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Carrera C, Cavallari E, Digilio G, Bondar O, Aime S, Reineri F. ParaHydrogen Polarized Ethyl-[1- 13 C]pyruvate in Water, a Key Substrate for Fostering the PHIP-SAH Approach to Metabolic Imaging. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1042-1048. [PMID: 33720491 PMCID: PMC8251755 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of vinyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate has been reported, from which 13 C hyperpolarized (HP) ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate has been obtained by means of ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP). Due to the intrinsic lability of pyruvate, which leads quickly to degradation of the reaction mixture even under mild reaction conditions, the vinyl-ester has been synthesized through the intermediacy of a more stable ketal derivative. 13 C and 1 H hyperpolarizations of ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate, hydrogenated using ParaHydrogen, have been compared to those observed on the more widely used allyl-derivative. It has been demonstrated that the spin order transfer from ParaHydrogen protons to 13 C, is more efficient on the ethyl than on the allyl-esterdue to the larger J-couplings involved. The main requirements needed for the biological application of this HP product have been met, i. e. an aqueous solution of the product at high concentration (40 mM) with a good 13 C polarization level (4.8 %) has been obtained. The in vitro metabolic transformation of the HP ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate, catalyzed by an esterase, has been observed. This substrate appears to be a good candidate for in vivo metabolic investigations using PHIP hyperpolarized probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and BioimagingNational Research CouncilVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic InnovationUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”Viale Teresa Michel 1115121AlessandriaItaly
| | - Oksana Bondar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
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202
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Perkons NR, Johnson O, Pilla G, Gade TPF. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]-pyruvate in a translational oncologic model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4502. [PMID: 33772910 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate in a translational cancer model in order to inform the application of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) as a tool for imaging liver cancer. Intratumoral metabolism within autochthonous hepatocellular carcinomas in male Wistar rats was analyzed by MRSI following hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate injections with 80 mM (low dose [LD]) or 160 mM (high dose [HD]) pyruvate. Rats received (i) LD followed by HD injection, (ii) sequential LD injections with or without an interposed lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (LDHi) injection, or (iii) a single LD injection. A subset of rats in (ii) were sacrificed immediately after imaging, permitting measurement of active LDH concentrations in tumor extracts. Urine and serum were collected before and after injections for rats in (iii). Comparison of LD and HD injections confirmed concentration-dependent variation of intratumoral metabolite fractions and intermetabolite ratios. In addition, quantification of the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition with intermetabolite ratios correlating with active LDH concentrations in tumor extracts. Finally, comparison of pre- and post-DNP urine collections revealed that pyruvate and the radical source are renally excreted after injection. These data demonstrate that DNP-MRSI facilitates real-time quantification of intratumoral metabolism that is repeatable and reflective of intracellular processes. A translational model system confirmed that interpretation requires consideration of probe dose, administration frequency and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Perkons
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Omar Johnson
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabrielle Pilla
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Terence P F Gade
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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203
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Fala M, Somai V, Dannhorn A, Hamm G, Gibson K, Couturier D, Hesketh R, Wright AJ, Takats Z, Bunch J, Barry ST, Goodwin RJA, Brindle KM. Comparison of 13 C MRI of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate and lactate with the corresponding mass spectrometry images in a murine lymphoma model. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:3027-3035. [PMID: 33421253 PMCID: PMC7986146 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare carbon-13 (13 C) MRSI of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate metabolism in a murine tumor model with mass spectrometric (MS) imaging of the corresponding tumor sections in order to cross validate these metabolic imaging techniques and to investigate the effects of pyruvate delivery and tumor lactate concentration on lactate labeling. METHODS [1-13 C]lactate images were obtained from tumor-bearing mice, following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate, using a single-shot 3D 13 C spectroscopic imaging sequence in vivo and using desorption electrospray ionization MS imaging of the corresponding rapidly frozen tumor sections ex vivo. The images were coregistered, and levels of association were determined by means of Spearman rank correlation and Cohen kappa coefficients as well as linear mixed models. The correlation between [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate in the MRS images and between [12 C] and [1-13 C]lactate in the MS images were determined by means of Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS [1-13 C]lactate images generated by MS imaging were significantly correlated with the corresponding MRS images. The correlation coefficient between [1-13 C]lactate and [1-13 C]pyruvate in the MRS images was higher than between [1-13 C]lactate and [12 C]lactate in the MS images. CONCLUSION The inhomogeneous distribution of labeled lactate observed in the MRS images was confirmed by MS imaging of the corresponding tumor sections. The images acquired using both techniques show that the rate of 13 C label exchange between the injected pyruvate and endogenous tumor lactate pool is more correlated with the rate of pyruvate delivery to the tumor cells and is less affected by the endogenous lactate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fala
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Vencel Somai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Cambridge, School of Clinical MedicineCambridge Biomedical CampusUnited Kingdom
| | - Andreas Dannhorn
- Imaging and Data AnalyticsClinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and Data AnalyticsClinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Katherine Gibson
- Imaging and Data AnalyticsClinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Hesketh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and ReproductionImperial College LondonSir Alexander Fleming BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE‐MSI)National Physical LaboratoryTeddingtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Bioscience, Discovery, Oncology R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Imaging and Data AnalyticsClinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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204
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Diagnostic performance of PET/CT and PET/MR in the management of ovarian carcinoma-a literature review. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:2323-2349. [PMID: 33175199 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a challenging disease. It often presents at an advanced stage with frequent recurrence despite optimal management. Accurate staging and restaging are critical for improving treatment outcomes and determining the prognosis. Imaging is an indispensable component of ovarian cancer management. Hybrid imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are emerging as potential non-invasive imaging tools for improved management of ovarian cancer. This review article discusses the role of PET/CT and PET/MRI in ovarian cancer.
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205
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Drago D, Andolfo A, Mosca E, Orro A, Nocera L, Cucchiara V, Bellone M, Montorsi F, Briganti A. A novel expressed prostatic secretion (EPS)-urine metabolomic signature for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0617. [PMID: 34037347 PMCID: PMC8185872 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Significant efforts are currently being made to identify novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer (PCa). Metabolomics can be a very useful approach in biomarker discovery because metabolites are an important read-out of the disease when characterized in biological samples. We aimed to determine a metabolomic signature which can accurately distinguish men with clinically significant PCa from those affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS We first performed untargeted metabolomics using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry on expressed prostatic secretion urine (EPS-urine) from 25 patients affected by BPH and 25 men with clinically significant PCa (defined as Gleason score ≥ 3 + 4). Diagnosis was histologically confirmed after surgical treatment. The EPS-urine metabolomic approach was then applied to a larger, prospective cohort of 92 consecutive patients undergoing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for clinical suspicion of PCa prior to biopsy. RESULTS We established a novel metabolomic signature capable of accurately distinguishing PCa from benign tissue. A metabolomic signature was associated with clinically significant PCa in all subgroups of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) classification (100% and 89.13% of accuracy when the PI-RADS was in range of 1-2 and 4-5, respectively, and 87.50% in the more critical cases when the PI-RADS was 3). CONCLUSIONS A combination of metabolites and clinical variables can effectively help in identifying PCa patients that might be overlooked by current imaging technologies. Metabolites from EPS-urine should help in defining the diagnostic pathway of PCa, thus improving PCa detection and decreasing the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Drago
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Ettore Mosca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Luigi Nocera
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Vito Cucchiara
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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206
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McGee KP, Hwang KP, Sullivan DC, Kurhanewicz J, Hu Y, Wang J, Li W, Debbins J, Paulson E, Olsen JR, Hua CH, Warner L, Ma D, Moros E, Tyagi N, Chung C. Magnetic resonance biomarkers in radiation oncology: The report of AAPM Task Group 294. Med Phys 2021; 48:e697-e732. [PMID: 33864283 PMCID: PMC8361924 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A magnetic resonance (MR) biologic marker (biomarker) is a measurable quantitative characteristic that is an indicator of normal biological and pathogenetic processes or a response to therapeutic intervention derived from the MR imaging process. There is significant potential for MR biomarkers to facilitate personalized approaches to cancer care through more precise disease targeting by quantifying normal versus pathologic tissue function as well as toxicity to both radiation and chemotherapy. Both of which have the potential to increase the therapeutic ratio and provide earlier, more accurate monitoring of treatment response. The ongoing integration of MR into routine clinical radiation therapy (RT) planning and the development of MR guided radiation therapy systems is providing new opportunities for MR biomarkers to personalize and improve clinical outcomes. Their appropriate use, however, must be based on knowledge of the physical origin of the biomarker signal, the relationship to the underlying biological processes, and their strengths and limitations. The purpose of this report is to provide an educational resource describing MR biomarkers, the techniques used to quantify them, their strengths and weakness within the context of their application to radiation oncology so as to ensure their appropriate use and application within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiaran P McGee
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ken-Pin Hwang
- Department of Imaging Physics, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel C Sullivan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yanle Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Josef Debbins
- Department of Radiology, Barrow Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric Paulson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Olsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Chia-Ho Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eduardo Moros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Neelam Tyagi
