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202
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Hurley E, Mullins D, Barrett MP, O'Shea CA, Kinirons M, Ryan CA, Stanton C, Whelton H, Harris HMB, O'Toole PW. The microbiota of the mother at birth and its influence on the emerging infant oral microbiota from birth to 1 year of age: a cohort study. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1599652. [PMID: 32128038 PMCID: PMC7034431 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1599652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The acquisition of microbial communities and the influence of delivery mode on the oral microbiota of the newborn infant remains poorly characterised. Methods: A cohort of pregnant women were enrolled in the study (n = 84). All infants were born full term, by Spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) or by Caesarean section (CS). At delivery a saliva sample along with a vaginal/skin sample from the mother. Saliva samples were the taken from the infant within one week of birth, and at week 4, week 8, 6 months and 1 year of age. We used high-throughput sequencing of V4-V5 region 16S rRNA amplicons to compare the microbiota of all samples. Results: The vaginal microbiota had a lower alpha diversity than the skin microbiota of the mother, while the infant oral microbiota diversity remained relatively stable from birth to 8 weeks of age. The oral microbiota of the neonate differed by birth modality up to 1 week of age (p < 0.05), but birth modality did not have any influence on the infant oral microbiota beyond this age. Conclusions: We conclude thatbirth mode does not have an effect on the infant oral microbiota beyond 4 weeks of age, and the oral microbiota of infants continues to develop until 1 year of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Hurley
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Mullins
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maurice P Barrett
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carol Anne O'Shea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin Kinirons
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Helen Whelton
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.,College of Medicine and Health, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hugh M B Harris
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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203
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Hong BY, Sobue T, Choquette L, Dupuy AK, Thompson A, Burleson JA, Salner AL, Schauer PK, Joshi P, Fox E, Shin DG, Weinstock GM, Strausbaugh LD, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A, Peterson DE, Diaz PI. Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is associated with detrimental bacterial dysbiosis. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:66. [PMID: 31018870 PMCID: PMC6482518 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal mucosal injury (mucositis), commonly affecting the oral cavity, is a clinically significant yet incompletely understood complication of cancer chemotherapy. Although antineoplastic cytotoxicity constitutes the primary injury trigger, the interaction of oral microbial commensals with mucosal tissues could modify the response. It is not clear, however, whether chemotherapy and its associated treatments affect oral microbial communities disrupting the homeostatic balance between resident microorganisms and the adjacent mucosa and if such alterations are associated with mucositis. To gain knowledge on the pathophysiology of oral mucositis, 49 subjects receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or doxorubicin-based chemotherapy were evaluated longitudinally during one cycle, assessing clinical outcomes, bacterial and fungal oral microbiome changes, and epithelial transcriptome responses. As a control for microbiome stability, 30 non-cancer subjects were longitudinally assessed. Through complementary in vitro assays, we also evaluated the antibacterial potential of 5-FU on oral microorganisms and the interaction of commensals with oral epithelial tissues. RESULTS Oral mucositis severity was associated with 5-FU, increased salivary flow, and higher oral granulocyte counts. The oral bacteriome was disrupted during chemotherapy and while antibiotic and acid inhibitor intake contributed to these changes, bacteriome disruptions were also correlated with antineoplastics and independently and strongly associated with oral mucositis severity. Mucositis-associated bacteriome shifts included depletion of common health-associated commensals from the genera Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Gemella, Granulicatella, and Veillonella and enrichment of Gram-negative bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella oris. Shifts could not be explained by a direct antibacterial effect of 5-FU, but rather resembled the inflammation-associated dysbiotic shifts seen in other oral conditions. Epithelial transcriptional responses during chemotherapy included upregulation of genes involved in innate immunity and apoptosis. Using a multilayer epithelial construct, we show mucositis-associated dysbiotic shifts may contribute to aggravate mucosal damage since the mucositis-depleted Streptococcus salivarius was tolerated as a commensal, while the mucositis-enriched F. nucleatum displayed pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic capacity. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our work reveals that chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is associated with bacterial dysbiosis and demonstrates the potential for dysbiotic shifts to aggravate antineoplastic-induced epithelial injury. These findings suggest that control of oral bacterial dysbiosis could represent a novel preventive approach to ameliorate oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Hong
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Takanori Sobue
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Linda Choquette
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Amanda K Dupuy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Angela Thompson
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Joseph A Burleson
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Pujan Joshi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Evan Fox
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Dong-Guk Shin
- Department of Computer Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Linda D Strausbaugh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Douglas E Peterson
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA.
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204
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Fjalstad JW, Esaiassen E, Juvet LK, van den Anker JN, Klingenberg C. Antibiotic therapy in neonates and impact on gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance development: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:569-580. [PMID: 29182785 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To systematically review the impact of antibiotic therapy in the neonatal period on changes in the gut microbiota and/or antibiotic resistance development. Methods Data sources were PubMed, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Database, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included if they provided data on different categories of antibiotic treatment (yes versus no, long versus short duration and/or broad- versus narrow-spectrum regimens) and subsequent changes in the gut microbiota and/or antibiotic resistance development. We evaluated risk of bias using the Cochrane Handbook, adapted to include observational studies. When appropriate, we used the vote-counting method to perform semi-quantitative meta-analyses. We applied the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to rate the quality of evidence (QoE). Study protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42015026743. Results We included 48 studies, comprising 3 RCTs and 45 observational studies. Prolonged antibiotic treatment was associated with reduced gut microbial diversity in all three studies investigating this outcome (very low QoE). Antibiotic treatment was associated with reduced colonization rates of protective commensal anaerobic bacteria in four of five studies (very low QoE). However, all three categories of antibiotic treatment were associated with an increased risk of antibiotic resistance development, in particular MDR in Gram-negative bacteria, and we graded the QoE for these outcomes as moderate. Conclusions We are moderately confident that antibiotic treatment leads to antibiotic resistance development in neonates and it may also induce potentially disease-promoting gut microbiota alterations. Our findings emphasize the need to reduce unnecessary antibiotic treatment in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Widding Fjalstad
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eirin Esaiassen
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lene Kristine Juvet
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.,University College of Southeast Norway, Notodden, Norway
| | - John N van den Anker
- Division of Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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205
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Jia G, Zhi A, Lai PFH, Wang G, Xia Y, Xiong Z, Zhang H, Che N, Ai L. The oral microbiota - a mechanistic role for systemic diseases. Br Dent J 2019; 224:447-455. [PMID: 29569607 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human oral microbiota is the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. Oral microbiota generally exists in the form of a biofilm and plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the oral cavity and preventing disease development. Human oral microbiota has recently become a new focus research for promoting the progress of disease diagnosis, assisting disease treatment, and developing personalised medicines. In this review, the scientific evidence supporting the association that endogenous and exogenous factors (diet, smoking, drinking, socioeconomic status, antibiotics use and pregnancy) modulate oral microbiota. It provides insights into the mechanistic role in which oral microbiota may influence systemic diseases, and summarises the challenges of clinical diagnosis and treatment based on the microbial community information. It provides information for noninvasive diagnosis and helps develop a new paradigm of personalised medicine. All these benefit human health in the post-metagenomics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - A Zhi
- Chemical Technology and Food Science College, Zhengzhou Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - P F H Lai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - G Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - N Che
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, PR China
| | - L Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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206
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Raju SC, Lagström S, Ellonen P, de Vos WM, Eriksson JG, Weiderpass E, Rounge TB. Gender-Specific Associations Between Saliva Microbiota and Body Size. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:767. [PMID: 31024514 PMCID: PMC6467948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human intestinal microbiota likely play an important role in the development of overweight and obesity. However, the associations between saliva microbiota and body mass index (BMI) have been sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to identify the associations between saliva microbiota and body size in Finnish children. METHODS The saliva microbiota of 900 Finnish children, aged 11-14 years with measured height and weight, was characterized using 16S rRNA (V3-V4) sequencing. RESULTS The core saliva microbiota consisted of 14 genera that were present in more than 95% of the Finnish children. The saliva microbiota profiles were gender-specific with higher alpha-diversity in boys than girls and significant differences between the genders in community composition and abundances. Alpha-diversity differed between normal weight and overweight girls and between normal weight and obese boys. The composition was dissimilar between normal weight and obese girls, but not in boys. The relative abundance profiles differed according to body size. Decrease in commensal saliva bacteria were observed in all the body sizes when compared to normal weight children. Notably, the relative abundance of bacteria related to, Veillonella, Prevotella, Selenomonas, and Streptococcus was reduced in obese children. CONCLUSION Saliva microbiota diversity and composition were significantly associated with body size and gender in Finnish children. Body size-specific saliva microbiota profiles open new avenues for studying the potential roles of microbiota in weight development and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan C. Raju
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Lagström
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine B. Rounge
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
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207
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Asante J, Osei Sekyere J. Understanding antimicrobial discovery and resistance from a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic perspective: advances and applications. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:62-86. [PMID: 30637962 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our inability to cultivate most microorganisms, specifically bacteria, in the laboratory has for many years restricted our view and understanding of the bacterial meta-resistome in all living and nonliving environments. As a result, reservoirs, sources and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGS) and antibiotic-producers, as well as the effects of human activity and antibiotics on the selection and dissemination of ARGs were not well comprehended. With the advances made in the fields of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, many of the hitherto little-understood concepts are becoming clearer. Further, the discovery of antibiotics such as lugdinin and lactocillin from the human microbiota, buttressed the importance of these new fields. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics are becoming important clinical diagnostic tools for screening and detecting pathogens and ARGs, assessing the effects of antibiotics, other xenobiotics and human activity on the environment, characterizing the microbiome and the environmental resistome with lesser turnaround time and decreasing cost, as well as discovering antibiotic-producers. However, challenges with accurate binning, skewed ARGs databases, detection of less abundant and allelic variants of ARGs and efficient mobilome characterization remain. Ongoing efforts in long-read, phased- and single-cell sequencing, strain-resolved binning, chromosomal-conformation capture, DNA-methylation binning and deep-learning bioinformatic approaches offer promising prospects in reconstructing complete strain-level genomes and mobilomes from metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Asante
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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208
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Topcuoglu N, Erdem AP, Karacan I, Kulekci G. Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with Kostmann syndrome. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:609-615. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nursen Topcuoglu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Pınar Erdem
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Karacan
- Department of Molecular Biology of Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Kulekci
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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209
