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Ren G, Cheng G, Wang J. Understanding the role of milk in regulating human homeostasis in the context of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 107:157-160. [PMID: 33012988 PMCID: PMC7521208 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although data from clinical observation have directly shown that children aged 0-14 years are less susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than those who are between 15 and 64 years old, due to a lack of biological evidence of differences in cell entry receptors between age groups, it remains debatable whether children are actually less susceptible than adults. To date, studies on COVID-19 have consistently shown that pediatric patients generally have relatively milder cytokine release syndrome and lower mortality rates than adults. Interestingly, similar phenomena of relatively mild symptoms in children have been observed in previous outbreaks of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. In fact, in the early stage of life, there are many mechanisms that spontaneously regulate excessive inflammatory responses. Milk, as the main food of infants, not only provides necessary energy and nutrients but also plays an important role in regulating homeostasis related to the immune system, gut microecology and nutrition balance. This review discusses some roles of milk in regulating human homeostasis, especially in the disease states. These clues provide new insight and references for personal care at home and/or in the hospital during the global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Ren
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cheng
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
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202
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Ross M, Atalla H, Karrow N, Mallard BA. The bioactivity of colostrum and milk exosomes of high, average, and low immune responder cows on human intestinal epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2499-2510. [PMID: 33358817 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bovine milk contains bioactive components that are nutritionally and immunologically important to calves and humans. Dairy cows classified as high (H) immune responders using the patented high immune response technology have higher concentrations of immunoglobulin and specific antibodies in sera and milk compared with average (A) and low (L) responders. MicroRNA post-transcriptionally regulate expression of milk bioactive components and are enriched in extracellular vesicles known as exosomes, which protect them from degradation. The bioactivity of colostrum and milk exosomes at the human intestinal epithelial barrier remains to be explored, particularly in the context of the high immune response technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional role of bovine milk exosomes compared with colostrum exosomes from H, A, and L responders at the intestinal interface using human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Exosomes were isolated by successive ultracentrifugation and confirmed by western blot analysis for the presence of common exosomal proteins (CD9, CD63, and heat shock protein 70). Fluorescent labeling of exosomes using PKH67 dye confirmed their uptake by Caco-2 cells, demonstrating their potential bioavailability. The MTT assays showed that colostrum and milk exosomes maintain Caco-2 metabolic activity and are not cytotoxic to these cells. Specifically, metabolic activity after co-incubation with colostrum and milk exosomes from H responder cows was significantly greater than after co-incubation with exosomes from L responders. Caspase 3 activity, an indicator of apoptosis, was significantly lower after co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with milk exosomes compared with colostrum exosomes, suggesting that unlike colostrum exosomes, particularly those from L responders, milk exosomes do not activate the caspase 3 pathway in Caco-2 cells. This study helps us better understand the functional importance of colostrum and milk exosomes from dairy cows and emphasizes differences in functionality among exosomes from H, A, and L immune responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla Ross
- Department of Pathobiology, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Heba Atalla
- Department of Pathobiology, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Niel Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bonnie A Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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203
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Bobbo T, Penasa M, Cassandro M. Genetic Parameters of Bovine Milk Fatty Acid Profile, Yield, Composition, Total and Differential Somatic Cell Count. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2406. [PMID: 33339148 PMCID: PMC7765606 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest of consumers for milk and dairy products of high nutritional value has pushed researchers to evaluate the feasibility of including fatty acids (FA) in selection programs to modify milk fat profile and improve its nutritional quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of FA profile predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy, milk yield, composition, and total and differential somatic cell count. Edited data included 35,331 test-day records of 25,407 Italian Holstein cows from 652 herds. Variance components and heritability were estimated using single-trait repeatability animal models, whereas bivariate repeatability animal models were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits, including the fixed effects of stage of lactation, parity, and herd-test-date, and the random effects of additive genetic animal, cow permanent environment and the residual. Heritabilities and genetic correlations obtained in the present study reflected both the origins of FA (extracted from the blood or synthesized de novo by the mammary gland) and their grouping according to saturation or chain length. In addition, correlations among FA groups were in line with correlation among individual FA. Moderate negative genetic correlations between FA and milk yield and moderate to strong positive correlations with fat, protein, and casein percentages suggest that actual selection programs are currently affecting all FA groups, not only the desired ones (e.g., polyunsaturated FA). The absence of association with differential somatic cell count and the weak association with somatic cell score indicate that selection on FA profile would not affect selection on resistance to mastitis and vice versa. In conclusion, our findings suggest that genetic selection on FA content is feasible, as FA are variable and moderately heritable. Nevertheless, in the light of correlations with other milk traits estimated in this study, a clear breeding goal should first be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bobbo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.P.); (M.C.)
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204
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Wang B, Sun Z, Tu Y, Si B, Liu Y, Yang L, Luo H, Yu Z. Untargeted metabolomic investigate milk and ruminal fluid of Holstein cows supplemented with Perilla frutescens leaf. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110017. [PMID: 33648248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Milk compounds are important for human nutrient requirements and health. The ruminal metabolic profile is responsible for dietary nutrition and determines milk production. Perilla frutescens leaf (PFL) is a commonly used medicinal herb due to its bioactive metabolites. This study elucidated the effects of PFL on the metabolome of two biofluids (rumen fluid and milk) of 14 cows fed a basic total mixed ration diet (CON, n = 7) and supplemented with 300 g/d PFL per cow (PFL, n = 7) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Milk PE-NMe (18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) and DG (18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0), oleanolic acid, and nucleotides were upregulated, and milk medium-chain fatty acids (2-hydroxycaprylic acid) were down-regulated in response to PFL. The supplementation of PFL increased the abundance of pyrimidine nucleotides both in rumen fluid and milk. The pathways of pyrimidine metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were enriched both in the rumen fluid and milk. We also found the milk 2-hydroxycaprylic acid was positively correlated with ruminal uridine 5-monophosphate, and was negatively correlated with ruminal deoxycytidine, and the milk thymidine was positively correlated with ruminal icosenoic acid. This study found that the supplementation of PFL could alter the ruminal metabolic profiles and milk synthesis through regulation of the pathways of pyrimidine metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Our new findings provide comprehensive insights into the metabolomics profile of rumen fluid and milk, supporting the potential production of Perilla frutescens milk in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yan Tu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Bingwen Si
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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205
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Westerik N, Nelson A, Wacoo AP, Sybesma W, Kort R. A Comparative Interrupted Times Series on the Health Impact of Probiotic Yogurt Consumption Among School Children From Three to Six Years Old in Southwest Uganda. Front Nutr 2020; 7:574792. [PMID: 33363193 PMCID: PMC7756026 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Following a school milk feeding program in Southwest Uganda, we initiated a probiotic yogurt school feeding program in the same region in 2018. In order to investigate the potential health benefits from probiotic yogurt we conducted an observational study, where we compared the effect of the consumption of locally produced probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 to milk in pre-primary schoolchildren from different schools on the occurrence of respiratory tract infections (common cold) and skin infections (e.g., tinea capitis). Method: A comparative interrupted time series over a period of 3 weeks of baseline followed by 9 weeks of 100 ml of probiotic yogurt or milk consumption for 5 days per week. In total 584 children attending five different schools were followed during consumption of probiotic yogurt and 532 children attending five other schools during consumption of milk. Incidences of respiratory tract infection symptoms and skin infection symptoms, changes in anthropometric indicators and absenteeism were recorded. Results: Over the course of the study period the incidence rate for common cold symptoms decreased faster in the yogurt group than in the milk group (p = 0.09) resulting in a final RR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.5-1.4) at the end of the observational period. The incidence rate of skin infection related symptoms also reduced faster in the yogurt group compared to the milk group (p < 0.0001) resulting in a relative risk factor (RR) of 0.6 (CI: 0.4-0.9) at the end of the observational period. Anthropometric indicators and level of absenteeism did not show significant differences between yogurt and milk. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the observed positive trend and effect of probiotic yogurt on the incidences of common cold and skin infections, respectively, we consider the results of this comparative interrupted time series inconclusive due to differences in the recorded health parameters between the probiotic yogurt and milk control groups at base line, and fluctuations over the course of the intervention period. An improved study design, with more uniform study groups, a longer intervention period and a third control group without yogurt or milk is required to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieke Westerik