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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207
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Stewart NJ, Nakano H, Sugai S, Tomohiro M, Kase Y, Uchio Y, Yamaguchi T, Matsuo Y, Naganuma T, Takeda N, Nishimura I, Hirata H, Hashimoto T, Matsumoto S. Hyperpolarized 13 C Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Fumarate Metabolism by Parahydrogen-induced Polarization: A Proof-of-Concept in vivo Study. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:915-923. [PMID: 33590933 PMCID: PMC8251594 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13 C]fumarate is a promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker for cellular necrosis, which plays an important role in various disease and cancerous pathological processes. To demonstrate the feasibility of MRI of [1-13 C]fumarate metabolism using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), a low-cost alternative to dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP), a cost-effective and high-yield synthetic pathway of hydrogenation precursor [1-13 C]acetylenedicarboxylate (ADC) was developed. The trans-selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction of ADC using a ruthenium-based catalyst was elucidated employing density functional theory (DFT) simulations. A simple PHIP set-up was used to generate hyperpolarized [1-13 C]fumarate at sufficient 13 C polarization for ex vivo detection of hyperpolarized 13 C malate metabolized from fumarate in murine liver tissue homogenates, and in vivo 13 C MR spectroscopy and imaging in a murine model of acetaminophen-induced hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakano
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Shuto Sugai
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Mitsushi Tomohiro
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Yuki Kase
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Yoshiki Uchio
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Toru Yamaguchi
- Division of Computational ChemistryTransition State Technology Co. Ltd.2-16-1 Tokiwadai, UbeYamaguchi755-8611Japan
| | - Yujirou Matsuo
- Division of Computational ChemistryTransition State Technology Co. Ltd.2-16-1 Tokiwadai, UbeYamaguchi755-8611Japan
| | - Tatsuya Naganuma
- R&D DepartmentJapan REDOX Ltd.4-29-49-805 Chiyo, Hakata-kuFukuoka812-0044Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and MetabolismCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical University3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shiTochigi329-0498Japan
| | - Ikuya Nishimura
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center and Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceChiba University1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-kuChiba263-8522Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
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Crane JC, Gordon JW, Chen HY, Autry AW, Li Y, Olson MP, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ, Xu D. Hyperpolarized 13 C MRI data acquisition and analysis in prostate and brain at University of California, San Francisco. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4280. [PMID: 32189442 PMCID: PMC7501204 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on the expanding set of applications for hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP-13 C) MRI, this work aims to communicate standardized methodology implemented at the University of California, San Francisco, as a primer for conducting reproducible metabolic imaging studies of the prostate and brain. Current state-of-the-art HP-13 C acquisition, data processing/reconstruction and kinetic modeling approaches utilized in patient studies are presented together with the rationale underpinning their usage. Organized around spectroscopic and imaging-based methods, this guide provides an extensible framework for handling a variety of HP-13 C applications, which derives from two examples with dynamic acquisitions: 3D echo-planar spectroscopic imaging of the human prostate and frequency-specific 2D multislice echo-planar imaging of the human brain. Details of sequence-specific parameters and processing techniques contained in these examples should enable investigators to effectively tailor studies around individual-use cases. Given the importance of clinical integration in improving the utility of HP exams, practical aspects of standardizing data formats for reconstruction, analysis and visualization are also addressed alongside open-source software packages that enhance institutional interoperability and validation of methodology. To facilitate the adoption and further development of this methodology, example datasets and analysis pipelines have been made available in the supporting information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Crane
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Adam W Autry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Marram P Olson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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De Feyter HM, de Graaf RA. Deuterium metabolic imaging - Back to the future. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 326:106932. [PMID: 33902815 PMCID: PMC8083995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic spectroscopy (DMS) and imaging (DMI) have recently been described as simple and robust MR-based methods to map metabolism with high temporal and/or spatial resolution. The metabolic fate of a wide range of suitable deuterated substrates, including glucose and acetate, can be monitored with deuterium MR methods in which the favorable MR characteristics of deuterium prevent many of the complications that hamper other techniques. The short T1 relaxation times lead to good MR sensitivity, while the low natural abundance prevents the need for water or lipid suppression. The sparsity of the deuterium spectra in combination with the low resonance frequency provides relative immunity to magnetic field inhomogeneity. Taken together, these features combine into a highly robust metabolic imaging method that has strong potential to become a dominant MR research tool and a viable clinical imaging modality. This perspective reviews the history of deuterium as a metabolic tracer, the use of NMR as a detection method for deuterium in vitro and in vivo and the recent development of DMS and DMI. Following a review of the NMR characteristics and the biological effects of deuterium, the promising future of DMI is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk M De Feyter
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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210
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Abstract
Metabolism consists of a series of reactions that occur within cells of living organisms to sustain life. The process of metabolism involves many interconnected cellular pathways to ultimately provide cells with the energy required to carry out their function. The importance and the evolutionary advantage of these pathways can be seen as many remain unchanged by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. In eukaryotes, the metabolic pathways occur within the cytosol and mitochondria of cells with the utilisation of glucose or fatty acids providing the majority of cellular energy in animals. Metabolism is organised into distinct metabolic pathways to either maximise the capture of energy or minimise its use. Metabolism can be split into a series of chemical reactions that comprise both the synthesis and degradation of complex macromolecules known as anabolism or catabolism, respectively. The basic principles of energy consumption and production are discussed, alongside the biochemical pathways that make up fundamental metabolic processes for life.
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211
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Goodwin JS, Tsai LL, Mwin D, Coutinho de Souza P, Dialani S, Moon JT, Zhang Z, Grant AK, Ahmed M. In vivo detection of distal tumor glycolytic flux stimulated by hepatic ablation in a breast cancer model using hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 80:90-97. [PMID: 33901585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatic thermal ablation therapy can result in c-Met-mediated off-target stimulation of distal tumor growth. The purpose of this study was to determine if a similar effect on tumor metabolism could be detected in vivo with hyperpolarized 13C MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, female Fisher rats (n = 28, 120-150 g) were implanted with R3230 rat breast adenocarcinoma cells and assigned to either: sham surgery, hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA), or hepatic RFA + adjuvant c-Met inhibition with PHA-665752 (RFA + PHA). PHA-665752 was administered at 0.83 mg/kg at 24 h post-RFA. Tumor growth was measured daily. MRI was performed 24 h before and 72 h after treatment on 14 rats, and the conversion of 13C-pyruvate into 13C-lactate within each tumor was quantified as lactate:pyruvate ratio (LPR). Comparisons of tumor growth and LPR were performed using paired and unpaired t-tests. RESULTS Hepatic RFA alone resulted in increased growth of the distant tumor compared to sham treatment (0.50 ± 0.13 mm/day versus 0.11 ± 0.07 mm/day; p < 0.001), whereas RFA + PHA (0.06 ± 0.13 mm/day) resulted in no significant change from sham treatment (p = 0.28). A significant increase in LPR was seen following hepatic RFA (+0.016 ± 0.010, p = 0.02), while LPR was unchanged for sham treatment (-0.048 ± 0.051, p = 0.10) or RFA + PHA (0.003 ± 0.041, p = 0.90). CONCLUSION In vivo hyperpolarized 13C MRI can detect hepatic RFA-induced increase in lactate flux within a distant R3230 tumor, which correlates with increased tumor growth. Adjuvant inhibition of c-Met suppresses these off-target effects, supporting a role for the HGF/c-Met signaling axis in these tumorigenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Goodwin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; UT Austin Dell Medical School Transitional Program, 1400 IH-35, CEC 2.404, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Leo L Tsai
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - David Mwin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patricia Coutinho de Souza
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Genmab, 777 Scudders Mill Rd, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Svayam Dialani
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Northwestern University, 2145 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - John T Moon
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Interventional Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aaron K Grant
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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212
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Elliott SJ, Cala O, Stern Q, Cousin SF, Eshchenko D, Melzi R, Kempf JG, Jannin S. Pulse sequence and sample formulation optimization for dipolar order mediated 1H→ 13C cross-polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9457-9465. [PMID: 33885108 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated the use of contactless radiofrequency pulse sequences under dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization conditions as an attractive way of transferring polarization from sensitive 1H spins to insensitive 13C spins with low peak radiofrequency pulse powers and energies via a reservoir of dipolar order. However, many factors remain to be investigated and optimized to enable the full potential of this polarization transfer process. We demonstrate herein the optimization of several key factors by: (i) implementing more efficient shaped radiofrequency pulses; (ii) adapting 13C spin labelling; and (iii) avoiding methyl group relaxation sinks. Experimental demonstrations are presented for the case of [1-13C]sodium acetate and other relevant molecular candidates. By employing the range of approaches set out above, polarization transfer using the dipolar order mediated cross-polarization radiofrequency pulse sequence is improved by factors approaching ∼1.65 compared with previous results. Dipolar order mediated 1H→13C polarization transfer efficiencies reaching ∼76% were achieved using significantly reduced peak radiofrequency pulse powers relative to the performance of highly sophisticated state-of-the-art cross-polarization methods, indicating 13C nuclear spin polarization levels on the order of ∼32.1% after 10 minutes of 1H DNP. The approach does not require extensive pulse sequence optimization procedures and can easily accommodate high concentrations of 13C-labelled molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Elliott
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - FRE 2034 Université de Lyon/CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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213
