201
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Deng C, Moradi M, Reinhard S, Ji C, Jablonka S, Hennlein L, Lüningschrör P, Doose S, Sauer M, Sendtner M. Dynamic remodeling of ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum in axon terminals of motoneurons. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272552. [PMID: 34668554 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurons, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a highly dynamic network that enters axons and presynaptic terminals and plays a central role in Ca2+ homeostasis and synapse maintenance; however, the underlying mechanisms involved in regulation of its dynamic remodeling as well as its function in axon development and presynaptic differentiation remain elusive. Here, we used high-resolution microscopy and live-cell imaging to investigate rapid movements of the ER and ribosomes in axons of cultured motoneurons after stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Our results indicate that the ER extends into axonal growth cone filopodia, where its integrity and dynamic remodeling are regulated mainly by actin and the actin-based motor protein myosin VI (encoded by Myo6). Additionally, we found that in axonal growth cones, ribosomes assemble into 80S subunits within seconds and associate with the ER in response to extracellular stimuli, which describes a novel function of axonal ER in dynamic regulation of local translation. This article has an associated First Person interview with Chunchu Deng, joint first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchu Deng
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehri Moradi
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reinhard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Changhe Ji
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Jablonka
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Hennlein
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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202
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Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Chigurupati S, Alhowail A, Abdeen A, Ibrahim SF, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Decrypting the potential role of α-lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2021; 284:119899. [PMID: 34450170 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases with motor disturbances, cognitive decline, and behavioral impairment. It is characterized by the extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β plaques and the intracellular accumulation of tau protein. AD patients show a cognitive decline, which has been associated with oxidative stress, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a natural antioxidant present in food and used as a dietary supplement, has been considered a promising agent for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite multiple preclinical studies indicating beneficial effects of α-LA in memory functioning, and pointing to its neuroprotective effects, to date only a few studies have examined its effects in humans. Studies performed in animal models of memory loss associated with aging and AD have shown that α-LA improves memory in a variety of behavioral paradigms. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms underlying α-LA effects have also been investigated. Accordingly, α-LA shows antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, glioprotective, metal chelating properties in both in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, it has been shown that α-LA reverses age-associated loss of neurotransmitters and their receptors. The review article aimed at summarizing and discussing the main studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of α-LA on cognition as well as its molecular effects, to improve the understanding of the therapeutic potential of α-LA in patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders, supporting the development of clinical trials with α-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt; Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Samah F Ibrahim
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Centro Latinoamericano de Ensenanza e Investigacion en Bacteriologia Alimentaria, Universidad Nacinol Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Alain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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203
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Vizuete AFK, Mussulini BH, Zenki KC, Baggio S, Pasqualotto A, Rosemberg DB, Bogo MR, de Oliveira DL, Rico EP. Prolonged ethanol exposure alters glutamate uptake leading to astrogliosis and neuroinflammation in adult zebrafish brain. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:57-64. [PMID: 34728274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High ethanol (EtOH) consumption is a serious condition that induces tremors, alcoholic psychosis, and delirium, being considered a public health problem worldwide. Prolonged EtOH exposure promotes neurodegeneration, affecting several neurotransmitter systems and transduction signaling pathways. Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system (CNS) and the extracellular glutamatergic tonus is controlled by glutamate transporters mostly located in astrocytes. Here, we explore the effects of prolonged EtOH exposure on the glutamatergic uptake system and its relationship with astroglial markers (GFAP and S100B), neuroinflammation (IL-1β and TNF-α), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the CNS of adult zebrafish. Animals were exposed to 0.5% EtOH for 7, 14, and 28 days continuously. Glutamate uptake was significantly decreased after 7 and 14 days of EtOH exposure, returning to baseline levels after 28 days of exposure. No alterations were observed in crucial enzymatic activities linked to glutamate uptake, like Na,K-ATPase or glutamine synthetase. Prolonged EtOH exposure increased GFAP, S100B, and TNF-α levels after 14 days. Additionally, increased BDNF mRNA levels were observed after 14 and 28 days of EtOH exposure, while BDNF protein levels increased only after 28 days. Collectively, our data show markedly brain astroglial, neuroinflammatory and neurotrofic responses after an initial impairment of glutamate uptake following prolonged EtOH exposure. This neuroplasticity event could play a key role in the modulatory effect of EtOH on glutamate uptake after 28 days of continuous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernanda Kuckartz Vizuete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Mussulini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kamila Cagliari Zenki
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Suelen Baggio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pasqualotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo Lösch de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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204
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Aref-Eshghi E, Lin F, Li MM, Zhong Y. The oncogenic roles of NTRK fusions and methods of molecular diagnosis. Cancer Genet 2021; 258-259:110-119. [PMID: 34710798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The NTRK gene family is composed of NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, which encode three tropomyosin-receptor kinases, belonging to a class of tyrosine kinase receptors. These proteins are known to play roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival. Fusions involving the NTRK genes are long known as drivers in many tumors. Although they occur in less than 5% of all malignancies, their occurrence in a great diversity of tumors has been documented. Several rare tumors including infantile fibrosarcoma, secretory breast carcinoma, and mammary analogue secretory carcinoma are accompanied by NTRK fusions in more than 90% of cases, demonstrating a diagnostic value for the NTRK fusion testing in these tumors. More recently, the development of effective targeted therapies has created a demand for their detection in all malignancies. A variety of approaches are available for testing including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). This article reviews the molecular biology and tumorigenesis of NTRK fusions, their prevalence and clinical significance with a focus on available methods for fusion detection. The advantages and limitations of different technologies, the best practice algorithms for NTRK fusion detection, and the future direction of NTRK testing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Aref-Eshghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fumin Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marilyn M Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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205
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Zhuo LS, Wang MS, Wu FX, Xu HC, Gong Y, Yu ZC, Tian YG, Pang C, Hao GF, Huang W, Yang GF. Discovery of Next-Generation Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Inhibitors for Combating Multiple Resistance Associated with Protein Mutation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15503-15514. [PMID: 34668694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibition is an effective therapeutic approach for treatment of a variety of cancers. Despite the use of first-generation TRK inhibitor (TRKI) larotrectinib (1) resulting in significant therapeutic response in patients, acquired resistance develops invariably. The emergence of secondary mutations occurring at the solvent-front, xDFG, and gatekeeper regions of TRK represents a common mechanism for acquired resistance. However, xDFG mutations remain insensitive to second-generation macrocyclic TRKIs selitrectinib (3) and repotrectinib (4) designed to overcome the resistance mediated by solvent-front and gatekeeper mutations. Here, we report the structure-based drug design and discovery of a next-generation TRKI. The structure-activity relationship studies culminated in the identification of a promising drug candidate 8 that showed excellent in vitro potency on a panel of TRK mutants, especially TRKAG667C in the xDFG motif, and improved in vivo efficacy than 1 and 3 in TRK wild-type and mutant fusion-driven tumor xenograft models, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Xu Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Chuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Guang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chao Pang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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206
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Yue D, Liu W, Gao L, Zhang L, Wang T, Xiao S, Fu Y, Li N, Lin R, Hu Y, Ding L, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Wang C. Integrated Multiomics Analyses Revealing Different Molecular Profiles Between Early- and Late-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:746943. [PMID: 34745971 PMCID: PMC8567144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.746943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular differences in genetic and epigenetic profiling between early-stage (ES) and late-stage (LS) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which might help to understand cancer progression and biomarker guided precision treatment, need further be investigated. In this study, we performed comprehensive analysis using multi-omics next-generation sequencing (NGS) on tissue samples from 7 ES (stage I) and 10 LS (stage III/IV) LUAD patients to study molecular characteristics between the two groups. Characterization of the genomic and transcriptomic profiles showed stage-specific somatic mutations, copy number variations (CNVs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). LS samples tend to have more TP53, ERBB2 and CHD4 mutations. Gene copy number loss occurs in immune-related gene pathways in the late stage of LUAD. ATAC-seq analysis showed that LS samples harbored more open chromatin peaks around promoter regions and transcription start sites (TSS) than ES samples. We then identified the known transcription factor (TF) binding motifs for the differentially abundant ATAC-seq peaks between the ES and LS samples and found distinct regulatory mechanisms related to each stage. Furthermore, integrative analysis of ATAC-seq with WGS and RNA-seq data showed that the degree of chromatin accessibility is related to copy number changes, and the open chromatin regions could directly regulate the expression of some DEGs. In conclusion, we performed a comprehensive multi-omics analysis of the early and late stages of LUAD and highlighted some important molecular differences in regulatory mechanisms during cancer progression. Those findings help to further understand mechanism and biomarker related targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Yue