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Alex Paul Wacoo
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Remco Kort
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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206
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Deeba F, Qureshi AS, Kamran M, Farooq A, Faisal N, Muzaffar H, Usman M. Short term therapeutic efficacy of camel milk Vis-À-Vis buffalo milk in Alloxan® induced diabetic rabbits. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:915-923. [PMID: 33553016 PMCID: PMC7843903 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This is the first comparative report that demonstrates the comparison of the anti-hyperglycemic activity of camel milk, buffalo milk and synthetic drugs in induced diabetic rabbits. METHOD Five groups (n = 8) of rabbits containing placebo (G1) and hyperglycemic groups (Alloxan® administered intravenously) including control diabetic (G2), camel milk treated @40 ml/kg (G3), buffalo milk treated @40 ml/kg (G4) and glibenclamide (Glicon®) @10 mg/kg (G5) orally for 60 days. Collection of blood was done for hematology and biochemical analysis. Renal and hepatic tissue sections were processed by routine paraffin technique for diabetes-induced histopathological changes and anti-diabetic activity of camel and buffalo milk. RESULTS Diabetes deleteriously (P ≤ 0.05) affects all studied parameters. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) recovery was seen in diabetogenic hematological (RBC, MCV, Hb, MCH) and serological parameters (AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, TPs, and TOS) with camel milk treatment. Camel milk and glibenclamide decreased blood glucose level more significantly (P < 0.01) than the buffalo milk but more significant renal recovery was seen by renal function. Microscopic observations demonstrated that camel milk and glibenclamide recovered the altered histology of the liver and kidneys towards normal. CONCLUSION The results indicate that camel milk has a potential therapeutic effect in the treatment of hyperglycemia and plays a significant role in its management as well as reduces the risk of diabetes-related complications as compared to buffalo milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Deeba
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azam Farooq
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Pharmacy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Muzaffar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Anatomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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207
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Sumi K, Osada K, Sakuda M, Ashida K, Nakazato K. Fermented milk retains beneficial effects on skeletal muscle protein anabolism after processing by centrifugation and supernatant removal. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1336-1350. [PMID: 33246620 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus-fermented milk can stimulate anabolic effects in skeletal muscle. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus produces aqueous molecules, such as free AA and lactate. This study aimed to investigate how processing fermented milk by centrifugation and removal of supernatant affects AA absorption and postprandial skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) when mice are fed fermented milk. We gavaged male Sprague-Dawley rats with skim milk (S), fermented milk (F), or processed fermented milk (P), and examined the total AA content in portal vein blood (reflecting AA absorption) and plantaris muscle MPS at 30, 60, and 90 min following administration. Relative to fasted rats, at 30 min the total AA concentration in portal vein blood from rats in the P groups was significantly higher, followed by F and S, respectively. The MPS rates were higher for the F or P groups compared with the S group. Phosphorylation levels of p70S6 kinase in the P and F groups were significantly higher than those for the S group 30 min after administration, although the level of Akt phosphorylation was similar among the groups. These results suggested that fermentation improves AA absorption that in turn enhances postprandial MPS via Akt-independent mechanisms, and that processed fermented milk retains these favorable effects on MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sumi
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan.
| | - K Osada
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - M Sakuda
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - K Ashida
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - K Nakazato
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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208
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Aslam H, Marx W, Rocks T, Loughman A, Chandrasekaran V, Ruusunen A, Dawson SL, West M, Mullarkey E, Pasco JA, Jacka FN. The effects of dairy and dairy derivatives on the gut microbiota: a systematic literature review. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1799533. [PMID: 32835617 PMCID: PMC7524346 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1799533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dairy and dairy-derived products on the human gut microbiota remains understudied. A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases with the aim of collating evidence on the intakes of all types of dairy and their effects on the gut microbiota in adults. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.The search resulted in 6,592 studies, of which eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met pre-determined eligibility criteria for inclusion, consisting of a total of 468 participants. Seven studies assessed the effect of type of dairy (milk, yogurt, and kefir) and dairy derivatives (whey and casein) on the gut microbiota, and one study assessed the effect of the quantity of dairy (high dairy vs low dairy). Three studies showed that dairy types consumed (milk, yogurt, and kefir) increased the abundance of beneficial genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. One study showed that yogurt reduced the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, a pathogenic strain. Whey and casein isolates and the quantity of dairy consumed did not prompt changes to the gut microbiota composition. All but one study reported no changes to bacterial diversity in response to dairy interventions and one study reported reduction in bacterial diversity in response to milk intake.In conclusion, the results of this review suggest that dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and kefir may modulate the gut microbiota composition in favor to the host. However, the broader health implications of these findings remain unclear and warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajara Aslam
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,CONTACT Hajara Aslam IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria3220, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tetyana Rocks
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vinoomika Chandrasekaran
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Samantha L. Dawson
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Madeline West
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Mullarkey
- Psychology Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia,Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felice N. Jacka
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
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209
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Gharibi H, Rashidi A, Jahani-Azizabadi H, Mahmoudi P. Evaluation of milk characteristics and fatty acid profiles in Markhoz and Kurdish hairy goats. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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210
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: Application for tetracyclines monitoring in milk. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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211
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Toman R, Pšenková M, Tančin V. The occurrence of eleven elements in dairy cow´s milk, feed, and soil from three different regions of Slovakia. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure the concentrations of eleven essential, potentially toxic and toxic elements (arsenic – As, calcium – Ca, cadmium – Cd, copper – Cu, iron – Fe, mercury – Hg, magnesium – Mg, nickel – Ni, lead – Pb, selenium – Se, zinc- Zn) in raw cow’s milk (spring, summer, and autumn season), feed (spring and autumn season) and soil (spring season) from three different environments by routine methods in the certified testing laboratory. The samples were collected in the undisturbed region around Novoť, the moderately disturbed region around Tulčík, and the strongly disturbed region around Čečejovce. The concentrations of all toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) and two essential elements (Cu, Se) in milk were under the limits of quantification (LOQ) from all investigated areas and during all seasons. Concentrations of other elements in milk from the undisturbed and disturbed areas were significantly different, generally with the highest levels in summer. In soil samples, the significantly highest concentrations of Ca, Cu, Ni were found in a strongly disturbed area, Mg and As in moderately disturbed area, and Fe, Se, Zn, Hg, and Pb in an undisturbed area. Cadmium was under the LOQ. In feed, the concentrations of essential elements, except of Se, were higher in the autumn. The significantly highest concentration of As, Ni were recorded in a moderately disturbed area and Pb in the undisturbed area in both seasons. Cadmium and Hg were under the LOQ. Despite the higher level of some elements in soil (Fe, Mg, Ca) from all regions, there were not elevated concentrations of any element in feed or milk. The concentrations of all toxic elements in milk were under the permitted limits. Thus, the milk from all investigated areas was not contaminated with the elements posing a health risk for consumers and it is considered safe for human consumption.
