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Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral neoplasm, accounting for over 90% of all oral malignancies and 38% of head and neck tumors. Worldwide, OSCC is the eighth most common human cancer, with more than 500,000 new cases being diagnosed every year with a fairly onerous prognosis, encouraging further research on factors that might modify disease outcome. Genetic and/or environmental risk factors associated with the development of oral cancer have been sufficiently understood (smoking, alcohol, betel, diet, living habits, etc.). Knowledge of the genetic basis in oral carcinogenesis is still a challenging task. To improve the diagnosis and prevention, a previously unknown type of chromatin modification, known as epigenetic, which is defined as heritable DNA changes that are not encoded in the sequence itself and which are reversible and increasingly appear to serve fundamental roles in cell differentiation and development are studied. Tumors shed their DNA into the blood and epigenetic changes that occur early during tumorigenesis, sometimes even in premalignant lesions, can provide valuable biomarkers. Key components involved in epigenetic regulation are DNA methylation, histone modifications and modifications in micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs). Epigenetic modifications may contribute to aberrant epigenetic mechanisms seen in oral precancers and cancers. In the near future, epigenetic variations found in oral dysplastic cells can act as a molecular fingerprint for malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Hema
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T Smitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Sheethal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Angeline Mirnalini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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202
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Prophylactic Vaccination Against Papillomavirus-Induced Tumour Disease. Comp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47007-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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203
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Bahkali S, Househ M, Bawazir A, Khalifa M, Sheikh M. The Role of Primary Health Care in Prevention, Early Detection, and Control of Cancer. Oncology 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the incidence is growing. Recent evidence shows a reduced risk of dying from cancer. For years Primary Health Care (PHC) has played a vital role in promoting health, but little has been done in emphasizing its role in reducing the incidence of and mortality from cancer through performing early diagnosis. PHC is directly involved in the initial diagnosis of more than 85% of all cancer cases worldwide (Vedsted & Olesen, 2009). PHC also has an important role in the public awareness about the importance of screening, especially in high-risk patient groups. The interaction between the patient and the health service is crucial in ensuring that relevant alarming symptoms are presented and that action is taken at the earliest possible time. This chapter aims to explore the role of primary healthcare in the prevention, early detection, and control of cancer in a developing nation - Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Bahkali
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mowafa Househ
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin Bawazir
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Khalifa
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
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204
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Kim SM. Human papilloma virus in oral cancer. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 42:327-336. [PMID: 28053902 PMCID: PMC5206237 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2016.42.6.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women, and it arises from cells that originate in the cervix uteri. Among several causes of cervical malignancies, infection with some types of human papilloma virus (HPV) is well known to be the greatest cervical cancer risk factor. Over 150 subtypes of HPV have been identified; more than 40 types of HPVs are typically transmitted through sexual contact and infect the anogenital region and oral cavity. The recently introduced vaccine for HPV infection is effective against certain subtypes of HPV that are associated with cervical cancer, genital warts, and some less common cancers, including oropharyngeal cancer. Two HPV vaccines, quadrivalent and bivalent types that use virus-like particles (VLPs), are currently used in the medical commercial market. While the value of HPV vaccination for oral cancer prevention is still controversial, some evidence supports the possibility that HPV vaccination may be effective in reducing the incidence of oral cancer. This paper reviews HPV-related pathogenesis in cancer, covering HPV structure and classification, trends in worldwide applications of HPV vaccines, effectiveness and complications of HPV vaccination, and the relationship of HPV with oral cancer prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Min Kim
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction Lab, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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205
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Ragin C, Liu JC, Jones G, Shoyele O, Sowunmi B, Kennett R, Groen HJM, Gibbs D, Blackman E, Esan M, Brandwein MS, Devarajan K, Bussu F, Chernock R, Chien CY, Cohen MA, Samir EM, Mikio S, D'Souza G, Funchain P, Eng C, Gollin SM, Hong A, Jung YS, Krüger M, Lewis J, Morbini P, Landolfo S, Rittà M, Straetmans J, Szarka K, Tachezy R, Worden FP, Nelson D, Gathere S, Taioli E. Prevalence of HPV Infection in Racial-Ethnic Subgroups of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Carcinogenesis 2016; 38:218-229. [PMID: 28025390 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The landscape of HPV infection in racial/ethnic subgroups of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients has not been evaluated carefully. In this study, a meta-analysis examined the prevalence of HPV in HNC patients of African ancestry. Additionally, a pooled analysis of subject-level data was also performed to investigate HPV prevalence and patterns of p16 (CDNK2A) expression amongst different racial groups. Eighteen publications (N = 798 Black HNC patients) were examined in the meta-analysis, and the pooled analysis included 29 datasets comprised of 3,129 HNC patients of diverse racial/ethnic background. The meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of HPV16 was higher among Blacks with oropharyngeal cancer than Blacks with non-oropharyngeal cancer. However, there was great heterogeneity observed among studies (Q test P<0.0001). In the pooled analysis, after adjusting for each study, year of diagnosis, age, gender and smoking status, the prevalence of HPV16/18 in oropharyngeal cancer patients was highest in Whites (61.1%), followed by 58.0% in Blacks and 25.2% in Asians (P<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in HPV16/18 prevalence in non-oropharyngeal cancer by race (P=0.682). With regard to the pattern of HPV16/18 status and p16 expression, White patients had the highest proportion of HPV16/18+/p16+ oropharyngeal cancer (52.3%), while Asians and Blacks had significantly lower proportions (23.0% and 22.6%, respectively) [P <0.0001]. Our findings suggest that the pattern of HPV16/18 status and p16 expression in oropharyngeal cancer appears to differ by race and this may contribute to survival disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ragin
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center - Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Temple University; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gieira Jones
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olubunmi Shoyele
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western Connecticut Health Network, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Bukola Sowunmi
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center - Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Kennett
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center - Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry J M Groen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denise Gibbs
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center - Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blackman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center - Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Esan
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center - Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret S Brandwein
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, SUNY at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center - Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesco Bussu
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca Chernock
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Marc A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - El-Mofty Samir
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suzuki Mikio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gypsyamber D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pauline Funchain
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susanne M Gollin
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Angela Hong
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuh-S Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Maximilian Krüger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - James Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Patrizia Morbini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Pathology, University of Pavia, and à IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jos Straetmans
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, GROW Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Krisztina Szarka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francis P Worden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deborah Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Gathere
- Non Communicable Diseases Research Programme, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Departments of Population Health Science and Policy, of Thoracic Surgery, and Institute For Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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206
