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Wu Z, Pfeiffer RM, Byrd DA, Wan Y, Ansong D, Clegg-Lamptey JN, Wiafe-Addai B, Edusei L, Adjei E, Titiloye N, Dedey F, Aitpillah F, Oppong J, Vanderpuye V, Osei-Bonsu E, Dagnall CL, Jones K, Hutchinson A, Hicks BD, Ahearn TU, Knight R, Biritwum R, Yarney J, Wiafe S, Awuah B, Nyarko K, Garcia-Closas M, Sinha R, Figueroa JD, Brinton LA, Trabert B, Vogtmann E. Associations of Circulating Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites with Fecal and Oral Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women in the Ghana Breast Health Study. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0157223. [PMID: 37341612 PMCID: PMC10433996 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01572-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human fecal and oral microbiome may play a role in the etiology of breast cancer through modulation of endogenous estrogen metabolism. This study aimed to investigate associations of circulating estrogens and estrogen metabolites with the fecal and oral microbiome in postmenopausal African women. A total of 117 women with fecal (N = 110) and oral (N = 114) microbiome data measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and estrogens and estrogen metabolites data measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were included. The outcomes were measures of the microbiome and the independent variables were the estrogens and estrogen metabolites. Estrogens and estrogen metabolites were associated with the fecal microbial Shannon index (global P < 0.01). In particular, higher levels of estrone (β = 0.36, P = 0.03), 2-hydroxyestradiol (β = 0.30, P = 0.02), 4-methoxyestrone (β = 0.51, P = 0.01), and estriol (β = 0.36, P = 0.04) were associated with higher levels of the Shannon index, while 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (β = -0.57, P < 0.01) was inversely associated with the Shannon index as indicated by linear regression. Conjugated 2-methoxyestrone was associated with oral microbial unweighted UniFrac as indicated by MiRKAT (P < 0.01) and PERMANOVA, where conjugated 2-methoxyestrone explained 2.67% of the oral microbial variability, but no other estrogens or estrogen metabolites were associated with any other beta diversity measures. The presence and abundance of multiple fecal and oral genera, such as fecal genera from families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, were associated with several estrogens and estrogen metabolites as indicated by zero-inflated negative binomial regression. Overall, we found several associations of specific estrogens and estrogen metabolites and the fecal and oral microbiome. IMPORTANCE Several epidemiologic studies have found associations of urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites with the fecal microbiome. However, urinary estrogen concentrations are not strongly correlated with serum estrogens, a known risk factor for breast cancer. To better understand whether the human fecal and oral microbiome were associated with breast cancer risk via the regulation of estrogen metabolism, we conducted this study to investigate the associations of circulating estrogens and estrogen metabolites with the fecal and oral microbiome in postmenopausal African women. We found several associations of parent estrogens and several estrogen metabolites with the microbial communities, and multiple individual associations of estrogens and estrogen metabolites with the presence and abundance of multiple fecal and oral genera, such as fecal genera from families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which have estrogen metabolizing properties. Future large, longitudinal studies to investigate the dynamic changes of the fecal and oral microbiome and estrogen relationship are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Doratha A. Byrd
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Casey L. Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Belynda D. Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas U. Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Seth Wiafe
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | | | | | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Usher Institute and CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A. Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Erickson PA, Chang VC, Dagnall CL, Teshome K, Machiela MJ, Barry KH, Gadalla SM, Freeman LEB, Andreotti G, Hofmann JN. Abstract 4220: Occupational pesticide use and relative leukocyte telomere length in the biomarkers of exposure and effect in agriculture study. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Previous epidemiologic studies have reported increased risks of certain cancers in relation to specific pesticide exposures, although the mechanisms underlying many of these associations remain poorly understood. Within the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) study, a molecular epidemiologic investigation of pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina, we examined whether occupational use of pesticides is associated with alterations in leukocyte telomere length. Telomeres are essential in maintaining chromosomal stability and altered telomere length has been linked to various malignancies.
Methods: Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured using quantitative PCR in leukocytes from 1,539 male pesticide applicators ≥50 years of age. Using self-reported information on pesticide use, we characterized lifetime use of specific pesticides in terms of ever use and intensity-weighted lifetime days (IWLDs), a metric integrating total lifetime days of use and other factors influencing exposure. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate differences in geometric mean RTL (and corresponding 95% confidence intervals) by ever vs. never use of 48 pesticides and in exposure-response analyses for IWLDs of use of 46 pesticides, adjusting for age, state of residence, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and cigarette smoking status and pack-years.
Results: Among ever users of the insecticides lindane and aldicarb, mean RTL was significantly longer compared to never users (p=0.01 and 0.03, respectively); in exposure-response analyses, we also observed a suggestive but non-statistically significant trend between increasing IWLDs of lindane use and longer RTL (p-trend=0.07). Higher IWLDs of use of the insecticide diazinon was also associated with longer RTL (p-trend=0.03) while increasing IWLDs of the insecticide heptachlor and the herbicide 2,4,5-TP were associated with shorter RTL (p-trends=0.04 and 0.03, respectively).
Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the largest investigation of occupational pesticide use and RTL to date. Our findings provide novel evidence suggesting that use of certain pesticides could be associated with altered leukocyte telomere length. Notably, diazinon and lindane have previously been associated with increased risks of lung and lymphoid malignancies, respectively, and longer leukocyte telomere length has been implicated in the development of these cancers.
Citation Format: Patricia A. Erickson, Vicky C. Chang, Casey L. Dagnall, Kedest Teshome, Mitchell J. Machiela, Kathryn H. Barry, Shahinaz M. Gadalla, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Gabriella Andreotti, Jonathan N. Hofmann. Occupational pesticide use and relative leukocyte telomere length in the biomarkers of exposure and effect in agriculture study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4220.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicky C. Chang
- 1National Cancer Inst. Div. of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Rockville, MD
| | - Casey L. Dagnall
- 2Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Rockville, MD
| | - Kedest Teshome
- 2Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Rockville, MD
| | | | | | - Shahinaz M. Gadalla
- 1National Cancer Inst. Div. of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Gabriella Andreotti
- 1National Cancer Inst. Div. of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Rockville, MD
| | - Jonathan N. Hofmann
- 1National Cancer Inst. Div. of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Rockville, MD
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3
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Lee OW, Rodrigues C, Lin SH, Luo W, Jones K, Brown DW, Zhou W, Karlins E, Khan SM, Baulande S, Raynal V, Surdez D, Reynaud S, Rubio RA, Zaidi S, Grossetête S, Ballet S, Lapouble E, Laurence V, Pierron G, Gaspar N, Corradini N, Marec-Bérard P, Rothman N, Dagnall CL, Burdett L, Manning M, Wyatt K, Yeager M, Chari R, Leisenring WM, Kulozik AE, Kriebel J, Meitinger T, Strauch K, Kirchner T, Dirksen U, Mirabello L, Tucker MA, Tirode F, Armstrong GT, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Yasui Y, Romero-Pérez L, Hartmann W, Metzler M, Diver WR, Lori A, Freedman ND, Hoover RN, Morton LM, Chanock SJ, Grünewald TGP, Delattre O, Machiela MJ. Targeted long-read sequencing of the Ewing sarcoma 6p25.1 susceptibility locus identifies germline-somatic interactions with EWSR1-FLI1 binding. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:427-441. [PMID: 36787739 PMCID: PMC10027473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare bone and soft tissue malignancy driven by chromosomal translocations encoding chimeric transcription factors, such as EWSR1-FLI1, that bind GGAA motifs forming novel enhancers that alter nearby expression. We propose that germline microsatellite variation at the 6p25.1 EwS susceptibility locus could impact downstream gene expression and EwS biology. We performed targeted long-read sequencing of EwS blood DNA to characterize variation and genomic features important for EWSR1-FLI1 binding. We identified 50 microsatellite alleles at 6p25.1 and observed that EwS-affected individuals had longer alleles (>135 bp) with more GGAA repeats. The 6p25.1 GGAA microsatellite showed chromatin features of an EWSR1-FLI1 enhancer and regulated expression of RREB1, a transcription factor associated with RAS/MAPK signaling. RREB1 knockdown reduced proliferation and clonogenic potential and reduced expression of cell cycle and DNA replication genes. Our integrative analysis at 6p25.1 details increased binding of longer GGAA microsatellite alleles with acquired EWSR-FLI1 to promote Ewing sarcomagenesis by RREB1-mediated proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia W Lee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Calvin Rodrigues
- Inserm U830, PSL Université, Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Shu-Hong Lin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wen Luo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Derek W Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Sairah M Khan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing Platform, PSL Université, Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Raynal
- ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing Platform, PSL Université, Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Didier Surdez
- Inserm U830, PSL Université, Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Balgrist University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Reynaud
- SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Unité de Génétique Somatique, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie Hospital, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rebeca Alba Rubio
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- Inserm U830, PSL Université, Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Grossetête
- Inserm U830, PSL Université, Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stelly Ballet
- SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Unité de Génétique Somatique, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie Hospital, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eve Lapouble
- SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Unité de Génétique Somatique, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie Hospital, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Gaelle Pierron
- SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Unité de Génétique Somatique, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie Hospital, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- Department of Oncology for Child and Adolescent, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Nadège Corradini
- Institute for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Leon Bérard Cancer Centre, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Perrine Marec-Bérard
- Institute for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Leon Bérard Cancer Centre, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Michelle Manning
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kathleen Wyatt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Genome Modification Core Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- University Children's Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- University Children's Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Franck Tirode
- Inserm U830, PSL Université, Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura Romero-Pérez
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany; Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard- Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Metzler
- University Children's Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany; Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Inserm U830, PSL Université, Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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4
