201
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Diehl R, Ferrara F, Müller C, Dreyer AY, McLeod DD, Fricke S, Boltze J. Immunosuppression for in vivo research: state-of-the-art protocols and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:146-179. [PMID: 27721455 PMCID: PMC5301156 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost every experimental treatment strategy using non-autologous cell, tissue or organ transplantation is tested in small and large animal models before clinical translation. Because these strategies require immunosuppression in most cases, immunosuppressive protocols are a key element in transplantation experiments. However, standard immunosuppressive protocols are often applied without detailed knowledge regarding their efficacy within the particular experimental setting and in the chosen model species. Optimization of such protocols is pertinent to the translation of experimental results to human patients and thus warrants further investigation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding immunosuppressive drug classes as well as their dosages and application regimens with consideration of species-specific drug metabolization and side effects. It also summarizes contemporary knowledge of novel immunomodulatory strategies, such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells or antibodies. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a state-of-the-art compendium for researchers to refine applied experimental immunosuppression and immunomodulation strategies to enhance the predictive value of preclinical transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Diehl
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Fabienne Ferrara
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charite University Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Claudia Müller
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Antje Y Dreyer
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
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202
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Valizadeh A, Ahmadzadeh A, Saki G, Khodadadi A, Teimoori A. Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Producing Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Apoptosis of Chronic B-lymphocytic Tumor Cells Resistant to Fludarabine-based Chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8533-9. [PMID: 26745113 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia B (B-CLL), the most common type of leukemia, may be caused by apoptosis deficiency in the body. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) as providers of pro-apoptotic molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), can be considered as an effective anti-cancer therapy candidate. Therefore, in this study we assessed the role of tumor necrosis factor-producing mesenchymal stem cells oin apoptosis of B-CLL cells resistant to fludarabine- based chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, after isolation and culture of AD-MSCs, a lentiviral LeGO-iG2-TRAIL-GFP vector containing a gene producing the ligand pro-apoptotic with plasmid PsPAX2 and PMDG2 virus were transfected into cell-lines to generate T293HEK. Then, T293HEK cell supernatant containing the virus produced after 48 and 72 hours was collected, and these viruses were transduced to reprogram AD-MSCs. Apoptosis rates were separately studied in four groups: group 1, AD-MSCs-TRAIL; group 2, AD-MSCs-GFP; group 3, AD-MSCs; and group 4, CLL. RESULTS Observed apoptosis rates were: group 1, 42 ± 1.04%; group 2, 21 ± 0.57%; group 3, 19± 2.6%; and group 4, % 0.01 ± 0.01. The highest rate of apoptosis thus occurred ingroup 1 (transduced TRAIL encoding vector). In this group, the average medium-soluble TRAIL was 72.7pg/m and flow cytometry analysis showed a pro-apoptosis rate of 63 ± 1.6%, which was again higher than in other groups. CONCLUSIONS In this study we have shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by AD-MSCs may play an effective role in inducing B-CLL cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Valizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran E-mail :
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203
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Abstract
The ultimate treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is orthotopic transplantation. However, the demand for kidney transplantation far exceeds the number of available donor organs. While more than 100,000 Americans need a kidney, only 17,000 people receive a kidney transplant each year (National Kidney Foundation's estimations). In recent years, several regenerative medicine/tissue engineering approaches have been exploited to alleviate the kidney shortage crisis. Although these approaches have yielded promising results in experimental animal models, the kidney is a complex organ and translation into the clinical realm has been challenging to date. In this review, we will discuss cell therapy-based approaches for kidney regeneration and whole-kidney tissue engineering strategies, including our innovative approach to regenerate a functional kidney using the lymph node as an in vivo bioreactor.
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204
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4798639. [PMID: 27721835 PMCID: PMC5046016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4798639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells form a population of self-renewing, multipotent cells that can be isolated from several tissues. Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of exogenous MSC could prevent renal injury and could promote renal recovery through a series of complex mechanisms, in particular via immunomodulation of the immune system and release of paracrine factors and microvesicles. Due to their therapeutic potentials, MSC are being evaluated as a possible player in treatment of human kidney disease, and an increasing number of clinical trials to assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSC-based therapy in various kidney diseases have been proposed. In the present review, we will summarize the current knowledge on MSC infusion to treat acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and kidney transplantation. The data obtained from these clinical trials will provide further insight into safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSC-based therapy in renal pathologies and allow the design of consensus protocol for clinical purpose.
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205
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Zhang J, Shao Y, He D, Zhang L, Xu G, Shen J. Evidence that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce epithelial permeability following phosgene-induced acute lung injury via activation of wnt3a protein-induced canonical wnt/β-catenin signaling. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:572-579. [PMID: 27644345 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1228720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
| | - Yiru Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
| | - Daikun He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Department of Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
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206
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Bobis-Wozowicz S, Kmiotek K, Kania K, Karnas E, Labedz-Maslowska A, Sekula M, Kedracka-Krok S, Kolcz J, Boruczkowski D, Madeja Z, Zuba-Surma EK. Diverse impact of xeno-free conditions on biological and regenerative properties of hUC-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:205-220. [PMID: 27638341 PMCID: PMC5239805 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that intracellular signaling mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by stem cells plays a considerable role in triggering the regenerative program upon transplantation. EVs from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC-EVs) have been shown to enhance tissue repair in animal models. However, translating such results into clinical practice requires optimized EV collection procedures devoid of animal-originating agents. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the influence of xeno-free expansion media on biological properties of UC-MSCs and UC-MSC-EVs for future applications in cardiac repair in humans. Our results show that proliferation, differentiation, phenotype stability, and cytokine secretion by UC-MSCs vary depending on the type of xeno-free media. Importantly, we found distinct molecular and functional properties of xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs including enhanced cardiomyogenic and angiogenic potential impacting on target cells, which may be explained by elevated concentration of several pro-cardiogenic and pro-angiogenic microRNA (miRNAs) present in the EVs. Our data also suggest predominantly low immunogenic capacity of certain xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs reflected by their inhibitory effect on proliferation of immune cells in vitro. Summarizing, conscious selection of cell culture conditions is required to harvest UC-MSC-EVs with the optimal desired properties including enhanced cardiac and angiogenic capacity, suitable for tissue regeneration. KEY MESSAGE Type of xeno-free media influences biological properties of UC-MSCs in vitro. Certain xeno-free media promote proliferation and differentiation ability of UC-MSCs. EVs collected from xeno-free cultures of UC-MSCs are biologically active. Xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs enhance cardiac and angiogenic potential of target cells. Type of xeno-free media determines immunomodulatory effects mediated by UC-MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Kania
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Labedz-Maslowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Kolcz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Polish-American Children's Hospital, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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207
