR) not only is more robust to the notorious problem of genetic (horizontal) pleiotropy but also estimates the direct effect of each exposure on the outcome after accounting for possible mediating effects of other exposures. Despite promising applications, there is a lack of studies on MVMR's theoretical properties and robustness in applications. In this work, we propose an efficient and robust MVMR method based on constrained maximum likelihood (cML), called MVMR-cML, with strong theoretical support. Extensive simulations demonstrate that MVMR-cML performs better than other existing MVMR methods while possessing the above two advantages over its univariable counterpart. An application to several large-scale GWAS summary datasets to infer causal relationships between eight cardiometabolic risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD) highlights the usefulness and some advantages of the proposed method. For example, after accounting for possible pleiotropic and mediating effects, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) had direct effects on CAD; in contrast, the effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and body height diminished after accounting for other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotong Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Haoran Xue
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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238
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Coscia C, Molina-Montes E, Benítez R, López de Maturana E, Muriel A, Malats N, Pérez T. New proposal to address mediation analysis interrogations by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. Genet Epidemiol 2023; 47:287-300. [PMID: 36807329 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The application of causal mediation analysis (CMA) considering the mediation effect of a third variable is increasing in epidemiological studies; however, this requires fitting strong assumptions on confounding bias. To address this limitation, we propose an extension of CMA combining it with Mendelian randomization (MRinCMA). We applied the new approach to analyse the causal effect of obesity and diabetes on pancreatic cancer, considering each factor as potential mediator. To check the performance of MRinCMA under several conditions/scenarios, we used it in different simulated data sets and compared it with structural equation models. For continuous variables, MRinCMA and structural equation models performed similarly, suggesting that both approaches are valid to obtain unbiased estimates. When noncontinuous variables were considered, MRinCMA presented, overall, lower bias than structural equation models. By applying MRinCMA, we did not find any evidence of causality of obesity or diabetes on pancreatic cancer. With this new methodology, researchers would be able to address CMA hypotheses by appropriately accounting for the confounding bias assumption regardless of the conditions used in their studies in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coscia
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Statistics and Data Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Benítez
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evangelina López de Maturana
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Pérez
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Barts Research Centre for Women's Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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239
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Li Z, Zhang B, Liu Q, Tao Z, Ding L, Guo B, Zhang E, Zhang H, Meng Z, Guo S, Chen Y, Peng J, Li J, Wang C, Huang Y, Xu H, Wu Y. Genetic association of lipids and lipid-lowering drug target genes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104543. [PMID: 37002989 PMCID: PMC10070091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some observational studies found that dyslipidaemia is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and lipid-lowering drugs may lower NAFLD risk. However, it remains unclear whether dyslipidaemia is causative for NAFLD. This Mendelian randomisation (MR) study aimed to explore the causal role of lipid traits in NAFLD and evaluate the potential effect of lipid-lowering drug targets on NAFLD. METHODS Genetic variants associated with lipid traits and variants of genes encoding lipid-lowering drug targets were extracted from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS). Summary statistics for NAFLD were obtained from two independent GWAS datasets. Lipid-lowering drug targets that reached significance were further tested using expression quantitative trait loci data in relevant tissues. Colocalisation and mediation analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results and explore potential mediators. FINDINGS No significant effect of lipid traits and eight lipid-lowering drug targets on NAFLD risk was found. Genetic mimicry of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enhancement was associated with lower NAFLD risks in two independent datasets (OR1 = 0.60 [95% CI 0.50-0.72], p1 = 2.07 × 10-8; OR2 = 0.57 [95% CI 0.39-0.82], p2 = 3.00 × 10-3). A significant MR association (OR = 0.71 [95% CI, 0.58-0.87], p = 1.20 × 10-3) and strong colocalisation association (PP.H4 = 0.85) with NAFLD were observed for LPL expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Fasting insulin and type 2 diabetes mediated 7.40% and 9.15%, respectively, of the total effect of LPL on NAFLD risk. INTERPRETATION Our findings do not support dyslipidaemia as a causal factor for NAFLD. Among nine lipid-lowering drug targets, LPL is a promising candidate drug target in NAFLD. The mechanism of action of LPL in NAFLD may be independent of its lipid-lowering effects. FUNDING Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2022-4-4037). CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS, grant number: 2021-I2M-C&T-A-010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingrong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihang Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Erli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Third-Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Peng
- Department of Cardiology, the First-Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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240
