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Qi JR, Zhao DR, Zhao L, Luo F, Yang M. MiR-520a-3p Inhibited Macrophage Polarization and Promoted the Development of Atherosclerosis via Targeting UVRAG in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:621324. [PMID: 33768113 PMCID: PMC7985160 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.621324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a kind of chronic inflammatory blood vessel disease, is a main cause of cardiovascular disease, which is a leading cause of mortality around the world. Accumulation of macrophages induced by inflammation contributes to AS development. It has been indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the process of AS. However, the pathway and gene miRNAs targeting are poorly understood. Here we reported that miR-520a-3p was increased in mice with AS and silencing of miR-520a-3p attenuated AS process. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-520a-3p increased the expression of α-SMA and collagen. In addition, miR-520a-3p silencing inhibited the expression of M1 macrophage polarization markers and pro-inflammatory genes and promoted the M2 macrophage polarization. What’s more, forced expression of miR-520a-3p diminished IL4/IL13 induced macrophage autophagy via targeting UVRAG. Collectively, our study reveals the role of miR-520a-3p in macrophage polarization and suggests the potential of miRNA as a novel treatment target of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rui Qi
- Department of Geratology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | | | - Li Zhao
- Department of Geratology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Fan Luo
- Department of Geratology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Geratology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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202
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Effects of lipoproteins on endothelial cells and macrophages function and its possible implications on fetal adverse outcomes associated to maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy. Placenta 2021; 106:79-87. [PMID: 33706211 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. During pregnancy, maternal hypercholesterolemia develops, and it can occur in a physiological (MPH) or supraphysiological (MSPH) manner, where MSPH is associated with endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerotic lesions in the fetoplacental vasculature. In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, endothelial activation and endothelial dysfunction, characterized by an imbalance in the bioavailability of nitric oxide, contribute to the early stages of this disease. Macrophages conversion to foam cells, cholesterol efflux from these cells and its differentiation into a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype are also important processes that contribute to atherosclerosis. In adults it has been reported that native and modified HDL and LDL play an important role in endothelial and macrophage function. In this review it is proposed that fetal lipoproteins could be also relevant factors involved in the detrimental vascular effects described in MSPH. Changes in the composition and function of neonatal lipoproteins compared to adults has been reported and, although in MSPH pregnancies the fetal lipid profile does not differ from MPH, differences in the lipidomic profiles of umbilical venous blood have been reported, which could have implications in the vascular function. In this review we summarize the available information regarding the effects of lipoproteins on endothelial and macrophage function, emphasizing its possible implications on fetal adverse outcomes associated to maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy.
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203
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Cholesterol loading suppresses the atheroinflammatory gene polarization of human macrophages induced by colony stimulating factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4923. [PMID: 33649397 PMCID: PMC7921113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerotic lesions, blood-derived monocytes differentiate into distinct macrophage subpopulations, and further into cholesterol-filled foam cells under a complex milieu of cytokines, which also contains macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte–macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Here we generated human macrophages in the presence of either M-CSF or GM-CSF to obtain M-MØ and GM-MØ, respectively. The macrophages were converted into cholesterol-loaded foam cells by incubating them with acetyl-LDL, and their atheroinflammatory gene expression profiles were then assessed. Compared with GM-MØ, the M-MØ expressed higher levels of CD36, SRA1, and ACAT1, and also exhibited a greater ability to take up acetyl-LDL, esterify cholesterol, and become converted to foam cells. M-MØ foam cells expressed higher levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and, correspondingly, exhibited higher rates of cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and HDL2. Cholesterol loading of M-MØ strongly suppressed the high baseline expression of CCL2, whereas in GM-MØ the low baseline expression CCL2 remained unchanged during cholesterol loading. The expression of TNFA, IL1B, and CXCL8 were reduced in LPS-activated macrophage foam cells of either subtype. In summary, cholesterol loading converged the CSF-dependent expression of key genes related to intracellular cholesterol balance and inflammation. These findings suggest that transformation of CSF-polarized macrophages into foam cells may reduce their atheroinflammatory potential in atherogenesis.
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204
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Patel S, Werstuck GH. Macrophage Function and the Role of GSK3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042206. [PMID: 33672232 PMCID: PMC7926541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in nearly all vertebrate tissues, where they respond to a complex variety of regulatory signals to coordinate immune functions involved in tissue development, metabolism, homeostasis, and repair. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a ubiquitously expressed protein kinase that plays important roles in multiple pathways involved in cell metabolism. Dysregulation of GSK3 has been implicated in several prevalent metabolic disorders, and recent findings have highlighted the importance of GSK3 activity in the regulation of macrophages, especially with respect to the initiation of specific pathologies. This makes GSK3 a potential therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs to modulate immunometabolic responses. Here, we summarize recent findings that have contributed to our understanding of how GSK3 regulates macrophage function, and we discuss the role of GSK3 in the development of metabolic disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvatit Patel
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, 237 Barton Street E, Hamilton, ON L9L 2X2, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Geoff H. Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, 237 Barton Street E, Hamilton, ON L9L 2X2, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-521-2100 (ext. 40747)
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205
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A data-driven computational model enables integrative and mechanistic characterization of dynamic macrophage polarization. iScience 2021; 24:102112. [PMID: 33659877 PMCID: PMC7895754 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic immune cells that dynamically integrate microenvironmental signals to shape their own functional phenotypes, a process known as polarization. Here we develop a large-scale mechanistic computational model that for the first time enables a systems-level characterization, from quantitative, temporal, dose-dependent, and single-cell perspectives, of macrophage polarization driven by a complex multi-pathway signaling network. The model was extensively calibrated and validated against literature and focused on in-house experimental data. Using the model, we generated dynamic phenotype maps in response to numerous combinations of polarizing signals; we also probed into an in silico population of model-based macrophages to examine the impact of polarization continuum at the single-cell level. Additionally, we analyzed the model under an in vitro condition of peripheral arterial disease to evaluate strategies that can potentially induce therapeutic macrophage repolarization. Our model is a key step toward the future development of a network-centric, comprehensive "virtual macrophage" simulation platform.
