201
|
Induction of Articular Chondrogenesis by Chitosan/Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Biomimetic Matrices Using Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184487. [PMID: 31514329 PMCID: PMC6770472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair using tissue engineering is the most advanced clinical application in regenerative medicine, yet available solutions remain unsuccessful in reconstructing native cartilage in its proprietary form and function. Previous investigations have suggested that the combination of specific bioactive elements combined with a natural polymer could generate carrier matrices that enhance activities of seeded stem cells and possibly induce the desired matrix formation. The present study sought to clarify this by assessing whether a chitosan-hyaluronic-acid-based biomimetic matrix in conjunction with adipose-derived stem cells could support articular hyaline cartilage formation in relation to a standard chitosan-based construct. By assessing cellular development, matrix formation, and key gene/protein expressions during in vitro cultivation utilizing quantitative gene and immunofluorescent assays, results showed that chitosan with hyaluronic acid provides a suitable environment that supports stem cell differentiation towards cartilage matrix producing chondrocytes. However, on the molecular gene expression level, it has become apparent that, without combinations of morphogens, in the chondrogenic medium, hyaluronic acid with chitosan has a very limited capacity to stimulate and maintain stem cells in an articular chondrogenic state, suggesting that cocktails of various growth factors are one of the key features to regenerate articular cartilage, clinically.
Collapse
|
202
|
Reda A, Hosseiny S, El-Sherbiny IM. Next-generation nanotheranostics targeting cancer stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2487-2514. [PMID: 31490100 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is depicted as the most aggressive malignancy and is one the major causes of death worldwide. It originates from immortal tumor-initiating cells called 'cancer stem cells' (CSCs). This devastating subpopulation exhibit potent self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation characteristics. Dynamic DNA repair mechanisms can sustain the immortality phenotype of cancer to evade all treatment strategies. To date, current conventional chemo- and radio-therapeutic strategies adopted against cancer fail in tackling CSCs. However, new advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for creating next-generation nanotheranostics as multifunctional smart 'all-in-one' nanoparticles. These particles integrate diagnostic, therapeutic and targeting agents into one single biocompatible and biodegradable carrier, opening up new avenues for breakthroughs in early detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer through efficient targeting of CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Reda
- Nanomedicine Division, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science & Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt.,Molecular & Cellular Biology division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Salma Hosseiny
- Nanomedicine Division, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science & Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Division, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science & Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Chen S, Ge X, Liu X, Ding Q, Wang N, Wang X, Chen S, Liang H, Deng Y, Xiong Q, Ni G, Bo E, Xu C, Yu H, Liu L. Understanding optical reflectance contrast for real-time characterization of epithelial precursor lesions. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:e10137. [PMID: 31572795 PMCID: PMC6764805 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting early-stage epithelial cancers and their precursor lesions are challenging as lesions could be subtle and focally or heterogeneously distributed over large mucosal areas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) that enables wide-field imaging of subsurface microstructures in vivo is a promising screening tool for epithelial diseases. However, its diagnostic capability has not been fully appreciated since the optical reflectance contrast is poorly understood. We investigated the back-scattered intensities from clustered or packed nanometer scale intracellular scatterers using finite-difference time-domain method and 1-μm resolution form of OCT, and uncovered that there existed correlations between the reflectance contrasts and the ultrastructural clustering or packing states of these scatterers, which allows us to interpret the physiological state of the cells. Specifically, both polarized goblet cells and foveolar cells exhibited asymmetric reflectance contrast, but they could be differentiated by the optical intensity of the mucin cup due to the different ultrastructural make-ups of the mucin granules; keratinocytes could demonstrate varied cytoplasmic intensity and their cytoplasmic contrast was closely correlated with the packing state of keratin filaments. Further preliminary study demonstrated that these new understandings of OCT image contrast enables the characterization of precancerous lesions, which could complement the current morphology-based criteria in realizing "virtual histology" and would have a profound impact for the screening and surveillance of epithelial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Xin Ge
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Qianshan Ding
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Nanshuo Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Xianghong Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Shufen Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Haitao Liang
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Yunchao Deng
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiaozhou Xiong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Guangming Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic InformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - En Bo
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Honggang Yu
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Linbo Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Sharir A, Marangoni P, Zilionis R, Wan M, Wald T, Hu JK, Kawaguchi K, Castillo-Azofeifa D, Epstein L, Harrington K, Pagella P, Mitsiadis T, Siebel CW, Klein AM, Klein OD. A large pool of actively cycling progenitors orchestrates self-renewal and injury repair of an ectodermal appendage. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1102-1112. [PMID: 31481792 PMCID: PMC6935352 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The classical model of tissue renewal posits that small numbers of quiescent stem cells (SCs) give rise to proliferating transit-amplifying cells before terminal differentiation. However, many organs house pools of SCs with proliferative and differentiation potentials that diverge from this template. Resolving SC identity and organization is therefore central to understanding tissue renewal. Here, using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mouse genetics and tissue injury approaches, we uncover cellular hierarchies and mechanisms that underlie the maintenance and repair of the continuously growing mouse incisor. Our results reveal that, during homeostasis, a group of actively cycling epithelial progenitors generates enamel-producing ameloblasts and adjacent layers of non-ameloblast cells. After injury, tissue repair was achieved through transient increases in progenitor-cell proliferation and through direct conversion of Notch1-expressing cells to ameloblasts. We elucidate epithelial SC identity, position and function, providing a mechanistic basis for the homeostasis and repair of a fast-turnover ectodermal appendage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Sharir
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mian Wan
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tomas Wald
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jimmy K Hu
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leo Epstein
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Kyle Harrington
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
- Virtual Technology and Design, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thimios Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Abstract
Nearly one-third of adults over the age of 65 have lost all their teeth. We set out to understand tooth renewal in animals that have replacement and regeneration capabilities. Using cichlid fishes and mouse models, we discovered plasticity between tooth and taste bud progenitor cell derivatives, mediated by BMP. Our results suggest that oral organs have surprising regenerative capabilities and can be manipulated to express characteristics of different tissue types. In Lake Malawi cichlids, each tooth is replaced in one-for-one fashion every ∼20 to 50 d, and taste buds (TBs) are continuously renewed as in mammals. These structures are colocalized in the fish mouth and throat, from the point of initiation through adulthood. Here, we found that replacement teeth (RT) share a continuous band of epithelium with adjacent TBs and that both organs coexpress stem cell factors in subsets of label-retaining cells. We used RNA-seq to characterize transcriptomes of RT germs and TB-bearing oral epithelium. Analysis revealed differential usage of developmental pathways in RT compared to TB oral epithelia, as well as a repertoire of genome paralogues expressed complimentarily in each organ. Notably, BMP ligands were expressed in RT but excluded from TBs. Morphant fishes bathed in a BMP chemical antagonist exhibited RT with abrogated shh expression in the inner dental epithelium (IDE) and ectopic expression of calb2 (a TB marker) in these very cells. In the mouse, teeth are located on the jaw margin while TBs and other oral papillae are located on the tongue. Previous study reported that tongue intermolar eminence (IE) oral papillae of Follistatin (a BMP antagonist) mouse mutants exhibited dysmorphic invagination. We used these mutants to demonstrate altered transcriptomes and ectopic expression of dental markers in tongue IE. Our results suggest that vertebrate oral epithelium retains inherent plasticity to form tooth and taste-like cell types, mediated by BMP specification of progenitor cells. These findings indicate underappreciated epithelial cell populations with promising potential in bioengineering and dental therapeutics.
