201
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The role of metabolic diseases in cardiotoxicity associated with cancer therapy: What we know, what we would know. Life Sci 2020; 255:117843. [PMID: 32464123 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are known risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Thus, patients with those comorbidities could be at increased risk of experiencing cardiotoxicity related to treatment with Anthracyclines and the other new generation targeted anticancer drugs. However, investigations addressing the mechanisms underlying the development of CV complications and poor outcome in such cohort of patients are still few and controversial. Given the importance of a personalized approach against chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, this review summarizes our current knowledge on the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy and its association with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Along with clinical evidences, future perspectives of preclinical research around this field and its role in addressing important open questions, including the development of more proactive strategies for prevention, and treatment of cardiotoxicity during and after chemotherapy in the presence of metabolic diseases, is also presented.
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202
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Jiang Z, Liu H, He H, Yadava N, Chambers JJ, Thayumanavan S. Anionic Polymers Promote Mitochondrial Targeting of Delocalized Lipophilic Cations. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1344-1353. [PMID: 32208679 PMCID: PMC7347245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are therapeutic targets in many diseases including cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, strategies to deliver therapeutics of interest to mitochondria are important for therapeutic development. As delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) preferentially accumulate in mitochondria, DLC-conjugation has been utilized to facilitate therapeutic delivery systems with mitochondrial targeting capability. Here we report that upon DLC-conjugation, anionic polymers exhibit significantly improved mitochondrial targeting when compared to cationic polymers and charge-neutral polymers. Considering that the cell membrane generally bears a net negative charge, the observed phenomenon is unexpected. Notably, the DLC-conjugated anionic polymers circumvent endosomal entrapment. The rapid mitochondrial accumulation of DLC-conjugated anionic polymers is likely a membrane-potential-driven process, along with the involvement of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. Moreover, the structural variations on the side chain of DLC-conjugated anionic polymers do not compromise the overall mitochondrial targeting capability, widely extending the applicability of anionic macromolecules in therapeutic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Huan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - James J. Chambers
- Center for Bioactive Delivery – Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery – Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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203
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Wang D, Qi J, Han W, Gao JM, Horsman GP. Kanamycin-induced production of 2',3'-cyclic AMP in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:854-860. [PMID: 32430174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-characterized second messenger adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (3',5'-cAMP), the biological roles of its isomer 2',3'-cAMP remain largely unknown, especially in bacteria. Recent work reported that RNase I-dependent elevation of 2',3'-cNMP levels in Escherichia coli correlated with reduced biofilm production, and separate studies demonstrated E. coli ribonuclease activation in response to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Here we report that E. coli produced 2',3'-cAMP in response to kanamycin at sub-inhibitory levels. Surprisingly, other aminoglycosides like streptomycin or gentamicin did not generate levels of 2',3'-cAMP detectable by 31P NMR. Interestingly, because 2',3'-cAMP is also produced in E. coli strains expressing a plasmid-encoded kanamycin resistance gene but not by other ribosome-targeting antibiotics, this kanamycin-specific production may not reflect disrupted protein synthesis. Overall, this finding provides a link between aminoglycoside-induced ribonuclease activity and 2',3'-cAMP production in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wenbo Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Geoff P Horsman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
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204
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A Comparative Study of Rat Urine 1H-NMR Metabolome Changes Presumably Arising from Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Necrosis Versus Clarithromycin-Induced QT Interval Prolongation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9050098. [PMID: 32414184 PMCID: PMC7284797 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity remains a challenging concern both in drug development and in the management of various clinical situations. There are a lot of examples of drugs withdrawn from the market or stopped during clinical trials due to unpredicted cardiac adverse events. Obviously, current conventional methods for cardiotoxicity assessment suffer from a lack of predictivity and sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need for developing new tools to better identify and characterize any cardiotoxicity that can occur during the pre-clinical and clinical phases of drug development as well as after marketing in exposed patients. In this study, isoproterenol and clarithromycin were used as prototypical cardiotoxic agents in rats in order to evaluate potential biomarkers of heart toxicity at very early stages using 1H-NMR-based metabonomics. While isoproterenol is known to cause heart necrosis, clarithromycin may induce QT interval prolongation. Heart necrosis and QT prolongation were validated by histological analysis, serum measurement of lactate dehydrogenase/creatine phosphate kinase and QTc measurement by electrocardiogram (ECG). Urine samples were collected before and repeatedly during daily exposure to the drugs for 1H-NMR based-metabonomics investigations. Specific metabolic signatures, characteristic of each tested drug, were obtained from which potential predictive biomarkers for drug-induced heart necrosis and drug-induced QT prolongation were retrieved. Isoproterenol-induced heart necrosis was characterized by higher levels of taurine, creatine, glucose and by lower levels of Krebs cycle intermediates, creatinine, betaine/trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), dimethylamine (DMA)/sarcosine. Clarithromycin-induced QT prolongation was characterized by higher levels of creatinine, taurine, betaine/TMAO and DMA/sarcosine and by lower levels of Krebs cycle intermediates, glucose and hippurate.
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205
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Hemmerich J, Troger F, Füzi B, F.Ecker G. Using Machine Learning Methods and Structural Alerts for Prediction of Mitochondrial Toxicity. Mol Inform 2020; 39:e2000005. [PMID: 32108997 PMCID: PMC7317375 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years more and more organ and idiosyncratic toxicities were linked to mitochondrial toxicity. Despite well-established assays, such as the seahorse and Glucose/Galactose assay, an in silico approach to mitochondrial toxicity is still feasible, particularly when it comes to the assessment of large compound libraries. Therefore, in silico approaches could be very beneficial to indicate hazards early in the drug development pipeline. By combining multiple endpoints, we derived the largest so far published dataset on mitochondrial toxicity. A thorough data analysis shows that molecules causing mitochondrial toxicity can be distinguished by physicochemical properties. Finally, the combination of machine learning and structural alerts highlights the suitability for in silico risk assessment of mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hemmerich
- University of ViennaDepartment of Pharmaceutical ChemistryAlthanstr. 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Florentina Troger
- University of ViennaDepartment of Pharmaceutical ChemistryAlthanstr. 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Füzi
- University of ViennaDepartment of Pharmaceutical ChemistryAlthanstr. 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Gerhard F.Ecker
- University of ViennaDepartment of Pharmaceutical ChemistryAlthanstr. 141090ViennaAustria
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206
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Varlamov O, Bucher M, Myatt L, Newman N, Grant KA. Daily Ethanol Drinking Followed by an Abstinence Period Impairs Bone Marrow Niche and Mitochondrial Function of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Rhesus Macaques. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1088-1098. [PMID: 32220015 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy consumption of alcohol is a major public health crisis with strong associations between immunological dysfunctions, high vulnerability to infectious disease, anemia, and an increase in the risk of hematological malignancies. However, there is a lack of studies addressing alcohol-induced changes in bone marrow (BM) and hematopoiesis as fundamental aspects of immune system function. METHODS To address the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and the BM niche, we used an established rhesus macaque model of voluntary alcohol drinking. A cohort of young adult male rhesus macaques underwent a standard ethanol self-administration protocol that allowed a choice of drinking alcohol or water 22 hours/day with periods of forced abstinence that elevated subsequent intakes when alcohol availability resumed. Following the last month of forced abstinence, the monkeys were euthanized. HSPCs and bone samples were collected and analyzed in functional assays and by confocal microscopy. RESULTS HSPCs from alcohol animals exhibited reduced ability to form granulocyte-monocyte and erythroid colonies in vitro. HSPCs also displayed a decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption linked to ATP production and basal respiratory capacity. Chronic alcohol use led to vascular remodeling of the BM niche, a reduction in the number of primitive HSPCs, and a shift in localization of HSPCs from an adipose to a perivascular niche. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that chronic voluntary alcohol drinking in rhesus macaque monkeys leads to the long-term impairment of HSPC function, a reduction in mitochondrial respiratory activity, and alterations in the BM microenvironment. Further studies are needed to determine whether these changes in hematopoiesis are persistent or adaptive during the abstinent period and whether an initial imprinting to alcohol primes BM to become more vulnerable to future exposure to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Varlamov
- From the, Division of Cardiometabolic Health, (OV), Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew Bucher
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, (MB, LM), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, (MB, LM), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Natali Newman
- Division of Neuroscience, (NN, KAG), Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, (NN, KAG), Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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207
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Salimi A, Bahreini F, Jamali Z, Pourahmad J. Mesalazine Induces Oxidative Stress and Cytochrome c Release in Isolated Rat Heart Mitochondria: An Analysis of Cardiotoxic Effects. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:241-247. [PMID: 32308077 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820918163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesalazine is widely used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies reported that mesalazine-induced cardiotoxicity is a rare, potentially fatal complication. Mitochondria play an important role in myocardial tissue homeostasis. Deterioration in mitochondrial function will eventually lead to cardiomyocyte death and consequently cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mesalazine on rat heart mitochondria. Rat heart mitochondria were isolated by mechanical lysis and differential centrifugation. Parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release were evaluated. Results revealed that mesalazine induced a concentration- and time-dependent rise in mitochondrial ROS formation, inhibition of SDH, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release in rat heart mitochondria. These results indicate that the cardiotoxic effects of mesalazine are most likely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS formation, which finally ends in cytochrome c release signaling and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farnaz Bahreini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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208
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Abstract
Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a range of cancers, but despite its success in improving cancer survival rates, doxorubicin is cardiotoxic and can lead to congestive heart failure. Therapeutic options for this patient group are limited to standard heart failure medications with the only drug specific for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity to reach FDA approval being dexrazoxane, an iron-chelating agent targeting oxidative stress. However, dexrazoxane has failed to live up to its expectations from preclinical studies while also bringing up concerns about its safety. Despite decades of research, the molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity are still poorly understood and oxidative stress is no longer considered to be the sole evil. Mitochondrial impairment, increased apoptosis, dysregulated autophagy and increased fibrosis have also been shown to be crucial players in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. These cellular processes are all linked by one highly conserved intracellular kinase: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK regulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC1α signalling, increases oxidative mitochondrial metabolism, decreases apoptosis through inhibition of mTOR signalling, increases autophagy through ULK1 and decreases fibrosis through inhibition of TGFβ signalling. AMPK therefore sits at the control point of many mechanisms shown to be involved in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and cardiac AMPK signalling itself has been shown to be impaired by doxorubicin. In this review, we introduce different agents known to activate AMPK (metformin, statins, resveratrol, thiazolidinediones, AICAR, specific AMPK activators) as well as exercise and dietary restriction, and we discuss the existing evidence for their potential role in cardioprotection from doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin N Timm
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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209
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MicroRNAs in Cancer Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030704. [PMID: 32192047 PMCID: PMC7140035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has made significant progress in the cure of different types of tumors. Nevertheless, its clinical use is limited by unwanted cardiotoxicity. Aside from the conventional chemotherapy approaches, even the most newly developed, i.e., molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy, exhibit a similar frequency and severity of toxicities that range from subclinical ventricular dysfunction to severe cardiomyopathy and, ultimately, congestive heart failure. Specific mechanisms leading to cardiotoxicity still remain to be elucidated. For instance, oxidative stress and DNA damage are considered key players in mediating cardiotoxicity in different treatments. microRNAs (miRNAs) act as key regulators in cell proliferation, cell death, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. Their dysregulation has been associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and toxicity. This review provides an overview of the cardiotoxicity induced by different oncologic treatments and potential miRNAs involved in this effect that could be used as possible therapeutic targets.