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Ames NJ, Barb JJ, Ranucci A, Kim H, Mudra SE, Cashion AK, Townsley DM, Childs R, Paster BJ, Faller LL, Wallen GR. The oral microbiome of patients undergoing treatment for severe aplastic anemia: a pilot study. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:1351-1365. [PMID: 30919073 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome, an intriguing component of the human body, composed of trillions of microorganisms, has prompted scientific exploration to identify and understand its function and role in health and disease. As associations between microbiome composition, disease, and symptoms accumulate, the future of medicine hinges upon a comprehensive knowledge of these microorganisms for patient care. The oral microbiome may provide valuable and efficient insight for predicting future changes in disease status, infection, or treatment course. The main aim of this pilot study was to characterize the oral microbiome in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) during their therapeutic course. SAA is a hematologic disease characterized by bone marrow failure which if untreated is fatal. Treatment includes either hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or immunosuppressive therapy (IST). In this study, we examined the oral microbiome composition of 24 patients admitted to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center for experimental SAA treatment. Tongue brushings were collected to assess the effects of treatment on the oral microbiome. Twenty patients received standard IST (equine antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine) plus eltrombopag. Four patients underwent HSCT. Oral specimens were obtained at three time points during treatment and clinical follow-up. Using a novel approach to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis encompassing seven hypervariable regions, results demonstrated a predictable decrease in microbial diversity over time among the transplant patients. Linear discriminant analysis or LefSe reported a total of 14 statistically significant taxa (p < 0.05) across time points in the HSCT patients. One-way plots of relative abundance for two bacterial species (Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Rothia mucilaginosa) in the HSCT group, show the differences in abundance between time points. Only one bacterial species (Prevotella histicola) was noted in the IST group with a p value of 0.065. The patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy did not exhibit a clear change in diversity over time; however, patient-specific changes were noted. In addition, we compared our findings to tongue dorsum samples from healthy participants in the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) database and found among HSCT patients, approximately 35% of bacterial identifiers (N = 229) were unique to this study population and were not present in tongue dorsum specimens obtained from the HMP. Among IST-treated patients, 45% (N = 351) were unique to these patients and not identified by the HMP. Although antibiotic use may have likely influenced bacterial composition and diversity, some literature suggests a decreased impact of antimicrobials on the oral microbiome as compared to their effect on the gut microbiome. Future studies with larger sample sizes that focus on the oral microbiome and the effects of antibiotics in an immunosuppressed patient population may help establish these potential associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ames
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - J J Barb
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Lab, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Ranucci
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - H Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S E Mudra
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A K Cashion
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D M Townsley
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Childs
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B J Paster
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L L Faller
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ginkgo Bioworks, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G R Wallen
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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210
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Shao TY, Ang WXG, Jiang TT, Huang FS, Andersen H, Kinder JM, Pham G, Burg AR, Ruff B, Gonzalez T, Khurana Hershey GK, Haslam DB, Way SS. Commensal Candida albicans Positively Calibrates Systemic Th17 Immunological Responses. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:404-417.e6. [PMID: 30870622 PMCID: PMC6419754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal barriers are densely colonized by pathobiont microbes such as Candida albicans, capable of invasive disseminated infection. However, systemic infections occur infrequently in healthy individuals, suggesting that pathobiont commensalism may elicit host benefits. We show that intestinal colonization with C. albicans drives systemic expansion of fungal-specific Th17 CD4+ T cells and IL-17 responsiveness by circulating neutrophils, which synergistically protect against C. albicans invasive infection. Protection conferred by commensal C. albicans requires persistent fungal colonization and extends to other extracellular invasive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. However, commensal C. albicans does not protect against intracellular influenza virus infection and exacerbates allergic airway inflammation susceptibility, indicating that positively calibrating systemic Th17 responses is not uniformly beneficial. Thus, systemic Th17 inflammation driven by CD4+ T cells responsive to tonic stimulation by commensal C. albicans improves host defense against extracellular pathogens, but with potentially harmful immunological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Shao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - W X Gladys Ang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tony T Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Felicia Scaggs Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Heidi Andersen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeremy M Kinder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Giang Pham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ashley R Burg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Brandy Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tammy Gonzalez
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David B Haslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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211
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Moossavi S, Bishehsari F. Microbes: possible link between modern lifestyle transition and the rise of metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2019; 20:407-419. [PMID: 30548384 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid decrease in infectious diseases globally has coincided with an increase in the prevalence of obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is a common feature of metabolic syndrome and can be influenced by genetic and non-genetic/environmental factors. The emergence of metabolic syndrome epidemics over only a few decades suggests a more prominent role of the latter. Changes in our environment and lifestyle have indeed paralleled the rise in metabolic syndrome. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota, the composition of which plays a significant role in host physiology, including metabolism and energy homeostasis, are distinctly different within the context of metabolic syndrome. Among humans, recent lifestyle-related changes could be linked to changes in diversity and composition of 'ancient' microbiota. Given the co-adaptation and co-evolution of microbiota with the immune system over a long period of time, it is plausible that such lifestyle-related microbiota changes could trigger aberrant immune responses, thereby predisposing an individual to a variety of diseases. Here, we review current evidence supporting a role for gut microbiota in the ongoing rise of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that population-level shifts in microbiota can play a mediatory role between lifestyle factors and pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moossavi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - F Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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212
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Microbiome as a tool and a target in the effort to address antimicrobial resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 115:12902-12910. [PMID: 30559176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717163115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal, intimate relationships between the human microbiome and the host immune system are shaped by past microbial encounters and prepare the host for future ones. Antibiotics and other antimicrobials leave their mark on both the microbiome and host immunity. Antimicrobials alter the structure of the microbiota, expand the host-specific pool of antimicrobial-resistance genes and organisms, degrade the protective effects of the microbiota against invasion by pathogens, and may impair vaccine efficacy. Through these effects on the microbiome they may affect immune responses. Vaccines that exert protective or therapeutic effects against pathogens may reduce the use of antimicrobials, the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the harmful impacts of these drugs on the microbiome. Other strategies involving manipulation of the microbiome to deplete antibiotic-resistant organisms or to enhance immune responses to vaccines may prove valuable in addressing antimicrobial resistance as well. This article describes the intersections of immunity, microbiome and antimicrobial exposure, and the use of vaccines and other alternative strategies for the control and management of antimicrobial resistance.
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213
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Brumlow CE, Luna RA, Hollister EB, Gomez JA, Burcham LA, Cowdrey MB, Primm TP. Biochemical but not compositional recovery of skin mucosal microbiome communities after disruption. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:399-416. [PMID: 30863123 PMCID: PMC6388737 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s185992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiomes of animals are complex communities that strongly affect the health of the hosts. Microbiomes on mucosal surfaces have the highest densities and most extensive biochemical exchanges with the hosts. Although antibiotics are potent tools to manage infections, they can disrupt the normal microbiota, causing numerous side effects. Materials and methods Taking a community ecology approach, mucosal microbiome community responses to five disruptive conditions (two broad-spectrum antibiotics, a biocide, elevated temperature, and rinsing) were analyzed. Skin of the fish Gambusia affinis was the mucosal model. Microbiome recovery was measured by culturable counts, community biochemical profiles, genetic fingerprinting, and community 16S gene sequencing (rinsing condition only). Results Following all disruptions, the total counts rose and then returned to the pre-treatment (PT) level. This overgrowth was confirmed via direct staining and community metabolic activity measurements. After rinsing, diversity decreased and one taxon dominated (family Aeromonadaceae) temporarily, the findings similar to numerous other studies with antibiotics. While the community did not return to the PT taxonomic composition, the biochemical profile did. Conclusion This suggests that the biochemical pathways in a community are important during recovery, and a return to the original composition is not required to restore original function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelcy E Brumlow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA,
| | - Ruth A Luna
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily B Hollister
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier A Gomez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA,
| | - Lindsey A Burcham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA,
| | - Madison B Cowdrey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA,
| | - Todd P Primm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA,
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214
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Ling Z, Liu X, Guo S, Cheng Y, Shao L, Guan D, Cui X, Yang M, Xu X. Role of Probiotics in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: A Short-Term Pilot Project. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3261. [PMID: 30687259 PMCID: PMC6334620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia in children. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) can be successfully treated with azithromycin; however, antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common adverse effect. Increasing evidence suggests that some probiotics may prevent the development of AAD. The present study determined the effects of probiotics (live Clostridium butyricum plus Bifidobacterium infantis) on the prevention and treatment of AAD in children with MPP when co-administered with intravenous azithromycin. Fifty-five children with MPP were enrolled and received azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day; once daily for 7 days) combined with probiotics (starting on the third day of azithromycin treatment; 1,500 mg three times daily); 50 healthy children served as controls. At the end of the trial, the incidence of AAD, fecal microbiota, intestinal mucosal barriers, and systemic inflammation were analyzed using recommended systems biology techniques. No cases of AAD or other adverse events occurred in children with MPP after co-administration of probiotics with azithromycin. A live C. butyricum plus B. infantis preparation partly reconstructed the gut microbiota, especially restoration of bacterial diversity. The indicators of intestinal mucosal barrier function, such as D-lactate, endotoxin, and diamine oxidase, were significantly improved and the systemic inflammation (interleukin 10) was attenuated after probiotic therapy. The present study indicated that co-administration of probiotics with azithromycin is a promising therapy for MPP treatment which could prevent and treat AAD effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dexiu Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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215
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Clindamycin Administration Increases the Incidence of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice Through the Prolonged Impact of Gut Immunity. Inflammation 2019; 41:1900-1911. [PMID: 29951875 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The profound influence of gut flora on host immune system and its link with autoimmune disorders have been established. However, the role of certain antibiotic in progression of autoimmune disorder is still confusing. Here, we employed a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model to explore the role of clindamycin administration in different scenarios. In the first scenario, mice treated with antibiotics for 4 weeks were performed with the induction of CIA immediately. The results showed that clindamycin administration promoted the incidence and severity of CIA, while the recipients of vancomycin showed completed tolerance. We also found that increased gut-associated Th1 and Th17 cells might be related to the subsequent expansion of collagen-specific immune response. In the second scenario, mice treated with antibiotics for 4 weeks were performed with CIA induction 4 weeks later. Notably, clindamycin administration showed a prolonged impact on the incidence and severity of CIA, as well as the gut immunity as compared to vancomycin administration. In addition, antibody depletion of integrin α4β7 systemically resulted in an impaired CIA response, underlining the influence of gut immunity. In the mice that received clindamycin, the abundance of anaerobic bacteria was significantly decreased and showed little recovery at 4 weeks later. Our observations highlighted the different characteristics of antibiotic administration on the development of autoimmune disorders and indicated its link with gut immunity.