Collapse
|
206
|
Fuchs E. Skin Stem Cells in Silence, Action, and Cancer. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 10:1432-1438. [PMID: 29742389 PMCID: PMC5995444 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In studying how stem cells make and maintain tissues, nearly every chapter of a cell biology textbook takes on special interest. The field even allows us to venture where no chapters have yet been written. In studying this basic problem, we are continually bombarded by nature's surprises and challenges. Stem cell biology has captured my interest for nearly my entire scientific career. Below, I focus on my laboratory's contributions to this fascinating field, to which so many friends and colleagues have made seminal discoveries equally deserving of this award.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Yang R, Liu F, Wang J, Chen X, Xie J, Xiong K. Epidermal stem cells in wound healing and their clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:229. [PMID: 31358069 PMCID: PMC6664527 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin has important barrier, sensory, and immune functions, contributing to the health and integrity of the organism. Extensive skin injuries that threaten the entire organism require immediate and effective treatment. Wound healing is a natural response, but in severe conditions, such as burns and diabetes, this process is insufficient to achieve effective treatment. Epidermal stem cells (EPSCs) are a multipotent cell type and are committed to the formation and differentiation of the functional epidermis. As the contributions of EPSCs in wound healing and tissue regeneration have been increasingly attracting the attention of researchers, a rising number of therapies based on EPSCs are currently under development. In this paper, we review the characteristics of EPSCs and the mechanisms underlying their functions during wound healing. Applications of EPSCs are also discussed to determine the potential and feasibility of using EPSCs clinically in wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 512100, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Morphological Sciences Building, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Lu P, Zhou T, Xu C, Lu Y. Mammary stem cells, where art thou? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e357. [PMID: 31322329 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the field of stem cell biology. This is in part due to the emergence of various vertebrate organs, including the mammary gland, as an amenable model system for adult stem cell studies and remarkable technical advances in single cell technology and modern genetic lineage tracing. In the current review, we summarize the recent progress in mammary gland stem cell biology at both the adult and embryonic stages. We discuss current challenges and controversies, and potentially new and exciting directions for future research. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongshen Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhe Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Atashzar MR, Baharlou R, Karami J, Abdollahi H, Rezaei R, Pourramezan F, Zoljalali Moghaddam SH. Cancer stem cells: A review from origin to therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:790-803. [PMID: 31286518 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are elucidated as cells that can perpetuate themselves via autorestoration. These cells are highly resistant to current therapeutic approaches and are the main reason for cancer recurrence. Radiotherapy has made a lot of contributions to cancer treatment. However, despite continuous achievements, therapy resistance and tumor recurrence are still prevalent in most patients. This resistance might be partly related to the existence of CSCs. In the present study, recent advances in the investigation of different biological properties of CSCs, such as their origin, markers, characteristics, and targeting have been reviewed. We have also focused our discussion on radioresistance and adaptive responses of CSCs and their related extrinsic and intrinsic influential factors. In summary, we suggest CSCs as the prime therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Atashzar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Jafar Karami
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Department of Radiologic Sciences and Medical Physics, School of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourramezan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
210
|
Su L, Zheng J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Hu D. Emerging progress on the mechanism and technology in wound repair. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109191. [PMID: 31387187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal wound repair is a dynamic and complex process involving multiple coordinated interactions between growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and various cells. Any failure during the repair process may cause chronic wounds or scar formation, which increase the financial burden of patients due to repetitive treatments and considerable medical expenditures, and affect their quality of life. Nowadays, extensive efforts have been made to develop novel therapeutics for wound repair. Genetic engineering technology, tissue engineering technology, stem cell-based therapy, physical and biochemical technology, and vacuum-assisted closure technique have been proposed to be beneficial for wound repair, and shown considerable potential for improving the rate and quality of wound healing and skin regeneration. However, challenges remain as applying these techniques. As the development of cell biology and molecular biology, the understanding of the mechanism under wound repair has gradually deepened. As the growth of interdisciplinary research on physics, chemistry, biology, tissue engineering, and materials, the concept and technique relating wound repair for clinical application have rapidly developed. This article reviews the latest progress on the mechanism and technique in wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Su
- Department of Burnsand Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China.
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441021, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burnsand Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burnsand Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Li W, Yang L, He Q, Hu C, Zhu L, Ma X, Ma X, Bao S, Li L, Chen Y, Deng X, Zhang X, Cen J, Zhang L, Wang Z, Xie WF, Li H, Li Y, Hui L. A Homeostatic Arid1a-Dependent Permissive Chromatin State Licenses Hepatocyte Responsiveness to Liver-Injury-Associated YAP Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:54-68.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
212
|
Kurita M, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Suzuki K, Okazaki M. Development of de novo epithelialization method for treatment of cutaneous ulcers. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 95:8-12. [PMID: 31255469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous ulcers are a common cause of morbidity. We have developed a de novo epithelialization method for treating cutaneous ulcers by means of reprogramming wound-resident mesenchymal cells in vivo into cells able to form a stratified epithelium: induced stratified epithelial progenitors (iSEPs). Administration of 4 transcription factors (DNP63A, GRHL2, TFAP2A, and cMYC) expressed via adeno-associated viral vectors enabled generation of epithelial cells and tissues, thereby acheiving de novo epithelialization from the surfaces of cutaneous ulcers in a mouse model. Generated epithelia, having barrier functions equivalent to the original epidermis, were maintained for more than 6 months. Our findings constitute a proof of concept for future development towards innovative therapies for cutaneous ulcers via de novo epithelialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kurita
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan.
| | | | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Okazaki
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Rota C, Morigi M, Imberti B. Stem Cell Therapies in Kidney Diseases: Progress and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112790. [PMID: 31181604 PMCID: PMC6600599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of renal diseases is emerging as a public health problem. Despite major progress in supportive therapy, mortality rates among patients remain high. In an attempt to find innovative treatments to stimulate kidney regeneration, stem cell-based technology has been proposed as a potentially promising strategy. Here, we summarise the renoprotective potential of pluripotent and adult stem cell therapy in experimental models of acute and chronic kidney injury and we explore the different mechanisms at the basis of stem cell-induced kidney regeneration. Specifically, cell engraftment, incorporation into renal structures, or paracrine activities of embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells as well as mesenchymal stem cells and renal precursors are analysed. We also discuss the relevance of stem cell secretome-derived bioproducts, including soluble factors and extracellular vesicles, and the option of using them as cell-free therapy to induce reparative processes. The translation of the experimental results into clinical trials is also addressed, highlighting the safety and feasibility of stem cell treatments in patients with kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Rota
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Marina Morigi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Barbara Imberti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Abstract
Exposure to inflammatory stimuli can remodel immune cells in a way that alters their response to future insults. In a landmark paper in Nature, Elaine Fuchs and colleagues show that memory of inflammation is not restricted to the hematopoietic lineage (Naik et al., 2017).
Collapse
|
215
|
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells play central roles in processes of organogenesis and tissue maintenance, whereas cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to drive tumor malignancy. Here, we review recent progress in the identification and analysis of normal prostate stem/progenitor cells as well as putative CSCs in both genetically engineered mouse models as well as in human tissue. We also discuss studies that have investigated the cell type of origin for prostate cancer. In addition, we provide a critical assessment of methodologies used in stem cell analyses and outline directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia J Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Feldman A, Mukha D, Maor II, Sedov E, Koren E, Yosefzon Y, Shlomi T, Fuchs Y. Blimp1 + cells generate functional mouse sebaceous gland organoids in vitro. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2348. [PMID: 31138796 PMCID: PMC6538623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the skin focus primarily on the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis, whereas little is known regarding the homeostasis of the sebaceous gland (SG). The SG has been proposed to be replenished by different pools of hair follicle stem cells and cells that resides in the SG base, marked by Blimp1. Here, we demonstrate that single Blimp1+ cells isolated from mice have the potential to generate SG organoids in vitro. Mimicking SG homeostasis, the outer layer of these organoids is composed of proliferating cells that migrate inward, undergo terminal differentiation and generating lipid-filled sebocytes. Performing confocal microscopy and mass-spectrometry, we report that these organoids exhibit known markers and a lipidomic profile similar to SGs in vivo. Furthermore, we identify a role for c-Myc in sebocyte proliferation and differentiation, and determine that SG organoids can serve as a platform for studying initial stages of acne vulgaris, making this a useful platform to identify potential therapeutic targets. The sebaceous gland (SG) has been proposed to be replenished by pools of cells, including a population in the SG base, marked by Blimp1. Here, the authors show that Blimp1+ cells can establish an organoid model of the SG, which is regulated by c-Myc and can recapitulate the early stages of acne vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dzmitry Mukha
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itzhak I Maor
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Shlomi
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel. .,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel. .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Yan H, Gao Y, Ding Q, Liu J, Li Y, Jin M, Xu H, Ma S, Wang X, Zeng W, Chen Y. Exosomal Micro RNAs Derived from Dermal Papilla Cells Mediate Hair Follicle Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1368-1382. [PMID: 31337968 PMCID: PMC6643152 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes (DPC-Exos) promote the anagen stage of hair follicle (HF) growth and delay the catagen stage. However, the roles of DPC-Exos in regulating hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) quiescence and activation remain unknown. Here, we found that HFSC differentiation was induced by co-culture with DPCs, and that DPC-Exos attached to the surface of HFSCs. Using micro RNA (miRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we identified 111 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between DPC-Exos and DPCs, and the predicted target genes of the top 34 differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that DPC-Exos regulate HFSCs proliferation and differentiation via genes involved in cellular signal transduction, fatty acid expression regulation, and cellular communication. The overexpression of miR-22-5p indicated that it negatively regulates HFSC proliferation and LEF1 was revealed as the direct target gene of miR-22-5p. We therefore propose the miR-22-5p-LEF1 axis as a novel pathway regulating HFSC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Miaohan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Goldie SJ, Chincarini G, Darido C. Targeted Therapy Against the Cell of Origin in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092201. [PMID: 31060263 PMCID: PMC6539622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), including cutaneous SCCs, are by far the most frequent cancers in humans, accounting for 80% of all newly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. The old dogma that SCC develops exclusively from stem cells (SC) has now changed to include progenitors, transit-amplifying and differentiated short-lived cells. Accumulation of specific oncogenic mutations is required to induce SCC from each cell population. Whilst as fewer as one genetic hit is sufficient to induce SCC from a SC, multiple events are additionally required in more differentiated cells. Interestingly, the level of differentiation correlates with the number of transforming events required to induce a stem-like phenotype, a long-lived potential and a tumourigenic capacity in a progenitor, a transient amplifying or even in a terminally differentiated cell. Furthermore, it is well described that SCCs originating from different cells of origin differ not only in their squamous differentiation status but also in their malignant characteristics. This review summarises recent findings in cutaneous SCC and highlights transforming oncogenic events in specific cell populations. It underlines oncogenes that are restricted either to stem or differentiated cells, which could provide therapeutic target selectivity against heterogeneous SCC. This strategy may be applicable to SCC from different body locations, such as head and neck SCCs, which are currently still associated with poor survival outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Goldie
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Ginevra Chincarini
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Belokhvostova D, Berzanskyte I, Cujba AM, Jowett G, Marshall L, Prueller J, Watt FM. Homeostasis, regeneration and tumour formation in the mammalian epidermis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 62:571-582. [PMID: 29938768 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.170341fw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outer covering of the skin and provides a protective interface between the body and the environment. It is well established that the epidermis is maintained by stem cells that self-renew and generate differentiated cells. In this review, we discuss how recent technological advances, including single cell transcriptomics and in vivo imaging, have provided new insights into the nature and plasticity of the stem cell compartment and the differing roles of stem cells in homeostasis, wound repair and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Belokhvostova
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
220
|