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Hofer HR, Tuan RS. Secreted trophic factors of mesenchymal stem cells support neurovascular and musculoskeletal therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:131. [PMID: 27612948 PMCID: PMC5016979 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a subject of intense experimental and biomedical interest. Recently, trophic activities of MSCs have become the topic of a number of revealing studies that span both basic and clinical fields. In this review, we focus on recent investigations that have elucidated trophic mechanisms and shed light on MSC clinical efficacy relevant to musculoskeletal applications. Innate differences due to MSC sourcing may play a role in the clinical utility of isolated MSCs. Pain management, osteochondral, nerve, or blood vessel support by MSCs derived from both autologous and allogeneic sources have been examined. Recent mechanistic insights into the trophic activities of these cells point to ultimate regulation by nitric oxide, nuclear factor-kB, and indoleamine, among other signaling pathways. Classic growth factors and cytokines-such as VEGF, CNTF, GDNF, TGF-β, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), and C-C ligands (CCL-2, CCL-5, and CCL-23)-serve as paracrine control molecules secreted or packaged into extracellular vesicles, or exosomes, by MSCs. Recent studies have also implicated signaling by microRNAs contained in MSC-derived exosomes. The response of target cells is further regulated by their microenvironment, involving the extracellular matrix, which may be modified by MSC-produced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs. Trophic activities of MSCs, either resident or introduced exogenously, are thus intricately controlled, and may be further fine-tuned via implant material modifications. MSCs are actively being investigated for the repair and regeneration of both osteochondral and other musculoskeletal tissues, such as tendon/ligament and meniscus. Future rational and effective MSC-based musculoskeletal therapies will benefit from better mechanistic understanding of MSC trophic activities, for example using analytical "-omics" profiling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Hofer
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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208
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Gray A, Schloss RS, Yarmush M. Donor variability among anti-inflammatory pre-activated mesenchymal stromal cells. TECHNOLOGY 2016; 4:201-215. [PMID: 29732384 PMCID: PMC5932627 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547816500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive in part due to their immunomodulatory properties, achieved by their paracrine secretion of factors including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Despite promising pre-clinical data, demonstrating clinical efficacy has proven difficult. The current studies were designed to develop approaches to pre-induce desired functions from naïve MSCs and examine MSC donor variability, two factors contributing to this disconnect. MSCs from six human donors were pre-activated with interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) at a concentration and duration identified as optimal or interferon gamma (IFN-γ) as a comparator. Their secretion of PGE2 after pre-activation and secondary exposure to pro-inflammatory molecules was measured. Modulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion from M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages by co-cultured pre-activated MSCs was also measured. Our results indicated that pre-activation of MSCs with IL-1β resulted in upregulated PGE2 secretion post exposure. Pre-activation with IL-1β or IFN-γ resulted in higher sensitivity to induction by secondary stimuli compared to no pre-activation. While IL-1β pre-activation led to enhanced MSC-mediated attenuation of macrophage TNF-α secretion, IFN-γ pre-activation resulted in enhanced TNF-α secretion. Donor variability was noted in PGE2 secretion and upregulation and the level of improved or impaired macrophage modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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209
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Shukla A, Slater JH, Culver JC, Dickinson ME, West JL. Biomimetic Surface Patterning Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21883-92. [PMID: 26674708 PMCID: PMC5641978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both chemical and mechanical stimuli can dramatically influence cell behavior. By optimizing the signals cells experience, it may be possible to control the behavior of therapeutic cell populations. In this work, biomimetic geometries of adhesive ligands, which recapitulate the morphology of mature cells, are used to direct human mesenchymal stem cell (HMSC) differentiation toward a desired lineage. Specifically, adipocytes cultured in 2D are imaged and used to develop biomimetic virtual masks used in laser scanning lithography to form patterned fibronectin surfaces. The impact of adipocyte-derived pattern geometry on HMSC differentiation is compared to the behavior of HMSCs cultured on square and circle geometries, as well as adipocyte-derived patterns modified to include high stress regions. HMSCs on adipocyte mimetic geometries demonstrate greater adipogenesis than HMSCs on the other patterns. Greater than 45% of all HMSCs cultured on adipocyte mimetic patterns underwent adipogenesis as compared to approximately 19% of cells on modified adipocyte patterns with higher stress regions. These results are attributed to variations in cytoskeletal tension experienced by cells on the different protein micropatterns. The effects of geometry on adipogenesis are mitigated by the incorporation of a cytoskeletal protein inhibitor; exposure to this inhibitor leads to increased adipogenesis on all patterns examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Shukla
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Corresponding Author
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - James C. Culver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jennifer L. West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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210
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de Windt TS, Vonk LA, Slaper-Cortenbach ICM, van den Broek MPH, Nizak R, van Rijen MHP, de Weger RA, Dhert WJA, Saris DBF. Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulate Cartilage Regeneration and Are Safe for Single-Stage Cartilage Repair in Humans upon Mixture with Recycled Autologous Chondrons. Stem Cells 2016; 35:256-264. [PMID: 27507787 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adult bone marrow were described as being capable of differentiating to various lineages including cartilage. Despite increasing interest in these MSCs, concerns regarding their safety, in vivo behavior and clinical effectiveness have restrained their clinical application. We hypothesized that MSCs have trophic effects that stimulate recycled chondrons (chondrocytes with their native pericellular matrix) to regenerate cartilage. Searching for a proof of principle, this phase I (first-in-man) clinical trial applied allogeneic MSCs mixed with either 10% or 20% recycled autologous cartilage-derived cells (chondrons) for treatment of cartilage defects in the knee in symptomatic cartilage defect patients. This unique first in man series demonstrated no treatment-related adverse events up to one year postoperatively. At 12 months, all patients showed statistically significant improvement in clinical outcome compared to baseline. Magnetic resonance imaging and second-look arthroscopies showed completely filled defects with regenerative cartilage tissue. Histological analysis on biopsies of the grafts indicated hyaline-like regeneration with a high concentration of proteoglycans and type II collagen. Short tandem repeat analysis showed the regenerative tissue only contained patient-own DNA. These findings support the novel insight that the use of allogeneic MSCs is safe and opens opportunities for other applications. Stem cell-induced paracrine mechanisms may play an important role in the chondrogenesis and successful tissue regeneration found. Stem Cells 2017;35:256-264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy S de Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke C M Slaper-Cortenbach
- Cell Therapy Facility, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P H van den Broek
- Cell Therapy Facility, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Razmara Nizak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mattie H P van Rijen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A de Weger
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J A Dhert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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211
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Chen S, Chen X, Wu X, Wei S, Han W, Lin J, Kang M, Chen L. Hepatocyte growth factor-modified mesenchymal stem cells improve ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury in rats. Gene Ther 2016; 24:3-11. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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212
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Low doses of X-rays induce prolonged and ATM-independent persistence of γH2AX foci in human gingival mesenchymal stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27275-87. [PMID: 26314960 PMCID: PMC4694989 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic imaging delivering low doses of radiation often accompany human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies. However, effects of low dose radiation on MSCs are poorly characterized. Here we examine patterns of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) and phospho-S1981 ATM (pATM) foci formation in human gingiva-derived MSCs exposed to X-rays in time-course and dose-response experiments. Both γH2AX and pATM foci accumulated linearly with dose early after irradiation (5–60 min), with a maximum induction observed at 30–60 min (37 ± 3 and 32 ± 3 foci/cell/Gy for γH2AX and pATM, respectively). The number of γH2AX foci produced by intermediate doses (160 and 250 mGy) significantly decreased (40–60%) between 60 and 240 min post-irradiation, indicating rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks. In contrast, γH2AX foci produced by low doses (20–80 mGy) did not change after 60 min. The number of pATM foci between 60 and 240 min decreased down to control values in a dose-independent manner. Similar kinetics was observed for pATM foci co-localized with γH2AX foci. Collectively, our results suggest differential DNA double-strand break signaling and processing in response to low vs. intermediate doses of X-rays in human MSCs. Furthermore, mechanisms governing the prolonged persistence of γH2AX foci in these cells appear to be ATM-independent.