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210
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Sabet NS, Atashbar S, Khanlou EM, Kahrizi F, Salimi A. Curcumin attenuates bevacizumab-induced toxicity via suppressing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in heart mitochondria. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1447-1457. [PMID: 32172286 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure was subsequently noted in 2-4% of patients on bevacizumab (BEV). Whereas mitochondria play an important role in myocardial tissue homeostasis, deterioration in mitochondrial function will eventually lead to cardiomyocyte cell death and consequently cardiovascular dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of our study is to search the effects of BEV on isolated rat heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, and survey the effect of curcumin as a mitochondrial protective and cardioprotective agent. Rat heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult rat heart ventricular. By using biochemical and flow cytometry evaluations, the parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation (LP), and cellular assays such as cytotoxicity and MMP collapse were evaluated. Results revealed that BEV (up to 50 μg/ml) induced a concentration- and time-dependent rise in mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, LP, and inhibition of SDH in rat heart mitochondria. Our results showed that curcumin (10-100 μM) significantly ameliorated BEV-induced mitochondrial toxicities. Also, our results in cellular assays confirmed amelioration effect of curcumin against BEV toxicity. These results indicate that the cardiotoxic effects of BEV are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS formation, which finally ends in MMP collapse and mitochondrial swelling as the "point of no return" in the cascade of events leading to apoptosis. Also, results of this study suggest that probably the combination therapy of BEV and curcumin could decrease mitochondrial effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Shokouhi Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saman Atashbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Mohammad Khanlou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzad Kahrizi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damghan Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran.
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211
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Murabito A, Hirsch E, Ghigo A. Mechanisms of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Is Mitochondrial Dysfunction the Answer? Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:35. [PMID: 32226791 PMCID: PMC7080657 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac side effects are a major drawback of anticancer therapies, often requiring the use of low and less effective doses or even discontinuation of the drug. Among all the drugs known to cause severe cardiotoxicity are anthracyclines that, though being the oldest chemotherapeutic drugs, are still a mainstay in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. The recent expansion of the field of Cardio-Oncology, a branch of cardiology dealing with prevention or treatment of heart complications due to cancer treatment, has greatly improved our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). Despite excessive generation of reactive oxygen species was originally believed to be the main cause of AIC, recent evidence points to the involvement of a plethora of different mechanisms that, interestingly, mainly converge on deregulation of mitochondrial function. In this review, we will describe how anthracyclines affect cardiac mitochondria and how these organelles contribute to AIC. Furthermore, we will discuss how drugs specifically targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and/or mitochondria-targeted drugs could be therapeutically exploited to treat AIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Murabito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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212
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Chen J, Zhang S, Pan G, Lin L, Liu D, Liu Z, Mei S, Zhang L, Hu Z, Chen J, Luo H, Wang Y, Xin Y, You Z. Modulatory effect of metformin on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin via the MAPK and AMPK pathways. Life Sci 2020; 249:117498. [PMID: 32142765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anthracycline anticancer drug. However, the clinical usage of it is limited due to its severe cardiotoxicity side effects. Metformin (Met) is a kind of first-line antihyperglycemic drug which has a potential protective effect on the heart,it is often used for oral treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we explored whether Met could attenuate cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the sake of exploring the Met protective effect and mechanism, we established the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models both in H9C2 cells incubated with 5 μM DOX in vitro and Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 20 mg/kg cumulative dose of DOX. KEY FINDINGS Met is able to inhibit growth inhibition and apoptosis of H9C2 cells induced by DOX. The heart indexes of rats were examined to evaluate the Met cardiotoxicity protection. Met improved the abnormal indexes, serum markers of cardiac heart injury, echocardiography, electrocardiogram, cardiac pathology, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and oxidative stress markers induced by DOX. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that Met protected against DOX-induced increasing cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. Met also prevented the downregulation of Bcl-2, activated the AMPK pathway, and inhibited the MAPK pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Met showed protective effects on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, as well as regulating AMPK and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoting Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guixuan Pan
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Mei
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihang Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaxing Luo
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanfei Xin
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhenqiang You
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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213
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Eser Faki H, Tras B, Uney K. Alpha lipoic acid and vitamin E improve atorvastatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in rats. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:83-88. [PMID: 32119925 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and vitamin E (Vit E) on mitochondrial dysfunction caused by statins. A total of 38 Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. The control group received dimethyl sulfoxide. The atorvastatin (A) group received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). The A + ALA group received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) and ALA (100 mg/kg). The A + Vit E group was administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) and Vit E (100 mg/kg). The A + ALA + Vit E group was administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), ALA (100 mg/kg) and Vit E (100 mg/kg). All applications were administered simultaneously by gavage for 20 days. ATP level and complex I activity were measured from liver, muscle, heart, kidney and brain. Atorvastatin significantly decreased the ATP levels in heart and kidney, while a slight decrease was seen in liver, muscle and brain. Atorvastatin caused an insignificant decrease in the complex I activity in all tissues examined. ALA administration significantly improved the ATP levels in the liver, heart and kidney, while Vit E improved the ATP levels in all tissues except the muscle compared to Atorvastatin group. Single administration of both ALA and vit E ameliorated complex I activity in the muscle, heart, kidney and brain. The combination of ALA and Vit E significantly improved the ATP levels in the liver, heart, kidney and brain and also provided significant improvements the complex I activity in all tissues. The undesirable effects of Atorvastatin on mitochondrial functions in this study ameliorated by using ALA and/or Vit E alone and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Eser Faki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42031 Konya, Turkey.
| | - Bunyamin Tras
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42031 Konya, Turkey
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214
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Ziegler V, Deußen M, Schumacher L, Roos WP, Fritz G. Anticancer drug and ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage differently influences transcription activity and DDR-related stress responses of an endothelial monolayer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118678. [PMID: 32061892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium contributes to the pathophysiology of adverse effects caused by conventional (genotoxic) anticancer therapeutics (cAT). The relevance of structurally different types of cAT-induced DNA lesions for eliciting selected endothelial stress responses is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the cAT-induced formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), transcription blockage and DNA damage response (DDR) in time kinetic analyses employing a monolayer of primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC). We observed that the degree of cAT-induced transcription blockage, the number of DSB and activation of DDR-related factors diverge. For instance, ionizing radiation caused the formation of numerous DSB and triggerd a substantial activation of ATM/Chk2 signaling, which however were not accompanied by a significant transcription inhibition. By contrast, the DNA cross-linking cAT cisplatin triggered a rapid and substantial blockage of transcription, which yet was not reflected by an appreciable number of DSB or increased levels of pATM/pChk2. In general, cAT-stimulated ATM-dependent phosphorylation of Kap1 (Ser824) and p53 (Ser15) reflected best cAT-induced transcription blockage. In conclusion, cAT-induced formation of DSB and profound activation of prototypical DDR factors is independent of the inhibition of RNA polymerase II-regulated transcription in an endothelial monolayer. We suggest that DSB formed directly or indirectly following cAT-treatment do not act as comprehensive triggers of superior signaling pathways shutting-down transcription while, at the same time, causing an appreciable stimulation of the DDR. Rather, it appears that distinct cAT-induced DNA lesions elicit diverging signaling pathways, which separately control transcription vs. DDR activity in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Ziegler
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Marco Deußen
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Lena Schumacher
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Wynand P Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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215
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Bioenergetic restoration and neuroprotection after therapeutic targeting of mitoNEET: New mechanism of pioglitazone following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113243. [PMID: 32057797 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal event in many neurodegenerative disease states including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). One possible mechanism driving mitochondrial dysfunction is glutamate excitotoxicity leading to Ca2+-overload in neuronal or glial mitochondria. Therapies that reduce calcium overload and enhance bioenergetics have been shown to improve neurological outcomes. Pioglitazone, an FDA approved compound, has shown neuroprotective properties following TBI and SCI, but the underlying mechanism(s) are unknown. We hypothesized that the interaction between pioglitazone and a novel mitochondrial protein called mitoNEET was the basis for neuroprotection following CNS injury. We discovered that mitoNEET is an important mediator of Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and show that binding mitoNEET with pioglitazone can prevent Ca2+-induced dysfunction. By utilizing wild-type (WT) and mitoNEET null mice, we show that pioglitazone mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction and provides neuroprotection in WT mice, though produces no restorative effects in mitoNEET null mice. We also show that NL-1, a novel mitoNEET ligand, is neuroprotective following TBI in both mice and rats. These results support the crucial role of mitoNEET for mitochondrial bioenergetics, its importance in the neuropathological sequelae of TBI and the necessity of mitoNEET for pioglitazone-mediated neuroprotection. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathobiological complication seen in other diseases such as diabetes, motor neuron disease and cancer, targeting mitoNEET may provide a novel mitoceutical target and therapeutic intervention for diseases that expand beyond TBI.