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Wu Z, Han Y, Wan Y, Hua X, Chill SS, Teshome K, Zhou W, Liu J, Wu D, Hutchinson A, Jones K, Dagnall CL, Hicks BD, Liao L, Hallen-Adams H, Shi J, Abnet CC, Sinha R, Chaturvedi A, Vogtmann E. Oral microbiome and risk of incident head and neck cancer: A nested case-control study. Oral Oncol 2023; 137:106305. [PMID: 36610232 PMCID: PMC9877180 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This nested case-control study in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study was carried out to prospectively investigate the relationship of oral microbiome with head and neck cancer (HNC). MATERIALS AND METHODS 56 incident HNC cases were identified, and 112 controls were incidence-density matched to cases. DNA extracted from pre-diagnostic oral wash samples was whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequenced to measure the overall oral microbiome. ITS2 gene qPCR was used to measure the presence of fungi. ITS2 gene sequencing was performed on ITS2 gene qPCR positive samples. We computed taxonomic and functional alpha-diversity and beta-diversity metrics. The presence and relative abundance of groups of red-complex (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis) and/or orange-complex (e.g., Fusobacterium nucleatum) periodontal pathogens were compared between cases and controls using conditional logistic regression models and MiRKAT. RESULTS Participants with higher taxonomic microbial alpha-diversity had a non-statistically significant decreased risk of HNC. No case-control differences were found for beta diversity by MiRKAT model (all p > 0.05). A greater relative abundance of red-complex periodontal pathogens (OR = 0.51, 95 % CI = 0.26-1.00), orange-complex (OR = 0.38, 95 % CI = 0.18-0.83), and both complexes' pathogens (OR = 0.32, 95 % CI = 0.14-0.75), were associated with reduced risk of HNC. The presence of oral fungi was also strongly associated with reduced risk of HNC compared with controls (OR = 0.39, 95 % CI = 0.17-0.92). CONCLUSION Greater taxonomic alpha-diversity, the presence of oral fungi, and the presence or relative abundance of multiple microbial species, including the red- and orange-complex periodontal pathogens, were associated with reduced risk of HNC. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yongli Han
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xing Hua
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samantha S Chill
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Kedest Teshome
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dongjing Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Linda Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather Hallen-Adams
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anil Chaturvedi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Yano Y, Vogtmann E, Shreves AH, Weinstein SJ, Black A, Diaz-Mayoral N, Wan Y, Zhou W, Hua X, Dagnall CL, Hutchinson A, Jones K, Hicks BD, Wyatt K, Brotzman M, Gerlanc N, Huang WY, Albert PS, Wentzensen N, Abnet CC. Evaluation of alcohol-free mouthwash for studies of the oral microbiome. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284956. [PMID: 37104300 PMCID: PMC10138257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria play important roles in human health and disease. Oral samples collected using ethanol-containing mouthwash are widely used for oral microbiome studies. However, ethanol is flammable and not ideal for transportation/storage in large quantities, and some individuals may avoid ethanol due to the burning sensation or due to various personal, medical, religious, and/or cultural factors. Here, we compared ethanol-free and ethanol-containing mouthwashes using multiple microbiome metrics and assessed the stability of the mouthwash samples stored up to 10 days before processing. Forty volunteers provided oral wash samples collected using ethanol-free and ethanol-containing mouthwashes. From each sample, one aliquot was immediately frozen, one was stored at 4°C for 5 days and frozen, while the third aliquot was stored for 5 days at 4°C and 5 days at ambient temperature to mimic shipping delays and then frozen. DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA gene V4 region was amplified and sequenced, and bioinformatic processing was performed using QIIME 2. Microbiome metrics measured in the two mouthwash types were very similar, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for alpha and beta diversity metrics greater than 0.85. Relative abundances of some taxa were significantly different, but ICCs of the top four most abundant phyla and genera were high (> 0.75) for the comparability of the mouthwashes. Stability during delayed processing was also high for both mouthwashes based on alpha and beta diversity measures and relative abundances of the top four phyla and genera (ICCs ≥ 0.90). These results demonstrate ethanol-free mouthwash performs similarly to ethanol-containing mouthwash for microbial analyses, and both mouthwashes are stable for at least 10 days without freezing prior to laboratory processing. Ethanol-free mouthwash is suitable for collecting and shipping oral wash samples, and these results have important implications for planning future epidemiologic studies of the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yano
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alaina H Shreves
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norma Diaz-Mayoral
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xing Hua
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Wyatt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michelle Brotzman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicole Gerlanc
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul S Albert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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6
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Wu Z, Byrd DA, Wan Y, Ansong D, Clegg-Lamptey JN, Wiafe-Addai B, Edusei L, Adjei E, Titiloye N, Dedey F, Aitpillah F, Oppong J, Vanderpuye V, Osei-Bonsu E, Dagnall CL, Jones K, Hutchinson A, Hicks BD, Ahearn TU, Shi J, Knight R, Biritwum R, Yarney J, Seth Wiafe, Awuah B, Nyarko K, Figueroa JD, Sinha R, Garcia-Closas M, Brinton LA, Vogtmann E. The oral microbiome and breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and its relationship with the fecal microbiome in the Ghana Breast Health Study. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1248-1260. [PMID: 35657343 PMCID: PMC9420782 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiome, like the fecal microbiome, may be related to breast cancer risk. Therefore, we investigated whether the oral microbiome was associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and its relationship with the fecal microbiome in a case-control study in Ghana. A total of 881 women were included (369 breast cancers, 93 nonmalignant cases and 419 population-based controls). The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from oral and fecal samples. Alpha-diversity (observed amplicon sequence variants [ASVs], Shannon index and Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity) and beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis, Jaccard and weighted and unweighted UniFrac) metrics were computed. MiRKAT and logistic regression models were used to investigate the case-control associations. Oral sample alpha-diversity was inversely associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease with odds ratios (95% CIs) per every 10 observed ASVs of 0.86 (0.83-0.89) and 0.79 (0.73-0.85), respectively, compared to controls. Beta-diversity was also associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease compared to controls (P ≤ .001). The relative abundances of Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium were lower for breast cancer cases compared to controls. Alpha-diversity and presence/relative abundance of specific genera from the oral and fecal microbiome were strongly correlated among breast cancer cases, but weakly correlated among controls. Particularly, the relative abundance of oral Porphyromonas was strongly, inversely correlated with fecal Bacteroides among breast cancer cases (r = -.37, P ≤ .001). Many oral microbial metrics were strongly associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and strongly correlated with fecal microbiome among breast cancer cases, but not controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Doratha A Byrd
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Casey L. Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Belynda D. Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Thomas U. Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Seth Wiafe
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Usher Institute and CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Louise A. Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Lai TP, Verhulst S, Dagnall CL, Hutchinson A, Spellman SR, Howard A, Katki HA, Levine JE, Saber W, Aviv A, Gadalla SM. Decoupling blood telomere length from age in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant in the BMT-CTN 1202. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966301. [PMID: 36263045 PMCID: PMC9574912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The age of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) donors and their hematopoietic cell telomere length (TL) might affect recipients’ outcomes. Our goals were to examine the possible effect of these donors’ factors on the recipients’ hematopoietic cell TL and quantify hematopoietic cell TL shortening in the critical first three-month post-HCT. We measured hematopoietic cell TL parameters in 75 recipient-donor pairs, from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (protocol#1202), by Southern blotting (SB), the Telomeres Shortest Length Assay (TeSLA), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Recipients’ hematopoietic cell TL parameters post-HCT correlated with donors’ age (p<0.001 for all methods), but not recipients’ own age, and with donors’ pre-HCT hematopoietic cell TL (p<0.0001 for all). Multivariate analyses showed that donors’ hematopoietic cell TL pre-HCT, independent of donors’ age, explained most of the variability in recipients’ hematopoietic cell TL post-HCT (81% for SB, 56% for TeSLA, and 65% for qPCR; p>0.0001 for all). SB and TeSLA detected hematopoietic cell TL shortening in all recipients post-HCT (mean=0.52kb and 0.47kb, respectively; >15-fold the annual TL shortening in adults; p<0.00001 for both), but qPCR detected shortening only in 57.5% of recipients. TeSLA detected a buildup of post-HCT of telomeres <3 kb in 96% of recipients (p<0.0001). In conclusion, HCT decouples hematopoietic cell TL in the recipients from their own age to reflect the donors’ age. The potential donors’ age effect on outcomes of HCT might be partially mediated by short hematopoietic cell TL in older donors. qPCR-based TL measurement is suboptimal for detecting telomere shortening post-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Po Lai
- Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Casey L. Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Stephen R. Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alan Howard
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hormuzd A. Katki
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John E. Levine
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wael Saber
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Shahinaz M. Gadalla
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Shahinaz M. Gadalla,
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8
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Vogtmann E, Hua X, Yu G, Purandare V, Hullings AG, Shao D, Wan Y, Li S, Dagnall CL, Jones K, Hicks BD, Hutchinson A, Caporaso JG, Wheeler W, Sandler DP, Beane Freeman LE, Liao LM, Huang WY, Freedman ND, Caporaso NE, Sinha R, Gail MH, Shi J, Abnet CC. The Oral Microbiome and Lung Cancer Risk: An Analysis of 3 Prospective Cohort Studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1501-1510. [PMID: 35929779 PMCID: PMC9664178 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested associations between the oral microbiome and lung cancer, but studies were predominantly cross-sectional and underpowered. METHODS Using a case-cohort design, 1306 incident lung cancer cases were identified in the Agricultural Health Study; National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study; and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Referent subcohorts were randomly selected by strata of age, sex, and smoking history. DNA was extracted from oral wash specimens using the DSP DNA Virus Pathogen kit, the 16S rRNA gene V4 region was amplified and sequenced, and bioinformatics were conducted using QIIME 2. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using weighted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Higher alpha diversity was associated with lower lung cancer risk (Shannon index hazard ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval = 0.84 to 0.96). Specific principal component vectors of the microbial communities were also statistically significantly associated with lung cancer risk. After multiple testing adjustment, greater relative abundance of 3 genera and presence of 1 genus were associated with greater lung cancer risk, whereas presence of 3 genera were associated with lower risk. For example, every SD increase in Streptococcus abundance was associated with 1.14 times the risk of lung cancer (95% confidence interval = 1.06 to 1.22). Associations were strongest among squamous cell carcinoma cases and former smokers. CONCLUSIONS Multiple oral microbial measures were prospectively associated with lung cancer risk in 3 US cohort studies, with associations varying by smoking history and histologic subtype. The oral microbiome may offer new opportunities for lung cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vogtmann
- Correspondence to: Emily Vogtmann, PhD, MPH, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, MSC 9768, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (e-mail: )
| | | | - Guoqin Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Purandare
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Autumn G Hullings
- Nutrition Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dantong Shao
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research/Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shilan Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research/Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research/Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research/Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research/Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J Gregory Caporaso
- Center for Applied Microbiome Science, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, Chronic Disease Epidemiology Group, National Institute for Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell H Gail
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Wu Z, Han Y, Wan Y, Hua X, Dagnall CL, Jones K, Hutchinson A, Hicks BD, Zhou W, Liao L, Hallen-Adams H, Shi J, Abnet CC, Sinha R, Chaturvedi A, Vogtmann E. Abstract 687: The oral microbiome and the risk of head and neck cancer: A nested case-control study in the NIH-AARP. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: This nested case-control study in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study was carried out to prospectively investigate the relationship of oral microbiome with head and neck cancer.