Salwig I, Spitznagel B, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Khalooghi K, Guenther S, Herold S, Szibor M, Braun T. Bronchioalveolar stem cells are a main source for regeneration of distal lung epithelia in vivo. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2019102099. [PMID: 31028085 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) are a potential source for lung regeneration, but direct in vivo evidence for a multipotential lineage contribution during homeostasis and disease is critically missing, since specific genetic labeling of BASCs has not been possible. We developed a novel cell tracing approach based on intein-mediated assembly of newly engineered split-effectors, allowing selective targeting of dual-marker expressing BASCs in the mouse lung. RNA sequencing of isolated BASCs demonstrates that BASCs show a distinct transcriptional profile, characterized by co-expression of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial genes. We found that BASCs generate the majority of distal lung airway cells after bronchiolar damage but only moderately contribute to cellular turnover under homeostatic conditions. Importantly, DTA-mediated ablation of BASCs compromised proper regeneration of distal airways. The study defines BASCs as crucial components of the lung repair machinery and provides a paradigmatic example for the detection and manipulation of stem cells that cannot be recognized by a single marker alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Salwig
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Spitznagel
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ana Ivonne Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Keynoosh Khalooghi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Marten Szibor
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Brown Y, Hua S, Tanwar PS. Extracellular matrix-mediated regulation of cancer stem cells and chemoresistance. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 109:90-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
222
|
Si Z, Wang X, Sun C, Kang Y, Xu J, Wang X, Hui Y. Adipose-derived stem cells: Sources, potency, and implications for regenerative therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108765. [PMID: 30921703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be obtained easily from adipose tissues and possess many of the same regenerative properties as other MSCs. ASCs easily adhere to plastic culture flasks, expand in vitro, and have the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, offering the potential to repair, maintain, or enhance various tissues. Since human adipose tissue is ubiquitous and easily obtained in large quantities using a minimally invasive procedure, the use of autologous ASCs is promising for both regenerative medicine and organs damaged by injury and disease, leading to a rapidly increasing field of research. ASCs are effective for the treatment of severe symptoms such as atrophy, fibrosis, retraction, and ulcers induced by radiation therapy. Moreover, ASCs have been shown to be effective for pathological wound healing such as aberrant scar formation. Additionally, ASCs have been shown to be effective in treating severe refractory acute graft-versus-host disease and hematological and immunological disorders such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and refractory pure red cell aplasia, indicating that ASCs may have immunomodulatory function. Although many experimental procedures have been proposed, standardized harvesting protocols and processing techniques do not yet exist. Therefore, in this review we focus on the current landscape of ASC isolation, identification, location, and differentiation ability, and summarize the recent progress in ASC applications, the latest preclinical and clinical research, and future approaches for the use of ASCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Si
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuchun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jiakun Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Basic Medical Institute of Heilongjiang Medical Science Academy, PR China; Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, PR China
| | - Yang Hui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Basic Medical Institute of Heilongjiang Medical Science Academy, PR China; Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Thomas KS, Owen KA, Conger K, Llewellyn RA, Bouton AH, Casanova JE. Non-redundant functions of FAK and Pyk2 in intestinal epithelial repair. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4497. [PMID: 30872746 PMCID: PMC6418130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion signaling between epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and the response to tissue damage. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its close relative Pyk2 are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that mediate adhesion signaling to promote cell proliferation, motility and survival. FAK has also been shown to act as a mechanosensor by modulating cell proliferation in response to changes in tissue compliance. We previously showed that mice lacking FAK in the intestinal epithelium are phenotypically normal under homeostatic conditions but hypersensitive to experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Here we report that Pyk2-deficient mice are also phenotypically normal under homeostatic conditions and are similarly hypersensitive to DSS-induced colitis. These data indicate that normal intestinal development and homeostatic maintenance can occur in the presence of either FAK or Pyk2, but that both kinases are necessary for epithelial repair following injury. In contrast, mice lacking both FAK and Pyk2 develop spontaneous colitis with 100% penetrance by 4 weeks of age. Normal colonic phenotype and function are restored upon treatment of the double knockout mice with antibiotics, implicating commensal bacteria or bacterial products in the etiology of the spontaneous colitis exhibited by these mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keena S Thomas
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Katherine A Owen
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Ampel Biosolutions, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Kathryn Conger
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ryan A Llewellyn
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amy H Bouton
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - James E Casanova
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Duval C, Watanabe M, Donati G. Buried myoepithelial stem cells as a reservoir for repairing the exposed airway epithelium. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 5:45. [PMID: 30701180 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Duval
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Sastre-Perona A, Hoang-Phou S, Leitner MC, Okuniewska M, Meehan S, Schober M. De Novo PITX1 Expression Controls Bi-Stable Transcriptional Circuits to Govern Self-Renewal and Differentiation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:390-404.e8. [PMID: 30713093 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Basal tumor propagating cells (TPCs) control squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) growth by self-renewing and differentiating into supra-basal SCC cells, which lack proliferative potential. While transcription factors such as SOX2 and KLF4 can drive these behaviors, their molecular roles and regulatory interactions with each other have remained elusive. Here, we show that PITX1 is specifically expressed in TPCs, where it co-localizes with SOX2 and TRP63 and determines cell fate in mouse and human SCC. Combining gene targeting with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and transcriptomic analyses reveals that PITX1 cooperates with SOX2 and TRP63 to sustain an SCC-specific transcriptional feed-forward circuit that maintains TPC-renewal, while inhibiting KLF4 expression and preventing KLF4-dependent differentiation. Conversely, KLF4 represses PITX1, SOX2, and TRP63 expression to prevent TPC expansion. This bi-stable, multi-input network reveals a molecular framework that explains self-renewal, aberrant differentiation, and SCC growth in mice and humans, providing clues for developing differentiation-inducing therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sastre-Perona
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Hoang-Phou
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-Christin Leitner
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shane Meehan
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Schober