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Enzenhofer E, Parzefall T, Haymerle G, Schneider S, Kadletz L, Heiduschka G, Pammer J, Oberndorfer F, Wrba F, Loader B, Grasl MC, Perisanidis C, Erovic BM. Impact of Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Expression on Outcome in HPV Negative Head and Neck Carcinoma Patients after Surgery and Adjuvant Radiotherapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167665. [PMID: 27918595 PMCID: PMC5137890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HPV positive patients suffering from head and neck cancer benefit from intensified radiotherapy when applied as a primary as well as an adjuvant treatment strategy. However, HPV negative patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy lack validated prognostic biomarkers. It is therefore important to define prognostic biomarkers in this particular patient population. Especially, ´high-risk groups´ need to be defined in order to adapt treatment protocols. Since dysregulation of the sonic hedgehog pathway plays an important role in carcinogenesis, we aimed to assess whether members of the sonic hedgehog-signaling pathway may act as prognostic factors in patients with HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, pretreatment tumor biopsies of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were taken during panendoscopy (2005 to 2008). All patients were treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. After assessment of HPV and p16 status, protein expression profiles of the Sonic hedgehog-signaling pathway were determined by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray analyses in 36 HPV negative tumor biopsies. Expression profiles of Sonic hedgehog, Indian hedgehog, Patched, Smoothened, Gli-1, Gli-2 and Gli-3 were correlated with patients´ clinical data, local-control rate, disease-free as well as overall survival. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas databank were used for external validation of our results. RESULTS Gli-1 (p = 0.04) and Gli-2 (p = 0.02) overexpression was significantly linked to improved overall survival of HPV negative patients. Gli-2 (p = 0.04) overexpression correlated significantly with prolonged disease-free survival. Cox-multivariate analysis showed that overexpression of Gli-2 correlated independently (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.16-0.95, p = 0.03) with increased overall survival. DISCUSSION Gli-1 and Gli-2 overexpression represents a substantial prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced HPV negative head and neck cancer undergoing surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Enzenhofer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Parzefall
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Haymerle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Schneider
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pammer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Fritz Wrba
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Loader
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Christoph Grasl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christos Perisanidis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boban M. Erovic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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207
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Prigge ES, Arbyn M, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Reuschenbach M. Diagnostic accuracy of p16 INK4a immunohistochemistry in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:1186-1198. [PMID: 27859245 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) causality in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) is likely to influence therapeutic decisions in affected patients in the near future. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify HPV-induced OPSCC. We identified all studies that performed p16INK4a IHC (index test) and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection using an amplification-based method (gold standard to indicate a transforming relevance of HPV) in OPSCC. Testing with one or more comparator tests (HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing) was an optional criterion for inclusion. Among 1,636 retrieved studies 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity of p16INK4a IHC, HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA ISH and p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing was 94% (95%-confidence interval (CI) 91-97%), 98% (CI 94-100%), 85% (CI 76-92%) and 93% (CI 87-97%), respectively. The pooled specificity was 83% (CI 78-88%), 84% (CI 74-92%), 88% (CI 78-96%) and 96% (CI 89-100%), respectively. p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing was as sensitive as either p16INK4a IHC or HPV DNA PCR alone but significantly more specific than either separate test. In conclusion, p16INK4a IHC is highly sensitive but moderately specific to diagnose HPV-transformed OPSCC when used as a single test. Combined p16INK4a IHC and HPV DNA PCR testing significantly enhances specificity while maintaining high sensitivity. This diagnostic test combination thus represents an attractive testing strategy for the reliable diagnosis of HPV-induced OPSCC in the clinical setting and may constitute an inclusion criterion for future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Belgian Cancer Centre and Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, B1050, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Miriam Reuschenbach
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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208
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Site-specific methylation patterns of theGALandGALR1/2genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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209
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Gomez-Millan J, Pajares B, Perez-Villa L, Carnero A, Alvarez M, De Luque V, Rivas F, Trigo JM, Toledo MD, Alba E, Medina JA. Subcellular localisation of pMEK has a different prognosis in locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:829. [PMID: 27793200 PMCID: PMC5084350 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MEK1 (MAP2K1) and MEK2 (MAP2K2) are closely related dual-specificity protein kinases which function by phosphorylating both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues of their substrates ERK1 and ERK2, controlling fundamental cellular processes that include cell growth and proliferation. To investigate the prognostic significance of pMEK expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm among patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concurrent radiochemotherapy. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on the retrieved archival tissue of 96 patients to detect pMEK, p53 and Ki-67. Results Sixty-six percent of patients were positive for pMEK expression in the nucleus and 41 % in cytoplasm. On univariate analysis, high nuclear pMEK was predictive of worse 5y-DFS and 5y-OS, with a trend to significance (26 % vs. 41 %, p = 0.09; 36 % vs. 47 %, p = 0.07). High cytoplasmic pMEK was predictive of better 5-y OS and 5-y DFS outcomes (61 % vs. 27 %, p = 0.01; 46 % vs. 22 %, p = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, low cytoplasmic pMEK and high nuclear pMEK predicted worse DFS and OS (p = 0.01; p = 0.04 and p = 0.02; p = 0.02 respectively). Conclusions Subcellular localisation of pMEK has different prognosis in locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with radiochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gomez-Millan
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
| | - B Pajares
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
| | - L Perez-Villa
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - A Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas, Campus Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda, Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Alvarez
- Pathology Department, Facultad de Medicina, UMA, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - V De Luque
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - F Rivas
- Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol, Unidad de Investigación, Autovia A-7, Km 187, 29063, Marbella, Málaga, Spain.,Red Nacional de Investigación de Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Trigo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - M D Toledo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - E Alba
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - J A Medina
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
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210
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Fernández-López C, Morales-Angulo C. Otorhinolaryngology manifestations secondary to oral sex. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2016; 68:169-180. [PMID: 27793330 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last few years, oral and pharyngeal signs and symptoms due to oral sex have increased significantly. However, no review articles related to this subject have been found in the medical literature. The objective of our study was to identify otorhinolaryngological manifestations associated with orogenital/oroanal contact, both in adults and children, in the context of consensual sex or sexual abuse. METHODS We performed a review of the medical literature on otorhinolaryngological pathology associated with oral sex published in the last 20 years in the PubMed database. RESULTS Otorhinolaryngological manifestations secondary to oral sex practice in adults can be infectious, tumoral or secondary to trauma. The more common signs and symptoms found in the literature were human papillomavirus infection (above all, condyloma acuminata and papilloma/condyloma), oral or pharyngeal syphilis, gonococcal pharyngitis, herpes simplex virus infection and pharyngitis from Chlamydia trachomatis. The incidence of human papillomavirus -induced oropharyngeal carcinoma has dramatically increased. In children past the neonatal period, the presence of condyloma acuminatus, syphilis, gonorrhoea or palatal ecchymosis (the last one, unless justified by other causes) should make us suspect sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS Sexual habits have changed in the last decades, resulting in the appearance of otorhinolaryngological pathology that was rarely seen previously. For this reason, it is important for primary care physicians to have knowledge about the subject to perform correct diagnosis and posterior treatment. Some sexual abuse cases in children may also be suspected based on the knowledge of the characteristic oropharyngeal manifestations secondary to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fernández-López
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, HUMV Santander, IDIVAL, Cantabria, Santander, España
| | - Carmelo Morales-Angulo
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, HUMV Santander, IDIVAL, Cantabria, Santander, España.