- Department of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiran Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuwei Gao
- Department of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianmin Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Xiao
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxue Fu
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Lieming Ding
- Department of Medical, Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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207
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Vaill M, Chen DY, Diaz S, Varki A. Improved methods to characterize the length and quantity of highly unstable PolySialic acids subject category: (Carbohydrates, chromatographic techniques). Anal Biochem 2021; 635:114426. [PMID: 34687617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear homopolymer of α2-8-linked sialic acids that is highly expressed during early stages of mammalian brain development and modulates a multitude of cellular functions. While degree of polymerization (DP) can affect such functions, currently available methods do not accurately characterize this parameter, because of the instability of the polymer. We developed two improved methods to characterize the DP and total polySia content in biological samples. PolySia chains with exposed reducing termini can be derivatized with DMB for subsequent HPLC analysis. However, application to biological samples of polySia-glycoproteins requires release of polySia chains from the underlying glycan, which is difficult to achieve without concurrent partial hydrolysis of the α2-8-linkages of the polySia chain, affecting its accurate characterization. We report an approach to protect internal α2-8sia linkages of long polySia chains, using previously known esterification conditions that generate stable polylactone structures. Such polylactonized molecules are more stable during acid hydrolysis release and acidic DMB derivatization. Additionally, we used the highly specific Endoneuraminidase-NF enzyme to discriminate polysialic acid and other sialic acid and developed an approach to precisely measure the total content of polySia in a biological sample. These two methods provide improved quantification and characterization of polySia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaill
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dillon Y Chen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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208
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Dhakal S, He L, Lyuboslavsky P, Sidhu C, Chrenek MA, Sellers JT, Boatright JH, Geisert EE, Setterholm NA, McDonald FE, Iuvone PM. A Tropomycin-Related Kinase B Receptor Activator for the Management of Ocular Blast-Induced Vision Loss. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2896-2906. [PMID: 34353120 PMCID: PMC8820286 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure waves from explosions or other traumatic events can damage the neurons of the eye and visual centers of the brain, leading to functional loss of vision. There are currently few treatments for such injuries that can be deployed rapidly to mitigate damage. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activation of its receptor tropomycin-related kinase B (TrkB) have neuroprotective effects in a number of degeneration models. Small molecule activators of TrkB, such as N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide (HIOC), cross the blood-brain and blood-retina barriers after systemic administration. We characterize the effects of blast-induced ocular trauma on retinal and visual function. We show that systemic administration of HIOC, a potent small molecule activator of the BDNF/TrkB receptor, preserves visual function in mice exposed to ocular blast injury. The HIOC treatment for one week preserves visual function for at least four months. The HIOC treatment effectively protected vision when the initial dose was administered up to 3 h after blast, but not if the initial treatment was delayed for 24 h. We provide evidence that the therapeutic effect of HIOC is mediated by activation of BDNF/TrkB receptors. The results indicate that HIOC may be useful for managing ocular blast injury and other forms of traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susov Dhakal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Curran Sidhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Micah A. Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jana T. Sellers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Eldon E. Geisert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - P. Michael Iuvone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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209
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Sainath R, Gallo G. Bioenergetic Requirements and Spatiotemporal Profile of Nerve Growth Factor Induced PI3K-Akt Signaling Along Sensory Axons. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:726331. [PMID: 34630035 PMCID: PMC8497901 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.726331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) promotes the elaboration of axonal filopodia and branches through PI3K-Akt. NGF activates the TrkA receptor resulting in an initial transient high amplitude burst of PI3K-Akt signaling followed by a maintained lower steady state, hereafter referred to as initiation and steady state phases. Akt initially undergoes phosphorylation at T308 followed by phosphorylation at S473, resulting in maximal kinase activation. We report that during the initiation phase the localization of PI3K signaling, reported by visualizing sites of PIP3 formation, and Akt signaling, reflected by Akt phosphorylation at T308, correlates with the positioning of axonal mitochondria. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation but not glycolysis is required for Akt phosphorylation at T308. In contrast, the phosphorylation of Akt at S473 is not spatially associated with mitochondria and is dependent on both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Under NGF steady state conditions, maintenance of phosphorylation at T308 shows dual dependence on oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Phosphorylation at S473 is more dependent on glycolysis but also requires oxidative phosphorylation for maintenance over longer time periods. The data indicate that NGF induced PI3K-Akt signaling along axons is preferentially initiated at sites containing mitochondria, in a manner dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. Steady state signaling is discussed in the context of combined contributions by mitochondria and the possibility of glycolysis occurring in association with endocytosed signalosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Sainath
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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210
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Exhaustive Plant Profile of “Dimocarpus longan Lour” with Significant Phytomedicinal Properties: A Literature Based-Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: “Dimocarpus longan Lour” is a tropical and subtropical evergreen tree species mainly found in China, India, and Thailand; this plant, found naturally in Bangladesh, even locally, is used as “kaviraj” medication for treating different diseases, such as gastrointestinal disorders, wounds, fever, snake bites, menstrual problem, chickenpox, bone fractures, neurological disorders, and reproductive health. Different parts of this plant, especially juice pulp, pericarp, seeds, leaves, and flowers, contain a diverse group of botanical phytocompounds, and nutrient components which are directly related to alleviating numerous diseases. This literature-based review provides the most up-to-date data on the ethnomedicinal usages, phytochemical profiling, and bio-pharmacological effects of D. longan Lour based on published scientific articles. Methodology: A literature-based review was conducted by collecting information from various published papers in reputable journals and cited organizations. ChemDraw, a commercial software package, used to draw the chemical structure of the phytochemicals. Results: Various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols were collected from the various sections of the plant, and other compounds like vitamins and minerals were also obtained from this plant. As a treating agent, this plant displayed many biologicals activities, such as anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-tyrosinase, radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-microbial, activation of osteoblast differentiation, anti-fungal, immunomodulatory, probiotic, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, obesity, neurological issues, and suppressive effect on macrophages cells. Different plant parts have displayed better activity in different disease conditions. Still, the compounds, such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin acid, quercetin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid, and (-)-epicatechin showed better activity in the biological system. Gallic acid, corilagin, and ellagic acid strongly exhibited anti-cancer activity in the HepG2, A549, and SGC 7901 cancer cell lines. Additionally, 4-O-methyl gallic acid and (-)-epicatechin have displayed outstanding antioxidant activity as well as anti-cancer activity. Conclusion: This plant species can be considered an alternative source of medication for some diseases as it contains a potential group of chemical constituents.
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211
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Ikram M, Jo MH, Choe K, Khan A, Ahmad S, Saeed K, Kim MW, Kim MO. Cycloastragenol, a Triterpenoid Saponin, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Neurotrophic Dysfunctions, Neuroinflammation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:2719. [PMID: 34685699 PMCID: PMC8534642 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we have unveiled the effects of cycloastragenol against Aβ (Amyloid-beta)-induced oxidative stress, neurogenic dysfunction, activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and mitochondrial apoptosis in an Aβ-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Aβ-induced mouse model was developed by the stereotaxic injection of amyloid-beta (5 μg/mouse/intracerebroventricular), and cycloastragenol was given at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day/p.o for 6 weeks daily. For the biochemical analysis, we used immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Our findings showed that the injection of Aβ elevated oxidative stress and reduced the expression of neurogenic markers, as shown by the reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the phosphorylation of its specific receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (p-TrKB). In addition, there was a marked reduction in the expression of NeuN (neuronal nuclear protein) in the Aβ-injected mice brains (cortex and hippocampus). Interestingly, the expression of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), p-TrKB, BDNF, and NeuN was markedly enhanced in the Aβ + Cycloastragenol co-treated mice brains. We have also evaluated the expressions of MAP kinases such as phospho c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), p-38, and phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) in the experimental groups, which suggested that the expression of p-JNK, p-P-38, and p-Erk were significantly upregulated in the Aβ-injected mice brains; interestingly, these markers were downregulated in the Aβ + Cycloastragenol co-treated mice brains. We also checked the expression of activated microglia and inflammatory cytokines, which showed that cycloastragenol reduced the activated microglia and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of cycloastragenol against mitochondrial apoptosis and memory dysfunctions in the experimental groups. The findings showed significant regulatory effects against apoptosis and memory dysfunction as revealed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Collectively, the findings suggested that cycloastragenol regulates oxidative stress, neurotrophic processes, neuroinflammation, apoptotic cell death, and memory impairment in the mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.I.); (M.H.J.); (A.K.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.I.); (M.H.J.); (A.K.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.I.); (M.H.J.); (A.K.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Sareer Ahmad
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.I.); (M.H.J.); (A.K.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.I.); (M.H.J.); (A.K.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.I.); (M.H.J.); (A.K.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.I.); (M.H.J.); (A.K.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (M.W.K.)