Methods: Among 34,262 participants with oral wash samples, 60 incident head and neck cancer cases were identified during a mean of 6.25±1.28 years of follow-up. Two controls were matched to each case by age at sample collection, sex, and baseline smoking history, and available controls were not diagnosed with head and neck cancer over follow-up. Whole genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to measure the overall oral microbiome, and ITS2 gene qPCR was used to measure the presence of fungi in pre-diagnostic oral wash samples. ITS2 gene sequencing was performed on ITS2 qPCR positive samples. Taxonomic and functional alpha-diversity and beta-diversity metrics were computed. Presence/absence and relative abundance of groups of red- and/or orange-complex periodontal pathogens were also calculated. Conditional logistic regression models and MiRKAT were used to investigate the case-control associations.
Results: Participants with higher taxonomic microbial alpha-diversity had a decreased risk of head and neck cancer with odds ratios per every 10 observed species of 0.87 (95% CI=0.75-1.004, P=0.057), and per one unit of Faith’s PD and the Shannon index of 0.84 (95% CI=0.72-0.99, P=0.032) and 0.52 (95% CI=0.29-0.94, P=0.032), respectively. No case-control differences were found for beta diversity (all p>0.05). The presence of red-complex periodontal pathogens was non-significantly associated with reduced risk of head and neck cancer (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.17-1.01, P=0.052). Greater relative abundance of red-complex (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.09-0.94, P=0.040), orange-complex (OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.22-0.89, P=0.022), and both complexes combined (OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.25-0.82, P=0.009), were associated with reduced risk of head and neck cancer. The presence of oral fungi was also strongly associated with reduced risk of head and neck cancer compared with controls (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.17-0.87, P=0.022).
Conclusions: Greater taxonomic alpha-diversity and the presence or relative abundance of multiple bacterial or fungal species, including the red- and orange-complex periodontal pathogens, were associated with reduced risk of head and neck cancer.
Citation Format: Zeni Wu, Yongli Han, Yunhu Wan, Xing Hua, Casey L. Dagnall, Kristine Jones, Amy Hutchinson, Belynda D. Hicks, Weiyin Zhou, Linda Liao, Heather Hallen-Adams, Jianxin Shi, Christian C. Abnet, Rashmi Sinha, Anil Chaturvedi, Emily Vogtmann. The oral microbiome and the risk of head and neck cancer: A nested case-control study in the NIH-AARP [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- 1National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Yongli Han
- 1National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Yunhu Wan
- 1National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Xing Hua
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Liao
- 1National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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10
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Morton LM, Karyadi DM, Stewart C, Bogdanova TI, Dawson ET, Steinberg MK, Dai J, Hartley SW, Schonfeld SJ, Sampson JN, Maruvka YE, Kapoor V, Ramsden DA, Carvajal-Garcia J, Perou CM, Parker JS, Krznaric M, Yeager M, Boland JF, Hutchinson A, Hicks BD, Dagnall CL, Gastier-Foster JM, Bowen J, Lee O, Machiela MJ, Cahoon EK, Brenner AV, Mabuchi K, Drozdovitch V, Masiuk S, Chepurny M, Zurnadzhy LY, Hatch M, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Thomas GA, Tronko MD, Getz G, Chanock SJ. Radiation-related genomic profile of papillary thyroid carcinoma after the Chernobyl accident. Science 2021; 372:science.abg2538. [PMID: 33888599 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident increased papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence in surrounding regions, particularly for radioactive iodine (131I)-exposed children. We analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic characteristics of 440 PTCs from Ukraine (from 359 individuals with estimated childhood 131I exposure and 81 unexposed children born after 1986). PTCs displayed radiation dose-dependent enrichment of fusion drivers, nearly all in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and increases in small deletions and simple/balanced structural variants that were clonal and bore hallmarks of nonhomologous end-joining repair. Radiation-related genomic alterations were more pronounced for individuals who were younger at exposure. Transcriptomic and epigenomic features were strongly associated with driver events but not radiation dose. Our results point to DNA double-strand breaks as early carcinogenic events that subsequently enable PTC growth after environmental radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tetiana I Bogdanova
- Laboratory of Morphology of the Endocrine System, V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - Eric T Dawson
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Nvidia Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Mia K Steinberg
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jieqiong Dai
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen W Hartley
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara J Schonfeld
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yosef E Maruvka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vidushi Kapoor
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dale A Ramsden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Carvajal-Garcia
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marko Krznaric
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Biospecimen Core Resource, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jay Bowen
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Biospecimen Core Resource, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Olivia Lee
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alina V Brenner
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergii Masiuk
- Radiological Protection Laboratory, Institute of Radiation Hygiene and Epidemiology, National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Chepurny
- Radiological Protection Laboratory, Institute of Radiation Hygiene and Epidemiology, National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Yu Zurnadzhy
- Laboratory of Morphology of the Endocrine System, V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerry A Thomas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Mykola D Tronko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Endocrinology, V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Center for Cancer Research and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Lin SH, Sampson JN, Grünewald TGP, Surdez D, Reynaud S, Mirabeau O, Karlins E, Rubio RA, Zaidi S, Grossetête-Lalami S, Ballet S, Lapouble E, Laurence V, Michon J, Pierron G, Kovar H, Kontny U, González-Neira A, Alonso J, Patino-Garcia A, Corradini N, Bérard PM, Miller J, Freedman ND, Rothman N, Carter BD, Dagnall CL, Burdett L, Jones K, Manning M, Wyatt K, Zhou W, Yeager M, Cox DG, Hoover RN, Khan J, Armstrong GT, Leisenring WM, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Kulozik AE, Kriebel J, Meitinger T, Metzler M, Krumbholz M, Hartmann W, Strauch K, Kirchner T, Dirksen U, Mirabello L, Tucker MA, Tirode F, Morton LM, Chanock SJ, Delattre O, Machiela MJ. Low-frequency variation near common germline susceptibility loci are associated with risk of Ewing sarcoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237792. [PMID: 32881892 PMCID: PMC7470401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare, aggressive solid tumor of childhood, adolescence and young adulthood associated with pathognomonic EWSR1-ETS fusion oncoproteins altering transcriptional regulation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 6 common germline susceptibility loci but have not investigated low-frequency inherited variants with minor allele frequencies below 5% due to limited genotyped cases of this rare tumor. METHODS We investigated the contribution of rare and low-frequency variation to EwS susceptibility in the largest EwS genome-wide association study to date (733 EwS cases and 1,346 unaffected controls of European ancestry). RESULTS We identified two low-frequency variants, rs112837127 and rs2296730, on chromosome 20 that were associated with EwS risk (OR = 0.186 and 2.038, respectively; P-value < 5×10-8) and located near previously reported common susceptibility loci. After adjusting for the most associated common variant at the locus, only rs112837127 remained a statistically significant independent signal (OR = 0.200, P-value = 5.84×10-8). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest rare variation residing on common haplotypes are important contributors to EwS risk. IMPACT Motivate future targeted sequencing studies for a comprehensive evaluation of low-frequency and rare variation around common EwS susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Lin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Didier Surdez
- Inserm U830, Équipe Labellisés LNCC, PSL Université, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Mirabeau
- Inserm U830, Équipe Labellisés LNCC, PSL Université, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Rebeca Alba Rubio
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- Inserm U830, Équipe Labellisés LNCC, PSL Université, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Grossetête-Lalami
- Inserm U830, Équipe Labellisés LNCC, PSL Université, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Stelly Ballet
- SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eve Lapouble
- SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Michon
- SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Solidos Infantiles (IIER-ISCIII) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ana Patino-Garcia
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nadège Corradini
- Institute for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Leon Bérard Cancer Centre, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Perrine Marec Bérard
- Institute for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Leon Bérard Cancer Centre, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD, United States of America
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Brian D Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Michelle Manning
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Wyatt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - David G Cox
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology and Hopp Children Cancer Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Metzler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Krumbholz
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center Essen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Franck Tirode
- Inserm U830, Équipe Labellisés LNCC, PSL Université, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Inserm U830, Équipe Labellisés LNCC, PSL Université, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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12
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Morton LM, Karyadi DM, Hartley SW, Frone MN, Sampson JN, Howell RM, Neglia JP, Arnold MA, Hicks BD, Jones K, Zhu B, Dagnall CL, Karlins E, Yeager MS, Leisenring WM, Yasui Y, Turcotte LM, Smith SA, Weathers RE, Miller J, Sigel BS, Merino DM, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Tucker MA, Armstrong GT, Chanock SJ. Subsequent Neoplasm Risk Associated With Rare Variants in DNA Damage Response and Clinical Radiation Sensitivity Syndrome Genes in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:2000141. [PMID: 32923912 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy for childhood cancer is associated with elevated subsequent neoplasm (SN) risk, but the contribution of rare variants in DNA damage response and radiation sensitivity genes to SN risk is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of childhood cancer survivors originally diagnosed during 1970 to 1986 (mean follow-up, 32.7 years), with reconstruction of doses to body regions from radiotherapy records. We identified patients who developed SN types previously reported to be related to radiotherapy (RT-SNs; eg, basal cell carcinoma [BCC], breast cancer, meningioma, thyroid cancer, sarcoma) and matched controls (sex, childhood cancer type/diagnosis, age, SN location, radiation dose, survival). Conditional logistic regression assessed SN risk associated with potentially protein-damaging rare variants (SnpEff, ClinVar) in 476 DNA damage response or radiation sensitivity genes with exact permutation-based P values using a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold of P < 8.06 × 10-5. RESULTS Among 5,105 childhood cancer survivors of European descent, 1,108 (21.7%) developed at least 1 RT-SN. Out-of-field RT-SN risk, excluding BCC, was associated with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene variants (patient cases, 23.2%; controls, 10.8%; odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7 to 3.9; P = 4.79 × 10-5), most notably but nonsignificantly for FANCM (patient cases, 4.0%; matched controls, 0.6%; P = 9.64 × 10-5). HRR variants were not associated with likely in/near-field RT-SNs, excluding BCC (patient cases, 12.7%; matched controls, 12.9%; P = .92). Irrespective of radiation dose, risk for RT-SNs was also associated with EXO1 variants (patient cases, 1.8%; controls, 0.4%; P = 3.31 × 10-5), another gene implicated in DNA double-strand break repair. CONCLUSION In this large-scale discovery study, we identified novel associations between RT-SN risk after childhood cancer and potentially protein-damaging rare variants in genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair, particularly HRR. With replication, these results could affect screening recommendations for childhood cancer survivors and risk-benefit assessments of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephen W Hartley
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Megan N Frone
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca M Howell
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael A Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Meredith S Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Susan A Smith
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rita E Weathers
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Byron S Sigel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diana M Merino
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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13
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Vogtmann E, Hua X, Yu G, Hullings A, Wan Y, Dagnall CL, Jones K, Hicks BD, Hutchinson A, Suman S, Zhu B, Graubard B, Gail MH, Caporaso JG, Wheeler W, Sandler D, Freeman LEB, Liao L, Freedman ND, Caporaso N, Sinha R, Shi J, Abnet CC. Abstract A39: The human oral microbiota and risk of lung cancer: An analysis of three prospective cohort studies. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mvc2020-a39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The oral microbiota may be associated with lung cancer risk through direct mechanisms, including infection, immune responses, and periodontal disease, and through indirect mechanisms such as the modification of the oral microbiota by tobacco. We conducted a case-cohort study nested within three US prospective cohort studies to evaluate the association between oral microbiota ascertained years before a cancer diagnosis and risk of lung cancer.