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211
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Vaccination Against Human Papilloma Viruses Leads to a Favorable Cytokine Profile of Specific T Cells. J Immunother 2016; 39:316-20. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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212
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Jung AC, Ray AM, Ramolu L, Macabre C, Simon F, Noulet F, Blandin AF, Renner G, Lehmann M, Choulier L, Kessler H, Abecassis J, Dontenwill M, Martin S. Caveolin-1-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma primary tumors display increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition and prometastatic properties. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41884-901. [PMID: 26474461 PMCID: PMC4747196 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastases arise in 20-30% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) in the 2 years following treatment. Therapeutic options are limited and the outcome of the patients is poor. The identification of predictive biomarkers of patient at risk for distant metastasis and therapies are urgently needed. We previously identified a clinical subgroup, called "R1" characterized by high propensity for rapid distant metastasis. Here, we showed that "R1" patients do not or at very low level express caveolin-1 (Cav1). Low or no expression of Cav1 is of bad prognosis. Disappearance of Cav1 enables cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is associated with enhanced migration and invasion. Our study uncovered a new target, α5β1 integrin. Targeting α5β1 integrins might not only prevent metastasis of HNSCC but also delay the development of the primary tumor by reducing tumor cell viability. Cav1 detection might be taken into consideration in the future in the clinic not only to identify patients at high risk of metastasis but also to select patient who might benefit from an anti-integrin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, EA 3430 Université de Strasbourg, CRLC Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Université de Strasbourg, LBP, CNRS UMR 7213, Illkirch, France
| | - Ludivine Ramolu
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, EA 3430 Université de Strasbourg, CRLC Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Macabre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, EA 3430 Université de Strasbourg, CRLC Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Simon
- Université de Strasbourg, LBP, CNRS UMR 7213, Illkirch, France
| | - Fanny Noulet
- Université de Strasbourg, LBP, CNRS UMR 7213, Illkirch, France
| | | | | | - Maxime Lehmann
- Université de Strasbourg, LBP, CNRS UMR 7213, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Department Chemie, Garching, Germany
| | - Joseph Abecassis
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, EA 3430 Université de Strasbourg, CRLC Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sophie Martin
- Université de Strasbourg, LBP, CNRS UMR 7213, Illkirch, France
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213
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Sweeny L, Rosenthal EL, Clemons L, Stevens TM, Cook McIntosh ER, Carroll WR. Outcomes after surgical salvage for recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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214
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Perdomo S, Martin Roa G, Brennan P, Forman D, Sierra MS. Head and neck cancer burden and preventive measures in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44 Suppl 1:S43-S52. [PMID: 27678322 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Central and South America comprise one of the areas characterized by high incidence rates for head and neck cancer. We describe the geographical and temporal trends in incidence and mortality of head and neck cancers in the Central and South American region in order to identify opportunities for intervention on the major identified risk factors: tobacco control, alcohol use and viral infections. METHODS We obtained regional- and national-level incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 countries and cancer deaths from the WHO mortality database for 18 countries. Age-standardized incidence (ASR) and mortality (ASMR) rates per 100,000 person-years were estimated. RESULTS Brazil had the highest incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancer in the region for both sexes, followed by Cuba, Uruguay and Argentina. Cuba had the highest incidence and mortality rates of laryngeal cancer in the region for males and females. Overall, males had rates about four times higher than those in females. Most countries in the region have implemented WHO recommendations for both tobacco and alcohol public policy control. CONCLUSION Head and neck squamous-cell cancer (HNSCC) incidence and mortality rates in the Central and South America region vary considerably across countries, with Brazil, Cuba, French Guyana, Uruguay and Argentina experiencing the highest rates in the region. Males carry most of the HNSCC burden. Improvement and implementation of comprehensive tobacco and alcohol control policies as well as the monitoring of these factors are fundamental to prevention of head and neck cancers in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Perdomo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Genetics, France.