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Korea
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212
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Pei W, Meng F, Deng Q, Zhang B, Gu Y, Jiao B, Xu H, Tan J, Zhou X, Li Z, He G, Ruan J, Ding Y. Electroacupuncture promotes the survival and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons and improvement of sleep deprivation-induced spatial memory impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1472-1482. [PMID: 34623740 PMCID: PMC8611786 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) promotes the survival and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons by activating brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase (TrkB)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) signaling, thereby improving spatial memory deficits in rats under SD. Methods In vivo, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to detect the effect of EA on learning and memory, at the same time Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to explore the plasticity of hippocampal neurons and synapses, and the expression of BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling. In vitro, cultured hippocampal neurons were treated with exogenous BDNF and the TrkB inhibitor K252a to confirm the relationship between BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling and synaptic plasticity. Results Our results showed that EA mitigated the loss of hippocampal neurons and synapses, stimulated hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved learning and memory of rats under SD accompanied by upregulation of BDNF and increased phosphorylation of TrkB and Erk. In cultured hippocampal neurons, exogenous BDNF enhanced the expression of synaptic proteins, the frequency of the postsynaptic currents, and the phosphorylation of TrkB and Erk; these effects were reversed by treatment with K252a. Conclusions Electroacupuncture alleviates SD‐induced spatial memory impairment by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via activation of BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling, which provided evidence for EA as a therapeutic strategy for countering the adverse effects of SD on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Pei
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baobao Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Guangzhou Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyu Jiao
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuqing Tan
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanheng He
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Ruan
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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213
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Discovery of novel 2-phenylamino-4-prolylpyrimidine derivatives as TRK/ALK dual inhibitors with promising antitumor effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 47:116396. [PMID: 34534734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore novel TRK and ALK dual inhibitors, a series of 2-phenylamino-4-prolylpyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity and enzymatic activities. Delightfully, most compounds were detected moderated to excellent activities in cellular assay. Among them, compound 21 exhibited encouraging cytotoxicity on KM12, H2228 and KARPAS299 cells with IC50 values of 0.86, 0.141 and 0.072 μM. Meanwhile, the performances of 21 in the enzymatic assays were in good accordance with anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 2.2, 9.3 and 38 nM towards TRKA, ALKWT and ALKL1196M, respectively. Compared with Entrectinib, compound 21 not only ensured the inhibitory activity on TRKA, but also improved the affinity with ALK and ALKL1196M to a certain extent. Ultimately, the binding model of 21 with TRKA and ALK were ideally established through molecular docking, which further confirmed the SARs analysis.
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214
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Feng Q, Song D, Wang X. Pan-cancer analysis reveals that neurotrophin signaling correlates positively with anti-tumor immunity, clinical outcomes, and response to targeted therapies and immunotherapies in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 282:119848. [PMID: 34293398 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The crosstalk between cancer cells and nerves plays an important role in tumor biology. However, the correlation between the neurotrophin signaling (NS) and anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy response in cancer remains unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed associations of NS with anti-tumor immune signatures, tumor immunity-related molecular and genomic features, and clinical features in 33 TCGA cancer types. We also explored the association between NS and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in four cancer cohorts. KEY FINDINGS NS scores had significant positive correlations with the enrichment scores of anti-tumor immune signatures, including CD8+ T cells, interferon response, natural killer cells, Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways in most cancer types. NS scores were inversely correlated with the scores of DNA damage repair pathways, tumor mutation burden, copy number alterations, intra-tumor heterogeneity, and tumor stemness in diverse cancers. In contrast, NS scores were significantly and positively correlated with the apoptosis pathway's scores in 32 of the 33 cancer types. NS scores were significantly lower in early-stage versus late-stage and in primary versus metastatic tumors in diverse cancers. Higher NS scores were correlated with better survival in pan-cancer and in eight individual cancer types. Moreover, the response rate to ICIs was higher in higher-NS-score than in lower-NS-score tumors in four cancer cohorts. Elevated NS was correlated with increased drug sensitivity for numerous anti-tumor targeted drugs. SIGNIFICANCE NS is a positive biomarker for anti-tumor immune response, prognosis, and the response to targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Feng
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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215
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Ferrao Blanco MN, Domenech Garcia H, Legeai-Mallet L, van Osch GJVM. Tyrosine kinases regulate chondrocyte hypertrophy: promising drug targets for Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1389-1398. [PMID: 34284112 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major health problem worldwide that affects the joints and causes severe disability. It is characterized by pain and low-grade inflammation. However, the exact pathogenesis remains unknown and the therapeutic options are limited. In OA articular chondrocytes undergo a phenotypic transition becoming hypertrophic, which leads to cartilage damage, aggravating the disease. Therefore, a therapeutic agent inhibiting hypertrophy would be a promising disease-modifying drug. The therapeutic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been mainly focused on oncology, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the Janus kinase inhibitor Tofacitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis has broadened the applicability of these compounds to other diseases. Interestingly, tyrosine kinases have been associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss the experimental evidence that implicates specific tyrosine kinases in signaling pathways promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Ferrao Blanco
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H Domenech Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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216
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Receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 ameliorates Aβ 1-42 induced cytoskeletal instability and is regulated by the miR146a-NEAT1 nexus in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19254. [PMID: 34584188 PMCID: PMC8479066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves severe cytoskeletal degradation and microtubule disruption. Here, we studied the altered dynamics of ROR1, a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK), and how it could counter these abnormalities. We found that in an Aβ1–42 treated cell model of AD, ROR1 was significantly decreased. Over expressed ROR1 led to the abrogation of cytoskeletal protein degradation, even in the presence of Aβ1–42, preserved the actin network, altered actin dynamics and promoted neuritogenesis. Bioinformatically predicted miRNAs hsa-miR-146a and 34a were strongly up regulated in the cell model and their over expression repressed ROR1. LncRNA NEAT1, an interactor of these miRNAs, was elevated in mice AD brain and cell model concordantly. RNA Immunoprecipitation confirmed a physical interaction between the miRNAs and NEAT1. Intuitively, a transient knock down of NEAT1 increased their levels. To our knowledge, this is the first instance which implicates ROR1 in AD and proposes its role in preserving the cytoskeleton. The signalling modalities are uniquely analyzed from the regulatory perspectives with miR-146a and miR-34a repressing ROR1 and in turn getting regulated by NEAT1.
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217
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Zhao X, Chen A, Wang Z, Xu XH, Tao Y. Biological functions and potential therapeutic applications of huntingtin-associated protein 1: progress and prospects. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:203-214. [PMID: 34564830 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a single-gene autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion of the protein huntingtin (HTT). Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is the first protein identified as an interacting partner of huntingtin, which is directly associated with HD. HAP1 is mainly expressed in the nervous system and is also found in the endocrine system and digestive system, and then involves in the occurrence of the related endocrine diseases, digestive system diseases, and cancer. Understanding the function of HAP1 could help elucidate the pathogenesis that HTT plays in the disease process. Therefore, this article attempts to summarize the latest research progress of the role of HAP1 and its application for diseases in recent years, aiming to clarify the functions of HAP1 and its interacting proteins, and provide new research ideas and new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - A Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Lab, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University. Weihai, Shandong, 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Xu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261031, People's Republic of China.
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218
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Appunni S, Gupta D, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Singh HN, Swarup V. Deregulated Protein Kinases: Friend and Foe in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6471-6489. [PMID: 34549335 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, but its medical management is still limited to the use of thrombolytics as a lifesaving option. Multiple molecular deregulations of the protein kinase family occur during the period of ischemia/reperfusion. However, experimental studies have shown that alterations in the expression of essential protein kinases and their pharmacological modulation can modify the neuropathological milieu and hasten neurophysiological recovery. This review highlights the role of key protein kinase members and their implications in the evolution of stroke pathophysiology. Activation of ROCK-, MAPK-, and GSK-3β-mediated pathways following neuronal ischemia/reperfusion injury in experimental conditions aggravate the neuropathology and delays recovery. Targeting ROCK, MAPK, and GSK-3β will potentially enhance myelin regeneration, improve blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, and suppress inflammation, which ameliorates neuronal survival. Conversely, protein kinases such as PKA, Akt, PKCα, PKCε, Trk, and PERK salvage neurons post-ischemia by mechanisms including enhanced toxin metabolism, restoring BBB integrity, neurotrophic effects, and apoptosis suppression. Certain protein kinases such as ERK1/2, JNK, and AMPK have favourable and unfavourable effects in salvaging ischemia-injured neurons. Targeting multiple protein kinase-mediated pathways simultaneously may improve neuronal recovery post-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Appunni
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Deepika Gupta
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Vishnu Swarup
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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219
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Hosoya M, Fujioka M, Murayama AY, Ozawa H, Okano H, Ogawa K. Neuronal development in the cochlea of a nonhuman primate model, the common marmoset. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:905-938. [PMID: 34545999 PMCID: PMC9298346 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Precise cochlear neuronal development is vital to hearing ability. Understanding the developmental process of the spiral ganglion is useful for studying hearing loss aimed at aging or regenerative therapy. Although interspecies differences have been reported between rodents and humans, to date, most of our knowledge about the development of cochlear neuronal development has been obtained from rodent models because of the difficulty in using human fetal samples in this field. In this study, we investigated cochlear neuronal development in a small New World monkey species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). We examined more than 25 genes involved in the neuronal development of the cochlea and described the critical developmental steps of these neurons. We also revealed similarities and differences between previously reported rodent models and this primate animal model. Our results clarified that this animal model of cochlear neuronal development is more similar to humans than rodents and is suitable as an alternative for the analysis of human cochlear development. The time course established in this report will be a useful tool for studying primate‐specific neuronal biology of the inner ear, which could eventually lead to new treatment strategies for human hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Y Murayama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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[Multidisciplinary consensus on optimizing the detection of NTRK gene alterations in tumours]. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA : PUBLICACIÓN OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE ANATOMÍA PATOLÓGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE CITOLOGÍA 2021; 54:250-262. [PMID: 34544555 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent identification of rearrangements of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes and the development of specific fusion protein inhibitors, such as larotrectinib and entrectinib, have revolutionized the diagnostic and clinical management of patients presenting with tumours with these alterations. Tumours that harbour NTRK fusions are found in both adults and children and are either rare tumours with common NTRK fusions that may be diagnostic, or more common tumours with rare NTRK fusions. To assess the currently available evidence, 3key Spanish medical societies (the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) have brought together a group of experts to develop a consensus document that includes guidelines on the diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of NTRK-fusion tumours. It also discusses the challenges related to the routine detection of these genetic alterations in a mostly public health care system.