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206
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Cheng P, Li S, Chen H. Macrophages in Lung Injury, Repair, and Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020436. [PMID: 33670759 PMCID: PMC7923175 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis progression in the lung commonly results in impaired functional gas exchange, respiratory failure, or even death. In addition to the aberrant activation and differentiation of lung fibroblasts, persistent alveolar injury and incomplete repair are the driving factors of lung fibrotic response. Macrophages are activated and polarized in response to lipopolysaccharide- or bleomycin-induced lung injury. The classically activated macrophage (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) have been extensively investigated in lung injury, repair, and fibrosis. In the present review, we summarized the current data on monocyte-derived macrophages that are recruited to the lung, as well as alveolar resident macrophages and their polarization, pyroptosis, and phagocytosis in acute lung injury (ALI). Additionally, we described how macrophages interact with lung epithelial cells during lung repair. Finally, we emphasized the role of macrophage polarization in the pulmonary fibrotic response, and elucidated the potential benefits of targeting macrophage in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Cheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Shuangyan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China;
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence:
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207
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Zhang X, Qin Y, Wan X, Liu H, Lv C, Ruan W, He L, Lu L, Guo X. Rosuvastatin exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving macrophage-related foam cell formation and polarization conversion via mediating autophagic activities. J Transl Med 2021; 19:62. [PMID: 33568202 PMCID: PMC7877030 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease posing a great threat to public health. We investigated whether rosuvastatin (RVS) enhanced autophagic activities to inhibit lipid accumulation and polarization conversion of macrophages and then attenuate atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS All male Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed high-fat diet supplemented with RVS (10 mg/kg/day) or the same volume of normal saline gavage for 20 weeks. The burden of plaques in mice were determined by histopathological staining. Biochemical kits were used to examine the levels of lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines. The potential mechanisms by which RVS mediated atherosclerosis were explored by western blot, real-time PCR assay, and immunofluorescence staining in mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS Our data showed that RVS treatment reduced plaque areas in the aorta inner surface and the aortic sinus of ApoE-/- mice with high-fat diet. RVS markedly improved lipid profiles and reduced contents of inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. Then, results of Western blot showed that RVS increased the ratio LC3II/I and level of Beclin 1 and decreased the expression of p62 in aortic tissues, which might be attributed to suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, hinting that autophagy cascades were activated by RVS. Moreover, RVS raised the contents of ABCA1, ABCG1, Arg-1, CD206 and reduced iNOS expression of arterial wall, indicating that RVS promoted cholesterol efflux and M2 macrophage polarization. Similarly, we observed that RVS decreased lipids contents and inflammatory factors expressions in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by ox-LDL, accompanied by levels elevation of ABCA1, ABCG1, Arg-1, CD206 and content reduction of iNOS. These anti-atherosclerotic effects of RVS were abolished by 3-methyladenine intervention. Moreover, RVS could reverse the impaired autophagy flux in macrophages insulted by chloroquine. We further found that PI3K inhibitor LY294002 enhanced and agonist 740 Y-P weakened the autophagy-promoting roles of RVS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that RVS exhibits atheroprotective effects involving regulation lipid accumulation and polarization conversion by improving autophagy initiation and development via suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and enhancing autophagic flux in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yating Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoning Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weibin Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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208
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Lei C, Yang D, Chen W, Kan H, Xu F, Zhang H, Wang W, Ji L, Zheng Y. The potential role of chemotaxis and the complement system in the formation and progression of thoracic aortic aneurysms inferred from the weighted gene coexpression network analysis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:49. [PMID: 33531038 PMCID: PMC7852290 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) can be life-threatening due to the progressive weakening and dilatation of the aortic wall. Once the aortic wall has ruptured, no effective pharmaceutical therapies are available. However, studies on TAA at the gene expression level are limited. Our study aimed to identify the driver genes and critical pathways of TAA through gene coexpression networks. METHODS We analyzed the genetic data of TAA patients from a public database by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Modules with clinical significance were identified, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were intersected with the genes in these modules. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Finally, hub genes that might be driving factors of TAA were identified. Furthermore, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of these genes and analyzed the composition of immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS We identified 256 DEGs and two modules with clinical significance. The immune response, including leukocyte adhesion, mononuclear cell proliferation and T cell activation, was identified by functional enrichment analysis. CX3CR1, C3, and C3AR1 were the top 3 hub genes in the module correlated with TAA, and the areas under the curve (AUCs) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of all the hub genes exceeded 0.7. Finally, we found that the proportions of infiltrating immune cells in TAA and normal tissues were different, especially in terms of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. CONCLUSION Chemotaxis and the complement system were identified as crucial pathways in TAA, and macrophages with interactive immune cells may regulate this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxiang Lei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No 1. Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxuan Kan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No 1. Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No 1. Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No 1. Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No 1. Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No 1. Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No 1. Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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209
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Gao X, Yang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Boireau P, Liu M, Bai X. Extracellular vesicles derived from Trichinella spiralis prevent colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105761. [PMID: 33221281 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous containers released by cells that are powerful agents of intercellular communication. EVs have been described for various parasites and are associated with tissue inflammation. Several studies have demonstrated that parasite EVs can have either pro- or anti-inflammatory impacts, depending on the type of parasite. To evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of EVs produced by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), we established a mouse model with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The muscle larvae of T. spiralis were cultured in vitro and the released EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation. T. spiralis EVs (Ts-EVs) were characterized according to morphology, size and constituent surface proteins (CD63, Enolase and Hsp70). Mice were treated with water containing 3% DSS after last intraperitoneal injection of Ts-EVs. Disease activity index (DAI), macroscopic and histopathological scores of Ts-EVs group was lower than DSS group. And Ts-EVs prevented the increase in the expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-1β observed in the colon of DSS-treated mice. In contrast, upregulation of IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β and IL-13 expression was detected in Ts-EVs+DSS group. In addition, Ts-EVs increased the infiltration of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages into the colon. The expression of CD206 (M2 marker) in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of mice with colitis increased in Ts-EVs+DSS group. Furthermore, Ts-EVs interfered with both the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Ts-EVs can affect the development of inflammation in DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization, due to their immunomodulatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Xiyuan Road, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Pascal Boireau
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; ANSES, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Est, Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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210
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Sobrino A, Walker ME, Colas RA, Dalli J. Protective activities of distinct omega-3 enriched oils are linked to their ability to upregulate specialized pro-resolving mediators. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242543. [PMID: 33326419 PMCID: PMC7743945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies using a range of omega-3 supplements have yielded conflicting results on their efficacy to control inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids are substrate for the formation of potent immune-protective mediators, termed as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). Herein, we investigated whether observed differences in the potencies of distinct omega-3 supplements were linked with their ability to upregulate SPM formation. Using lipid mediator profiling we found that four commercially available supplements conferred a unique SPM signature profile to human macrophages, with the overall increases in SPM concentrations being different between the four supplements. These increases in SPM concentrations were linked with an upregulation of macrophage phagocytosis and a decreased uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Pharmacological inhibition of two key SPM biosynthetic enzymes 5-Lipoxygenase or 15-Lipoxygenase reversed the macrophage-directed actions of each of the omega-3 supplements. Furthermore, administration of the two supplements that most potently upregulated macrophage SPM formation and reprogrammed their responses in vitro, to APOE-/- mice fed a western diet, increased plasma SPM concentrations and reduced vascular inflammation. Together these findings support the utility of SPM as potential prognostic markers in determining the utility of a given supplement to regulate macrophage responses and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agua Sobrino
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E. Walker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romain A. Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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211
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Yu GR, Lee SJ, Kim DH, Lim DW, Kim H, Park WH, Kim JE. Literature-Based Drug Repurposing in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Reduced Inflammatory M1 Macrophage Polarization by Jisil Haebaek Gyeji-Tang Alleviates Cardiovascular Disease In Vitro and Ex Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8881683. [PMID: 33456493 PMCID: PMC7787781 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8881683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Relatively high proportions of proinflammatory M1-like macrophages in tissues may lead to vascular impairment and trigger numerous diseases including atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). Jisil Haebaek Gyeji-tang (JHGT), a polyherbal decoction, is traditionally used to treat various human ailments including chest pain, angina, and myocardial infarction. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of JHGT on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated M1 macrophage polarization generated via the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. The reducing power of JHGT was also investigated using DAF-FA DA in a zebrafish model. JHGT significantly reduced inflammatory mediator levels, including iNOS, COX2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as compared with LPS-stimulated controls in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, JHGT suppressed the ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways and reduced p-IκBα levels and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, treatment with JHGT significantly reduced the NO levels in LPS-treated zebrafish larva ex vivo. Our findings show the potent anti-inflammatory properties of JHGT are due to its suppression of MAPK signaling, NF-κB translocation, and M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Ram Yu
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hoon Kim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hwan Park
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Eun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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212
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Li H, Zou J, Yu XH, Ou X, Tang CK. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 and atherosclerosis: New insights and therapeutic potential. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4216-4230. [PMID: 33275290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), an important transcription factor belonging to the ZEB family, plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression required for both normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that ZEB1 participates in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggest that ZEB1 protects against atherosclerosis by regulation of endothelial cell angiogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, monocyte-endothelial cell interaction, macrophage lipid accumulation, macrophage polarization, monocyte-vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) interaction, VSMC proliferation and migration, and T cell proliferation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of ZEB1 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide insights into the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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213
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Lipophagy in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:208-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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214
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Ordikhani F, Pothula V, Sanchez-Tarjuelo R, Jordan S, Ochando J. Macrophages in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582939. [PMID: 33329555 PMCID: PMC7734247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunosuppressive therapy has led to excellent short-term survival rates in organ transplantation. However, long-term graft survival rates are suboptimal, and a vast number of allografts are gradually lost in the clinic. An increasing number of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role in graft rejection, as these mononuclear phagocytic cells recognize alloantigens and trigger an inflammatory cascade that activate the adaptive immune response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that monocytes acquire a feature of memory recall response that is associated with a potent immune response. This form of memory is called “trained immunity,” and it is retained by mechanisms of epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells after exposure to particular ligands, which have a direct impact in allograft rejection. In this review article, we highlight the role of monocytes and macrophages in organ transplantation and summarize therapeutic approaches to promote tolerance through manipulation of monocytes and macrophages. These strategies may open new therapeutic opportunities to increase long-term transplant survival rates in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venu Pothula
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez-Tarjuelo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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215
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Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228729. [PMID: 33227973 PMCID: PMC7699263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the key for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that an altered gut microbiome (dysbiosis) triggers both local and systemic inflammation to cause chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. There have been some microbiome-relevant pro-inflammatory mechanisms proposed to link the relationships between dysbiosis and atherosclerosis such as gut permeability disruption, trigger of innate immunity from lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and generation of proatherogenic metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Meanwhile, immune responses, such as inflammasome activation and cytokine production, could reshape both composition and function of the microbiota. In fact, the immune system delicately modulates the interplay between microbiota and atherogenesis. Recent clinical trials have suggested the potential of immunomodulation as a treatment strategy of atherosclerosis. Here in this review, we present current knowledge regarding to the roles of microbiota in contributing atherosclerotic pathogenesis and highlight translational perspectives by discussing the mutual interplay between microbiota and immune system on atherogenesis.