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216
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Successful energy shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in freshly isolated hepatocytes from humanized mice liver. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104785. [PMID: 31991145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity is a factor of drug-induced liver injury. Previously, we reported an in vitro rat hepatocyte assay where mitochondrial toxicity was more sensitively evaluated, using sugar resource substitution and increased oxygen supply. Although this method could be applicable to human cell-based assay, cryopreserved human hepatocyte (CHH) has some disadvantages/uncertainty, including unstable same donor supply and potential organelle damage due to cryopreservation. Herein, we compared the mitochondrial functions of freshly-isolated hepatocytes from humanized chimeric mice liver (PXB-cells) and three CHH lots to determine the better cell source for mitochondrial toxicity assay. Two CHH lots declined after replacing glucose with galactose. To confirm the shift in energy production from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, lactate and oxygen consumption rate (indicators of glycolytic activity and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, respectively) were measured. In PXB-cells, lactate amount decreased, while oxygen consumption in 100 min increased. These effects were less evident in CHH. The cytotoxicity of the select respiratory chain inhibitors was enhanced in PXB-cells upon sugar replacement, but no change occurred with negative control drugs (bicalutamide and metformin). Altogether, PXB-cells was less vulnerable to sugar resource substitution than CHH. The substitution activated mitochondrial function and enhanced cytotoxicity of respiratory chain inhibitors in PXB-cells.
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217
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Mohammad Khanlou E, Atashbar S, Kahrizi F, Shokouhi Sabet N, Salimi A. Bevacizumab as a monoclonal antibody inhibits mitochondrial complex II in isolated rat heart mitochondria: ameliorative effect of ellagic acid. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:456-463. [PMID: 31973585 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1715423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity usually manifests as heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Left ventricular dysfunction is a rarely reported side effect of bevacizumab (BEV) with an incidence of 1.2%, and this occurs irrespective of the route of administration. In this study, we focused on an analysis of BEV effects on mitochondrial complexes activities and protective effect of ellagic acid (EA) against BEV-induced mitochondria toxicity. Rat heart mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation form wistar rats. Using biochemical and flowcytometry assays we evaluated mitochondrial complexes activity, succinate dehydrogenases (SDH), mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in isolated mitochondria. We observed only decreased activity of complexes II after exposure with BEV (50 and 100 µg/ml). The inhibition of complex II is paralleled by the decreased MMP, mitochondrial swelling, and ROS formation. Also, we showed that EA (10-100 µM) as an antioxidant and natural agent significantly decreases mitochondrial toxicity induced by BEV. Together, for the first time, this preliminary study has demonstrated a significant decrease in activity of complexes II after exposure with BEV and proved the protective effects of EA in alleviating BEV-mediated mitochondria toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mohammad Khanlou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,
| | - Saman Atashbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,
| | - Farzad Kahrizi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damghan Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Nima Shokouhi Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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218
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Riess ML, Elorbany R, Weihrauch D, Stowe DF, Camara AK. PPARγ-Independent Side Effects of Thiazolidinediones on Mitochondrial Redox State in Rat Isolated Hearts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010252. [PMID: 31968546 PMCID: PMC7017211 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on contributing to heart failure and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is controversial. In this study we investigated the effect of select TZDs on myocardial and mitochondrial function in Brown Norway rat isolated hearts. In a first set of experiments, the TZD rosiglitazone was given acutely before global myocardial IR, and pre- and post-IR function and infarct size were assessed. In a second set of experiments, different concentrations of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were administered in the presence or absence of the specific PPARγ antagonist GW9662, and their effects on the mitochondrial redox state were measured by online NADH and FAD autofluorescence. The administration of rosiglitazone did not significantly affect myocardial function except for transiently increasing coronary flow, but it increased IR injury compared to the control hearts. Both TZDs resulted in dose-dependent, reversible increases in mitochondrial oxidation which was not attenuated by GW9662. Taken together, these data suggest that TZDs cause excessive mitochondrial uncoupling by a PPARγ-independent mechanism. Acute rosiglitazone administration before IR was associated with enhanced cardiac injury. If translated clinically, susceptible patients on PPARγ agonists may experience enhanced myocardial IR injury by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias L. Riess
- Anesthesiology, TVHS VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(615)-936-0277; Fax: +1-(615)-343-3916
| | - Reem Elorbany
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Dorothee Weihrauch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (D.W.); (D.F.S.)
| | - David F. Stowe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (D.W.); (D.F.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
| | - Amadou K.S. Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (D.W.); (D.F.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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219
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High resolution respirometry to assess function of mitochondria in native homogenates of human heart muscle. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226142. [PMID: 31940313 PMCID: PMC6961865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired myocardial bioenergetics is a hallmark of many cardiac diseases. There is a need of a simple and reproducible method of assessment of mitochondrial function from small human myocardial tissue samples. In this study we adopted high-resolution respirometry to homogenates of fresh human cardiac muscle and compare it with isolated mitochondria. We used atria resected during cardiac surgery (n = 18) and atria and left ventricles from brain-dead organ donors (n = 12). The protocol we developed consisting of two-step homogenization and exposure of 2.5% homogenate in a respirometer to sequential addition of 2.5 mM malate, 15 mM glutamate, 2.5 mM ADP, 10 μM cytochrome c, 10 mM succinate, 2.5 μM oligomycin, 1.5 μM FCCP, 3.5 μM rotenone, 4 μM antimycin and 1 mM KCN or 100 mM Sodium Azide. We found a linear dependency of oxygen consumption on oxygen concentration. This technique requires < 20 mg of myocardium and the preparation of the sample takes <20 min. Mitochondria in the homogenate, as compared to subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar isolated mitochondria, have comparable or better preserved integrity of outer mitochondrial membrane (increase of respiration after addition of cytochrome c is up to 11.7±1.8% vs. 15.7±3.1%, p˂0.05 and 11.7±3.5%, p = 0.99, resp.) and better efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (Respiratory Control Ratio = 3.65±0.5 vs. 3.04±0.27, p˂0.01 and 2.65±0.17, p˂0.0001, resp.). Results are reproducible with coefficient of variation between two duplicate measurements ≤8% for all indices. We found that whereas atrial myocardium contains less mitochondria than the ventricle, atrial bioenergetic profiles are comparable to left ventricle. In conclusion, high resolution respirometry has been adapted to homogenates of human cardiac muscle and shown to be reliable and reproducible.
