201
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Prasad RY, Simmons SO, Killius MG, Zucker RM, Kligerman AD, Blackman CF, Fry RC, Demarini DM. Cellular interactions and biological responses to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in HepG2 and BEAS-2B cells: role of cell culture media. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:336-342. [PMID: 24446152 DOI: 10.1002/em.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We showed previously that exposure of human lung cells (BEAS-2B) to TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2 ) produced micronuclei (MN) only when the final concentration of protein in the cell-culture medium was at least 1%. Nanoparticles localize in the liver; thus, we exposed human liver cells (HepG2) to nano-TiO2 and found the same requirement for MN induction. Nano-TiO2 also formed small agglomerates in medium containing as little as 1% protein and caused cellular interaction as measured by side scatter by flow cytometry and DNA damage (comet assay) in HepG2 cells. Nano-TiO2 also increased the activity of the inflammatory factor NFkB but not of AP1 in a reporter-gene HepG2 cell line. Suspension of nano-TiO2 in medium containing 0.1% protein was sufficient for induction of MN by the nanoparticles in either BEAS-2B or HepG2 cells as long the final concentration of protein in the cell-culture medium was at least 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Y Prasad
- Student Services Contractor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle, North Carolina; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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202
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Forbes B, O'Lone R, Allen PP, Cahn A, Clarke C, Collinge M, Dailey LA, Donnelly LE, Dybowski J, Hassall D, Hildebrand D, Jones R, Kilgour J, Klapwijk J, Maier CC, McGovern T, Nikula K, Parry JD, Reed MD, Robinson I, Tomlinson L, Wolfreys A. Challenges for inhaled drug discovery and development: Induced alveolar macrophage responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 71:15-33. [PMID: 24530633 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophage (AM) responses are commonly induced in inhalation toxicology studies, typically being observed as an increase in number or a vacuolated 'foamy' morphology. Discriminating between adaptive AM responses and adverse events during nonclinical and clinical development is a major scientific challenge. When measuring and interpreting induced AM responses, an understanding of macrophage biology is essential; this includes 'sub-types' of AMs with different roles in health and disease and mechanisms of induction/resolution of AM responses to inhalation of pharmaceutical aerosols. In this context, emerging assay techniques, the utility of toxicokinetics and the requirement for new biomarkers are considered. Risk assessment for nonclinical toxicology findings and their translation to effects in humans is discussed from a scientific and regulatory perspective. At present, when apparently adaptive macrophage-only responses to inhaled investigational products are observed in nonclinical studies, this poses a challenge for risk assessment and an improved understanding of induced AM responses to inhaled pharmaceuticals is required.
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203
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Calero M, Gutiérrez L, Salas G, Luengo Y, Lázaro A, Acedo P, Morales MP, Miranda R, Villanueva A. Efficient and safe internalization of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Two fundamental requirements for biomedical applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:733-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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204
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Viability and gene expression responses to polymeric nanoparticles in human and rat cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:137-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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205
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Selvaraj V, Bodapati S, Murray E, Rice KM, Winston N, Shokuhfar T, Zhao Y, Blough E. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1379-91. [PMID: 24648735 PMCID: PMC3958544 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has caused new concerns about the potential exposure to biological systems and the potential risk that these materials may pose on human health. Here, we examined the effects of exposure to different concentrations (0–50 μg/mL) and incubation times (10 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours) of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) NPs on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Changes in cellular morphology, cell viability, cell membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), and the DNA damage after NP exposure were compared to the effects seen following incubation with paraquat, a known toxicant. Results The 24-hour inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of Y2O3 NPs (41±5 nm in size) in the HEK293 cells was found to be 108 μg/mL. Incubation with Y2O3 NPs (12.25–50 μg/mL) increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression and promoted apoptotic- and necrotic-mediated cell death in both a concentration and a time-dependent manner. Decreases in cell survivability were associated with elevations in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and evidence of DNA damage, which were consistent with the possibility that mitochondria impairment may play an important role in the cytotoxic response. Conclusion These data demonstrate that the Y2O3 NP exposure is associated with increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sravanthi Bodapati
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Kevin M Rice
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Nicole Winston
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Eric Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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206
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Villarreal FD, Das GK, Abid A, Kennedy IM, Kültz D. Sublethal effects of CuO nanoparticles on Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are modulated by environmental salinity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88723. [PMID: 24520417 PMCID: PMC3919801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of manufactured nanoparticles (NP) in different applications has triggered the need to understand their putative ecotoxicological effects in the environment. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) are toxic, and induce oxidative stress and other pathophysiological conditions. The unique properties of NP can change depending on the characteristics of the media they are suspended in, altering the impact on their toxicity to aquatic organisms in different environments. Here, Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus) were exposed to flame synthesized CuO NP (0.5 and 5 mg·L−1) in two environmental contexts: (a) constant freshwater (FW) and (b) stepwise increase in environmental salinity (SW). Sublethal effects of CuO NP were monitored and used to dermine exposure endpoints. Fish exposed to 5 mg·L−1 CuO in SW showed an opercular ventilation rate increase, whereas fish exposed to 5 mg·L−1 in FW showed a milder response. Different effects of CuO NP on antioxidant enzyme activities, accumulation of transcripts for metal-responsive genes, GSH∶GSSG ratio, and Cu content in fish gill and liver also demonstrate that additive osmotic stress modulates CuO NP toxicity. We conclude that the toxicity of CuO NP depends on the particular environmental context and that salinity is an important factor for modulating NP toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D. Villarreal
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gautom Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aamir Abid
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ian M. Kennedy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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207