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Genetics, France
| | - David Forman
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, France
| | - Mónica S Sierra
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, France
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215
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Ma J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Lv T, Liu J. The Magnitude of the Association between Human Papillomavirus and Oral Lichen Planus: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161339. [PMID: 27571417 PMCID: PMC5003373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in oral lichen planus (OLP) is controversial. Objectives The primary aim of the current study is to calculate the pooled risk estimates of HPV infection in OLP when compared with healthy controls. Methods Bibliographic searches were conducted in three electronic databases. Articles on the association between HPV and OLP were selected from case-control studies or cross-sectional studies, following predefined criteria. Pooled data were analyzed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Of the 233 publications identified, 22 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. Collectively, 835 cases and 734 controls were available for analysis. The summary estimate showed that OLP patients have significantly higher HPV prevalence (OR: 6.83; 95% CI: 4.15–11.27) than healthy controls. In subgroup analyses, the association of HPV and OLP varied significantly by geographic populations. The ORs ranged from 2.43 to 132.04. The correlation of HPV and erosive-atrophic oral lichen planus (EA-OLP) (OR: 9.34) was comparable and well above that of HPV and non-EA-OLP (OR: 4.32). Among HPV genotypes, HPV 16 showed an extremely strong association with OLP (OR: 11.27), and HPV 18 showed a relatively strong one (OR: 6.54). Conclusion In conclusion, a significant association was found between HPV and OLP. The strength of the association varied across geographic populations, clinical types of OLP, and HPV genotypes. The results suggest that HPV might play an important causal role in OLP and in its malignant to progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tangdu hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinshan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tangdu hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Tingting Lv
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tangdu hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tangdu hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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216
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Huang J, Zhang J, Shi C, Liu L, Wei Y. Survival, recurrence and toxicity of HNSCC in comparison of a radiotherapy combination with cisplatin versus cetuximab: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:689. [PMID: 27565887 PMCID: PMC5002133 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based treatment has been considered the standard treatment regimen of HNSCC. Cetuximab is an emerging target therapy that has potential therapeutic benefits over cisplatin. Nevertheless, curative effects of cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) versus cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy (BRT) are still controversial. METHODS Potentially eligible studies were retrieved using PubMed, Embase and Medline. Basic characteristics of patients and statistical data were collected. A meta-analysis model was established to compare CRT and BRT. RESULTS Thirty-one eligible studies and 4212 patients were found. The pooled HRs with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for OS and PFS were 0.32 [0.09, 0.55] and 0.51 [0.22, 0.80], respectively, and both were in favor of cisplatin. However, 3-year survival and recurrence analysis of the subgroups showed no differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). In subgroup analysis, oropharyngeal primary tumors exhibited improved results by cetuximab with a pooled HR of 1.56 [1.14, 2.13] for PFS. Additionally, the HPV+ status was a significant factor in positive outcomes with cetuximab with a pooled HR of 1.12 [0.46, 2.17] for OS. CONCLUSION Long-term use of BRT showed no significant difference compared with CRT, and both arms showed different aspects of toxicity. In subgroup analysis, taking the effects of treatment and adverse events into consideration, cetuximab plus radiation may show superior responses regarding OS and PFS in patients who have HPV+ or primary oropharyngeal HNSCC, respectively, but physicians should administer them with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changle Shi
- West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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217
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Lu W, Feng L, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Li P, Wang Y, Du Y, Chen X, Wu S, Zhao G, Lou W. miR-15a induces cell apoptosis by targeting BCL2L2 and BCL2 in HPV-positive hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2169-76. [PMID: 27573302 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-15a was recently reported in several types of cancers; however, its role in HPV-positive hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) remains obscure. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which miR-15a induces HPV-positive HSCC apoptosis. Synthetic miR-15a mimics were transfected into FaDu cells (HPV-negative), and the miR-15a inhibitor was transfected into HPV-positive HSCC cells. miR-15a expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, and BCL2L2 and BCL2 were analyzed by western blotting. The Hochest 33342/propidium iodide (PI) and caspase-3/-9 assays, and Annexin V staining were used to assess the effect of miR-15a on apoptosis. After transfection, overexpression of miR-15a in the FaDu cells was associated with significantly decreased BCL2L2 and BCL2 expression and a significant increase in the apoptosis rate. The opposite results were observed in HPV-positive HSCC, where downregulation of miR-15a suppressed apoptosis. These findings indicate that miR-15a acts as a tumor suppressor in HPV-positive HSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhao Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Long Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Organism Biology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Organism Biology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Du
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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218
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Rivera-Peña B, Ruíz-Fullana FJ, Vélez-Reyes GL, Rodriguez-Benitez RJ, Marcos-Martínez MJ, Trinidad-Pinedo J, Báez A. HPV-16 infection modifies overall survival of Puerto Rican HNSCC patients. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27559359 PMCID: PMC4995614 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV-16 modifies the overall survival (OS) of patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC). HPV-16 has been established as risk factor for OPSCC, but HPV-16 infection may also reside in the larynx and oral cavity. We evaluated HPV-16 status on OS of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. METHODS HPV-16 infection was confirmed by amplification of E6 and E7 viral oncogenes through PCR assay and E6 IHC in 185 HNSCC samples. Associations between HPV-16 status and clinicopathological parameters were performed using Fisher's exact test and x(2). Survival analysis was completed using Kaplan-Meier estimator and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS OS of HPV-16 positive patients was longer compared to HPV-16 negative patients (P = 0.002). HPV-16 positive tumors of the larynx (LSCC) and pharynx (PSCC) showed improved OS compared to HPV-16 negative tumors. Also, HPV-16 positive patients exposed to radiotherapy presented a better survival. CONCLUSIONS HPV-16 status has a positive prognostic value in HNSCC. Addition of HPV-16 status to the TNM staging can provide better assessment in prognosis and guide treatment for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rivera-Peña
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Francisco J Ruíz-Fullana
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico
| | - Germán L Vélez-Reyes
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rosa J Rodriguez-Benitez
- Department of General Social Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - María J Marcos-Martínez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.,Medical Services Administration, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan Trinidad-Pinedo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico
| | - Adriana Báez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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219
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Singh V, Husain N, Akhtar N, Kumar V, Tewari S, Mishra S, Misra S, Khan MY. Do Human Papilloma Viruses Play Any Role in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in North Indians? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7077-84. [PMID: 26514493 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among males in India. While tobacco and alcohol are main aetiological factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) presence has surprisingly increased in head and neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in the past two decade but its frequency in OSCCS is still uncertain. We aim to explore the frequency of HPV and its major genotypes in North Indian patients and their association with clinicopathological and histopathological features and p16 expression pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group comprised 250 histologically proven cases of OSCC. HPV was detected by real time PCR in tumor biopsy specimens and confirmed by conventional PCR with PGMY09/ PGMY11 primers. Genotyping for high-risk types 16/ 18 was conducted by type specific PCR. p16 expression was assessed by immunohistochemsitry. RESULTS HPV presence was confirmed in 23/250 (9.2%) OSCC cases, of which 30.4% had HPV 16 infection, 17.4%were positive for HPV 18 and 26.1% had co-infections. HPV presence was significantly associated with male gender (p=0.02) and habit of pan masala chewing (p=0.01). HPV positive cases also had a history of tobacco consumption in 91.3% cases. p16 over expression was observed in 39.1% of HPV positive cases but this was not significantly different from negative cases (p=0.54). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of HPV in OSCC is low in North-India and majority of cases are associated with a tobacco habit. It appears that tobacco shows a confounding effect in HPV positive cases and use of p16 protein as a reliable marker to assess the potential etiological role of HPV in OSCC in our population is not suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Singh