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Tang T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Cai Z, Lu Z, Li L, Huang R, Hagelkruys A, Matthias P, Zhang H, Seiser C, Xie Y. HDAC1 and HDAC2 Regulate Intermediate Progenitor Positioning to Safeguard Neocortical Development. Neuron 2019; 101:1117-1133.e5. [PMID: 30709655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitors with distinct potential to generate progeny are associated with a spatially distinct microenvironment. Neocortical intermediate progenitors (IPs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the developing brain generate neurons for all cortical layers and are essential for cortical expansion. Here, we show that spatial control of IP positioning is essential for neocortical development. We demonstrate that HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate the spatial positioning of IPs to form the SVZ. Developmental stage-specific depletion of both HDAC1 and HDAC2 in radial glial progenitors results in mispositioning of IPs at the ventricular surface, where they divide and differentiate into neurons, thereby leading to the cortical malformation. We further identified the proneural gene Neurogenin2 as a key target of HDAC1 and HDAC2 for regulating IP positioning. Our results demonstrate the importance of the spatial positioning of neural progenitors in cortical development and reveal a mechanism underlying the establishment of the SVZ microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Tang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheping Cai
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiheng Lu
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Leiting Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Ru Huang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Christian Seiser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yunli Xie
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Boecker W, Reusch M, Mielke V, Reusch U, Loening T, Tiemann M, Buchwalow I. Spatial analysis of p63, K5 and K7 defines two groups of progenitor cells that differentially contribute to the maintenance of normal sebaceous glands, extraocular sebaceous carcinoma and benign sebaceous tumors. J Dermatol 2019; 46:249-258. [PMID: 30663115 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The histogenesis of extraocular sebaceous carcinomas is - in contrast to ocular sebaceous carcinomas - unclear, and information about the exact cellular architecture of these lesions and even of the normal sebaceous gland is still scarce. This study attempts to elucidate the histogenesis of sebaceous tumors, using multicolor immunofluorescence stainings to analyze 21 cases of sebaceous tumors (six each of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma, sebaceous adenoma and sebaceoma, and three cases of steatocystomas) and eight cases of normal sebaceous glands for p63, several keratins, androgen receptor, adipophilin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and Ki-67. The data of this observational study provide evidence for the existence of two subpopulations of progenitors in normal sebaceous glands: (i) p63+ K5+ progenitors which generate the K10+ luminal cells of sebaceous ducts; and (ii) p63+ K5+ K7+ progenitors which finally generate K7+ adipophilin+ EMA+ sebocytes. Without exception, all types of sebaceous tumors contained p63+ K5+ cells. Furthermore, these tumors showed a cellular hierarchy and differentiation to adipophilin+ and/or EMA+ mature sebocytes and to K10+ ductal cells through intermediary cells. Notably, a considerable number of sebaceous tumors lack the K7 pathway of cell maintenance in the normal sebaceous lobule. Based on our data, we propose a cellular algorithmic model of the hierarchy of normal sebaceous glands and of sebocytic tumors in which p63+ K5+ cells play a major role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Boecker
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Dermatopathology Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany.,Gerhard-Seifert Reference Center for Gyneco-, Oral- and Breast Pathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Loening
- Dermatopathology Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany.,Gerhard-Seifert Reference Center for Gyneco-, Oral- and Breast Pathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
228
|
Abstract
The transition of epithelial cells into a mesenchymal state (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT) is a highly dynamic process implicated in various biological processes. During EMT, cells do not necessarily exist in 'pure' epithelial or mesenchymal states. There are cells with mixed (or hybrid) features of the two, which are termed as the intermediate cell states (ICSs). While the exact functions of ICS remain elusive, together with EMT it appears to play important roles in embryogenesis, tissue development, and pathological processes such as cancer metastasis. Recent single cell experiments and advanced mathematical modeling have improved our capability in identifying ICS and provided a better understanding of ICS in development and disease. Here, we review the recent findings related to the ICS in/or EMT and highlight the challenges in the identification and functional characterization of ICS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Sha
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Co-first authors
| | - Daniel Haensel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Co-first authors
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Huijing Du
- Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Development and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Suzuki D, Pinto F, Senoo M. Promotion of Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Expansion in Feeder Cell Co-culture. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1993:15-31. [PMID: 31148075 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9473-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Co-culture of human epidermal keratinocytes with mouse 3T3-J2 feeder cells, developed by Green and colleagues, has been used worldwide to generate skin autografts since the early 1980s. In addition, co-culture with 3T3-J2 cells has served as a fundamental tool in skin stem cell biology as it allows the evaluation of self-renewal capacity of epidermal stem cells. This chapter describes a recent improvement in the Green method to promote further the expansion of human epidermal keratinocytes utilizing a small-molecule inhibitor of TGF-β signaling. This new protocol enables more rapid expansion of human epidermal keratinocytes in co-culture with not only 3T3-J2 cells but also other feeder cells including human dermal fibroblasts and human preadipocytes, two major alternatives to 3T3-J2 cells, with a long-term goal of developing customized skin autografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filipa Pinto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Makoto Senoo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Rodrigues M, Kosaric N, Bonham CA, Gurtner GC. Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:665-706. [PMID: 30475656 PMCID: PMC6442927 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00067.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1254] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is one of the most complex processes in the human body. It involves the spatial and temporal synchronization of a variety of cell types with distinct roles in the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, growth, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. With the evolution of single cell technologies, it has been possible to uncover phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within several of these cell types. There have also been discoveries of rare, stem cell subsets within the skin, which are unipotent in the uninjured state, but become multipotent following skin injury. Unraveling the roles of each of these cell types and their interactions with each other is important in understanding the mechanisms of normal wound closure. Changes in the microenvironment including alterations in mechanical forces, oxygen levels, chemokines, extracellular matrix and growth factor synthesis directly impact cellular recruitment and activation, leading to impaired states of wound healing. Single cell technologies can be used to decipher these cellular alterations in diseased states such as in chronic wounds and hypertrophic scarring so that effective therapeutic solutions for healing wounds can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Nina Kosaric
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Clark A Bonham
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Xue M, Dervish S, Jackson CJ. Isolation of Human Skin Epidermal Stem Cells Based on the Expression of Endothelial Protein C Receptor. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1879:165-174. [PMID: 29728944 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin epidermis is a continuous self-renewal tissue maintained by interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IESCs) that reside in the basal layer of epidermis. IESCs also contribute to the repair and regeneration of the epidermis during wound healing. The great plasticity and easy accessibility afforded by IESCs make them a promising source of stem cells for scientific research and clinical applications. Thus, simple methods to isolate and define pure and viable IESCs are a valuable resource. Here, we provide a method for isolating IESCs from human skin epidermis. This method relies exclusively on selecting cells with a higher expression of the endothelial protein C receptor, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meilang Xue