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Kumari M, Singh SP, Chinde S, Rahman MF, Mahboob M, Grover P. Toxicity study of cerium oxide nanoparticles in human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:86-97. [PMID: 24510415 DOI: 10.1177/1091581814522305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study consisted of cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative stress responses of human neuroblastoma cell line (IMR32) following exposure to different doses of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs; nanoceria) and its microparticles (MPs) for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays whereas genotoxicity was assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus and comet assays. A battery of assays including lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase were performed to test the hypothesis that ROS was responsible for the toxicity of nanoceria. The results showed that nanosized CeO2 was more toxic than cerium oxide MPs. Hence, further study on safety evaluation of CeO2 NPs on other models is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500 007, India. ;
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208
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Líbalová H, Krčková S, Uhlířová K, Milcová A, Schmuczerová J, Ciganek M, Kléma J, Machala M, Šrám RJ, Topinka J. Genotoxicity but not the AhR-mediated activity of PAHs is inhibited by other components of complex mixtures of ambient air pollutants. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:350-7. [PMID: 24472612 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the genotoxicity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent transcriptional changes of selected target genes in human lung epithelial A549 cells incubated for 24 h, either with extractable organic matter (EOMs) from airborne particles <2.5 μm (PM2.5) collected at four localities from heavily polluted areas of the Czech Republic or two representative toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in EOMs, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F). Genotoxic effects were determined using DNA adduct analysis or analysis of expression of selected AhR-related genes involved in bioactivation of PAHs (CYP1A1, CYP1B1) and transcriptional repression (TIPARP). Sampled localities differing in the extent and source of air pollution did not exhibit substantially different genotoxicity. DNA adduct levels induced by three subtoxic EOM concentrations were relatively low (1-5 adducts/10(8) nucleotides), compared to levels induced by similar concentrations of B[a]P, while B[k]F gave very low DNA adduct levels. Here, we compared genotoxicity and gene deregulation induced by complex mixtures containing PAHs with the effects of the comparable concentrations of individual PAHs. Our results suggested inhibition of formation of B[a]P-induced DNA adducts compared to individual B[a]P, probably attributable to competitive inhibition by other non-genotoxic EOM components. In contrast, induction of AhR target genes appeared not to be antagonized by the components of complex mixtures, as induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and TIPARP transcripts reached maximum levels induced by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Líbalová
- Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Krčková
- Department of Chemistry, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Uhlířová
- Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Milcová
- Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Schmuczerová
- Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ciganek
- Department of Chemistry, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kléma
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Karlovo namesti 13, 121 35 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Karlovo namesti 13, 121 35 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radim J Šrám
- Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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209
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Irfan A, Cauchi M, Edmands W, Gooderham NJ, Njuguna J, Zhu H. Assessment of Temporal Dose-Toxicity Relationship of Fumed Silica Nanoparticle in Human Lung A549 Cells by Conventional Cytotoxicity and 1H-NMR-Based Extracellular Metabonomic Assays. Toxicol Sci 2014; 138:354-64. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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210
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Pyrgiotakis G, McDevitt J, Bordini A, Diaz E, Molina R, Watson C, Deloid G, Lenard S, Fix N, Mizuyama Y, Yamauchi T, Brain J, Demokritou P. A chemical free, nanotechnology-based method for airborne bacterial inactivation using engineered water nanostructures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2014; 2014:15-26. [PMID: 26180637 PMCID: PMC4500755 DOI: 10.1039/c3en00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens are associated with the spread of infectious diseases and increased morbidity and mortality. Herein we present an emerging chemical free, nanotechnology-based method for airborne pathogen inactivation. This technique is based on transforming atmospheric water vapor into Engineered Water Nano-Structures (EWNS) via electrospray. The generated EWNS possess a unique set of physical, chemical, morphological and biological properties. Their average size is 25 nm and they contain reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. In addition, EWNS are highly electrically charged (10 electrons per particle on average). A link between their electric charge and the reduction of their evaporation rate was illustrated resulting in an extended lifetime (over an hour) at room conditions. Furthermore, it was clearly demonstrated that the EWNS have the ability to interact with and inactivate airborne bacteria. Finally, inhaled EWNS were found to have minimal toxicological effects, as illustrated in an acute in-vivo inhalation study using a mouse model. In conclusion, this novel, chemical free, nanotechnology-based method has the potential to be used in the battle against airborne infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James McDevitt
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andre Bordini
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edgar Diaz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ramon Molina
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christa Watson
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Glen Deloid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steve Lenard
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Natalie Fix
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Yosuke Mizuyama
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Joseph Brain
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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211
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Cuillel M, Chevallet M, Charbonnier P, Fauquant C, Pignot-Paintrand I, Arnaud J, Cassio D, Michaud-Soret I, Mintz E. Interference of CuO nanoparticles with metal homeostasis in hepatocytes under sub-toxic conditions. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:1707-1715. [PMID: 24343273 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) were studied for their toxicity and mechanism of action on hepatocytes (HepG2), in relation to Cu homeostasis disruption. Indeed, hepatocytes, in the liver, are responsible for the whole body Cu balance and should be a major line of defence in the case of exposure to CuO-NP. We investigated the early responses to sub-toxic doses of CuO-NP and compared them to equivalent doses of Cu added as salt to see if there is a specific nano-effect related to Cu homeostasis in hepatocytes. The expression of the genes encoding the Cu-ATPase ATP7B, metallothionein 1X, heme oxygenase 1, heat shock protein 70, superoxide dismutase 1, glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit, metal responsive element-binding transcription factor 1 and zinc transporter 1 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. These genes are known to be involved in response to Cu, Zn and/or oxidative stresses. Except for MTF1, ATP7B and SOD1, we clearly observed an up regulation of these genes expression in CuO-NP treated cells, as compared to CuCl2. In addition, ATP7B trafficking from the Golgi network to the bile canaliculus membrane was observed in WIF-B9 cells, showing a need for Cu detoxification. This shows an increase in the intracellular Cu concentration, probably due to Cu release from endosomal CuO-NP solubilisation. Our data show that CuO-NP enter hepatic cells, most probably by endocytosis, bypassing the cellular defence mechanism against Cu, thus acting as a Trojan horse. Altogether, this study suggests that sub-toxic CuO-NP treatments induce successively a Cu overload, a Cu-Zn exchange on metallothioneins and MTF1 regulation on both Cu and Zn homeostasis.