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220
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Guan F, Yang X, Li J, Dong W, Zhang X, Liu N, Gao S, Wang J, Zhang L, Lu D. New Molecular Mechanism Underlying Myc-Mediated Cytochrome P450 2E1 Upregulation in Apoptosis and Energy Metabolism in the Myocardium. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e009871. [PMID: 30563421 PMCID: PMC6405704 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Canonical studies indicate that cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays a critical role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and ultimately participates in tissue damage. CYP2E1 upregulates in the pathophysiological development of multiple diseases; however, the mechanism of CYP2E1 upregulation, particularly in heart disease, remains elusive. Methods and Results We found that the level of CYP2E1 increased in heart tissues from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; multiple mouse models of heart diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial ischemia; and HL‐1 myocytes under stress. We determined that Myc bound to the CYP2E1 promoter and activated its transcription by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, and Myc expression was modulated by extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B pathways under stress or injury in myocardium by signal transduction analysis. In addition, the level of oxidative stress and apoptosis gradually worsened with age in transgenic mice overexpressing CYP2E1, which was significantly inhibited with CYP2E1 knockdown. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that CYP2E1 is likely a sensor of diverse pathophysiological factors and states in the myocardium. Upregulated CYP2E1 has multiple pathophysiological roles in the heart, including increased oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as energy supply to meet the energy demand of the heart in certain disease states. Our discovery thus provides a basis for a therapeutic strategy for heart diseases targeting Myc and CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Guan
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Xinlan Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jing Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Wei Dong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Xu Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Ning Liu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Shan Gao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jizheng Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Dan Lu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine NHFPC Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
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221
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Genova E, Cavion F, Lucafò M, Leo LD, Pelin M, Stocco G, Decorti G. Induced pluripotent stem cells for therapy personalization in pediatric patients: Focus on drug-induced adverse events. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1020-1044. [PMID: 31875867 PMCID: PMC6904863 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are major clinical problems, particularly in special populations such as pediatric patients. Indeed, ADRs may be caused by a plethora of different drugs leading, in some cases, to hospitalization, disability or even death. In addition, pediatric patients may respond differently to drugs with respect to adults and may be prone to developing different kinds of ADRs, leading, in some cases, to more severe consequences. To improve the comprehension, and thus the prevention, of ADRs, the set-up of sensitive and personalized assays is urgently needed. Important progress is represented by the possibility of setting up groundbreaking patient-specific assays. This goal has been powerfully achieved using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Due to their genetic and physiological species-specific differences and their ability to be differentiated ideally into all tissues of the human body, this model may be accurate in predicting drug toxicity, especially when this toxicity is related to individual genetic differences. This review is an up-to-date summary of the employment of iPSCs as a model to study ADRs, with particular attention to drugs used in the pediatric field. We especially focused on the intestinal, hepatic, pancreatic, renal, cardiac, and neuronal levels, also discussing progress in organoids creation. The latter are three-dimensional in vitro culture systems derived from pluripotent or adult stem cells simulating the architecture and functionality of native organs such as the intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, and brain. Based on the existing knowledge, these models are powerful and promising tools in multiple clinical applications including toxicity screening, disease modeling, personalized and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Genova
- PhD School in Reproduction and Development Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Federica Cavion
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Luigina De Leo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
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222
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Singh MV, Kotla S, Le NT, Ae Ko K, Heo KS, Wang Y, Fujii Y, Thi Vu H, McBeath E, Thomas TN, Jin Gi Y, Tao Y, Medina JL, Taunton J, Carson N, Dogra V, Doyley MM, Tyrell A, Lu W, Qiu X, Stirpe NE, Gates KJ, Hurley C, Fujiwara K, Maggirwar SB, Schifitto G, Abe JI. Senescent Phenotype Induced by p90RSK-NRF2 Signaling Sensitizes Monocytes and Macrophages to Oxidative Stress in HIV-Positive Individuals. Circulation 2019; 139:1199-1216. [PMID: 30586719 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cardiovascular disease is higher in HIV-positive (HIV+) patients than it is in the average population, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that link cART and cardiovascular disease are currently unknown. Our study explores the role of the activation of p90RSK, a reactive oxygen species-sensitive kinase, in engendering senescent phenotype in macrophages and accelerating atherogenesis in patients undergoing cART. METHODS Peripheral whole blood from cART-treated HIV+ individuals and nontreated HIV-negative individuals was treated with H2O2 (200 µmol/L) for 4 minutes, and p90RSK activity in CD14+ monocytes was measured. Plaque formation in the carotids was also analyzed in these individuals. Macrophage senescence was determined by evaluating their efferocytotic ability, antioxidation-related molecule expression, telomere length, and inflammatory gene expression. The involvement of p90RSK-NRF2 signaling in cART-induced senescence was assessed by p90RSK-specific inhibitor (FMK-MEA) or dominant-negative p90RSK (DN-p90RSK) and NRF2 activator (NRF2A). Further, the severity of atherosclerosis was determined in myeloid cell-specific wild-type and DN-p90RSK transgenic mice. RESULTS Monocytes from HIV+ patients exhibited higher levels of p90RSK activity and were also more sensitive to reactive oxygen species than monocytes from HIV-negative individuals. A multiple linear regression analysis involving cART, Reynolds cardiovascular risk score, and basal p90RSK activity revealed that cART and basal p90RSK activity were the 2 significant determinants of plaque formation. Many of the antiretroviral drugs individually activated p90RSK, which simultaneously triggered all components of the macrophage senescent phenotype. cART inhibited antioxidant response element reporter activity via ERK5 S496 phosphorylation. NRF2A reversed the H2O2-induced overactivation of p90RSK in cART-treated macrophages by countering the induction of senescent phenotype. Last, the data obtained from our gain- or loss-of-function mice conclusively showed the crucial role of p90RSK in inducing senescent phenotype in macrophages and atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS cART increased monocyte/macrophage sensitivity to reactive oxygen species- in HIV+ individuals by suppressing NRF2-ARE activity via p90RSK-mediated ERK5 S496 phosphorylation, which coordinately elicited senescent phenotypes and proinflammatory responses. As such, our report underscores the importance of p90RSK regulation in monocytes/macrophages as a viable biomarker and therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular disease, especially in HIV+ patients treated with cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera V Singh
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (N.-T.L.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX.,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (K.-S.H.)
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Yuka Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Hang Thi Vu
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Elena McBeath
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Tamlyn N Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Yunting Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Jan L Medina
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco (J.T.)
| | - Nancy Carson
- Imaging Sciences (N.C., V.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Vikram Dogra
- Imaging Sciences (N.C., V.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Marvin M Doyley
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (M.M.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Alicia Tyrell
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Wang Lu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Xing Qiu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Nicole E Stirpe
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Kathleen J Gates
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Christine Hurley
- Medicine, Infectious Disease (C.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
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Yang Y, Li N, Chen T, Zhang C, Liu L, Qi Y, Bu P. Trimetazidine ameliorates sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity in mice via the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:625-631. [PMID: 31545912 PMCID: PMC6764339 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1657905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Context: Sunitinib (SU) is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer agent whose clinical use is often limited by cardiovascular complications. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-angina agent that has been demonstrated cardioprotective effects in numerous cardiovascular conditions, but its potential effects in SU-induced cardiotoxicity have not been investigated. Objective: This study investigates the effect of TMZ in sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro and molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods: Male 129S1/SvImJ mice were treated with vehicle, SU (40 mg/kg/d) or SU and TMZ (20 mg/kg/d) via oral gavage for 28 days, and cardiovascular functions and cardiac protein expressions were examined. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with vehicle, SU (2-10 μM) or SU and TMZ (40-120 μM) for 48 h, and cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, and protein expression was tested. Results: SU induces hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] + 28.33 ± 5.00 mmHg) and left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] - 11.16 ± 2.53%) in mice. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes, SU reduces cell viability (IC50 4.07 μM) and inhibits the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway (p < 0.05). TMZ co-administration with SU reverses SU-induced cardiotoxicity in mice (SBP - 23.75 ± 4.69 mmHg, LVEF + 10.95 ± 3.317%), alleviates cell viability loss in H9c2 cardiomyocytes (p < 0.01) and activates the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway in vivo (p < 0.001) and in vitro (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusions: Our results suggest TMZ as a potential cardioprotective approach for cardiovascular complications during SU regimen, and potentially for cardiotoxicity of other anticancer chemotherapies associated with cardiomyocyte autophagic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tongshuai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Bu
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- CONTACT Peili Bu Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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224
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Tong D, Zaha VG. Metabolic Imaging in Cardio-oncology. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 13:357-366. [PMID: 31696405 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in cancer detection and therapy has improved survival. However, cardiovascular complications are a major source of morbidity in cancer survivors. Cardiotoxicity is currently defined by structural myocardial changes and cardiac injury biomarkers. In many instances, such changes are late and irreversible. Therefore, diagnostic modalities that can identify early alterations in potentially reversible biochemical and molecular signaling processes are of interest. This review is focused on emerging translational metabolic imaging modalities. We present in context relevant mitochondrial biology aspects that ground the development and application of these technologies for detection of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). The application of these modalities may improve the assessment of cardiovascular risk when anticancer treatments with a defined cardiometabolic toxic mechanism are to be used. Also, they may serve as screening tools for cardiotoxicity when novel lines of cancer therapies are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vlad G Zaha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA. .,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
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225
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Elmadani M, Khan S, Tenhunen O, Magga J, Aittokallio T, Wennerberg K, Kerkelä R. Novel Screening Method Identifies PI3Kα, mTOR, and IGF1R as Key Kinases Regulating Cardiomyocyte Survival. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013018. [PMID: 31617439 PMCID: PMC6898841 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Small molecule kinase inhibitors (KIs) are a class of agents currently used for treatment of various cancers. Unfortunately, treatment of cancer patients with some of the KIs is associated with cardiotoxicity, and there is an unmet need for methods to predict their cardiotoxicity. Here, we utilized a novel computational method to identify protein kinases crucial for cardiomyocyte viability. Methods and Results One hundred forty KIs were screened for their toxicity in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. The kinase targets of KIs were determined based on integrated data from binding assays. The key kinases mediating the toxicity of KIs to cardiomyocytes were identified by using a novel machine learning method for target deconvolution that combines the information from the toxicity screen and from the kinase profiling assays. The top kinases identified by the model were phosphoinositide 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha, mammalian target of rapamycin, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor. Knockdown of the individual kinases in cardiomyocytes confirmed their role in regulating cardiomyocyte viability. Conclusions Combining the data from analysis of KI toxicity on cardiomyocytes and KI target profiling provides a novel method to predict cardiomyocyte toxicity of KIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Elmadani
- Research Unit of Biomedicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Oulu Finland
| | - Suleiman Khan
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Olli Tenhunen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy Oulu University Hospital University of Oulu Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Oulu Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Oulu Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Finland
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226
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Carrier M, Giraldeau, G, Parent MC, Ducharme A. Association of recreational drug consumption, cardiac toxicity and heart transplantation. Can J Surg 2019; 62:356-357. [PMID: 31550103 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.011018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary Cardiac toxicity from recreational drug use remains difficult to establish. We report the cases of 3 young patients who were hospitalized for cardiogenic shock. All were bridged to transplantation with implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). They underwent uneventful heart transplantation. The patients did not have any significant personal or family medical history, but all admitted consuming large quantities of recreational drugs daily. Histological examination of the native heart did not show any inflammation or infiltrative myocardial disease. In this series of young patients presenting in cardiogenic shock with minimal histologic findings on examination of the native hearts, the association between cardiac toxicity and active use of recreational drugs remains a strong possibility. The transplant community should be made aware of this possible association in the current era of legalization and social trivialization of drug consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Carrier
- From the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que. (Carrier); and the Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que. (Giraldeau, Parent, Ducharme)
| | - Geneviève Giraldeau,
- From the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que. (Carrier); and the Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que. (Giraldeau, Parent, Ducharme)
| | - Marie-Claude Parent
- From the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que. (Carrier); and the Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que. (Giraldeau, Parent, Ducharme)
| | - Anique Ducharme
- From the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que. (Carrier); and the Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que. (Giraldeau, Parent, Ducharme)
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227
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 and Heart Failure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:89-106. [PMID: 31368099 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a structural or functional cardiac abnormal syndrome characterized with series of symptoms and signs such as breathlessness, fatigue, pulmonary crackles, and peripheral edema. Being a terminal phase of most myocardial lesions, HF has become a leading cause of mobility and mortality worldwide, associated with heavy clinical burden and economic costs affecting over 23 million people [14]. There is an increase to 5.5% with systolic dysfunction and an increase to 36.0% with diastolic dysfunction in people 60 years or older [85]. The costs accompanied with heart failure stand 2-3% of the total healthcare system expenditure in high-income countries and are expected to increase >2-fold in the next 2 decades [34].