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216
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Venosa A. Senescence in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Between Aging and Exposure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:606462. [PMID: 33282895 PMCID: PMC7689159 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.606462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, chronic pulmonary pathologies represent the third leading cause of death in the elderly population. Evidence-based projections suggest that >65 (years old) individuals will account for approximately a quarter of the world population before the turn of the century. Genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication, are described as the nine “hallmarks” that govern cellular fitness. Any deviation from the normal pattern initiates a complex cascade of events culminating to a disease state. This blueprint, originally employed to describe aberrant changes in cancer cells, can be also used to describe aging and fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the result of a progressive decline in injury resolution processes stemming from endogenous (physiological decline or somatic mutations) or exogenous stress. Environmental, dietary or occupational exposure accelerates the pathogenesis of a senescent phenotype based on (1) window of exposure; (2) dose, duration, recurrence; and (3) cells type being targeted. As the lung ages, the threshold to generate an irreversibly senescent phenotype is lowered. However, we do not have sufficient knowledge to make accurate predictions. In this review, we provide an assessment of the literature that interrogates lung epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune senescence at the intersection of aging, environmental exposure and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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217
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Fernández-García V, González-Ramos S, Martín-Sanz P, Castrillo A, Boscá L. Contribution of Extramedullary Hematopoiesis to Atherosclerosis. The Spleen as a Neglected Hub of Inflammatory Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:586527. [PMID: 33193412 PMCID: PMC7649205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) incidence is becoming higher. This fact is promoted by metabolic disorders such as obesity, and aging. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most of these pathologies. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that begins with the progressive accumulation of lipids and fibrotic materials in the blood-vessel wall, which leads to massive leukocyte recruitment. Rupture of the fibrous cap of the atherogenic cusps is responsible for tissue ischemic events, among them myocardial infarction. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), or blood cell production outside the bone marrow (BM), occurs when the normal production of these cells is impaired (chronic hematological and genetic disorders, leukemia, etc.) or is altered by metabolic disorders, such as hypercholesterolemia, or after myocardial infarction. Recent studies indicate that the main EMH tissues (spleen, liver, adipose and lymph nodes) complement the hematopoietic function of the BM, producing circulating inflammatory cells that infiltrate into the atheroma. Indeed, the spleen, which is a secondary lymphopoietic organ with high metabolic activity, contains a reservoir of myeloid progenitors and monocytes, constituting an important source of inflammatory cells to the atherosclerotic lesion. Furthermore, the spleen also plays an important role in lipid homeostasis and immune-cell selection. Interestingly, clinical evidence from splenectomized subjects shows that they are more susceptible to developing pathologies, such as dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis due to the loss of immune selection. Although CVDs represent the leading cause of death worldwide, the mechanisms involving the spleen-atherosclerosis-heart axis cross-talk remain poorly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina, (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM) and Universidad de Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Grupo de Investigación Medio Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina, (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM) and Universidad de Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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218
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Dual Effect of Soloxolone Methyl on LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217876. [PMID: 33114200 PMCID: PMC7660695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-extracted triterpenoids belong to a class of bioactive compounds with pleotropic functions, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of a semisynthetic derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βH-GA), soloxolone methyl (methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18βH-olean-9(11),1(2)-dien-30-oate, or SM) in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo in models of acute inflammation: LPS-induced endotoxemia and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. SM used at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (II) and increase the level of reduced glutathione production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SM strongly suppressed the phagocytic and migration activity of activated macrophages. These effects were found to be associated with the stimulation of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Akt phosphorylation. Surprisingly, it was found that SM significantly enhanced LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells via activation of the c-Jun/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling axis. In vivo pre-exposure treatment with SM effectively inhibited the development of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity, but it did not improve LPS-induced inflammation in the endotoxemia model.
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219
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Wang H, Yang G, Zhang Q, Liang X, Liu Y, Gao M, Guo Y, Chen L. Apremilast ameliorates ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction mediated by KLF6. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19012-19021. [PMID: 33052879 PMCID: PMC7732304 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor used in the treatment of psoriasis and several other inflammatory diseases. Interest has been expressed in seeking out therapies that address both psoriasis and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we explored the effects of apremilast in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to simulate the atherosclerotic microenvironment in vitro. Our findings indicate that apremilast may reduce the expression of lectin-like oxidized-low-density-lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), the main ox-LDL scavenging receptor. Apremilast also inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8), which are deeply involved in the chronic inflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis. Interestingly, we found that apremilast inhibited the attachment of U937 monocytes to HAECs by reducing the expression of the chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and the cellular adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). This effect was found to be mediated through the rescue of Krüppel like factor 6 (KLF6) expression, which was reduced in response to ox-LDL via increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These findings suggest a potential role for apremilast in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yutao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of General Practice, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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220
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Zhuo S, Yuan C. Active site competition is the mechanism for the inhibition of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 by detergent micelles or lipoproteins and for the efficacy reduction of darapladib. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17232. [PMID: 33057060 PMCID: PMC7560626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has been characterized for its interfacial activation as well as inhibition by detergent micelles and lipoprotein particles. The enzyme has been shown to bind on the surfaces of hydrophobic aggregates, such as detergent micelles, lipoprotein particles and even polystyrene latex nanobeads. Binding to hydrophobic aggregates stimulates the activity of Lp-PLA2 but may not be the necessary step for catalysis. However, at higher concentrations, detergent micelles, latex nanobeads or lipoprotein particles inhibit Lp-PLA2 possibly by blocking the access of substrates to the active site. The competition mechanism also blocks inhibitors such as darapladib binding to Lp-PLA2 and reduces the efficacy of the drug. Darapladib has very low solubility and mainly exists in solutions as complexes with detergents or lipoprotein particles. The inhibition of Lp-PLA2 by darapladib is dependent on many factors such as concentrations of detergents or lipoproteins, incubation time, as well as the order of mixing reaction components. The in vitro Lp-PLA2 activity assays used in clinical studies may not accurately reflect the residual Lp-PLA2 activity in vivo. Darapladib has been found mainly bound on HDL and albumin when it is incubated with human serum. However, Lp-PLA2 is more sensitive to darapladib when bound on LDL and relatively resistant to darapladib when bound on HDL. Therefore, high cholesterol levels may decrease the efficacy of darapladip and cause the drug to be less effective in high risk patients. Our study will help to design better inhibitors for Lp-PLA2. The discoveries also contribute to understanding the mechanism of interfacial activation and inhibition for Lp-PLA2 and provide a new concept for researchers in building better kinetic model for interfacial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiu Zhuo
- Diazyme Laboratories, Inc, 12889 Gregg Ct., Poway, CA, 92064, USA. .,Bayer HealthCare, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA.