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212
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Davis H, Stergiadis S, Chatzidimitriou E, Sanderson R, Leifert C, Butler G. Meeting Breeding Potential in Organic and Low-Input Dairy Farming. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:544149. [PMID: 33195517 PMCID: PMC7655643 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.544149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-input (LI) dairy farming, relying heavily on grazing, is increasing in popularity for perceived sustainability, welfare, and milk nutritional quality benefits. However, there is little research into the breed suitability for these systems. The popular Holstein–Friesians are not well-suited to LI production as, to achieve their potential high yields, they require high levels of concentrate intakes and veterinary inputs. Holstein–Friesians were traditionally bred for high milk yields, which often correlate negatively with functional traits, such as fertility and health. This drives the need for alternative breed choices, and UK dairy farmers use several crossbreeding practices. Additionally, classic measures of production efficiency (kilogram feed per liter of milk) are not the sole priority in LI systems, which also aim for improved health, fertility, forage conversion, and milk quality. This study aimed to explore the effect of breeding strategy on LI and organic production in dairy systems, collecting data from 17 farms throughout England and Wales: 7 organic and 10 low-input conventional systems with both purebred and crossbred cows from different breeds. Records from 1,070 cows were collected, including background data, health, fertility, breeding, and parity. Additionally, milk was analyzed on four occasions (autumn 2011 and winter, spring, and summer 2012). Principal components analysis was used to visualize the effect of management, Farm ID, and stage of lactation on LI production. The analysis clustered cows by Farm ID, showing that individual management practice on each farm had the greatest impact on various production traits. Cows were allocated a composite score based on their yield, health records, and milk fatty acid profile, and a linear mixed-effects model indicated (p < 0.01) that crossbred New Zealand Friesian cows scored highest, whereas Dairy Shorthorn cows scored the lowest. This paper highlights weaknesses in current breeding programs for LI and organic farms in the UK, in terms of the alignment of breeds with husbandry practices. Additional research is needed to explore any gene by environment interactions to meet the true potential of individual cows and certain breeds under LI and organic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Davis
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Chatzidimitriou
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Regulated Products Assessment Department, Residues and Food Safety Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Roy Sanderson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Gillian Butler
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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213
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Amalfitano N, Stocco G, Maurmayr A, Pegolo S, Cecchinato A, Bittante G. Quantitative and qualitative detailed milk protein profiles of 6 cattle breeds: Sources of variation and contribution of protein genetic variants. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11190-11208. [PMID: 33069399 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Different fractions of milk nitrogenous compounds (not only caseins) have different effects on the nutritional value of milk, its coagulation and curd firming properties, and its cheese-making efficiency. To assess different sources of variation, especially the cows' breed and genetic variants of the main protein fractions, milk samples were collected from 1,504 cows belonging to 3 dairy breeds (Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Jersey) and 3 dual-purpose breeds (Simmental, Rendena, and Alpine Grey) reared in 41 multibreed herds. Beyond crude protein, casein (CN), and urea, 7 protein fractions were analyzed using HPLC, and 5 other N fraction traits were calculated. All 15 traits were measured qualitatively (% of milk N) and quantitatively (g/L of milk). The HPLC technique allowed us to discriminate between the main genetic variants of β-CN, κ-CN, and β-lactoglobulin and thus to genotype the cows for the CSN2, CSN3, and BLG genes, respectively. Data were analyzed using 2 mixed models, both including the effects of herd-date, breed, parity, and lactation stage, and only one also including the effects of the genotypes of the milk proteins. Breed of cow explained 2 to 36% of phenotypic variability for all the N fractions, with the exception of the urea and total casein contents of milk and the urea and β-CN proportions of total milk N. Lactation stage had a considerable influence on the amount (g/L) of almost all the protein fractions in milk, but neither the nonprotein N fractions nor the percentage of milk N protein profile were affected. The inclusion of the CSN2, CSN3, and BLG genotypes in the model explained a large part of the total variability in all the milk protein and nonprotein fractions except urea. It also reduced the variance explained by breed and residual factors. An exception was shown by the proportion of αS1-CN variance explained by breed that moved from 13 to 28%. Similarly, for amount (g/L) of β-CN, the effect of breed became significant (12%), whereas it was almost null before inclusion of genotypes. In terms of percentage of milk N, the genotypes of CSN3 notably affected all the casein fractions, whereas the BLG genotypes had a much greater influence on most noncasein traits. The genotypes of the CSN2 gene exerted an appreciable effect on αS2-CN and not β-CN, as expected. Comparing the 2 models, we were also able to discriminate the effect of the breed on a milk N fraction, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in 2 quotas: the first due to the milk protein polymorphisms (major genes) and the second due to other genetic factors (polygene), after correcting for the effect of herd-date of sampling, parity, and lactation stage. The knowledge about the detailed milk protein profile of different cattle breeds provided by this study could be of great benefit for the dairy industry, providing new tools for the enhancement of milk payment systems and breeding program designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Amalfitano
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giorgia Stocco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Maurmayr
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Sara Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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214
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The Associations between Dairy Product Consumption and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Adipocytokines, and Oxidative Stress in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103055. [PMID: 33036196 PMCID: PMC7601178 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between dairy product consumption and biomarkers of inflammation, adipocytokines, and oxidative stress is poorly studied in children. Therefore, these associations were examined in a representative subsample of 1338 schoolchildren with a mean age of 11.5 (±0.7) years in the Healthy Growth Study. Information on dairy product consumption was collected by dietary recalls. Total dairy consumption was calculated by summing the intake of milk, yogurt, and cheese. Inflammatory markers, i.e., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adipocytokines, i.e., leptin, adiponectin, and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analysed. Due to the skewed distribution hs-CRP, IL-6, and leptin were log transformed. Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity, parental education, Tanner stage, and fat mass were used to assess the associations between consumption of total dairy, milk, yogurt, cheese, and markers of inflammation, adipocytokines, oxidative stress, and adiponectin-leptin ratio. Our results showed that milk consumption was inversely associated with leptin (β: -0.101; 95% CI: -0.177, -0.025, p = 0.009) and positively associated with the adiponectin-leptin ratio (β: 0.116; 95% CI: 0.020, 0.211; p = 0.018), while total dairy, cheese, and yogurt consumption were not associated with inflammatory, adipocytokine, or antioxidant markers. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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215
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Timon CM, O’Connor A, Bhargava N, Gibney ER, Feeney EL. Dairy Consumption and Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3040. [PMID: 33023065 PMCID: PMC7601440 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy foods are naturally rich sources of a wide range of nutrients, and when consumed according to recommended intakes, contribute essential nutrients across all stages of the life cycle. Seminal studies recommendations with respect to intake of saturated fat have been consistent and clear: limit total fat intake to 30% or less of total dietary energy, with a specific recommendation for intake of saturated fat to less than 10% of total dietary energy. However, recent work has re-opened the debate on intake of saturated fat in particular, with suggestions that recommended intakes be considered not at a total fat intake within the diet, but at a food-specific level. A large body of evidence exists examining the impact of dairy consumption on markers of metabolic health, both at a total-dairy-intake level and also at a food-item level, with mixed findings to date. However the evidence suggests that the impact of saturated fat intake on health differs both across food groups and even between foods within the same food group such as dairy. The range of nutrients and bioactive components in milk and dairy foods are found in different levels and are housed within very different food structures. The interaction of the overall food structure and the nutrients describes the concept of the 'food matrix effect' which has been well-documented for dairy foods. Studies show that nutrients from different dairy food sources can have different effects on health and for this reason, they should be considered individually rather than grouped as a single food category in epidemiological research. This narrative review examines the current evidence, mainly from randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses, with respect to dairy, milk, yoghurt and cheese on aspects of metabolic health, and summarises some of the potential mechanisms for these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Timon
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Aileen O’Connor
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland; (A.O.); (N.B.); (E.L.F.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nupur Bhargava
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland; (A.O.); (N.B.); (E.L.F.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland; (A.O.); (N.B.); (E.L.F.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma L. Feeney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland; (A.O.); (N.B.); (E.L.F.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
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216
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Rasane P, Sharma N, Fatma S, Kaur S, Jha A, Kaur D, Singh J. Ultra-high Temperature (UHT) Processing: Technological Significance and Updates. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316666200217111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Background: Milk forms an integral part of the human diet from the nutritional point of
view. Besides nutrition, it has also unique functional properties which are harnessed by the industry
for numerous uses. Being highly perishable specific techniques are required to minimize the losses
during processing and adequate preservation of this precious commodity. In the U.S. and many other
parts of the world, the traditional pasteurization of milk requires a minimum heat treatment of 72ºC
for 15 seconds with subsequent refrigeration. However, the advent of Ultra High Temperature (UHT)
treatment of milk has added a new dimension to the marketing of liquid milk in urban as well as remote
areas without the requirement of cold chain management. The distinctive feature of UHT processed
milk is that it is commercially-sterile-not pasteurized and so has long shelf life at room temperature.
UHT milk, also known as long-life milk, is emerging as an attractive commercial alternative
offering a hygienic product of unmatched quality, which can be bought anywhere, at any time
and in any quantity. The present review will discuss numerous aspects of UHT processing of milk
with reference to historical significance, fundamental principle, various systems used and prerequisites,
type of exchangers used, fouling and other defects in system, chemical and microbiological effect
of the treatment, its effect on nutritional components, organoleptic quality of milk and the advantage
and involved challenges of the process.