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213
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Zimmermann JA, Hettiaratchi MH, McDevitt TC. Enhanced Immunosuppression of T Cells by Sustained Presentation of Bioactive Interferon-γ Within Three-Dimensional Mesenchymal Stem Cell Constructs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:223-237. [PMID: 28170190 PMCID: PMC5442746 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory activity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) to suppress innate and adaptive immune responses offers a potent cell therapy for modulating inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. However, the inflammatory cytokine milieu plays a critical role in stimulating MSC immunomodulatory activity. In particular, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐induced expression of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is primarily responsible for MSC suppression of T‐cell proliferation and activation. Although pretreatment with IFN‐γ is commonly used to prime MSCs for immunomodulatory activity prior to transplantation, the transient effects of pretreatment may limit the potential of MSCs to potently modulate immune responses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether microparticle‐mediated presentation of bioactive IFN‐γ within three‐dimensional spheroidal MSC aggregates could precisely regulate and induce sustained immunomodulatory activity. Delivery of IFN‐γ via heparin‐microparticles within MSC aggregates induced sustained IDO expression during 1 week of culture, whereas IDO expression by IFN‐γ‐pretreated MSC spheroids rapidly decreased during 2 days. Furthermore, sustained IDO expression induced by IFN‐γ‐loaded microparticles resulted in an increased and sustained suppression of T‐cell activation and proliferation in MSC cocultures with CD3/CD28‐activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The increased suppression of T cells by MSC spheroids containing IFN‐γ‐loaded microparticles was dependent on induction of IDO and supported by affecting monocyte secretion from pro‐ to anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, microparticle delivery of IFN‐γ within MSC spheroids provides a potent means of enhancing and sustaining immunomodulatory activity to control MSC immunomodulation after transplantation and thereby improve the efficacy of MSC‐based therapies aimed at treating inflammatory and immune diseases. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:223–237
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Zimmermann
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marian H. Hettiaratchi
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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214
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Qian X, Xu C, Fang S, Zhao P, Wang Y, Liu H, Yuan W, Qi Z. Exosomal MicroRNAs Derived From Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1190-203. [PMID: 27496568 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant global public health problem, causing more than 350,000 deaths every year. Although the development of direct-acting antivirals has improved the sustained virological response rate in HCV patients, novel anti-HCV agents with higher efficacy as well as better tolerance and cheaper production costs are still urgently needed. Cell-based therapy, especially its unique and strong paracrine ability to transfer information to other cells via extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, has become one of the most popular therapeutic methods in recent years. In our study, exosomes secreted from umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs), which are widely used in regenerative medicine, inhibited HCV infection in vitro, especially viral replication, with low cell toxicity. Our analysis revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) from uMSC-derived exosomes (uMSC-Exo) had their unique expression profiles, and these functional miRNAs, mainly represented by let-7f, miR-145, miR-199a, and miR-221 released from uMSC-Exo, largely contributed to the suppression of HCV RNA replication. These four miRNAs possessed binding sites in HCV RNA as demonstrated by the target prediction algorithm. In addition, uMSC-Exo therapy showed synergistic effect when combined with U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved interferon-α or telaprevir, enhancing their anti-HCV ability and thus improving the clinical significance of these regenerative substances for future application as optimal adjuvants of anti-HCV therapy. SIGNIFICANCE This work reported, for the first time, the identification of stem cell-derived exosomes of antiviral activity. Umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-secreted exosomes inhibited hepatitis C virus infection through transporting a mixture of microRNAs complementing the viral genomes to the host cells. This finding provides insights and prospects for physiologically secreted substances for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Houqi Liu
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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215
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Wu X, Kang H, Liu X, Gao J, Zhao K, Ma Z. Serum and xeno-free, chemically defined, no-plate-coating-based culture system for mesenchymal stromal cells from the umbilical cord. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:579-88. [PMID: 27492579 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs) can be considered to become a new gold standard for MSC-based therapies. A serum and xeno-free, chemically defined and no-plate-coating-based culture system will greatly facilitate development of robust, clinically acceptable bioprocesses for reproducibly generating quality-assured UCMSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we report for the first time, such a serum-free, xeno-free, completely chemically defined and no-plate-coating-based culture system for the isolation and expansion of UCMSCs, whose biological characteristics were evaluated and compared with serum-containing medium (SCM) methods. RESULTS This culture system not only supported UCMSC primary cultures but also allowed for their expansion at low seeding density. Compared to SCM, UCMSCs in SFM exhibited (i) higher proliferative and colony-forming capacities; (ii) distinctly different morphologies; (iii) similar phenotype; (iv) similar pluripotency-associated marker expression; (v) superior osteogenic, but reduced adipogenic differentiation capacitities. In addition, UCMSCs cultured in SFM retained similar immunomodulatory properties to those in SCM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of isolating and expanding UCMSCs in a completely serum-free, xeno-free, chemically defined and no-plate-coating-based culture system and represent an important step forward for development of robust, clinically acceptable bioprocesses for UCMSCs. Further, this provides a superior study platform for UCMSCs biology in a controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Technology, Beijing JingMeng Stem Cell Technology. Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Kang
- Department of Technology, Beijing JingMeng Stem Cell Technology. Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- Department of Technology, Beijing JingMeng Stem Cell Technology. Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Beijing Institute of Life Science Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing, China.,Center for Tissue Engineering and Technology of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kuijun Zhao
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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216
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Álvarez V, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Blázquez R, Tarazona R, Casado JG. Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells and leukocytes from Large White and Göttingen Minipigs: Clues for stem cell-based immunomodulatory therapies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 179:63-9. [PMID: 27590427 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising cell types for human and veterinary use and their therapeutic effect is associated with their immunomodulatory properties. Farm animal models, such as pigs, have become a valuable tool to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adoptively transferred MSCs in the setting of veterinary medicine. In order to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of stem cell-based therapies in porcine breeds, a deep analysis and comparison of MSCs and leukocyte subsets are absolutely necessary. Here we provide a detailed analysis of bone-marrow derived MSCs and leukocyte subsets from Large White pigs and Göttingen Minipigs. Significant differences were observed between the two pig breeds in terms of T cell subsets that need to be considered for immune monitoring of stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Álvarez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | | | - Rebeca Blázquez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Javier G Casado
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
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217
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Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate ischemia–reperfusion injury after prolonged cold ischemia in a mouse model of lung transplantation: a preliminary study. Surg Today 2016; 47:425-431. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-016-1391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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218
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Senescence in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functional Changes and Implications in Stem Cell-Based Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071164. [PMID: 27447618 PMCID: PMC4964536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is extensively interested in developing cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with applications to several aging-associated diseases. For successful therapies, a substantial number of cells are needed, requiring extensive ex vivo cell expansion. However, MSC proliferation is limited and it is quite likely that long-term culture evokes continuous changes in MSCs. Therefore, a substantial proportion of cells may undergo senescence. In the present review, we will first present the phenotypic characterization of senescent human MSCs (hMSCs) and their possible consequent functional alterations. The accumulation of oxidative stress and dysregulation of key differentiation regulatory factors determine decreased differentiation potential of senescent hMSCs. Senescent hMSCs also show a marked impairment in their migratory and homing ability. Finally, many factors present in the secretome of senescent hMSCs are able to exacerbate the inflammatory response at a systemic level, decreasing the immune modulation activity of hMSCs and promoting either proliferation or migration of cancer cells. Considering the deleterious effects that these changes could evoke, it would appear of primary importance to monitor the occurrence of senescent phenotype in clinically expanded hMSCs and to evaluate possible ways to prevent in vitro MSC senescence. An updated critical presentation of the possible strategies for in vitro senescence monitoring and prevention constitutes the second part of this review. Understanding the mechanisms that drive toward hMSC growth arrest and evaluating how to counteract these for preserving a functional stem cell pool is of fundamental importance for the development of efficient cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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219
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Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with CD105+CD34- Phenotype Enhance the Function of Post-Infarction Heart in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158745. [PMID: 27415778 PMCID: PMC4945149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of the present study was to isolate mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with CD105+CD34- phenotype from human hearts, and to investigate their therapeutic potential in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI). The study aimed also to investigate the feasibility of xenogeneic MSCs implantation. Methods and Results MSC isolated from human hearts were multipotent cells. Separation of MSC with CD105+CD34- phenotype limited the heterogeneity of the originally isolated cell population. MSC secreted a number of anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines (mainly IL-6, IL-8, and GRO). Human MSC were transplanted into C57Bl/6NCrl mice. Using the mouse model of hindlimb ischemia it was shown that human MSC treated mice demonstrated a higher capillary density 14 days after injury. It was also presented that MSC administrated into the ischemic muscle facilitated fast wound healing (functional recovery by ischemic limb). MSC transplanted into an infarcted myocardium reduced the post-infarction scar, fibrosis, and increased the number of blood vessels both in the border area, and within the post-infarction scar. The improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction was also observed. Conclusion In two murine models (hindlimb ischemia and MI) we did not observe the xenotransplant rejection. Indeed, we have shown that human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells with CD105+CD34- phenotype exhibit therapeutic potential. It seems that M2 macrophages are essential for healing and repair of the post-infarcted heart.
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220
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Systemic and Local Administration of Antimicrobial and Cell Therapies to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis-Induced Femoral Nonunions in a Rat Model. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9595706. [PMID: 27478310 PMCID: PMC4961811 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9595706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
S. epidermidis is responsible for biofilm-related nonunions. This study compares the response to S. epidermidis-infected fractures in rats systemically or locally injected with vancomycin or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in preventing the nonunion establishment. The 50% of rats receiving BMSCs intravenously (s-rBMSCs) died after treatment. A higher cytokine trend was measured in BMSCs locally injected rats (l-rBMSCs) at day 3 and in vancomycin systemically injected rats (l-VANC) at day 7 compared to the other groups. At day 14, the highest cytokine values were measured in l-VANC and in l-rBMSCs for IL-10. µCT showed a good bony bridging in s-VANC and excellent both in l-VANC and in l-rBMSCs. The bacterial growth was lower in s-VANC and l-VANC than in l-rBMSCs. Histology demonstrated the presence of new woven bone in s-VANC and a more mature bony bridging was found in l-VANC. The l-rBMSCs showed a poor bony bridging of fibrovascular tissue. Our results could suggest the synergic use of systemic and local injection of vancomycin as an effective treatment to prevent septic nonunions. This study cannot sustain the systemic injection of BMSCs due to high risks, while a deeper insight into local BMSCs immunomodulatory effects is mandatory before developing cell therapies in clinics.