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
| | - Suat Dervish
- The Westmead Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Jackson
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Dekoninck S, Blanpain C. Stem cell dynamics, migration and plasticity during wound healing. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:18-24. [PMID: 30602767 PMCID: PMC7615151 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is critical for animal survival. The skin epidermis is particularly exposed to injuries, which necessitates rapid repair. The coordinated action of distinct epidermal stem cells recruited from various skin regions together with other cell types, including fibroblasts and immune cells, is required to ensure efficient and harmonious wound healing. A complex crosstalk ensures the activation, migration and plasticity of these cells during tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dekoninck
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Huels DJ, Medema JP. Think About the Environment: Cellular Reprogramming by the Extracellular Matrix. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:7-9. [PMID: 29304343 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Yui et al. (2018) show how tissue regeneration is driven by changes in the microenvironment. During intestinal regeneration, the epithelium is reprogrammed into a fetal state by an altered extracellular matrix (ECM), which is dependent on YAP/TAZ activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Flexible fate determination ensures robust differentiation in the hair follicle. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1361-1369. [PMID: 30420661 PMCID: PMC6314017 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis is sustained by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. How stem cells coordinately differentiate into multiple cell types is largely unclear. Recent studies underline the heterogeneity among stem cells or common progenitors, suggesting that coordination occurs at the stem cell/progenitor level1-4. Here, by tracking and manipulating the same stem cells and their progeny at the single-cell level in live mice, we uncover an unanticipated flexibility of homeostatic stem cell differentiation in hair follicles. Although stem cells have been shown to be flexible upon injury, we demonstrate that hair germ stem cells at the single-cell level can flexibly establish all of the differentiation lineages even in uninjured conditions. Furthermore, stem cell-derived hair progenitors in the structure called matrix, previously thought to be unipotent, flexibly change differentiation outcomes as a consequence of unexpected dynamic relocation. Finally, the flexible cell fate determination mechanism maintains normal differentiation and tissue architecture against an ectopic differentiation stimulus induced by Wnt activation. This work provides a model of continual fate channelling and late commitment of stem cells to achieve coordinated differentiation and robust tissue architecture.
Collapse
|
235
|
Koren E, Yosefzon Y, Ankawa R, Soteriou D, Jacob A, Nevelsky A, Ben-Yosef R, Bar-Sela G, Fuchs Y. ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell niche. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4582. [PMID: 30389919 PMCID: PMC6214937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in fueling homeostasis and regeneration. While much focus has been given to self-renewal and differentiation pathways regulating SC fate, little is known regarding the specific mechanisms utilized for their elimination. Here, we report that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS (a Septin4 isoform) is highly expressed in cells comprising the intestinal SC niche and that its deletion protects Lgr5+ and Paneth cells from undergoing apoptotic cell death. As a result, the Sept4/ARTS−/− crypt displays augmented proliferation and, in culture, generates massive cystic-like organoids due to enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, Sept4/ARTS−/− mice exhibit resistance against intestinal damage in a manner dependent upon Lgr5+ SCs. Finally, we show that ARTS interacts with XIAP in intestinal crypt cells and that deletion of XIAP can abrogate Sept4/ARTS−/−-dependent phenotypes. Our results indicate that intestinal SCs utilize specific apoptotic proteins for their elimination, representing a unique target for regenerative medicine. The mechanisms regulating intestinal stem cell elimination remain unclear. Here, the authors identify that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS (a Septin4 isoform) interacts with XIAP in the intestinal stem cell niche to regulate stem cell survival during intestinal homeostasis and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Despina Soteriou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Alexander Nevelsky
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Rahamim Ben-Yosef
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel. .,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel. .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Choo MK, Kraft S, Missero C, Park JM. The protein kinase p38α destabilizes p63 to limit epidermal stem cell frequency and tumorigenic potential. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/551/eaau0727. [PMID: 30301786 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The molecular circuitry directing tissue development and homeostasis is hardwired by genetic programs but may also be subject to fine-tuning or major modification by environmental conditions. It remains unclear whether such malleability is at work-particularly in tissues directly in contact with the environment-and contributes to their optimal maintenance and resilience. The protein kinase p38α is activated by physiological cues that signal tissue damage and neoplastic transformation. Here, we found that p38α phosphorylated and thereby destabilized p63, a transcription factor essential for epidermal development. Through this regulatory mechanism, p38α limited the frequency of keratinocytes with stem cell properties and tumorigenic potential. Correspondingly, epidermal loss of p38α expression or activity promoted or correlated with carcinogenesis in mouse and human skin, respectively. Genetic mouse models revealed a tumorigenic mechanism from p38α loss through p63-mediated suppression of the matrix metalloprotease MMP13. These findings illustrate a previously uncharacterized epidermal tumor-suppressive mechanism in which stress-activated signaling induces the contraction of stem cell-like keratinocyte pools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Choo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stefan Kraft
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caterina Missero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jin Mo Park
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Agudo J, Park ES, Rose SA, Alibo E, Sweeney R, Dhainaut M, Kobayashi KS, Sachidanandam R, Baccarini A, Merad M, Brown BD. Quiescent Tissue Stem Cells Evade Immune Surveillance. Immunity 2018; 48:271-285.e5. [PMID: 29466757 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are critical for the maintenance of many tissues, but whether their integrity is maintained in the face of immunity is unclear. Here we found that cycling epithelial stem cells, including Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, as well as ovary and mammary stem cells, were eliminated by activated T cells, but quiescent stem cells in the hair follicle and muscle were resistant to T cell killing. Immune evasion was an intrinsic property of the quiescent stem cells resulting from systemic downregulation of the antigen presentation machinery, including MHC class I and TAP proteins, and is mediated by the transactivator NLRC5. This process was reversed upon stem cell entry into the cell cycle. These studies identify a link between stem cell quiescence, antigen presentation, and immune evasion. As cancer-initiating cells can derive from stem cells, these findings may help explain how the earliest cancer cells evade immune surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Agudo
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eun Sook Park
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samuel A Rose
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eziwoma Alibo
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sweeney
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maxime Dhainaut
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Koichi S Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brian D Brown