Conclusion:
Raw milk is easily contaminated with pathogens and microbes and hence its consumption
of raw milk is associated with certain ill health effects. Therefore, heating milk before consumption
is strongly suggested. Thus, UHT treatment of milk is done to ensure microbial safety and also
to extend the shelf life of this highly perishable commodity. Heating milk at such a high temperature
is often associated with the change of organoleptic properties like change in flavor or cooked flavor,
rancidity due to microbes or acid flavor, etc. But UHT treatment does not substantially decrease the
nutritional value or any other benefits of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Rasane
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Department of Farm Engineering, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sana Fatma
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Alok Jha
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Damanpreet Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
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217
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Ilesanmi-Oyelere BL, Kruger MC. The Role of Milk Components, Pro-, Pre-, and Synbiotic Foods in Calcium Absorption and Bone Health Maintenance. Front Nutr 2020; 7:578702. [PMID: 33072800 PMCID: PMC7539038 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.578702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing peak bone mass during adolescence and reducing bone loss in later life are two approaches to reduce the risk of osteoporosis with aging. Osteoporosis affects a large proportion of the elderly population worldwide and the incidence is increasing. Milk consumption is an accepted strategy in building peak bone mass and therefore may reduce the risk of osteoporosis. In childhood calcium, phosphorous, and growth factors are the important components to support bone growth but in adults the positive influence on bone density/maintenance may also be due to other bioactive proteins/peptides or lipids in milk acting directly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Lactose has been known to increase calcium absorption; galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are derived from lactose and are non-digestible oligosaccharides. They have been shown to improve mineral balance and bone properties as well as causing increases in bifidobacteria in the gut, therefore a prebiotic effect. Supplementation with fortified milk and dairy products with added prebiotics, increased both calcium and magnesium absorption and caused some modulation of gut microbiota in animals and humans. Fermented milk is now also recognized to contain highly active components such as vitamins, peptides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids. In this review, the role of milk and milk components in improving calcium absorption and thereby supporting bone health is discussed. In addition, some reference is made to the significance of combining the inherent beneficial components from milk with fortificants/nutrients that will support bone health through adulthood. Novel data suggesting differences in diversity of the microbiota between healthy and osteoporotic women are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji L Ilesanmi-Oyelere
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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218
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Kalyan G B, Mittal M, Jain R. Compromised Vitamin B12 Status of Indian Infants and Toddlers. Food Nutr Bull 2020; 41:430-437. [PMID: 32873057 DOI: 10.1177/0379572120950886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent worldwide especially in vegetarian communities. Its deficiency in early childhood may result in serious neurological and cognitive deficits. It is important to know the prevalence among our infants and toddlers so that nutritional policy changes could be suggested in this regard. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the vitamin B12 status of apparently healthy Indian children between 6 and 23 months of age. METHODS Apparently healthy Indian children (n = 210), of age 6 to 23 months, attending pediatric outpatient department were recruited and samples obtained to evaluate their hemogram and levels of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin. Data were analyzed to obtain the mean levels and the proportion of participants deficient in vitamin B12. The dietary habits of the children were also analyzed and correlated with their vitamin B12 status. RESULTS Vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 37.6% of the participants. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in our infants and toddlers, and there is need to initiate supplement to prevent any possible neurological consequences. Early initiation of animal milk had a positive effect on the vitamin B12 status of the child, though it was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Medha Mittal
- 75299Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- 75299Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
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219
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Thiruvengadam M, Venkidasamy B, Thirupathi P, Chung IM, Subramanian U. β-Casomorphin: A complete health perspective. Food Chem 2020; 337:127765. [PMID: 32799161 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β-Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is a heptapeptide dietary molecule derived from the digestion of the β-casein of dairy and dairy products. In this review, we have covered the extensive details about BCM and its derived peptides out of the gastrointestinal and enzymatic digestion of milk and milk products, its structure and properties, and its immunological aspects related to human health among infants and adults of both genders. We have left judgment about BCM's pros and cons to the reader by describing the details in a cyclopedic perspective. In addition, a section on the possible ways to detect BCMs from their sources using proteomics, genome-based techniques, such as PCR and aptamers, and other analytical techniques equip the reader to get an idea about the details of the diagnostics available and possible applications in future. Overall, this review will provide information to the end-users of milk and milk products to enable them to make their own decisions about BCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu Thirupathi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Umadevi Subramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai 600051, Tamil Nadu, India.
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220
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Miranda-Díaz AG, García-Sánchez A, Cardona-Muñoz EG. Foods with Potential Prooxidant and Antioxidant Effects Involved in Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6281454. [PMID: 32832004 PMCID: PMC7424374 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6281454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress appears to be responsible for the gradual dysfunction that manifests via numerous cellular pathways throughout PD progression. This review will describe the prooxidant effect of excessive consumption of processed food. Processed meat can affect health due to its high sodium content, advanced lipid oxidation end-products, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. During cooking, lipids can react with proteins to form advanced end-products of lipid oxidation. Excessive consumption of different types of carbohydrates is a risk factor for PD. The antioxidant effects of some foods in the regular diet provide an inconclusive interpretation of the environment's mechanisms with the modulation of oxidation stress-induced PD. Some antioxidant molecules are known whose primary mechanism is the neuroprotective effect. The melatonin mechanism consists of neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing antioxidant enzyme's expression and activity. N-acetylcysteine protects against the development of PD by restoring levels of brain glutathione. The balanced administration of vitamin B3, ascorbic acid, vitamin D and the intake of caffeine every day seem beneficial for brain health in PD. Excessive chocolate intake could have adverse effects in PD patients. The findings reported to date do not provide clear benefits for a possible efficient therapeutic intervention by consuming the nutrients that are consumed regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés García-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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221
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Abstract
Background: Donkey milk is used in infant nutrition for the treatment of children affected by cow’s milk protein allergy, thanks to its hypo-allergenicity, mainly due to its protein profile, which is very close to that of human milk. Furthermore, donkey milk is characterized by the presence of a fair amount of bioactive proteins, that may have a positive impact on human health. Despite the presence of numerous articles that describe the chemical composition and nutraceutical properties of donkey milk, few works have been performed to determine its vitamin profile; therefore, the purpose of this work is to give further information on the B-vitamins profile of donkey milk. Methods: B-vitamins have been determined through a reversed-phase liquid chromatography analysis. Results: The results indicated that donkey milk (DM) contains thiamine 0.661 ± 0.26 μM, riboflavin 0.168 ± 0.04 μM, nicotinic acid 18.75 ± 1.92 μM, pyridoxine 5.38 ± 3.3 5μM, and folic acid 0.83 ± 0.08 μM. Conclusions: Donkey milk contains a high quantity of nicotinic acid, known for its lipid-lowering effect, and a good amount of vitamin B6 and folic acid, the latter very important for children’s growth. To notice, vitamin B6 has been determined for the first time in donkey milk.
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222
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
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223
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Broersen K. Milk Processing Affects Structure, Bioavailability and Immunogenicity of β-lactoglobulin. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070874. [PMID: 32635246 PMCID: PMC7404694 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk is subjected to various processing steps to warrant constant quality and consumer safety. One of these steps is pasteurization, which involves the exposure of liquid milk to a high temperature for a limited amount of time. While such heating effectively ameliorates consumer safety concerns mediated by pathogenic bacteria, these conditions also have an impact on one of the main nutritional whey constituents of milk, the protein β-lactoglobulin. As a function of heating, β-lactoglobulin was shown to become increasingly prone to denaturation, aggregation, and lactose conjugation. This review discusses the implications of such heat-induced modifications on digestion and adsorption in the gastro-intestinal tract, and the responses these conformations elicit from the gastro-intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa Broersen
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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224
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Freitas P, Oliveira H, Silva F, Fleming A, Miglior F, Schenkel F, Brito L. Genomic analyses for predicted milk fatty acid composition throughout lactation in North American Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6318-6331. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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225
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Potočnik D, Strojnik L, Eftimov T, Levart A, Ogrinc N. Fatty Acid and Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Slovenian Milk: Year, Season, and Regional Variability. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122892. [PMID: 32586041 PMCID: PMC7356875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the percentage and stable isotope ratios of fatty acids in milk to study seasonal, year, and regional variability. A total of 231 raw cow milk samples were analyzed. Samples were taken twice per year in 2012, 2013, and 2014, in winter and summer, covering four distinct geographical regions in Slovenia: Mediterranean, Alpine, Dinaric, and Pannonian. A discriminant analysis model based on fatty acid composition was effective in discriminating milk according to the year/season of production (86.9%), while geographical origin discrimination was less successful (64.1%). The stable isotope composition of fatty acids also proved to be a better biomarker of metabolic transformation processes in ruminants than discriminating against the origin of milk. Further, it was observed that milk from Alpine and Mediterranean regions was healthier due to its higher percentage of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tome Eftimov
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Computer Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Levart
- Department of Animal Science, Chair of Nutrition, Biotechnical Faculty, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia;
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-15885387
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226