Methods: Incident lung cancer cases within the Agricultural Health Study (AHS; N=244), NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (N=376), and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectum, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO; N=700) who provided an oral wash sample were identified. The median time between oral sample collection and diagnosis was approximately 6.6 years, 3.4 years, and 4.5 years for AHS, NIH-AARP, and PLCO, respectively. A referent subcohort was randomly selected by strata of age, sex, and cigarette smoking history. We extracted DNA using the DSP DNA Virus Pathogen kit, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq. The sequencing data were processed using QIIME2 with the DADA2 plugin and we generated alpha and beta diversity metrics. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the oral microbial measures and the risk of lung cancer with adjustment for known lung cancer risk factors, and estimates from the three cohorts were meta-analyzed.
Results: Increased alpha diversity was associated with decreased lung cancer risk, although only the association with the Shannon Index reached statistical significance (HR for 5th quintile versus 1st quintile 0.74; 95% CI 0.60, 0.92) with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity (p = 0.5968). Specific principal coordinate vectors from the beta diversity matrices were also significantly associated with lung cancer risk, suggesting differing bacterial communities between future lung cancer cases. When stratified by histologic subtypes, the inverse association with alpha diversity was restricted to squamous cell carcinoma, with all alpha diversity metrics reaching statistical significance (e.g., Faith’s phylogenetic diversity HR for 5th quintile versus 1st quintile 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.87). Similarly, when stratified by smoking history, the inverse association with alpha diversity was restricted to former smokers (e.g., observed species HR for 5th quintile versus 1st quintile 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89).
Conclusions: In oral wash samples collected years before diagnosis, we found significant associations between both alpha and beta diversity metrics of the oral microbial communities and risk of lung cancer. Additional work is required to understand the associations by histologic subtype and smoking history.
Citation Format: Emily Vogtmann, Xing Hua, Guoqin Yu, Autumn Hullings, Yunhu Wan, Casey L Dagnall, Kristine Jones, Belynda D. Hicks, Amy Hutchinson, Shalabh Suman, Bin Zhu, Barry Graubard, Mitchell H. Gail, J. Gregory Caporaso, William Wheeler, Dale Sandler, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Linda Liao, Neal D. Freedman, Neil Caporaso, Rashmi Sinha, Jianxin Shi, Christian C Abnet. The human oral microbiota and risk of lung cancer: An analysis of three prospective cohort studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr A39.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guoqin Yu
- 2University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,
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14
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Wang Y, Best A, Fernández-Torrón R, Alsaggaf R, Garcia-Puga M, Dagnall CL, Hicks B, Thompson M, Matheu Fernandez A, Zulaica Ijurco M, Greene MH, Lopez de Munain A, Gadalla SM. Leukocyte telomere length in patients with myotonic dystrophy type I: a pilot study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 7:126-131. [PMID: 31808320 PMCID: PMC6952307 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disease of which clinical manifestations resemble premature aging. We evaluated the contribution of telomere length in pathogenesis in 361 DM1 patients (12 with serial measurements) and 223 unaffected relative controls using qPCR assay. While no differences in baseline leukocyte relative telomere length (RTL) was noted, the data suggested an accelerated RTL attrition in DM1 (discovery cohort: T/S change/year = −0.013 in DM1 vs. −0.005 in controls, P = 0.04); similar trend was noted in validation cohort. Further investigations are needed to examine the role of TL in the pathophysiology of DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Wang
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ana Best
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roberto Fernández-Torrón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rotana Alsaggaf
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Casey L Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mone't Thompson
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Miren Zulaica Ijurco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Morton LM, Karyadi DM, Hartley S, Frone M, Sampson JN, Howell RM, Neglia JP, Arnold MA, Dagnall CL, Hicks B, Kristine J, Zhu B, Leisenring WM, Yasui Y, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Tucker MA, Armstrong GT, Chanock SJ. Subsequent neoplasm risk associated with rare variants in DNA repair and clinical radiation sensitivity syndrome genes: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10028 Background: Radiotherapy for childhood cancer is associated with strikingly elevated risk for developing subsequent neoplasms (SNs). Whether mutations in DNA repair and radiation sensitivity genes modulate SN risks is largely unknown. Methods: We conducted whole-exome sequencing in 5105 long-term childhood cancer survivors of European descent (mean follow-up = 32.7 years). SnpEff and ClinVar identified potentially damaging rare variants in 476 DNA repair or radiation sensitivity genes. Conditional logistic regression assessed SN risk associated with these variants aggregated by gene or pathway (N = 155 with ≥5 carriers). Controls were matched on sex, childhood cancer type and diagnosis age, radiation dose to the SN site, and survival. Exact p-values were calculated by permutation. Analyses used all survivors or subsets stratified on radiation dose. Results: A total of 1108 (21.7%) survivors developed at least one SN type known to be related to ionizing radiation exposure (e.g., breast cancer, basal cell carcinoma, meningioma, thyroid cancer, sarcoma). Radiation-related SN risk was associated with homologous recombination (HR) gene variants for SN sites that received > 0- < 10 Gy (20.9% cases, 11.0% controls; odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52-3.18; P = 1.41x10-4), most notably for FANCM (3.1% cases, 0.5% controls; OR = 9.91, 95%CI 3.73-26.4; P = 2.85x10-4). For radiation-related SNs at sites with higher doses (≥10 Gy), associations were not observed for the HR pathway (14.4% cases, 12.4% controls, P = 0.17) but were observed for two individual genes implicated in double-strand DNA break repair, EXO1 (1.8% cases, 0.4% controls; OR = 6.50, 95%CI 3.49-12.1; P = 7.43x10-4) and NEIL3 (0% cases, 1.0% controls; P = 3.23x10-4). Conclusions: In this discovery study, we identified dose-specific novel associations between SN risk after radiotherapy for childhood cancer and potentially damaging rare variants in genes involved in double-strand DNA break repair, particularly HR. If replicated, these results could impact long-term screening of childhood cancer survivors and risk-benefit assessments of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven Hartley
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Megan Frone
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca M. Howell
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jones Kristine
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Yutaka Yasui
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Smita Bhatia
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Margaret A. Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
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Sapkota Y, Turcotte LM, Ehrhardt MJ, Howell RM, Arnold MA, Wilson CL, Leisenring W, Wang Z, Sampson J, Dagnall CL, Karlins E, Li SA, Hicks BD, Weathers R, Smith SA, Shelton K, Liu Q, Tucker MA, Chanock SJ, Zhang J, Hudson MM, Neglia JP, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Morton LM, Bhatia S, Yasui Y. Genome-Wide Association Study in Irradiated Childhood Cancer Survivors Identifies HTR2A for Subsequent Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2042-2045.e8. [PMID: 30910758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew J Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca M Howell
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carmen L Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wendy Leisenring
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Shengchao Alfred Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita Weathers
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan A Smith
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyla Shelton
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Gramatges MM, Morton LM, Yasui Y, Arnold MA, Neglia JP, Leisenring WM, Machiela MJ, Dagnall CL, Chanock SJ, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Bhatia S, Lupo PJ. Telomere Length-Associated Genetic Variants and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:417-419. [PMID: 30377209 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the inverse relationship described previously between telomere content and thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm (thyroid SMN) in survivors of childhood cancer, we investigated the relationship between known genetic determinants of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and thyroid SMN among survivors. METHODS Leveraging data from a large, genotyped survivor cohort, the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we used a well-described genetic risk score method to estimate the HR for thyroid SMN among 5,324 genotyped survivors. RESULTS We identified 118 survivors with thyroid SMN and 5,206 without thyroid SMN. No association between genetically estimated LTL and risk for thyroid SMN was identified. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that variation in common SNPs influencing LTL is not strongly associated with risk for thyroid SMN in survivors of childhood cancer. IMPACT The previously observed inverse relationship between LTL and thyroid SMN risk in survivors of childhood cancer may be related to alternative molecular mechanisms and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Gramatges
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael A Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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18
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Machiela MJ, Grünewald TG, Surdez D, Reynaud S, Mirabeau O, Karlins E, Rubio RA, Zaidi S, Grossetete-Lalami S, Ballet S, Lapouble E, Laurence V, Michon J, Pierron G, Kovar H, Gaspar N, Kontny U, González-Neira A, Picci P, Alonso J, Patino-Garcia A, Corradini N, Freedman ND, Rothman N, Dagnall CL, Burdett L, Jones K, Manning M, Wyatt K, Zhou W, Yeager M, Cox DG, Hoover RN, Khan J, Armstrong GT, Leisenring WM, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Dirksen U, Metzler M, Hartmann W, Strauch K, Kirchner T, Kulozik AE, Morton LM, Mirabello L, Tucker MA, Tirode F, Chanock S, Delattre O. Abstract A13: Genome-wide association study identifies multiple new loci associated with Ewing sarcoma susceptibility. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca17-a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS), a pediatric tumor predominantly occurring in children of European ancestry, is characterized by the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion oncogene. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 749 EWS cases and 1,378 unaffected individuals of European ancestry. Our study replicated previously reported susceptibility loci at 1p36.22, 10q21.3, and 15q15.1 and identified new loci at 6p25.1, 8q24.23, 20p11.22, and 20p11.23 (P-values <5x10-8). Effect estimates exhibited odds ratios (ORs) in excess of 1.7, which is high for cancer GWAS, and striking in light of the rarity of EWS cases in familial cancer syndromes. In expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses, we observed altered expression patterns for plausible candidate genes at 6p25.1 with RREB1, a RAS-responsive element, and at 20p11.23 with KIZ, a centrosomal stabilization protein. The 20p11.22 locus is also near NKX2-2, a highly overexpressed gene in EWS. Interestingly, most loci reside near GGAA repeat sequences where binding of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion protein occurs. The seven EWS susceptibility loci discovered in only 749 cases make EWS one of the most productive GWAS studied cancers when considering a locus-to-case discovery ratio. The substantive estimated ORs suggest a distinctive underlying genetic architecture for EWS in which moderate-risk SNPs likely constitute a significant fraction and may interact with EWSR1-FLI1 binding.