| | - Chong Yuan
- Diazyme Laboratories, Inc, 12889 Gregg Ct., Poway, CA, 92064, USA
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221
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Kostyunin A, Mukhamadiyarov R, Glushkova T, Bogdanov L, Shishkova D, Osyaev N, Ovcharenko E, Kutikhin A. Ultrastructural Pathology of Atherosclerosis, Calcific Aortic Valve Disease, and Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Degeneration: Commonalities and Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7434. [PMID: 33050133 PMCID: PMC7587971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), and bioprosthetic heart valve degeneration (alternatively termed structural valve deterioration, SVD) represent three diseases affecting distinct components of the circulatory system and their substitutes, yet sharing multiple risk factors and commonly leading to the extraskeletal calcification. Whereas the histopathology of the mentioned disorders is well-described, their ultrastructural pathology is largely obscure due to the lack of appropriate investigation techniques. Employing an original method for sample preparation and the electron microscopy visualisation of calcified cardiovascular tissues, here we revisited the ultrastructural features of lipid retention, macrophage infiltration, intraplaque/intraleaflet haemorrhage, and calcification which are common or unique for the indicated types of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic plaques were notable for the massive accumulation of lipids in the extracellular matrix (ECM), abundant macrophage content, and pronounced neovascularisation associated with blood leakage and calcium deposition. In contrast, CAVD and SVD generally did not require vasculo- or angiogenesis to occur, instead relying on fatigue-induced ECM degradation and the concurrent migration of immune cells. Unlike native tissues, bioprosthetic heart valves contained numerous specialised macrophages and were not capable of the regeneration that underscores ECM integrity as a pivotal factor for SVD prevention. While atherosclerosis, CAVD, and SVD show similar pathogenesis patterns, these disorders demonstrate considerable ultrastructural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anton Kutikhin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.K.); (R.M.); (T.G.); (L.B.); (D.S.); (N.O.); (E.O.)
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222
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Skuratovskaia D, Vulf M, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Komar A, Shunkin E, Shupletsova V, Goncharov A, Urazova O, Litvinova L. Tissue-Specific Role of Macrophages in Noninfectious Inflammatory Disorders. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E400. [PMID: 33050138 PMCID: PMC7600904 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation may not begin with local tissue disorders, such as hypoxia, but with the accumulation of critically activated macrophages in one site. The purpose of this review is to analyze the data reported in the scientific literature on the features of the functions of macrophages and their contributions to the development of pathology in various tissues during aseptic inflammation in obese subjects. In individuals with obesity, increased migration of monocytes from the peripheral blood to various tissues, the proliferation of resident macrophages and a change in the balance between alternatively activated anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) and pro-inflammatory classically activated macrophages (M1) towards the latter have been observed. The primary cause of some metabolic pathologies has been precisely identified as the recruitment of macrophages with an altered phenotype, which is probably typical for many other pathologies. Recent studies have identified phenotypes, such as metabolically activated M (MMe), oxidized (Mox), hemoglobin-related macrophages (Mhem and MHb), M4 and neuroimmunological macrophages (NAM, SAM), which directly and indirectly affect energy metabolism. The high heterogeneity of macrophages in tissues contributes to the involvement of these cells in the development of a wide range of immune responses, including pathological ones. The replenishment of tissue-specific macrophages occurs at the expense of infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) in the pathological process. The origin of MoMFs from a general precursor retains their common regulatory mechanisms and similar sensitivity to regulatory stimuli. This makes it possible to find universal approaches to the effect on these cells and, as a consequence, universal approaches for the treatment of various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Skuratovskaia
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Vulf
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Komar
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Egor Shunkin
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Valeriya Shupletsova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Andrei Goncharov
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Olga Urazova
- Pathophysiology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.V.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (L.L.)
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223
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CX3CR1 Deficiency Attenuates DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Through Skewed Polarization Towards M2 Phenotype in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197401. [PMID: 33036460 PMCID: PMC7582565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1 can function as both an adhesion molecule and a chemokine for CX3CR1+ cells, such as T cells, monocytes, and NK cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction is associated with the development of various inflammatory skin diseases. In this study, we examined CX3CR1 involvement in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity using CX3CR1-/- mice. Ear swelling and dermal edema were attenuated after DNFB challenge in CX3CR1-/- mice. Expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and M1 macrophage markers was decreased in the ears of CX3CR1-/- mice, whereas expression of M2 macrophage markers including arginase-1 was increased. Decreased TNF-α and IL-6 expression and increased arginase-1 expression were found in peritoneal macrophages from CX3CR1-/- mice. Furthermore, ear swelling was attenuated by depleting dermal macrophages in wild-type mice to a similar level to CX3CR1-/- mice. These results suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency could induce skewed polarization towards M2 phenotype in macrophages, resulting in attenuation of contact hypersensitivity response.
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224
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Yoshii D, Nakagawa T, Komohara Y, Kawaguchi H, Yamada S, Tanimoto A. Phenotypic Changes in Macrophage Activation in a Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease using Microminipigs. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 28:844-851. [PMID: 33012740 PMCID: PMC8326174 DOI: 10.5551/jat.57703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver disorders associated with metabolic syndrome, and its prevalence has been on the rise. The pathogenesis of NAFLD has not yet been sufficiently elucidated due to the multifactorial nature of the disease, although the activation of macrophages/Kupffer cells is considered to be involved. We previously reported an animal model of NAFLD using Microminipigs
TM
(µMPs) fed high-fat diets containing cholesterol with or without cholic acid. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic changes of macrophages that occur during the development of NAFLD.
Methods:
Immunohistochemistry of macrophages, lymphocytes, and stellate cells was performed using liver samples, and the density of positive cells was analyzed.
Results:
The number of Iba-1-positive macrophages increased with increasing cholesterol content in the diet. The numbers of CD163-positive macrophages and CD204-positive macrophages also increased with increasing cholesterol content in the diet; however, the proportion of CD204-positive macrophages among Iba-1-positive macrophages was significantly reduced by cholic acid supplementation.
Conclusion:
The results suggest that lipid accumulation induced macrophage recruitment in swine livers, and that the number of M2-like macrophages increased at the early stage of NAFLD, while the number of M1-like macrophages increased at the late stage of NAFLD, resulting in a liver condition like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We provide evidence of the phenotypic changes that occur in macrophages during the development of NAFLD that has never been reported before using µMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Yoshii
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Takenobu Nakagawa
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
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225
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Belyaeva VS, Stepenko YV, Lyubimov II, Kulikov AL, Tietze AA, Kochkarova IS, Martynova OV, Pokopeyko ON, Krupen’kina LA, Nagikh AS, Pokrovskiy VM, Patrakhanov EA, Belashova AV, Lebedev PR, Gureeva AV. Non-hematopoietic erythropoietin-derived peptides for atheroprotection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.58891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevance: Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of premature adult death.Lipid profile and atherogenesis: Dislipidaemia leads to subsequent lipid accumulation and migration of immunocompetent cells into the vessel intima. Macrophages accumulate cholesterol forming foam cells – the morphological substrate of atherosclerosis in its initial stage.Inflammation and atherogenesis: Pro-inflammatory factors provoke oxidative stress, vascular wall damage and foam cells formation.Endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis: Endothelial mitochondria are some of the organelles most sensitive to oxidative stress. Damaged mitochondria produce excess superoxide and H2O2, which are the main factors of intracellular damage, further increasing endothelial dysfunction.Short non-hematopoietic erythropoietin-based peptides as innovative atheroprotectors: Research in recent decades has shown that erythropoietin has a high cytoprotective activity, which is mainly associated with exposure to the mitochondrial link and has been confirmed in various experimental models. There is also a short-chain derivative, the 11-amino acid pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (PHBSP), which selectively binds to the erythropoietin heterodymic receptor and reproduces its cytoprotective properties. This indicates the promising use of short-chain derivatives of erythropoietin for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic vascular injury. In the future, it is planned to study the PHBSP derivatives, the modification of which consists in adding RGD and PGP tripeptides with antiaggregant properties to the original 11-member peptide.