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221
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Roura S, Pujal JM, Gálvez-Montón C, Bayes-Genis A. Quality and exploitation of umbilical cord blood for cell therapy: Are we beyond our capabilities? Dev Dyn 2016; 245:710-7. [PMID: 27043849 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in identifying novel stem cell sources for application in emerging cell therapies. In this context, umbilical cord blood (UCB) shows great promise in multiple clinical settings. The number of UCB banks has therefore increased worldwide, with the objective of preserving potentially life-saving cells that are usually discarded after birth. After a rather long and costly processing procedure, the resultant UCB-derived cell products are cryopreserved until transplantation to patients. However, in many cases, only a small proportion of administered cells engraft successfully. Thus, can we do any better regarding current UCB-based therapeutic approaches? Here we discuss concerns about the use of UCB that are not critically pondered by researchers, clinicians, and banking services, including wasting samples with small volumes and the need for more reliable quality and functional controls to ensure the biological activity of stem cells and subsequent engraftment and treatment efficacy. Finally, we appeal for collaborative agreements between research institutions and UCB banks in order to redirect currently discarded small-volume UCB units for basic and clinical research purposes. Developmental Dynamics 245:710-717, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Crta.Can Ruti-Camí Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, c/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Pujal
- Cell Processing Laboratory, Edifici Giroemprèn, Pic de Peguera 11, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Crta.Can Ruti-Camí Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Crta.Can Ruti-Camí Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Cardiology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Crta.Can Ruti-Camí Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Crta. Can Ruti-Camí Escoles s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
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222
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Intravenous infusion of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells in refractory or relapsed aplastic anemia. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1696-705. [PMID: 26589752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS For patients with aplastic anemia (AA) who are refractory to anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine, a second course of immunosuppression is successful in only one-fourth to one-third of cases. METHODS We conducted a phase 1/2 study to evaluate the addition of two to five weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic unrelated non-human leukocyte antigen-matched bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) (median, 2.7 × 10(6) cells/kg/infusion; range, 1.3-4.5) to standard rabbit ATG and cyclosporine in nine patients with refractory or relapsed AA. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 20 months, no infusion-related adverse event was observed, but four deaths occurred as the result of heart failure and bacterial or invasive fungal infections; only two patients achieved partial hematologic responses at 6 months. We failed to demonstrate by fluorescence in situ hybridization or variable number tandem repeat any MSC engraftment in patient marrow 30, 90 or 180 days after infusions. CONCLUSIONS Infusion of allogeneic MSCs in AA is safe but does not improve clinical hematologic response or engraft in recipient bone marrow. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT01297972.
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223
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Liu S, Zhou J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen J, Hu B, Song J, Zhang Y. Strategies to Optimize Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060982. [PMID: 27338364 PMCID: PMC4926512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy aims to replace damaged or aged cells with healthy functioning cells in congenital defects, tissue injuries, autoimmune disorders, and neurogenic degenerative diseases. Among various types of stem cells, adult stem cells (i.e., tissue-specific stem cells) commit to becoming the functional cells from their tissue of origin. These cells are the most commonly used in cell-based therapy since they do not confer risk of teratomas, do not require fetal stem cell maneuvers and thus are free of ethical concerns, and they confer low immunogenicity (even if allogenous). The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the art and advances in using stem cell therapy for tissue repair in solid organs. Here we address key factors in cell preparation, such as the source of adult stem cells, optimal cell types for implantation (universal mesenchymal stem cells vs. tissue-specific stem cells, or induced vs. non-induced stem cells), early or late passages of stem cells, stem cells with endogenous or exogenous growth factors, preconditioning of stem cells (hypoxia, growth factors, or conditioned medium), using various controlled release systems to deliver growth factors with hydrogels or microspheres to provide apposite interactions of stem cells and their niche. We also review several approaches of cell delivery that affect the outcomes of cell therapy, including the appropriate routes of cell administration (systemic, intravenous, or intraperitoneal vs. local administration), timing for cell therapy (immediate vs. a few days after injury), single injection of a large number of cells vs. multiple smaller injections, a single site for injection vs. multiple sites and use of rodents vs. larger animal models. Future directions of stem cell-based therapies are also discussed to guide potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jingli Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Cossu G, Previtali SC, Napolitano S, Cicalese MP, Tedesco FS, Nicastro F, Noviello M, Roostalu U, Natali Sora MG, Scarlato M, De Pellegrin M, Godi C, Giuliani S, Ciotti F, Tonlorenzi R, Lorenzetti I, Rivellini C, Benedetti S, Gatti R, Marktel S, Mazzi B, Tettamanti A, Ragazzi M, Imro MA, Marano G, Ambrosi A, Fiori R, Sormani MP, Bonini C, Venturini M, Politi LS, Torrente Y, Ciceri F. Intra-arterial transplantation of HLA-matched donor mesoangioblasts in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1513-28. [PMID: 26543057 PMCID: PMC4693504 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra‐arterial transplantation of mesoangioblasts proved safe and partially efficacious in preclinical models of muscular dystrophy. We now report the first‐in‐human, exploratory, non‐randomized open‐label phase I–IIa clinical trial of intra‐arterial HLA‐matched donor cell transplantation in 5 Duchenne patients. We administered escalating doses of donor‐derived mesoangioblasts in limb arteries under immunosuppressive therapy (tacrolimus). Four consecutive infusions were performed at 2‐month intervals, preceded and followed by clinical, laboratory, and muscular MRI analyses. Two months after the last infusion, a muscle biopsy was performed. Safety was the primary endpoint. The study was relatively safe: One patient developed a thalamic stroke with no clinical consequences and whose correlation with mesoangioblast infusion remained unclear. MRI documented the progression of the disease in 4/5 patients. Functional measures were transiently stabilized in 2/3 ambulant patients, but no functional improvements were observed. Low level of donor DNA was detected in muscle biopsies of 4/5 patients and donor‐derived dystrophin in 1. Intra‐arterial transplantation of donor mesoangioblasts in human proved to be feasible and relatively safe. Future implementation of the protocol, together with a younger age of patients, will be needed to approach efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cossu
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Napolitano
- HSR/TIGET Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- HSR/TIGET Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Nicastro
- Laboratory of Analysis and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Marina Scarlato
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Godi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Neuroradiology Department and Neuroradiology Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Giuliani
- Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciotti
- Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Tonlorenzi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Lorenzetti
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Rivellini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Benedetti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Laboratory of Analysis and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Marktel
- Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzi
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Analysis and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Ragazzi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Rossana Fiori
- Unit of Anesthesiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio S Politi
- Neuroradiology Department and Neuroradiology Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- HSR/TIGET Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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225
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Mousavinejad M, Andrews PW, Shoraki EK. Current Biosafety Considerations in Stem Cell Therapy. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:281-7. [PMID: 27540533 PMCID: PMC4988427 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can be valuable model systems for drug discovery and modelling human diseases as well as to investigate cellular interactions and molecular events in the early stages of development. Controlling the differentiation of stem cells into specific germ layers provides a potential source of highly specialized cells for therapeutic applications. In recent years, finding individual properties of stem cells such as their ultimate self-renewal capacity and the generation of particular cell lines by differentiation under specific culture conditions underpins the development of regenerative therapies. These futures make stem cells a leading candidate to treat a wide range of diseases. Nevertheless, as with all novel treatments, safety issues are one of the barriers that should be overcome to guarantee the quality of a patient's life after stem cell therapy. Many studies have pointed to a large gap in our knowledge about the therapeutic applications of these cells. This gap clearly shows the importance of biosafety concerns for the current status of cell-based therapies, even more than their therapeutic efficacy. Currently, scientists report that tumorigenicity and immunogenicity are the two most important associated cell-based therapy risks. In principle, intrinsic factors such as cell characteristics and extrinsic elements introduced by manufacturing of stem cells can result in tumor formation and immunological reactions after stem cell transplantation. Therapeutic research shows there are many biological questions regarding safety issues of stem cell clinical applications. Stem cell therapy is a rapidly advancing field that needs to focus more on finding a comprehensive technology for assessing risk. A variety of risk factors (from intrinsic to extrinsic) should be considered for safe clinical stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Mousavinejad
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology (CSCB), Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology (CSCB), Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Elham Kargar Shoraki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tehran Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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226