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228
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Xing JJ, Hou JG, Liu Y, Zhang RB, Jiang S, Ren S, Wang YP, Shen Q, Li W, Li XD, Wang Z. Supplementation of Saponins from Leaves of Panax quinquefolius Mitigates Cisplatin-Evoked Cardiotoxicity via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Associated Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090347. [PMID: 31480577 PMCID: PMC6769973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although kidney injury caused by cisplatin has attracted much attention, cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity is elusive. Our previous studies have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) from Panax quinquefolius can effectively reduce acute renal injuries. Our current study aimed to identify the potential effects of saponins from leaves of P. quinquefolius (PQS) on cisplatin-evoked cardiotoxicity. Methods: Mice were intragastrically with PQS at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg daily for 15 days. The mice in cisplatin group and PQS + cisplatin groups received four times intraperitoneal injections of cisplatin (3 mg/kg) two days at a time from the 7th day, respectively. All mice were killed at 48 h following final cisplatin injection. Body weights, blood and organic samples were collected immediately. Results: Our results showed that cisplatin-challenged mice experienced a remarkable cardiac damage with obvious histopathological changes and elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations and viabilities in serum. Cisplatin also impaired antioxidative defense system in heart tissues manifested by a remarkable reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, demonstrating the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Interestingly, PQS (125 and 250 mg/kg) can attenuate cisplatin-evoked changes in the above-mentioned parameters. Additionally, PQS administration significantly alleviated the oxidation resulted from inflammatory responses and apoptosis in cardiac tissues via inhibition of overexpressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and Bad as well as the caspase family members like caspase-3, and 8, respectively. Conclusion: Findings from our present research clearly indicated that PQS exerted significant effects on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in part by inhibition of the NF-κB activity and regulation of PI3K/Akt/apoptosis mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Xing
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 446-701, Korea
| | - Ruo-Bing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiong Shen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin-Dian Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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229
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Bouitbir J, Alshaikhali A, Panajatovic MV, Abegg VF, Paech F, Krähenbühl S. Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a critical role in the cardiotoxicity of sunitinib: Running title: Sunitinib and oxidative stress in hearts. Toxicology 2019; 426:152281. [PMID: 31445075 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib is cardiotoxic, but the mechanisms are not entirely clear. We aimed to enlarge our knowledge about the role of mitochondria in cardiac toxicity of sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. For this reason, we studied the toxicity of sunitinib on cardiac H9c2 cells exposed for 24 h, permeabilized rat cardiac fibers exposed for 15 min and in mice treated orally with sunitinib for 2 weeks (7.5 mg/kg/day). In H9c2 cells exposed for 24 h, sunitinib was more cytotoxic under galactose (favoring mitochondrial metabolism) compared to glucose conditions (favoring glycolysis). Sunitinib dissipated the mitochondrial membrane potential starting at 10 μM under glucose and at 5 μM under galactose conditions. Sunitinib reduced activities of mitochondrial enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC), increased mitochondrial ROS accumulation and decreased the cellular GSH pool. Electron microscopy revealed swollen mitochondria with loss of cristae. Accordingly, sunitinib caused caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation in H9c2 cells. Co-exposure with mito-TEMPO (mitochondrial-specific ROS scavenger) for 24 h prevented ATP and GSH depletion, as well as the increases in H2O2 and caspase 3/7 activity observed with sunitinib. In mice, treatment with sunitinib for two weeks increased plasma concentrations of troponin I and creatine kinase MB, indicating cardiomyocyte damage. The activity of enzyme complexes of the ETCwas decreased, mitochondrial ROS were increased and cleavage of caspase 3 was increased, suggesting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, mitochondrial damage with ROS accumulation appears to be an important mechanism of cardiotoxicity associated with sunitinib, eventually leading to apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Abdallah Alshaikhali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miljenko V Panajatovic
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa F Abegg
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Paech
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
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230
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Garten A, Grohmann T, Kluckova K, Lavery GG, Kiess W, Penke M. Sorafenib-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Reversed by SIRT1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164048. [PMID: 31430957 PMCID: PMC6719220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor and one of the few systemic treatment options for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Resistance to sorafenib develops frequently and could be mediated by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT)1. We aimed to test whether sorafenib efficacy is influenced by cellular NAD levels and NAD-dependent SIRT1 function. We analyzed sorafenib effects on apoptosis induction, NAD salvage, mitochondrial function, and related signaling pathways in HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, und HUH7) overexpressing SIRT1 or supplemented with the NAD metabolite nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) compared to controls. Treatment of HCC cell lines with sorafenib dose-dependently induced apoptosis and a significant decrease in cellular NAD concentrations. The SIRT1 protein was downregulated in HUH7 cells but not in Hep3B cells. After sorafenib treatment, mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cells was lower, citrate synthase activity was attenuated, and cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were decreased. Concomitant to increased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sorafenib treatment led to decreased activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), indicative of energy deprivation. Transient overexpression of SIRT1, as well as NAD repletion by NMN, decreased sorafenib-induced apoptosis. We can, therefore, conclude that sorafenib influences the NAD/SIRT1/AMPK axis. Overexpression of SIRT1 could be an underlying mechanism of resistance to sorafenib treatment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Garten
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Theresa Grohmann
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Penke
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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231
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Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Injury in Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163975. [PMID: 31443288 PMCID: PMC6720512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung tissues are frequently exposed to a hyperoxia environment, which leads to oxidative stress injuries. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is widely implicated in physiological and pathological processes and its antioxidant effect has attracted much attention. Therefore, in this study, we used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidative damage model to investigate the protective mechanism of H2S in lung injury. Cell death induced by H2O2 treatment could be significantly attenuated by the pre-treatment of H2S, resulting in a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the inhibition of caspase-3 activity in human lung epithelial cell line A549 cells. Additionally, the results showed that H2S decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as neutralized the damaging effects of H2O2 in mitochondria energy-producing and cell metabolism. Pre-treatment of H2S also decreased H2O2-induced suppression of endogenous H2S production enzymes, cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercapto-pyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). Furthermore, the administration of H2S attenuated [Ca2+] overload and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Therefore, H2S might be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing ROS and ER stress-associated apoptosis against H2O2-induced lung injury.
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232
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Guth BD, Engwall M, Eldridge S, Foley CM, Guo L, Gintant G, Koerner J, Parish ST, Pierson JB, Ribeiro AJS, Zabka T, Chaudhary KW, Kanda Y, Berridge B. Considerations for an In Vitro, Cell-Based Testing Platform for Detection of Adverse Drug-Induced Inotropic Effects in Early Drug Development. Part 1: General Considerations for Development of Novel Testing Platforms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31447679 PMCID: PMC6697071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced effects on cardiac contractility can be assessed through the measurement of the maximal rate of pressure increase in the left ventricle (LVdP/dtmax) in conscious animals, and such studies are often conducted at the late stage of preclinical drug development. Detection of such effects earlier in drug research using simpler, in vitro test systems would be a valuable addition to our strategies for identifying the best possible drug development candidates. Thus, testing platforms with reasonably high throughput, and affordable costs would be helpful for early screening purposes. There may also be utility for testing platforms that provide mechanistic information about how a given drug affects cardiac contractility. Finally, there could be in vitro testing platforms that could ultimately contribute to the regulatory safety package of a new drug. The characteristics needed for a successful cell or tissue-based testing platform for cardiac contractility will be dictated by its intended use. In this article, general considerations are presented with the intent of guiding the development of new testing platforms that will find utility in drug research and development. In the following article (part 2), specific aspects of using human-induced stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for this purpose are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,PreClinical Drug Development Platform (PCDDP), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Michael Engwall
- Safety Pharmacology and Animal Research Center, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Sandy Eldridge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - C Michael Foley
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liang Guo
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Gary Gintant
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John Koerner
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Stanley T Parish
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer B Pierson
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Tanja Zabka
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Khuram W Chaudhary
- Global Safety Pharmacology, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Brian Berridge
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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The microRNA in ventricular remodeling: the miR-30 family. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190788. [PMID: 31320543 PMCID: PMC6680373 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling (VR) is a complex pathological process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis, which is often caused by various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure (HF), etc. It is also an independent risk factor for a variety of CVDs, which will eventually to damage the heart function, promote cardiovascular events, and lead to an increase in mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in a variety of CVDs through post-transcriptional regulation of target gene proteins. Among them, microRNA-30 (miR-30) is one of the most abundant miRNAs in the heart. In recent years, the study found that the miR-30 family can participate in VR through a variety of mechanisms, including autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. VR is commonly found in ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), antineoplastic drug cardiotoxicity (CTX), and other CVDs. Therefore, we will review the relevant mechanisms of the miR-30 in VR induced by various diseases.