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226
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Lin W, Zhou L, Liu M, Zhang D, Yan Y, Chang YF, Zhang X, Xie Q, Luo Q. gga-miR-200b-3p Promotes Macrophage Activation and Differentiation via Targeting Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation-Associated in HD11 Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:563143. [PMID: 33101281 PMCID: PMC7555432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.563143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in various biological processes through regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Although miRNAs are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in mammals, few reports regarding the effects of host miRNAs on macrophage activation and differentiation are available in birds. Here, we reported that gga-miR-200b-3p acts as a positive regulator, enhancing macrophage activation and differentiation using an avian model. We found that ectopic expression of gga-miR-200b-3p in HD11 cells enhances the amount of MHC-II-positive cells and promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and that gga-miR-200b-3p directly targets monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD). The inhibition of MMD by gga-miR-200b-3p enhances the activation and differentiation of HD11 cells and increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings highlight a crucial role of gga-miR-200b-3p in macrophage activation and differentiation in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianghui Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqing Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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227
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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228
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Wang J, Xia J, Huang R, Hu Y, Fan J, Shu Q, Xu J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alter disease outcomes via endorsement of macrophage polarization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:424. [PMID: 32993783 PMCID: PMC7522905 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stromal cells that reside in virtually all postnatal tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities, MSCs have attracted growing attention during the past two decades. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are able to duplicate the effects of their parental cells by transferring functional proteins and genetic materials to recipient cells without cell-to-cell contact. MSC-EVs also target macrophages, which play an essential role in innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs reduce M1 polarization and/or promote M2 polarization in a variety of settings. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of macrophage polarization and roles of MSC-EV-induced macrophage polarization in the outcomes of cardiovascular, pulmonary, digestive, renal, and central nervous system diseases. In conclusion, MSC-EVs may become a viable alternative to MSCs for the treatment of diseases in which inflammation and immunity play a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmei Wang
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Jie Xia
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Ruoqiong Huang
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Yaoqin Hu
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
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229
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Thiriot JD, Martinez-Martinez YB, Endsley JJ, Torres AG. Hacking the host: exploitation of macrophage polarization by intracellular bacterial pathogens. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5739920. [PMID: 32068828 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an integral role in host defenses against intracellular bacterial pathogens. A remarkable plasticity allows for adaptation to the needs of the host to orchestrate versatile innate immune responses to a variety of microbial threats. Several bacterial pathogens have adapted to macrophage plasticity and modulate the classical (M1) or alternative (M2) activation bias towards a polarization state that increases fitness for intracellular survival. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the host macrophage and intracellular bacterial interface; highlighting the roles of M1/M2 polarization in host defense and the mechanisms employed by several important intracellular pathogens to modulate macrophage polarization to favor persistence or proliferation. Understanding macrophage polarization in the context of disease caused by different bacterial pathogens is important for the identification of targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Thiriot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Texas 77555 USA
| | - Yazmin B Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Texas 77555 USA
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Texas 77555 USA
| | - Alfredo G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Texas 77555 USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch , University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Texas 77555 USA
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230
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Borowczyk C, Laroche-Traineau J, Brevier J, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Marais S, Gerbaud E, Clofent-Sanchez G, Ottones F. Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) may be useful to identify macrophage subsets based on their metabolic activity and cellular responses in atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis 2020; 309:47-55. [PMID: 32871394 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of lipid plaques within the arterial wall. In such plaques, the massive and continuous recruitment of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages induces inflammation, leading to plaque destabilization and rupture. Plaque vulnerability is linked to the presence of (i) a large lipid core that contains necrotic, "foamy" macrophages (FMs), (ii) a thin fibrous cap that cannot limit the prothrombotic lipid core, and potentially (iii) an imbalance between inflammatory and immunoregulatory macrophages. These opposite macrophage functions rely on the use of different energy pathways (glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively) that may lead to different levels of the auto-fluorescent cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We hypothesized that high-resolution two-photon excited autofluorescence (TPEF) imaging of these cofactors may be used to monitor the metabolic activity and cellular responses of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS Different models of human FMs were generated by exposure to acetylated or oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL), with/without human carotid extract (CE). Their phenotype and optical properties were compared with those of extremely polarized macrophages, inflammatory M1 (MLPS+IFNγ) and immunoregulatory M2 (MIL4+IL13). RESULTS These FM models displayed an intermediate phenotype with low levels of M1 and M2 "specific" markers. Moreover, the NADH and FAD autofluorescence profiles of FMoxLDL ± CE cells were significantly distinct from those of M1 and M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS TPEF imaging may be useful to follow the metabolic activity and cellular responses of the different macrophage subtypes present in atherosclerotic plaques in order to detect vulnerable areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Edouard Gerbaud
- Centre de Recherche Cardio Thoracique, INSERM U 1045, Bordeaux, France
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231
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Nishikoba N, Kumagai K, Kanmura S, Nakamura Y, Ono M, Eguchi H, Kamibayashiyama T, Oda K, Mawatari S, Tanoue S, Hashimoto S, Tsubouchi H, Ido A. HGF-MET Signaling Shifts M1 Macrophages Toward an M2-Like Phenotype Through PI3K-Mediated Induction of Arginase-1 Expression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2135. [PMID: 32983173 PMCID: PMC7492554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Aims: Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)-MET signaling is known to promote biological functions such as cell survival, cell motility, and cell proliferation. However, it is unknown if HGF-MET alters the macrophage phenotype. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of HGF-MET signaling on the M1 macrophage phenotype. Methods and Materials: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from mice were either polarized to an M1 phenotype by IFN-γ and LPS treatment or to an M2 phenotype by IL-4 treatment. Changes in M1 or M2 markers induced by HGF-MET signaling were evaluated. Mechanisms responsible for alternations in the macrophage phenotype and intracellular metabolism were analyzed. Results: c-Met was expressed especially in M1 macrophages polarized by treatment with IFN-γ and LPS. In M1 macrophages, HGF-MET signaling induced the expression of Arg-1 mRNA and secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 and downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6. In addition, activation of the PI3K pathway and inactivation of NFκB were also observed in M1 macrophages treated with HGF. The increased Arg-1 expression and IL-10 secretion were abrogated by PI3K inhibition, whereas, no changes were observed in TNF-α and IL-6 expression. The inactivation of NFκB was found to be independent of the PI3K pathway. HGF-MET signaling shifted the M1 macrophages to an M2-like phenotype, mainly through PI3K-mediated induction of Arg-1 expression. Finally, HGF-MET signaling also shifted the M1 macrophage intracellular metabolism toward an M2 phenotype, especially with respect to fatty acid metabolism. Conclusion: Our results suggested that HGF treatment not only promotes regeneration in epithelial cells, but also leads to tissue repair by altering M1 macrophages to an M2-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nishikoba
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Eguchi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamibayashiyama
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Oda
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiroh Tanoue
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsubouchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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232
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CD163+ macrophages are associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype in human carotid plaques. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14362. [PMID: 32873809 PMCID: PMC7463157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous group of immune cells abundant in atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophages expressing CD163 are associated with intraplaque hemorrhage and have previously been considered atheroprotective. However, in a recent study CD163-deficient atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice exhibited smaller and less complex plaques, suggesting a proatherogenic role of CD163. Previous smaller studies on CD163+ macrophages and plaque stability in humans have yielded diverging results. Here we assessed the association of CD163+ cells to plaque vulnerability in a large cohort of human carotid plaques. CD163 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 200 human carotid plaques removed by endarterectomy from 103 patients with and 93 patients without cerebrovascular symptoms. Furthermore, CD163 mRNA expression was analyzed in 66 of the plaques. Both protein and mRNA expression of CD163 was higher in plaques from symptomatic patients and in plaques with high vulnerability index. CD163+ macrophages were primarily found in shoulder regions and in the center of the plaques. The present data show that CD163 is associated with increased plaque vulnerability in human carotid plaques, supporting the notion that CD163+ macrophages could contribute to clinical events.