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Chen X, Kong X, Liu D, Gao P, Zhang Y, Li P, Liu M. In vitro differentiation of endometrial regenerative cells into smooth muscle cells: Α potential approach for the management of pelvic organ prolapse. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:95-104. [PMID: 27221348 PMCID: PMC4899030 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), is a common condition in parous women. Synthetic mesh was once considered to be the standard of care; however, the use of synthetic mesh is limited by severe complications, thus creating a need for novel approaches. The application of cell-based therapy with stem cells may be an ideal alternative, and specifically for vaginal prolapse. Abnormalities in vaginal smooth muscle (SM) play a role in the pathogenesis of POP, indicating that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may be a potential therapeutic target. Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) are an easily accessible, readily available source of adult stem cells. In the present study, ERCs were obtained from human menstrual blood, and phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry were performed to characterize the morphology and phenotype of the ERCs. SMC differentiation was induced by a transforming growth factor β1-based medium, and the induction conditions were optimized. We defined the SMC characteristics of the induced cells with regard to morphology and marker expression using transmission electron microscopy, western blot analysis, immunocytofluorescence and RT-PCR. Examining the expression of the components of the Smad pathway and phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 by western blot analysis, RT-PCR and quantitative PCR demonstrated that the 'TGFBR2/ALK5/Smad2 and Smad3' pathway is involved, and both Smad2 and Smad3 participated in SMC differentiation. Taken together, these findings indicate that ERCs may be a promising cell source for cellular therapy aimed at modulating SM function in the vagina wall and pelvic floor in order to treat POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xianchao Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dongzhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Meimei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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227
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Lee H, Han NR, Hwang JY, Yun JI, Kim C, Park KH, Lee ST. Gelatin Directly Enhances Neurogenic Differentiation Potential in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Without Stimulation of Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:530-6. [PMID: 27171118 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin has been reported to induce generation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with enhanced potential of differentiation into neuronal lineage cells. However, the presence of various cell types besides MSCs in bone marrow has raised doubts about the effects of gelatin. In the following report, we determined whether gelatin can directly enhance neurogenic differentiation potential in MSCs without proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). MSCs comprised a high proportion of bone marrow-derived primary cells (BMPCs) and gelatin induced significant increases in MSC proliferation during primary culture, and the proportion of MSCs was maintained at more than 99% throughout the subculture. However, NPCs comprised a low percentage of BMPCs and a decrease in proliferation was detected despite gelatin treatment during the primary culture, and the proportion of subcultured NPCs gradually decreased. In a similar manner, MSCs exposed to gelatin during primary culture showed more enhanced neurogenic differentiation ability than those not exposed to gelatin. Together, these results demonstrate that gelatin directly enhances neurogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived MSCs without stimulating NPC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- 1 Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Na Rae Han
- 1 Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- 2 Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Im Yun
- 3 Division of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Choonghyo Kim
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- 1 Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea.,3 Division of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- 1 Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea.,2 Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
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228
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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mediates inhibition of virus-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation by human mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:621-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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229
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Srivastava A, Mason C, Wagena E, Cuende N, Weiss DJ, Horwitz EM, Dominici M. Part 1: Defining unproven cellular therapies. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:117-9. [PMID: 26719202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Srivastava
- Center for Stem Cell Research (a unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Member at large of the ISCT Presidential Task Force on the Use of Unproven Cellular Therapies.
| | - Chris Mason
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Member at large of the ISCT Presidential Task Force on the Use of Unproven Cellular Therapies
| | - Edwin Wagena
- Voorburg, Netherlands. ISCT Europe, Regional Vice President 2014-2016
| | - Natividad Cuende
- Andalusian Initiative for Advanced Therapies, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain. Chair, ISCT EU LRA Committee, 2014-2016
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA. ISCT Chief Scientific Officer 2014-2016. Chair, ISCT Pulmonary Committee 2013-2015
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA. ISCT Past President 2010-2012
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. ISCT President 2014-2016. Chair, ISCT Presidential Task Force on the Use of Unproven Cellular Therapies
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230
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Abstract
Adult or somatic stem cells are tissue-resident cells with the ability to proliferate, exhibit self-maintenance as well as to generate new cells with the principal phenotypes of the tissue in response to injury or disease. Due to their easy accessibility and their potential use in regenerative medicine, adult stem cells raise the hope for future personalisable therapies. After infection or during injury, they are exposed to broad range of pathogen or damage-associated molecules leading to changes in their proliferation, migration and differentiation. The sensing of such damage and infection signals is mostly achieved by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) with Toll-like receptor 4 being responsible for recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge on the TLR4-mediated signalling in different adult stem cell populations. Specifically, we elaborate on the role of TLR4 and its ligands on proliferation, differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells as well as neural stem cells. Finally, we discuss conceptual and technical pitfalls in investigation of TLR4 signalling in stem cells.
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231
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Hematti P. Characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells: potency assay development. Transfusion 2016; 56:32S-5S. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center; Madison Wisconsin
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232
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Borghese C, Agostini F, Durante C, Colombatti A, Mazzucato M, Aldinucci D. Clinical-grade quality platelet-rich plasma releasate (PRP-R/SRGF) from CaCl2 -activated platelet concentrates promoted expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells. Vox Sang 2016; 111:197-205. [PMID: 27077937 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to test a platelet-rich plasma releasate (PRP-R/SRGF) from CaCl2 -activated platelets as a source of growth factors for the expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). PRP-R/SRGF, obtained with a low-cost procedure, is characterized by a reduced variability of growth factor release. MATERIALS AND METHODS PRP-R/SRGF is a clinical-grade quality solution obtained from CaCl2 -activated platelets. Its activity was evaluated by measuring the proliferation, the phenotype, the differentiation potential and the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT). RESULTS PRP-R/SRGF was more active than FBS to expand BM- and AT-derived MSCs. PRP-R/SRGF treatment did not affect the expression of typical MSCs surface markers, neither MSCs differentiation potential nor their capability to inhibit activated T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The clinical-grade PRP-R/SRGF may be used in the clinical setting for the expansion of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Borghese
- Experimental Oncology 2, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - F Agostini
- Unit of Stem Cells Collection and Processing Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - C Durante
- Unit of Stem Cells Collection and Processing Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - A Colombatti
- Experimental Oncology 2, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - M Mazzucato
- Unit of Stem Cells Collection and Processing Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - D Aldinucci
- Experimental Oncology 2, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
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233
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Monsarrat P, Vergnes JN, Planat-Bénard V, Ravaud P, Kémoun P, Sensebé L, Casteilla L. An Innovative, Comprehensive Mapping and Multiscale Analysis of Registered Trials for Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:826-35. [PMID: 27075765 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aim to provide an innovative, comprehensive way of mapping the profusion of stem cell-based clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov to explore the diversity of the fields of application and the temporal complexity of the domain. We used a chord diagram and phylogenetic-like tree visualizations to assist in data mining and knowledge discovery. The search strategy used the following terms: "stromal OR stem OR mesenchymal OR progenitor." The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus was used to more finely classify diseases treated by stem cells, from large fields of application to specific diseases. Of the 5,788 trials screened, 939 were included, 51.1% of which were related to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). No real specificity emerged as to the therapeutic uses of the different types of stem cells. More than half the MSC studies concerned allogeneic MSCs and received more support from industry than autologous MSC studies (p < .001). Over time, the uses of cultured cells have increased greatly, particularly since 2009. Cells derived from adipose tissue are also increasingly used in trials compared with bone marrow cells. The use of adipose-derived stromal cells was predominantly autologous (p < .001), restricted to European countries (p < .01), and supported by industry (p = .02) compared with other MSCs. Details about MeSH keywords are available at http://multireview.perso.sfr.fr/. In conclusion, mapping may reveal a lack of global strategy despite the regulations and the related costs associated with good manufacturing practices. A systematic approach to preclinical data, intended to objectively and robustly reveal the most appropriate fields with the most efficient cells, is needed. Repeated exchanges between the bench and the bedside are necessary. SIGNIFICANCE Except for a few trials concerning specific tissue stem cells used in their corresponding tissues, this global analysis revealed no real specificity of stem cell uses (including mesenchymal stromal cells). This raised the question of the physiopathological rationale for these uses and the lack of a global strategy despite the regulations and the related costs associated with good manufacturing practices. This original method, leading to the development of new concepts from already available data, would help policymakers to optimize resources and investments in terms of public health priorities. Such an approach should draw parallels between in vitro, in vivo, and human data. Exchanges in both directions between preclinical and clinical research could optimize the parameters of clinical trials step by step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Monsarrat