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India E-mail :
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220
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Mallen-St Clair J, Alani M, Wang MB, Srivatsan ES. Human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal cancer: The changing face of a disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:141-150. [PMID: 27487173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has brought about an unexpected rise in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) primarily in white males from the ages of 40-55years, with limited exposure to alcohol and tobacco. This subset of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been found to be associated with human papillomavirus infection (HPV). Other Head and Neck Squamous Cell carcinoma (HNSCC) subtypes include oral cavity, hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal SCC which tend to be HPV negative. HPV associated oropharyngeal cancer has proven to differ from alcohol and tobacco associated oropharyngeal carcinoma in regards to the molecular pathophysiology, presentation, epidemiology, prognosis, and improved response to chemoradiation therapy. Given the improved survival of patients with HPV associated SCC, efforts to de-intensify treatment to decrease treatment related morbidity are at the forefront of clinical research. This review will focus on the important differences between HPV and tobacco related oropharyngeal cancer. We will review the molecular pathogenesis of HPV related oropharyngeal cancer with an emphasis on new paradigms for screening and treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mallen-St Clair
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mustafa Alani
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eri S Srivatsan
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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221
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Fundakowski CE, Lango M. Considerations in surgical versus non-surgical management of HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2016; 1:6. [PMID: 31093336 PMCID: PMC6457136 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-016-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Given the marked difference in clinical presentation and treatment response based on human papilloma virus (HPV) status, HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is now viewed as a distinct biologic and clinical entity. HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has increased by nearly 7.5 % per year, from approximately 16 % in the early 1980′s to nearly 70 % today, and is believed will continue to increase dramatically in the coming years. Currently, a myriad of treatment options exist for these patients as many active clinical trials are underway which aim to identify the most appropriate interventions for this unique group of patients. This review aims to provide considerations between surgical and non-surgical management for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Lango
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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222
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Tsimplaki E, Argyri E, Sakellaridis A, Kyrodimos E, Xesfyngi D, Panotopoulou E. Oropharyngeal and laryngeal but not oral cancers are strongly associated with high-risk human papillomavirus in 172 Greek patients. J Med Virol 2016; 89:170-176. [PMID: 27335246 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A strong and consistent association has been reported between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and oropharyngeal cancer, whereas a similar link has not yet been clarified in oral and laryngeal cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between HPV infection and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in Greek patients. Cytological or tissue specimens from 172 cases patients with HNSCC and cytological specimens from 91 control subjects were analyzed for HPV DNA detection and genotyping using a microarray-based assay. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between the presence of HPV infection and HNSCC for each of the tumor site, after adjustment for potential confounders. The adjusted ORs for positivity to high-risk HPV infection for oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer were 20.3 (95% CI: 1.7-250.1) and 22.8 (95% CI: 2.5-206.2), respectively. High-risk HPV infection was not significantly associated with oral cancer. HPV infection was independently associated with poorly differentiated tumors (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1-7.5). Our results suggest a strong association of high-risk HPV infection with oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. J. Med. Virol. 89:170-176, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Tsimplaki
- Department of Virology, "St. Savvas" Regional Anticancer Oncology Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Argyri
- Department of Virology, "St. Savvas" Regional Anticancer Oncology Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Sakellaridis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, "St. Savvas" Regional Anticancer Oncology Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimios Kyrodimos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Xesfyngi
- Department of Radiotherapy, "St. Savvas" Regional Anticancer Oncology Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Panotopoulou
- Department of Virology, "St. Savvas" Regional Anticancer Oncology Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Vojtechova Z, Sabol I, Salakova M, Smahelova J, Zavadil J, Turek L, Grega M, Klozar J, Prochazka B, Tachezy R. Comparison of the miRNA profiles in HPV-positive and HPV-negative tonsillar tumors and a model system of human keratinocyte clones. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:382. [PMID: 27377959 PMCID: PMC4932682 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better insights into the molecular changes involved in virus-associated and -independent head and neck cancer may advance our knowledge of HNC carcinogenesis and identify critical disease biomarkers. Here we aimed to characterize the expression profiles in a matched set of well-characterized HPV-dependent and HPV-independent tonsillar tumors and equivalent immortalized keratinocyte clones to define potential and clinically relevant biomarkers of HNC of different etiology. METHODS Fresh frozen tonsillar cancer tissues were analyzed together with non-malignant tonsillar tissues and compared with cervical tumors and normal cervical tissues. Furthermore, relative miRNAs abundance levels of primary and immortalized human keratinocyte clones were evaluated. The global quantitation of miRNA gene abundance was performed using a TaqMan Low Density Array system. The confirmation of differentially expressed miRNAs was performed on a set of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples enriched for the tumor cell fraction by macrodissection. RESULTS We defined 46 upregulated and 31 downregulated miRNAs characteristic for the HPV-positive tonsillar tumors and 42 upregulated miRNAs and 42 downregulated miRNAs characteristic for HPV-independent tumors. In comparison with the expression profiles in cervical tumors, we defined miR-141-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-302c-3p, and miR-9-5p as specific for HPV induced malignancies. MiR-335-5p, miR-579-3p, and miR-126-5p were shared by the expression profiles of HPV-positive tonsillar tumors and of the HPV immortalized keratinocyte clones, whereas miR-328-3p, miR-34c-3p, and miR-885-5p were shared by the miRNA profiles of HPV-negative tonsillar tumors and the HPV-negative keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS We identified the miRNAs characteristic for HPV-induced tumors and tonsillar tumors of different etiology, and the results were compared with those of the model system. Our report presents the basis for further investigations leading to the identification of clinically relevant diagnostic and/or therapeutic biomarkers for tumors of viral and non-viral etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vojtechova
- />Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, Prague 2, CZ-12820 Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Sabol
- />Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, Prague 2, CZ-12820 Czech Republic
| | - Martina Salakova
- />Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, Prague 2, CZ-12820 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Smahelova
- />Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, Prague 2, CZ-12820 Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- />Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Lubomir Turek
- />Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Marek Grega
- />Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klozar
- />Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumir Prochazka
- />Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, Prague 2, CZ-12820 Czech Republic
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- />Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, Prague 2, CZ-12820 Czech Republic