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are among the most prevalent human cancers. SCC comprises a wide range of tumours originated from diverse anatomical locations that share common genetic mutations and expression of squamous differentiation markers. SCCs arise from squamous and non-squamous epithelial tissues. Here, we discuss the different studies in which the cell of origin of SCCs has been uncovered by expressing oncogenes and/or deleting tumour suppressor genes in the different cell lineages that compose these epithelia. We present evidence showing that the squamous differentiation phenotype of the tumour depends on the type of mutated oncogene and the cell of origin, which dictate the competence of the cells to initiate SCC formation, as well as on the aggressiveness and invasive properties of these tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sánchez-Danés
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Singh K, Camera E, Krug L, Basu A, Pandey RK, Munir S, Wlaschek M, Kochanek S, Schorpp-Kistner M, Picardo M, Angel P, Niemann C, Maity P, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. JunB defines functional and structural integrity of the epidermo-pilosebaceous unit in the skin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3425. [PMID: 30143626 PMCID: PMC6109099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors ensure skin homeostasis via tight regulation of distinct resident stem cells. Here we report that JunB, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, regulates epidermal stem cells and sebaceous glands through balancing proliferation and differentiation of progenitors and by suppressing lineage infidelity. JunB deficiency in basal progenitors results in a dermatitis-like syndrome resembling seborrheic dermatitis harboring structurally and functionally impaired sebaceous glands with a globally altered lipid profile. A fate switch occurs in a subset of JunB deficient epidermal progenitors during wound healing resulting in de novo formation of sebaceous glands. Dysregulated Notch signaling is identified to be causal for this phenotype. In fact, pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling can efficiently restore the lineage drift, impaired epidermal differentiation and disrupted barrier function in JunB conditional knockout mice. These findings define an unprecedented role for JunB in epidermal-pilosebaceous stem cell homeostasis and its pathology. Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by the activity of stem cells. Here, the authors show that deficiency of the transcription factor JunB leads to altered Notch signaling in stem cells, resulting in a cell fate switch and de novo formation of aberrant sebaceous glands, altered epidermal differentiation and impaired barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Linda Krug
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Abhijit Basu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Saira Munir
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Institute for Biochemistry II, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany. .,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany.
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany. .,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Hafen B, Wiesner S, Schlegelmilch K, Keller A, Seefried L, Ebert R, Walles H, Jakob F, Schütze N. Physical contact between mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial precursors induces distinct signatures with relevance to the very early phase of regeneration. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9122-9140. [PMID: 30105832 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent adult stem cells/precursor cells, especially of the mesenchymal and endothelial lineage, may have great potential for bone tissue engineering. Although their potential is highly recognized, not much is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that initiate the regeneration process, connect osteogenesis, and angiogenesis and, finally, orchestrate renewal of bone tissue. Our study addressed these questions by generating two in vitro cell culture models to examine the changes in the global gene expression patterns of endothelial precursor cells and mesenchymal stem cells after 24 hours of either humoral (conditioned medium) or direct cell-cell interaction (co-culture). Endothelial precursor cells were isolated from human buffy coat and mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow of the femoral head. The comparison of the treated and control cells by microarray analyses revealed in total more than 1500 regulated genes, which were analyzed for their affiliation to angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Expression array analyses at the RNA and protein level revealed data with respect to regulated genes, pathways and targets that may represent a valid basis for further dissection of the systems biology of regeneration processes. It may also be helpful for the reconstitution of the natural composition of a regenerative microenvironment when targeting tissue regeneration both in vitro and in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hafen
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Wiesner
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schlegelmilch
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Keller
- DNA Analytics Core Facility, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Seefried
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.,Translational Center Würzburg "Regenerative therapies in oncology and musculoskeletal disease," Würzburg branch of the Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, IGB, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Schütze
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Chacón-Martínez CA, Koester J, Wickström SA. Signaling in the stem cell niche: regulating cell fate, function and plasticity. Development 2018; 145:145/15/dev165399. [PMID: 30068689 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate along multiple lineages, driving tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Paradigms of unidirectional, hierarchical differentiation trajectories observed in embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells have traditionally been applied to tissue-resident stem cells. However, accumulating evidence implicates stemness as a bidirectional, dynamic state that is largely governed by the niche, which facilitates plasticity and adaptability to changing conditions. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms of cell fate regulation through niche-derived cues, with a particular focus on epithelial stem cells of the mammalian skin, intestine and lung. We discuss a spectrum of niche-derived biochemical, mechanical and architectural inputs that define stem cell states during morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration, and highlight how these diverse inputs influence stem cell plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andrés Chacón-Martínez
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janis Koester
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany .,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Celià-Terrassa T, Kang Y. Metastatic niche functions and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:868-877. [PMID: 30050120 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is an inefficient process, especially during colonization at a distant organ. This bottleneck underlies the importance of the metastatic niche for seeding and outgrowth of metastases. Here, we classify the common functions of different metastatic niches: anchorage, survival support, protection from external insults, licensing proliferation and outgrowth. We highlight the emerging role of the metastatic niche in maintaining cancer stemness and promoting immune evasion, and discuss therapeutic opportunities against the metastatic niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Gao H, Zhang X, Chen C, Li K, Ding D. Unity Makes Strength: How Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens Advance the Biomedical Field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering; A*STAR; Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Guangdong 510855 China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Herrera SC, Bach EA. JNK signaling triggers spermatogonial dedifferentiation during chronic stress to maintain the germline stem cell pool in the Drosophila testis. eLife 2018; 7:e36095. [PMID: 29985130 PMCID: PMC6070334 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion of stem cells is a hallmark of aging. In the Drosophila testis, dedifferentiated germline stem cells (GSCs) derived from spermatogonia increase during lifespan, leading to the model that dedifferentiation counteracts the decline of GSCs in aged males. To test this, we blocked dedifferentiation by mis-expressing the differentiation factor bag of marbles (bam) in spermatogonia while lineage-labeling these cells. Strikingly, blocking bam-lineage dedifferentiation under normal conditions in virgin males has no impact on the GSC pool. However, in mated males or challenging conditions, inhibiting bam-lineage dedifferentiation markedly reduces the number of GSCs and their ability to proliferate and differentiate. We find that bam-lineage derived GSCs have significantly higher proliferation rates than sibling GSCs in the same testis. We determined that Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity is autonomously required for bam-lineage dedifferentiation. Overall, we show that dedifferentiation provides a mechanism to maintain the germline and ensure fertility under chronically stressful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika A Bach