Citation Format: Mitchell J. Machiela, Thomas G.P. Grünewald, Didier Surdez, Stephanie Reynaud, Olivier Mirabeau, Eric Karlins, Rebeca Alba Rubio, Sakina Zaidi, Sandrine Grossetete-Lalami, Stelly Ballet, Eve Lapouble, Valérie Laurence, Jean Michon, Gaelle Pierron, Heinrich Kovar, Nathalie Gaspar, Udo Kontny, Anna González-Neira, Piero Picci, Javier Alonso, Ana Patino-Garcia, Nadège Corradini, Neal D. Freedman, Nathaniel Rothman, Casey L. Dagnall, Laurie Burdett, Kristine Jones, Michelle Manning, Kathleen Wyatt, Weiyin Zhou, Meredith Yeager, David G. Cox, Robert N. Hoover, Javed Khan, Gregory T. Armstrong, Wendy M. Leisenring, Smita Bhatia, Leslie L. Robison, Uta Dirksen, Markus Metzler, Wolfgang Hartmann, Konstantin Strauch, Thomas Kirchner, Andreas E. Kulozik, Lindsay M. Morton, Lisa Mirabello, Margaret A. Tucker, Franck Tirode, Stephen Chanock, Olivier Delattre. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple new loci associated with Ewing sarcoma susceptibility [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J. Machiela
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Thomas G.P. Grünewald
- 2Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,, Munich, Germany,
| | - Didier Surdez
- 3Inserm U830, Équipe Labellisés LNCC, PSL université, Institut Curie, Paris, France,
| | | | | | - Eric Karlins
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Rebeca Alba Rubio
- 2Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,, Munich, Germany,
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- 4SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France,
| | | | - Stelly Ballet
- 4SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France,
| | - Eve Lapouble
- 4SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France,
| | | | - Jean Michon
- 4SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France,
| | | | - Heinrich Kovar
- 5Children’s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria,
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- 6Service de Pédiatrie, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France,
| | - Udo Kontny
- 7Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,
| | - Anna González-Neira
- 8Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain,
| | - Piero Picci
- 9Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli di Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
| | - Javier Alonso
- 10Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain,
| | - Ana Patino-Garcia
- 11Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Navarra, University Clinic of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain,
| | | | - Neal D. Freedman
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Casey L. Dagnall
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Laurie Burdett
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Kristine Jones
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Michelle Manning
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Kathleen Wyatt
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Meredith Yeager
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - David G. Cox
- 13Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France,
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Javed Khan
- 14Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Gregory T. Armstrong
- 15Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN,
| | - Wendy M. Leisenring
- 16Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,
| | - Smita Bhatia
- 17Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- 15Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN,
| | - Uta Dirksen
- 18University Children’s Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany,
| | - Markus Metzler
- 19University Children’s Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- 20Gerhard-Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany,
| | | | - Thomas Kirchner
- 22Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,
| | | | - Lindsay M. Morton
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Margaret A. Tucker
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | - Franck Tirode
- 4SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France,
| | - Stephen Chanock
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
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Lupo PJ, Morimoto L, Karlins E, Shao X, Morton LM, Scheurer ME, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Hettmer S, Khan J, Chanock SJ, Freedman ND, Wyatt K, Hicks BD, Yeager M, Dagnall CL, Li SA, Skapek SX, Hawkins DS, Metayer C, Mirabello L. Abstract 2966: A genome-wide scan identifies a new locus associated with pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and has one of the poorest survival rates among all pediatric cancers. The two major histologic subtypes of RMS are embryonal (eRMS) and alveolar (aRMS), which display differences in terms of age-incidence patterns and somatic mutations. Approximately 10% of RMS cases are associated with germline mutations in known cancer predisposition genes (e.g., TP53, NF1), but very little is known about the genetic susceptibility to the ~90% of RMS cases that are sporadic. We conducted the first multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of RMS in 727 cases and 3,384 controls.
Methods: Phase 1 of the GWAS included 421 RMS cases from Children's Oncology Group clinical trials, Texas Children's Hospital, and the Universidad de Navarra. Controls (n=2,763) were cancer-free individuals included in previous studies at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Phase 2 included 306 cases from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and 621 independent controls from NCI. Genotypes were generated using the Illumina OmniExpress or the HumanOmni5Exome array and imputed based on the 1000 Genomes Project. Analyses were restricted to those of European (EUR) ancestry, and controls were matched to the cases based on principal components and genotype platform. Assuming an additive genetic model in SNPTEST, we used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and P value for each variant on RMS overall and by two RMS subtypes: eRMS and aRMS.
Results: After quality control filtering and assessment of population substructure, there were 555 combined EUR RMS cases and 1,561 controls, which included: 1) 278 cases and 1,112 controls in phase 1; and 2) 277 cases and 449 controls in phase 2. In the combined set, we identified a new locus at chromosome 11p15.2 that was strongly associated with an increased risk of aRMS and significant at the genome-wide level (OR=2.3, P=2.2x10-8). Results were consistent across studies: phase 1 OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.7-3.2; and phase 2 OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.5. The top variant, rs12785926, mapped to an intron in the PSMA1 (proteasome subunit alpha 1) gene. Based on data from GTEx, rs12785926 is significantly associated with RRAS2 expression across multiple tissues. RRAS2 is involved in cell proliferation and is somatically mutated in several tumors. When evaluating eRMS and RMS overall in the combined set, there were no variants significant at the genome-wide level.
Conclusion: In the first GWAS of pediatric RMS, we identified a susceptibility locus associated with the more aggressive aRMS subtype that has a poorer prognosis. Additional replication analyses are underway using DNA obtained from archived newborn blood spots linked to population-based cancer registries, as well as other institutional cohorts. Further investigation will advance understanding of RMS etiology and biology.
Citation Format: Philip J. Lupo, Libby Morimoto, Eric Karlins, Xiaorong Shao, Lindsay M. Morton, Michael E. Scheurer, Smita Bhatia, Leslie L. Robison, Gregory T. Armstrong, Simone Hettmer, Javed Khan, Stephen J. Chanock, Neal D. Freedman, Kathleen Wyatt, Belynda D. Hicks, Meredith Yeager, Casey L. Dagnall, Shengchao A. Li, Stephen X. Skapek, Douglas S. Hawkins, Catherine Metayer, Lisa Mirabello. A genome-wide scan identifies a new locus associated with pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2966.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javed Khan
- 3National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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20
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Machiela MJ, Grünewald TG, Surdez D, Reynaud S, Mirabeau O, Karlins E, Rubio RA, Zaidi S, Grossetete-Lalami S, Ballet S, Lapouble E, Laurence V, Michon J, Pierron G, Kovar H, Gaspar N, Kontny U, González-Neira A, Picci P, Alonso J, Patino-Garcia A, Corradini N, Freedman ND, Rothman N, Dagnall CL, Burdette L, Jones K, Manning M, Wyatt K, Zhou W, Yeager M, Cox DG, Hoover RN, Khan J, Armstrong GT, Leisenring WM, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Dirksen U, Metzler M, Hartmann W, Strauch K, Kirchner T, Kulozik AE, Morton LM, Mirabello L, Tucker MA, Tirode F, Chanock SJ, Delattre O. Abstract 2970: Multiple new susceptibility loci identified in genome-wide association study of Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a rare pediatric tumor predominantly occurring in children of European ancestry and is characterized by the pathognomonic EWSR1-FLI1 fusion oncogene. To identify germline susceptibility loci associated with EWS risk, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 749 EWS cases and 1,378 unaffected individuals of European ancestry from sample collections within the Institut Curie, National Cancer Institute and the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Our study replicated previously reported susceptibility loci at 1p36.22, 10q21.3 and 15q15.1 as well as identified novel loci at 6p25.1, 8q24.23, 20p11.22 and 20p11.23 (P-values<5×10-8). These seven EWS susceptibility loci discovered in only 749 cases make EWS one of the most productive GWAS studied cancers when considering a locus to case discovery ratio. All estimated effect estimates were high for cancer GWAS with odds ratios in excess of 1.7 observed. These high per allele effects among relatively common germline variants are striking in light of the rarity of EWS cases and lack of evidence of EWS as part of a familial cancer syndrome and therefore suggest a distinctive genetic architecture for EWS. Interestingly, in silico bioinformatics analysis identified that most EWS susceptibility loci reside near GGAA nucleotide repeat sequences where binding of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion protein occurs. ChIP-seq analyses confirmed in vivo binding of EWSR1-FLI1, suggesting germline variation in these regions could alter EWSR1-FLI1 binding and potentially deregulate neighboring genes. To identify genes with allele specific expression differences, we carried out expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses at each identified EWS susceptibility locus. We identified eQTLs for plausible candidate genes at 6p25.1 with RREB1, a RAS-responsive element, and at 20p11.23 with KIZ, a centrosomal stabilization protein. We also noted the 20p11.22 locus is near NKX2-2, a highly overexpressed gene in EWS, although no eQTL was observed in our expression data. Furthermore, knockdown of EWSR1-FLI1 in EWS cell lines indicated a more than 2-fold difference in expression of RREB1 and NKX2-2, further supporting the role of specific regulation of these genes by EWSR1-FLI1 and suggesting RREB1 and NKX2-2 may be transcription factors involved in core regulatory circuitries of EWS. Overall, our study suggests a distinctive underlying genetic architecture for EWS in which moderate risk common germline variants interact with EWSR1-FLI1 binding to alter expression of nearby target genes.