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Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Trofimov IA, Kabir MSH, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Synthesis and 15 N NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange of [ 15 N]Dalfampridine at Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:960-967. [PMID: 33738893 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) technique enables nuclear spin hyperpolarization of wide range of compounds using parahydrogen. Here we present the synthetic approach to prepare 15 N-labeled [15 N]dalfampridine (4-amino[15 N]pyridine) utilized as a drug to reduce the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. The synthesized compound was hyperpolarized using SABRE at microtesla magnetic fields (SABRE-SHEATH technique) with up to 2.0 % 15 N polarization. The 7-hour-long activation of SABRE pre-catalyst [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] in the presence of [15 N]dalfampridine can be remedied by the use of pyridine co-ligand for catalyst activation while retaining the 15 N polarization levels of [15 N]dalfampridine. The effects of experimental conditions such as polarization transfer magnetic field, temperature, concentration, parahydrogen flow rate and pressure on 15 N polarization levels of free and equatorial catalyst-bound [15 N]dalfampridine were investigated. Moreover, we studied 15 N polarization build-up and decay at magnetic field of less than 0.04 μT as well as 15 N polarization decay at the Earth's magnetic field and at 1.4 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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214
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Tang S, Meng MV, Slater JB, Gordon JW, Vigneron DB, Stohr BA, Larson PEZ, Wang ZJ. Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging in patients with renal tumors-Initial experience. Cancer 2021; 127:2693-2704. [PMID: 33844280 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal treatment selection for localized renal tumors is challenging because of their variable biologic behavior and limitations in the preoperative assessment of tumor aggressiveness. The authors investigated the emerging hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to noninvasively assess tumor lactate production, which is strongly associated with tumor aggressiveness. METHODS Eleven patients with renal tumors underwent HP 13 C pyruvate MRI before surgical resection. Tumor 13 C pyruvate and 13 C lactate images were acquired dynamically. Five patients underwent 2 scans on the same day to assess the intrapatient reproducibility of HP 13 C pyruvate MRI. Tumor metabolic data were compared with histopathology findings. RESULTS Eight patients had tumors with a sufficient metabolite signal-to-noise ratio for analysis; an insufficient tumor signal-to-noise ratio was noted in 2 patients, likely caused by poor tumor perfusion and, in 1 patient, because of technical errors. Of the 8 patients, 3 had high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), 3 had low-grade ccRCC, and 2 had chromophobe RCC. There was a trend toward a higher lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in high-grade ccRCCs compared with low-grade ccRCCs. Both chromophobe RCCs had relatively high lactate-to-pyruvate ratios. Good reproducibility was noted across the 5 patients who underwent 2 HP 13 C pyruvate MRI scans on the same day. CONCLUSIONS The current results demonstrate the feasibility of HP 13 C pyruvate MRI for investigating the metabolic phenotype of localized renal tumors. The initial data indicate good reproducibility of metabolite measurements. In addition, the metabolic data indicate a trend toward differentiating low-grade and high-grade ccRCCs, the most common subtype of renal cancer. LAY SUMMARY Renal tumors are frequently discovered incidentally because of the increased use of medical imaging, but it is challenging to identify which aggressive tumors should be treated. A new metabolic imaging technique was applied to noninvasively predict renal tumor aggressiveness. The imaging results were compared with tumor samples taken during surgery and showed a trend toward differentiating between low-grade and high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas, which are the most common type of renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Maxwell V Meng
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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215
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Wen Y, Qi H, Østergaard Mariager C, Mose Nielsen P, Bonde Bertelsen L, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:5-13. [PMID: 32280745 PMCID: PMC7138520 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic sex differences have recently been shown to be particularly important in tailoring treatment strategies. Sex has a major effect on fat turnover rates and plasma lipid delivery in the body. Differences in kidney structure and transporters between male and female animals have been found. Here we investigated sex-specific renal pyruvate metabolic flux and whole-kidney functional status in age-matched healthy Wistar rats. Blood oxygenation level–dependent and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to assess functional status. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was used to assess the metabolic differences between male and female rats. Female rats had a 41% ± 3% and 41% ± 5% lower absolute body and kidney weight, respectively, than age-matched male rats. No difference was seen between age-matched male and female rats in the kidney-to-body weight ratio. A 56% ± 11% lower lactate production per mL/100 mL/min was found in female rats than in age-matched male rats measured by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance and DCE MRI. Female rats had a 33% ± 11% higher glomerular filtration rate than age-matched male rats measured by DCE MRI. A similar renal oxygen tension (T2*) was found between age-matched male and female rats as shown by blood oxygenation level–dependent MRI. The results were largely independent of the pyruvate volume and the difference in body weight. This study shows an existing metabolic difference between kidneys in age-matched male and female rats, which indicates that sex differences need to be considered when performing animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
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216
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Nguyen NT, Bae EH, Do LN, Nguyen TA, Park I, Shin SS. In Vivo Assessment of Metabolic Abnormality in Alport Syndrome Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C] Pyruvate MR Spectroscopic Imaging. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040222. [PMID: 33917329 PMCID: PMC8067337 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport Syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired kidney function. The development of a noninvasive tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of renal function during disease progression is of clinical importance. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is an emerging technique that enables non-invasive, real-time measurement of in vivo metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using this technique for assessing changes in renal metabolism in the mouse model of AS. Mice with AS demonstrated a significant reduction in the level of lactate from 4- to 7-week-old, while the levels of lactate were unchanged in the control mice over time. This reduction in lactate production in the AS group accompanied a significant increase of PEPCK expression levels, indicating that the disease progression in AS triggered the gluconeogenic pathway and might have resulted in a decreased lactate pool size and a subsequent reduction in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. Additional metabolic imaging parameters, including the level of lactate and pyruvate, were found to be different between the AS and control groups. These preliminary results suggest that hyperpolarized 13C MRI might provide a potential noninvasive tool for the characterization of disease progression in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Trong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Eun-Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Luu-Ngoc Do
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Tien-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-62-220-5744 (I.P.); +82-62-220-5882 (S.-S.S.)
| | - Sang-Soo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-62-220-5744 (I.P.); +82-62-220-5882 (S.-S.S.)
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217
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Ma J, Chen J, Reed GD, Hackett EP, Harrison CE, Ratnakar J, Schulte RF, Zaha VG, Malloy CR, Park JM. Cardiac T 2 ∗ measurement of hyperpolarized 13 C metabolites using metabolite-selective multi-echo spiral imaging. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1494-1504. [PMID: 33821504 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Noninvasive imaging with hyperpolarized (HP) pyruvate can capture in vivo cardiac metabolism. For proper quantification of the metabolites and optimization of imaging parameters, understanding MR characteristics such as T 2 ∗ s of the HP signals is critical. This study is to measure in vivo cardiac T 2 ∗ s of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate and the products in rodents and humans. METHODS A dynamic 13 C multi-echo spiral imaging sequence that acquires [13 C]bicarbonate, [1-13 C]lactate, and [1-13 C]pyruvate images in an interleaved manner was implemented for a clinical 3 Tesla system. T 2 ∗ of each metabolite was calculated from the multi-echo images by fitting the signal decay of each region of interest mono-exponentially. The performance of measuring T 2 ∗ using the sequence was first validated using a 13 C phantom and then with rodents following a bolus injection of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate. In humans, T 2 ∗ of each metabolite was calculated for left ventricle, right ventricle, and myocardium. RESULTS Cardiac T 2 ∗ s of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate, [1-13 C]lactate, and [13 C]bicarbonate in rodents were measured as 24.9 ± 5.0, 16.4 ± 4.7, and 16.9 ± 3.4 ms, respectively. In humans, T 2 ∗ of [1-13 C]pyruvate was 108.7 ± 22.6 ms in left ventricle and 129.4 ± 8.9 ms in right ventricle. T 2 ∗ of [1-13 C]lactate was 40.9 ± 8.3, 44.2 ± 5.5, and 43.7 ± 9.0 ms in left ventricle, right ventricle, and myocardium, respectively. T 2 ∗ of [13 C]bicarbonate in myocardium was 64.4 ± 2.5 ms. The measurements were reproducible and consistent over time after the pyruvate injection. CONCLUSION The proposed metabolite-selective multi-echo spiral imaging sequence reliably measures in vivo cardiac T 2 ∗ s of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Edward P Hackett
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Crystal E Harrison
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Vlad G Zaha
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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218
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Vaeggemose M, F. Schulte R, Laustsen C. Comprehensive Literature Review of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI: The Road to Clinical Application. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040219. [PMID: 33916803 PMCID: PMC8067176 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the development of hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 metabolic MRI from the early days to the present with a focus on clinical applications. The status and upcoming challenges of translating HP carbon-13 into clinical application are reviewed, along with the complexity, technical advancements, and future directions. The road to clinical application is discussed regarding clinical needs and technological advancements, highlighting the most recent successes of metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI. Given the current state of hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI, the conclusion of this review is that the workflow for hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI is the limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaeggemose
- GE Healthcare, 2605 Brondby, Denmark;
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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219
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pH Dependence of T2 for Hyperpolarizable 13C-Labelled Small Molecules Enables Spatially Resolved pH Measurement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040327. [PMID: 33918366 PMCID: PMC8067065 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging often uses spin-echo-based pulse sequences that are sensitive to the transverse relaxation time T2. In this context, local T2-changes might introduce a quantification bias to imaging biomarkers. Here, we investigated the pH dependence of the apparent transverse relaxation time constant (denoted here as T2) of six 13C-labelled molecules. We obtained minimum and maximum T2 values within pH 1–13 at 14.1 T: [1-13C]acetate (T2,min = 2.1 s; T2,max = 27.7 s), [1-13C]alanine (T2,min = 0.6 s; T2,max = 10.6 s), [1,4-13C2]fumarate (T2,min = 3.0 s; T2,max = 18.9 s), [1-13C]lactate (T2,min = 0.7 s; T2,max = 12.6 s), [1-13C]pyruvate (T2,min = 0.1 s; T2,max = 18.7 s) and 13C-urea (T2,min = 0.1 s; T2,max = 0.1 s). At 7 T, T2-variation in the physiological pH range (pH 6.8–7.8) was highest for [1-13C]pyruvate (ΔT2 = 0.95 s/0.1pH) and [1-13C]acetate (ΔT2 = 0.44 s/0.1pH). Concentration, salt concentration, and temperature alterations caused T2 variations of up to 45.4% for [1-13C]acetate and 23.6% for [1-13C]pyruvate. For [1-13C]acetate, spatially resolved pH measurements using T2-mapping were demonstrated with 1.6 pH units accuracy in vitro. A strong proton exchange-based pH dependence of T2 suggests that pH alterations potentially influence signal strength for hyperpolarized 13C-acquisitions.