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212
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Yuan L, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao H, Liu X. Additive effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and isoorientin on apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line. Toxicol Lett 2013; 225:294-304. [PMID: 24374571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanomaterial could effectively decrease tumour resistance to anti-cancer drugs. In this paper, we have explored the synergistic effect and mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) and isoorientin (ISO) on cytotoxicity in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. The results showed that ZnO Nps could exert dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, and the combining treatment resulted in a greater cytotoxicity than single treatment. ZnO Nps could synergistically potentiate ISO to induce apoptosis through resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2, and enhancing the phosphorylation of JNK and P38. Additionally, ZnO Nps were uptaked by cells through endocytic pathway and it enhanced the cellular uptake of ISO, while no significant injury was found in normal liver cells after the combined treatment. These results suggest that the combination of metal nanoparticle with anti-cancer drugs may provide a promising alternative for novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yutang Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haifang Xiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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213
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Heravi F, Ramezani M, Poosti M, Hosseini M, Shajiei A, Ahrari F. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of an Orthodontic Composite Containing Titanium-dioxide Nano-particles. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2013; 7:192-8. [PMID: 24578816 PMCID: PMC3935549 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2013.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Incorporation of nano-particles to orthodontic bonding systems has been considered to prevent enamel demineralization around appliances. This study investigated cytotoxicity of Transbond XT adhesive containing 1 wt% titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-particles.
Materials and methods. Ten composite disks were prepared from each of the conventional and TiO2-containg composites and aged for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). The extracts were obtained and exposed to culture media of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and mouse L929 fibroblasts. Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results. Both adhesives were moderately toxic for HGF cells on the first day of the experiment, but the TiO2-containing adhesive produced significantly lower toxicity than the pure adhesive (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in cell viability percentages between the two groups on the other days (P>0.05). There was a significant reduction in cell toxicity with increasing pre-incubation time (P<0.001). L929 cells showed similar toxicity trends, but lower sensitivity to detect cytotoxicity of dental composites.
Conclusion. The orthodontic adhesive containing TiO2 nano-particles indicated comparable or even lower toxicity than its nano-particle-free counterpart, indicating that incorporation of 1 wt% TiO2 nano-particles to the composite structure does not result in additional health hazards compared to that occurring with the pure adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Heravi
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Poosti
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Shajiei
- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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214
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Mateo D, Morales P, Ávalos A, Haza AI. Oxidative stress contributes to gold nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in human tumor cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 24:161-72. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.869783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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215
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Luengo Y, Nardecchia S, Morales MP, Serrano MC. Different cell responses induced by exposure to maghemite nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11428-37. [PMID: 23963338 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02148c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have permitted the development of a wide repertoire of inorganic magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with extensive promise for biomedical applications. Despite this remarkable potential, many questions still arise concerning the biocompatible nature of NPs when in contact with biological systems. Herein, we have investigated how controlled changes in the physicochemical properties of iron oxide NPs at their surface (i.e., surface charge and hydrodynamic size) affect, first, their interaction with cell media components and, subsequently, cell responses to NP exposure. For that purpose, we have prepared iron oxide NPs with three different coatings (i.e., dimercaptosuccinic acid - DMSA, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane - APS and dextran) and explored the response of two different cell types, murine L929 fibroblasts and human Saos-2 osteoblasts, to their exposure. Interestingly, different cell responses were found depending on the NP concentration, surface charge and cell type. In this sense, neutral NPs, as those coated with dextran, induced negligible cell damage, as their cellular internalization was significantly reduced. In contrast, surface-charged NPs (i.e., those coated with DMSA and APS) caused significant cellular changes in viability, morphology and cell cycle under certain culture conditions, as a result of a more active cellular internalization. These results also revealed a particular cellular ability to detect and remember the original physicochemical properties of the NPs, despite the formation of a protein corona when incubated in culture media. Overall, conclusions from these studies are of crucial interest for future biomedical applications of iron oxide NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurena Luengo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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216
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Wang D, Guo D, Bi H, Wu Q, Tian Q, Du Y. Zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibit Ca2+-ATPase expression in human lens epithelial cells under UVB irradiation. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2117-26. [PMID: 24060544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed that lens epithelial cells exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) light could be induced apoptosis, and lens epithelial cell apoptosis can initiate cataractogenesis. Posterior capsular opacification (PCO), the most frequent complication after cataract surgery, is induced by the proliferation, differentiation, migration of lens epithelial cells. Thus, inhibiting the proliferation of lens epithelial cells could reduce the occurrence of PCO. It is reported that zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have great potential for the application of biomedical field including cancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of ZnO nanoparticles on human lens epithelial cell (HLEC) viability. In addition, changes in cell nuclei, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and intracellular calcium ion levels were also investigated after cells treated with ZnO nanoparticles in the presence and absence of UVB irradiation. Meanwhile, the expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1 (PMCA1) was also determined at gene and protein levels. The results indicate that ZnO nanoparticles and UVB irradiation have synergistic inhibitory effect on HLEC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. ZnO nanoparticles can increase the intracellular calcium ion level, disrupt the intracellular calcium homeostasis, and decrease the expression level of PMCA1. UVB irradiation can strengthen the effect of reduced expression of PMCA1, suggesting that both UVB irradiation and ZnO nanoparticles could exert inhibitory effect on HLECs via calcium-mediated signaling pathway. ZnO nanoparticles have great potential for the treatment of PCO under UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoguang Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, China
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217
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Cao Y, Lou D, Wang B. Transport barriers and strategies of antitumor nanocarriers delivery system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3661-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 People's Republic of China
| | - Deshuai Lou
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 People's Republic of China
| | - Bochu Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 People's Republic of China
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218
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Khatri M, Bello D, Pal AK, Cohen JM, Woskie S, Gassert T, Lan J, Gu AZ, Demokritou P, Gaines P. Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and inflammatory responses of nanoparticles from photocopiers in three human cell lines. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:42. [PMID: 23968360 PMCID: PMC3766213 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photocopiers emit nanoparticles with complex chemical composition. Short-term exposures to modest nanoparticle concentrations triggered upper airway inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy human volunteers in a recent study. To further understand the toxicological properties of copier-emitted nanoparticles, we studied in-vitro their ability to induce cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, DNA damage, and apoptosis in relevant human cell lines. Methods Three cell types were used: THP-1, primary human nasal- and small airway epithelial cells. Following collection in a large volume photocopy center, nanoparticles were extracted, dispersed and characterized in the cell culture medium. Cells were doped at 30, 100 and 300 μg/mL administered doses for up to 24 hrs. Estimated dose delivered to cells, was ~10% and 22% of the administered dose at 6 and 24 hrs, respectively. Gene expression analysis of key biomarkers was performed using real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in THP-1 cells at 5 μg nanoparticles/mL for 6-hr exposure for confirmation purposes. Results Multiple cytokines, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, MCP-1, TNF-α and VEGF, were significantly elevated in THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression analysis confirmed up-regulation of the TNF-α gene in THP-1 cells, consistent with cytokine findings. In both primary epithelial cells, cytokines IL-8, VEGF, EGF, IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6 and GM-CSF were significantly elevated. Apoptosis was induced in all cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, consistent with the significant up-regulation of key apoptosis-regulating genes P53 and Casp8 in THP-1 cells. No significant DNA damage was found at any concentration with the comet assay. Up-regulation of key DNA damage and repair genes, Ku70 and Rad51, were also observed in THP-1 cells, albeit not statistically significant. Significant up-regulation of the key gene HO1 for oxidative stress, implicates oxidative stress induced by nanoparticles. Conclusions Copier-emitted nanoparticles induced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and modest cytotoxicity but no DNA damage in all three-human cell lines. Taken together with gene expression data in THP-1 cells, we conclude that these nanoparticles are directly responsible for inflammation observed in human volunteers. Further toxicological evaluations of these nanoparticles, including across different toner formulations, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khatri
- Department of Work Environment, One University Avenue, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 0185, USA.