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216
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Stark CM, Susi A, Emerick J, Nylund CM. Antibiotic and acid-suppression medications during early childhood are associated with obesity. Gut 2019; 68:62-69. [PMID: 30377188 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota alterations are associated with obesity. Early exposure to medications, including acid suppressants and antibiotics, can alter gut biota and may increase the likelihood of developing obesity. We investigated the association of antibiotic, histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescriptions during early childhood with a diagnosis of obesity. DESIGN We performed a cohort study of US Department of Defense TRICARE beneficiaries born from October 2006 to September 2013. Exposures were defined as having any dispensed prescription for antibiotic, H2RA or PPI medications in the first 2 years of life. A single event analysis of obesity was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS 333 353 children met inclusion criteria, with 241 502 (72.4%) children prescribed an antibiotic, 39 488 (11.8%) an H2RA and 11 089 (3.3%) a PPI. Antibiotic prescriptions were associated with obesity (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.28). This association persisted regardless of antibiotic class and strengthened with each additional class of antibiotic prescribed. H2RA and PPI prescriptions were also associated with obesity, with a stronger association for each 30-day supply prescribed. The HR increased commensurately with exposure to each additional medication group prescribed. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics, acid suppressants and the combination of multiple medications in the first 2 years of life are associated with a diagnosis of childhood obesity. Microbiota-altering medications administered in early childhood may influence weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Apryl Susi
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill Emerick
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cade M Nylund
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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217
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Horisberger A, La Rosa S, Zurcher JP, Zimmermann S, Spertini F, Coukos G, Obeid M. A severe case of refractory esophageal stenosis induced by nivolumab and responding to tocilizumab therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:156. [PMID: 30587227 PMCID: PMC6307169 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of esophageal stenosis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors in the context of induced immune mucositis and esophagitis is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a patient with stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma treated for 6 months with nivolumab who developed bilateral sterile conjunctivitis followed by oropharyngeal mucositis and esophagitis complicated by a severe esophageal stenosis. The laryngeal margin and hypopharyngeal mucosa appeared highly inflammatory with fibrinous deposits. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed mucositis with a scar-like structure immediately below the upper esophageal sphincter with nonulcerative mucosa and an inflammatory aspect of the entire esophagus. No involvement of the stomach was observed. Oropharynx biopsies displayed marked lymphocytic T cell-infiltration with several foci of monocellular necrosis in the squamous epithelium. No morphologic evidence of adenocarcinoma and no signs of mycotic, bacterial or viral infection were noted. A blood sample revealed a discrete increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with no eosinophilia or leukocytosis. Liver and kidney function panel tests were normal. A thoracoabdominal CT scan reported no evidence of disease recurrence. Despite multiple boluses of methylprednisolone and high doses of prednisone continued for several months, the patient experienced very rapid symptomatological reappearance during three steroid tapering attempts and aggravation of his esophageal stenosis to an aphagic stage, requiring a nasogastric tube. This long course of high-dose corticosteroid treatment was complicated with osteoporosis-induced fractures with several spontaneous compressions of thoracolumbar vertebrae requiring an enlarged T10 to L5 cementoplasty. Anti-IL-6 blockade therapy with tocilizumab resulted in excellent clinical response, allowing the total resolution of the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and leading to successful steroid tapering. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we describe the first case of a patient who developed autoimmune mucositis and esophagitis complicated by a severe refractory esophageal stenosis induced during treatment by nivolumab, which completely resolved after personalized treatment with tocilizumab, suggesting a role of IL-6 blockade in the management of severe steroid refractory esophageal stenosis and more broadly in refractory immune-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Horisberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Zurcher
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francois Spertini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Michel Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Vaccination and Immunotherapy Center, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 17, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Medical school Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.
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218
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Microbiological Profile of Sarecycline, a Novel Targeted Spectrum Tetracycline for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01297-18. [PMID: 30397052 PMCID: PMC6325184 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01297-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarecycline is the first narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic being developed for acne treatment. In addition to exhibiting activity against important skin/soft tissue pathogens, sarecycline exhibits targeted antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Cutibacterium acnes. Sarecycline is the first narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic being developed for acne treatment. In addition to exhibiting activity against important skin/soft tissue pathogens, sarecycline exhibits targeted antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Cutibacterium acnes. In the current study, sarecycline was 16- to 32-fold less active than broad-spectrum tetracyclines—such as minocycline and doxycycline—against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli associated with the normal human intestinal microbiome. Also, reduced activity against Escherichia coli was observed in vivo in a murine septicemia model, with the 50% protective doses, or the doses required to achieve 50% survival, being >40 mg/kg of body weight and 5.72 mg/kg for sarecycline and doxycycline, respectively. Sarecycline was also 4- to 8-fold less active than doxycycline against representative anaerobic bacteria that also comprise the normal human intestinal microbiome. Additionally, C. acnes strains displayed a low propensity for the development of resistance to sarecycline, with spontaneous mutation frequencies being 10−10 at 4 to 8 times the MIC, similar to those for minocycline and vancomycin. When tested against Gram-positive pathogens with defined tetracycline resistance mechanisms, sarecycline was more active than tetracycline against tet(K) and tet(M) strains, with MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1.0 μl/ml and 8 μl/ml, respectively, compared with MICs of 16 to 64 μl/ml and 64 μl/ml for tetracycline, respectively. However, sarecycline activity against the tet(K) and tet(M) strains was decreased compared to that against the wild type, which demonstrated MICs ranging from 0.06 to 0.25 μl/ml, though the decrease in the activity of sarecycline against the tet(K) and tet(M) strains was not as pronounced as that of tetracycline. These findings support sarecycline as a narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic that is effective for the treatment of acne, and further investigation into the potential reduced effects on the gut microbiome compared with those of other agents is warranted.
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219
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[Antibiotic prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of membranes: CNGOF preterm premature rupture of membranes guidelines]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 46:1043-1053. [PMID: 30392988 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse benefits and risks of antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of preterm premature rupture of membranes. METHODS PubMed and Cochrane Central databases search. RESULTS Streptoccoccus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) and Escherichia coli are the two main bacteria identified in early neonatal sepsis (EL3). Antibiotic prophylaxis at admission is associated with significant prolongation of pregnancy (EL2), reduction in neonatal morbidity (EL1) without impact on neonatal mortality (EL2). Co-amoxiclav could be associated with an increased risk for neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (EL2). Antibiotic prophylaxis at admission in women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes is recommended (Grade A). Monotherapy with amoxicillin, third generation cephalosporin and erythromycin can be used as well as combination of erythromycin and amoxicillin (Professional consensus) for 7 days (GradeC). Shorter treatment is possible when initial vaginal culture is negative (Professional consensus). Co-amxiclav, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, first and second generation cephalosporin, clindamycin and metronidazole are not recommended (Professional consensus). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic prophylaxis against Streptoccoccus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) and E. coli is recommended in women with preterm premature of the membranes (Grade A). Monotherapy with amoxicillin, third generation cephalosporin or erythromycin, as well as combination of erythromycin and amoxicillin are recommended (Professional consensus).