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Valk-Weeber RL, Deelman-Driessen C, Dijkhuizen L, Eshuis-de Ruiter T, van Leeuwen SS. In Depth Analysis of the Contribution of Specific Glycoproteins to the Overall Bovine Whey N-Linked Glycoprofile. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6544-6553. [PMID: 32438810 PMCID: PMC7304067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The N-linked glycoprofile of bovine whey is the combined result of individual protein glycoprofiles. In this work, we provide in-depth structural information on the glycan structures of known whey glycoproteins, namely, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, α-lactalbumin, immunoglobulin-G (IgG), and glycosylation-dependent cellular adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM-1, PP3). The majority (∼95%) of N-glycans present in the overall whey glycoprofile were attributed to three proteins: lactoferrin, IgG, and GlyCAM-1. We identified specific signature glycans for these main proteins; lactoferrin contributes oligomannose-type glycans, while IgG carries fucosylated di-antennary glycans with Gal-β(1,4)-GlcNAc (LacNAc) motifs. GlyCAM-1 is the sole whey glycoprotein carrying tri- and tetra-antennary structures, with a high degree of fucosylation and sialylation. Signature glycans can be used to recognize individual proteins in the overall whey glycoprofile as well as for protein concentration estimations. Application of the whey glycoprofile analysis to colostrum samples revealed dynamic protein concentration changes for IgG, lactoferrin, and GlyCAM-1 over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivca L. Valk-Weeber
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Cecile Deelman-Driessen
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- E-mail:
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227
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Danezis GP, Tsiplakou E, Pappa EC, Pappas AC, Mavrommatis A, Sotirakoglou K, Georgiou CA, Zervas G. Fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties of Greek protected designation of origin cheeses, implications for authentication. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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228
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Liu Z, Li C, Pryce J, Rochfort S. Comprehensive Characterization of Bovine Milk Lipids: Triglycerides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12573-12582. [PMID: 32548441 PMCID: PMC7271359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey on triglycerides (TAGs) of bovine milk was conducted by a combination of exhaustive liquid chromatography (LC) separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) detection, and automated lipid molecular feature extraction. A total of 220 groups (a series of species having the same chemical formula and mass) and 3454 molecular species of TAGs were identified based on the accurate mass of the parent ion as well as MS2 information. Sixty-five different fatty acids (FAs) were found across these TAG species; C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 were the most frequent FAs, whereas C11:3, C11:4, C27:0, C27:1, C28:0, and C28:1 were rare FAs in TAG molecules. The number of species identified represents only a small portion of total TAG molecules that can be theoretically synthesized from 65 FAs. Each TAG group contains on average 15-16 isomeric species (species with different FA composition), but positional isomers do not seem to be widespread. As the isomeric species cannot be completely resolved chromatographically, quantification of TAG was conducted at the group level. The most abundant TAG groups in bovine milk include TAG 34:0, TAG 36:0, TAG 38:1, TAG 38:0, and TAG 40:1. This study provides the most comprehensive milk TAG inventory so far that can be used as a reference for studying milk lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Cheng Li
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Jennie Pryce
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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229
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Matic S, D’Souza DH, Wu T, Pangloli P, Dia VP. Bovine Milk Exosomes Affect Proliferation and Protect Macrophages against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity. Immunol Invest 2020; 49:711-725. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1769647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Matic
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Doris H. D’Souza
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Philipus Pangloli
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vermont P. Dia
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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230
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Soares C, Rocha Júnior VR, Monção FP, Borges LDA, Caldeira LA, Costa NM, Ruas JRM, Rigueira JPS, da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho C, de Sales ECJ, de Assis Pires DA, Chamone JMA. Combinations of cactus pear with different roughage sources on the production, chemical composition, and milk fatty acid profile of F1 Holstein/Zebu cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2567-2576. [PMID: 32445157 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The qualities of food, mainly of animal origin, have always been of concern to consumers. It is known that the composition of animals' diets can influence the composition of the foods produced, such as milk. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate diets with cactus pear in combination with different forages for F1 Holstein/Zebu cows on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of milk. Two simultaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares were used in the experimental design. Four experimental diets were used: Diet 1, sorghum silage as the only roughage; Diet 2, sorghum silage combined with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage (dry matter basis); Diet 3, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo) as the only roughage; and Diet 4, elephant grass combined with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 75:25. The milk urea nitrogen was higher (16.08 mg/dL) in the milk of cows fed the diet with only elephant grass than that of milk from the other diet groups. The other analyzed variables of the chemical composition of milk were not influenced by the diets. However, there was a change in the sum of the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The content of C16:0 fatty acid was higher and that of C18:0 was lower in the milk of cows fed the cactus pear diets than in that of cows fed the other diets. Higher levels of oleic acid were observed in the milk of cows fed with diets containing elephant grass than those in the milk of the cows in the sorghum forage groups. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was higher in the milk of cows fed cactus pear than in that of the other cows. The combination of cactus pear with elephant grass or sorghum silage in the diet did not alter the chemical composition of milk. However, it influenced the fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Soares
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Flávio Pinto Monção
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Daniel Alcântara Borges
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Luciana Albuquerque Caldeira
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Natanael Mendes Costa
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Cinara da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Julieta Maria Alencar Chamone
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
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Granic A, Hurst C, Dismore L, Aspray T, Stevenson E, Witham MD, Sayer AA, Robinson S. Milk for Skeletal Muscle Health and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:695-714. [PMID: 32546988 PMCID: PMC7247608 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s245595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging manifests as a decline in muscle quantity and quality that accelerates with aging, increasing the risk of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of muscle strength and mass, and contributes to adverse health outcomes in older adults. Intervention studies have shown that sarcopenia may be treated by higher protein intake in combination with resistance exercise (RE). In comparison, less is known about the role of whole protein-containing foods in preventing or treating sarcopenia. Liquid milk contains multiple nutrients and bioactive components that may be beneficial for muscle, including proteins for muscle anabolism that, alone or with RE, may have myoprotective properties. However, there is a lack of evidence about the role of milk and its effects on muscle aging. This narrative review considers evidence from three observational and eight intervention studies that used milk or fortified milk, with or without exercise, as an intervention to promote muscle health and function in older adults (aged 50–99 years). The observational studies showed no association between higher habitual milk consumption and muscle-related outcomes. The results of intervention studies using fortified milk in relation to elements of sarcopenia were also negative, with further inconclusive results from the studies using a combination of (fortified) milk and exercise. Although milk contains nutrients that may be myoprotective, current evidence does not show beneficial effects of milk on muscle health in older adults. This could be due to high habitual protein intakes (>1.0 g/kg BW/d) in study participants, differences in the type of milk (low-fat vs whole) and timing of milk consumption, length of interventions, as well as differences in the sarcopenia status of participants in trials. Adequately powered intervention studies of individuals likely to benefit are needed to test the effectiveness of a whole food approach, including milk, for healthy muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lorelle Dismore
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Development, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Terry Aspray
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sian Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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232
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Butler MI, Bastiaanssen TFS, Long-Smith C, Berding K, Morkl S, Cusack AM, Strain C, Busca K, Porteous-Allen P, Claesson MJ, Stanton C, Cryan JF, Allen D, Dinan TG. Recipe for a Healthy Gut: Intake of Unpasteurised Milk Is Associated with Increased Lactobacillus Abundance in the Human Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051468. [PMID: 32438623 PMCID: PMC7285075 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota plays a role in gut-brain communication and can influence psychological functioning. Diet is one of the major determinants of gut microbiota composition. The impact of unpasteurised dairy products on the microbiota is unknown. In this observational study, we investigated the effect of a dietary change involving intake of unpasteurised dairy on gut microbiome composition and psychological status in participants undertaking a residential 12-week cookery course on an organic farm. METHODS Twenty-four participants completed the study. The majority of food consumed during their stay originated from the organic farm itself and included unpasteurised milk and dairy products. At the beginning and end of the course, participants provided faecal samples and completed self-report questionnaires on a variety of parameters including mood, anxiety and sleep. Nutrient intake was monitored with a food frequency questionnaire. Gut microbiota analysis was performed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, faecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured. RESULTS Relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus increased significantly between pre- and post-course time points. This increase was associated with participants intake of unpasteurised milk and dairy products. An increase in the faecal SCFA, valerate, was observed along with an increase in the functional richness of the microbiome profile, as determined by measuring the predictive neuroactive potential using a gut-brain module approach. CONCLUSIONS While concerns in relation to safety need to be considered, intake of unpasteurised milk and dairy products appear to be associated with the growth of the probiotic bacterial genus, Lactobacillus, in the human gut. More research is needed on the effect of dietary changes on gut microbiome composition, in particular in relation to the promotion of bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus, which are recognised as being beneficial for a range of physical and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary I. Butler
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-0-21-4901224
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Sabrina Morkl
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Cusack
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Conall Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Kizkitza Busca
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Penny Porteous-Allen
- Ballymaloe Cookery School, Organic Farm and Gardens, Shanagarry, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (P.P.-A.); (D.A.)
| | - Marcus J. Claesson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Darina Allen
- Ballymaloe Cookery School, Organic Farm and Gardens, Shanagarry, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (P.P.-A.); (D.A.)