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Park JK, Bafna S, Forrest IS, Duffy Á, Marquez-Luna C, Petrazzini BO, Vy HM, Jordan DM, Verbanck M, Narula J, Rosenson RS, Rocheleau G, Do R. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study of plasma triglyceride levels and 2600 disease traits. eLife 2023; 12:e80560. [PMID: 36988189 PMCID: PMC10079290 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Causality between plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk remains controversial despite more than four decades of study and two recent landmark trials, STRENGTH, and REDUCE-IT. Further unclear is the association between TG levels and non-atherosclerotic diseases across organ systems. Methods Here, we conducted a phenome-wide, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression to systematically infer the causal effects of plasma TG levels on 2600 disease traits in the European ancestry population of UK Biobank. For replication, we externally tested 221 nominally significant associations (p<0.05) in an independent cohort from FinnGen. To account for potential horizontal pleiotropy and the influence of invalid instrumental variables, we performed sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimator, and MR-PRESSO. Finally, we used multivariable MR (MVMR) controlling for correlated lipid fractions to distinguish the independent effect of plasma TG levels. Results Our results identified seven disease traits reaching Bonferroni-corrected significance in both the discovery (p<1.92 × 10-5) and replication analyses (p<2.26 × 10-4), suggesting a causal relationship between plasma TG levels and ASCVDs, including coronary artery disease (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.24-1.43, p=2.47 × 10-13). We also identified 12 disease traits that were Bonferroni-significant in the discovery or replication analysis and at least nominally significant in the other analysis (p<0.05), identifying plasma TG levels as a novel potential risk factor for nine non-ASCVD diseases, including uterine leiomyoma (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.29, p=1.17 × 10-5). Conclusions Taking a phenome-wide, two-sample MR approach, we identified causal associations between plasma TG levels and 19 disease traits across organ systems. Our findings suggest unrealized drug repurposing opportunities or adverse effects related to approved and emerging TG-lowering agents, as well as mechanistic insights for future studies. Funding RD is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R35-GM124836) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the NIH (R01-HL139865 and R01-HL155915).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Park
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Shantanu Bafna
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Iain S Forrest
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Áine Duffy
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carla Marquez-Luna
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ben O Petrazzini
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ha My Vy
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Daniel M Jordan
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Metabolism and Lipids Unit, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ghislain Rocheleau
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ron Do
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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Xiao W, Li J, Feng T, Jin L. Circulating adipokine concentrations and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1113111. [PMID: 37056282 PMCID: PMC10086141 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous observational studies have suggested that circulating adipokine concentrations are related to a greater risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it remained unclear whether these observations reflect causality.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between circulating adipokine concentrations (including adiponectin, leptin, PAI-1, MCP-1, leptin receptor, and RETN) and the risk of VTE and its subtypes (DVT and PE) and to determine whether circulating adipokine concentrations are a mediator of venous thromboembolic events in obese patients.Methods: We used Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to determine the effects of the body mass index (BMI), adiponectin, leptin, PAI-1, MCP-1, leptin receptor, and RETN levels on VTE, DVT, and PE in a cohort of 11,288 VTE cases, 5,632 DVT cases, 5,130 PE cases, and 254,771 controls. We then assessed the proportion of the effect of obesity on VTE, DVT, and PE explained by circulating leptin levels.Result: Genetically predicted higher BMI was related to increased VTE (OR = 1.45, p < 0.001), DVT (OR = 1.63, p < 0.001), and PE (OR = 1.37, p < 0.001) risk, and higher circulating leptin levels increase odds of VTE (OR = 1.96, q < 0.001), DVT (OR = 2.52, q < 0.001), and PE (OR = 2.26, q = 0.005). In addition, we found that the causal effect between elevated serum adiponectin and the decreased risk of VTE (OR = 0.85, p = 0.013, q = 0.053) and PE (OR = 0.81, p = 0.032, q = 0.083) and between MCP-1 and the reduced risk of VTE (OR = 0.88, p = 0.048, q = 0.143) is no longer significant after FDR adjustment. In MR mediation analysis, the mediation effect of circulating leptin levels in the causal pathway from BMI to PE was estimated to be 1.28 (0.95–1.71, p = 0.10), accounting for 39.14% of the total effect.Conclusion: The circulating leptin level is a risk factor for VTE, DVT, and PE, but it might be a potential mediator of BMI on the risk of PE, and thus, interventions on the circulating leptin level in obesity might reduce the risk of PE. Adiponectin is a potential protective factor for both VTE and PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Xiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuyi Feng
- The Department of Radiology of the Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Long Jin,