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220
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Palleja A, Mikkelsen KH, Forslund SK, Kashani A, Allin KH, Nielsen T, Hansen TH, Liang S, Feng Q, Zhang C, Pyl PT, Coelho LP, Yang H, Wang J, Typas A, Nielsen MF, Nielsen HB, Bork P, Wang J, Vilsbøll T, Hansen T, Knop FK, Arumugam M, Pedersen O. Recovery of gut microbiota of healthy adults following antibiotic exposure. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:1255-1265. [PMID: 30349083 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To minimize the impact of antibiotics, gut microorganisms harbour and exchange antibiotics resistance genes, collectively called their resistome. Using shotgun sequencing-based metagenomics, we analysed the partial eradication and subsequent regrowth of the gut microbiota in 12 healthy men over a 6-month period following a 4-day intervention with a cocktail of 3 last-resort antibiotics: meropenem, gentamicin and vancomycin. Initial changes included blooms of enterobacteria and other pathobionts, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and the depletion of Bifidobacterium species and butyrate producers. The gut microbiota of the subjects recovered to near-baseline composition within 1.5 months, although 9 common species, which were present in all subjects before the treatment, remained undetectable in most of the subjects after 180 days. Species that harbour β-lactam resistance genes were positively selected for during and after the intervention. Harbouring glycopeptide or aminoglycoside resistance genes increased the odds of de novo colonization, however, the former also decreased the odds of survival. Compositional changes under antibiotic intervention in vivo matched results from in vitro susceptibility tests. Despite a mild yet long-lasting imprint following antibiotics exposure, the gut microbiota of healthy young adults are resilient to a short-term broad-spectrum antibiotics intervention and their antibiotics resistance gene carriage modulates their recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Palleja
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical-Microbiomics A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian H Mikkelsen
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alireza Kashani
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suisha Liang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paul Theodor Pyl
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luis Pedro Coelho
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Athanasios Typas
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Morten F Nielsen
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Peer Bork
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- iCarbonX, Shenzhen, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa Macau, China
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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221
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Sharma S, Tripathi P. Gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes: where we are and where to go? J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:101-108. [PMID: 30366260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by an imbalance in blood glucose level, altered lipid profile and high blood pressure. Genetic constituents, high-fat and high-energy dietary habits, and a sedentary lifestyle are three major factors that contribute to high risk of T2D. Several studies have reported gut microbiome dysbiosis as a factor in rapid progression of insulin resistance in T2D that accounts for about 90% of all diabetes cases worldwide. The gut microbiome dysbiosis may reshape intestinal barrier functions and host metabolic and signaling pathways, which are directly or indirectly related to the insulin resistance in T2D. Thousands of the metabolites derived from microbes interact with the epithelial, hepatic and cardiac cell receptors that modulate host physiology. Xenobiotics including dietary components, antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs strongly affect the gut microbial composition and can promote dysbiosis. Any change in the gut microbiota can shift the host metabolism towards increased energy harvest during diabetes and obesity. However, the exact mechanisms behind the dynamics of gut microbes and their impact on host metabolism at the molecular level are yet to be deciphered. We reviewed the published literature for better understanding of the dynamics of gut microbiota, factors that potentially induce gut microbiome dysbiosis and their relation to the progression of T2D. Special emphasis was also given to understand the gut microbiome induced breaching of intestinal barriers and/or tight junctions and their relation to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science, and Technological Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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222
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Fu BC, Randolph TW, Lim U, Monroe KR, Cheng I, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Lampe JW, Hullar MAJ. Temporal Variability and Stability of the Fecal Microbiome: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:154-162. [PMID: 30206059 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement reliability and biological stability need to be considered when developing sampling protocols for population-based fecal microbiome studies. METHODS Stool samples were collected biannually over a 2-year period and sequenced for the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene in 50 participants from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. We evaluated the temporal stability of the fecal microbiome on a community level with permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), as well as on taxa and diversity measures with intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS Interindividual differences were the predominant source of fecal microbiome variation, and variation within individual was driven more by changing abundances than by the complete loss or introduction of taxa. Phyla and diversity measures were reliable over the 2 years. Most genera were stable over time, although those with low abundances tended to be more dynamic. Reliability was lower among participants who used antibiotics, with the greatest difference seen in samples taken within 1 month of reported use. CONCLUSIONS The fecal microbiome as a whole is stable over a 2-year period, although certain taxa may exhibit more temporal variability. IMPACT When designing large epidemiologic studies, a single sample is sufficient to capture the majority of the variation in the fecal microbiome from 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while multiple samples may be needed for rare or less-abundant taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Fu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Unhee Lim
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kristine R Monroe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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223
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Karl JP, Hatch AM, Arcidiacono SM, Pearce SC, Pantoja-Feliciano IG, Doherty LA, Soares JW. Effects of Psychological, Environmental and Physical Stressors on the Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2013. [PMID: 30258412 PMCID: PMC6143810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, a ubiquitous part of daily human life, has varied biological effects which are increasingly recognized as including modulation of commensal microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota. In turn, the gut microbiota influences the host stress response and associated sequelae, thereby implicating the gut microbiota as an important mediator of host health. This narrative review aims to summarize evidence concerning the impact of psychological, environmental, and physical stressors on gut microbiota composition and function. The stressors reviewed include psychological stress, circadian disruption, sleep deprivation, environmental extremes (high altitude, heat, and cold), environmental pathogens, toxicants, pollutants, and noise, physical activity, and diet (nutrient composition and food restriction). Stressors were selected for their direct relevance to military personnel, a population that is commonly exposed to these stressors, often at extremes, and in combination. However, the selected stressors are also common, alone or in combination, in some civilian populations. Evidence from preclinical studies collectively indicates that the reviewed stressors alter the composition, function and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, but that effects vary across stressors, and can include effects that may be beneficial or detrimental to host health. Translation of these findings to humans is largely lacking at present. This gap precludes concluding with certainty that transient or cumulative exposures to psychological, environmental, and physical stressors have any consistent, meaningful impact on the human gut microbiota. However, provocative preclinical evidence highlights a need for translational research aiming to elucidate the impact of stressors on the human gut microbiota, and how the gut microbiota can be manipulated, for example by using nutrition, to mitigate adverse stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Adrienne M. Hatch
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Steven M. Arcidiacono
- Soldier Performance Optimization, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Sarah C. Pearce
- Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Ida G. Pantoja-Feliciano
- Soldier Performance Optimization, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Performance Optimization, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Performance Optimization, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
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224
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Dzidic M, Collado MC, Abrahamsson T, Artacho A, Stensson M, Jenmalm MC, Mira A. Oral microbiome development during childhood: an ecological succession influenced by postnatal factors and associated with tooth decay. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2292-2306. [PMID: 29899505 PMCID: PMC6092374 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Information on how the oral microbiome develops during early childhood and how external factors influence this ecological process is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age in 90 longitudinally followed children, for whom clinical, dietary and health data were collected. Bacterial composition patterns changed through time, starting with "early colonizers", including Streptococcus and Veillonella; other bacterial genera such as Neisseria settled after 1 or 2 years of age. Dental caries development was associated with diverging microbial composition through time. Streptococcus cristatus appeared to be associated with increased risk of developing tooth decay and its role as potential biomarker of the disease should be studied with species-specific probes. Infants born by C-section had initially skewed bacterial content compared with vaginally delivered infants, but this was recovered with age. Shorter breastfeeding habits and antibiotic treatment during the first 2 years of age were associated with a distinct bacterial composition at later age. The findings presented describe oral microbiota development as an ecological succession where altered colonization pattern during the first year of life may have long-term consequences for child´s oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Dzidic
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Malin Stensson
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
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225
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Levine RS, Salemi JL, Mejia de Grubb MC, Wood SK, Gittner L, Khan H, Langston MA, Husaini BA, Rust G, Hennekens CH. Altitude and Variable Effects on Infant Mortality in the United States. High Alt Med Biol 2018; 19:265-271. [PMID: 30153042 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2018.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Levine, Robert S., Jason L. Salemi, Maria C. Mejia de Grubb, Sarah K. Wood, Lisa Gittner, Hafiz Khan, Michael A. Langston, Baqar A. Husaini, George Rust, and Charles H. Hennekens. Altitude and variable effects on infant mortality in the United States. High Alt Med Biol. 19:265-271, 2018. AIMS To explore whether altitude has different effects on infant mortality from newborn respiratory distress, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. RESULTS Infants born in the US Mountain Census Division (AR, CO, ID, NV, NM, UT, and WY) had lower mortality from newborn respiratory distress (p < 0.001, mortality rate ratios [MRR] = 0.5 for non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites and 0.6 for Hispanic whites) relative to infants born elsewhere in the United States, while Mountain Division non-Hispanic white infants had significantly higher mortality from nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (MRR = 1.3 [1.1, 1.6] p < 0.001). After adjustment for state average birth weight, gestational age, and income inequality, a statistically significant, inverse association remained between state average altitude and non-Hispanic white infant mortality from newborn respiratory distress. County altitude (3058 counties in 9 categories from ≤0 to ≥7000 feet) was negatively correlated with newborn respiratory distress (r = -0.91, p < 0.001) and necrotizing enterocolitis (r = -0.81, p = 0.006) at ≤0 to ≥7000 feet and positively correlated with nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage at ≤0 to 6000-6999 feet (r = 0.78, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These data show variable cause-specific effects of altitude on infant mortality. Analytic epidemiologic research is needed to confirm or refute the hypotheses generated by these descriptive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Levine
- 1 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Jason L Salemi
- 1 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Maria C Mejia de Grubb
- 1 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah K Wood
- 2 Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | | | - Hafiz Khan
- 3 Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | | | - Baqar A Husaini
- 5 Center for Prevention Research, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - George Rust
- 6 Center for Medicine and Public Health, Florida State University School of Medicine , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Charles H Hennekens
- 2 Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
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226