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234
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Li H, Zhao F, Cao F, Teng M, Yang Y, Qiu L. Mitochondrial dysfunction-based cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by pyraclostrobin in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:203-211. [PMID: 31078959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin is widely used to control crop diseases, and was reported to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms. The molecular target of pyraclostrobin to fungus is the mitochondrion, but its effect on mitochondria of aquatic organisms has rarely been investigated. In this study, zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to a range of pyraclostrobin for 96 h to assess its acute toxicity and effects on mitochondria. Pyraclostrobin at 36 μg/L or higher concentrations caused significant influences on larval heart and brain including pericardial edema, brain damage malformations, histological and mitochondrial structural damage of the two organs. The results of RNA-Seq revealed that the transcripts of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac muscle contraction, mitochondrion, nervous system development and glutamate receptor activity were significantly influenced by 36 μg/L pyraclostrobin. Further tests showed that pyraclostrobin at 18 and 36 μg/L reduced the concentrations of proteins related to cardiac muscle contraction, impaired cardiac function, inhibited glutamate receptors activities and suppressed locomotor behavior of zebrafish larvae. Negative changes in mitochondrial complex activities, as well as reduced ATP content were also observed in larvae treated with 18 and 36 μg/L pyraclostrobin. These results suggested that pyraclostrobin exposure caused cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae and mitochondrial dysfunction might be the underlying mechanism of pyraclostrobin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangjie Cao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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235
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La Ferla M, Lessi F, Aretini P, Pellegrini D, Franceschi S, Tantillo E, Menicagli M, Marchetti I, Scopelliti C, Civita P, De Angelis C, Diodati L, Bertolini I, Roncella M, McDonnell LA, Hochman J, Del Re M, Scatena C, Naccarato AG, Fontana A, Mazzanti CM. ANKRD44 Gene Silencing: A Putative Role in Trastuzumab Resistance in Her2-Like Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:547. [PMID: 31297336 PMCID: PMC6607964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is an effective therapeutic treatment for Her2-like breast cancer; despite this most of these tumors develop resistance to therapy due to specific gene mutations or alterations in gene expression. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to Trastuzumab could be a useful tool in order to identify combinations of drugs that elude resistance and allow a better response for the treated patients. Twelve primary biopsies of Her2+/hormone receptor negative (ER-/PgR-) breast cancer patients were selected based on the specific response to neoadjuvant therapy with Trastuzumab and their whole exome was sequenced leading to the identification of 18 informative gene mutations that discriminate patients selectively based on response to treatment. Among these genes, we focused on the study of the ANKRD44 gene to understand its role in the mechanism of resistance to Trastuzumab. The ANKRD44 gene was silenced in Her2-like breast cancer cell line (BT474), obtaining a partially Trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell line that constitutively activates the NF-kb protein via the TAK1/AKT pathway. Following this activation an increase in the level of glycolysis in resistant cells is promoted, also confirmed by the up-regulation of the LDHB protein and by an increased TROP2 protein expression, found generally associated with aggressive tumors. These results allow us to consider the ANKRD44 gene as a potential gene involved in Trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Ferla
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza - Genomic Section, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Lessi
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza - Genomic Section, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Aretini
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza - Genomic Section, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Pellegrini
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza - Proteomic Section, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschi
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza - Genomic Section, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Tantillo
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza - Genomic Section, Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ivo Marchetti
- Cytopathology Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Prospero Civita
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza - Genomic Section, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia De Angelis
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Diodati
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bertolini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Roncella
- Breast Cancer Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza - Proteomic Section, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacob Hochman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio G Naccarato
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
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236
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Tocchetti CG, Cadeddu C, Di Lisi D, Femminò S, Madonna R, Mele D, Monte I, Novo G, Penna C, Pepe A, Spallarossa P, Varricchi G, Zito C, Pagliaro P, Mercuro G. From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Management of Antineoplastic Drug-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity: A Translational Overview. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:2110-2153. [PMID: 28398124 PMCID: PMC6529857 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Antineoplastic therapies have significantly improved the prognosis of oncology patients. However, these treatments can bring to a higher incidence of side-effects, including the worrying cardiovascular toxicity (CTX). Recent Advances: Substantial evidence indicates multiple mechanisms of CTX, with redox mechanisms playing a key role. Recent data singled out mitochondria as key targets for antineoplastic drug-induced CTX; understanding the underlying mechanisms is, therefore, crucial for effective cardioprotection, without compromising the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. Critical Issues: CTX can occur within a few days or many years after treatment. Type I CTX is associated with irreversible cardiac cell injury, and it is typically caused by anthracyclines and traditional chemotherapeutics. Type II CTX is generally caused by novel biologics and more targeted drugs, and it is associated with reversible myocardial dysfunction. Therefore, patients undergoing anti-cancer treatments should be closely monitored, and patients at risk of CTX should be identified before beginning treatment to reduce CTX-related morbidity. Future Directions: Genetic profiling of clinical risk factors and an integrated approach using molecular, imaging, and clinical data may allow the recognition of patients who are at a high risk of developing chemotherapy-related CTX, and it may suggest methodologies to limit damage in a wider range of patients. The involvement of redox mechanisms in cancer biology and anticancer treatments is a very active field of research. Further investigations will be necessary to uncover the hallmarks of cancer from a redox perspective and to develop more efficacious antineoplastic therapies that also spare the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Cadeddu
- 2 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Lisi
- 3 Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- 5 Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,6 Department of Internal Medicine, The Texas Heart Institute and Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Donato Mele
- 7 Cardiology Unit, Emergency Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines Monte
- 8 Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialities, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- 3 Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Pepe
- 9 U.O.C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio C.N.R., Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Spallarossa
- 10 Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS San Martino IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- 1 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,11 Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) - Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Zito
- 12 Division of Cardiology, Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Policlinico "G. Martino" University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- 2 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper will focus on novel breast cancer therapies used in clinical practice today, as well as review our understanding of standard therapies and their potential impact on cardiovascular health. RECENT FINDINGS Established and novel treatments such as anthracyclines, HER2-targeted agents, and immunotherapy have contributed to improvements in breast cancer outcomes; however, these treatments may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular injury. The number of available breast cancer treatments continues to expand, as does the need for health care providers to understand the potential impact of these treatments on cardiovascular health. Collaborative approaches in the development of risk stratification, prevention, and surveillance strategies for patients exposed to established and novel breast cancer treatments will facilitate improvements in patient outcomes without compromising their cardiovascular health.
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238
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Jyoti S, Tandon S. Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential coupled with alterations in cardiac biomarker expression as early cardiotoxic signatures in human ES cell-derived cardiac cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1111-1124. [PMID: 31179749 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119855132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the most significant reasons of attrition in drug development. The present study assessed the sensitivity of various endpoints for early monitoring of drug-induced cardiotoxicity using human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac cells, including precursors as well as mature cardiomyocytes, by correlating changes in cardiac biomarker expression. Directed differentiation was induced and cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) population were treated with cardiotoxic drugs, namely, doxorubicin (Dox) and paclitaxel (Pac), and with noncardiotoxic drug, namely penicillin G. To assess cardiac-specific toxicity, the changes in the expression of key markers of cardiac lineage, such as Nkx2.5, Tbx5, α-myosin heavy chain α-MHC, and cardiac troponin T, were studied using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry (FC). The half-maximal inhibition in the expression of these cardiac markers was analyzed from the dose-response curves. We also assessed the half-maximal inhibition (IC50) in cardiac cells using propidium iodide dye (IC50 PI) and by measuring disruption in the mitochondrial membrane potential (IC50 MMP). We observed that the most sensitive marker was α-MHC in the case of both Dox and Pac, and the order of sensitivity of the various prediction assays was MMP > protein expression by FC > gene expression by qRT-PCR > cell viability by PI staining. The results could enrich the screening of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and propose disruption in MMP along with downregulation of α-MHC protein as a potential biomarker of predicting cardiotoxicity earlier during drug safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saras Jyoti
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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239
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Synthesis of Isosteviol analogues as potential protective agents against Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in zebrafish embryos. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1705-1709. [PMID: 31129053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anthracycline antibiotic agent which is widely used to treat various types of cancers. Despite efficacy, it displays severe cardiotoxic side effects. Discovery of novel and effective protective agents against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been a subject of great interest. Herein, we report the synthesis of two series of analogues of Isosteviol (ISV) 1 with modifications at C-16, C-19 positions as the first series and at C-15, C-16 positions as the other series. Interestingly second series analogues have shown a potential protective effect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos in vivo. Further, we have demonstrated that the synthesized new analogues of ISV, prevented the morphological distortions caused due to DOX cardiotoxicity in zebrafish heart and the associated cardiac impairments.