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233
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Hao Y, Wang X, Zhang F, Wang M, Wang Y, Wang H, Du Y, Wang T, Fu F, Gao Z, Zhang L. Inhibition of notch enhances the anti-atherosclerotic effects of LXR agonists while reducing fatty liver development in ApoE-deficient mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115211. [PMID: 32853627 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) activation can achieve satisfactory anti-atherosclerotic activity, but can also lead to the development of fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast, Notch inhibition can suppress both atherosclerosis and the hepatic accumulation of lipids. In the present study, we sought to assess whether combining LXR ligand agonists (T317) with Notch receptor inhibitors (DAPT) would lead to enhanced anti-atherosclerotic activity while overcoming the adverse events associated with LXR ligand agonist therapy. The impact of the combined T317 + DAPT therapeutic regimen on atherosclerosis, fatty liver development, and hypertriglyceridemia was assessed using ApoE deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. The results of this analysis suggested that DAPT was able to improve the anti-atherosclerotic activity of T317 without reducing the stability of lesion plaques while simultaneously reducing blood lipids in treated ApoE-/- mice. This combination T317 + DAPT treatment was also linked with a significant upregulation of ABCA1 and the stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), as well as with decreases in the levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and p-p65, and with altered M1/M2 macrophage proportions within atherosclerotic plaques. Importantly, DAPT was also able to reduce T317-mediated lipid accumulation within the liver owing to its ability to reduce SREBP-1 expression while simultaneously increasing that of Pi-AMPKα and PPARα. Together, our results suggest that administering Notch receptor inhibitors to ApoE-/- mice may be an effective means of enhancing the anti-atherosclerotic activity of LXR ligand agonists while simultaneously limiting associated fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia development in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xinlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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234
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Liu Z, Ma Y, Cui Q, Xu J, Tang Z, Wang Y, He C, Wang X. Toll-like receptor 4 plays a key role in advanced glycation end products-induced M1 macrophage polarization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:602-608. [PMID: 32814631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in advanced glycation end products (AGEs)- induced macrophage polarization toward M1. METHODS Isolated primary macrophages were exposed to prepared AGEs at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/L. Macrophages were also exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which provided exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) was over-expressed by a vector. Specific siRNA silencing TLR4 and inhibitor TAK-242 were used to pre-treat the macrophages. Intracellular ROS was determined by DCFH-DA. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which is the marker of M1 macrophage phenotype. Real-time PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression level of TLR4 and RAGE. Protein expression levels of cytoplasmic RAGE, TLR4, nuclear signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and phosphorylation levels of cytoplasmic STAT1 were evaluated by Western blotting. ELISA was used to measure concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL6), IL12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α in supernatant of cell culture medium of macrophages. RESULTS AGEs significantly elevated intracellular ROS generation, expression levels of iNOS, cytoplasmic RAGE, TLR4, nuclear STAT1, phosphorylation levels of cytoplasmic STAT1, as well as IL6, IL12 and TNFα contents in a concentration-dependent manner. TLR4 silencing and inhibitor pre-treatment reduced expression levels of cytoplasmic RAGE, TLR4, phosphorylation of STAT1 and nuclear STAT1 in AGEs-exposed macrophages without affecting RAGE expression and intracellular ROS production levels. RAGE over-expression elevated both ROS and TLR4 expression levels in macrophages. TLR4 expression elevation was also found in H2O2-treat macrophages. CONCLUSION AGEs induced macrophage polarization toward M1 via activating RAGE/ROS/TLR4/STAT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanpeng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianwei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Medical Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunhui He
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Li K, Chen G, Luo H, Li J, Liu A, Yang C, Wang J, Xu J, Gao S, Chen P, Jiang Y. MRP8/14 mediates macrophage efferocytosis through RAGE and Gas6/MFG-E8, and induces polarization via TLR4-dependent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1375-1390. [PMID: 33128793 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein 8/14 (MRP8/14) participates in various inflammatory responses, however, its effect on macrophage efferocytosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MRP8/14 significantly inhibits the efferocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which later proves to be associated with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) or for reducing the expression of growth arrest-specific protein 6 and milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8, independent of RAGE. Furthermore, MRP8/14 promotes polarization of BMDMs from the M2 - to M1 -like phenotype by upregulating expression of M1 -related surface receptor proteins and signature M1 -marker genes and by downregulating signature M2 -marker gene expression, which depends on Toll-like receptor 4 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor κB pathways. Thus, we report a significant inhibitory effect of MRP8/14 on macrophage efferocytosis and MRP8/14-mediated phenotypic polarization, which may be helpful in developing novel therapeutic strategies leading to inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihua Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury via p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. J Hypertens 2020; 37:2256-2268. [PMID: 31136458 PMCID: PMC6784764 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a crucial cause of vascular neointima hyperplasia and restenosis, thus limiting the long-term efficacy of percutaneous vascular intervention. We explored the role of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), a potent regulator of tumorigenesis and atherosclerosis, in VSMC proliferation and neointima hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Animal model of vascular restenosis was established in wild type C57BL/6J and VSMC-specific Tuberous Sclerosis 1 (TSC1)-knockdown mice by wire injury. We observed increased protein levels of Wip1, phospho (p)-S6 Ribosomal Protein (S6), p-4EBP1 but decreased p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α both in carotid artery at day 28 after injury and in VSMCs after 48 h of platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) treatment. By using hematoxylin-eosin staining, Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining, cell counting kit-8 assay and Ki-67 immunofluorescence staining, we found Wip1 antagonist GSK2830371 (GSK) or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor rapamycin both obviously reversed the neointima formation and VSMC proliferation induced by wire injury and PDGF-BB, respectively. GSK also reversed the increase in mRNA level of Collagen I after wire injury. However, GSK had no obvious effects on VSMC migration induced by PDGF-BB. Simultaneously, TSC1 knockdown as well as AMPK inhibition by Compound C abolished the vascular protective and anti-proliferative effects of Wip1 inhibition. Additionally, suppression of AMPK also reversed the declined mTORC1 activity by GSK. CONCLUSION Wip1 promotes VSMC proliferation and neointima hyperplasia after wire injury via affecting AMPK/mTORC1 pathway.
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Methods in isolation and characterization of bovine monocytes and macrophages. Methods 2020; 186:22-41. [PMID: 32622986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system and play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes. The cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage system are structurally and functionally heterogeneous. Several subsets of monocytes have been previously identified in mammalian blood, generating different subpopulations of macrophages in tissues. Although their distribution and phenotype are similar to their human counterpart, bovine monocytes and macrophages feature differences in both functions and purification procedures. The specific roles that monocytes and macrophages fulfil in several important diseases of bovine species, including among the others tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, brucellosis or the disease related to peripartum, remain still partially elusive. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of bovine monocytes and macrophages. We will describe methods for their purification and characterization of their major functions, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing, oxidative burst, apoptosis and necrosis. An overview of the flow cytometry and morphological procedures, including cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry, that are currently utilized to describe monocyte and macrophage main populations and functions is presented as well.
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Correlation between SHP-1 and carotid plaque vulnerability in humans. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107258. [PMID: 32674045 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced atherosclerotic plaques tend to indicate an increased risk of cerebral ischemic events. SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) is a class I classical nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase associated with plaque stability, as shown by analysis of a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset showing differences in mRNA levels. However, the correlation between SHP-1 and human carotid plaque stability at the protein level remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-nine carotid plaque tissue samples were acquired from 39 carotid artery stenosis patients after carotid endarterectomy. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and CD68 staining was performed for pathological characterization, and immunohistochemical staining for SHP-1 was carried out. Within stable and unstable plaques, SHP-1 mainly accumulated in the necrotic area, plaque shoulder, and fibrous cap, similar to the distribution of CD68. A quantitative analysis of SHP-1 was carried out. The relative SHP-1-positive cell area was higher in the vulnerable group than in the stable group (P < .001). The number of symptomatic patients in the vulnerable group was no greater than that in the stable group (P = .098). Moreover, the integrated optical density (IOD)/area of SHP-1 was significantly higher in the vulnerable group than in the stable group (P < .001). Besides, SHP-1 colocalized with CD68 and vascular cell adhesion protein 1(VCAM-1). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that SHP-1 expression increases during carotid atherosclerotic plaque progression. The protein expression of SHP-1 was related to an increase in plaque instability in not only symptomatic but also asymptomatic patients with carotid artery stenosis. SHP-1 may play a role in atherosclerosis progression by macrophage polarization-mediated efferocytosis. Furthermore, SHP-1 may become a promising biomarker for plaque vulnerability in the future.