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Liu K, Chyr J, Zhao W, Zhou X. Immune signaling-based Cascade Propagation approach re-stratifies HNSCC patients. Methods 2016; 111:72-79. [PMID: 27339942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of high-throughput genomic assays and rich electronic medical records allows us to identify cancer subtypes with greater accuracy and resolution. The integration of multiplatform, heterogenous, and high dimensional data remains an enormous challenge in using big data in bioinformatics research. Previous methods have been developed for patient stratification, however, these approaches did not incorporate prior knowledge and offer limited biology insight. New computational methods are needed to better utilize multiple types of information to identify clinically meaningful subtypes. Recent studies have shown that many immune functional genes are associated with cancer progression, recurrence and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, we developed a novel immune signaling based Cascade Propagation (CasP) subtyping approach to stratify HNSCC patients. Unlike previous stratification methods that use only patient genomic data, our approach makes use of prior biological information such as immune signaling and protein-protein interactions, as well as patient survival information. CasP is a multi-step stratification procedure, composed of a dynamic network tree cutting step followed by a mutational stratification step. Using this approach, HNSCC patients were first stratified into clinically relative subgroups with different survival outcomes and distinct immunogenic features. We found that the good outcome of a subgroup of HNSCC patients was due to an enhanced immune response. The gene sets were characterized by a significant activation of T cell receptor signaling pathways, in addition to other important cancer related pathways such as PI3K and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Further stratification of patients based on somatic mutation profiles detected three survival-distinct subnetworks. Our newly developed CasP subtyping approach allowed us to integrate multiple data types and identify clinically relevant subtypes of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Liu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chyr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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225
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Dvoryaninova OY, Chainzonov EL, Litvyakov NV. [The clinical aspects of HPV-positive cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2016; 81:72-77. [PMID: 27166483 DOI: 10.17116/otorino201681172-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review was designed to focus on the prevalence and the magnitude of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) among healthy subjects and patients presenting with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. We compare the data on the relative frequency of HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx in different populations, peculiarities of the clinical course of this pathology, and methods of its treatment. Much emphasis is placed on the specific clinical and morphological features of HPV-positive cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. The general and relapse-free survival rates are considered with special reference to the outcome and prognosis of this disease. The currently accepted approaches to the treatment of HPV-positive cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx are discussed. It is concluded that HPV-positive cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx should be regarded as an autonomous pathological condition requiring specific approaches to its management, such as the application of adequate treatment schemes and algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E L Chainzonov
- Tomsk Research Institute of Oncology, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - N V Litvyakov
- Tomsk Research Institute of Oncology, Tomsk, Russia, 634050; Tomsk National Research University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
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226
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Ahmed HG, Mustafa SA, Warille E. Human papilloma virus attributable head and neck cancer in the sudan assessed by p16INK4A immunostaining. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 13:6083-6. [PMID: 23464408 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to screen for human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) using P16 immunostaining. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 150 samples from patients diagnosed with HNSCCs. HPV status was determined using p16INK4A. RESULTS 31 of the 150 (20.7%) HNSCCs were HPV positive. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of HNSCCs in Sudan are associated with HPV infection. The fact that the prevalence of HPV is high among Sudanese patients with head and neck cancers (HNC) has obvious implications for vaccine therapy.
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227
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Zhang Y, Koneva LA, Virani S, Arthur AE, Virani A, Hall PB, Warden CD, Carey TE, Chepeha DB, Prince ME, McHugh JB, Wolf GT, Rozek LS, Sartor MA. Subtypes of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancers Are Associated with HPV Characteristics, Copy Number Alterations, PIK3CA Mutation, and Pathway Signatures. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4735-45. [PMID: 27091409 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is substantial heterogeneity within human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancer (HNC) tumors that predispose them to different outcomes; however, the molecular heterogeneity in this subgroup is poorly characterized due to various historical reasons. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed unsupervised gene expression clustering on deeply annotated (transcriptome and genome) HPV(+) HNC samples from two cohorts (84 total primary tumors), including 18 HPV(-) HNC samples, to discover subtypes and characterize the differences between subgroups in terms of their HPV characteristics, pathway activity, whole-genome somatic copy number alterations, and mutation frequencies. RESULTS We identified two distinct HPV(+) subtypes (namely HPV-KRT and HPV-IMU). HPV-KRT is characterized by elevated expression of genes in keratinocyte differentiation and oxidation-reduction process, whereas HPV-IMU has strong immune response and mesenchymal differentiation. The differences in expression are likely connected to the differences in HPV characteristics and genomic changes. HPV-KRT has more genic viral integration, lower E2/E4/E5 expression levels, and higher ratio of spliced to full-length HPV oncogene E6 than HPV-IMU; the subgroups also show differences in copy number alterations and mutations, in particular the loss of chr16q in HPV-IMU and gain of chr3q and PIK3CA mutation in HPV-KRT. CONCLUSIONS Our characterization of two subtypes of HPV(+) HNC tumors provides valuable molecular level information that point to two main carcinogenic paths. Together, these results shed light on stratifications of the HPV(+) HNCs and will help to guide personalized care for HPV(+) HNC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4735-45. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lada A Koneva
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shama Virani
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna E Arthur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alisha Virani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pelle B Hall
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles D Warden
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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228
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p53 expression but not p16(INK4A) correlates with human papillomavirus-associated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kazakh population. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:19. [PMID: 27076841 PMCID: PMC4830030 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p16INK4A expression has been used as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical cancer and head and neck cancer. p53 has also been reported as a feasible marker to identify HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma and penile lesions. This study aimed to investigate p16INK4A and p53 expression levels and their correlation with HPV status and clinical parameters in Kazakh patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4A and p53 were evaluated in 163 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kazakh patients. The presence of HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results p16INK4A-positive expression was detected in 19.0 % of patients, and its expression was significantly correlated with a lower frequency of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.038). By contrast no significant association was found between p16INK4A-positive expression and HPV status (correlation coefficient = -0.062, p = 0.499). p16INK4A-positive expression did not affect the odds of tumors being HPV positive (odds ratio [OR] = 0.727 with 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.288–1.836). The sensitivity of p16INK4A-positive expression as an HPV marker was 0.164, with a specificity of 0.788 and a positive predictive value of 0.391. p53-positive expression was present in 88.3 % of all cases. Although no significant correlation with available clinical parameters was found, a significantly inverse correlation was observed between p53 expression and HPV status (correlation coefficient = -0.186, p = 0.039). Moreover, p53-positive expression decreased the odds of tumors being HPV positive (OR = 0.292 with 95 % CI = 0.086–0.990). The sensitivity of p53-negative expression as an HPV marker was 0.179, with a specificity of 0.940 and a positive predictive value of 0.714. The overall HPV prevalence was high (45.5 %) in Kazakh patients, with no significant association between HPV positivity and available clinical parameters or combined p16INK4A/p53 expression. Conclusions p16INK4A-positive expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Results indicate that p53-negative expression and not p16INK4A-positive expression may be used as a marker for HPV status in ESCC; however, this finding requires further studies for validation.