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Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang T, Yin X, Man J, Lu M. Association of educational attainment with esophageal cancer, Barrett's esophagus, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1022367. [PMID: 37056646 PMCID: PMC10086429 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1022367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundObservational studies have reported that educational attainment has been related to the risk of esophageal cancer (EC) and its precancerous lesions. However, the causal relationship remains controversial. We aimed to apply the Mendelian randomization (MR) design to determine the causal associations between genetically predicted educational attainment and EC, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to explore whether modifiable risk factors play a mediating role.MethodsUsing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) based on European ancestry individuals of several years in education (EduYears, primary analysis, n = 293,723), college completion (College, secondary analysis, n = 95,427), EC (n = 420,531), BE (n = 361,194), and GERD (n = 420,531), genetic associations between two education phenotypes and EC, BE, and GERD were tested by two-sample MR analyses. Then, two-step MR mediation analyses were used to assess the proportion of the aforementioned association that might be mediated by body mass index (BMI), major depressive disorder (MDD), smoking, drinking, carbohydrates, fat, and protein intake.ResultsGenetically predicted EduYears was negatively associated with the risk of EC, BE, and GERD {odds ratio (OR), 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.94], 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75–0.99), and 0.62 (95%CI, 0.58–0.67)}. EduYears was negatively associated with BMI, MDD, and smoking (range of OR: 0.76–0.84). There were positive associations between BMI, smoking with EC, BE, and GERD, as well as between MDD with GERD (range of OR: 1.08–1.50). For individual mediating effect, BMI and smoking mediated 15.75 and 14.15% of the EduYears-EC association and 15.46 and 16.85% of the EduYears-BE association. BMI, MDD, and smoking mediated 5.23, 4.98, and 4.49% of the EduYears-GERD association. For combined mediation, the aforementioned mediators explained 26.62, 28.38, and 11.48% of the effect of EduYears on EC, BE, and GERD. The mediating effects of drinking and dietary composition were not significant in the effect of education on EC, BE, and GERD.ConclusionOur study supports that genetically predicted higher educational attainment has a protective effect on EC, BE, and GERD, and is partly mediated by reducing adiposity, smoking, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyu Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Lu
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Lin Z, Huang J, Xie S, Zheng Z, Tang K, Li S, Chen R. The Association Between Insulin Use and Asthma: An Epidemiological Observational Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Study. Lung 2023; 201:189-199. [PMID: 36971839 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common respiratory disease caused by genetic and environmental factors, but the contribution of insulin use to the risk of asthma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between insulin use and asthma in a large population-based cohort, and further explore their causal relationship by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS An epidemiological study including 85,887 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018 was performed to evaluate the association between insulin use and asthma. Based on the inverse-variance weighted approach, MR analysis were conducted to estimate the causal effect of insulin use on asthma from the UKB and FinnGen datasets, respectively. RESULTS In the NHANES cohort, we found that insulin use was associated with an increased risk of asthma [odd ratio (OR) 1.38; 95% CI 1.16-1.64; p < 0.001]. For the MR analysis, we found a causal relationship between insulin use and a higher risk of asthma in both Finn (OR 1.10; p < 0.001) and UK Biobank cohorts (OR 1.18; p < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was no causal association between diabetes and asthma. After multivariable adjustment for diabetes in UKB cohort, the insulin use remained significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma (OR 1.17, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS An association between insulin use and an increased risk of asthma was found via the real-world data from the NHANES. In addition, the current study identified a causal effect and provided a genetic evidence of insulin use and asthma. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association between insulin use and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Nanshan School of Medical, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuojia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Nanshan School of Medical, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Kailun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shiyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruchong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Tan Z, Zhu S, Liu C, Meng Y, Li J, Zhang J, Dong W. Causal Link between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Fistula: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072482. [PMID: 37048564 PMCID: PMC10095427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have found that fistulas are common in Crohn's disease (CD) and less common in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, some patients have a fistula before diagnosis. Based on retrospective analysis, it was not possible to determine whether there was a bi-directional causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and fistulas. METHODS Data were extracted from the open GWAS database; 25,042 cases and 34,915 controls were included for IBD, and 6926 cases and 30,228 controls were included for fistula. Two-sample Mendelian randomization and multivariable Mendelian randomization were used in combination to determine the causal relationship between IBD and fistula. RESULTS Forward MR showed that IBD increased the risk of colonic or urogenital fistula (FISTULA) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.13, p = 1.22 × 10-6), mainly associated with fissure and fistula of the anal and rectal regions (FISSANAL) (OR:1.10, 95% CI:1.06 to 1.14, p = 6.12 × 10-8), but not with fistulas involving the female genital tract (FEMGENFISTUL) (OR:0.97, 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.11, p = 0.669). Furthermore, both UC and CD increased the risk of FISTULA. However, after adjusting by MVMR, only CD increased the risk of FISTULA (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.11, p = 0.004), and UC did not increase the risk of FISTULA (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.06, p = 0.838). Reverse MR showed that fistulas did not increase the risk of IBD. CONCLUSION Our study confirms it is CD, rather than UC, that casually leads to an increased risk of fistula, but fistulas do not increase the risk of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbiao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
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245