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Radiology, Dental Faculty, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Noel Vergnes
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Dental Faculty, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Planat-Bénard
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philippe Kémoun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental Faculty, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Sensebé
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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234
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Crabbé MAE, Gijbels K, Visser A, Craeye D, Walbers S, Pinxteren J, Deans RJ, Annaert W, Vaes BLT. Using miRNA-mRNA Interaction Analysis to Link Biologically Relevant miRNAs to Stem Cell Identity Testing for Next-Generation Culturing Development. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:709-22. [PMID: 27075768 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Therapeutic benefit of stem cells has been demonstrated in multiple disease models and clinical trials. Robust quality assurance is imperative to make advancements in culturing procedures to enable large-scale cell manufacturing without hampering therapeutic potency. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are shown to be master regulators of biological processes and are potentially ideal quality markers. We determined miRNA markers differentially expressed under nonclinical multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culturing conditions that regulate important stem cell features, such as proliferation and differentiation. These bone marrow-derived stem cell types were selected because they both exert therapeutic functions, but have different proliferative and regenerative capacities. To determine cell-specific marker miRNAs and assess their effects on stem cell qualities, a miRNA and mRNA profiling was performed on MAPCs and MSCs isolated from three shared donors. We applied an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis-based strategy that combined an integrated RNA profile analysis and a biological function analysis to determine the effects of miRNA-mRNA interactions on phenotype. This resulted in the identification of important miRNA markers linked to cell-cycle regulation and development, the most distinctive being MAPC marker miR-204-5p and MSC marker miR-335-5p, for which we provide in vitro validation of its function in differentiation and cell cycle regulation, respectively. Importantly, marker expression is maintained under xeno-free conditions and during bioreactor isolation and expansion of MAPC cultures. In conclusion, the identified biologically relevant miRNA markers can be used to monitor stem cell stability when implementing variations in culturing procedures. SIGNIFICANCE Human adult marrow stromal stem cells have shown great potential in addressing unmet health care needs. Quality assurance is imperative to make advancements in large-scale manufacturing procedures. MicroRNAs are master regulators of biological processes and potentially ideal quality markers. MicroRNA and mRNA profiling data of two human adult stem cell types were correlated to biological functions in silico. Doing this provided evidence that differentially expressed microRNAs are involved in regulating specific stem cell features. Furthermore, expression of a selected microRNA panel was maintained in next-generation culturing platforms, demonstrating the robustness of microRNA profiling in stem cell comparability testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A E Crabbé
- ReGenesys BVBA, Heverlee, Belgium Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J Deans
- Regenerative Medicine, Athersys Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA Rubius Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wim Annaert
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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235
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Pacini S, Barachini S, Montali M, Carnicelli V, Fazzi R, Parchi P, Petrini M. Mesangiogenic Progenitor Cells Derived from One Novel CD64(bright)CD31(bright)CD14(neg) Population in Human Adult Bone Marrow. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:661-73. [PMID: 26975798 PMCID: PMC4854213 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been the object of extensive research for decades, due to their intrinsic clinical value. Nonetheless, the unambiguous identification of a unique in vivo MSC progenitor is still lacking, and the hypothesis that these multipotent cells could possibly arise from different in vivo precursors has been gaining consensus in the last years. We identified a novel multipotent cell population in human adult bone marrow that we first named Mesodermal Progenitor Cells (MPCs) for the ability to differentiate toward the mesenchymal lineage, while still retaining angiogenic potential. Despite extensive characterization, MPCs positioning within the differentiation pathway and whether they can be ascribed as possible distinctive progenitor of the MSC lineage is still unclear. In this study, we describe the ex vivo isolation of one novel bone marrow subpopulation (Pop#8) with the ability to generate MPCs. Multicolor flow cytometry in combination with either fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting were applied to characterize Pop#8 as CD64(bright)CD31(bright)CD14(neg). We defined Pop#8 properties in culture, including the potential of Pop#8-derived MPCs to differentiate into MSCs. Gene expression data were suggestive of Pop#8 in vivo involvement in hematopoietic stem cell niche constitution/maintenance. Pop#8 resulted over three logs more frequent than other putative MSC progenitors, corroborating the idea that most of the controversies regarding culture-expanded MSCs could be the consequence of different culture conditions that select or promote particular subpopulations of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pacini
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Barachini
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- 2 Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita Fazzi
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Parchi
- 3 First Orthopedic Division, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- 1 Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
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236
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Shaharuddin B, Osei-Bempong C, Ahmad S, Rooney P, Ali S, Oldershaw R, Meeson A. Human limbal mesenchymal stem cells express ABCB5 and can grow on amniotic membrane. Regen Med 2016; 11:273-86. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To isolate and characterize limbal mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) from human corneoscleral rings. Materials & methods: Cells were isolated from corneoscleral rings and cultured in a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-selective media and examined for differentiation, phenotyping and characterization. Results: LMSCs were capable of trilineage differentiation, adhered to tissue culture plastic, expressed HLA class I and cell surface antigens associated with human MSC while having no/low expression of HLA class II and negative hematopoietic lineage markers. They were capable for CXCL12-mediated cellular migration. LMSCs adhered, proliferated on amniotic membrane and expressed the common putative limbal stem cell markers. Conclusion: Limbal-derived MSC exhibited plasticity, could maintain limbal markers expression and demonstrated viable growth on amniotic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakiah Shaharuddin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Charles Osei-Bempong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
- Department of Eye & Vision Sciences, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Paul Rooney
- Tissue Development Laboratory, NHS Blood & Transplant, Estuary Banks, Liverpool, L24 8RB, UK
| | - Simi Ali
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rachel Oldershaw
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Group I, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Annette Meeson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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237
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Selich A, Daudert J, Hass R, Philipp F, von Kaisenberg C, Paul G, Cornils K, Fehse B, Rittinghausen S, Schambach A, Rothe M. Massive Clonal Selection and Transiently Contributing Clones During Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultures Revealed by Lentiviral RGB-Barcode Technology. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:591-601. [PMID: 27034413 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mesenchymal stem (or stromal) cells (MSCs) have been used in more than 400 clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases. The clinical benefit and reproducibility of results, however, remain extremely variable. During the in vitro expansion phase, which is necessary to achieve clinically relevant cell numbers, MSCs show signs of aging accompanied by different contributions of single clones to the mass culture. Here we used multicolor lentiviral barcode labeling to follow the clonal dynamics during in vitro MSC expansion from whole umbilical cord pieces (UCPs). The clonal composition was analyzed by a combination of flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and deep sequencing. Starting with highly complex cell populations, we observed a massive reduction in diversity, transiently dominating populations, and a selection of single clones over time. Importantly, the first wave of clonal constriction already occurred in the early passages during MSC expansion. Consecutive MSC cultures from the same UCP implied the existence of more primitive, MSC culture-initiating cells. Our results show that microscopically homogenous MSC mass cultures consist of many subpopulations, which undergo clonal selection and have different capabilities. Among other factors, the clonal composition of the graft might have an impact on the functional properties of MSCs in experimental and clinical settings. SIGNIFICANCE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can easily be obtained from various adult or embryonal tissues and are frequently used in clinical trials. For their clinical application, MSCs have to be expanded in vitro. This unavoidable step influences the features of MSCs, so that clinical benefit and experimental results are often highly variable. Despite a homogenous appearance under the microscope, MSC cultures undergo massive clonal selection over time. Multicolor fluorescence labeling and deep sequencing were used to demonstrate the dynamic clonal composition of MSC cultures, which might ultimately explain the variable clinical performance of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Selich
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jannik Daudert
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Hass
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Philipp
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Department of Pathology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Gabi Paul
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Cornils
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rittinghausen