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220
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Sapir G, Shaul D, Lev-Cohain N, Sosna J, Gomori MJ, Katz-Brull R. LDH and PDH Activities in the Ischemic Brain and the Effect of Reperfusion-An Ex Vivo MR Study in Rat Brain Slices Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate. Metabolites 2021; 11:210. [PMID: 33808434 PMCID: PMC8066106 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause for neurologic disability worldwide, for which reperfusion is the only available treatment. Neuroimaging in stroke guides treatment, and therefore determines the clinical outcome. However, there are currently no imaging biomarkers for the status of the ischemic brain tissue. Such biomarkers could potentially be useful for guiding treatment in patients presenting with ischemic stroke. Hyperpolarized 13C MR of [1-13C]pyruvate is a clinically translatable method used to characterize tissue metabolism non-invasively in a relevant timescale. The aim of this study was to utilize hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to investigate the metabolic consequences of an ischemic insult immediately during reperfusion and upon recovery of the brain tissue. The rates of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were quantified by monitoring the rates of [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate production from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. 31P NMR of the perfused brain slices showed that this system is suitable for studying ischemia and recovery following reperfusion. This was indicated by the levels of the high-energy phosphates (tissue viability) and the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate signal (tissue pH). Acidification, which was observed during the ischemic insult, has returned to baseline level following reperfusion. The LDH/PDH activity ratio increased following ischemia, from 47.0 ± 12.7 in the control group (n = 6) to 217.4 ± 121.3 in the ischemia-reperfusion group (n = 6). Following the recovery period (ca. 1.5 h), this value had returned to its pre-ischemia (baseline) level, suggesting the LDH/PDH enzyme activity ratio may be used as a potential indicator for the status of the ischemic and recovering brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Naama Lev-Cohain
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Moshe J. Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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221
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Rodin BA, Eills J, Picazo-Frutos R, Sheberstov KF, Budker D, Ivanov KL. Constant-adiabaticity ultralow magnetic field manipulations of parahydrogen-induced polarization: application to an AA'X spin system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7125-7134. [PMID: 33876078 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized contrast agents is rapidly expanding, and parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is emerging as an inexpensive and easy-to-implement method for generating the required hyperpolarized biomolecules. Hydrogenative PHIP delivers hyperpolarized proton spin order to a substrate via chemical addition of H2 in the spin-singlet state, but it is typically necessary to transfer the proton polarization to a heteronucleus (usually 13C) which has a longer spin lifetime. Adiabatic ultralow magnetic field manipulations can be used to induce the polarization transfer, but this is necessarily a slow process, which is undesirable since the spins continually relax back to thermal equilibrium. Here we demonstrate two constant-adiabaticity field sweep methods, one in which the field passes through zero, and one in which the field is swept from zero, for optimal polarization transfer on a model AA'X spin system, [1-13C]fumarate. We introduce a method for calculating the constant-adiabaticity magnetic field sweeps, and demonstrate that they enable approximately one order of magnitude faster spin-order conversion compared to linear sweeps. The present method can thus be utilized to manipulate nonthermal order in heteronuclear spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan A Rodin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Rapid hyperpolarization and purification of the metabolite fumarate in aqueous solution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025383118. [PMID: 33753510 PMCID: PMC8020773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025383118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is hindered by inherently low sensitivity, which limits the method for the most part to observing water molecules in the body. Hyperpolarized molecules exhibit strongly enhanced MRI signals which opens the door for imaging low-concentration species in vivo. Biomolecules can be hyperpolarized and injected into a patient allowing for metabolism to be tracked in real time, greatly expanding the information available to the radiologist. Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a hyperpolarization method renowned for its low cost and accessibility, but is generally limited by low polarization levels, modest molecular concentrations, and contamination by polarization reagents. In this work we overcome these drawbacks in the production of PHIP-polarized [1-13C]fumarate, a biomarker of cell necrosis in metabolic 13C MRI. Hyperpolarized fumarate is a promising biosensor for carbon-13 magnetic resonance metabolic imaging. Such molecular imaging applications require nuclear hyperpolarization to attain sufficient signal strength. Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization is the current state-of-the-art methodology for hyperpolarizing fumarate, but this is expensive and relatively slow. Alternatively, this important biomolecule can be hyperpolarized in a cheap and convenient manner using parahydrogen-induced polarization. However, this process requires a chemical reaction, and the resulting solutions are contaminated with the catalyst, unreacted reagents, and reaction side-product molecules, and are hence unsuitable for use in vivo. In this work we show that the hyperpolarized fumarate can be purified from these contaminants by acid precipitation as a pure solid, and later redissolved to a desired concentration in a clean aqueous solvent. Significant advances in the reaction conditions and reactor equipment allow for formation of hyperpolarized fumarate at 13C polarization levels of 30–45%.
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223
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Predicting response to radiotherapy of intracranial metastases with hyperpolarized [Formula: see text]C MRI. J Neurooncol 2021; 152:551-557. [PMID: 33740165 PMCID: PMC8084843 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used to manage intracranial metastases in a significant fraction of patients. Local progression after SRS can often only be detected with increased volume of enhancement on serial MRI scans which may lag true progression by weeks or months. METHODS Patients with intracranial metastases (N = 11) were scanned using hyperpolarized [Formula: see text]C MRI prior to treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The status of each lesion was then recorded at six months post-treatment follow-up (or at the time of death). RESULTS The positive predictive value of [Formula: see text]C-lactate signal, measured pre-treatment, for prediction of progression of intracranial metastases at six months post-treatment with SRS was 0.8 [Formula: see text], and the AUC from an ROC analysis was 0.77 [Formula: see text]. The distribution of [Formula: see text]C-lactate z-scores was different for intracranial metastases from different primary cancer types (F = 2.46, [Formula: see text]). CONCLUSIONS Hyperpolarized [Formula: see text]C imaging has potential as a method for improving outcomes for patients with intracranial metastases, by identifying patients at high risk of treatment failure with SRS and considering other therapeutic options such as surgery.