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221
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Muzyka VV, Badea TC. Genetic interplay between transcription factor Pou4f1/Brn3a and neurotrophin receptor Ret in retinal ganglion cell type specification. Neural Dev 2021; 16:5. [PMID: 34548095 PMCID: PMC8454062 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-021-00155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the transcriptional code governing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) type specification begins to be understood, its interplay with neurotrophic signaling is largely unexplored. In mice, the transcription factor Brn3a/Pou4f1 is expressed in most RGCs, and is required for the specification of RGCs with small dendritic arbors. The Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) receptor Ret is expressed in a subset of RGCs, including some expressing Brn3a, but its role in RGC development is not defined. Methods Here we use combinatorial genetic experiments using conditional knock-in reporter alleles at the Brn3a and Ret loci, in combination with retina- or Ret specific Cre drivers, to generate complete or mosaic genetic ablations of either Brn3a or Ret in RGCs. We then use sparse labelling to investigate Brn3a and Ret gene dosage effects on RGC dendritic arbor morphology. In addition, we use immunostaining and/or gene expression profiling by RNASeq to identify transcriptional targets relevant for the potential Brn3a-Ret interaction in RGC development. Results We find that mosaic gene dosage manipulation of the transcription factor Brn3a/Pou4f1 in neurotrophic receptor Ret heterozygote RGCs results in altered cell fate decisions and/or morphological dendritic defects. Specific RGC types are lost if Brn3a is ablated during embryogenesis and only mildly affected by postnatal Brn3a ablation. Sparse but not complete Brn3a heterozygosity combined with complete Ret heterozygosity has striking effects on RGC type distribution. Brn3a only mildly modulates Ret transcription, while Ret knockouts exhibit slightly skewed Brn3a and Brn3b expression during development that is corrected by adult age. Brn3a loss of function modestly but significantly affects distribution of Ret co-receptors GFRα1-3, and neurotrophin receptors TrkA and TrkC in RGCs. Conclusions Based on these observations, we propose that Brn3a and Ret converge onto developmental pathways that control RGC type specification, potentially through a competitive mechanism requiring signaling from the surrounding tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13064-021-00155-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vladimirovich Muzyka
- Retinal Circuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Tudor Constantin Badea
- Retinal Circuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Research and Development Institute, School of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
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Prowse N, Hayley S. Microglia and BDNF at the crossroads of stressor related disorders: Towards a unique trophic phenotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:135-163. [PMID: 34537262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stressors ranging from psychogenic/social to neurogenic/injury to systemic/microbial can impact microglial inflammatory processes, but less is known regarding their effects on trophic properties of microglia. Recent studies do suggest that microglia can modulate neuronal plasticity, possibly through brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This is particularly important given the link between BDNF and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative pathology. We posit that certain activated states of microglia play a role in maintaining the delicate balance of BDNF release onto neuronal synapses. This focused review will address how different "activators" influence the expression and release of microglial BDNF and address the question of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression on microglia. We will then assess sex-based differences in microglial function and BDNF expression, and how microglia are involved in the stress response and related disorders such as depression. Drawing on research from a variety of other disorders, we will highlight challenges and opportunities for modulators that can shift microglia to a "trophic" phenotype with a view to potential therapeutics relevant for stressor-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Prowse
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Cristina Mendonça Nogueira T, Vinicius Nora de Souza M. New FDA oncology small molecule drugs approvals in 2020: Mechanism of action and clinical applications. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116340. [PMID: 34416511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, fifty-three new drugs, including forty small-molecules (thirty-six new chemical entities and four new diagnostic agents) and thirteen biologic drugs were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This year, small-molecules continue to play a role in innovative treatments representing around 75% of all drugs accepted by FDA. The dominant therapeutic area was oncology, accounting for twenty-three new approvals, including thirteen new chemical entities, four new diagnostic agents, and thirteen biologic drugs. Recognizing the importance of small-molecules on cancer treatment, this review aims to provide an overview regarding the clinical applications and mechanism of action of the thirteen new small-molecules (excluding new diagnostic agents) approved by FDA in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041- 250 Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041- 250 Brazil.
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Ratti M, Grizzi G, Passalacqua R, Lampis A, Cereatti F, Grassia R, Hahne JC. NTRK fusions in colorectal cancer: clinical meaning and future perspective. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:677-683. [PMID: 34488530 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1978070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the efforts of the scientific community, the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains poor. Actionable gene fusions such as Neurotrophic Tropomyosin Receptor Kinases (NTRK) rearrangements are rare but might represent a new target to improve outcomes in this setting. The first-generation TRK inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, have demonstrated efficacy and safety in mCRC cancer patients exhibiting NTRK pathogenic fusions. Moreover, second-generation molecules are emerging, able to overcome the acquired resistance to NTRK blocking. AREAS COVERED This review aims to report the current knowledge and the available evidence on NTRK fusion in mCRC, with a focus on molecular bases, clinical characteristics, prognostic meaning, and new therapeutic approaches, from the perspective of the clinical oncologist. EXPERT OPINION Considering the limited options associated with the treatment of mCRC patients, the possibility of identifying new molecular biomarkers is an urgent clinical need. The availability of new molecular targets and the combinations of different agents might represent the true breakthrough point, allowing for change in the clinical course of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ratti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giulia Grizzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Passalacqua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Lampis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Fabrizio Cereatti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Roberto Grassia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Jens Claus Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Personeni N, Smiroldo V, Giunta EF, Prete MG, Rimassa L, Bregni G, Sclafani F. Tackling Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4506. [PMID: 34572729 PMCID: PMC8472765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial improvements have characterized the systemic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) over the past 20 years. Besides strong evidence that supports the use of RAS and BRAF status as prognostic and predictive indicators of disease and response, novel technologies have made possible the incorporation of emerging biomarkers for the management of mCRC. On one hand, the discovery of point mutations, amplifications, fusions, and gene expression profiles highlights the genomic and dynamic complexity of CRC. On the other, such discoveries are leading to newer biomarker-driven strategies that add to existing anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anti-angiogenic approaches. In addition, the availability of a wide molecular profiling has relevant implications for patient prognosis and treatment benefits. Here, we will review the molecular underpinnings and clinical data supporting novel targeted treatments under development for refractory mCRC harboring BRAF mutations, KRAS G12C mutations, HER2 amplification, and less common molecular alterations, such as the re-arrangements of NTRK, ALK, and ROS1. Additionally, we will discuss novel strategies driving the rechallenge of EGFR antibodies and the incorporation of newer anti-angiogenic agents in the therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Personeni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (M.G.P.)
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valeria Smiroldo
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Giuseppina Prete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (M.G.P.)
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (M.G.P.)
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Bregni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet–Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (G.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Sclafani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet–Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (G.B.); (F.S.)