- Department of Pathology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Espina M, Jülke H, Brehm W, Ribitsch I, Winter K, Delling U. Evaluation of transport conditions for autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for therapeutic application in horses. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1773. [PMID: 27019778 PMCID: PMC4806605 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used for clinical applications in equine patients. For MSC isolation and expansion, a laboratory step is mandatory, after which the cells are sent back to the attending veterinarian. Preserving the biological properties of MSCs during this transport is paramount. The goal of the study was to compare transport-related parameters (transport container, media, temperature, time, cell concentration) that potentially influence characteristics of culture expanded equine MSCs. Methods. The study was arranged in three parts comparing (I) five different transport containers (cryotube, two types of plastic syringes, glass syringe, CellSeal), (II) seven different transport media, four temperatures (4 °C vs. room temperature; −20 °C vs. −80 °C), four time frames (24 h vs. 48 h; 48 h vs. 72 h), and (III) three MSC concentrations (5 × 106, 10 × 106, 20 × 106 MSC/ml). Cell viability (Trypan Blue exclusion; percent and total number viable cell), proliferation and trilineage differentiation capacity were assessed for each test condition. Further, the recovered volume of the suspension was determined in part I. Each condition was evaluated using samples of six horses (n = 6) and differentiation protocols were performed in duplicates. Results. In part I of the study, no significant differences in any of the parameters were found when comparing transport containers at room temperature. The glass syringe was selected for all subsequent evaluations (highest recoverable volume of cell suspension and cell viability). In part II, media, temperatures, or time frames had also no significant influence on cell viability, likely due to the large number of comparisons and small sample size. Highest cell viability was observed using autologous bone marrow supernatant as transport medium, and “transport” at 4 °C for 24 h (70.6% vs. control group 75.3%); this was not significant. Contrary, viability was unacceptably low (<40%) for all freezing protocols at −20 °C or −80 °C, particularly with bone marrow supernatant or plasma and DMSO. In part III, various cell concentrations also had no significant influence on any of the evaluated parameters. Chondrogenic differentiation showed a trend towards being decreased for all transport conditions, compared to control cells. Discussion. In this study, transport conditions were not found to impact viability, proliferation or ability for trilineage differentiation of MSCs, most likely due to the small sample size and large number of comparisons. The unusual low viability after all freezing protocols is in contrast to previous equine studies. Potential causes are differences in the freezing, but also in thawing method. Also, the selected container (glass syringe) may have impacted viability. Future research may be warranted into the possibly negative effect of transport on chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Espina
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Henriette Jülke
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Walter Brehm
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Iris Ribitsch
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Winter
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Delling
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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Zou Q, Wu M, Zhong L, Fan Z, Zhang B, Chen Q, Ma F. Development of a Xeno-Free Feeder-Layer System from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Prolonged Expansion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Culture. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149023. [PMID: 26882313 PMCID: PMC4755601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various feeder layers have been extensively applied to support the prolonged growth of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for in vitro cultures. Among them, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and mouse fibroblast cell line (SNL) are most commonly used feeder cells for hPSCs culture. However, these feeder layers from animal usually cause immunogenic contaminations, which compromises the potential of hPSCs in clinical applications. In the present study, we tested human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as a potent xeno-free feeder system for maintaining human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The hUC-MSCs showed characteristics of MSCs in xeno-free culture condition. On the mitomycin-treated hUC-MSCs feeder, hiPSCs maintained the features of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), such as low efficiency of spontaneous differentiation, stable expression of stemness markers, maintenance of normal karyotypes, in vitro pluripotency and in vivo ability to form teratomas, even after a prolonged culture of more than 30 passages. Our study indicates that the xeno-free culture system may be a good candidate for growth and expansion of hiPSCs as the stepping stone for stem cell research to further develop better and safer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zou
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liwu Zhong
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaoxin Fan
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (FM); (QC)
| | - Feng Ma
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (FM); (QC)
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Standardizing Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Translation to Clinical Use: Selection of GMP-Compliant Medium and a Simplified Isolation Method. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6810980. [PMID: 26966439 PMCID: PMC4757747 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6810980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) are a focus for clinical translation but standardized methods for isolation and expansion are lacking. Previously we published isolation and expansion methods for UC-MSCs which presented challenges when considering good manufacturing practices (GMP) for clinical translation. Here, a new and more standardized method for isolation and expansion of UC-MSCs is described. The new method eliminates dissection of blood vessels and uses a closed-vessel dissociation following enzymatic digestion which reduces contamination risk and manipulation time. The new method produced >10 times more cells per cm of UC than our previous method. When biographical variables were compared, more UC-MSCs per gram were isolated after vaginal birth compared to Caesarian-section births, an unexpected result. UC-MSCs were expanded in medium enriched with 2%, 5%, or 10% pooled human platelet lysate (HPL) eliminating the xenogeneic serum components. When the HPL concentrations were compared, media supplemented with 10% HPL had the highest growth rate, smallest cells, and the most viable cells at passage. UC-MSCs grown in 10% HPL had surface marker expression typical of MSCs, high colony forming efficiency, and could undergo trilineage differentiation. The new protocol standardizes manufacturing of UC-MSCs and enables clinical translation.
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241
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Zeuner MT, Patel K, Denecke B, Giebel B, Widera D. Paracrine effects of TLR4-polarised mesenchymal stromal cells are mediated by extracellular vesicles. J Transl Med 2016; 14:34. [PMID: 26838370 PMCID: PMC4735950 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells able to give rise to bone, cartilage and fat cells. In addition, they possess immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties that are mainly mediated through secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In a previous issue of Journal of Translational Medicine, Ti and colleagues demonstrated that preconditioning of MSCs with bacterial lipopolysaccharides results in secretion of EVs that can polarise macrophages towards anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Moreover, the authors suggest that EVs of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated MSCs are superior to EVs of untreated MSCs concerning their ability to support wound healing. Our commentary critically discusses parallel efforts of other laboratories to generate conditioned media from stem cells for therapeutic applications, and highlights impact and significance of the study of Ti et al. Finally, we summarise its limitations and spotlight areas that need to be addressed to better define the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Zeuner
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, UK. .,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Aachen (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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242
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Human Wharton's jelly–derived mesenchymal stromal cells engineered to secrete Epstein-Barr virus interleukin-10 show enhanced immunosuppressive properties. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:205-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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243
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Prockop DJ. Inflammation, fibrosis, and modulation of the process by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Matrix Biol 2016; 51:7-13. [PMID: 26807758 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis and scarring are the end stage of many disease processes. In effect, the collagen fibers that initially provide a necessary strength during the repair of injured tissues are frequently synthesized in excessive amounts and become irreversible fibrotic deposits that limit regeneration of the endogenous cells of a tissue. This review will focus on the potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for treatment of fibrotic diseases, with emphasis on the role of TSG-6 as a mediator of anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin J Prockop
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA.
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244
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Tan KY, Teo KL, Lim JFY, Chen AKL, Choolani M, Reuveny S, Chan J, Oh SK. Serum-free media formulations are cell line-specific and require optimization for microcarrier culture. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1152-65. [PMID: 26139547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated as potential cell therapies for many different indications. Current methods of production rely on traditional monolayer culture on tissue-culture plastic, usually with the use of serum-supplemented growth media. However, the monolayer culturing system has scale-up limitations and may not meet the projected hundreds of billions to trillions batches of cells needed for therapy. Furthermore, serum-free medium offers several advantages over serum-supplemented medium, which may have supply and contaminant issues, leading to many serum-free medium formulations being developed. METHODS We cultured seven MSC lines in six different serum-free media and compared their growth between monolayer and microcarrier culture. RESULTS We show that (i) expansion levels of MSCs in serum-free monolayer cultures may not correlate with expansion in serum-containing media; (ii) optimal culture conditions (serum-free media for monolayer or microcarrier culture) differ for each cell line; (iii) growth in static microcarrier culture does not correlate with growth in stirred spinner culture; (iv) and that early cell attachment and spreading onto microcarriers does not necessarily predict efficiency of cell expansion in agitated microcarrier culture. CONCLUSIONS Current serum-free media developed for monolayer cultures of MSCs may not support MSC proliferation in microcarrier cultures. Further optimization in medium composition will be required for microcarrier suspension culture for each cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Yong Tan
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore.
| | - Kim Leng Teo
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore
| | - Jessica F Y Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore
| | - Allen K L Chen
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore
| | | | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore
| | | | - Steve Kw Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore.