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240
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Ibrahim MA, Bakhaat GA, Tammam HG, Mohamed RM, El-Naggar SA. Cardioprotective effect of green tea extract and vitamin E on Cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice: Toxicological, histological and immunohistochemical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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241
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Cardiovascular effects of alcohol: A double-edged sword / how to remain at the nadir point of the J-Curve? Alcohol 2019; 76:117-129. [PMID: 30735906 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to its established harmful effects on the liver and other organs, heavy alcohol use confers deleterious effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system, as well. However, data have emerged that light/moderate alcohol consumption (1 drink/day for women and 1-2 drinks/day for men) may be protective against CV disease. OBJECTIVE/METHODS English articles regarding the CV effects of alcohol/ethanol were reviewed by search in Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. RESULTS A J-shaped curve has been proposed to illustrate a differential effect of alcohol on the CV system with the lowest point on the curve (light/moderate drinking) corresponding to optimal exposure to alcohol, which may confer cardioprotection, the rather neutral effect of non-drinking, and the highest risk of heavy and/or binge drinking reflecting the consequence of harmful exposure. However, staying at the nadir of this J-shaped curve appears difficult. Furthermore, concern and distrust have also been raised about the quality of evidence for such "cardioprotection", emphasizing the need for further randomized controlled trials. Another concern relates to the risk of moderate drinking leading to problem drinking, since alcohol is the most common addictive substance. CONCLUSION Optimal exposure to alcohol (light/moderate use) means that one needs to stay at the nadir of the J-shaped curve for alcohol use to avail oneself of possible cardioprotection, and this may not be an easy thing to accomplish and/or adhere to, especially if one "likes" alcohol drinking. However, the evidence of "cardioprotection" conferred by alcohol has also been refuted, due to lack of randomized controlled trials.
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242
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Hanousková B, Skála M, Brynychová V, Zárybnický T, Skarková V, Kazimírová P, Vernerová A, Souček P, Skálová L, Pudil R, Matoušková P. Imatinib-induced changes in the expression profile of microRNA in the plasma and heart of mice-A comparison with doxorubicin. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108883. [PMID: 31004989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a serious adverse reaction to cancer chemotherapy and may lead to critical heart damage. Imatinib mesylate (IMB), a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is sometimes accompanied by severe cardiovascular complications. To minimize risk, early biomarkers of such complications are of utmost importance. At the present time, microRNAs (miRNAs) are intensively studied as potential biomarkers of many pathological processes. Many miRNAs appear to be specific in some tissues, including the heart. In the present study we have explored the potential of specific miRNAs to be early markers of IMB-induced cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline with well-known cardiotoxicity, was used for comparison. NMRI mice were treated with IMB or DOX for nine days in doses corresponding to the highest recommended doses in oncological patients, following which plasmatic levels of miRNAs were analyzed in miRNA microarrays and selected cardio-specific miRNAs were quantified using qPCR. The plasmatic level of miR-1a, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-339, miR-7058, miR-6236 and miR-6240 were the most different between the IMB-treated and control mice. Interestingly, most of the miRNAs affected by DOX were also affected by IMB showing the same trends. Concerning selected microRNAs in the hearts of individual mice, only miR-34a was significantly increased after DOX treatment, and only miR-205 was significantly decreased after IMB and DOX treatment. However, no changes in any miRNA expression correlated with the level of troponin T, a classical marker of heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Hanousková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Skála
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Pulmology, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brynychová
- The National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Praha 10, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zárybnický
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skarková
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kazimírová
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vernerová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Souček
- The National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Praha 10, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pudil
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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243
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Karkhanis A, Leow JWH, Hagen T, Chan ECY. Dronedarone-Induced Cardiac Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Mitigation by Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids. Toxicol Sci 2019; 163:79-91. [PMID: 29385569 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dronedarone and amiodarone are structurally similar antiarrhythmic drugs. Dronedarone worsens cardiac adverse effects with unknown causes while amiodarone has no cardiac adversity. Dronedarone induces preclinical mitochondrial toxicity in rat liver and exhibits clinical hepatotoxicity. Here, we further investigated the relative potential of the antiarrhythmic drugs in causing mitochondrial injury in cardiomyocytes. Differentiated rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with dronedarone, amiodarone, and their respective metabolites namely N-desbutyldronedarone (NDBD) and N-desethylamiodarone (NDEA). Intracellular ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) activity and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism were measured in H9c2 cells. Inhibition of electron transport chain (ETC) activities and uncoupling of ETC were further studied in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Dronedarone, amiodarone, NDBD and NDEA decreased intracellular ATP content significantly (IC50 = 0.49, 1.84, 1.07, and 0.63 µM, respectively) and dissipated Δψm potently (IC50 = 0.5, 2.94, 12.8, and 7.38 µM, respectively). Dronedarone, NDBD, and NDEA weakly inhibited CPT1 activity while amiodarone (IC50 > 100 µM) yielded negligible inhibition. Only dronedarone inhibited AA metabolism to its regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) consistently and potently. NADH-supplemented ETC activity was inhibited by dronedarone, amiodarone, NDBD and NDEA (IC50 = 3.07, 5.24, 11.94, and 16.16 µM, respectively). Cytotoxicity, ATP decrease and Δψm disruption were ameliorated via exogenous pre-treatment of H9c2 cells with 11, 12-EET and 14, 15-EET. Our study confirmed that dronedarone causes mitochondrial injury in cardiomyocytes by perturbing Δψm, inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, uncoupling ETC and dysregulating AA-EET metabolism. We postulate that cardiac mitochondrial injury is one potential contributing factor to dronedarone-induced cardiac failure exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Karkhanis
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Thilo Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609
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244
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Qasim M, Haq F, Kang MH, Kim JH. 3D printing approaches for cardiac tissue engineering and role of immune modulation in tissue regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1311-1333. [PMID: 30863063 PMCID: PMC6388753 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional tissue engineering, cell therapy, and current medical approaches were shown to be successful in reducing mortality rate and complications caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). But still they have many limitations to fully manage CVDs due to complex composition of native myocardium and microvascularization. Fabrication of fully functional construct to replace infarcted area or regeneration of progenitor cells is important to address CVDs burden. Three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds and 3D bioprinting technique have potential to develop fully functional heart construct that can integrate with native tissues rapidly. In this review, we presented an overview of 3D printed approaches for cardiac tissue engineering, and advances in 3D bioprinting of cardiac construct and models. We also discussed role of immune modulation to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
| | - Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, Comsats University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
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245
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Chen X, Peng X, Luo Y, You J, Yin D, Xu Q, He H, He M. Quercetin protects cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced toxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function via 14-3-3γ. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:344-354. [PMID: 30636491 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1564948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity limits the clinical applications of doxorubicin (Dox), which mechanism might be excess generation of intracellular ROS. Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid that possesses anti-oxidative activities, exerts myocardial protection. We hypothesized that the cardioprotection against Dox injury of Que involved 14-3-3γ, and mitochondria. To investigate the hypothesis, we treated primary cardiomyocytes with Dox and determined the effects of Que pretreatment with or without 14-3-3γ knockdown. We analyzed various cellular and molecular indexes. Our data showed that Que attenuated Dox-induced toxicity in cardiomyocytes by upregulating 14-3-3γ expression. Que pretreatment increased cell viability, SOD, catalase, and GPx activities, GSH levels, MMP and the GSH/GSSG ratio; decreased LDH and caspase-3 activities, MDA and ROS levels, mPTP opening and the percentage of apoptotic cells. However, Que's cardioprotection were attenuated by knocking down 14-3-3γ expression using pAD/14-3-3γ-shRNA. In conclusion, Que protects cardiomyocytes against Dox injury by suppressing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function via 14-3-3γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanying Chen
- a Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- b Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Yong Luo
- c Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health , Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Nanchang , China
| | - Jiegen You
- d Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Dong Yin
- e Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine , The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Qiang Xu
- f Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Jiangxi Province Tumor Hospital , Nanchang , China
| | - Huan He
- g Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology , Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science , Nanchang , China
| | - Ming He
- b Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
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246
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Ahmed SS, Whritenour J, Ahmed MM, Bibby L, Darby L, Wang XN, Watson J, Dickinson AM. Evaluation of a human in vitro skin test for predicting drug hypersensitivity reactions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 369:39-48. [PMID: 30768973 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) following administration of low molecular weight (LMW) drugs is an important health concern. However, in vivo animal models which could be used as tools for the prediction of DHRs are lacking. As a result, research has focused on development of in vitro tools for predicting DHRs. In this study a novel human in vitro pre-clinical skin explant test was used to predict T cell-mediated hypersensitivity responses induced by LMW drugs. Responses in the skin explant test for 12 LMW drugs associated with T cell-mediated hypersensitivity in the clinic (abacavir, amoxicillin, carbamazepine, diclofenac, lamotrigine, lapatinib, lumiracoxib, nevirapine, ofloxacin, phenytoin, propranolol, sulfamethoxazole) were compared with responses for 5 drugs with few/no reports of T cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (acetaminophen, cimetidine, flecainide, metformin, verapamil). Changes in skin histology following in vitro exposure to the drugs as well as T cell proliferation and interferon gamma (IFNγ) production were studied. The results of the skin explant assays showed a good positive correlation (r = 0.77, p < .001) between the test outcome (prediction of positive or negative) and the clinical classification of the tested drugs. The T cell proliferation assay showed a correlation of r = 0.60 (p < .01) and the IFNγ assay r = 0.51 (p < .04). The data suggest that the skin explant model could be a useful tool to predict the potential of LMW drugs to induce DHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ahmed