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Hauser SR, Rodd ZA, Deehan GA, Liang T, Rahman S, Bell RL. Effects of adolescent substance use disorders on central cholinergic function. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:175-221. [PMID: 34696873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, in which the individual undergoes significant cognitive, behavioral, physical, emotional, and social developmental changes. During this period, adolescents engage in experimentation and risky behaviors such as licit and illicit drug use. Adolescents' high vulnerability to abuse drugs and natural reinforcers leads to greater risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs) during adulthood. Accumulating evidence indicates that the use and abuse of licit and illicit drugs during adolescence and emerging adulthood can disrupt the cholinergic system and its processes. This review will focus on the effects of peri-adolescent nicotine and/or alcohol use, or exposure, on the cholinergic system during adulthood from preclinical and clinical studies. This review further explores potential cholinergic agents and pharmacological manipulations to counteract peri-adolescent nicotine and/or alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Z A Rodd
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - G A Deehan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - T Liang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Fabbiano S, Menacho-Márquez M, Sauzeau V, Dosil M, Bustelo XR. New Functions of Vav Family Proteins in Cardiovascular Biology, Skeletal Muscle, and the Nervous System. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090857. [PMID: 34571735 PMCID: PMC8472352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we provide information on the role of Vav proteins, a group of signaling molecules that act as both Rho GTPase activators and adaptor molecules, in the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, and the nervous system. We also describe how these functions impact in other physiological and pathological processes such as sympathoregulation, blood pressure regulation, systemic metabolism, and metabolic syndrome. Abstract Vav proteins act as tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and as molecular scaffolds. In mammals, this family of signaling proteins is composed of three members (Vav1, Vav2, Vav3) that work downstream of protein tyrosine kinases in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recent work with genetically modified mouse models has revealed that these proteins play key signaling roles in vascular smooth and skeletal muscle cells, specific neuronal subtypes, and glia cells. These functions, in turn, ensure the proper regulation of blood pressure levels, skeletal muscle mass, axonal wiring, and fiber myelination events as well as systemic metabolic balance. The study of these mice has also led to the discovery of new physiological interconnection among tissues that contribute to the ontogeny and progression of different pathologies such as, for example, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Here, we provide an integrated view of all these new Vav family-dependent signaling and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Salvatore Fabbiano
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Institut du Thorax, UMR1087 CNRS 6291, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes, France
| | - Mercedes Dosil
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-663-194-634
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Levy JA, LaFlamme CW, Tsaprailis G, Crynen G, Page DT. Dyrk1a Mutations Cause Undergrowth of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons via Dysregulated Growth Factor Signaling. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:295-306. [PMID: 33840455 PMCID: PMC8787822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in DYRK1A are a cause of microcephaly, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS We generated a conditional mouse model using Emx1-cre, including conditional heterozygous and homozygous knockouts, to investigate the necessity of Dyrk1a in the cortex during development. We used unbiased, high-throughput phosphoproteomics to identify dysregulated signaling mechanisms in the developing Dyrk1a mutant cortex as well as classic genetic modifier approaches and pharmacological therapeutic intervention to rescue microcephaly and neuronal undergrowth caused by Dyrk1a mutations. RESULTS We found that cortical deletion of Dyrk1a in mice causes decreased brain mass and neuronal size, structural hypoconnectivity, and autism-relevant behaviors. Using phosphoproteomic screening, we identified growth-associated signaling cascades dysregulated upon Dyrk1a deletion, including TrkB-BDNF (tyrosine receptor kinase B-brain-derived neurotrophic factor), an important regulator of ERK/MAPK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling. Genetic suppression of Pten or pharmacological treatment with IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), both of which impinge on these signaling cascades, rescued microcephaly and neuronal undergrowth in neonatal mutants. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings identify a previously unknown mechanism through which Dyrk1a mutations disrupt growth factor signaling in the developing brain, thus influencing neuronal growth and connectivity. Our results place DYRK1A as a critical regulator of a biological pathway known to be dysregulated in humans with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. In addition, these data position Dyrk1a within a larger group of autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability risk genes that impinge on growth-associated signaling cascades to regulate brain size and connectivity, suggesting a point of convergence for multiple autism etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna A Levy
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida; Doctoral Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Christy W LaFlamme
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida; The Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Gogce Crynen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Damon T Page
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida; Doctoral Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida.
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Keddy C, Neff T, Huan J, Nickerson JP, Beach CZ, Akkari Y, Ji J, Moore S, Nazemi KJ, Corless CL, Beadling C, Woltjer R, Cho YJ, Wood MD, Davare MA. Mechanisms of targeted therapy resistance in a pediatric glioma driven by ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a006109. [PMID: 34429303 PMCID: PMC8559620 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements of the NTRK genes generate kinase fusions that are targetable oncogenic drivers in diverse adult and pediatric malignancies. Despite robust clinical response to targeted NTRK inhibition, the emergence of therapeutic resistance poses a formidable clinical challenge. Here we report the characterization of an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-driven pediatric glioma that progressed through NTRK-targeted treatments with entrectinib and selitrectinib. Genetic analysis of multifocal recurrent/resistant lesions identified a previously uncharacterized NTRK3 p.G623A and a known p.G623E resistance mutation, in addition to other alterations of potential pathogenic impact. Functional studies using heterologous reconstitution model systems and patient-derived tumor cell lines establish that NTRK3G623A and NTRK3G623E mutated kinases exhibit reduced sensitivity to entrectinib and selitrectinib, as well as other NTRK inhibitors tested herein. In summary, this genetic analysis of multifocal recurrent/resistant glioma driven by ETV6-NTRK3 fusion captured a cross section of resistance-associated alterations that, based on in vitro analysis, likely contributed to resistance to targeted therapy and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Keddy
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Tanaya Neff
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Jianya Huan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Joshua P Nickerson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Catherine Z Beach
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Yassmine Akkari
- Legacy Health, Department of Cytogenetics, Portland, Oregon 97209, USA
| | - Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Stephen Moore
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Kellie J Nazemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Christopher L Corless
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Carol Beadling
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Randy Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Monika A Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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The C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin prevents the oxidative and nitrosative stress induced by acute toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Res 2021; 174:36-45. [PMID: 34453989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant carboxyl-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx) exerts neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects on the dopaminergic system of animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to determine the effect of the Hc-TeTx fragment on the markers of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress generated by the acute toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). For this purpose, the Hc-TeTx fragment was administered once a day in three 20 μg/kg consecutive injections into the grastrocnemius muscle of the rats, with an intra-striatal unilateral injection of 1 μL of MPP+ [10 μg/mL] then administered in order to cause a dopaminergic lesion. The results obtained show that the rats treated with Hc-TeTx plus MPP+ presented an increase in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a significantly greater decrease in the levels of the markers of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and neurodegeneration than that observed for the group injured with only MPP+. Moreover, it was observed that total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and copper/zinc SOD activity increased with the administration of Hc-TeTx. Finally, immunoreactivity levels were observed to decrease for the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ipsilateral striatum of the rats treated with Hc-TeTx plus MPP+, in contrast with those lesioned with MPP+ alone. Our results demonstrate that the recombinant Hc-TeTx fragment may be a potent antioxidant and, therefore, could be suggested as a therapeutic tool against the dopaminergic neuronal impairment observed in the early stages of PD.
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Li LD, Naveed M, Du ZW, Ding H, Gu K, Wei LL, Zhou YP, Meng F, Wang C, Han F, Zhou QG, Zhang J. Abnormal expression profile of plasma-derived exosomal microRNAs in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:55. [PMID: 34419170 PMCID: PMC8379796 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether microRNAs (miRNAs) from plasma exosomes might be dysregulated in patients with depression, especially treatment-resistant depression (TRD), remains unclear, based on study of which novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets could be discovered. To this end, a small sample study was performed by isolation of plasma exosomes from patients with TRD diagnosed by Hamilton scale. In this study, 4 peripheral plasma samples from patients with TRD and 4 healthy controls were collected for extraction of plasma exosomes. Exosomal miRNAs were analyzed by miRNA sequencing, followed by image collection, expression difference analysis, target gene GO enrichment analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Compared with the healthy controls, 2 miRNAs in the plasma exosomes of patients with TRD showed significant differences in expression, among which has-miR-335-5p were significantly upregulated and has-miR-1292-3p were significantly downregulated. Go and KEGG analysis showed that dysregulated miRNAs affect postsynaptic density and axonogenesis as well as the signaling pathway of axon formation and cell growths. The identification of these miRNAs and their target genes may provide novel biomarkers for improving diagnosis accuracy and treatment effectiveness of TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Di Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Wei Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Gu
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211167, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211167, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Yang Y, Feng Y, Hu Y, Liu J, Shi H, Zhao R. Exposure to constant light impairs cognition with FTO inhibition and m 6A-dependent TrκB repression in mouse hippocampus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117037. [PMID: 33866220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation plays a role in various brain functions. Exposure to chronic constant light (CCL) has been reported to impair cognition, yet whether the underlying mechanism involves m6A remains unknown. In this study, mice exposed to CCL for 3 weeks show impaired cognitive behavior, which was associated with increased m6A level in hippocampus. Accordingly, the m6A demethylase FTO was inhibited while the methyltransferases METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP, as well as the reader protein YTHDF2, were elevated in the hippocampus of CCL-exposed mice. CCL exposure significantly activated hippocampal expression of circadian regulator cryptochrome 1 and 2 (CRY1 and 2). Meanwhile, hippocampal neurogenesis was impaired with suppression of BDNF/TrκB/ERK pathway. To further delineate the signaling pathway and the role of m6A, we altered the expression of CRY1/2 in hippocampus neuron cells. CRY1/2 overexpression inhibited FTO and increased m6A levels, while CRY1/2 knockdown led to opposite results. Luciferase reporter analysis further confirmed CRY1/2-induced FTO suppression. Furthermore, FTO knockdown increased m6A on 3'UTR of TrκB mRNA, and decreased TrκB mRNA stability and TrκB protein expression, in a YTHDF2-dependent manner. These results indicate that CCL-activated CRY1/2 causes transcriptional inhibition of FTO, which suppresses TrκB expression in hippocampus via m6A-dependent post-transcriptional regulation and contributes to impaired cognitive behavior in mice exposed to constant light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yun Hu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Hailing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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A novel knockout mouse model of the noncoding antisense Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ( Bdnf) gene displays increased endogenous Bdnf protein and improved memory function following exercise. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07570. [PMID: 34377851 PMCID: PMC8327352 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) expression is tightly controlled at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Previously, we showed that inhibition of noncoding Bdnf antisense (Bdnf-AS) RNA upregulates Bdnf protein. Here, we generated a Bdnf-antisense knockout (Bdnf-AS KO) mouse model by deleting 6 kilobases upstream of Bdnf-AS. After verifying suppression of Bdnf-AS, baseline behavioral tests indicated no significant difference in knockout and wild type mice, except for enhanced cognitive function in the knockout mice in the Y-maze. Following acute involuntary exercise, Bdnf-AS KO mice were re-assessed and a significant increase in Bdnf mRNA and protein were observed. Following long-term involuntary exercise, we observed a significant increase in nonspatial and spatial memory in novel object recognition and Barnes maze tests in young and aged Bdnf-AS KO mice. Our data provides evidence for the beneficial effects of endogenous Bdnf upregulation and the synergistic effect of Bdnf-AS knockout on exercise and memory retention.