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
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Soulat J, Andueza D, Graulet B, Girard CL, Labonne C, Aït-Kaddour A, Martin B, Ferlay A. Comparison of the Potential Abilities of Three Spectroscopy Methods: Near-Infrared, Mid-Infrared, and Molecular Fluorescence, to Predict Carotenoid, Vitamin and Fatty Acid Contents in Cow Milk. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050592. [PMID: 32384636 PMCID: PMC7278693 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to compare the ability of three spectroscopy techniques: molecular fluorescence, near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared with attenuated total reflectance (MIR-ATR) spectroscopy to predict the concentrations of 8 carotenoids, 6 vitamins and 22 fatty acids (FA) in cow’s milk. A dataset was built through the analysis of 242 frozen milk samples from different experiments. The milk compounds were analysed using reference methods and by NIR, MIR-ATR, and fluorescence to establish different predictive models. NIR spectroscopy allowed for better prediction of cis9-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and the sum of carotenoids than the other techniques, with a coefficient of cross-validation in calibration (R2CV) > 0.60 and a coefficient of determination in validation (R2V) > 0.50. Their standard errors of prediction (SEP) were equal to 0.01, except for the sum of carotenoids (SEP = 0.15). However, MIR-ATR and fluorescence seem usable for the prediction of lutein and all-trans-β-carotene, respectively. These three spectroscopy methods did not allow us to predict (R2CV < 0.30) vitamin contents except, for vitamin A (the best R²CV = 0.65 with NIR and SEP = 0.15) and α-tocopherol (the best R²CV = 0.56 with MIR-ATR and SEP = 0.41), but all R²V were <0.30. NIR spectroscopy yielded the best prediction of the selected milk FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Soulat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; (J.S.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (C.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Donato Andueza
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; (J.S.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (C.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Benoît Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; (J.S.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (C.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Christiane L. Girard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada;
| | - Cyril Labonne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; (J.S.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (C.L.); (B.M.)
| | | | - Bruno Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; (J.S.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (C.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; (J.S.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (C.L.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33(0)-4-73-62-45-13
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234
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Abstract
Researching the distinguishing factors of nutritional milk quality is key to sustainable production and addresses increasing media and scientific scrutiny regarding human health effects and ecological impacts of dairy products. Modern Western diets have high omega-6 relative to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) consumption. This ratio in milk can be manipulated by management practices; increasing forage in dairy diets raises omega-3 in milk. Whilst studies identify higher concentrations of nutritionally beneficial FAs in organic dairy, milk from 100% forage-fed cows in the UK has not been investigated. This study explores differences in FA composition between supermarket conventional and organic and Pasture for Life Association (PFLA) milk, collected in April, July and October, 2017. PFLA milk had higher concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (+94%) and omega-3 (+92%) than conventional milk. Additionally, concentrations of palmitic acid (+11%), omega-6 (+69%) and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (+201%) were higher in conventional than PFLA milk. PFLA milk had higher concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid (+39%), conjugated linoleic acid (+30%) and omega-3 (+21%) and lower concentrations of omega-6 (−36%) and a lower ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (−44%) than organic milk. This supports previous studies and demonstrates the scope to improve milk FA profiles further for potential health benefits through pasture-based management.
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235
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Zhao W, Shu Q, He G, Qihe C. Reducing antigenicity of bovine whey proteins by Kluyveromyces marxianus fermentation combined with ultrasound treatment. Food Chem 2020; 311:125893. [PMID: 31767476 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the reduction of bovine whey proteins antigenicity by ultrasonic pretreatment and microbial fermentation. Firstly, bovine whey proteins was pretreated by ultrasonic techniques, and its secondary structure was detected by circular dichroism. The pretreated whey proteins was used as the fermentation substrate by Kluyveromyces marxianus for microbial transformation. The single factor design and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) were carried out with the aim to optimize culture temperature, initial pH, inoculum volume and rotation speed. After optimization process, culture temperature, initial pH, inoculum volume and rotation speed were determined. Under culture temperature 35 °C, pH 7.25, inoculum level 10% and shaking speed 150 rpm, the α-LA and β-LG antigenicity in bovine whey proteins were reduced by 29% and 53%, respectively. The findings showed that combined with microbial fermentation for hydrolysis of whey proteins, ultrasonic pretreatment can be used in order to produce hypoallergenic bovine whey proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Guoqing He
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chen Qihe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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236
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Jashari G, Frühbauerová M, Sýs M, Červenka L. Extractive stripping voltammetry at a glassy carbon paste electrode for analysis of cow's milk and cream. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a procedure based on extractive accumulation of milk fat globules (MFGs) into a pasting liquid (lipophilic binder) of glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) with subsequent electrochemical detection by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) in 0.1 mol L-1 Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 4.0 has been tested to find out whether it can be utilized as a simple screening analytical method for cow's milk and cream nutrition control. Since there is assumption that the necessary alkaline hydrolysis of cow's milk and subsequent extraction of lipophilic vitamins into an organic solvent could be avoided, several GCPEs differing in type (atactic polypropylene, paraffin oil, paraffin wax, silicone oil, and vaseline) and content (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%; w/w) of pasting liquid used were tested as part of complex optimization. The obtained results show that MFGs contain predominantly vitamin A (carotenoids and retinoids), especially all-trans-retinol, which could serve as significant marker of the fat content. However, their individual forms were not possible to distinguish due to the considerable anodic peak broadening (overlapping).
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237
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Roseland JM, Phillips KM, Patterson KY, Pehrsson PR, Bahadur R, Ershow AG, Somanchi M. Large Variability of Iodine Content in Retail Cow's Milk in the U.S. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1246. [PMID: 32353959 PMCID: PMC7281966 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine intake is of contemporary public health interest. The recommended daily iodine intake is 150 µg for most adults, and milk is an important source of iodine in the U.S. diet. Iodine concentration in cow's milk is affected by diet and iodine supplementation levels, milking sanitation practices, and other factors. Current analytical iodine data in U.S. retail milk are crucial for evaluating population-wide health outcomes related to diet. Samples of whole (3.25% fat), 2%, 1%, and skim (0-0.5% fat) milk were procured from 24 supermarkets across the U.S. using a census-based statistical plan. Iodine was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, including certified reference materials and control samples to validate results. No difference in iodine content was found between milkfat levels (F3,69 1.033, p = 0.4). Overall mean (SEM) was 85(5.5) µg/serving (240 mL). However, the 95% prediction interval of 39-185 µg/serving for individual samples indicated high variability among individual samples. Given the recommended 150 µg iodine per day for most adults along with the study mean, one milk serving can provide approximately 57% of daily intake. Researchers, health care professionals, and consumers should be aware of iodine variability in milk, while additional research is needed to investigate the impact of iodine variability factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Roseland
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (K.Y.P.); (P.R.P.)
| | | | - Kristine Y. Patterson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (K.Y.P.); (P.R.P.)
| | - Pamela R. Pehrsson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (K.Y.P.); (P.R.P.)
| | - Rahul Bahadur
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (R.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Abby G. Ershow
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Meena Somanchi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (R.B.); (M.S.)