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219
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Nanosized zinc oxide induces toxicity in human lung cells. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2013; 2013:316075. [PMID: 23997968 PMCID: PMC3749605 DOI: 10.1155/2013/316075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives, pigments, rubber manufacture, and electronic materials. With the wide application of ZnO-NPs, concern has been raised about its unintentional health and environmental impacts. This study investigates the toxic effects of ZnO-NPs in human lung cells. In order to assess toxicity, human lung epithelial cells (L-132) were exposed to dispersion of 50 nm ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, and 100 μ g/mL for 24 h. The toxicity was evaluated by observing changes in cell morphology, cell viability, oxidative stress parameters, DNA damage analysis, and gene expression. Exposure to 50 nm ZnO-NPs at concentrations between 5 and 100 μ g/mL decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological examination revealed cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. The oxidative stress parameters revealed significant depletion of GSH level and increase in ROS levels suggesting generation of oxidative stress. ZnO-NPs exposure caused DNA fragmentation demonstrating apoptotic type of cell death. ZnO-NPs increased the expression of metallothionein gene, which is considered as a biomarker in metal-induced toxicity. To summarize, ZnO-NPs cause toxicity in human lung cells possibly through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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220
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Moschini E, Gualtieri M, Colombo M, Fascio U, Camatini M, Mantecca P. The modality of cell-particle interactions drives the toxicity of nanosized CuO and TiO₂ in human alveolar epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:102-16. [PMID: 23906720 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide NPs are abundantly produced in nanotech industries and are emitted in several combustion processes, suggesting the need to characterize their toxic impact on the human respiratory system. The acute toxicity and the morphological changes induced by copper oxide and titanium dioxide NPs (nCuO and nTiO₂) on the human alveolar cell line A549 are here investigated. Cell viability and oxidative stress have been studied in parallel with NP internalization and cell ultrastructural modifications. TiO₂ NPs were abundantly internalized by cells through the endocytic pathway, even they did not induce cell death and ultrastructural lesions. Only after 24h cells were affected by an abundant NP internalization presenting a consequent altered morphology. High cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and severe ultrastructural damages were produced by nCuO, since cell membrane and mitochondria resulted to be heavily affected, even at early exposure time. nCuO-induced toxicity has been interpreted as a consequence of both NPs reactivity and copper ions dissolution in lysosomal compartments, even the free NPs, scattered throughout all the cell compartments, might contribute to the toxicity. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine was effective in recovering nCuO exposed cells viability and Bafilomycin A1 inhibited copper ions release in phagolysosomes and significantly rescued cells, suggesting a relevant cytotoxic mechanism relative to oxidative damages and authophagic cell death, together with NP internalization and dissolution. Our results support the previous data reporting CuO NPs are highly cytotoxic and genotoxic, and associate their toxic effects with their cell penetration and interaction with various compartments. In conclusion, the so-called "Trojan horse" mechanism and autophagy, are involved in nCuO-induced cell death, even a further research is needed to explain the events occurring at early exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Moschini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Centre, University of Milano Bicocca, 1 piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy
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221
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Bhattacharjee S, Rietjens IMCM, Singh MP, Atkins TM, Purkait TK, Xu Z, Regli S, Shukaliak A, Clark RJ, Mitchell BS, Alink GM, Marcelis ATM, Fink MJ, Veinot JGC, Kauzlarich SM, Zuilhof H. Cytotoxicity of surface-functionalized silicon and germanium nanoparticles: the dominant role of surface charges. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:4870-83. [PMID: 23619571 PMCID: PMC3667208 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr34266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although it is frequently hypothesized that surface (like surface charge) and physical characteristics (like particle size) play important roles in cellular interactions of nanoparticles (NPs), a systematic study probing this issue is missing. Hence, a comparative cytotoxicity study, quantifying nine different cellular endpoints, was performed with a broad series of monodisperse, well characterized silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) NPs with various surface functionalizations. Human colonic adenocarcinoma Caco-2 and rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cells were used to clarify the toxicity of this series of NPs. The surface coatings on the NPs appeared to dominate the cytotoxicity: the cationic NPs exhibited cytotoxicity, whereas the carboxylic acid-terminated and hydrophilic PEG- or dextran-terminated NPs did not. Within the cationic Si NPs, smaller Si NPs were more toxic than bigger ones. Manganese-doped (1% Mn) Si NPs did not show any added toxicity, which favors their further development for bioimaging. Iron-doped (1% Fe) Si NPs showed some added toxicity, which may be due to the leaching of Fe(3+) ions from the core. A silica coating seemed to impart toxicity, in line with the reported toxicity of silica. Intracellular mitochondria seem to be the target for the toxic NPs since a dose-, surface charge- and size-dependent imbalance of the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. Such an imbalance led to a series of other cellular events for cationic NPs, like decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP production, induction of ROS generation, increased cytoplasmic Ca(2+) content, production of TNF-α and enhanced caspase-3 activity. Taken together, the results explain the toxicity of Si NPs/Ge NPs largely by their surface characteristics, provide insight into the mode of action underlying the observed cytotoxicity, and give directions on synthesizing biocompatible Si and Ge NPs, as this is crucial for bioimaging and other applications in for example the field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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222
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Hsieh SF, Bello D, Schmidt DF, Pal AK, Stella A, Isaacs JA, Rogers EJ. Mapping the biological oxidative damage of engineered nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1853-1865. [PMID: 23423873 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are being introduced into the market rapidly with little understanding of their potential toxicity. Each ENM is a complex combination of diverse sizes, surface chemistries, crystallinity, and metal impurities. Variability in physicochemical properties is poorly understood but is critically important in revealing adverse effects of ENMs. A need also exists for discovering broad relationships between variations in these physicochemical parameters and toxicological endpoints of interest. Biological oxidative damage (BOD) has been recognized as a key mechanism of nanotoxicity. An assortment of 138 ENMs representing major classes are evaluated for BOD elicited (net decrease in the antioxidant capacity of ENM-exposed human blood serum, as compare to unexposed serum) using the 'Ferric Reducing Ability of Serum' (FRAS) assay. This robust and high-throughput approach has the ability to determine the co-effects which multiple physicochemical characteristics impart on oxidative potential, and subsequently to identify and quantify the influence of individual factors. FRAS BOD approach demonstrated the potential for preliminary evaluation of potential toxicity of ENMs, mapping the within- and between-class variability of ENMs, ranking the potential toxicity by material class, and prioritizing the ENMs for further toxicity evaluation and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Feng Hsieh
- Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, School of Health and Environment, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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223
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Bregoli L, Benetti F, Venturini M, Sabbioni E. ECSIN's methodological approach for hazard evaluation of engineered nanomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/429/1/012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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224
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Qiao Y, An J, Ma L. Single Cell Array Based Assay for in Vitro Genotoxicity Study of Nanomaterials. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4107-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400242w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiao
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Jincui An
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Liyuan Ma
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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225
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Herzog F, Clift MJD, Piccapietra F, Behra R, Schmid O, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Exposure of silver-nanoparticles and silver-ions to lung cells in vitro at the air-liquid interface. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:11. [PMID: 23557437 PMCID: PMC3639923 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to its antibacterial properties, silver (Ag) has been used in more consumer products than any other nanomaterial so far. Despite the promising advantages posed by using Ag-nanoparticles (NPs), their interaction with mammalian systems is currently not fully understood. An exposure route via inhalation is of primary concern for humans in an occupational setting. Aim of this study was therefore to investigate the potential adverse effects of aerosolised Ag-NPs using a human epithelial airway barrier model composed of A549, monocyte derived macrophage and dendritic cells cultured in vitro at the air-liquid interface. Cell cultures were exposed to 20 nm citrate-coated Ag-NPs with a deposition of 30 and 278 ng/cm2 respectively and incubated for 4 h and 24 h. To elucidate whether any effects of Ag-NPs are due to ionic effects, Ag-Nitrate (AgNO3) solutions were aerosolised at the same molecular mass concentrations. Results Agglomerates of Ag-NPs were detected at 24 h post exposure in vesicular structures inside cells but the cellular integrity was not impaired upon Ag-NP exposures. Minimal cytotoxicity, by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase, could only be detected following a higher concentrated AgNO3-solution. A release of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-8 was neither observed upon Ag-NP and AgNO3 exposures as well as was not affected when cells were pre-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Also, an induction of mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-8, could only be observed for the highest AgNO3 concentration alone or even significantly increased when pre-stimulated with LPS after 4 h. However, this effect disappeared after 24 h. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers (HMOX-1, SOD-1) were expressed after 4 h in a concentration dependent manner following AgNO3 exposures only. Conclusions With an experimental setup reflecting physiological exposure conditions in the human lung more realistic, the present study indicates that Ag-NPs do not cause adverse effects and cells were only sensitive to high Ag-ion concentrations. Chronic exposure scenarios however, are needed to reveal further insight into the fate of Ag-NPs after deposition and cell interactions.
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226
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Ashfaq M, Singh S, Sharma A, Verma N. Cytotoxic Evaluation of the Hierarchical Web of Carbon Micronanofibers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303273s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ashfaq
- Center
for Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Center for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Shiv Singh
- Center
for Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Center for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Center
for Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Center for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nishith Verma
- Center
for Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Center for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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227
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Alarifi S, Ali D, Alkahtani S, Verma A, Ahamed M, Ahmed M, Alhadlaq HA. Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:983-93. [PMID: 23493450 PMCID: PMC3593769 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles worldwide exposes humans to their adverse effects, so it is important to understand their biological effects and any associated risks. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by ZnO nanoparticles in human skin melanoma (A375) cells. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] and lactate dehydrogenase-based cell viability assays showed a significant decrease in cell viability after exposure to ZnO nanoparticles, and phase contrast images revealed that cells treated with these nanoparticles had a lower density and a rounded morphology. ZnO nanoparticles were also found to induce oxidative stress, evidenced by generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of the antioxidant, glutathione. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by chromosomal condensation assay and caspase-3 activation. Further, more DNA damage was observed in cells exposed to the highest concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticles have genotoxic potential in A375 cells, which may be mediated via oxidative stress. Our short-term exposure study showing induction of a genotoxic and apoptotic response to ZnO nanoparticles needs further investigation to determine whether there may be consequences of long-term exposure to ZnO nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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228
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Guo D, Bi H, Liu B, Wu Q, Wang D, Cui Y. Reactive oxygen species-induced cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rat retinal ganglion cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:731-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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229
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Armand L, Dagouassat M, Belade E, Simon-Deckers A, Le Gouvello S, Tharabat C, Duprez C, Andujar P, Pairon JC, Boczkowski J, Lanone S. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Matrix Metalloprotease 1 in Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts Partly via an Interleukin-1β–Dependent Mechanism. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:354-63. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0099oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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230
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Deriving TC50 values of nanoparticles from electrochemical monitoring of lactate dehydrogenase activity indirectly. Methods Mol Biol 2013. [PMID: 22975960 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Nanotoxicity assessment methods for nanoparticles (NPs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nano-Al(2)O(3), and tridecameric aluminum polycation or nanopolynuclear (nano-Al(13)), particularly lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays are reviewed. Our researches on electrochemically monitoring the variations of LDH activity indirectly in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nano-Al(13), and nano-Al(2)O(3) separately to derive toxic concentrations of NPs altering LDH activity by 50% (TC(50)) values are discussed. TC(50) values indicated that the toxicity order was Al (III)> MWCNTs > nano-Al(13) > nano-Al(2)O(3). Zeta potentials (ζ) data of these NPs in the literature proved that the surfaces of these NPs are charged negatively. Negatively charged surfaces might be a main cause in the reduction of LDH activity. Therefore, the classic LDH assays are doubtful to underestimate the nanotoxicities when they are applied to those NPs with negatively charged surfaces. These observations highlight and reconcile some contradictory results at present such as medium-dependent toxicity of NPs among the literature and develop novel analytical methods for evaluation of toxicities of NPs.