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229
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Zhai L, Tumban E. Gardasil-9: A global survey of projected efficacy. Antiviral Res 2016; 130:101-9. [PMID: 27040313 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of human neoplasias such as warts and cancers. There are ∼19 HPV types associated with cancers, which has made it very challenging for first generation HPV vaccines to offer complete protection against all cancer-causing HPV types. Recently, a second generation HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9, has been approved to protect against more HPV types. Worldwide, Gardasil-9 will protect against HPV types associated with ∼90% of cervical cancer case in women and 80-95% of other HPV-associated anogenital cancers in both men and women. However, due to variation in HPV-type specific prevalence and distribution, the vaccine will offer different percentages of protection in different geographical regions; Gardasil-9 will offer protection against HPV types associated with ∼87.7% of cervical cancers in Asia, 91.7% in Africa, 92% in North America, 90.9% in Europe, 89.5% in Latin America & the Caribbean, and 86.5% in Australia. Because of this, Pap smear screening and testing for HPV types not included in Gardasil-9 will need to continue, especially in HIV/AIDS patients. In order to achieve complete protection against all HPV types that cause cervical cancer, a third-generation HPV vaccine is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukai Zhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United states
| | - Ebenezer Tumban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United states.
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230
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Friemel J, Foraita R, Günther K, Heibeck M, Günther F, Pflueger M, Pohlabeln H, Behrens T, Bullerdiek J, Nimzyk R, Ahrens W. Pretreatment oral hygiene habits and survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:33. [PMID: 26969620 PMCID: PMC4788953 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The survival time of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is related to health behavior, such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Poor oral health (OH), dental care (DC) and the frequent use of mouthwash have been shown to represent independent risk factors for head and neck cancerogenesis, but their impact on the survival of HNSCC patients has not been systematically investigated. Methods Two hundred seventy-six incident HNSCC cases recruited for the ARCAGE study were followed through a period of 6–10 years. Interview-based information on wearing of dentures, gum bleeding, teeth brushing, use of floss and dentist visits were grouped into weighted composite scores, i.e. oral health (OH) and dental care (DH). Use of mouthwash was assessed as frequency per day. Also obtained were other types of health behavior, such as smoking, alcohol drinking and diet, appreciated as both confounding and study variables. Endpoints were progression-free survival, overall survival and tumor-specific survival. Prognostic values were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results A good dental care score, summarizing annual dental visits, daily teeth cleaning and use of floss was associated with longer overall survival time (p = .001). The results of the Cox regression models similarly suggested a higher risk of tumor progression and shortened overall survival in patients with poor dental care, but the results lost their statistical significance after other types of health behavior had been controlled for. Frequent use of mouthwash (≥ 2 times/day) significantly increased the risk of tumor-specific death (HR = 2.26; CI = 1.19–4.32). Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking were dose-dependently associated with tumor progression and shorter overall survival. Conclusion Frequent mouthwash use of ≥ 2 times/day seems to elevate the risk of tumor-specific death in HNSCC patients. Good dental care scores are associated with longer overall survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0185-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Friemel
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mathias Heibeck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Frauke Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maren Pflueger
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörn Bullerdiek
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen (ZHG), Bremen, Germany
| | - Rolf Nimzyk
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen (ZHG), Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
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231
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Affolter A, Muller MF, Sommer K, Stenzinger A, Zaoui K, Lorenz K, Wolf T, Sharma S, Wolf J, Perner S, Weber KJ, Freier K, Plinkert PK, Hess J, Weichert W. Targeting irradiation-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in vitro and in an ex vivo model for human head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2049-61. [PMID: 26918677 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite new radiotherapeutic strategies, radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a major problem. Preclinical model systems are needed to identify resistance mechanisms in this heterogeneous entity. METHODS We elucidated the interplay among mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-inhibition, radiation, and p53 mutations in vitro and in a novel ex vivo model derived from vital human HNSCC samples. HNSCC cell lines (p53WT/mut) were treated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)-inhibitor PD-0325901 and subsequently irradiated. Radiosensitization was functionally assessed and evaluated in the ex vivo model. RESULTS We observed a pronounced irradiation-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in 2 cell lines, which was independent of their p53 mutation status and associated with PD-0325901-related radiosensitization in a clonogenic assay. Heterogeneity in irradiation-induced ERK phosphorylation and in radiosensitization after MEK-inhibition was also reflected in the ex vivo model. CONCLUSION We provide experimental evidence for radiosensitizing effects of PD-0325901 in HNSCC. The ex vivo culture technology might offer a promising tool for individualized drug efficacy testing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2049-E2061, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Affolter
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-France Muller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Karim Zaoui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Lorenz
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolf
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarika Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janina Wolf
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Luebeck and Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Luebeck and Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Kolja Freier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter K Plinkert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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232
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HPV Population Profiling in Healthy Men by Next-Generation Deep Sequencing Coupled with HPV-QUEST. Viruses 2016; 8:v8020028. [PMID: 26821041 PMCID: PMC4776183 DOI: 10.3390/v8020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple-type human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection presents a greater risk for persistence in asymptomatic individuals and may accelerate cancer development. To extend the scope of HPV types defined by probe-based assays, multiplexing deep sequencing of HPV L1, coupled with an HPV-QUEST genotyping server and a bioinformatic pipeline, was established and applied to survey the diversity of HPV genotypes among a subset of healthy men from the HPV in Men (HIM) Multinational Study. Twenty-one HPV genotypes (12 high-risk and 9 low-risk) were detected in the genital area from 18 asymptomatic individuals. A single HPV type, either HPV16, HPV6b or HPV83, was detected in 7 individuals, while coinfection by 2 to 5 high-risk and/or low-risk genotypes was identified in the other 11 participants. In two individuals studied for over one year, HPV16 persisted, while fluctuations of coinfecting genotypes occurred. HPV L1 regions were generally identical between query and reference sequences, although nonsynonymous and synonymous nucleotide polymorphisms of HPV16, 18, 31, 35h, 59, 70, 73, cand85, 6b, 62, 81, 83, cand89 or JEB2 L1 genotypes, mostly unidentified by linear array, were evident. Deep sequencing coupled with HPV-QUEST provides efficient and unambiguous classification of HPV genotypes in multiple-type HPV infection in host ecosystems.