- Alcyomics Ltd, Bulman House, Regent Centre, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE3 3LS, United Kingdom
| | - J Whritenour
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - M M Ahmed
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - L Bibby
- Alcyomics Ltd, Bulman House, Regent Centre, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE3 3LS, United Kingdom; Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - L Darby
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - X N Wang
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - J Watson
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - A M Dickinson
- Alcyomics Ltd, Bulman House, Regent Centre, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE3 3LS, United Kingdom; Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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247
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Wilson CD, Tai S, Ewing L, Crane J, Lockhart T, Fujiwara R, Radominska-Pandya A, Fantegrossi WE. Convulsant Effects of Abused Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-018 and 5F-AB-PINACA Are Mediated by Agonist Actions at CB1 Receptors in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 368:146-156. [PMID: 30420360 PMCID: PMC6323622 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Convulsant effects of abused synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) drugs have been reported in humans and laboratory animals, but the mechanism of these effects is not known. We compared convulsant effects of partial CB1R agonist ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), full CB1R agonist SCBs JWH-018 and 5F-AB-PINACA, and classic chemical convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) using an observational rating scale in mice. THC did not elicit convulsions, but both SCBs did so as effectively as and more potently than PTZ. SCB-elicited convulsions were attenuated by the CB1R antagonist rimonabant or by THC, or by dose regimens of THC and JWH-018, which downregulate and desensitize CB1Rs. None of these treatments altered the convulsant effects of PTZ, although diazepam attenuated PTZ-elicited convulsions without altering SCB-induced convulsant effects. Repeated administration of a subthreshold dose of PTZ kindled convulsant effects, but this was not observed with the SCBs, and no cross-kindling was observed. Repeated administration of the SCBs resulted in tolerance to convulsant effects, but no cross-tolerance to PTZ was observed. Inhibition on Phase I metabolism via nonselective inhibition of CYP450s with 1-aminobenzotriazole potentiated the hypothermic effects of the SCBs and protected against the convulsant effects of JWH-018, but not those of 5F-AB-PINACA or PTZ. Incubation of human liver microsomes with the SCBs showed that JWH-018 is eliminated via oxidation, whereas 5F-AB-PINACA is not. These studies suggest that SCB-elicited convulsions are mediated by high intrinsic efficacy at CB1Rs and that benzodiazepines may not be effective treatments. Finally, drug metabolism may dramatically modulate the convulsant effects of some, but not all, SCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catheryn D Wilson
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.D.W., S.T., L.E., J.C., T.L., W.E.F.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.F., A.R.-P.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sherrica Tai
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.D.W., S.T., L.E., J.C., T.L., W.E.F.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.F., A.R.-P.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Laura Ewing
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.D.W., S.T., L.E., J.C., T.L., W.E.F.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.F., A.R.-P.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jasmine Crane
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.D.W., S.T., L.E., J.C., T.L., W.E.F.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.F., A.R.-P.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Taylor Lockhart
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.D.W., S.T., L.E., J.C., T.L., W.E.F.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.F., A.R.-P.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ryochi Fujiwara
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.D.W., S.T., L.E., J.C., T.L., W.E.F.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.F., A.R.-P.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Anna Radominska-Pandya
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.D.W., S.T., L.E., J.C., T.L., W.E.F.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.F., A.R.-P.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - William E Fantegrossi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.D.W., S.T., L.E., J.C., T.L., W.E.F.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.F., A.R.-P.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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248
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Ozgencli I, Budak H, Ciftci M, Anar M. Lichen Acids May Be Used as A Potential Drug For Cancer Therapy; by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase Purified From Rat Lung. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:1599-1605. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180525095520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Thioredoxin reductase (E.C 1.6.4.5.; TrxR) is a widely distributed flavoprotein that
catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of thioredoxin (Trx) in many cellular events such as DNA synthesis,
DNA repair, angiogenesis, antioxidative defense, and regulating apoptosis. Although TrxR is indispensible in
protecting cells against oxidative stress, the overexpression of TrxR is seen in many aggressive tumors. Therefore,
targeted inhibition of TrxR has been accepted as a new approach for chemotherapy.
Objective:
In this study, in vitro inhibition effect of the lichen acids (diffractaic, evernic, lobaric, lecanoric, and
vulpinic acid) on mitochondrial TrxR purified from rat lung was investigated.
Method:
It was the first time the enzyme was purified from rat lungs by using 2’, 5’-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity
chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was checked with SDS-PAGE. In vitro inhibition effect of the lichen
acids was investigated spectrophotometrically. To emphasize the importance of the obtained data, the commercial
anticancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin were used as positive controls.
Results:
Molecular mass of the enzyme was calculated as approximately 52.4 kDa. The enzyme was purified
with a 63.6% yield, 208.3 fold, and 0.5 EU/mg proteins specific activity. The IC50 values of five lichen acids
were significantly lower than IC50 values of anticancer drugs.
Conclusion:
All of the lichen acids, especially lecanoric and vulpinic acid, exhibited much stronger inhibitory
effect on TrxR than the anticancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin. These lichen acids have pharmacological
potential as effective natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Ozgencli
- Department of Chemisrty, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ciftci
- Department of Chemisrty, Art and Science Faculty, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Anar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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249
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The Potential Mechanism of Bufadienolide-Like Chemicals on Breast Cancer via Bioinformatics Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010091. [PMID: 30646630 PMCID: PMC6357202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufadienolide-like chemicals are mostly composed of the active ingredient of Chansu and they have anti-inflammatory, tumor-suppressing, and anti-pain activities; however, their mechanism is unclear. This work used bioinformatics analysis to study this mechanism via gene expression profiles of bufadienolide-like chemicals: (1) Differentially expressed gene identification combined with gene set variation analysis, (2) similar small -molecule detection, (3) tissue-specific co-expression network construction, (4) differentially regulated sub-networks related to breast cancer phenome, (5) differentially regulated sub-networks with potential cardiotoxicity, and (6) hub gene selection and their relation to survival probability. The results indicated that bufadienolide-like chemicals usually had the same target as valproic acid and estradiol, etc. They could disturb the pathways in RNA splicing, the apoptotic process, cell migration, extracellular matrix organization, adherens junction organization, synaptic transmission, Wnt signaling, AK-STAT signaling, BMP signaling pathway, and protein folding. We also investigated the potential cardiotoxicity and found a dysregulated subnetwork related to membrane depolarization during action potential, retinoic acid receptor binding, GABA receptor binding, positive regulation of nuclear division, negative regulation of viral genome replication, and negative regulation of the viral life cycle. These may play important roles in the cardiotoxicity of bufadienolide-like chemicals. The results may highlight the potential anticancer mechanism and cardiotoxicity of Chansu, and could also explain the ability of bufadienolide-like chemicals to be used as hormones and anticancer and vasoprotectives agents.
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250
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Schultheiss HP, Fairweather D, Caforio ALP, Escher F, Hershberger RE, Lipshultz SE, Liu PP, Matsumori A, Mazzanti A, McMurray J, Priori SG. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:32. [PMID: 31073128 PMCID: PMC7096917 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a clinical diagnosis characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation and impaired contraction that is not explained by abnormal loading conditions (for example, hypertension and valvular heart disease) or coronary artery disease. Mutations in several genes can cause DCM, including genes encoding structural components of the sarcomere and desmosome. Nongenetic forms of DCM can result from different aetiologies, including inflammation of the myocardium due to an infection (mostly viral); exposure to drugs, toxins or allergens; and systemic endocrine or autoimmune diseases. The heterogeneous aetiology and clinical presentation of DCM make a correct and timely diagnosis challenging. Echocardiography and other imaging techniques are required to assess ventricular dysfunction and adverse myocardial remodelling, and immunological and histological analyses of an endomyocardial biopsy sample are indicated when inflammation or infection is suspected. As DCM eventually leads to impaired contractility, standard approaches to prevent or treat heart failure are the first-line treatment for patients with DCM. Cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators may be required to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias. In addition, identifying the probable cause of DCM helps tailor specific therapies to improve prognosis. An improved aetiology-driven personalized approach to clinical care will benefit patients with DCM, as will new diagnostic tools, such as serum biomarkers, that enable early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Alida L. P. Caforio
- 0000 0004 1757 3470grid.5608.bDivision of Cardiology, Department of Cardiological Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Felicitas Escher
- grid.486773.9Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany ,0000 0001 2218 4662grid.6363.0Department of Cardiology, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,0000 0004 5937 5237grid.452396.fDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ray E. Hershberger
- 0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Divisions of Human Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine in the Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Steven E. Lipshultz
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA ,0000 0000 9958 7286grid.413993.5Oishei Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, NY USA ,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Peter P. Liu
- 0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Akira Matsumori
- grid.410835.bClinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- 0000 0004 1762 5736grid.8982.bDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,Department of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - John McMurray
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cBritish Heart Foundation (BHF) Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Silvia G. Priori
- 0000 0004 1762 5736grid.8982.bDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,Department of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
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