- New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell BiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Zhou K, Feng B, Wang W, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Zhou G, Jiang T, Cao Y, Liu W. Nanoscaled and microscaled parallel topography promotes tenogenic differentiation of ASC and neotendon formation in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3867-3881. [PMID: 30013341 PMCID: PMC6038871 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topography at different scales plays an important role in directing mesenchymal stem cell differentiation including adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and the differential effect remains to be investigated. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the similarity and difference between micro- and nanoscaled aligned topography for inducing tenogenic differentiation of human ASCs (hASCs). Methods Parallel microgrooved PDMS membrane and a parallel aligned electrospun nanofibers of gelatin/poly-ε-caprolactone mixture were employed as the models for the study. Results Aligned topographies of both microscales and nanoscales could induce an elongated cell shape with parallel alignment, as supported by quantitative cell morphology analysis (cell area, cell body aspect, and cell body major axis angle). qPCR analysis also demonstrated that the aligned topography at both scales could induce the gene expressions of various tenogenic markers at the 7th day of in vitro culture including tenomodulin, collagen I and collagen VI, decorin, tenascin-C and biglycan, but with upregulated expression of scleraxis and tenascin-C only in microscaled topography. Additionally, tenogenic differentiation at the 3rd day was confirmed only at microscale. Furthermore, microscaled topography was confirmed for its tenogenic induction at tissue level as neotendon tissue was formed with the evidence of mature type I collagen fibers only in parallel aligned polyglycolic acid (PGA) microfibers after in vitro culture with mouse ASCs. Instead, only fat tissue was formed in random patterned PGA microfibers. Conclusion Both microscaled and nanoscaled aligned topographies could induce tenogenic differentiation of hASCs and micro-scaled topography seemed better able to induce elongated cell shape and stable tenogenic marker expression when compared to nanoscaled topography. The microscaled inductive effect was also confirmed at tissue level by neotendon formation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Bei Feng
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yongkang Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
The Mesenchymal Niche of the Hair Follicle Induces Regeneration by Releasing Primed Progenitors from Inhibitory Effects of Quiescent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 24:909-921.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
247
|
Location, Isolation, and Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adult Human Sweat Glands. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2090276. [PMID: 29983714 PMCID: PMC6015687 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2090276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweat glands (SGs) are spread over almost the entire surface of the human body and are essential for thermoregulation. Theoretically, tissue-specific stem cells (TSSCs) are excellent candidate cells for the regeneration of SGs due to their genetic stability and differentiation ability. Herein, we attempted to isolate TSSCs derived from adult human sweat glands (ahSGs). ahSGs were localized and identified by H&E staining, double immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and immuno-TEM. We found a population of cells with stem cell characteristics (SGSCs), located in basal myoepithelial cells of the secretory portion of the solenoid bulb. The SGSCs expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and showed the typical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a positive antigen profile for CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105, and had the multilineage differentiation potential to osteoblasts and adipocytes. In addition, the isolated α-SMA positive cells remained stably phenotypic and proliferative cycles at passage 12. This is the first report of successful isolation of MSC-like cells from ahSGs, which may contribute to wound repair and SG regeneration.
Collapse
|
248
|
Islam MM, Hossain ML, Diba F, Hasan MZ, Juliana FM, Asaduzzaman SM. The Combined Effect of Amniotic Membrane and Moringa oleifera Leaves Derived Gel for Wound and Burn Healing in Rat Model. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
249
|
Nicholson AM, Olpe C, Hoyle A, Thorsen AS, Rus T, Colombé M, Brunton-Sim R, Kemp R, Marks K, Quirke P, Malhotra S, Ten Hoopen R, Ibrahim A, Lindskog C, Myers MB, Parsons B, Tavaré S, Wilkinson M, Morrissey E, Winton DJ. Fixation and Spread of Somatic Mutations in Adult Human Colonic Epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:909-918.e8. [PMID: 29779891 PMCID: PMC5989058 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the means and timing by which mutations become fixed in the human colonic epithelium by visualizing somatic clones and mathematical inference. Fixation requires two sequential steps. First, one of approximately seven active stem cells residing within each colonic crypt has to be mutated. Second, the mutated stem cell has to replace neighbors to populate the entire crypt in a process that takes several years. Subsequent clonal expansion due to crypt fission is infrequent for neutral mutations (around 0.7% of all crypts undergo fission in a single year). Pro-oncogenic mutations subvert both stem cell replacement to accelerate fixation and clonal expansion by crypt fission to achieve high mutant allele frequencies with age. The benchmarking of these behaviors allows the advantage associated with different gene-specific mutations to be compared irrespective of the cellular mechanisms by which they are conferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Nicholson
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Cora Olpe
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice Hoyle
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ann-Sofie Thorsen
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Teja Rus
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Mathilde Colombé
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | - Richard Kemp
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kate Marks
- Pathology and Tumour Biology, Level 4, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Phil Quirke
- Pathology and Tumour Biology, Level 4, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | | | - Ashraf Ibrahim
- Department of Histopathology, Box 235, CUHFT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Meagan B Myers
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, HFT-120, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Barbara Parsons
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, HFT-120, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Norwich Research Park BioRepository, James Watson Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Edward Morrissey
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Douglas J Winton
- Cancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Kashatus DF. The regulation of tumor cell physiology by mitochondrial dynamics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:9-16. [PMID: 28676396 PMCID: PMC5748380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics are increasingly recognized to play an important role in regulating mitochondrial function in response to diverse stimuli. Given the overlap in the physiological processes influenced by mitochondria and the physiological processes disrupted in tumor cells, we speculate that tumor cells alter mitochondrial shape to promote the tumorigenic phenotype. Here, we briefly review the evidence linking changes in mitochondrial fusion and fission to a number of key tumorigenic processes, including metabolic rewiring, inhibition of cell death, cell migration, cell proliferation and self-renewal capacity. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in tumor growth is an important emerging area of research, a better understanding of which may lead to promising new therapeutic options for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David F Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|