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231
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Gilbert E, Pirot F, Bertholle V, Roussel L, Falson F, Padois K. Commonly used UV filter toxicity on biological functions: review of last decade studies. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:208-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gilbert
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
| | | | - V. Bertholle
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
| | - L. Roussel
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
| | - F. Falson
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
| | - K. Padois
- Fonctions normales et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle; Université de Lyon 1; EA 4169, ISPB, 8, avenue Rockefeller; 69373; Lyon Cedex 08; France
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232
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Bhattacharjee S, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H, Woutersen RA, Rietjens IMCM, Alink GM. Role of surface charge in bioavailability and biodistribution of tri-block copolymer nanoparticles in rats after oral exposure. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx20072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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233
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234
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Hong TK, Tripathy N, Son HJ, Ha KT, Jeong HS, Hahn YB. A comprehensive in vitro and in vivo study of ZnO nanoparticles toxicity. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2985-2992. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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235
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Rebuttini V, Pucci A, Arosio P, Bai X, Locatelli E, Pinna N, Lascialfari A, Franchini MC. Zirconia-doped nanoparticles: organic coating, polymeric entrapment and application as dual-imaging agents. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:919-923. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00208f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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236
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Effect of nanoparticles and environmental particles on a cocultures model of the air-blood barrier. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:801214. [PMID: 23509780 PMCID: PMC3591223 DOI: 10.1155/2013/801214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to engineered nanoparticles (NPs) and to ambient particles (PM) has increased significantly. During the last decades the application of nano-objects to daily-life goods and the emissions produced in highly urbanized cities have considerably augmented. As a consequence, the understanding of the possible effects of NPs and PM on human respiratory system and particularly on the air-blood barrier (ABB) has become of primary interest. The crosstalk between lung epithelial cells and underlying endothelial cells is indeed essential in determining the effects of inhaled particles. Here we report the effects of metal oxides NPs (CuO and TiO2) and of PM on an in vitro model of the ABB constituted by the type II epithelial cell line (NCI-H441) and the endothelial one (HPMEC-ST1.6R). The results demonstrate that apical exposure of alveolar cells induces significant modulation of proinflammatory proteins also in endothelial cells.
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237
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Perreault F, Pedroso Melegari S, Henning da Costa C, de Oliveira Franco Rossetto AL, Popovic R, Gerson Matias W. Genotoxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles in Neuro 2A cell cultures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 441:117-24. [PMID: 23137976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are used for their biocide potential however they were also shown to be highly toxic to mammalian cells. Therefore, the effects of CuO NPs should be carefully investigated to determine the most sensitive processes for CuO NP toxicity. In this study, the genotoxicity of CuO NPs was investigated in vitro, using the mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2A. Genotoxic effects related to DNA fragmentation, DNA methylation and chromosomal damage, as well as lipid peroxidation, were investigated and compared to cytotoxic effects, measured by the mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide into formazan. Based on mitochondrial activity, CuO NPs were found to be cytotoxic. At the highest concentration tested (400 mg l⁻¹), 63% of cell viability was found in Neuro-2A cells after 24 h of treatment to CuO NPs. CuO NPs were also found to induce DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and micronucleus formation. The micronucleus assay was the most sensitive to evaluate CuO NP genotoxicity and micronucleus frequency was increased significantly at 12.5 mg l⁻¹ CuO NPs after 24h of treatment. At this concentration, no significant change of cell viability was found using the mitochondrial activity assay. These results highlight the important risk of genotoxic effects of CuO NPs and show that genotoxicity assays are a sensitive approach to evaluate the risk of CuO NP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Perreault
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, LABTOX-Depto. de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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238
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Minocha S, Mumper RJ. Effect of carbon coating on the physico-chemical properties and toxicity of copper and nickel nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3289-3299. [PMID: 22837153 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of these interdisciplinary studies is to investigate the effect of surface carbon coating on the physico-chemical properties and toxicity of carbon-coated and noncoated copper and nickel nanoparticles (C-Cu, Cu, C-Ni, Ni NPs) in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Compared to Cu NPs, C-Cu NPs exhibit protection against surface oxidation, tenfold higher cellular uptake, and fourfold lower release of soluble Cu. The toxicity of C-Cu NPs and Cu NPs is associated with pronounced damage to mitochondrial function and plasma membrane integrity, respectively. Compared to Cu and C-Cu NPs, Ni and C-Ni NPs are less toxic. These studies demonstrate that correlations can be drawn between physico-chemical properties and resultant toxicity of NPs as a function of surface carbon coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Minocha
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and the Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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239
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Dekali S, Divetain A, Kortulewski T, Vanbaelinghem J, Gamez C, Rogerieux F, Lacroix G, Rat P. Cell cooperation and role of the P2X7receptor in pulmonary inflammation induced by nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1302-14. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.735269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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240
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Alinejad Y, Faucheux N, Soucy G. Induction thermal plasma process modifies the physicochemical properties of materials used for carbon nanotube production, influencing their cytotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1225-43. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.733037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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241