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238
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Lin D, Chen T, Xie M, Li M, Zeng B, Sun R, Zhu Y, Ye D, Wu J, Sun J, Xi Q, Jiang Q, Zhang Y. Oral Administration of Bovine and Porcine Milk Exosome Alter miRNAs Profiles in Piglet Serum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6983. [PMID: 32332796 PMCID: PMC7181743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is the most important nutrient source for newborn mammals. Studies have reported that milk contains microRNAs (miRNAs), which are potential regulatory components. Currently, existing functional and nutritional two competing hypotheses in milk field though little date have been provided for nutritional hypothesis. In this study, we used the qRT-PCR method to evaluated whether milk miRNAs can be absorbed by newborn piglets by feeding them porcine or bovine milk. The result showed that miRNA levels (miR-2284×, 2291, 7134, 1343, 500, 223) were significantly different between bovine and porcine milk. Four miRNAs (miR-2284×, 2291, 7134, 1343) were significantly different in piglet serum after feeding porcine or bovine milk. After separated milk exosomes by ultracentrifugation, the results showed the selected milk miRNAs (miR-2284×, 2291, 7134, 1343) were present in both exosomes and supernatants, and the miRNAs showed the coincidental expression in IPEC-J2 cells. All our founding suggested that the milk miRNAs can be absorbed both in vivo and in vitro, which will building the foundation for understanding whether these sort of miRNAs exert physiological functions after being absorbed and provided additional evidence for the nutritional hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Lin
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meiying Xie
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruiping Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Yanling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dingze Ye
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiahan Wu
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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239
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Wang L, Shi Z, Wang X, Mu S, Xu X, Shen L, Li P. Protective effects of bovine milk exosomes against oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:317-327. [PMID: 32328746 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bovine milk exosomes, which are enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, regulate immune response and growth. In the present study, we aimed to assess the protective effects of bovine milk exosomes against oxidative stress of intestinal crypt epithelial cells (IEC-6). METHODS Bovine milk exosomes were isolated and characterized. To assess the protective effects of exosomes, IEC-6 cells were pretreated with exosomes, followed by H2O2. Cell viability and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reactive oxidative species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. The expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho1) genes, and miR-146a, miR-155, and the HO-1 protein were also determined. RESULTS The isolated bovine milk exosome were positive for CD63 and CD9 expression. The exosomes were approximately circular and had a diameter of about 67.23 nm. Pretreatment of IEC-6 cells with bovine milk exosomes enhanced cell viability; increased SOD and GPX activities; and reduced LDH, ROS, and MDA levels after H2O2 challenge. Further analysis showed that exosome pretreatment increased intracellular miR-146a and miR-155 levels. Exosome pretreatment inhibited the elevation of Nrf2 and Ho1 gene expression induced by H2O2, but promoted HO-1 protein expression. CONCLUSION The results indicated that bovine milk exosomes exerted protective effects against oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhexi Shi
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- The People's Hospital of Zhaoyuan City, Zhaoyuan, 265400, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu Mu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ping Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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240
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Freitas PHF, Oliveira HR, Silva FF, Fleming A, Schenkel FS, Miglior F, Brito LF. Short communication: Time-dependent genetic parameters and single-step genome-wide association analyses for predicted milk fatty acid composition in Ayrshire and Jersey dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5263-5269. [PMID: 32307163 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition have great economic value to the dairy industry as they are directly associated with taste and chemical-physical characteristics of milk and dairy products. In addition, consumers' choices are not only based on the nutritional aspects of food, but also on products known to promote better health. Milk FA composition is also related to the metabolic status and physiological stages of cows and thus can also be used as indicator for other novel traits of interest (e.g., metabolic diseases and methane yield). Genetic selection is a promising alternative to manipulate milk FA composition. In this study, we aimed to (1) estimate time-dependent genetic parameters for 5 milk FA groups (i.e., short-chain, medium-chain, long-chain, saturated, and unsaturated) predicted based on milk mid-infrared spectroscopy, for Canadian Ayrshire and Jersey breeds, and (2) conduct a time-dependent, single-step genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions, candidate genes, and metabolic pathways associated with milk FA. We analyzed 31,709 test-day records of 9,648 Ayrshire cows from 268 herds, and 34,341 records of 11,479 Jersey cows from 883 herds. The genomic database contained a total of 2,330 Ayrshire and 1,019 Jersey animals. The average daily heritability ranged from 0.18 (long-chain FA) to 0.34 (medium-chain FA) in Ayrshire, and from 0.25 (long-chain and unsaturated FA) to 0.52 (medium-chain and saturated FA) in Jersey. Important genomic regions were identified in Bos taurus autosomes BTA3, BTA5, BTA12, BTA13, BTA14, BTA16, BTA18, BTA20, and BTA21. The proportion of the variance explained by 20 adjacent SNP ranged from 0.71% (saturated FA) to 1.11% (long-chain FA) in Ayrshire, and from 0.70% (unsaturated FA) to 3.09% (medium-chain FA) in Jersey cattle. Important candidate genes and pathways were also identified, such as the PTK2 and TRAPPC9 genes, associated with milk fat percentage, and HMGCS, FGF10, and C6 genes, associated with fertility traits and immune response. Our findings on the genetic parameters and candidate genes contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architecture of milk FA composition in Ayrshire and Jersey dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H F Freitas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - H R Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - F F Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - A Fleming
- Lactanet Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1K 1E5, Canada
| | - F S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - F Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - L F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
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241
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Yang S, Tu ZC, Wang H, Huang T. The reduction in the immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin E binding capacity of β-lactoglobulin via spray-drying technology. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2993-3001. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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242
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Tong L, Hao H, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Zhang L, Yi H. Oral Administration of Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alters the Gut Microbiota and Enhances Intestinal Immunity in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901251. [PMID: 32180343 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) as nanoparticles are being developed as novel drug vehicles due to their pivotal role in cell-cell communication. As an important bioactive component in milk, little is known about their effect on the gut microbiota and intestinal immunity. Therefore, the effects of mEVs on gut microbiota and intestinal immunity in mice are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS First, a new method to obtain high-yield mEVs is developed. Afterward, the colonic contents from C57BL/6 mice fed different doses of mEVs (8 weeks) are collected and the microbial composition via 16S rRNA gene sequencing is analyzed. It is found that mEVs could alter the gut microbiota composition and modulate their metabolites-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, the effects of mEVs on intestinal immunity are evaluated. It is observed that the expression levels of Muc2, RegIIIγ, Myd88, GATA4 genes, and IgA, sIgA are increased in the intestine, which are significant for the integrity of the mucus layer. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that the genes with critical importance for intestinal barrier function and immune regulation are modified in mice by oral administration mEVs, which also result in the changes of the relative composition of gut microbiome and SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Tong
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Haining Hao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Youyou Lv
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
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243
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Quan SY, Nan XM, Wang K, Zhao YG, Jiang LS, Yao JH, Xiong BH. Replacement of forage fiber with non-forage fiber sources in dairy cow diets changes milk extracellular vesicle-miRNA expression. Food Funct 2020; 11:2154-2162. [PMID: 32073015 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a dynamic source of nutrients and bioactive factors, varying with the nutrition status of the cattle. We partly replaced alfalfa hay with whole cotton seed and soybean hull (non-forage fiber source, NFFS) in the feed formula of treated cows and evaluated the effects on milk extracellular vesicles (EVs). The NFFS supplement did not affect the shape of milk EVs observed using a transmission electron microscope. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed that the EV concentration increased significantly in treated cows (P = 0.019), with the peak diameter unaffected by the treatment. The EV-RNA concentration and small RNA content, particularly rRNAs and tRNAs, significantly increased in the treated cows (P < 0.05). The other small RNAs, i.e. miRNAs, cis-regulatory elements, snRNAs, and other Rfam RNAs showed no significant difference between the two groups. Totally 276 milk EV-miRNAs were identified. Thirteen miRNAs, accounting for 76%, in the highly expressed top 20, were immune-related. In addition, 9 differently expressed miRNAs (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated) were identified (P < 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the differently expressed miRNAs were related to the citrate cycle, fat digestion and absorption process, taurine and hypo-taurine metabolism, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. This study documents the milk nutrition assessment from macromolecules, especially EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanglin 712100, China.
| | - Xue-Mei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yi-Guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lin-Shu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun-Hu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanglin 712100, China.