Citation Format: Mitchell J. Machiela, Thomas G. Grünewald, Didier Surdez, Stephanie Reynaud, Olivier Mirabeau, Eric Karlins, Rebeca Alba Rubio, Sakina Zaidi, Sandrine Grossetete-Lalami, Stelly Ballet, Eve Lapouble, Valérie Laurence, Jean Michon, Gaelle Pierron, Heinrich Kovar, Nathalie Gaspar, Udo Kontny, Anna González-Neira, Piero Picci, Javier Alonso, Ana Patino-Garcia, Nadège Corradini, Neal D. Freedman, Nathaniel Rothman, Casey L. Dagnall, Laurie Burdette, Kristine Jones, Michelle Manning, Kathleen Wyatt, Weiyin Zhou, Meredith Yeager, David G. Cox, Robert N. Hoover, Javed Khan, Gregory T. Armstrong, Wendy M. Leisenring, Smita Bhatia, Leslie L. Robison, Uta Dirksen, Markus Metzler, Wolfgang Hartmann, Konstantin Strauch, Thomas Kirchner, Andreas E. Kulozik, Lindsay M. Morton, Lisa Mirabello, Margaret A. Tucker, Franck Tirode, Stephen J. Chanock, Olivier Delattre. Multiple new susceptibility loci identified in genome-wide association study of Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2970.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heinrich Kovar
- 4Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Piero Picci
- 8Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli di Bologna, Italy
| | - Javier Alonso
- 9Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javed Khan
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Uta Dirksen
- 16University Children's Hospital of Essen, Germany
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Ratnasamy V, Navaneethakrishnan S, Sirisena ND, Grüning NM, Brandau O, Thirunavukarasu K, Dagnall CL, McReynolds LJ, Savage SA, Dissanayake VHW. Dyskeratosis congenita with a novel genetic variant in the DKC1 gene: a case report. BMC Med Genet 2018; 19:85. [PMID: 29801475 PMCID: PMC5970516 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare genetic disorder of bone marrow failure inherited in an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern. It has a wide array of clinical features and patients may be cared for by many medical sub specialties. The typical clinical features consist of lacy reticular skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and oral leukoplakia. As the disease advances, patients may develop progressive bone marrow failure, pulmonary fibrosis, oesophageal stenosis, urethral stenosis, liver cirrhosis as well as haematological and solid malignancies. Several genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dyskeratosis congenita, with the dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 (DKC1) gene mutations being the X-linked recessive gene. Case presentation Herein, we report a 31-year-old male with history of recurrent febrile episodes who was found to have reticulate skin pigmentation interspersed with hypopigmented macules involving the face, neck and extremities, hyperkeratosis of palms and soles, nail dystrophy, leukoplakia of the tongue, premature graying of hair, watery eyes and dental caries. Several of his male relatives, including two maternal uncles and three maternal cousins were affected with a similar type of disease condition. Pedigree analysis suggested a possible X-linked pattern of inheritance. Genetic testing in the proband showed a novel hemizygous, non-synonymous likely pathogenic variant [NM_001363.4: c.1054A > G: p.Thr352Ala] in the PUA domain of the DKC1 gene. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for relative telomere length measurements performed in the proband showed that he had very short telomeres [0.38, compared to a control median of 0.71 (range 0.44–1.19)], which is consistent with the DC diagnosis. Co-segregation analysis of the novel mutation and telomere length measurements in the extended family members could not be performed as they were unwilling to provide consent for testing. Conclusions The novel variant detected in the DKC1 gene adds further to the existing scientific literature on the genotype-phenotype correlation of DC, and has important implications for the clinical and molecular characterization of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vithiya Ratnasamy
- University Medical Unit, Teaching Hospital Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Brandau
- Centogene AG, Schillingallee 68, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Casey L Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa J McReynolds
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vajira H W Dissanayake
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.
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Liu JJ, Cahoon EK, Linet MS, Little MP, Dagnall CL, Higson H, Savage SA, Freedman DM. Relationship between plasma 25-hydroxymitamin D and leucocyte telomere length by sex and race in a US study - CORRIGENDUM. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:966. [PMID: 29644955 PMCID: PMC10658992 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dagnall CL, Morton LM, Hicks BD, Li S, Zhou W, Karlins E, Teshome K, Chowdhury S, Lashley KS, Sampson JN, Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Bhatia S, Radloff GA, Davies SM, Tucker MA, Yeager M, Chanock SJ. Successful use of whole genome amplified DNA from multiple source types for high-density Illumina SNP microarrays. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:182. [PMID: 29510662 PMCID: PMC5838969 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recommended genomic DNA input requirements for whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays can limit the scope of molecular epidemiological studies. We performed a large-scale evaluation of whole genome amplified DNA as input into high-density, whole-genome Illumina® Infinium® SNP microarray. RESULTS Overall, 6622 DNA samples from 5970 individuals were obtained from three distinct biospecimen sources and genotyped using gDNA and/or wgaDNA inputs. When genotypes from the same individual were compared with standard, native gDNA input amount, we observed 99.94% mean concordance with wgaDNA input. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that carefully conducted studies with wgaDNA inputs can yield high-quality genotyping results. These findings should enable investigators to consider expansion of ongoing studies using high-density SNP microarrays, currently challenged by small amounts of available DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA. .,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shengchao Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kedest Teshome
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Salma Chowdhury
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kerrie S Lashley
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gretchen A Radloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stella M Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
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Vogtmann E, Hua X, Zhou L, Wan Y, Suman S, Zhu B, Dagnall CL, Hutchinson A, Jones K, Hicks BD, Sinha R, Shi J, Abnet CC. Temporal Variability of Oral Microbiota over 10 Months and the Implications for Future Epidemiologic Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:594-600. [PMID: 29475969 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have prospectively evaluated the association between oral microbiota and health outcomes. Precise estimates of the intrasubject microbial metric stability will allow better study planning. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the temporal variability of oral microbiota.Methods: Forty individuals provided six oral samples using the OMNIgene ORAL kit and Scope mouthwash oral rinses approximately every two months over 10 months. DNA was extracted using the QIAsymphony and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq. To estimate temporal variation, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for a variety of metrics and examined stability after clustering samples into distinct community types using Dirichlet multinomial models (DMMs).Results: The ICCs for the alpha diversity measures were high, including for number of observed bacterial species [0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.82 and 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75-0.94] from OMNIgene ORAL and Scope mouthwash, respectively. The ICCs for the relative abundance of the top four phyla and beta diversity matrices were lower. Three clusters provided the best model fit for the DMM from the OMNIgene ORAL samples, and the probability of remaining in a specific cluster was high (59.5%-80.7%).Conclusions: The oral microbiota appears to be stable over time for multiple metrics, but some measures, particularly relative abundance, were less stable.Impact: We used this information to calculate stability-adjusted power calculations that will inform future field study protocols and experimental analytic designs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 594-600. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vogtmann
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Xing Hua
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liang Zhou
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shalabh Suman
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Morton LM, Sampson JN, Armstrong GT, Chen TH, Hudson MM, Karlins E, Dagnall CL, Li SA, Wilson CL, Srivastava DK, Liu W, Kang G, Oeffinger KC, Henderson TO, Moskowitz CS, Gibson TM, Merino DM, Wong JR, Hammond S, Neglia JP, Turcotte LM, Miller J, Bowen L, Wheeler WA, Leisenring WM, Whitton JA, Burdette L, Chung C, Hicks BD, Jones K, Machiela MJ, Vogt A, Wang Z, Yeager M, Neale G, Lear M, Strong LC, Yasui Y, Stovall M, Weathers RE, Smith SA, Howell R, Davies SM, Radloff GA, Onel K, Berrington de González A, Inskip PD, Rajaraman P, Fraumeni JF, Bhatia S, Chanock SJ, Tucker MA, Robison LL. Genome-Wide Association Study to Identify Susceptibility Loci That Modify Radiation-Related Risk for Breast Cancer After Childhood Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3855140. [PMID: 29059430 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood cancer survivors treated with chest-directed radiotherapy have substantially elevated risk for developing breast cancer. Although genetic susceptibility to breast cancer in the general population is well studied, large-scale evaluation of breast cancer susceptibility after chest-directed radiotherapy for childhood cancer is lacking. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in female survivors of childhood cancer, pooling two cohorts with detailed treatment data and systematic, long-term follow-up: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and St. Jude Lifetime Cohort. The study population comprised 207 survivors who developed breast cancer and 2774 who had not developed any subsequent neoplasm as of last follow-up. Genotyping and subsequent imputation yielded 16 958 466 high-quality variants for analysis. We tested associations in the overall population and in subgroups stratified by receipt of lower than 10 and 10 or higher gray breast radiation exposure. We report P values and pooled per-allele risk estimates from Cox proportional hazards regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Among survivors who received 10 or higher gray breast radiation exposure, a locus on 1q41 was associated with subsequent breast cancer risk (rs4342822, nearest gene PROX1 , risk allele frequency in control subjects [RAF controls ] = 0.46, hazard ratio = 1.92, 95% confidence interval = 1.49 to 2.44, P = 7.09 × 10 -9 ). Two rare variants also showed potentially promising associations (breast radiation ≥10 gray: rs74949440, 11q23, TAGLN , RAF controls = 0.02, P = 5.84 × 10 -8 ; <10 gray: rs17020562, 1q32.3, RPS6KC1 , RAF controls = 0.0005, P = 6.68 × 10 -8 ). Associations were restricted to these dose subgroups, with consistent findings in the two survivor cohorts. Conclusions Our study provides strong evidence that germline genetics outside high-risk syndromes could modify the effect of radiation exposure on breast cancer risk after childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ting-Huei Chen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shengchao Alfred Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Carmen L Wilson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Deo Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Guolian Kang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kevin C Oeffinger
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Tara O Henderson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Chaya S Moskowitz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Todd M Gibson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Diana M Merino
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeannette R Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sue Hammond
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laura Bowen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - William A Wheeler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John A Whitton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Charles Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Aurelie Vogt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matthew Lear
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Louise C Strong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Marilyn Stovall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rita E Weathers
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Susan A Smith
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rebecca Howell
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stella M Davies
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gretchen A Radloff
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kenan Onel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Amy Berrington de González
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Peter D Inskip
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, Department of Biostatistics, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD; Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genetics and Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Dagnall CL, Hicks B, Teshome K, Hutchinson AA, Gadalla SM, Khincha PP, Yeager M, Savage SA. Effect of pre-analytic variables on the reproducibility of qPCR relative telomere length measurement. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184098. [PMID: 28886139 PMCID: PMC5590866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, long nucleotide repeats and a protein complex at chromosome ends, shorten with each cell division and are susceptible to oxidative damage. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a widely-used technique to measure relative telomere length (RTL) in DNA samples but is challenging to optimize and significant lab-to-lab variability has been reported. In this study, we evaluated factors that may contribute to qPCR RTL measurement variability including DNA extraction methods, methods used for removing potential residual PCR inhibitors, sample storage conditions, and sample location in the PCR plate. Our results show that the DNA extraction and purification techniques, as well as sample storage conditions introduce significant variability in qPCR RTL results. We did not find significant differences in results based on sample location in the PCR plate or qPCR instrument used. These data suggest that lack of reproducibility in published association studies of RTL could be, in part, due to methodological inconsistencies. This study illustrates the importance of uniform sample handling, from DNA extraction through data generation and analysis, in using qPCR to determine RTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L. Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kedest Teshome