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Hamachi T, Nishimura K, Kouno H, Kawashima Y, Tateishi K, Uesaka T, Kimizuka N, Yanai N. Porphyrins as Versatile, Aggregation-Tolerant, and Biocompatible Polarizing Agents for Triplet Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Biomolecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2645-2650. [PMID: 33689350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triplet dynamic nuclear polarization (triplet-DNP) achieves nuclear spin polarization at moderate temperatures by using spin polarization of photoexcited triplet electrons. The applications of triplet-DNP for biomolecules have been hampered because acenes, the only polarizing agents used so far, tend to aggregate and lose their polarization in biomolecular matrices. Here, we report for the first time use of porphyrins as polarizing agents of triplet-DNP and propose a new concept of aggregation-tolerant polarizing agents. Sodium salts of tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPPNa) can be dispersed in amorphous as well as crystalline biomolecular matrices, and importantly, it can generate polarized triplet electrons even in a slightly aggregated state. Triplet-DNP of crystalline erythritol containing slightly aggregated TCPPNa can achieve more than 120-fold signal enhancement. Because TCPPNa is also the first biocompatible triplet-DNP polarizing agent, this work provides a crucial step forward for the biological and medical applications of triplet-DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hironori Kouno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Tateishi
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uesaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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225
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Mishkovsky M, Gusyatiner O, Lanz B, Cudalbu C, Vassallo I, Hamou MF, Bloch J, Comment A, Gruetter R, Hegi ME. Hyperpolarized 13C-glucose magnetic resonance highlights reduced aerobic glycolysis in vivo in infiltrative glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5771. [PMID: 33707647 PMCID: PMC7952603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor type in adults. GBM is heterogeneous, with a compact core lesion surrounded by an invasive tumor front. This front is highly relevant for tumor recurrence but is generally non-detectable using standard imaging techniques. Recent studies demonstrated distinct metabolic profiles of the invasive phenotype in GBM. Magnetic resonance (MR) of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled probes is a rapidly advancing field that provides real-time metabolic information. Here, we applied hyperpolarized 13C-glucose MR to mouse GBM models. Compared to controls, the amount of lactate produced from hyperpolarized glucose was higher in the compact GBM model, consistent with the accepted "Warburg effect". However, the opposite response was observed in models reflecting the invasive zone, with less lactate produced than in controls, implying a reduction in aerobic glycolysis. These striking differences could be used to map the metabolic heterogeneity in GBM and to visualize the infiltrative front of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Mishkovsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Olga Gusyatiner
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Neurosurgery Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irene Vassallo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Neurosurgery Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-France Hamou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Neurosurgery Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Neurosurgery Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Comment
- General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire, HP8 4SP, UK
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monika E Hegi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Service of Neurosurgery Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Svyatova A, Kozinenko VP, Chukanov NV, Burueva DB, Chekmenev EY, Chen YW, Hwang DW, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. PHIP hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate and [1- 13C]acetate esters via PH-INEPT polarization transfer monitored by 13C NMR and MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5646. [PMID: 33707497 PMCID: PMC7952547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization of 13C nuclei by side-arm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) for [1-13C]acetate and [1-13C]pyruvate esters with application of PH-INEPT-type pulse sequences for 1H to 13C polarization transfer is reported, and its efficiency is compared with that of polarization transfer based on magnetic field cycling (MFC). The pulse-sequence transfer approach may have its merits in some applications because the entire hyperpolarization procedure is implemented directly in an NMR or MRI instrument, whereas MFC requires a controlled field variation at low magnetic fields. Optimization of the PH-INEPT-type transfer sequences resulted in 13C polarization values of 0.66 ± 0.04% and 0.19 ± 0.02% for allyl [1-13C]pyruvate and ethyl [1-13C]acetate, respectively, which is lower than the corresponding polarization levels obtained with MFC for 1H to 13C polarization transfer (3.95 ± 0.05% and 0.65 ± 0.05% for allyl [1-13C]pyruvate and ethyl [1-13C]acetate, respectively). Nevertheless, a significant 13C NMR signal enhancement with respect to thermal polarization allowed us to perform 13C MR imaging of both biologically relevant hyperpolarized molecules which can be used to produce useful contrast agents for the in vivo imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Svyatova
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.418953.2Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Ac. Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Vitaly P. Kozinenko
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Dudari B. Burueva
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ,grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ,grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Integrative Biosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Dennis W. Hwang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
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227
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Dagys L, Jagtap AP, Korchak S, Mamone S, Saul P, Levitt MH, Glöggler S. Nuclear hyperpolarization of (1- 13C)-pyruvate in aqueous solution by proton-relayed side-arm hydrogenation. Analyst 2021; 146:1772-1778. [PMID: 33475626 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We employ Parahydrogen Induced Polarization with Side-Arm Hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) to polarize (1-13C)-pyruvate. We introduce a new method called proton-relayed side-arm hydrogenation (PR-SAH) in which an intermediate proton is used to transfer polarization from the side-arm to the 13C-labelled site of the pyruvate before hydrolysis. This significantly reduces the cost and effort needed to prepare the precursor for radio-frequency transfer experiments while still maintaining acceptable polarization transfer efficiency. Experimentally we have attained on average 4.33% 13C polarization in an aqueous solution of (1-13C)-pyruvate after about 10 seconds of cleavage and extraction. PR-SAH is a promising pulsed NMR method for hyperpolarizing 13C-labelled metabolites in solution, conducted entirely in high magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Dagys
- School of chemistry, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK.
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip Saul
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malcolm H Levitt
- School of chemistry, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK.
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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228
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Oshima N, Ishida R, Kishimoto S, Beebe K, Brender JR, Yamamoto K, Urban D, Rai G, Johnson MS, Benavides G, Squadrito GL, Crooks D, Jackson J, Joshi A, Mott BT, Shrimp JH, Moses MA, Lee MJ, Yuno A, Lee TD, Hu X, Anderson T, Kusewitt D, Hathaway HH, Jadhav A, Picard D, Trepel JB, Mitchell JB, Stott GM, Moore W, Simeonov A, Sklar LA, Norenberg JP, Linehan WM, Maloney DJ, Dang CV, Waterson AG, Hall M, Darley-Usmar VM, Krishna MC, Neckers LM. Dynamic Imaging of LDH Inhibition in Tumors Reveals Rapid In Vivo Metabolic Rewiring and Vulnerability to Combination Therapy. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1798-1810.e4. [PMID: 32049011 PMCID: PMC7039685 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliance of many cancers on aerobic glycolysis has stimulated efforts to develop lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors. However, despite significant efforts, LDH inhibitors (LDHi) with sufficient specificity and in vivo activity to determine whether LDH is a feasible drug target are lacking. We describe an LDHi with potent, on-target, in vivo activity. Using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (HP-MRSI), we demonstrate in vivo LDH inhibition in two glycolytic cancer models, MIA PaCa-2 and HT29, and we correlate depth and duration of LDH inhibition with direct anti-tumor activity. HP-MRSI also reveals a metabolic rewiring that occurs in vivo within 30 min of LDH inhibition, wherein pyruvate in a tumor is redirected toward mitochondrial metabolism. Using HP-MRSI, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial complex 1 rapidly redirects tumor pyruvate toward lactate. Inhibition of both mitochondrial complex 1 and LDH suppresses metabolic plasticity, causing metabolic quiescence in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobu Oshima
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryo Ishida
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin Beebe
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Urban
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gloria Benavides
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Giuseppe L Squadrito
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dan Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Jackson
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abhinav Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bryan T Mott
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael A Moses
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Akira Yuno
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tobie D Lee
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Tamara Anderson
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Donna Kusewitt
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Helen H Hathaway
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Didier Picard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gordon M Stott
- Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 24060, USA
| | - William Moore
- Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 24060, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Maloney
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Matthew Hall
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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229
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Woitek R, Gallagher FA. The use of hyperpolarised 13C-MRI in clinical body imaging to probe cancer metabolism. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1187-1198. [PMID: 33504974 PMCID: PMC8007617 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer and includes the Warburg effect, which is exhibited by many tumours. This can be exploited by positron emission tomography (PET) as part of routine clinical cancer imaging. However, an emerging and alternative method to detect altered metabolism is carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following injection of hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate. The technique increases the signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of hyperpolarised 13C-labelled metabolites by several orders of magnitude and facilitates the dynamic, noninvasive imaging of the exchange of 13C-pyruvate to 13C-lactate over time. The method has produced promising preclinical results in the area of oncology and is currently being explored in human imaging studies. The first translational studies have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of the technique in patients with prostate, renal, breast and pancreatic cancer, as well as revealing a successful response to treatment in breast and prostate cancer patients at an earlier stage than multiparametric MRI. This review will focus on the strengths of the technique and its applications in the area of oncological body MRI including noninvasive characterisation of disease aggressiveness, mapping of tumour heterogeneity, and early response assessment. A comparison of hyperpolarised 13C-MRI with state-of-the-art multiparametric MRI is likely to reveal the unique additional information and applications offered by the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Woitek
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
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230