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Xie J, Huang H, Liu Z, Li Y, Yu C, Xu L, Xu C. The associations between modifiable risk factors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive Mendelian randomization study. Hepatology 2023; 77:949-964. [PMID: 35971878 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early identification of modifiable risk factors is essential for the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to systematically explore the relationships between genetically predicted modifiable risk factors and NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS We applied univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses to explore the relationships between 35 modifiable risk factors and NAFLD. We also evaluated the combined results in three independent large genome-wide association studies. Genetically predicted alcohol frequency, elevated serum levels of liver enzymes, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and obesity traits, including body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat mass, were associated with increased risks of NAFLD (all with p < 0.05). Poor physical condition had a suggestive increased risk for NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, p = 0.042). Genetically instrumented type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypothyroidism, and hypertension all increased the risk for NAFLD, and the ORs (95% confidence interval) were 1.508 (1.20-1.90), 13.08 (1.53-111.65), and 3.11 (1.33-7.31) for a 1-U increase in log-transformed odds, respectively. The positive associations of T2DM and hypertension with NAFLD remained significant in multivariable analyses. The combined results from the discovery and two replication datasets further confirmed that alcohol frequency, elevated serum liver enzymes, poor physical condition, obesity traits, T2DM, and hypertension significantly increase the risk of NAFLD, whereas higher education and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) could lower NAFLD risk. CONCLUSIONS Genetically predicted alcohol frequency, elevated serum liver enzymes, poor physical condition, obesity traits, T2DM, and hypertension were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, whereas higher education and HDL-cholesterol were associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,Department of Gastroenterology , Ningbo First Hospital , Ningbo , China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,Department of Gastroenterology , Ningbo First Hospital , Ningbo , China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases , Hangzhou , China
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246
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Yun Z, Nan M, Li X, Liu Z, Xu J, Du X, Dong Q, Hou L. Processed meat, red meat, white meat, and digestive tract cancers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078963. [PMID: 36860687 PMCID: PMC9968810 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observational studies suggested inconsistent insights on the associations between meat intake and the risk of digestive tract cancers (DCTs). The causal effect of meat intake on DCTs is unclear. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data from UK Biobank and FinnGen to evaluate the causal effect of meat intake [processed meat, red meat (pork, beef, and lamb), and white meat (poultry)] on DCTs (esophageal, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers). The causal effects were estimated using a primary analysis that employed inverse-variance weighting (IVW) and complementary analysis that utilized MR-Egger weighted by the median. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Cochran Q statistic, a funnel plot, the MR-Egger intercept, and a leave-one-out approach. MR-PRESSO and Radial MR were performed to identify and remove outliers. To demonstrate direct causal effects, multivariable MR (MVMR) was applied. In addition, risk factors were introduced to explore potential mediators of the relationship between exposure and outcome. Results The results of the univariable MR analysis indicated that genetically proxied processed meat intake was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer [IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-4.19; P = 0.031]. The causal effect is consistent in MVMR (OR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.14-13.04; P = 0.030) after controlling for the influence of other types of exposure. The body mass index and total cholesterol did not mediate the causal effects described above. There was no evidence to support the causal effects of processed meat intake on other cancers, except for colorectal cancer. Similarly, there is no causal association between red meat, white meat intake, and DCTs. Conclusions Our study reported that processed meat intake increases the risk of colorectal cancer rather than other DCTs. No causal relationship was observed between red and white meat intake and DCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Hou
- *Correspondence: Li Hou ✉
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247
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Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Iridocyclitis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041282. [PMID: 36835817 PMCID: PMC9960523 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iridocyclitis (IC) is a common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Observational studies showed patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) both have a higher risk of IC. However, due to the inherent limitations of observational studies, the association and its directionality between the two forms of IBD and IC remain undiscerned. METHODS Genetic variants for IBD and IC were selected as instruments from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and FinnGen database as instrumental variables, respectively. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR were performed successively. Three different MR methods were performed to determine the causal association, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median, whereas IVW was used as the main analysis. Different methods for sensitivity analysis were used, including MR-Egger intercept test, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis. RESULTS Bidirectional MR suggested both UC and CD were positively associated with IC as a whole, acute and subacute IC, and chronic IC. However, in the MVMR analysis, only the association from CD to IC remained stable. In the reverse analysis, no association was observed from IC to UC or CD. CONCLUSIONS Both UC and CD are associated with an increased risk of IC compared with healthy individuals. However, the association between CD and IC is stronger. In the reverse direction, patients with IC do not suffer a higher risk of UC or CD. We emphasize the importance of ophthalmic examinations for IBD patients, especially for CD patients.