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Rodrigues-Amorim D, Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida M, Rivera-Baltanás T, Fernández-Palleiro P, Freiría-Martínez L, Rodríguez-Jamardo C, Comís-Tuche M, Vallejo-Curto MDC, Álvarez-Ariza M, López-García M, de las Heras E, García-Caballero A, Olivares JM, Spuch C. The Role of the Second Extracellular Loop of Norepinephrine Transporter, Neurotrophin-3 and Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase C in T Cells: A Peripheral Biomarker in the Etiology of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168499. [PMID: 34445205 PMCID: PMC8395201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial, comprising the dysregulation of several biochemical pathways and molecules. This research proposes a peripheral biomarker for schizophrenia that involves the second extracellular loop of norepinephrine transporter (NEText), the tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC), and the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in T cells. The study of NEText, NT-3, and TrkC was performed in T cells and plasma extracted from peripheral blood of 54 patients with schizophrenia and 54 healthy controls. Levels of NT-3, TrkC, and NET were significantly lower in plasma and T cells of patients compared to healthy controls. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IPs) showed protein interactions with Co-IP NEText–NT-3 and Co-IP NEText–TrkC. Computational modelling of protein–peptide docking by CABS-dock provided a medium–high accuracy model for NT-3–NEText (4.6935 Å) and TrkC–NEText (2.1365 Å). In summary, immunocomplexes reached statistical relevance in the T cells of the control group contrary to the results obtained with schizophrenia. The reduced expression of NT-3, TrkC, and NET, and the lack of molecular complexes in T cells of patients with schizophrenia may lead to a peripheral dysregulation of intracellular signaling pathways and an abnormal reuptake of norepinephrine (NE) by NET. This peripheral molecular biomarker underlying schizophrenia reinforces the role of neurotrophins, and noradrenergic and immune systems in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues-Amorim
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Marta Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Patricia Fernández-Palleiro
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Freiría-Martínez
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Cynthia Rodríguez-Jamardo
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Comís-Tuche
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - María del Carmen Vallejo-Curto
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - María Álvarez-Ariza
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Marta López-García
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Elena de las Heras
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Alejandro García-Caballero
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Jose Manuel Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.O.); (C.S.)
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain; (D.R.-A.); (M.I.-M.-A.); (T.R.-B.); (P.F.-P.); (L.F.-M.); (C.R.-J.); (M.C.-T.); (M.d.C.V.-C.); (M.Á.-A.); (M.L.-G.); (E.d.l.H.); (A.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.O.); (C.S.)
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Garrido P, Hladun R, de Álava E, Álvarez R, Bautista F, López-Ríos F, Colomer R, Rojo F. Multidisciplinary consensus on optimising the detection of NTRK gene alterations in tumours. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1529-1541. [PMID: 33620682 PMCID: PMC8238709 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent identification of rearrangements of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes and the development of specific fusion protein inhibitors, such as larotrectinib and entrectinib, have revolutionised the diagnostic and clinical management of patients presenting with tumours with these alterations. Tumours that harbour NTRK fusions are found in both adults and children; and they are either rare tumours with common NTRK fusions that may be diagnostic, or more prevalent tumours with rare NTRK fusions. To assess currently available evidence on this matter, three key Spanish medical societies (the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), the Spanish Society of Pathological Anatomy (SEAP), and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) have brought together a group of experts to develop a consensus document that includes guidelines on the diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of NTRK-fusion tumours. This document also discusses the challenges related to the routine detection of these genetic alterations in a mostly public Health Care System.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Garrido
- Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Hladun
- Sociedad Española de Hematología y Oncologías Pediátricas (SEHOP), Departamento de Oncología, Hematología y Trasplante de Progenitores Hematopoyéticos Pediátricos, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. de Álava
- Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica (SEAP), Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERONC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R. Álvarez
- Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Bautista
- Sociedad Española de Hematología y Oncologías Pediátricas (SEHOP), Oncología Pediátrica, Departamento de Hematología y Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas, Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. López-Ríos
- Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica (SEAP), Departamento de Patología, Laboratorio de Dianas Terapéuticas, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Colomer
- Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cátedra UAM-Fundación Instituto Roche de Medicina Personalizada de Precisión, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Rojo
- Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica (SEAP), Departamento de Patología, IIS-Fundación Universitaria Jiménez Díaz, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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Franco ML, Nadezhdin KD, Light TP, Goncharuk SA, Soler-Lopez A, Ahmed F, Mineev KS, Hristova K, Arseniev AS, Vilar M. Interaction between the transmembrane domains of neurotrophin receptors p75 and TrkA mediates their reciprocal activation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100926. [PMID: 34216618 PMCID: PMC8327350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin receptors p75 and tyrosine protein kinase receptor A (TrkA) play important roles in the development and survival of the nervous system. Biochemical data suggest that p75 and TrkA reciprocally regulate the activities of each other. For instance, p75 is able to regulate the response of TrkA to lower concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF), and TrkA promotes shedding of the extracellular domain of p75 by α-secretases in a ligand-dependent manner. The current model suggests that p75 and TrkA are regulated by means of a direct physical interaction; however, the nature of such interaction has been elusive thus far. Here, using NMR in micelles, multiscale molecular dynamics, FRET, and functional studies, we identified and characterized the direct interaction between TrkA and p75 through their respective transmembrane domains (TMDs). Molecular dynamics of p75-TMD mutants suggests that although the interaction between TrkA and p75 TMDs is maintained upon mutation, a specific protein interface is required to facilitate TrkA active homodimerization in the presence of NGF. The same mutations in the TMD protein interface of p75 reduced the activation of TrkA by NGF as well as reducing cell differentiation. In summary, we provide a structural model of the p75-TrkA receptor complex necessary for neuronal development stabilized by TMD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Franco
- Unit of Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Biomedicine CSIC, València, Spain
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Structural Biology, Laboratory of NMR-Spectroscopy, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Taylor P Light
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergey A Goncharuk
- Department of Structural Biology, Laboratory of NMR-Spectroscopy, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrea Soler-Lopez
- Unit of Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Biomedicine CSIC, València, Spain
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Konstantin S Mineev
- Department of Structural Biology, Laboratory of NMR-Spectroscopy, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander S Arseniev
- Department of Structural Biology, Laboratory of NMR-Spectroscopy, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Unit of Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Biomedicine CSIC, València, Spain.