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Menon RK, Gopinath D, Li KY, Leung YY, Botelho MG. Does the use of amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in third molar surgery reduce the risk of postoperative infection? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 48:263-273. [PMID: 30145064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this systematic review were to investigate the efficacy of amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for reducing the risk of postoperative infection after third molar surgery and to evaluate the adverse outcomes in these patients, as well as in healthy volunteers. A systematic search of four databases was performed on May 26, 2017. Eleven studies qualified for the qualitative analysis and eight were found suitable for meta-analysis. The results suggest that both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amoxicillin significantly reduce the risk of infection after third molar extraction (overall relative risk (RR) 0.25, P<0.001). However, with the exclusion of randomized controlled trials with a split-mouth design (due to an inadequate crossover period after antibiotic treatment), only amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was found to be effective (RR 0.21, P<0.001). The risk of adverse effects was significantly higher in the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid group (RR=4.12, P=0.023) than in the amoxicillin group (RR 1.57, P=0.405). In conclusion, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amoxicillin may significantly reduce the risk of infection after third molar extraction. However, their use in third molar surgery should be viewed with caution, as recent clinical trials on healthy volunteers have shown evidence of the negative impact of amoxicillin use on bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Menon
- International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - D Gopinath
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Y Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y Y Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M G Botelho
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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227
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Spielman LJ, Gibson DL, Klegeris A. Unhealthy gut, unhealthy brain: The role of the intestinal microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:149-163. [PMID: 30114473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of bacterial cells living within the human body is approximately equal to, or greater than, the total number of human cells. This dynamic population of microorganisms, termed the human microbiota, resides mainly within the gastrointestinal tract. It is widely accepted that highly diverse and stable microbiota promote overall human health. Colonization of the gut with maladaptive and pathogenic microbiota, a state also known as dysbiosis, is associated with a variety of peripheral diseases ranging from type 2 diabetes mellitus to cardiovascular and inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, microbial dysbiosis has been associated with a number of brain pathologies, including autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting a direct or indirect communication between intestinal bacteria and the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we illustrate two pathways implicated in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and CNS involving 1) the vagus nerve and 2) transmission of signaling molecules through the circulatory system and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We summarize the available evidence of the specific changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as microorganism-induced modifications to intestinal and BBB permeability, which have been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders including ALS, AD, and PD. Even though each of these diseases arises from unique pathogenetic mechanisms, all are characterized, at least in part, by chronic neuroinflammation. We provide an interpretation for the substantial evidence that healthy intestinal microbiota have the ability to positively regulate the neuroimmune responses in the CNS. Even though the evidence is mainly associative, it has been suggested that bacterial dysbiosis could contribute to an adverse neuroinflammatory state leading to increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, developing strategies for regulating and maintaining healthy intestinal microbiota could be a valid approach for lowering individual risk and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna Lynn Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
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228
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Hagihara M, Yamashita R, Matsumoto A, Mori T, Kuroki Y, Kudo H, Oka K, Takahashi M, Nonogaki T, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H. The impact of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 on the murine gut microbiome and colonic tissue. Anaerobe 2018; 54:8-18. [PMID: 30076897 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) is a probiotic bacterium that is used as an anti-diarrheal medicine in Japan. However, the impact of this probiotic on the gut microbiome has not been fully elucidated, especially, when used with antimicrobials. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an in vivo study, CBM 588 monotherapy, clindamycin monotherapy, CBM 588 and clindamycin (combination therapy), or normal saline (control) was orally administered to mice for 4 days, and fecal samples were collected for 18 days to enumerate C. butyricum. We also extracted DNA from these fecal samples for metagenomics analysis by amplification of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and MiSeq Illumina sequencing. In addition, the concentrations of some short chain fatty acids were assessed in the fecal samples. A histological analysis was also conducted. RESULTS On day 4 (the last treatment day), there was no difference in the total counts of C. butyricum between the CBM 588 monotherapy and combination therapy groups (5.21 ± 0.78 vs. 5.13 ± 0.45 log10 cfu/g, p = 0.86). Clindamycin treatment resulted in dramatic increases in the phylum Firmicutes, especially Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus, compared with the other groups during the treatment period. CBM 588 treatment modified the bacterial community composition at lower phylogenetic levels. Some bacterial taxa, such as Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, and Bacteroides, were significantly increased in the combination therapy group when compared with the other groups. In the metabolic analysis, CBM 588 enhanced lactic acid production. It also enhanced the efficiency of lactic acid use for the production of butyric acid. Only the clindamycin monotherapy group showed abnormal colon tissue, with superficial epithelial necrosis and the presence of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION CBM 588 treatment modulated the gut microbiota composition under dysbiosis due to the use of an antimicrobial with strong activity against anaerobes and significantly reduced epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Hagihara
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Rieko Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Asami Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kuroki
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Oka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Tsunemasa Nonogaki
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjyo Gakuin University, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
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229
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Vallès Y, Inman CK, Peters BA, Ali R, Wareth LA, Abdulle A, Alsafar H, Anouti FA, Dhaheri AA, Galani D, Haji M, Hamiz AA, Hosani AA, Houqani MA, Junaibi AA, Kazim M, Kirchhoff T, Mahmeed WA, Maskari FA, Alnaeemi A, Oumeziane N, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM, Weitzman M, Zaabi EA, Sherman S, Hayes RB, Ahn J. Types of tobacco consumption and the oral microbiome in the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future (UAEHFS) Pilot Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11327. [PMID: 30054546 PMCID: PMC6063860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking alters the oral microbiome; however, the effect of alternative tobacco products remains unclear. Middle Eastern tobacco products like dokha and shisha, are becoming globally widespread. We tested for the first time in a Middle Eastern population the hypothesis that different tobacco products impact the oral microbiome. The oral microbiome of 330 subjects from the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study was assessed by amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from mouthwash samples. Tobacco consumption was assessed using a structured questionnaire and further validated by urine cotinine levels. Oral microbiome overall structure and specific taxon abundances were compared, using PERMANOVA and DESeq analyses respectively. Our results show that overall microbial composition differs between smokers and nonsmokers (p = 0.0001). Use of cigarettes (p = 0.001) and dokha (p = 0.042) were associated with overall microbiome structure, while shisha use was not (p = 0.62). The abundance of multiple genera were significantly altered (enriched/depleted) in cigarette smokers; however, only Actinobacillus, Porphyromonas, Lautropia and Bifidobacterium abundances were significantly changed in dokha users whereas no genera were significantly altered in shisha smokers. For the first time, we show that smoking dokha is associated to oral microbiome dysbiosis, suggesting that it could have similar effects as smoking cigarettes on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Vallès
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Claire K Inman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Laila Abdel Wareth
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Abdishakur Abdulle
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayesha Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture; UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Divya Galani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muna Haji
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aisha Al Hamiz
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayesha Al Hosani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammed Al Houqani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Marina Kazim
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fatma Al Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | | | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Eiman Al Zaabi
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Scott Sherman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA.
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230
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Robak OH, Heimesaat MM, Kruglov AA, Prepens S, Ninnemann J, Gutbier B, Reppe K, Hochrein H, Suter M, Kirschning CJ, Marathe V, Buer J, Hornef MW, Schnare M, Schneider P, Witzenrath M, Bereswill S, Steinhoff U, Suttorp N, Sander LE, Chaput C, Opitz B. Antibiotic treatment-induced secondary IgA deficiency enhances susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3535-3545. [PMID: 29771684 DOI: 10.1172/jci97065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are widely used with patients in intensive care units (ICUs), many of whom develop hospital-acquired infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although preceding antimicrobial therapy is known as a major risk factor for P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that depletion of the resident microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment inhibited TLR-dependent production of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), resulting in a secondary IgA deficiency in the lung in mice and human ICU patients. Microbiota-dependent local IgA contributed to early antibacterial defense against P. aeruginosa. Consequently, P. aeruginosa-binding IgA purified from lamina propria culture or IgA hybridomas enhanced resistance of antibiotic-treated mice to P. aeruginosa infection after transnasal substitute. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the well-documented risk of P. aeruginosa infection following antimicrobial therapy, and we propose local administration of IgA as a novel prophylactic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H Robak
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sandra Prepens
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justus Ninnemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hochrein
- Department of Research Immunology, Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark Suter
- Universität Zürich, Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Veena Marathe
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Schnare
- Institute of Immunology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steinhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Catherine Chaput
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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Unique subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis in cirrhosis patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10718. [PMID: 30013030 PMCID: PMC6048062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a severe disease with major impact on the overall health of the patient including poor oral health. Lately, there has been increasing focus on oral diseases as cirrhosis-related complications due to the potential impact on systemic health and ultimately mortality. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases in cirrhosis patients. However, no studies have investigated the composition of the subgingival microbiome in patients suffering from periodontitis and liver cirrhosis. We analysed the subgingival microbiome in 21 patients with periodontitis and cirrhosis using long-reads Illumina sequencing. The subgingival microbiota was dominated by bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes phylum and to a lesser extend the Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla. Bacteria usually considered periodontal pathogens, like Porhyromonas ginigivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, generally showed low abundancy. Comparing the microbiota in our patients with that of periodontitis patients and healthy controls of three other studies revealed that the periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiota in cirrhosis patients is composed of a unique microbiota of bacteria not normally associated with periodontitis. We hypothesise that periodontitis in cirrhosis patients is a consequence of dysbiosis due to a compromised immune system that renders commensal bacteria pathogenic.