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Genter MB, Newman NC, Shertzer HG, Ali SF, Bolon B. Distribution and systemic effects of intranasally administered 25 nm silver nanoparticles in adult mice. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:1004-13. [PMID: 22549977 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312444470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous work indicates that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) given IP to mice alter the regulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes in brain. Here we assessed the distribution and toxic potential of AgNP following intranasal (IN) exposure. Adult male C57BL/6J mice received 25-nm AgNP (100 or 500 mg/kg) once IN. After 1 or 7 days, histopathology of selected organs was performed, and tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured as an indicator of oxidative stress. Aggregated AgNP were found in spleen, lung, kidney, and nasal airway by routine light microscopy. Splenic AgNP accumulation was greatest in red pulp and occurred with modestly reduced cellularity and elevated hemosiderin deposition. Aggregated AgNP were not associated with microscopic changes in other tissues except for nasal mucosal erosions. Autometallography revealed AgNP in olfactory bulb and the lateral brain ventricles. Neither inflammatory cell infiltrates nor activated microglia were detected in brains of AgNP-treated mice. Elevated tissue GSH levels was observed in nasal epithelia (both doses at 1 day, 500 mg/kg at 7 days) and blood (500 mg/kg at 7 days). Therefore, IN administration of AgNP permits systemic distribution, produces reversible oxidative stress in the nose and in blood, and mildly enhances macrophage-mediated erythrocyte destruction in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
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242
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Otero-González L, Sierra-Alvarez R, Boitano S, Field JA. Application and validation of an impedance-based real time cell analyzer to measure the toxicity of nanoparticles impacting human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10271-10278. [PMID: 22916708 DOI: 10.1021/es301599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are increasingly used in a variety of industrial processes and consumer products. There are growing concerns about the potential impacts for public health and environment of engineered nanoparticles. The aim of this work was to evaluate a novel impedance-based real time cell analyzer (RTCA) as a high-throughput method for screening the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and to validate the RTCA results using a conventional cytotoxicity test (MTT). A collection of 11 inorganic nanomaterials (Ag(0), Al(2)O(3), CeO(2), Fe(0), Fe(2)O(3), HfO(2), Mn(2)O(3), SiO(2), TiO(2), ZnO, and ZrO(2)) were tested for potential cytotoxicity to a human bronchial epithelial cell, 16HBE14o-. The data collected by the RTCA system was compared to results obtained using a more traditional methyl tetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxicity assay at selected time points following application of nanomaterials. The most toxic nanoparticles were ZnO, Mn(2)O(3) and Ag(0), with 50% response at concentrations lower than 75 mg/L. There was a good correlation in cytotoxicity measurements between the two methods; however, the RTCA method maintained a distinct advantage in continually following cytotoxicity over time. The results demonstrate the potential and validity of the impedance-based RTCA technique to rapidly screen for nanoparticle toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Otero-González
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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243
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Singh RP, Ramarao P. Cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking and cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2012; 213:249-59. [PMID: 22820426 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are used in consumer products and wound dressings due to their antimicrobial properties. However, in addition to toxic effects on microbes, Ag NPs can also induce stress responses as well as cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. We observed that Ag NPs are efficiently internalized via scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis in murine macrophages. Confocal and electron microscopy analysis revealed that internalized Ag NPs localize in the cytoplasm. Ag NPs cause mitochondrial damage, induce apoptosis and cell death. These effects were abrogated in presence of Ag ion-reactive, thiol-containing compounds suggesting the central of Ag ions in Ag NP toxicity. Quantitative image analysis revealed that intracellular dissolution of Ag NPs occurs about 50 times faster than in water. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that Ag NPs are internalized by scavenger receptors, trafficked to cytoplasm and induce toxicity by releasing Ag ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Preet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160 062, India.
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244
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Adamcakova-Dodd A, Stebounova LV, O'Shaughnessy PT, Kim JS, Grassian VH, Thorne PS. Murine pulmonary responses after sub-chronic exposure to aluminum oxide-based nanowhiskers. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:22. [PMID: 22713230 PMCID: PMC3478979 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aluminum oxide-based nanowhiskers (AO nanowhiskers) have been used in manufacturing processes as catalyst supports, flame retardants, adsorbents, or in ceramic, metal and plastic composite materials. They are classified as high aspect ratio nanomaterials. Our aim was to assess in vivo toxicity of inhaled AO nanowhisker aerosols. Methods Primary dimensions of AO nanowhiskers specified by manufacturer were 2–4 nm x 2800 nm. The aluminum content found in this nanomaterial was 30% [mixed phase material containing Al(OH)3 and AlOOH]. Male mice (C57Bl/6 J) were exposed to AO nanowhiskers for 4 hrs/day, 5 days/wk for 2 or 4 wks in a dynamic whole body exposure chamber. The whiskers were aerosolized with an acoustical dry aerosol generator that included a grounded metal elutriator and a venturi aspirator to enhance deagglomeration. Average concentration of aerosol in the chamber was 3.3 ± 0.6 mg/m3 and the mobility diameter was 150 ± 1.6 nm. Both groups of mice (2 or 4 wks exposure) were necropsied immediately after the last exposure. Aluminum content in the lung, heart, liver, and spleen was determined. Pulmonary toxicity assessment was performed by evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (enumeration of total and differential cells, total protein, activity of lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and cytokines), blood (total and differential cell counts), lung histopathology and pulmonary mechanics. Results Following exposure, mean Al content of lungs was 0.25, 8.10 and 15.37 μg/g lung (dry wt) respectively for sham, 2 wk and 4 wk exposure groups. The number of total cells and macrophages in BAL fluid was 2-times higher in animals exposed for 2 wks and 6-times higher in mice exposed for 4 wks, compared to shams (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). However no neutrophilic inflammation in BAL fluid was found and neutrophils were below 1% in all groups. No significant differences were found in total protein, activity of LDH, or cytokines levels (IL-6, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, TNF-α, and MIP-2) between shams and exposed mice. Conclusions Sub-chronic inhalation exposures to aluminum-oxide based nanowhiskers induced increased lung macrophages, but no inflammatory or toxic responses were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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245