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Lin Y, Zhu W, Chen X. The involving progress of MSCs based therapy in atherosclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:216. [PMID: 32503682 PMCID: PMC7275513 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive vascular inflammation characterized by lipid deposition and plaque formation, for which vascular cell dysfunction and impaired immune responses are involved. Up to now, lipid-lowering drugs remain the main therapy for treating atherosclerosis; however, the surgical or interventional therapy is often applied, and yet, morbidity and mortality of such cardiovascular disease remain high worldwide. Over the past decades, an anti-inflammatory approach has become an important therapeutic target for dealing with atherosclerosis, as altered immune responses have been regarded as an essential player in the pathological process of vascular abnormality induced by hyperlipidemia. Interestingly, mesenchymal stem cells, one type of stem cells with the capabilities of self-renewal and multi-potential, have demonstrated their unique immunomodulatory function in the various pathological process, especially in atherosclerosis. While some controversies remain regarding their therapeutic efficacy and working mechanisms, our present review aims to summarize the current research progress on stem cell-based therapy, focusing on its immunomodulatory effects on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and how endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and other immune cells are regulated by MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cardiology and Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology and Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Zou J, Wang G, Li H, Yu X, Tang C. IgM natural antibody T15/E06 in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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241
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Su X, Tian J, Li B, Zhou L, Kang H, Pei Z, Zhang M, Li C, Wu M, Wang Q, Han B, Chu C, Pang Y, Ning J, Zhang B, Niu Y, Zhang R. Ambient PM2.5 caused cardiac dysfunction through FoxO1-targeted cardiac hypertrophy and macrophage-activated fibrosis in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125881. [PMID: 31978653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of epidemiological evidences have shown that ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure increased the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, but the potential mechanism has not been known clearly. We established mice models by ambient PM2.5 exposure system to explore the adverse effects of PM2.5 on cardiac function in mice. Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and exposed to filtered air (FA), unfiltered air (UA) and concentrated PM2.5 air (CA) for 8 or 16 weeks, 6 hours per day, 7 days per week, respectively. The changes of cardiac structure and function, histological analysis and related mechanism were investigated. The main manifestations of cardiac structure were cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner after PM2.5 exposure, which led to the decrease of cardiac systolic function. Cardiac hypertrophy in mice might be regulated by PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signal. Cardiac fibrosis might be attributed to inflammatory infiltration caused by macrophage activation. Consequently, our data indicated that cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis might be important factors of PM2.5-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Junzhi Tian
- Department of Physical Examination, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Binghua Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Zijie Pei
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, China Three Gorge University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Experimental Center, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Rewiring of glucose metabolism defines trained immunity induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:819-831. [PMID: 32350546 PMCID: PMC7297856 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Stimulation of monocytes with microbial and non-microbial products, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), induces a protracted pro-inflammatory, atherogenic phenotype sustained by metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming via a process called trained immunity. We investigated the intracellular metabolic mechanisms driving oxLDL-induced trained immunity in human primary monocytes and observed concomitant upregulation of glycolytic activity and oxygen consumption. In two separate cohorts of healthy volunteers, we assessed the impact of genetic variation in glycolytic genes on the training capacity of monocytes and found that variants mapped to glycolytic enzymes PFKFB3 and PFKP influenced trained immunity by oxLDL. Subsequent functional validation with inhibitors of glycolytic metabolism revealed dose-dependent inhibition of trained immunity in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo administration of the glucose metabolism modulator metformin abrogated the ability for human monocytes to mount a trained response to oxLDL. These findings underscore the importance of cellular metabolism for oxLDL-induced trained immunity and highlight potential immunomodulatory strategies for clinical management of atherosclerosis. Key messages Brief stimulation of monocytes to oxLDL induces a prolonged inflammatory phenotype. This is due to upregulation of glycolytic metabolism. Genetic variation in glycolytic genes modulates oxLDL-induced trained immunity. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis prevents trained immunity.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-020-01915-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Filipek A, Mikołajczyk TP, Guzik TJ, Naruszewicz M. Oleacein and Foam Cell Formation in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages: A Potential Strategy Against Early and Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13040064. [PMID: 32283795 PMCID: PMC7243116 DOI: 10.3390/ph13040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oleacein is a secoiridoid group polyphenol found mostly in Olea europea L. and Ligustrum vulgare L. (Oleaceae). The aim of the present study was to investigate a potential role of oleacein in prevention of the foam cell formation. Materials and Methods: Oleacein was isolated from Ligustrum vulgare leaves. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were obtained from monocytes cultured with Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Then, cells were incubated with 20 μM or 50 μM of oleacein and with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) (50 μg/mL). Visualization of lipid deposition within macrophages was carried out using Oil-Red-O. Expression of CD36, Scavenger receptor A1 (SRA1) and Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) was determined by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V assay. STAT3 and Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase type 1 (ACAT1) levels were determined by ELISA. P-STAT3, P-JAK1, P-JAK2 expressions were determined by Western blot (WB). Results: Oleacein in dose-dependent manner significantly reduced lipid deposits in macrophages as well as their expression of selected scavenger receptors. The highest decrease of expression was found for CD36 and SRA1 receptors, from above 20% to more than 75% compared to oxLDL and the lowest for LOX-1 receptor, from approx. 8% to approx. 25% compared to oxLDL-stimulated macrophages. Oleacein significantly reduced (2.5-fold) early apoptosis of oxLDL-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, oleacein significantly increased the protein expression of JAK/STAT3 pathway and had no effect on ACAT1 level. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that oleacein inhibits foam cell formation in human monocyte-derived macrophages and thus can be a valuable tool in the prevention of early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Filipek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-22-572-09-85
| | - Tomasz P. Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz J. Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF Centre for Excellence, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Marek Naruszewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Nakawaki M, Uchida K, Miyagi M, Inoue G, Kawakubo A, Kuroda A, Satoh M, Takaso M. Sequential CCL2 Expression Profile After Disc Injury in Mice. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:895-901. [PMID: 31721276 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages produce proinflammatory cytokines in injured intervertebral discs (IVDs). We recently showed that macrophage-derived inflammatory cytokines contribute to the production of pain-related factors. However, the mechanism by which macrophages are recruited to injured IVDs has not been fully clarified. Here, we examined the expression dynamics of the chemokine CCL2 in a mouse IVD injury model and the mechanisms of its regulation. The percentage of macrophages increased from day 1 after injury and persisted up until day 28. At 1 and 3 days after injury, the expression of both Ccl2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and CCL2 protein was elevated in the IVD injury group, after which expression decreased to basal levels. Consistent with the increase in CCL2 expression, Ccr2 and Tnfa expression and various types of macrophages were also immediately elevated following disc injury. Further, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated Ccl2 mRNA and CCL2 protein expression in IVD cells in vitro. The expressions of M1 (Cd86 and Nos2) and M2a (Ym1) macrophage markers were all significantly elevated from day 1 following injury in injured compared with control mice. Meanwhile, the expression of Cd206 (M2a and M2c marker) was significantly elevated on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 following injury. These results suggest that in IVD injury, TNF-α stimulates CCL2, which, in turn, mediates the recruitment of macrophages with the recruited macrophages subsequently differentiating into M1 and M2 subtypes. CCL2 signaling may, therefore, play an important role in IVD pathology via macrophage recruitment. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:895-901, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsufumi Nakawaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kawakubo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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Kuznetsova T, Prange KHM, Glass CK, de Winther MPJ. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of macrophages in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:216-228. [PMID: 31578516 PMCID: PMC7770754 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages provide defence against pathogens and danger signals. These cells respond to stimulation in a fast and stimulus-specific manner by utilizing complex cascaded activation by lineage-determining and signal-dependent transcription factors. The complexity of the functional response is determined by interactions between triggered transcription factors and depends on the microenvironment and interdependent signalling cascades. Dysregulation of macrophage phenotypes is a major driver of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, exposure of monocytes, which are macrophage precursor cells, to certain stimuli can lead to a hypo-inflammatory tolerized phenotype or a hyper-inflammatory trained phenotype in a macrophage. In atherosclerosis, macrophages and monocytes are exposed to inflammatory cytokines, oxidized lipids, cholesterol crystals and other factors. All these stimuli induce not only a specific transcriptional response but also interact extensively, leading to transcriptional and epigenetic heterogeneity of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Targeting the epigenetic landscape of plaque macrophages can be a powerful therapeutic tool to modulate pro-atherogenic phenotypes and reduce the rate of plaque formation. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of transcription factors and epigenetic remodelling in macrophages in the context of atherosclerosis and inflammation, and provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic enzymes and transcription factors that are involved in macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kuznetsova