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232
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Recognition of conserved antigens by Th17 cells provides broad protection against pulmonary Haemophilus influenzae infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7149-E7157. [PMID: 29987031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802261115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of community acquired pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A current effort in NTHi vaccine development has focused on generating humoral responses and has been greatly impeded by antigenic variation among the numerous circulating NTHi strains. In this study, we showed that pulmonary immunization of mice with killed NTHi generated broad protection against lung infection by different strains. While passive transfer of immune antibodies protected only against the homologous strain, transfer of immune T cells conferred protection against both homologous and heterologous strains. Further characterization revealed a strong Th17 response that was cross-reactive with different NTHi strains. Responding Th17 cells recognized both cytosolic and membrane-associated antigens, while immune antibodies preferentially responded to surface antigens and were highly strain specific. We further identified several conserved proteins recognized by lung Th17 cells during NTHi infection. Two proteins yielding the strongest responses were tested as vaccine candidates by immunization of mice with purified proteins plus an adjuvant. Immunization induced antigen-specific Th17 cells that recognized different strains and, upon adoptive transfer, conferred protection. Furthermore, immunized mice were protected against challenge with not only NTHi strains but also a fully virulent, encapsulated strain. Together, these results show that the immune mechanism of cross-protection against pneumonia involves Th17 cells, which respond to a broad spectrum of antigens, including those that are highly conserved among NTHi strains. These mechanistic insights suggest that inclusion of Th17 antigens in subunit vaccines offers the advantage of inducing broad protection and complements the current antibody-based approaches.
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233
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Tranberg A, Thorarinsdottir HR, Holmberg A, Schött U, Klarin B. Proton pump inhibitor medication is associated with colonisation of gut flora in the oropharynx. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2018. [PMID: 29520757 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The normal body exists in mutualistic balance with a large range of microbiota. The primary goal of this study was to establish whether there is an imbalance in the oropharyngeal flora early after hospital or ICU admittance, and whether flora differs between control, ward and critically ill patients. The secondary goal was to explore whether there are patient characteristics that can be associated with a disturbed oropharyngeal flora. METHODS Oropharyngeal cultures were obtained from three different study groups: (1) controls from the community, (2) ward patients and (3) critically ill patients, the two latter within 24 h after admittance. RESULTS Cultures were obtained from 487 individuals: 77 controls, 193 ward patients and 217 critically ill patients. Abnormal pharyngeal flora was more frequent in critically ill and ward patients compared with controls (62.2% and 10.4% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Colonisation of gut flora in the oropharynx was more frequent in critically ill patients compared with ward patients or controls (26.3% vs. 4.7% and 1.3%, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Proton pump inhibitor medication was the strongest independent factor associated with the presence of gut flora in the oropharynx in both ward and critically ill patients (P = 0.030 and P = 0.044, respectively). CONCLUSION This study indicates that abnormal oropharyngeal flora is an early and frequent event in hospitalised patients and more so in the critically ill, compared to controls. Proton pump inhibitor medication is associated with colonisation of gut flora in the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Tranberg
- Division of Intensive and Perioperative Care; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - H. R. Thorarinsdottir
- Division of Intensive and Perioperative Care; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - A. Holmberg
- Division of Infection Medicine; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - U. Schött
- Division of Intensive and Perioperative Care; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - B. Klarin
- Division of Intensive and Perioperative Care; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
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234
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Jenior ML, Leslie JL, Young VB, Schloss PD. Clostridium difficile Alters the Structure and Metabolism of Distinct Cecal Microbiomes during Initial Infection To Promote Sustained Colonization. mSphere 2018; 3:e00261-18. [PMID: 29950381 PMCID: PMC6021602 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00261-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is primarily associated with previous exposure to antibiotics, which compromise the structure and function of the gut bacterial community. Specific antibiotic classes correlate more strongly with recurrent or persistent C. difficile infection. As such, we utilized a mouse model of infection to explore the effect of distinct antibiotic classes on the impact that infection has on community-level transcription and metabolic signatures shortly following pathogen colonization and how those changes may associate with persistence of C. difficile Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that C. difficile infection had significantly larger impacts on the metabolic environment across cefoperazone- and streptomycin-pretreated mice, which became persistently colonized compared to clindamycin-pretreated mice, where infection quickly became undetectable. Through metagenome-enabled metatranscriptomics, we observed that transcripts for genes associated with carbon and energy acquisition were greatly reduced in infected animals, suggesting that those niches were instead occupied by C. difficile Furthermore, the largest changes in transcription were seen in the least abundant species, indicating that C. difficile may "attack the loser" in gut environments where sustained infection occurs more readily. Overall, our results suggest that C. difficile is able to restructure the nutrient-niche landscape in the gut to promote persistent infection.IMPORTANCEClostridium difficile has become the most common single cause of hospital-acquired infection over the last decade in the United States. Colonization resistance to the nosocomial pathogen is primarily provided by the gut microbiota, which is also involved in clearing the infection as the community recovers from perturbation. As distinct antibiotics are associated with different risk levels for CDI, we utilized a mouse model of infection with 3 separate antibiotic pretreatment regimens to generate alternative gut microbiomes that each allowed for C. difficile colonization but varied in clearance rate. To assess community-level dynamics, we implemented an integrative multi-omics approach that revealed that infection significantly changed many aspects of the gut community. The degree to which the community changed was inversely correlated with clearance during the first 6 days of infection, suggesting that C. difficile differentially modifies the gut environment to promote persistence. This is the first time that metagenome-enabled metatranscriptomics have been employed to study the behavior of a host-associated microbiota in response to an infection. Our results allow for a previously unseen understanding of the ecology associated with C. difficile infection and provide the groundwork for identification of context-specific probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Jenior
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jhansi L Leslie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick D Schloss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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235
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Guidry CA, Shah PM, Dietch ZC, Elwood NR, Krebs ED, Mehaffey JH, Sawyer RG. Recent Anti-Microbial Exposure Is Associated with More Complications after Elective Surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2018; 19:473-479. [PMID: 29883278 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2018.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent anti-microbial exposure has been associated with poor outcomes after infection in a mixed population. We hypothesized that recent anti-microbial exposure would be associated with poor outcomes of elective surgery. METHODS From August 2015 to August 2016, all elective surgical patients were questioned prospectively about anti-microbial exposure during the prior three months. Multivariable models were used to calculate risk-adjusted odds ratios for anti-microbial exposure controlling for surgeon influence. Primary outcomes were any serious complication, any complication, any infection, and surgical site infection. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, C. difficile infection, and death. A separate analysis of patients excluding those having colorectal surgery who had undergone an oral antibiotic bowel preparation also was performed. RESULTS Ninety-four percent of eligible patients (n = 1,538) answered the exposure question, with a three-month anti-microbial exposure rate of 34.1%. Colorectal surgery patients had the highest exposure rate, whereas hernia patients had the lowest. Exposed patients had higher rates of any complication, any infection, and surgical site infection, as well as a median two-day longer hospital stay. There were no differences in C. difficile infection or death between the groups. After risk adjustment, anti-microbial exposure was independently associated with any serious complication for all patients as well as with complications and infection in patients having an operation other than colorectal surgery. CONCLUSION Recent anti-microbial exposure is associated with more complications of elective surgery. Anti-microbial drug-induced alterations in microbiome-related inflammatory responses may play a role, highlighting an opportunity for pre-surgical intervention in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Guidry
- 1 Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Puja M Shah
- 2 Department of Surgery, The University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zachary C Dietch
- 2 Department of Surgery, The University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nathan R Elwood
- 2 Department of Surgery, The University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Elizabeth D Krebs
- 2 Department of Surgery, The University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- 2 Department of Surgery, The University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert G Sawyer
- 3 Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, Michigan
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236
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Microbiota Composition and the Integration of Exogenous and Endogenous Signals in Reactive Nasal Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2724951. [PMID: 29967798 PMCID: PMC6008798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2724951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of reactive nasal inflammatory conditions, for example, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis, is steadily increasing in parallel with significant environmental changes worldwide. Allergens and as yet undefined environmental agents may trigger these conditions via the involvement of host intrinsic factors, including the innate and adaptive immune system, the nasal epithelium, and the nasal nervous system. The critical role of the nasal microbiota in coordinating these components has emerged in recent studies documenting a significant association between microbial composition and the onset and progression of allergic or nonallergic inflammation. It is now clear that the local microbiota is a major player in the development of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and in the regulation of such adaptive responses as IgA production and the function of effector and regulatory T cells. Microbial components also play a major role in the regulation of epithelial barrier functions, including mucus production and the control of paracellular transport across tight junctions. Bacterial components, including lipopolysaccharide, have also been shown to induce or amplify neuroinflammatory responses by engaging specific nociceptors. Finally, bacterial products may promote tissue remodeling processes, including nasal polyp formation, by interacting with formyl peptide receptors and inducing the expression of angiogenic factors and matrix-degrading enzymes.