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Khatri M, Bello D, Gaines P, Martin J, Pal AK, Gore R, Woskie S. Nanoparticles from photocopiers induce oxidative stress and upper respiratory tract inflammation in healthy volunteers. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1014-27. [PMID: 22632457 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.691998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photocopiers emit large quantities of nanoparticles (NPs); however, their toxicological properties have not been studied. Here we investigate for the first time early human responses following a day's exposure to NPs from photocopiers. Nine healthy subjects spent 6 h at a busy photocopy centre on 2-3 randomly selected days. Matched nasal lavage and urine samples were collected before and at different time points post-exposure. Nasal lavage samples were analysed for 14 cytokines, inflammatory cells and total protein. Urine samples were analysed for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). Exposure assessment was conducted using a suite of instruments. The mean total particle number on exposure days was >5 times higher than background, with size distributions in nanoscale range (peak 30-40 nm). Following exposure, 8-OH-dG and several pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated 2-10 folds compared with pre-exposure levels and remained elevated for up to 36 h. We conclude that NPs from photocopiers induce upper airway inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khatri
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts-Lowell , Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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246
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Xue Y, Zhang S, Huang Y, Zhang T, Liu X, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Tang M. Acute toxic effects and gender-related biokinetics of silver nanoparticles following an intravenous injection in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 32:890-9. [PMID: 22522906 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the acute toxicity and biokinetics of intravenously administered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in mice. Mice were exposed to different dosages of AgNPs (7.5, 30 or 120 mg kg(-1) ). Toxic effects were assessed via general behavior, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological observation of the mice. Biokinetics and tissue distribution of AgNPs were evaluated at a dose of 120 mg kg(-1) in both male and female mice. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine silver concentrations in blood and tissue samples collected at predetermined time intervals. After 2 weeks, AgNPs exerted no obvious acute toxicity in the mice. However, inflammatory reactions in lung and liver cells were induced in mice treated at the 120 mg kg(-1) dose level. The highest silver levels were observed in the spleen, followed by liver, lungs and kidneys. The elimination half-lives and clearance of AgNPs were 15.6 h and 1.0 ml h(-1) g(-1) for male mice and 29.9 h and 0.8 ml h(-1) g(-1) for female mice. These results indicated that AgNPs could be distributed extensively to various tissues in the body, but primarily in the spleen and liver. Furthermore, there appears to be gender-related differences in the biokinetic profiles in blood and distribution in lungs and kidneys following an intravenous injection of AgNPs. The data from this study provides information on toxicity and biodistribution of AgNPs following intravenous administration in mice, which represents the worst case scenario of toxicity among all the different administration routes, and may shed light in the future use of products containing AgNPs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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247
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Shi M, Kwon HS, Peng Z, Elder A, Yang H. Effects of surface chemistry on the generation of reactive oxygen species by copper nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2157-64. [PMID: 22390268 PMCID: PMC3314088 DOI: 10.1021/nn300445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mercaptocarboxylic acids with different carbon chain lengths were used for stabilizing uniform 15 nm copper nanoparticles. The effects of surface chemistry such as ligand type and surface oxidation on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the copper nanoparticles were examined. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV-vis spectroscopy, and an acellular ROS assay show that ROS generation is closely related to the surface oxidation of copper nanoparticles. It was found that the copper nanoparticles with longer chain ligands had surfaces that were better protected from oxidation and a corresponding lower ROS generating capacity than did particles with shorter chain ligands. Conversely, the copper nanoparticles with greater surface oxidation also had higher ROS generating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Gavett Hall 206, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Hyun Soo Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Gavett Hall 206, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Zhenmeng Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Gavett Hall 206, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Gavett Hall 206, Rochester, NY 14627
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248
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Napierska D, Thomassen LCJ, Vanaudenaerde B, Luyts K, Lison D, Martens JA, Nemery B, Hoet PHM. Cytokine production by co-cultures exposed to monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles: the role of size and surface area. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:98-104. [PMID: 22445670 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the influence of nanoparticle size and surface area (SA) on cytokine secretion by co-cultures of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549), macrophages (differentiated THP-1 cells) and endothelium cells (EA.hy926) in a two-compartment system. We used monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles (2, 16, 60 and 104 nm) at concentrations of 5 μg/cm² cell culture SA or 10 cm² particle SA/cm². A549 and THP-1 cells were exposed to nanoparticles for 24h, in the presence of EA.hy926 cells cultured in an insert introduced above the bi-culture after 12h. Supernatants from both compartments were recovered and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1α were measured. Significant secretion of all cytokines was observed for the 2 nm particles at both concentrations and in both compartments. Larger particles of 60 nm induced significant cytokine secretion at the dose of 10 cm² particle SA/cm². The use of multiple cellular types showed that cytokine secretion in single cell cultures is amplified or mitigated in co-cultures. The release of pro-inflammatory mediators by endothelial cells not directly exposed to nanoparticles indicates a possible endothelium activation after inhalation of silica particles. This work shows the role of size and SA in cellular response to amorphous nanosilica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Napierska
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Research Unit for Lung Toxicology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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249
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Yang X, Liu X, Lu H, Zhang X, Ma L, Gao R, Zhang Y. Real-Time Investigation of Acute Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles on Human Lung Epithelia with Hopping Probe Ion Conductance Microscopy. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:297-304. [PMID: 22191635 DOI: 10.1021/tx2004823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma
Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, People's Republic of China 300052
| | - Xiao Liu
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Hujie Lu
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Liying Ma
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Ruiling Gao
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma
Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, People's Republic of China 300052
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Turyanska L, Bradshaw TD, Li M, Bardelang P, Drewe WC, Fay MW, Mann S, Patanè A, Thomas NR. The differential effect of apoferritin-PbS nanocomposites on cell cycle progression in normal and cancerous cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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