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy A. Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shahinaz M. Gadalla
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Payal P. Khincha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon A. Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Khincha PP, Dagnall CL, Hicks B, Jones K, Aviv A, Kimura M, Katki H, Aubert G, Giri N, Alter BP, Savage SA, Gadalla SM. Correlation of Leukocyte Telomere Length Measurement Methods in Patients with Dyskeratosis Congenita and in Their Unaffected Relatives. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081765. [PMID: 28805708 PMCID: PMC5578154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several methods have been employed to measure telomere length (TL) in human studies. It has been difficult to directly compare the results from these studies because of differences in the laboratory techniques and output parameters. We compared TL measurements (TLMs) by the three most commonly used methods, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), flow cytometry with fluorescence in situ hybridization (flow FISH) and Southern blot, in a cohort of patients with the telomere biology disorder dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and in their unaffected relatives (controls). We observed a strong correlation between the Southern blot average TL and the flow FISH total lymphocyte TL in both the DC patients and their unaffected relatives (R2 of 0.68 and 0.73, respectively). The correlation between the qPCR average TL and that of the Southern blot method was modest (R2 of 0.54 in DC patients and of 0.43 in unaffected relatives). Similar results were noted when comparing the qPCR average TL and the flow FISH total lymphocyte TL (R2 of 0.49 in DC patients and of 0.42 in unaffected relatives). In conclusion, the strengths of the correlations between the three widely used TL assays (qPCR, flow FISH, and Southern blot) were significantly different. Careful consideration is warranted when selecting the method of TL measurement for research and for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal P Khincha
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Hormuzd Katki
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Machiela MJ, Dagnall CL, Pathak A, Loud JT, Chanock SJ, Greene MH, McGlynn KA, Stewart DR. Mosaic chromosome Y loss and testicular germ cell tumor risk. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:637-640. [PMID: 28275244 PMCID: PMC5444985 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) in blood-derived DNA is common in older men. Cohort studies investigating mLOY and mortality have reported contradictory results. Previous work found a 1.6 Mb deletion of the AZFc region on the Y chromosome (the “gr/gr” deletion) is associated with both male infertility and increased risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). We investigated whether mosaic loss across the entire Y chromosome was associated with TGCT. We obtained blood and buccal-derived DNA from two case-control studies: the NCI Familial Testicular Cancer Study (FTC; cases=172, controls=163) and the NCI US Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants Study (STEED; cases=506, controls=611). We utilized 15 quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) spanning the Y chromosome to assess mLOY. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for study batch effects detected no significant overall relationship between mean chromosome Y T/R ratio and TGCT (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.10–1.17, P=0.09). When restricted to familial TGCT cases, a significantly lower T/R ratio was observed in cases compared with controls (0.993 vs 1.014, P-value=0.01). Our study suggests mLOY, as measured by 15 probes spanning the Y chromosome, could be associated with familial TGCT, but larger studies are required to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anand Pathak
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Shi J, Zhou W, Zhu B, Hyland PL, Bennett H, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Burke LS, Song L, Hsu CH, Yan C, Chen Q, Meerzaman D, Dagnall CL, Burdette L, Hicks B, Freedman ND, Chanock SJ, Yeager M, Tucker MA, Goldstein AM, Yang XR. Rare Germline Copy Number Variations and Disease Susceptibility in Familial Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2436-2443. [PMID: 27476724 PMCID: PMC5123914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that copy number variations (CNVs) can contribute to cancer susceptibility. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the role of germline CNVs in melanoma predisposition in high-risk melanoma families. We used genome-wide tiling comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to characterize CNVs in 335 individuals (240 melanoma cases) from American melanoma-prone families (22 with germline CDKN2A or CDK4 mutations). We found that the global burden of overall CNVs (or deletions or duplications separately) was not significantly associated with case-control or CDKN2A/CDK4 mutation status after accounting for the familial dependence. However, we identified several rare CNVs that either involved known melanoma genes (e.g., PARP1, CDKN2A) or cosegregated with melanoma (duplication on 10q23.23, 3p12.2 and deletions on 8q424.3, 2q22.1) in families without mutations in known melanoma high-risk genes. Some of these CNVs were correlated with expression changes in disrupted genes based on RNASeq data from a subset of melanoma cases included in the CNV study. These results suggest that rare cosegregating CNVs may influence melanoma susceptibility in some melanoma-prone families and genes found in our study warrant further evaluation in future genetic analyses of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula L Hyland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hunter Bennett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanzi Xiao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura S Burke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chih Hao Hsu
- Computational Genomics Research Group, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Computational Genomics Research Group, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Computational Genomics Research Group, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Computational Genomics Research Group, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Yang B, Shebl FM, Sternberg LR, Warner AC, Kleiner DE, Edelman DC, Gomez A, Dagnall CL, Hicks BD, Altekruse SF, Hernandez BY, Lynch CF, Meltzer PS, McGlynn KA. Telomere Length and Survival of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166828. [PMID: 27880792 PMCID: PMC5120796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere shortening is an important molecular event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation; however, its role in HCC progression and prognosis is less clear. Our study aimed to examine the association of telomere length with survival of patients with HCC. METHODS We measured telomere length in tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 126 persons with HCC in the United States (U.S.) who were followed for mortality outcomes. Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured by a monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association between telomere length and all-cause mortality. We also examined associations between telomere length and patient characteristics using multiple linear regression. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 6.0 years, 79 deaths occurred among 114 individuals for whom survival data were available. The ratio of RTL in tumor relative to non-tumor tissue was greater for individuals with regional or distant stage tumors (0.97) than localized stage tumors (0.77), and for individuals with grade III or IV tumors (0.95) than grade II (0.88) or grade I (0.67) tumors. An RTL ratio ≥1 was not associated with survival (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.55, 1.55) compared to a ratio <1, after adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, tumor stage and tumor size. Similarly, RTL in the tumor and non-tumor tissue, respectively, were not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS This U.S. based study found that telomeres may be longer in more aggressive HCCs. There was no evidence, however, that telomere length was associated with survival of patients with HCC. Future investigations are warranted to clarify the role of telomere length in HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Fatma M. Shebl
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, United States of America
| | - Lawrence R. Sternberg
- Pathology-Histotechnology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Warner
- Pathology-Histotechnology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, United States of America
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Edelman
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Allison Gomez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Casey L. Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Belynda D. Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Sean F. Altekruse
- Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Brenda Y. Hernandez
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States of America
| | - Charles F. Lynch
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
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Liu JJ, Cahoon EK, Linet MS, Little MP, Dagnall CL, Higson H, Savage SA, Freedman DM. Relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and leucocyte telomere length by sex and race in a US study. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:953-60. [PMID: 27515444 PMCID: PMC10655924 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A few studies have examined the association between vitamin D and telomere length, and fewer still have examined the relationship in black or male populations. We investigated the cross-sectional association between the vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in plasma and relative leucocyte telomere length (LTL) in 1154 US radiologic technologists who were 48-93 years old (373 white females, 278 white males, 338 black females, 165 black males). Plasma 25(OH)D concentration was measured by the chemiluminescence immunoassay, and relative LTL was measured by quantitative PCR. Logistic regression was used to obtain OR and 95 % CI for long v. short (based on median) LTL in relation to continuous 25(OH)D, quartiles of 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D deficiency. We found no significant association between continuous 25(OH)D and long LTL in all participants (P trend=0·440), nor in white females (P trend=0·845), white males (P trend=0·636), black females (P trend=0·967) or black males (P trend=0·484). Vitamin D deficiency (defined as 25(OH)D<30 nmol/l), however, was significantly associated with short LTL in whites (P=0·024), but not in other groups. In this population, we found little evidence to support associations between 25(OH)D and long LTL over the entire range of 25(OH)D in the overall study population or by sex and race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Cahoon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mark P. Little
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Casey L. Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Herbert Higson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sharon A. Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - D. Michal Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Machiela MJ, Dagnall CL, Pathak A, Loud JT, Chanock SJ, Greene MH, McGlynn KA, Stewart DR. Abstract 811: Mosaic chromosome Y loss is not associated with testicular germ cell tumor risk. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) affect approximately 6 in 100,000 men with peak incidence in men 15 to 40 years of age. Established risk factors include family history of disease, undescended testis, contralateral TGCT, impaired fertility, and 21 GWAS susceptibility loci. Recent evidence suggests a 1.6 Mb deletion in the AZFc region (“gr/gr” deletion) of chromosome Y previously associated with male infertility is also associated with two- and three-fold increased risks of sporadic and familial TGCT, respectively. Furthermore, population-based studies have suggested mosaic chromosome Y loss in blood-derived DNA may be associated with increased risk of various solid tumors. Our aim was to investigate if mosaic loss across the entire Y chromosome is a TGCT risk factor.
Methods
We obtained blood and buccal-derived DNA from two studies: the NCI Familial Testicular Cancer Study (FTC, Cases = 172, Controls = 163) and NCI's US Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants Study (STEED, Cases = 506, Controls = 611). We designed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with 15 probes spanning the Y chromosome to assess Y loss. Samples were run in triplicate across three batches and normalized to a standard curve. We quantified probe signals as a target to reference (T/R) ratio, and averaged ratios across the 15 probes to yield an overall Y chromosome signal.
Results
On average, men with TGCT had slightly lower mean T/R ratios compared with control men lacking TGCT (1.02 vs. 1.03). Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for study batch effects detected no significant relationship between mean Y chromosome T/R ratio and TGCT risk (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.10-1.17, P = 0.09). A similar null relationship was observed when using a threshold of 1.5 standard deviations below the mean T/R ratio to dichotomize between mosaic Y loss and no mosaic Y loss (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.21-1.63, P = 0.31).
Conclusion
Our study suggests that mosaic chromosome Y loss, as measured by 15 probes spanning the Y chromosome, is not associated with either sporadic or familial TGCT risk. Further studies aimed at investigating the AZFc region of the Y chromosome are needed to better assess whether this locus is directly associated with TGCT risk or is indirectly associated by means of a shared relationship with impaired fertility.
Citation Format: Mitchell J. Machiela, Casey L. Dagnall, Anand Pathak, Jennifer T. Loud, Stephen J. Chanock, Mark H. Greene, Katherine A. McGlynn, Douglas R. Stewart. Mosaic chromosome Y loss is not associated with testicular germ cell tumor risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 811.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anand Pathak
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Mark H. Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD
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Yang B, Shebl FM, Sternberg LR, Warner AC, Kleiner DE, Edelman DC, Gomez A, Dagnall CL, Hicks BD, Altekruse SF, Hernandez BY, Lynch CF, Meltzer PS, McGlynn KA. Abstract 818: Shortened telomere length in hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Telomeres play an important role in the maintenance of chromosomal stability. It has been previously reported that telomere length is shortened in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to paired non-tumor tissue. However, most studies have been conducted in high-risk regions such as Asia. To date, no prior study has examined telomere length and HCC in the United States, a low risk region where HCC etiology may differ from that of high risk regions.