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Stewart NJ, Matsumoto S. Biomedical Applications of the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and Parahydrogen Induced Polarization Techniques for Hyperpolarized 13C MR Imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2021; 20:1-17. [PMID: 31902907 PMCID: PMC7952198 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2019-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first pioneering report of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Warburg effect in prostate cancer patients, clinical dissemination of the technique has been rapid; close to 10 sites worldwide now possess a polarizer fit for the clinic, and more than 30 clinical trials, predominantly for oncological applications, are already registered on the US and European clinical trials databases. Hyperpolarized 13C probes to study pathophysiological processes beyond the Warburg effect, including tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, intra-cellular pH and cellular necrosis have also been demonstrated in the preclinical arena and are pending clinical translation, and the simultaneous injection of multiple co-polarized agents is opening the door to high-sensitivity, multi-functional molecular MRI with a single dose. Here, we review the biomedical applications to date of the two polarization methods that have been used for in vivo hyperpolarized 13C molecular MRI; namely, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization and parahydrogen-induced polarization. The basic concept of hyperpolarization and the fundamental theory underpinning these two key 13C hyperpolarization methods, along with recent technological advances that have facilitated biomedical realization, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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231
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Anderson S, Grist JT, Lewis A, Tyler DJ. Hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive assessment of tissue inflammation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4460. [PMID: 33291188 PMCID: PMC7900961 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a central mechanism underlying numerous diseases and incorporates multiple known and potential future therapeutic targets. However, progress in developing novel immunomodulatory therapies has been slowed by a need for improvement in noninvasive biomarkers to accurately monitor the initiation, development and resolution of immune responses as well as their response to therapies. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging molecular imaging technique with the potential to assess immune cell responses by exploiting characteristic metabolic reprogramming in activated immune cells to support their function. Using specific metabolic tracers, hyperpolarized MRI can be used to produce detailed images of tissues producing lactate, a key metabolic signature in activated immune cells. This method has the potential to further our understanding of inflammatory processes across different diseases in human subjects as well as in preclinical models. This review discusses the application of hyperpolarized MRI to the imaging of inflammation, as well as the progress made towards the clinical translation of this emerging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Anderson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James T. Grist
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Radiology, The Churchill HospitalOxford University Hospitals TrustHeadingtonUK
| | - Andrew Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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232
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Lees H, Millan M, Ahamed F, Eskandari R, Granlund KL, Jeong S, Keshari KR. Multi-sample measurement of hyperpolarized pyruvate-to-lactate flux in melanoma cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4447. [PMID: 33314422 PMCID: PMC8288443 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate can be used to examine the metabolic state of cancer cells, highlighting a key metabolic characteristic of cancer: the upregulated metabolic flux to lactate, even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect). Thus, the rate constant of 13 C exchange of pyruvate to lactate, kPL , can serve as a metabolic biomarker of cancer presence, aggressiveness and therapy response. Established in vitro hyperpolarized experiments dissolve the probe for each cell sample independently, an inefficient process that consumes excessive time and resources. Expanding on our previous development of a microcoil with greatly increased detection sensitivity (103 -fold) compared with traditional in vitro methods, we present a novel microcoil equipped with a 10-μL vertical reservoir and an experimental protocol utilizing deuterated dissolution buffer to measure metabolic flux in multiple mass-limited cell suspension samples using a single dissolution. This method increases efficiency and potentially reduces the methodological variability associated with hyperpolarized experiments. This technique was used to measure pyruvate-to-lactate flux in melanoma cells to assess BRAF-inhibition treatment response. There was a significant reduction of kPL in BRAFV600E cells following 24 and 48 hours of treatment with 2 μM vemurafenib (P ≤ .05). This agrees with significant changes observed in the pool sizes of extracellular lactate (P ≤ .05) and glucose (P ≤ .001) following 6 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively, and a significant reduction in cell proliferation following 72 hours of treatment (P ≤ .01). BRAF inhibition had no significant effect on the metabolic flux of BRAFWT cells. These data demonstrate a 6-8-fold increase in efficiency for the measurement of kPL in cell suspension samples compared with traditional hyperpolarized in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lees
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Micaela Millan
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fayyaz Ahamed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristin L. Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Sun J, Bok RA, DeLos Santos J, Upadhyay D, DeLos Santos R, Agarwal S, Van Criekinge M, Vigneron DB, Aggarwal R, Peehl DM, Kurhanewicz J, Sriram R. Resistance to Androgen Deprivation Leads to Altered Metabolism in Human and Murine Prostate Cancer Cell and Tumor Models. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030139. [PMID: 33652703 PMCID: PMC7996870 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, no clinical methods reliably predict the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that occurs almost universally in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could potentially detect the incipient emergence of CRPC based on early metabolic changes. To characterize metabolic shifts occurring upon the transition from androgen-dependent to castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa), the metabolism of [U-13C]glucose and [U-13C]glutamine was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Comparison of steady-state metabolite concentrations and fractional enrichment in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the murine prostate (TRAMP) murine tumors versus castration-resistant PC-3 cells and treatment-driven CRPC TRAMP tumors demonstrated that CRPC was associated with upregulation of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid metabolism of pyruvate; and glutamine, glutaminolysis, and glutathione synthesis. These findings were supported by 13C isotopomer modeling showing increased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and anaplerosis; enzymatic assays showing increased lactate dehydrogenase, PDH and glutaminase activity; and oxygen consumption measurements demonstrating increased dependence on anaplerotic fuel sources for mitochondrial respiration in CRPC. Consistent with ex vivo metabolomic studies, HP [1-13C]pyruvate distinguished androgen-dependent PCa from CRPC in cell and tumor models based on significantly increased HP [1-13C]lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinny Sun
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Justin DeLos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Deepti Upadhyay
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Romelyn DeLos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Shubhangi Agarwal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.A.B.); (J.D.S.); (D.U.); (R.D.S.); (S.A.); (M.V.C.); (D.B.V.); (D.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (R.S.)
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Nantogma S, Joalland B, Wilkens K, Chekmenev EY. Clinical-Scale Production of Nearly Pure (>98.5%) Parahydrogen and Quantification by Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3594-3601. [PMID: 33539068 PMCID: PMC8011325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of the extensive chemical, physical, and biomedical applications of parahydrogen, the need exists for the development of highly enriched parahydrogen in a robust and efficient manner. Herein, we present a parahydrogen enrichment equipment which substantially improves upon the previous generators with its ability to enrich parahydrogen to >98.5% and a production rate of up to 4 standard liters per minute with the added advantage of real-time quantification. Our generator employs a pulsed injection system with a 3/16 in. outside diameter copper spiral tubing filled with iron-oxide catalyst. This tubing is mated to a custom-made copper attachment to provide efficient thermal coupling to the cold head. This device allows for robust operation at high pressures up to 34 atm. Real-time quantification by benchtop NMR spectroscopy is made possible by direct coupling of the p-H2 outlet from the generator to a 1.4 T NMR spectrometer using a regular 5 mm NMR tube that is continuously refilled with the exiting parahydrogen gas at ∼8 atm pressure. The use of high hydrogen gas pressure offers two critical NMR signal detection benefits: increased concentration and line narrowing. Our work presents a comprehensive description of the apparatus for a convenient and robust parahydrogen production, distribution, and quantification system, especially for parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization NMR research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Ken Wilkens
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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235
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Miyanishi K, Segawa T, Takeda K, Ohki I, Onoda S, Ohshima T, Abe H, Takashima H, Takeuchi S, Shames A, Morita K, Wang Y, So FK, Terada D, Igarashi R, Kagawa A, Kitagawa M, Mizuochi N, Shirakawa M, Negoro M. Room-temperature hyperpolarization of polycrystalline samples with optically polarized triplet electrons: pentacene or nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond? MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:33-48. [PMID: 37904782 PMCID: PMC10539752 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-33-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate room-temperature 13 C hyperpolarization by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using optically polarized triplet electron spins in two polycrystalline systems: pentacene-doped [carboxyl-13 C] benzoic acid and microdiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV- ) centers. For both samples, the integrated solid effect (ISE) is used to polarize the 13 C spin system in magnetic fields of 350-400 mT. In the benzoic acid sample, the 13 C spin polarization is enhanced by up to 0.12 % through direct electron-to-13 C polarization transfer without performing dynamic 1 H polarization followed by 1 H - 13 C cross-polarization. In addition, the ISE has been successfully applied to polarize naturally abundant 13 C spins in a microdiamond sample to 0.01 %. To characterize the buildup of the 13 C polarization, we discuss the efficiencies of direct polarization transfer between the electron and 13 C spins as well as that of 13 C - 13 C spin diffusion, examining various parameters which are beneficial or detrimental for successful bulk dynamic 13 C polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takuya F. Segawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kazuyuki Takeda
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Izuru Ohki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shinobu Onoda
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takashima
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takeuchi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Alexander I. Shames
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Kohki Morita
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Frederick T.-K. So
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Daiki Terada
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Akinori Kagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Norikazu Mizuochi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Negoro
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Reed GD, Ma J, Park JM, Schulte RF, Harrison CE, Chen AP, Pena S, Baxter J, Derner K, Tai M, Raza J, Liticker J, Hall RG, Dean Sherry A, Zaha VG, Malloy CR. Characterization and compensation of f 0 inhomogeneity artifact in spiral hyperpolarized 13 C imaging of the human heart. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:157-166. [PMID: 33547689 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the role of regional f 0 inhomogeneity in spiral hyperpolarized 13 C image quality and to develop measures to alleviate these effects. METHODS Field map correction of hyperpolarized 13 C cardiac imaging using spiral readouts was evaluated in healthy subjects. Spiral readouts with differing duration (26 and 45 ms) but similar resolution were compared with respect to off-resonance performance and image quality. An f 0 map-based image correction based on the multifrequency interpolation (MFI) method was implemented and compared to correction using a global frequency shift alone. Estimation of an unknown frequency shift was performed by maximizing a sharpness objective based on the Sobel variance. The apparent full width half at maximum (FWHM) of the myocardial wall on [13 C]bicarbonate was used to estimate blur. RESULTS Mean myocardial wall FWHM measurements were unchanged with the short readout pre-correction (14.1 ± 2.9 mm) and post-MFI correction (14.1 ± 3.4 mm), but significantly decreased in the long waveform (20.6 ± 6.6 mm uncorrected, 17.7 ± 7.0 corrected, P = .007). Bicarbonate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the images acquired with the long waveform were increased by 1.4 ± 0.3 compared to those acquired with the short waveform (predicted 1.32). Improvement of image quality was observed for all metabolites with f 0 correction. CONCLUSIONS f 0 -map correction reduced blur and recovered signal from dropouts, particularly along the posterior myocardial wall. The low image SNR of [13 C]bicarbonate can be compensated with longer duration readouts but at the expense of increased f 0 artifacts, which can be partially corrected for with the proposed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junjie Ma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | - Crystal E Harrison