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245
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Gao F, Chiu SM, Motan DAL, Zhang Z, Chen L, Ji HL, Tse HF, Fu QL, Lian Q. Mesenchymal stem cells and immunomodulation: current status and future prospects. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2062. [PMID: 26794657 PMCID: PMC4816164 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them an invaluable cell type for the repair of tissue/ organ damage caused by chronic inflammation or autoimmune disorders. Although they hold great promise in the treatment of immune disorders such as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and allergic disorders, there remain many challenges to overcome before their widespread clinical application. An understanding of the biological properties of MSCs will clarify the mechanisms of MSC-based transplantation for immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of MSCs from different adult tissues, discuss the current hurdles to their use and propose the future development of pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs as an approach to immunomodulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S M Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - D A L Motan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H-L Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - H-F Tse
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Q-L Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Lian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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246
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Pollock K, Dahlenburg H, Nelson H, Fink KD, Cary W, Hendrix K, Annett G, Torrest A, Deng P, Gutierrez J, Nacey C, Pepper K, Kalomoiris S, D Anderson J, McGee J, Gruenloh W, Fury B, Bauer G, Duffy A, Tempkin T, Wheelock V, Nolta JA. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Genetically Engineered to Overexpress Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Improve Outcomes in Huntington's Disease Mouse Models. Mol Ther 2016; 24:965-77. [PMID: 26765769 PMCID: PMC4881765 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal degenerative autosomal dominant neuropsychiatric disease that causes neuronal death and is characterized by progressive striatal and then widespread brain atrophy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a lead candidate for the treatment of HD, as it has been shown to prevent cell death and to stimulate the growth and migration of new neurons in the brain in transgenic mouse models. BDNF levels are reduced in HD postmortem human brain. Previous studies have shown efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC)/BDNF using murine MSCs, and the present study used human MSCs to advance the therapeutic potential of the MSC/BDNF platform for clinical application. Double-blinded studies were performed to examine the effects of intrastriatally transplanted human MSC/BDNF on disease progression in two strains of immune-suppressed HD transgenic mice: YAC128 and R6/2. MSC/BDNF treatment decreased striatal atrophy in YAC128 mice. MSC/BDNF treatment also significantly reduced anxiety as measured in the open-field assay. Both MSC and MSC/BDNF treatments induced a significant increase in neurogenesis-like activity in R6/2 mice. MSC/BDNF treatment also increased the mean lifespan of the R6/2 mice. Our genetically modified MSC/BDNF cells set a precedent for stem cell-based neurotherapeutics and could potentially be modified for other neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and some forms of Parkinson's disease. These cells provide a platform delivery system for future studies involving corrective gene-editing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Heather Dahlenburg
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Haley Nelson
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Whitney Cary
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kyle Hendrix
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Geralyn Annett
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Audrey Torrest
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joshua Gutierrez
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Catherine Nacey
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Karen Pepper
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Stefanos Kalomoiris
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jeannine McGee
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - William Gruenloh
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Brian Fury
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alexandria Duffy
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Theresa Tempkin
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Vicki Wheelock
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
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247
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Juhl M, Tratwal J, Follin B, Søndergaard RH, Kirchhoff M, Ekblond A, Kastrup J, Haack-Sørensen M. Comparison of clinical grade human platelet lysates for cultivation of mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:93-104. [PMID: 26878874 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1099723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in therapeutic applications for regenerative medicine has gained much attention. Clinical translation of MSC-based approaches requires in vitro culture-expansion to achieve a sufficient number of cells. The ideal cell culture medium should be devoid of any animal derived components. We have evaluated whether human Platelet Lysate (hPL) could be an attractive alternative to animal supplements. METHODS MSCs from bone marrow (BMSCs) and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) obtained from three donors were culture expanded in three different commercially available hPL fulfilling good manufacturing practice criteria for clinical use. BMSCs and ASCs cultured in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle-alpha supplemented with 5% PLT-Max (Mill Creek), Stemulate™ PL-S and Stemulate™ PL-SP (COOK General Biotechnology) were compared to standard culture conditions with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cell morphology, proliferation, phenotype, genomic stability, and differentiation potential were analyzed. RESULTS Regardless of manufacturer, BMSCs and ASCs cultured in hPL media showed a significant increase in proliferation capacity compared to FBS medium. In general, the immunophenotype of both BMSCs and ASCs fulfilled International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria after hPL media expansion. Comparative genomic hybridization measurements demonstrated no unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements for BMSCs or ASCs cultured in hPL media or FBS medium. The BMSCs and ASCs could differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic lineages in all four culture conditions. CONCLUSION All three clinically approved commercial human platelet lysates accelerated proliferation of BMSCs and ASCs and the cells meet the ISCT mesenchymal phenotypic requirements without exhibiting chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Juhl
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Josefine Tratwal
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Bjarke Follin
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Rebekka H Søndergaard
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Maria Kirchhoff
- b Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Annette Ekblond
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Jens Kastrup
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Mandana Haack-Sørensen
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
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Vascular Wall-Resident Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature within the Process of Vascular Remodeling: Cellular Basis, Clinical Relevance, and Implications for Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1905846. [PMID: 26880936 PMCID: PMC4736960 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1905846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until some years ago, the bone marrow and the endothelial cell compartment lining the vessel lumen (subendothelial space) were thought to be the only sources providing vascular progenitor cells. Now, the vessel wall, in particular, the vascular adventitia, has been established as a niche for different types of stem and progenitor cells with the capacity to differentiate into both vascular and nonvascular cells. Herein, vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal nature (VW-MPSCs) have gained importance because of their large range of differentiation in combination with their distribution throughout the postnatal organism which is related to their existence in the adventitial niche, respectively. In general, mesenchymal stem cells, also designated as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity by their ability to replace defunct cells or secrete cytokines locally and thus support repair and healing processes of the affected tissues. This review will focus on the central role of VW-MPSCs within vascular reconstructing processes (vascular remodeling) which are absolute prerequisite to preserve the sensitive relationship between resilience and stability of the vessel wall. Further, a particular advantage for the therapeutic application of VW-MPSCs for improving vascular function or preventing vascular damage will be discussed.
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous and primitive cells discovered first in the bone marrow (BM). They have putative roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and are increasingly recognized as components of stem cell niches, which are best defined in the blood. The absence of in vivo MSC markers has limited our ability to track their behavior in vivo and draw comparisons with in vitro observations. Here we review the historical background of BM-MSCs, advances made in their prospective isolation, their developmental origin and contribution to maintaining subsets of hematopoietic cells, and how mesenchymal cells contribute to other stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmna Kfoury
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Radrizzani M, Soncin S, Lo Cicero V, Andriolo G, Bolis S, Turchetto L. Quality Control Assays for Clinical-Grade Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Methods for ATMP Release. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1416:313-337. [PMID: 27236681 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates for the development of cell-based therapies for various diseases and are currently being evaluated in a number of clinical trials (Sharma et al., Transfusion 54:1418-1437, 2014; Ikebe and Suzuki, Biomed Res Int 2014:951512, 2014). MSC for therapeutic applications are classified as advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) (Regulation (EC) No 1394/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2007 on advanced therapy medicinal products and amending Directive 2001/83/EC and Regulation (EC) No 726/2004) and must be prepared according to good manufacturing practices ( http://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/eudralex/vol-4 ). They may be derived from different starting materials (mainly bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, or cord blood) and applied as fresh or cryopreserved products, in the autologous as well as an allogeneic context (Sharma et al., Transfusion 54:1418-1437, 2014; Ikebe and Suzuki, Biomed Res Int 2014:951512, 2014; Sensebé and Bourin, Transplantation 87(9 Suppl):S49-S53, 2009). In any case, they require an approved and well-defined panel of assays in order to be released for clinical use.This chapter describes analytical methods implemented and performed in our cell factory as part of the release strategy for an ATMP consisting of frozen autologous BM-derived MSC. Such methods are designed to assess the safety (sterility, endotoxin, and mycoplasma assays) and identity/potency (cell count and viability, immunophenotype and clonogenic assay) of the final product. Some assays are also applied to the biological starting material (sterility) or carried out as in-process controls (sterility, cell count and viability, immunophenotype, clonogenic assay).The validation strategy for each analytical method is described in the accompanying Chapter 20 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Radrizzani
- Lugano Cell Factory, Cardiocentro Ticino - Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Soncin
- Lugano Cell Factory, Cardiocentro Ticino - Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Lo Cicero
- Lugano Cell Factory, Cardiocentro Ticino - Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Andriolo
- Lugano Cell Factory, Cardiocentro Ticino - Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Lugano Cell Factory, Cardiocentro Ticino - Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Turchetto
- Lugano Cell Factory, Cardiocentro Ticino - Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland.
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