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen H M Prange
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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246
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Willemsen L, de Winther MPJ. Macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis as defined by single-cell technologies. J Pathol 2020; 250:705-714. [PMID: 32003464 PMCID: PMC7217201 DOI: 10.1002/path.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Many studies have shone light on the different phenotypes and functions that macrophages can acquire upon exposure to local cues. The microenvironment of the atherosclerotic plaque contains a plethora of macrophage-controlling factors, such as cytokines, oxidised low-density lipoproteins and cell debris. Previous research has determined macrophage function within the plaque mainly by using immunohistochemistry and bulk analysis. The recent development and rapid progress of single-cell technologies, such as cytometry by time of flight and single-cell RNA sequencing, now enable comprehensive mapping of the wide range of cell types and their phenotypes present in atherosclerotic plaques. In this review we discuss recent advances applying these technologies in defining macrophage subsets residing in the atherosclerotic arterial wall of mice and men. Resulting from these studies, we describe three main macrophage subsets: resident-like, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory foamy TREM2hi macrophages, which are found in both mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we discuss macrophage subset-specific markers and functions. More insights into the characteristics and phenotype of immune cells within the atherosclerotic plaque may guide future clinical approaches to treat disease. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Willemsen
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Menno PJ de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK)Ludwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
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247
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Yue Y, Huang S, Wang L, Wu Z, Liang M, Li H, Lv L, Li W, Wu Z. M2b Macrophages Regulate Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Alleviate Cardiac Fibrosis After Reperfusion Injury. Circ J 2020; 84:626-635. [PMID: 32161201 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play an important role in the development of cardiac fibrosis. However, the roles of different macrophage subtypes in cardiac fibroblast (CF) activation and cardiac fibrosis are unknown.Methods and Results:Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with different stimuli to induce differentiation into M1, M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophage subtypes. CFs were co-cultured with different subtypes of macrophages or cultured with macrophage supernatants. Results revealed that M2b macrophages significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of CFs, the expression of fibrosis-related proteins (collagen I [COL-1] and α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), and differentiation into cardiac myofibroblasts (MFs). The opposite effects were observed with M2a macrophages. A rat model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was used to determine the effect of M2b macrophages transplantation. After cardiac I/R injury, transplantation of M2b macrophages improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis. The effect of macrophage subtypes on p-ERK, ERK, p-p38, and p38 phosphorylation was examined by Western blotting. The results showed that M2b macrophages significantly inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These study results demonstrate for the first time that different subtypes of macrophages have different roles in regulating CF activation. M2b macrophages inhibit CF activation, and thus can be considered anti-fibrotic macrophages. M2a macrophages promote CF activation, and thus are pro-fibrotic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Suiqing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Division of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Mengya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Huayang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Linhua Lv
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University
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248
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Jeffrey MP, Jones Taggart H, Strap JL, Edun G, Green-Johnson JM. Milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 induces a regulatory cytokine profile in LPS-challenged U937 and THP-1 macrophages. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 3:51-58. [PMID: 32914120 PMCID: PMC7473351 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy products have become attractive functional foods for the delivery of probiotics and their biologically active metabolites. The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory activity of milk fermented with the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (LrF) on macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent pro-inflammatory stimulus. To this end, human THP-1 or U937 monocytes were differentiated into resting macrophages then stimulated with LPS and co-incubated with the LrF or with milk controls. Levels of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Culturing of LPS-stimulated U937 macrophages with either the whole or filtered LrF resulted in an increase in Interleukin (IL)-1Ra production relative to the negative control. THP-1 macrophages cultured with the LrF demonstrated an increase in LPS-induced IL-10 and IL-1β production, while production of LPS-induced IL-6, sCD54, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) was unaffected. Further, the LrF induced the expression of DC-SIGN and CD206, markers of immunoregulatory M2 macrophage polarization, in LPS-challenged THP-1 macrophages. Taken together, milk fermented with L. rhamnosus R0011 increased regulatory cytokine production from LPS-challenged U937 and THP-1 macrophages, while simultaneously up-regulating the production of IL-1β and expression of DC-SIGN and CD206, a profile characteristic of polarization into the immunoregulatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (Lrf) induces a regulatory macrophage phenotype. Modulation of cytokine profiles induced by lipopolysaccharide challenge consistent with an alternatively activated (M2) macrophage phenotype. Fermented milk conditioning induced macrophage expression of genes characteristic of M2 macrophage polarization (DC-SIGN and CD206).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Jeffrey
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Jones Taggart
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Janice L. Strap
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Gibran Edun
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Julia M. Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
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Correlation of plasma soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 level with the severity and stability of coronary atherosclerosis. Coron Artery Dis 2020; 31:628-635. [PMID: 32040025 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2) is the receptor of interleukin (IL)-33. We hypothesized the IL-33/ST2 pathway may be closely related to the progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS We analyzed 262 patients, including 63 with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 97 with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 102 control subjects. Plasma sST2 levels were determined using ELISA. Gensini scores were calculated. Patients with ACS and SAP were further divided according to the complexity of atherosclerotic lesions (simple/complex). Statistical analysis was performed on all data. RESULTS The plasma sST2 levels were significantly higher in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) than in the control group, and were significantly higher in ACS patients with complex lesions than in those with simple lesions. There were no correlations between plasma sST2 level and both the number of culprit vessels and Gensini score. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis revealed that angiographically detected complex lesions were independently correlated with plasma sST2 level. Logistic regression analyses showed that sST2 was an independent factor of both CAD and the lesion type (simple/complex) of ACS. For the diagnosis of ACS and complex lesions, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of sST2 was 0.651. CONCLUSIONS The plasma sST2 level was not correlated with the stenosis severity of coronary atherosclerosis. A relationship between the plasma sST2 level and the morphology of complex lesions was found for the first time, especially in ACS patients. It may be a new marker for assessing the stability and complexity of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Abdelaziz MH, Abdelwahab SF, Wan J, Cai W, Huixuan W, Jianjun C, Kumar KD, Vasudevan A, Sadek A, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. Alternatively activated macrophages; a double-edged sword in allergic asthma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:58. [PMID: 32024540 PMCID: PMC7003359 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are heterogenous phagocytic cells with an important role in the innate immunity. They are, also, significant contributors in the adaptive immune system. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung during allergic asthma, which is the most common chronic respiratory disease of both adults and children. Macrophages activated by Th1 cells are known as M1 macrophages while those activated by IL-4 and IL-13 are called alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) or M2 cells. AAM are subdivided into four distinct subtypes (M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d), depending on the nature of inducing agent and the expressed markers. BODY: IL-4 is the major effector cytokine in both alternative activation of macrophages and pathogenesis of asthma. Thus, the role of M2a macrophages in asthma is a major concern. However, this is controversial. Therefore, further studies are required to improve our knowledge about the role of IL-4-induced macrophages in allergic asthma, through precisive elucidation of the roles of specific M2a proteins in the pathogenesis of asthma. In the current review, we try to illustrate the different functions of M2a macrophages (protective and pathogenic roles) in the pathogenesis of asthma, including explanation of how different M2a proteins and markers act during the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. These include surface markers, enzymes, secreted proteins, chemokines, cytokines, signal transduction proteins and transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS AAM is considered a double-edged sword in allergic asthma. Finally, we recommend further studies that focus on increased selective expression or suppression of protective and pathogenic M2a markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed Abdelaziz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Taif, 21974, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Huixuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Jianjun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kesavan Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aparna Vasudevan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ahmed Sadek
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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