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Abdellaoui A, Yengo L, Verweij KJH, Visscher PM. 15 years of GWAS discovery: Realizing the promise. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:179-194. [PMID: 36634672 PMCID: PMC9943775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been 15 years since the advent of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) era. Here, we review how this experimental design has realized its promise by facilitating an impressive range of discoveries with remarkable impact on multiple fields, including population genetics, complex trait genetics, epidemiology, social science, and medicine. We predict that the emergence of large-scale biobanks will continue to expand to more diverse populations and capture more of the allele frequency spectrum through whole-genome sequencing, which will further improve our ability to investigate the causes and consequences of human genetic variation for complex traits and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intervertebral disc degeneration is a contributor to chronic back pain. While a part of the natural aging process, early or rapid intervertebral disc degeneration is highly heritable. In this review, we summarize recent progress towards unraveling the genetics associated with this degenerative process. RECENT FINDINGS Use of large cohorts of patient data to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for intervertebral disc disease, and to lesser extent for aspects of this process, such as disc height, has resulted in a large increase in our understanding of the genetic etiology. Genetic correlation suggests that intervertebral disc disease is pleiotropic with risk factors for other diseases such as osteoporosis. The use of Mendelian Randomization is slowly establishing what are the causal relationships between intervertebral disc disease and factors previously correlated with this disease. The results from these human genetic studies highlight the complex nature of this disease and have the potential to lead to improved clinical management of intervertebral disc disease. Much additional work should now be focused on characterizing the causative relationship various co-morbid conditions have with intervertebral disc degeneration and on finding interventions to slow or halt this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Ou-Yang
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, MS8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christopher J Kleck
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, MS8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, MS8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Sun Y, Li Y, Yu T, Zhang J. Causal associations of anthropometric measurements with osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279198. [PMID: 36716300 PMCID: PMC9886244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We believe that there is a causal relationship between waist circumference and knee osteoarthritis. To confirm the hypothesis, we have conducted this study. METHODS Genetic variants associated with the five anthropometric variables were obtained from previous large-scale genomewide association studies. Summary-level data on osteoarthritis were obtained from the UK Biobank. The univariable and multivariable MR framework were used to evaluate the associations. The two-sided p value was considered to be statistically significant at 0.01 (where p = 0.05/5) after Bonferroni correction for the five exposure variables. RESULTS In the univariable MR, there was evidence of a detrimental effect of height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference on osteoarthritis risk in the main IVW analyses (height: OR 1.115, 95% CI 1.054-1.180; weight: OR 1.765, 95% CI 1.650-1.889; BMI: OR 1.952, 95%CI 1.841-2.068; waist circumference: OR 2.140, 95% CI 1.994-2.296; hip circumference: OR 1.719, 95% CI 1.600-1.846). And the analyses on knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis yielded similar results. However, the multivariable MR showed that only waist circumference was causally associated with osteoarthritis, after adjusting for the confounding exposure effects (waist circumference: OR 1.877, 95% CI 1.286-2.739). Such association was also repeated in the analyses on knee osteoarthritis but not hip osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the causal associations between waist circumference and knee osteoarthritis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Changchun, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Changchun, China
| | - Jiting Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Changchun, China
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