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237
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Chen C, Hemme C, Beleno J, Shi ZJ, Ning D, Qin Y, Tu Q, Jorgensen M, He Z, Wu L, Zhou J. Oral microbiota of periodontal health and disease and their changes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:1210-1224. [PMID: 29339824 PMCID: PMC5932080 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-017-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the microbial diversity and community assembly of oral microbiota in periodontal health and disease and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. The V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from DNA of 238 saliva and subgingival samples of 21 healthy and 48 diseased subjects was amplified and sequenced. Among 1979 OTUs identified, 28 were overabundant in diseased plaque. Six of these taxa were also overabundant in diseased saliva. Twelve OTUs were overabundant in healthy plaque. There was a trend for disease-associated taxa to decrease and health-associated taxa to increase after treatment with notable variations among individual sites. Network analysis revealed modularity of the microbial communities and identified several health- and disease-specific modules. Ecological drift was a major factor that governed community turnovers in both plaque and saliva. Dispersal limitation and homogeneous selection affected the community assembly in plaque, with the additional contribution of homogenizing dispersal for plaque within individuals. Homogeneous selection and dispersal limitation played important roles, respectively, in healthy saliva and diseased pre-treatment saliva between individuals. Our results revealed distinctions in both taxa and assembly processes of oral microbiota between periodontal health and disease. Furthermore, the community assembly analysis has identified potentially effective approaches for managing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Chris Hemme
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Joan Beleno
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhou Jason Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Yujia Qin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Qichao Tu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Michael Jorgensen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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238
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Oral microbiota reveals signs of acculturation in Mexican American women. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194100. [PMID: 29694348 PMCID: PMC5918619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome has been linked to a number of chronic inflammatory conditions, including obesity, diabetes, periodontitis, and cancers of the stomach and liver. These conditions disproportionately affect Mexican American women, yet few studies have examined the oral microbiota in this at-risk group. We characterized the 16S rDNA oral microbiome in 369 non-smoking women enrolled in the MD Anderson Mano a Mano Mexican American Cohort Study. Lower bacterial diversity, a potential indicator of oral health, was associated with increased age and length of US residency among recent immigrants. Grouping women by overarching bacterial community type (e.g., “Streptococcus,” “Fusobacterium,” and “Prevotella” clusters), we observed differences across a number of acculturation-related variables, including nativity, age at immigration, time in the US, country of longest residence, and a multi-dimensional acculturation scale. Participants in the cluster typified by higher abundance of Streptococcus spp. exhibited the lowest bacterial diversity and appeared the most acculturated as compared to women in the “Prevotella” group. Computationally-predicted functional analysis suggested the Streptococcus-dominated bacterial community had greater potential for carbohydrate metabolism while biosynthesis of essential amino acids and nitrogen metabolism prevailed among the Prevotella-high group. Findings suggest immigration and adaption to life in the US, a well-established mediator of disease risk, is associated with differences in oral microbial profiles in Mexican American women. These results warrant further investigation into the joint and modifying effects of acculturation and oral bacteria on the health of Mexican American women and other immigrant populations. The oral microbiome presents an easily accessible biomarker of disease risk, spanning biological, behavioral, and environmental factors.
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239
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Impact of Long-Term Erythromycin Therapy on the Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Resistance Gene Reservoir in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. mSphere 2018; 3:3/2/e00103-18. [PMID: 29669883 PMCID: PMC5907653 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00103-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent demonstrations that long-term macrolide therapy can prevent exacerbations in chronic airways diseases have led to a dramatic increase in their use. However, little is known about the wider, potentially adverse impacts of these treatments. Substantial disruption of the upper airway commensal microbiota might reduce its contribution to host defense and local immune regulation, while increases in macrolide resistance carriage would represent a serious public health concern. Using samples from a randomized controlled trial, we show that low-dose erythromycin given over 48 weeks influences the composition of the oropharyngeal commensal microbiota. We report that macrolide therapy is associated with significant changes in the relative abundances of members of the Actinomyces genus and with significant increases in the carriage of transmissible macrolide resistance. Determining the clinical significance of these changes, relative to treatment benefit, now represents a research priority. Long-term macrolide therapy reduces rates of pulmonary exacerbation in bronchiectasis. However, little is known about the potential for macrolide therapy to alter the composition and function of the oropharyngeal commensal microbiota or to increase the carriage of transmissible antimicrobial resistance. We assessed the effect of long-term erythromycin on oropharyngeal microbiota composition and the carriage of transmissible macrolide resistance genes in 84 adults with bronchiectasis, enrolled in the Bronchiectasis and Low-dose Erythromycin Study (BLESS) 48-week placebo-controlled trial of twice-daily erythromycin ethylsuccinate (400 mg). Oropharyngeal microbiota composition and macrolide resistance gene carriage were determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR, respectively. Long-term erythromycin treatment was associated with a significant increase in the relative abundance of oropharyngeal Haemophilus parainfluenzae (P = 0.041) and with significant decreases in the relative abundances of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae (P = 0.024) and Actinomyces odontolyticus (P = 0.027). Validation of the sequencing results by quantitative PCR confirmed a significant decrease in the abundance of Actinomyces spp. (P = 0.046). Erythromycin treatment did not result in a significant increase in the number of subjects who carried erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), mef(A/E), and msrA macrolide resistance genes. However, the abundance of erm(B) and mef(A/E) gene copies within carriers who had received erythromycin increased significantly (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that changes in oropharyngeal microbiota composition resulting from long-term erythromycin treatment are modest and are limited to a discrete group of taxa. Associated increases in levels of transmissible antibiotic resistance genes within the oropharyngeal microbiota highlight the potential for this microbial system to act as a reservoir for resistance. IMPORTANCE Recent demonstrations that long-term macrolide therapy can prevent exacerbations in chronic airways diseases have led to a dramatic increase in their use. However, little is known about the wider, potentially adverse impacts of these treatments. Substantial disruption of the upper airway commensal microbiota might reduce its contribution to host defense and local immune regulation, while increases in macrolide resistance carriage would represent a serious public health concern. Using samples from a randomized controlled trial, we show that low-dose erythromycin given over 48 weeks influences the composition of the oropharyngeal commensal microbiota. We report that macrolide therapy is associated with significant changes in the relative abundances of members of the Actinomyces genus and with significant increases in the carriage of transmissible macrolide resistance. Determining the clinical significance of these changes, relative to treatment benefit, now represents a research priority.
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240
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Gautam A, Kumar R, Chakraborty N, Muhie S, Hoke A, Hammamieh R, Jett M. Altered fecal microbiota composition in all male aggressor-exposed rodent model simulating features of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1311-1323. [PMID: 29633335 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bidirectional role of gut-brain axis that integrates the gut and central nervous system activities has recently been investigated. We studied "cage-within-cage resident-intruder" all-male model, where subject male mice (C57BL/6J) are exposed to aggressor mice (SJL albino), and gut microbiota-derived metabolites were identified in plasma after 10 days of exposure. We assessed 16S ribosomal RNA gene from fecal samples collected daily from these mice during the 10-day study. Alpha diversity using Chao indices indicated no change in diversity in aggressor-exposed samples. The abundance profile showed the top phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, respectively. The phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are vulnerable to PTSD-eliciting stress and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increases with stress. Principal coordinate analysis showed the control and aggressor-exposed samples cluster separately where samples from early time points (day 1-3) clustered together and were distinct from late time points (day 4-9). The genus-based analysis revealed all control time points clustered together and aggressor-exposed samples had multiple clusters. The decrease in proportion of Firmicutes after aggressor exposure persisted throughout the study. The proportion of Verrucomicrobia immediately decreased and was significantly shifted at most of the later time points. The genus Oscillospira, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia and Anaeroplasma are the top four genera that differed between control and stressor-exposed mice. The data showed immediate effect on microbiome composition during a 10 day time period of stress exposure. Studying the longitudinal effects of a stressor is an important step toward an improved mechanistic understanding of the microbiome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gautam
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Raina Kumar
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.,Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.,The Geneva Foundation, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Seid Muhie
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.,The Geneva Foundation, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Allison Hoke
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.,The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Marti Jett
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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241
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Dysbiosis of the salivary microbiota in pediatric-onset primary sclerosing cholangitis and its potential as a biomarker. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5480. [PMID: 29615776 PMCID: PMC5882660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a liver disease known for its frequent concurrence with inflammatory bowel disease. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in PSC was reported in several studies, but the microbiological features of the salivary microbiota in PSC have not been established. Here we compared the salivary microbial communities of 24 pediatric-onset PSC patients, 16 age-matched ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 24 healthy controls (HCs) by analyzing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence data. The species-richness (α-diversity) showed no significant between-group differences, whereas the overall salivary microbiota structure (β-diversity) showed significant differences among the three groups. Taxonomic assignment revealed that the PSC salivary microbiota were characterized by significant decreases in the abundance of Rothia and Haemophilus compared to the HC group, and significantly decreased Haemophilus and increased Oribacterium compared to the UC group. By combining the genera selected by the random forest algorithm in machine learning, followed by confirmation with 10-fold cross-validation, we were able to distinguish the PSC group from the HC group with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7423, and from the UC group with the AUC of 0.8756. Our results indicate the potential of salivary microbiota as biomarkers for a noninvasive diagnosis of PSC.