Methods: We measured telomere length in 127 paired tumor and non-tumor tissue samples from persons with HCC in Iowa, Hawaii and Connecticut. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were collected at the time of diagnosis. Relative telomere length was measured by a monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR assay. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare telomere length between tumor and paired non-tumor tissues. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the association between telomere length and mortality, adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, and tumor stage and size at diagnosis.
Results: Of the 127 pairs of samples, telomere length was shorter in the tumor in 88 pairs (69%), longer in the tumor in 33 pairs (26%) and the same length in the tumor and non-tumor tissue in 6 pairs (5%). Overall, the HCC tissues had statistically significantly shorter telomere length than their matched non-tumor tissues (p < 0.01). The proportion of pairs in which the tumor telomere was shorter than non-tumor was higher among those with localized stage tumors (81%) compared to those with regional or distant stage tumors (50%) (p < 0.01 after adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, and source of the case). In addition, we observed a 119% higher risk of mortality (adjusted relative risk 2.19) among persons whose tumors had shorter telomeres than their non-tumor tissue, compared to persons whose tumors had longer telomeres; however, the confidence interval was relatively wide (0.94-5.12).
Conclusion: Using tissue samples from persons with HCC in the United States, we found that telomere length was shorter in tumor tissue compared to paired non-tumor tissue, especially among localized stage tumors. In addition, there was a suggestion that tumor telomere shortening might be associated with higher risk of mortality. Together, these results may provide insight into the role of biological mechanisms associated with telomere shortening and into the prognosis of HCC in lower risk populations.
Citation Format: Baiyu Yang, Fatma M. Shebl, Lawrence R. Sternberg, Andrew C. Warner, David E. Kleiner, Daniel C. Edelman, Allison Gomez, Casey L. Dagnall, Belynda D. Hicks, Sean F. Altekruse, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Charles F. Lynch, Paul S. Meltzer, Katherine A. McGlynn. Shortened telomere length in hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Yang
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Casey L. Dagnall
- 3National Cancer Institute/Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda/Frederick, MD
| | - Belynda D. Hicks
- 3National Cancer Institute/Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda/Frederick, MD
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Morton LM, Sampson JN, Armstrong GT, Chen TH, Hudson M, Karlins E, Dagnall CL, Li S, Wilson CL, Srivastava K, Liu W, Kang G, Oeffinger K, Henderson TO, Moskowitz CS, Gibson TM, Merino DM, Wong JR, Hammond S, Neglia JP, Turcotte LM, Miller J, Bowen L, Wheeler WA, Leisenring WM, Whitton JA, Burdette L, Hicks BD, Machiela MJ, Vogt A, Wang Z, Yeager M, Neale G, Lear M, Strong LC, Yasui Y, Stovall M, Weathers RE, Smith SA, Howell R, Davies SM, Radloff GA, Berrington de González A, Inskip PD, Rajaraman P, Fraumeni JF, Bhatia S, Chanock SJ, Tucker MA, Robison LL. Abstract 2691: Genome-wide association study identifies two susceptibility loci that modify radiation-related risk for breast cancer after childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and St. Jude Lifetime Cohort. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Childhood cancer survivors treated with chest radiotherapy have substantially elevated risk for developing breast cancer. Although numerous breast cancer susceptibility variants have been established, genetic predisposition for breast cancer after childhood cancer remains poorly understood.
Methods: We conducted the first genome-wide association study of subsequent breast cancer in female childhood cancer survivors within two large-scale cohorts with detailed treatment data and systematic, long-term follow-up: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study [CCSS; 178 breast cancer cases, 2200 controls (survivors without subsequent neoplasm) of European descent] and the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE; 29 cases, 574 controls). Genotyping on the Illumina HumanOmni5MExome (CCSS) or Affymetrix 6.0 (SJLIFE) array and imputation based on the 1000 Genomes Project yielded >16 million high quality genotyped or imputed variants available in both studies. Assuming an additive genetic model, we used multivariate Cox regression to quantify the effect of each variant in the overall population and stratified by receipt of ≥10 Gray (Gy) or <10 Gy radiation exposure to the chest.
Results: We identified two loci associated with breast cancer risk among children who received ≥10 Gy radiation to the chest (131 cases, 493 controls): one at 1q41 [rs4342822, risk allele frequency (RAF) = 0.46 in controls, pooled per allele hazard ratio (HR) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.50-2.51, Pexact = 1.20×10−8] and another at 11q23 (rs74949440, RAF = 0.02 in controls, HR = 3.71, 95%CI = 2.18-6.32, Pexact = 2.00×10−9). Neither locus was associated with breast cancer risk among children who received <10 Gy radiation to the chest (69 cases, 2144 controls; rs4342822: HR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.75-1.44; rs74949440: HR = 1.21, 0.41-3.54). Results were consistent in the two studies, and the associations did not appear to be related to type of first primary childhood cancer. Both loci fall in or near biologically plausible candidate genes: the variant rs4342822 lies near PROX1, which is amplified in >10% of breast cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas data. The variant rs74949440 is intronic to TAGLN, whose expression levels have been associated with breast cancer prognosis and altered cell death resistance following irradiation in human carcinoma cell lines.
Conclusion: These findings represent the first evidence outside of identified high-risk cancer susceptibility genes that certain individuals are genetically predisposed to developing breast cancer after radiotherapy and suggest that radiation exposure may interact with germline genetics to modify breast cancer risk.
Citation Format: Lindsay M. Morton, Joshua N. Sampson, Gregory T. Armstrong, Ting-Huei Chen, Melissa Hudson, Eric Karlins, Casey L. Dagnall, Shenchao Li, Carmen L. Wilson, Kumar Srivastava, Wei Liu, Guolian Kang, Kevin Oeffinger, Tara O. Henderson, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Todd M. Gibson, Diana M. Merino, Jeannette R. Wong, Sue Hammond, Joseph P. Neglia, Lucie M. Turcotte, Jeremy Miller, Laura Bowen, William A. Wheeler, Wendy M. Leisenring, John A. Whitton, Laurie Burdette, Belynda D. Hicks, Mitchell J. Machiela, Aurelie Vogt, Zhaoming Wang, Meredith Yeager, Geoffrey Neale, Matthew Lear, Louise C. Strong, Yutaka Yasui, Marilyn Stovall, Rita E. Weathers, Susan A. Smith, Rebecca Howell, Stella M. Davies, Gretchen A. Radloff, Amy Berrington de González, Peter D. Inskip, Preetha Rajaraman, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Smita Bhatia, Stephen J. Chanock, Margaret A. Tucker, Leslie L. Robison. Genome-wide association study identifies two susceptibility loci that modify radiation-related risk for breast cancer after childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and St. Jude Lifetime Cohort. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2691.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Morton
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory T. Armstrong
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ting-Huei Chen
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa Hudson
- 3Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Eric Karlins
- 4Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research & Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Casey L. Dagnall
- 4Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research & Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shenchao Li
- 4Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research & Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carmen L. Wilson
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kumar Srivastava
- 5Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wei Liu
- 5Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Guolian Kang
- 5Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Tara O. Henderson
- 7Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Todd M. Gibson
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Diana M. Merino
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeannette R. Wong
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Joseph P. Neglia
- 9Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Jeremy Miller
- 10Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD
| | - Laura Bowen
- 10Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD
| | | | | | | | - Laurie Burdette
- 4Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research & Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Belynda D. Hicks
- 4Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research & Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mitchell J. Machiela
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aurelie Vogt
- 4Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research & Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- 4Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research & Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Meredith Yeager
- 4Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research & Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- 12Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Matthew Lear
- 13Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Louise C. Strong
- 14Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Marilyn Stovall
- 15Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rita E. Weathers
- 15Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Susan A. Smith
- 15Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rebecca Howell
- 15Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stella M. Davies
- 16Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Gretchen A. Radloff
- 16Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Peter D. Inskip
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph F. Fraumeni
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Smita Bhatia
- 17School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Margaret A. Tucker
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Morton LM, Sampson JN, Bhatia S, Hudson MM, Chen TH, Neglia JP, Yasui Y, Karlins E, Dagnall CL, Gibson TM, Wilson CL, Srivastava DK, Liu W, Kang G, Weathers R, Smith SA, Tucker MA, Robison LL, Chanock SJ, Armstrong GT. Genome-wide association study of meningioma as a subsequent neoplasm: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE). J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Morton
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Smita Bhatia
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Ting-Huei Chen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Yutaka Yasui
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Guolian Kang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Rita Weathers
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Susan A Smith
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Margaret A. Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
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36
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Moore LE, Baris DR, Figueroa JD, Garcia-Closas M, Karagas MR, Schwenn MR, Johnson AT, Lubin JH, Hein DW, Dagnall CL, Colt JS, Kida M, Jones MA, Schned AR, Cherala SS, Chanock SJ, Cantor KP, Silverman DT, Rothman N. GSTM1 null and NAT2 slow acetylation genotypes, smoking intensity and bladder cancer risk: results from the New England bladder cancer study and NAT2 meta-analysis. Carcinogenesis 2010; 32:182-9. [PMID: 21037224 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between bladder cancer risk and NAT2 and GSTM1 polymorphisms have emerged as some of the most consistent findings in the genetic epidemiology of common metabolic polymorphisms and cancer, but their interaction with tobacco use, intensity and duration remain unclear. In a New England population-based case-control study of urothelial carcinoma, we collected mouthwash samples from 1088 of 1171 cases (92.9%) and 1282 of 1418 controls (91.2%) for genotype analysis of GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of bladder cancer among New England Bladder Cancer Study subjects with one or two inactive GSTM1 alleles (i.e. the 'null' genotype) were 1.26 (0.85-1.88) and 1.54 (1.05-2.25), respectively (P-trend = 0.008), compared with those with two active copies. GSTT1 inactive alleles were not associated with risk. NAT2 slow acetylation status was not associated with risk among never (1.04; 0.71-1.51), former (0.95; 0.75-1.20) or current smokers (1.33; 0.91-1.95); however, a relationship emerged when smoking intensity was evaluated. Among slow acetylators who ever smoked at least 40 cigarettes/day, risk was elevated among ever (1.82; 1.14-2.91, P-interaction = 0.07) and current heavy smokers (3.16; 1.22-8.19, P-interaction = 0.03) compared with rapid acetylators in each category; but was not observed at lower intensities. In contrast, the effect of GSTM1-null genotype was not greater among smokers, regardless of intensity. Meta-analysis of the NAT2 associations with bladder cancer showed a highly significant relationship. Findings from this large USA population-based study provided evidence that the NAT2 slow acetylation genotype interacts with tobacco smoking as a function of exposure intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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