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Salvador Pena
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeannie Baxter
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kelly Derner
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maida Tai
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jaffar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeff Liticker
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Astrazeneca, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ronald G Hall
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Vlad G Zaha
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
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237
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Joalland B, Ariyasingha NM, Younes HR, Nantogma S, Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Gelovani JG, Chekmenev EY. Low-Flammable Parahydrogen-Polarized MRI Contrast Agents. Chemistry 2021; 27:2774-2781. [PMID: 33112442 PMCID: PMC8030530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many MRI contrast agents formed with the parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique exhibit biocompatible profiles. In the context of respiratory imaging with inhalable molecular contrast agents, the development of nonflammable contrast agents would nonetheless be highly beneficial for the biomedical translation of this sensitive, high-throughput and affordable hyperpolarization technique. To this end, we assess the hydrogenation kinetics, the polarization levels and the lifetimes of PHIP hyperpolarized products (acids, ethers and esters) at various degrees of fluorine substitution. The results highlight important trends as a function of molecular structure that are instrumental for the design of new, safe contrast agents for in vivo imaging applications of the PHIP technique, with an emphasis on the highly volatile group of ethers used as inhalable anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Hassan R Younes
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentiev Prospekt 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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238
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Molecular Probes for Hyperpolarized Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14779-14799. [PMID: 32372551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization has emerged as a method to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy. By application of this powerful tool, small molecules with stable isotopes have been used for highly sensitive biomedical molecular imaging. The recent development of molecular probes for hyperpolarized in vivo analysis has demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide unique metabolic and physiological information. This review presents a brief introduction of hyperpolarization technology, approaches to the rational design of molecular probes for hyperpolarized analysis, and examples of molecules that have met with success in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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239
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Teleanu F, Sadet A, Vasos PR. Symmetry versus entropy: Long-lived states and coherences. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 122:63-75. [PMID: 33632418 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, new molecular symmetry-based approaches for magnetic resonance have been invented. The implications of these discoveries will be significant for molecular imaging via magnetic resonance, in vitro as well as in vivo, for quantum computing and for other fields. Since the initial observation in 2004 in Southampton that effective spin symmetry can be instilled in a molecule during magnetic resonance experiments, spin states that are resilient to relaxation mechanisms have been increasingly used. Most of these states are related to the nuclear singlet in a pair of J-coupled spins. Tailored relaxation rate constants for magnetization became available in molecules of different sizes and structures, as experimental developments broadened the scope of symmetry-adapted spin states. The ensuing access to timescales longer than the classically-attained ones by circa one order of magnitude allows the study of processes such as slow diffusion or slow exchange that were previously beyond reach. Long-lived states formed by differences between populations of singlets and triplets have overcome the limitations imposed by longitudinal relaxation times (T1) by factors up to 40. Long-lived coherences formed by superpositions of singlets and triplets have overcome the limit of classical transverse coherence (T2) by a factor 9. We present here an overview of the development and applications of long-lived states (LLS) and long-lived coherences (LLC's) and considerations on future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Teleanu
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, Laser Gamma Experiments Department (LGED), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania; College for Advanced Performance Studies, Babeș-Bolyai University, Mihail Kogălniceanu Street 1, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Interdisciplinary School of Doctoral Studies, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aude Sadet
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, Laser Gamma Experiments Department (LGED), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - Paul R Vasos
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, Laser Gamma Experiments Department (LGED), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania; Interdisciplinary School of Doctoral Studies, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest, Romania.
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240
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Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Svyatova A, Trofimov IA, Kabir MSH, Gelovani JG, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. 15 N NMR Hyperpolarization of Radiosensitizing Antibiotic Nimorazole by Reversible Parahydrogen Exchange in Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2406-2413. [PMID: 33063407 PMCID: PMC7855180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nimorazole belongs to the imidazole-based family of antibiotics to fight against anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, nimorazole is now in Phase 3 clinical trial in Europe for potential use as a hypoxia radiosensitizer for treatment of head and neck cancers. We envision the use of [15 N3 ]nimorazole as a theragnostic hypoxia contrast agent that can be potentially deployed in the next-generation MRI-LINAC systems. Herein, we report the first steps to create long-lasting (for tens of minutes) hyperpolarized state on three 15 N sites of [15 N3 ]nimorazole with T1 of up to ca. 6 minutes. The nuclear spin polarization was boosted by ca. 67000-fold at 1.4 T (corresponding to P15N of 3.2 %) by 15 N-15 N spin-relayed SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization technique, relying on simultaneous exchange of [15 N3 ]nimorazole and parahydrogen on polarization transfer Ir-IMes catalyst. The presented results pave the way to efficient spin-relayed SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization of a wide range of imidazole-based antibiotics and chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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241
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Reineri F, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S. Hydrogenative-PHIP polarized metabolites for biological studies. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 34:25-47. [PMID: 33527252 PMCID: PMC7910253 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ParaHydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, but its application to biological investigations has been hampered, so far, due to chemical challenges. PHIP is obtained by means of the addition of hydrogen, enriched in the para-spin isomer, to an unsaturated substrate. Both hydrogen atoms must be transferred to the same substrate, in a pairwise manner, by a suitable hydrogenation catalyst; therefore, a de-hydrogenated precursor of the target molecule is necessary. This has strongly limited the number of parahydrogen polarized substrates. The non-hydrogenative approach brilliantly circumvents this central issue, but has not been translated to in-vivo yet. Recent advancements in hydrogenative PHIP (h-PHIP) considerably widened the possibility to hyperpolarize metabolites and, in this review, we will focus on substrates that have been obtained by means of this method and used in vivo. Attention will also be paid to the requirements that must be met and on the issues that have still to be tackled to obtain further improvements and to push PHIP substrates in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
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242
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Shaul D, Azar A, Sapir G, Uppala S, Nardi-Schreiber A, Gamliel A, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. Correlation between lactate dehydrogenase/pyruvate dehydrogenase activities ratio and tissue pH in the perfused mouse heart: A potential noninvasive indicator of cardiac pH provided by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4444. [PMID: 33258527 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases account for more than 30% of all deaths worldwide and many could be ameliorated with early diagnosis. Current cardiac imaging modalities can assess blood flow, heart anatomy and mechanical function. However, for early diagnosis and improved treatment, further functional biomarkers are needed. One such functional biomarker could be the myocardium pH. Although tissue pH is already determinable via MR techniques, and has been since the early 1990s, it remains elusive to use practically. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility to evaluate cardiac pH noninvasively, using in-cell enzymatic rates of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate metabolism (ie, moles of product produced per unit time) determined directly in real time using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a perfused mouse heart model. As a gold standard for tissue pH we used 31 P spectroscopy and the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate (Pi) signal. The nonhomogenous pH distribution of the perfused heart was analyzed using a multi-parametric analysis of this signal, thus taking into account the heterogeneous nature of this characteristic. As opposed to the signal ratio of hyperpolarized [13 C]bicarbonate to [13 CO2 ], which has shown correlation to pH in other studies, we investigated here the ratio of two intracellular enzymatic rates: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), by way of determining the production rates of [1-13 C]lactate and [13 C]bicarbonate, respectively. The enzyme activities determined here are intracellular, while the pH determined using the Pi signal may contain an extracellular component, which could not be ruled out. Nevertheless, we report a strong correlation between the tissue pH and the LDH/PDH activities ratio. This work may pave the way for using the LDH/PDH activities ratio as an indicator of cardiac intracellular pH in vivo, in an MRI examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assad Azar
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivaranjan Uppala
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atara Nardi-Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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243