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Jahnsen FL, Bækkevold ES, Hov JR, Landsverk OJ. Do Long-Lived Plasma Cells Maintain a Healthy Microbiota in the Gut? Trends Immunol 2018; 39:196-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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243
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Goff DA, File TM. The risk of prescribing antibiotics “just-in-case” there is infection. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.scrs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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244
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Vogtmann E, Hua X, Zhou L, Wan Y, Suman S, Zhu B, Dagnall CL, Hutchinson A, Jones K, Hicks BD, Sinha R, Shi J, Abnet CC. Temporal Variability of Oral Microbiota over 10 Months and the Implications for Future Epidemiologic Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:594-600. [PMID: 29475969 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have prospectively evaluated the association between oral microbiota and health outcomes. Precise estimates of the intrasubject microbial metric stability will allow better study planning. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the temporal variability of oral microbiota.Methods: Forty individuals provided six oral samples using the OMNIgene ORAL kit and Scope mouthwash oral rinses approximately every two months over 10 months. DNA was extracted using the QIAsymphony and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq. To estimate temporal variation, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for a variety of metrics and examined stability after clustering samples into distinct community types using Dirichlet multinomial models (DMMs).Results: The ICCs for the alpha diversity measures were high, including for number of observed bacterial species [0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.82 and 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75-0.94] from OMNIgene ORAL and Scope mouthwash, respectively. The ICCs for the relative abundance of the top four phyla and beta diversity matrices were lower. Three clusters provided the best model fit for the DMM from the OMNIgene ORAL samples, and the probability of remaining in a specific cluster was high (59.5%-80.7%).Conclusions: The oral microbiota appears to be stable over time for multiple metrics, but some measures, particularly relative abundance, were less stable.Impact: We used this information to calculate stability-adjusted power calculations that will inform future field study protocols and experimental analytic designs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 594-600. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vogtmann
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Xing Hua
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liang Zhou
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shalabh Suman
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Leong KSW, Derraik JGB, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Antibiotics, gut microbiome and obesity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:185-200. [PMID: 29023853 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been hailed by many as "miracle drugs" that have been effectively treating infectious diseases for over a century, leading to a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality. However, with the increasing use of antibiotics, we are now faced not only with the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance, but also with a rising concern about potential long-term effects of antibiotics on human health, including the development of obesity. The obesity pandemic continues to increase, a problem that affects both adults and children alike. Disruptions to the gut microbiome have been linked to a multitude of adverse conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, anxiety, autism, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the association between antibiotics and obesity, and the role of the gut microbiome. There is strong evidence supporting the role of antibiotics in the development of obesity in well-controlled animal models. However, evidence for this link in humans is still inconclusive, and we need further well-designed clinical trials to clarify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S W Leong
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul L Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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246
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Antibiotic Persistence as a Metabolic Adaptation: Stress, Metabolism, the Host, and New Directions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11010014. [PMID: 29389876 PMCID: PMC5874710 DOI: 10.3390/ph11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence is a phenomenon during which a small fraction of a total bacterial population survives treatment with high concentrations of antibiotics for an extended period of time. In conjunction with biofilms, antibiotic persisters represent a major cause of recalcitrant and recurring infections, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of persister cells and the central role of bacterial metabolism in their formation, specifically with respect to carbon catabolite repression, sugar metabolism, and growth regulation. Additionally, we will examine persister formation as an evolutionary strategy used to tolerate extended periods of stress and discuss some of the response mechanisms implicated in their formation. To date, the vast majority of the mechanistic research examining persistence has been conducted in artificial in vitro environments that are unlikely to be representative of host conditions. Throughout this review, we contextualize the existing body of literature by discussing how in vivo conditions may create ecological niches that facilitate the development of persistence. Lastly, we identify how the development of next-generation sequencing and other “big data” tools may enable researchers to examine persistence mechanisms within the host to expand our understanding of their clinical importance.
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247
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Doan T, Arzika AM, Ray KJ, Cotter SY, Kim J, Maliki R, Zhong L, Zhou Z, Porco TC, Vanderschelden B, Keenan JD, Lietman TM. Gut Microbial Diversity in Antibiotic-Naive Children After Systemic Antibiotic Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 64:1147-1153. [PMID: 28402408 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic exposure can alter the gut microbiome. We evaluate the effects of azithromycin on the gut microbiome diversity of children from an antibiotic-naive community in Niger. Methods A population-based sample of 80 children aged 1-60 months in the Dosso region of Niger was randomized to receive a single dose of either oral azithromycin or placebo. Fecal samples were collected immediately before treatment and 5 days after treatment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The prespecified outcome was α-diversity (inverse Simpson's α-diversity index), with secondary outcomes of β and γ Simpson's and Shannon's diversities. Results At 5 days after treatment, 40 children aged 1-60 months were analyzed in the azithromycin-treated group and 40 children in the placebo-treated group. Diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly lower in the treated group (inverse Simpson's α-diversity, 5.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.08-6.14) than in the placebo group (6.91; 95% CI, 5.82-8.21; P = .03). Similarly, the Shannon's α-diversity was lower in the treated group (10.60; 95% CI, 8.82-12.36) than the placebo group (15.42; 95% CI, 13.24-17.80; P = .004). Simpson's community-level (γ) diversity decreased with azithromycin exposure from 17.72 (95% CI, 13.80-20.21) to 10.10 (95% CI, 7.80-11.40; P = .00008), although β-diversity was not significantly reduced (2.56, 95% CI, 1.88-3.12; to 2.01, 95% CI, 1.46-2.51; P = .26). Conclusions Oral administration of azithromycin definitively decreases the diversity of the gut microbiome of children in an antibiotic-naive community. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02048007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Doan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Kathryn J Ray
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sun Y Cotter
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Kim
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Lina Zhong
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhaoxia Zhou
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Travis C Porco
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Vanderschelden
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D Keenan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas M Lietman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Medical Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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248
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Hu J, Iragavarapu S, Nadkarni GN, Huang R, Erazo M, Bao X, Verghese D, Coca S, Ahmed MK, Peter I. Location-Specific Oral Microbiome Possesses Features Associated With CKD. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3:193-204. [PMID: 29340331 PMCID: PMC5762954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a progressive loss of renal function, can lead to serious complications if underdiagnosed. Many studies suggest that the oral microbiota plays important role in the health of the host; however, little is known about the association between the oral microbiota and CKD pathogenesis. METHODS In this study, we surveyed the oral microbiota in saliva, the left and right molars, and the anterior mandibular lingual area from 77 participants (18 with and 59 without CKD), and tested their association with CKD to identify microbial features that may be predictive of CKD status. RESULTS The overall oral microbiota composition significantly differed by oral locations and was associated with CKD status in saliva and anterior mandibular lingual samples. In CKD patients, we observed a significant enrichment of Neisseria and depletion of Veillonella in both sample types and a lower prevalence of Streptococcus in saliva after adjustment for other comorbidities. Furthermore, we detected a negative association of Neisseria and Streptococcus genera with the kidney function as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate. Neisseria abundance also correlated with plasma interleukin-18 levels. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the association of the oral microbiome with CKD and inflammatory kidney biomarkers, highlighting a potential role of the commensal bacteria in CKD pathogenesis. A better understanding of the interplay between the oral microbiota and CKD may help in the development of new strategies to identify at-risk individuals or to serve as a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Girish N. Nadkarni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and the Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Monica Erazo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiuliang Bao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Divya Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and the Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Coca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and the Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mairaj K. Ahmed
- Departments of Dentistry/Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology and Plastic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Scotti E, Boué S, Sasso GL, Zanetti F, Belcastro V, Poussin C, Sierro N, Battey J, Gimalac A, Ivanov NV, Hoeng J. Exploring the microbiome in health and disease. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847317741884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of human microbiome is an exciting and rapidly expanding field of research. In the past decade, the biological relevance of the microbiome for human health has become evident. Microbiome comprises a complex collection of microorganisms, with their genes and metabolites, colonizing different body niches. It is now well known that the microbiome interacts with its host, assisting in the bioconversion of nutrients and detoxification, supporting immunity, protecting against pathogenic microbes, and maintaining health. Remarkable new findings showed that our microbiome not only primarily affects the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract but also has a strong influence on general body health through its close interaction with the nervous system and the lung. Therefore, a perfect and sensitive balanced interaction of microbes with the host is required for a healthy body. In fact, growing evidence suggests that the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota can be influenced by many factors, including genetics, diet, age, and toxicological agents like cigarette smoke, environmental contaminants, and drugs. The disruption of this balance, that is called dysbiosis, is associated with a plethora of diseases, including metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontitis, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The importance of the host microbiome for the human health has also led to the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches focused on the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful roles. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate not only the role of microbiome in health conditions and the possible link with various types of diseases but also the influence of various toxicological factors on the microbial composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scotti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Stéphanie Boué
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Vincenzo Belcastro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Carine Poussin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - James Battey
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Anne Gimalac
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
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250
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Rosier BT, Marsh PD, Mira A. Resilience of the Oral Microbiota in Health: Mechanisms That Prevent Dysbiosis. J Dent Res 2017; 97:371-380. [PMID: 29195050 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517742139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental diseases are now viewed as a consequence of a deleterious shift in the balance of the normally stable resident oral microbiome. It is known that frequent carbohydrate consumption or reduced saliva flow can lead to caries, and excessive plaque accumulation increases the risk of periodontal diseases. However, when these "disease drivers" are present, while some individuals appear to be susceptible, others are more tolerant or resilient to suffering from undesirable changes in their oral microbiome. Health-maintaining mechanisms that limit the effect of disease drivers include the complex set of metabolic and functional interrelationships that develop within dental biofilms and between biofilms and the host. In contrast, "positive feedback loops" can develop within these microbial communities that disrupt resilience and provoke a large and abrupt change in function and structure of the ecosystem (a microbial "regime shift"), which promotes dysbiosis and oral disease. For instance, acidification due to carbohydrate fermentation or inflammation in response to accumulated plaque select for a cariogenic or periopathogenic microbiota, respectively, in a chain of self-reinforcing events. Conversely, in tolerant individuals, health-maintaining mechanisms, including negative feedback to the drivers, can maintain resilience and promote resistance to and recovery from disease drivers. Recently studied health-maintaining mechanisms include ammonia production, limiting a drop in pH that can lead to caries, and denitrification, which could inhibit several stages of disease-associated positive feedback loops. Omics studies comparing the microbiome of, and its interaction with, susceptible and tolerant hosts can detect markers of resilience. The neutralization or inhibition of disease drivers, together with the identification and promotion of health-promoting species and functions, for example, by pre- and probiotics, could enhance microbiome resilience and lead to new strategies to prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Rosier
- 1 Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - P D Marsh
- 2 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - A Mira
- 1 Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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