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Liao J, Chen C, Ahn EH, Liu X, Li H, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Lu Z, Ming S, Ye K. Targeting both BDNF/TrkB pathway and delta-secretase for treating Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108737. [PMID: 34343610 PMCID: PMC8478860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia, and no disease-modifying therapeutic agents are currently available. BDNF/TrkB signaling is impaired in AD and is associated with prominent delta-secretase (δ-secretase, also known as asparaginyl endopeptidase or legumain) activation, which simultaneously cleaves both APP and Tau and promotes Aβ production and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) pathologies. Here we show that the optimized δ-secretase inhibitor (#11a) or TrkB receptor agonist (CF3CN) robustly blocks δ-secretase activity separately, and their combination synergistically blunts δ-secretase, exhibiting promising therapeutic efficacy in 3xTg AD mouse model. The optimal δ-secretase inhibitor reveals demonstrable brain exposure and oral bioavailability, suppressing APP N585 and Tau N368 cleavage by δ-secretase. Strikingly, CF3CN treatment evidently escalates BDNF levels. Both #11a and CF3CN display strong in vivo PK/PD properties and ability to suppress δ-secretase activity in the brain. Orally administrated CF3CN strongly activates TrkB that triggers active Akt to phosphorylate δ-secretase T322, preventing its proteolytic activation and mitigating AD pathologies. #11a or CF3CN significantly diminishes AD pathogenesis and improves cognitive functions with the combination exhibiting the maximal effect. Thus, our data support that these derivatives are strong pharmaceutical candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Laura E Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuping Ming
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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238
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Dedoni S, Marras L, Olianas MC, Ingianni A, Onali P. Valproic acid upregulates the expression of the p75NTR/sortilin receptor complex to induce neuronal apoptosis. Apoptosis 2021; 25:697-714. [PMID: 32712736 PMCID: PMC7527367 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antiepileptic and mood stabilizer agent valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to exert anti-tumour effects and to cause neuronal damage in the developing brain through mechanisms not completely understood. In the present study we show that prolonged exposure of SH-SY5Y and LAN-1 human neuroblastoma cells to clinically relevant concentrations of VPA caused a marked induction of the protein and transcript levels of the common neurotrophin receptor p75NTR and its co-receptor sortilin, two promoters of apoptotic cell death in response to proneurotrophins. VPA induction of p75NTR and sortilin was associated with an increase in plasma membrane expression of the receptor proteins and was mimicked by cell treatment with several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. VPA and HDAC1 knockdown decreased the level of EZH2, a core component of the polycomb repressive complex 2, and upregulated the transcription factor CASZ1, a positive regulator of p75NTR. CASZ1 knockdown attenuated VPA-induced p75NTR overexpression. Cell treatment with VPA favoured proNGF-induced p75NTR/sortilin interaction and the exposure to proNGF enhanced JNK activation and apoptotic cell death elicited by VPA. Depletion of p75NTR or addition of the sortilin agonist neurotensin to block proNGF/sortilin interaction reduced the apoptotic response to VPA and proNGF. Exposure of mouse cerebellar granule cells to VPA upregulated p75NTR and sortilin and induced apoptosis which was enhanced by proNGF. These results indicate that VPA upregulates p75NTR apoptotic cell signalling through an epigenetic mechanism involving HDAC inhibition and suggest that this effect may contribute to the anti-neuroblastoma and neurotoxic effects of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Luisa Marras
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria C Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Angela Ingianni
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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239
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Dedoni S, Marras L, Olianas MC, Ingianni A, Onali P. The Neurotrophin Receptor TrkC as a Novel Molecular Target of the Antineuroblastoma Action of Valproic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157790. [PMID: 34360553 PMCID: PMC8346142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins and their receptors are relevant factors in controlling neuroblastoma growth and progression. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to downregulate TrkB and upregulate the p75NTR/sortilin receptor complex. In the present study, we investigated the VPA effect on the expression of the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) receptor TrkC, a favorable prognostic marker of neuroblastoma. We found that VPA induced the expression of both full-length and truncated (TrkC-T1) isoforms of TrkC in human neuroblastoma cell lines without (SH-SY5Y) and with (Kelly, BE(2)-C and IMR 32) MYCN amplification. VPA enhanced cell surface expression of the receptor and increased Akt and ERK1/2 activation by NT-3. The HDAC inhibitors entinostat, romidepsin and vorinostat also increased TrkC in SH-SY5Y, Kelly and BE(2)-C but not IMR 32 cells. TrkC upregulation by VPA involved induction of RUNX3, stimulation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and ERK1/2-mediated Egr1 expression. In SH-SY5Y cell monolayers and spheroids the exposure to NT-3 enhanced the apoptotic cascade triggered by VPA. Gene silencing of both TrkC-T1 and p75NTR prevented the NT-3 proapoptotic effect. Moreover, NT-3 enhanced p75NTR/TrkC-T1 co-immunoprecipitation. The results indicate that VPA upregulates TrkC by activating epigenetic mechanisms and signaling pathways, and sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to NT-3-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.D.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Luisa Marras
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (L.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Maria C. Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.D.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Angela Ingianni
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (L.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.D.); (M.C.O.)
- Correspondence:
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240
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Lin CW, Zheng T, Grande G, Nanna AR, Rader C, Lerner RA. A new immunochemical strategy for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14875. [PMID: 34290315 PMCID: PMC8295383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly diverse group of malignant neoplasms which tend to have poor outcomes, and the development of new targets and strategies to treat these cancers is sorely needed. Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy has been shown to be a promising targeted therapy for treating many cancers, but has only rarely been tried in patients with TNBC. A major reason the efficacy of ADC therapy in the setting of TNBC has not been more fully investigated is the lack of appropriate target molecules. In this work we were able to identify an effective TNBC target for use in immunotherapy. We were guided by our previous observation that in some breast cancer patients the protein tropomyosin receptor kinase B cell surface protein (TrkB) had become immunogenic, suggesting that it was somehow sufficiently chemically different enough (presumably by mutation) to escaped immune tolerance. We postulated that this difference might well offer a means for selective targeting by antibodies. We engineered site-specific ADCs using a dual variable domain (DVD) format which combines anti-TrkB antibody with the h38C2 catalytic antibody. This format enables rapid, one-step, and homogeneous conjugation of β-lactam-derivatized drugs. Following conjugation to β-lactam-derivatized monomethyl auristatin F, the TrkB-targeting DVD-ADCs showed potency against multiple breast cancer cell lines, including TNBC cell lines. In addition, our isolation of antibody that specifically recognized the breast cancer-associated mutant form of TrkB, but not the wild type TrkB, indicates the possibility of further refining the selectivity of anti-TrkB DVD-ADCs, which should enhance their therapeutic index. These results confirmed our supposition that TrkB is a potential target for immunotherapy for TNBC, as well as for other cancers with mutated cell surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tianqing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Geramie Grande
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alex R Nanna
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Richard A Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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241
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White MF, Kahn CR. Insulin action at a molecular level - 100 years of progress. Mol Metab 2021; 52:101304. [PMID: 34274528 PMCID: PMC8551477 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The availability of purified insulin allowed for the establishment of its physiological role in the regulation of blood glucose and ketones, the determination of its amino acid sequence, and the solving of its structure. Over the last 50 years, the function of insulin has been applied into the discovery of the insulin receptor and its signaling cascade to reveal the role of impaired insulin signaling-or resistance-in the progression of type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that insulin signaling can impact not only classical insulin-sensitive tissues, but all tissues of the body, and that in many of these tissues the insulin signaling cascade regulates unexpected physiological functions. Despite these remarkable advances, much remains to be learned about both insulin signaling and how to use this molecular knowledge to advance the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris F White
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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242
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Almulla AYH, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Dasdelen D. Learning, Neurogenesis, and Effects of Flavonoids on Learning. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:355-364. [PMID: 34238155 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210707120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory are two of our mind's most magical abilities. Different brain regions have roles in processing and storing different types of memories. The hippocampus is the part of the brain responsible for receiving information and storing it in the neocortex. One of the most impressive characteristics of the hippocampus is its capacity for neurogenesis, which is a process in which new neurons are produced and then transformed into mature neurons and finally integrated into neural circuits. The neurogenesis process in the hippocampus, an example of neuroplasticity in the adult brain, is believed to aid hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. New neurons are constantly produced in the hippocampus and integrated into the pre-existing neuronal network; this allows old memories already stored in the neocortex to be removed from the hippocampus and replaced with new ones. Factors affecting neurogenesis in the hippocampus may also affect hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The flavonoids can particularly exert powerful actions in mammalian cognition and improve hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by positively affecting hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Dervis Dasdelen
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
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243
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Chen C, Ahn EH, Liu X, Wang ZH, Luo S, Liao J, Ye K. Optimized TrkB Agonist Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies and Improves Cognitive Functions via Inhibiting Delta-Secretase. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2448-2461. [PMID: 34106682 PMCID: PMC8269693 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
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BDNF/TrkB neurotropic pathway, essential for neural synaptic plasticity and survival,
is deficient in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Our previous works support that BDNF diminishes AD pathologies by inhibiting
delta-secretase, a crucial age-dependent protease that simultaneously cleaves both APP
and Tau and promotes AD pathologies, via Akt phosphorylation. Small molecular TrkB
receptor agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) binds and activates the receptor and its
downstream signaling, exerting therapeutic efficacy toward AD. In the current study, we
optimize 7,8-DHF pharmacokinetic characteristics via medicinal chemistry to obtain a
synthetic derivative CF3CN that interacts with the TrkB LRM/CC2 domain.