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Clemmensen A, Hansen AE, Holst P, Schøier C, Bisgaard S, Johannesen HH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Kristensen AT, Kjaer A. [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)] 2 PET and hyperpolarized [1- 13C] pyruvate MRSI (hyperPET) in canine cancer patients: simultaneous imaging of angiogenesis and the Warburg effect. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:395-405. [PMID: 32621132 PMCID: PMC7835292 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer has a multitude of phenotypic expressions and identifying these are important for correct diagnosis and treatment selection. Clinical molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography can access several of these hallmarks of cancer non-invasively. Recently, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy with [1-13C] pyruvate has shown great potential to probe metabolic pathways. Here, we investigate simultaneous dual modality clinical molecular imaging of angiogenesis and deregulated energy metabolism in canine cancer patients. METHODS Canine cancer patients (n = 11) underwent simultaneous [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]2 (RGD) PET and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI (hyperPET). Standardized uptake values and [1-13C]lactate to total 13C ratio were quantified and compared generally and voxel-wise. RESULTS Ten out of 11 patients showed clear tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD at both 20 and 60 min after injection, with an average SUVmean of 1.36 ± 0.23 g/mL and 1.13 ± 0.21 g/mL, respectively. A similar pattern was seen for SUVmax values, which were 2.74 ± 0.41 g/mL and 2.37 ± 0.45 g/mL. The [1-13C]lactate generation followed patterns previously reported. We found no obvious pattern or consistent correlation between the two modalities. Voxel-wise tumor values of RGD uptake and lactate generation analysis revealed a tendency for each canine cancer patient to cluster in separated groups. CONCLUSION We demonstrated combined imaging of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET for angiogenesis and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI for probing energy metabolism. The results suggest that [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET and [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI may provide complementary information, indicating that hyperPET imaging of angiogenesis and energy metabolism is able to aid in cancer phenotyping, leading to improved therapy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam E Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Holst
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christina Schøier
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sissel Bisgaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle H Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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244
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Dwork N, Gordon JW, Tang S, O'Connor D, Hansen ESS, Laustsen C, Larson PEZ. Di-chromatic interpolation of magnetic resonance metabolic images. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 34:57-72. [PMID: 33502669 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized contrast agents can provide unprecedented in vivo measurements of metabolism, but yields images that are lower resolution than that achieved with proton anatomical imaging. In order to spatially localize the metabolic activity, the metabolic image must be interpolated to the size of the proton image. The most common methods for choosing the unknown values rely exclusively on values of the original uninterpolated image. METHODS In this work, we present an alternative method that uses the higher-resolution proton image to provide additional spatial structure. The interpolated image is the result of a convex optimization algorithm which is solved with the fast iterative shrinkage threshold algorithm (FISTA). RESULTS Results are shown with images of hyperpolarized pyruvate, lactate, and bicarbonate using data of the heart and brain from healthy human volunteers, a healthy porcine heart, and a human with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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245
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Tickner BJ, Borozdina Y, Duckett SB, Angelovski G. Exploring the hyperpolarisation of EGTA-based ligands using SABRE. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2448-2461. [PMID: 33507194 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The design of molecules whose magnetic resonance (MR) signals report on their biological environment is receiving attention as a route to non-invasive functional MR. Hyperpolarisation techniques improve the sensitivity of MR and enable real time low concentration MR imaging, allowing for the development of novel functional imaging methodologies. In this work, we report on the synthesis of a series of EGTA-derived molecules (EGTA - ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), whose core structures are known to bind biologically relevant metal ions in vivo, in addition to pyridyl rings that allow reversible ligation to an iridium dihydride complex. Consequently, they are amenable to hyperpolarisation through the parahydrogen-based signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) process. We investigate how the proximity of EGTA and pyridine units, and the identity of the linker group, affect the SABRE hyperpolarisation attained for each agent. We also describe the effect of catalyst identity and co-ligand presence on these measurements and can achieve 1H NMR signal enhancements of up to 160-fold. We rationalise these results to suggest the design elements needed for probes amenable to SABRE hyperpolarisation whose MR signals might in the future report on the presence of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK.
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246
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Prisco NA, Pinon AC, Emsley L, Chmelka BF. Scaling analyses for hyperpolarization transfer across a spin-diffusion barrier and into bulk solid media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1006-1020. [PMID: 33404028 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By analogy to heat and mass transfer film theory, a general approach is introduced for determining hyperpolarization transfer rates between dilute electron spins and a surrounding nuclear ensemble. These analyses provide new quantitative relationships for understanding, predicting, and optimizing the effectiveness of hyperpolarization protocols, such as Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) under magic-angle spinning conditions. An empirical DNP polarization-transfer coefficient is measured as a function of the bulk matrix 1H spin density and indicates the presence of two distinct kinetic regimes associated with different rate-limiting polarization transfer phenomena. Dimensional property relationships are derived and used to evaluate the competitive rates of spin polarization generation, propagation, and dissipation that govern hyperpolarization transfer between large coupled spin ensembles. The quantitative analyses agree closely with experimental measurements for the accumulation, propagation, and dissipation of hyperpolarization in solids and provide evidence for kinetically-limited transfer associated with a spin-diffusion barrier. The results and classical approach yield general design criteria for analyzing and optimizing polarization transfer processes involving complex interfaces and composite media for applications in materials science, physical chemistry and nuclear spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Prisco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, USA.
| | - Arthur C Pinon
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Bradley F Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, USA.
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247
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Differentiation of Heterogeneous Mouse Liver from HCC by Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical characterization of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions in the liver and differentiation from heterogeneous inflammatory or fibrotic background is important for early detection and treatment. Metabolic monitoring of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled substrates has been suggested as a new avenue for diagnostic magnetic resonance. The metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was monitored in mouse precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) of aged MDR2-KO mice, which served as a model for heterogeneous liver and HCC that develops similarly to the human disease. The relative in-cell activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to alanine transaminase (ALT) were found to be 0.40 ± 0.06 (n = 3) in healthy livers (from healthy mice), 0.90 ± 0.27 (n = 3) in heterogeneously inflamed liver, and 1.84 ± 0.46 (n = 3) in HCC. Thus, the in-cell LDH/ALT activities ratio was found to correlate with the progression of the disease. The results suggest that the LDH/ALT activities ratio may be useful in the assessment of liver disease. Because the technology used here is translational to both small liver samples that may be obtained from image-guided biopsy (i.e., ex vivo investigation) and to the intact liver (i.e., in a noninvasive MRI scan), these results may provide a path for differentiating heterogeneous liver from HCC in human subjects.
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248
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Assmann JC, Farthing DE, Saito K, Maglakelidze N, Oliver B, Warrick KA, Sourbier C, Ricketts CJ, Meyer TJ, Pavletic SZ, Linehan WM, Krishna MC, Gress RE, Buxbaum NP. Glycolytic metabolism of pathogenic T cells enables early detection of GVHD by 13C-MRI. Blood 2021; 137:126-137. [PMID: 32785680 PMCID: PMC7808015 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a prominent barrier to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Definitive diagnosis of GVHD is invasive, and biopsies of involved tissues pose a high risk of bleeding and infection. T cells are central to GVHD pathogenesis, and our previous studies in a chronic GVHD mouse model showed that alloreactive CD4+ T cells traffic to the target organs ahead of overt symptoms. Because increased glycolysis is an early feature of T-cell activation, we hypothesized that in vivo metabolic imaging of glycolysis would allow noninvasive detection of liver GVHD as activated CD4+ T cells traffic into the organ. Indeed, hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging detected high rates of conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the liver ahead of animals becoming symptomatic, but not during subsequent overt chronic GVHD. Concomitantly, CD4+ T effector memory cells, the predominant pathogenic CD4+ T-cell subset, were confirmed to be highly glycolytic by transcriptomic, protein, metabolite, and ex vivo metabolic activity analyses. Preliminary data from single-cell sequencing of circulating T cells in patients undergoing AHSCT also suggested that increased glycolysis may be a feature of incipient acute GVHD. Metabolic imaging is being increasingly used in the clinic and may be useful in the post-AHSCT setting for noninvasive early detection of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don E Farthing
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch and
| | - Keita Saito
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Carole Sourbier
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Thomas J Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and
| | - Steven Z Pavletic
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch and
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249
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Tumor Microenvironment Biosensors for Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:323-334. [PMID: 33415679 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization (HP) of a carbon-13 molecule via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) involves polarization at low temperature, followed by a dissolution procedure producing a solution with highly polarized spins at room temperature. This dissolution DNP method significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) over 10,000-fold and facilitates the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to image not only metabolism but also the extracellular microenvironment. The extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME) closely interacts with tumor cells and stimulates their growth and metastasis. Thus, the ability to detect pathological changes in the TME is pivotal for the detection and study of cancers. This review highlights the potential use of MRS to study features of the TME-elevated export of lactate, reduced interstitial pH, imbalanced redox equilibrium, and altered metal homeostasis. The promising outcomes of both in vitro and in vivo assays suggest that DNP-MRS may be a useful technique to study aspects of the TME. With continued improvements, this tool has the potential to study the TME and provide guidance for accurate patient stratification and precise personal therapy. Graphical Abstract.
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Mamone S, Schmidt AB, Schwaderlapp N, Lange T, von Elverfeldt D, Hennig J, Glöggler S. Localized singlet-filtered MRS in vivo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4400. [PMID: 32869915 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MR is a prominent technology to investigate diseases, with millions of clinical procedures performed every year. Metabolic dysfunction is one common aspect associated with many diseases. Thus, understanding and monitoring metabolic changes is essential to develop cures for many illnesses, including for example cancer and neurodegeneration. MR methodologies are especially suited to study endogenous metabolites and processes within an organism in vivo, which has led to many insights about physiological functions. Advancing metabolic MR techniques is therefore key to further understand physiological processes. Here, we introduce an approach based on nuclear spin singlet states to specifically filter metabolic signals and particularly show that singlet-filtered glutamate can be observed distinctly in the hippocampus of a living mouse in vivo. This development opens opportunities to make use of the singlet spin phenomenon in vivo and besides its use as a filter to provide scope for new contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mamone
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consortium for Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Schwaderlapp
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Göttingen, Germany
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