| | - Ben-Hai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Pranger IG, Joustra ML, Corpeleijn E, Muskiet FAJ, Kema IP, Oude Elferink SJWH, Singh-Povel C, Bakker SJL. Fatty acids as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:46-63. [PMID: 30307550 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Dairy intake in humans is commonly assessed using questionnaires, but the data collected are often biased. As a result, there is increasing interest in biomarkers of dairy fat. To date, there has been no overview of the fatty acids suitable for use as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to identify circulating fatty acids as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes in the general population. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for eligible studies published until June 2017. Study Selection Articles were included when a correlation between circulating dairy fatty acids and intakes of total dairy and dairy fat was found, as measured by dietary assessment tools. Data Extraction Two authors extracted data independently and assessed the risk of bias. An adapted form of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Results Data were pooled using the random-effects model. Meta-analysis revealed that the fatty acids in plasma/serum were significantly correlated with intakes of total dairy (C14:0 [r = 0.15; 95%CI, 0.11 - 0.18], C15:0 [r = 0.20; 95%CI, 0.13 - 0.27], and C17:0 [r = 0.10; 95%CI, 0.03 - 0.16] and dairy fat (C14:0 [r = 0.16; 95%CI, 0.10 - 0.22], C15:0 [r = 0.33; 95%CI, 0.27 - 0.39], C17:0 [r = 0.19; 95%CI, 0.14 - 0.25], and trans-C16:1n-7 [r = 0.21; 95%CI, 0.14 - 0.29). Conclusions C14:0, C15:0, C17:0, and trans-C16:1n-7 were identified as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes in the general population. In light of the suboptimal measurement techniques used in some studies, correlations with trans-C18:1n-7 and conjugated linoleic acid require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse G Pranger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica L Joustra
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Mahmoudi P, Rostamzadeh J, Rashidi A, Zergani E, Razmkabir M. A meta-analysis on association between CSN3 gene variants and milk yield and composition in cattle. Anim Genet 2020; 51:369-381. [PMID: 32069518 DOI: 10.1111/age.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis on the effects of A and B alleles, the most frequent alleles of CSN3 gene, on milk yield and composition traits was conducted by pooling a large dataset consisting of 30 471 genotyped cattle. Four genetic models, comprising dominant (AA + AB vs. BB), recessive (AA vs. AB + BB), additive (AA vs. BB) and co-dominant (AA + BB vs. AB), were employed to analyze data. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to measure the size of the effects of A and B alleles of CSN3 on studied traits. Effect sizes of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 represent small, medium and large effects, respectively. The results indicate that B allele, in the form of BB genotype, has a significant, but medium effect on lactation yield under dominant (SMD = 0.259, P-value = 0.006) and additive (SMD = 0.279, P-value = 0.035) models. Moreover, a small decrease in the fat percentage occurred in cows having A allele under dominant (SMD = -0.077, P-value = 0.006) and additive (SMD = -0.106, P-value = 0.035) models. Furthermore, CSN3 variants significantly but slightly affect protein percentage under dominant (SMD = -0.146, P-value = 0.000), recessive (SMD = -0.077, P-value = 0.000) and additive (SMD = -0.219, P-value = 0.000) models, showing the negative effect of A allele on this trait. Meta-analysis results reveal that daily milk yield is slightly affected by CSN3 variants under recessive (SMD = 0.056, P-value = 0.033) and additive (SMD = 0.061, P-value = 0.013) genetic models. There is no effect of CSN3 variants on either protein or fat yield. In addition, the effects of CSN3 variants on milk-related traits were not observed under the co-dominant model. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were carried out to confirm the stability of meta-analyses results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mahmoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - J Rostamzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - A Rashidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - E Zergani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - M Razmkabir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
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Brown BA, Zeng X, Todd AR, Barnes LF, Winstone JMA, Trinidad JC, Novotny MV, Jarrold MF, Clemmer DE. Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Exosomes and other Extracellular Particles Enriched from Bovine Milk. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3285-3292. [PMID: 31989813 PMCID: PMC7236431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The masses of particles in a bovine milk extracellular vesicle (EV) preparation enriched for exosomes were directly determined for the first time by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS). In CDMS, both the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and z are determined simultaneously for individual particles, enabling mass determinations for particles that are far beyond the mass limit (∼1.0 MDa) of conventional mass spectrometry (MS). Particle masses and charges span a wide range from m ∼ 2 to ∼90 MDa and z ∼ 50 to ∼1300 e (elementary charges) and are highly dependent upon the conditions used to extract and isolate the EVs. EV particles span a continuum of masses, reflecting the highly heterogeneous nature of these samples. However, evidence for unique populations of particles is obtained from correlation of the charges and masses. An analysis that uses a two-dimensional Gaussian model, provides evidence for six families of particles, four of which having masses in the range expected for exosomes. Complementary proteomics measurements and electron microscopy (EM) imaging are used to further characterize the EVs and confirm that these samples have been enriched in exosomes. The ability to characterize such extremely heterogeneous mixtures of large particles with rapid, sensitive, and high-resolution MS techniques is critical to ongoing analytical efforts to separate and purify exosomes and exosome subpopulations. Direct measurement of each particle's mass and charge is a new means of characterizing the physical and chemical properties of exosomes and other EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Brown
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Xuyao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Aaron R Todd
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Lauren F Barnes
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Jonathan M A Winstone
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
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247
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Synchrony Degree of Dietary Energy and Nitrogen Release Influences Microbial Community, Fermentation, and Protein Synthesis in a Rumen Simulation System. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020231. [PMID: 32050406 PMCID: PMC7074744 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrony of energy and nitrogen release in rumen has been proposed to maximize ruminal microbial fermentation. However, the information regarding bacterial community composition and its metabolism under a higher or lower degree of synchronization is limited. In our study, a 0 to 6 h post-feeding infusion (first half infusion, FHI), 6 to 12 h post-feeding infusion (second half infusion, SHI), and 0 to 12 h post-feeding infusion (continuous infusion, CI) of maltodextrin were used to simulate varying degrees of synchronization of energy and nitrogen release in a rumen simulation system. In addition, the bacterial community, metabolite, enzyme activity, and microbial protein synthesis (MPS) were evaluated. Compared with the FHI and CI, the relative abundance of Fibrobacter, Ruminobacter, BF311, and CF231 decreased in the SHI, but that of Klebsiella and Succinivibrio increased in the SHI. The NH3-N and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were significantly higher, but propionate content and activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and alanine dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the SHI than those in the FHI and CI. The SHI had lower MPS and less efficiency of MPS than the FHI and CI, which indicated that the SHI had a lower degree of synchronization. Correlation analysis showed that MPS was positively related to GDH activity and relative abundance of Fibrobacter but negatively related to NH3-N and relative abundance of Klebsiella. Therefore, a higher degree of synchronization of energy and nitrogen release increased MPS partly via influencing the bacterial community, metabolism, and enzyme activities of ammonia assimilation in the in vitro fermenters.
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248
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Phosphorus and zinc are less bioaccessible in soy-based beverages in comparison to bovine milk. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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249
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Grout L, Baker MG, French N, Hales S. A Review of Potential Public Health Impacts Associated With the Global Dairy Sector. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2019GH000213. [PMID: 32159049 PMCID: PMC7017588 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong demand for dairy products has led to a global increase in dairy production. In many parts of the world, dairy systems are undergoing rapid intensification. While increased production may contribute to food security, higher dairy stocking rates in some regions have resulted in increased pressure on natural resources with the potential to affect public health and wellbeing. The aim of this review was to identify and describe the potential health harms and benefits associated with dairy production and consumption. Electronic databases Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for published literature that investigated human health impacts of dairy production and consumption. Occupational hazards, environmental health impacts, ecosystem health impacts, foodborne hazards, and diet-related chronic diseases were identified as potential public health hazards. Some impacts, notably climate change, extend beyond directly exposed populations. Dairy production and consumption are also associated with important health benefits through the provision of nutrients and economic opportunities. As the global dairy sector increases production, exposure to a range of hazards must be weighed with these benefits. The review of impacts presented here can provide an input into decision making about optimal levels of dairy production and consumption, local land use, and identification and management of specific hazards from this sector. Future research should consider multiple exposure routes, socioeconomic implications, and environmental factors, particularly in regions heavily dependent on dairy farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Grout
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Michael G. Baker
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Nigel French
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Simon Hales
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
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250
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Abousoliman I, Reyer H, Oster M, Muráni E, Mourad M, Rashed MAS, Mohamed I, Wimmers K. Analysis of Candidate Genes for Growth and Milk Performance Traits in the Egyptian Barki Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020197. [PMID: 31979402 PMCID: PMC7070871 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common sheep breeds of Egypt are Ossimi, Rahmani, and Barki breeds. The latter one is well adapted to the challenging desert environment, characterized by food shortage and a high temperature fluctuation. Growth performance of Barki sheep has an important economic value in terms of minimizing the shortage of mutton meat in Egypt. Further, milk production is of great importance for feeding newborn lambs. Eight candidate genes, recently associated with production traits in different breeds, were used to study the effect of genotype on lamb growth and ewe milk traits. The examined genes were LEP, IGF1, DGAT1, STAT5A, PRL, CSN1S2, GHR, and GHRHR, of which one representative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the coding region was selected for genotyping. Data from 251 Barki sheep were used in this study. Association analysis between SNPs and lamb growth traits identified rs420693815 of the LEP gene to be significantly associated with weaning weight and average daily gain. In ewes, significant effects on milk yield and composition have been estimated for LEP (rs420693815), STAT5A (rs161082816), PRL (rs422713690), and GHRHR (rs414991449). The results indicated that these genes might be considered as interesting candidates for further investigations to improve growth and milk performance in Barki sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abousoliman
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Department of Animal and Poultry Breeding, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Matareya st, 11753 El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mosaad Mourad
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shobra, 11241 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ismail Mohamed
- Department of Animal and Poultry Breeding, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Matareya st, 11753 El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 7, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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