CF3CN possesses improved druglike features, including oral bioavailability
and half-life, compared to those of the lead compound. CF3CN activates TrkB
neurotrophic signaling in primary neurons and mouse brains. Oral administration of
CF3CN blocks delta-secretase activation, attenuates AD pathologies, and
alleviates cognitive dysfunctions in 5xFAD. Notably, chronic treatment of
CF3CN reveals no demonstrable toxicity. Hence, CF3CN represents a
promising preclinical candidate for treating the devastating neurodegenerative
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Eun H. Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shilin Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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244
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Sarkar P, Jayaraj P, Patwardhan K, Yeole S, Das S, Somaiya Y, Desikan R, Thirumurugan K. In Silico Analysis to Link Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Ageing with Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2608-2617. [PMID: 34227035 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of ageing accompanies several metabolic diseases. With ageing, fats accumulate to increase the visceral and abdominal adiposity leading to hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, obesity and several other diseases. Drosophila melanogaster is often used to study the ageing process and its related disorders. Therefore, in this study, we performed an in silico analysis to relate the process of ageing and insulin resistance. We analysed the data of insulin-resistant Drosophila from the GEO database and compared it with the data from the literature survey. We observed that 98 genes were common in both the models, and they showed gene modulations related to metabolic pathways, fatty acid metabolism, insulin resistance and neural receptor-ligand binding pathways. Analysis of the REACTOME database against human data revealed that the TRKB signalling pathway is commonly affected. The TRKB-mediated BDNF pathway is a major regulator of memory loss. We further analysed the common genes in Alzheimer's disease and compared the fly data with human data to identify the diseases related to these common genes. Then, we performed a literature survey to provide protective mechanisms for the TRKB signalling pathway activation, mediated through polyphenols. We treated the flies with sesamol-conjugated lipoic acid derivative (a phenolic compound) at hormetic doses to evaluate its effect on the memory of flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sarkar
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Premkumar Jayaraj
- Technology Tower, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Ketaki Patwardhan
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Samiksha Yeole
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sourajit Das
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Yash Somaiya
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Rajagopal Desikan
- Technology Tower, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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245
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Ding C, Zhang C, Kopp R, Kuney L, Meng Q, Wang L, Xia Y, Jiang Y, Dai R, Min S, Yao WD, Wong ML, Ruan H, Liu C, Chen C. Transcription factor POU3F2 regulates TRIM8 expression contributing to cellular functions implicated in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3444-3460. [PMID: 32929213 PMCID: PMC7956165 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with aberrant expression of multiple genes. However, identifying its exact causal genes remains a considerable challenge. The brain-specific transcription factor POU3F2 (POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2) has been recognized as a risk factor for SCZ, but our understanding of its target genes and pathogenic mechanisms are still limited. Here we report that POU3F2 regulates 42 SCZ-related genes in knockdown and RNA-sequencing experiments of human neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Among those SCZ-related genes, TRIM8 (Tripartite motif containing 8) is located in SCZ-associated genetic locus and is aberrantly expressed in patients with SCZ. Luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that POU3F2 induces TRIM8 expression by binding to the SCZ-associated SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) rs5011218, which affects POU3F2-binding efficiency at the promoter region of TRIM8. We investigated the cellular functions of POU3F2 and TRIM8 as they co-regulate several pathways related to neural development and synaptic function. Knocking down either POU3F2 or TRIM8 promoted the proliferation of NPCs, inhibited their neuronal differentiation, and impaired the excitatory synaptic transmission of NPC-derived neurons. These results indicate that POU3F2 regulates TRIM8 expression through the SCZ-associated SNP rs5011218, and both genes may be involved in the etiology of SCZ by regulating neural development and synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaodong Ding
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Richard Kopp
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Liz Kuney
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Qingtuan Meng
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Le Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rujia Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shishi Min
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Hongyu Ruan
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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246
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Podyma B, Parekh K, Güler AD, Deppmann CD. Metabolic homeostasis via BDNF and its receptors. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:488-499. [PMID: 33958275 PMCID: PMC8192464 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders result from dysregulation of central nervous system and peripheral metabolic energy homeostatic pathways. To maintain normal energy balance, neural circuits must integrate feedforward and feedback signals from the internal metabolic environment to orchestrate proper food intake and energy expenditure. These signals include conserved meal and adipocyte cues such as glucose and leptin, respectively, in addition to more novel players including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In particular, BDNF's two receptors, tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), are increasingly appreciated to be involved in whole body energy homeostasis. At times, these two receptors even seem to functionally oppose one another's actions, providing the framework for a potential neurotrophin mediated energy regulatory axis, which we explore further here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Podyma
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0738, USA.
| | - Kavya Parekh
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ali D Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Design and synthesis of novel orally selective and type II pan-TRK inhibitors to overcome mutations by property-driven optimization. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113673. [PMID: 34303872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rare oncogenic NTRK gene fusions result in uncontrolled TRK signaling leading to various adult and pediatric solid tumors. Based on the architecture of our multi-targeted clinical candidate BPR1K871 (10), we designed and synthesized a series of quinazoline compounds as selective and orally bioavailable type II TRK inhibitors. Property-driven and lead optimization strategies informed by structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of 39, which showed higher (about 15-fold) selectivity for TRKA over AURA and AURB, as well as potent cellular activity (IC50 = 56.4 nM) against the KM12 human colorectal cancer cell line. 39 also displayed good AUC and oral bioavailability (F = 27%), excellent in vivo efficacy (TGI = 64%) in a KM12 xenograft model, and broad-spectrum anti-TRK mutant potency (IC50 = 3.74-151.4 nM), especially in the double-mutant TRKA enzymatic assays. 39 is therefore proposed for further development as a next-generation, selective, and orally-administered type II TRK inhibitor.
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Sex-Based Differences in Cardiac Gene Expression and Function in BDNF Val66Met Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137002. [PMID: 34210092 PMCID: PMC8269163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a pleiotropic neuronal growth and survival factor that is indispensable in the brain, as well as in multiple other tissues and organs, including the cardiovascular system. In approximately 30% of the general population, BDNF harbors a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism that may be associated with cardiometabolic disorders, coronary artery disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy. We recently showed that transgenic mice with the human BDNF rs6265 polymorphism (Val66Met) exhibit altered cardiac function, and that cardiomyocytes isolated from these mice are also less contractile. To identify the underlying mechanisms involved, we compared cardiac function by echocardiography and performed deep sequencing of RNA extracted from whole hearts of all three genotypes (Val/Val, Val/Met, and Met/Met) of both male and female Val66Met mice. We found female-specific cardiac alterations in both heterozygous and homozygous carriers, including increased systolic (26.8%, p = 0.047) and diastolic diameters (14.9%, p = 0.022), increased systolic (57.9%, p = 0.039) and diastolic volumes (32.7%, p = 0.026), and increased stroke volume (25.9%, p = 0.033), with preserved ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Both males and females exhibited lower heart rates, but this change was more pronounced in female mice than in males. Consistent with phenotypic observations, the gene encoding SERCA2 (Atp2a2) was reduced in homozygous Met/Met mice but more profoundly in females compared to males. Enriched functions in females with the Met allele included cardiac hypertrophy in response to stress, with down-regulation of the gene encoding titin (Tcap) and upregulation of BNP (Nppb), in line with altered cardiac functional parameters. Homozygous male mice on the other hand exhibited an inflammatory profile characterized by interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-mediated Th1 immune responses. These results provide evidence for sex-based differences in how the BDNF polymorphism modifies cardiac physiology, including female-specific alterations of cardiac-specific transcripts and male-specific activation of inflammatory targets.
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Di Donato M, Galasso G, Giovannelli P, Sinisi AA, Migliaccio A, Castoria G. Targeting the Nerve Growth Factor Signaling Impairs the Proliferative and Migratory Phenotype of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676568. [PMID: 34268306 PMCID: PMC8275826 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that still lacks specific therapeutic approaches. The identification of new biomarkers, predictive of the disease's aggressiveness and pharmacological response, is a challenge for a more tailored approach in the clinical management of patients. Nerve growth factor, initially identified as a key factor for neuronal survival and differentiation, turned out to be a multifaceted molecule with pleiotropic effects in quite divergent cell types, including cancer cells. Many solid tumors exhibit derangements of the nerve growth factor and its receptors, including the tropomyosin receptor kinase A. This receptor is expressed in triple-negative breast cancer, although its role in the pathogenesis and aggressiveness of this disease is still under investigation. We now report that triple-negative breast cancer-derived MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells express appreciable levels of tropomyosin receptor kinase A and release a biologically active nerve growth factor. Activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase by nerve growth factor treatment positively affects the migration, invasion, and proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells. An increase in the size of triple-negative breast cancer cell spheroids is also detected. This latter effect might occur through the nerve growth factor-induced release of matrix metalloproteinase 9, which contributes to the reorganization of the extracellular matrix and cell invasiveness. The tropomyosin receptor kinase A inhibitor GW441756 reverses all these responses. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in both cell lines show that nerve growth factor triggers the assembly of the TrkA/β1-integrin/FAK/Src complex, thereby activating several downstream effectors. GW441756 prevents the complex assembly induced by nerve growth factor as well as the activation of its dependent signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of the tyrosine kinases Src and FAK (focal adhesion kinase), together with the silencing of β1-integrin, shows that the tyrosine kinases impinge on both proliferation and motility, while β1-integrin is needed for motility induced by nerve growth factor in triple-negative breast cancer cells. The present data support the key role of the nerve growth factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase A pathway in triple-negative breast cancer and offer new hints in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Di Donato
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Giovannelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio A Sinisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Avanzate, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Song S, McConnell KW, Amores D, Levinson A, Vogel H, Quarta M, Rando TA, George PM. Electrical stimulation of human neural stem cells via conductive polymer nerve guides enhances peripheral nerve recovery. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120982. [PMID: 34214785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Severe peripheral nerve injuries often result in permanent loss of function of the affected limb. Current treatments are limited by their efficacy in supporting nerve regeneration and behavioral recovery. Here we demonstrate that electrical stimulation through conductive nerve guides (CNGs) enhances the efficacy of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) in treating a sciatic nerve transection in rats. Electrical stimulation strengthened the therapeutic potential of NPCs by upregulating gene expression of neurotrophic factors which are critical in augmenting synaptic remodeling, nerve regeneration, and myelination. Electrically-stimulated hNPC-containing CNGs are significantly more effective in improving sensory and motor functions starting at 1-2 weeks after treatment than either treatment alone. Electrophysiology and muscle assessment demonstrated successful re-innervation of the affected target muscles in this group. Furthermore, histological analysis highlighted an increased number of regenerated nerve fibers with thicker myelination in electrically-stimulated hNPC-containing CNGs. The elevated expression of tyrosine kinase receptors (Trk) receptors, known to bind to neurotrophic factors, indicated the long-lasting effect from electrical stimulation on nerve regeneration and distal nerve re-innervation. These data suggest that electrically-enhanced stem cell-based therapy provides a regenerative rehabilitative approach to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly W McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Amores
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Levinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Quarta
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Restoration and Repair, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Restoration and Repair, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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