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233
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Sedghizadeh PP, Billington WD, Paxton D, Ebeed R, Mahabady S, Clark GT, Enciso R. Is p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma associated with favorable prognosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:15-27. [PMID: 26794879 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the prognosis of patients with p16 expressing oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers to patients with p16 non-expressing cancers. Clinical outcomes that were evaluated included overall survival, local recurrence, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and event-free survival. The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (via Pubmed), and Web of Science. Publications were restricted to English language. Studies were limited to controlled clinical trials on the survival rates of patients with oropharyngeal tumors that were p16 expressing, compared to patients with p16 non-expressing tumors, and at least one clinical endpoint reported by trial authors (hazard ratios). Specific ascertainment criteria were applied for inclusion and exclusion of eligible studies. Data was independently extracted in duplicate. This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis PRISMA checklist. Risk of bias was assessed for all included studies, and disagreements between review authors were discussed until an agreement was reached. Eighteen studies were included for final review and meta-analysis. The subgroup meta-analyses, which included survival and recurrence data, showed significantly favorable outcomes for patients with p16 expressing tumors. There is strong evidence to support that patients with p16 expressing oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers have favorable clinical outcomes and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parish P Sedghizadeh
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - William D Billington
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Dain Paxton
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Rabeh Ebeed
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Susan Mahabady
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Glenn T Clark
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Reyes Enciso
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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234
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Innovative perspectives of immunotherapy in head and neck cancer. From relevant scientific rationale to effective clinical practice. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 43:113-23. [PMID: 26827699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is now well established that head and neck cancer carcinogenesis is characterized by genetic instability and several immune defects, leading to unique host-tumor interactions. In such condition, recent improved comprehension and relevant findings could lead to identification of innovative molecular therapeutic targets, achieving considerable clinical and translational research. This review aims to summarize and to highlight most recent and relevant scientific rationale in this era of immunotherapy revival, and to correlate it to the near future clinical practice for the management of this challenging disease.
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235
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Lam JO, Lim WY, Chow KY, D’Souza G. Incidence, Trends and Ethnic Differences of Oropharyngeal, Anal and Cervical Cancers: Singapore, 1968-2012. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146185. [PMID: 26720001 PMCID: PMC4705110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, several Western countries have reported an increase in oropharyngeal and anal cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Trends in HPV-associated cancers in Asia have not been as well described. We describe the epidemiology of potentially HPV-related cancers reported to the Singapore Cancer Registry from 1968-2012. Analysis included 998 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), 183 anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) and 8,019 invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases. Additionally, 368 anal non-squamous cell carcinoma (ANSCC) and 2,018 non-oropharyngeal head and neck carcinoma (non-OP HNC) cases were included as comparators. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were determined by gender and ethnicity (Chinese, Malay and Indian). Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate annual percentage change (APC) in incidence. OPSCC incidence increased in both genders (men 1993-2012, APC = 1.9%, p<0.001; women 1968-2012, APC = 2.0%, p = 0.01) and was 5 times higher in men than women. In contrast, non-OP HNC incidence declined between 1968-2012 among men (APC = -1.6%, p<0.001) and women (APC = -0.4%, p = 0.06). ASCC and ANSCC were rare (ASR = 0.2 and 0.7 per 100,000 person-years, respectively) and did not change significantly over time except for increasing ANSCCs in men (APC = 2.8%, p<0.001). ICC was the most common HPV-associated cancer (ASR = 19.9 per 100,000 person-years) but declined significantly between 1968-2012 (APC = -2.4%). Incidence of each cancer varied across ethnicities. Similar to trends in Western countries, OPSCC incidence increased in recent years, while non-OP HNC decreased. ICC remains the most common HPV-related cancer in Singapore, but Pap screening programs have led to consistently decreasing incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O. Lam
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Wei-Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khuan-Yew Chow
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gypsyamber D’Souza
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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236
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Krishnan N, Gupta S, Palve V, Varghese L, Pattnaik S, Jain P, Khyriem C, Hariharan A, Dhas K, Nair J, Pareek M, Prasad V, Siddappa G, Suresh A, Kekatpure V, Kuriakose M, Panda B. Integrated analysis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma identifies key variants and pathways linked to risk habits, HPV, clinical parameters and tumor recurrence. F1000Res 2015; 4:1215. [PMID: 26834999 PMCID: PMC4706066 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7302.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC) are a homogeneous group of tumors characterized by aggressive behavior, early spread to lymph nodes and a higher rate of regional failure. Additionally, the incidence of OTSCC among younger population (<50yrs) is on the rise; many of whom lack the typical associated risk factors of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure. We present data on single nucleotide variations (SNVs), indels, regions with loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and copy number variations (CNVs) from fifty-paired oral tongue primary tumors and link the significant somatic variants with clinical parameters, epidemiological factors including human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and tumor recurrence. Apart from the frequent somatic variants harbored in TP53, CASP8, RASA1, NOTCH and CDKN2A genes, significant amplifications and/or deletions were detected in chromosomes 6-9, and 11 in the tumors. Variants in CASP8 and CDKN2A were mutually exclusive. CDKN2A, PIK3CA, RASA1 and DMD variants were exclusively linked to smoking, chewing, HPV infection and tumor stage. We also performed a whole-genome gene expression study that identified matrix metalloproteases to be highly expressed in tumors and linked pathways involving arachidonic acid and NF-k-B to habits and distant metastasis, respectively. Functional knockdown studies in cell lines demonstrated the role of CASP8 in a HPV-negative OTSCC cell line. Finally, we identified a 38-gene minimal signature that predicts tumor recurrence using an ensemble machine-learning method. Taken together, this study links molecular signatures to various clinical and epidemiological factors in a homogeneous tumor population with a relatively high HPV prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Krishnan
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Vinayak Palve
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Linu Varghese
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Swetansu Pattnaik
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Prach Jain
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Costerwell Khyriem
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Arun Hariharan
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Kunal Dhas
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Nair
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Manisha Pareek
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Venkatesh Prasad
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| | - Gangotri Siddappa
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Vikram Kekatpure
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Moni Kuriakose
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Bangalore, 560 099, India; Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Binay Panda
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, 560 100, India; Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, 560 024, India
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237
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Miah MS, Majumdar S, White S, Robinson M, Kernohan N. Human papillomavirus and salivary gland neoplasia: a p16INK4 immunohistochemical and in situ hybridisation study. J Laryngol Otol 2015; 129:1000-3. [PMID: 26190415 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215115001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between human papillomavirus infection and salivary gland tumours in a Scottish cohort. METHODS Specimens from a range of salivary gland tumours operated on between 1997 and 2012 were studied. A tissue microarray constructed from tissue blocks was subjected to p16INK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation using probes specific for human papillomavirus, including types 16 and 18. RESULTS A total of 61 tumours (benign and malignant) were deemed suitable for the study. p16INK4 staining yielded three (4.9 per cent) positive samples: one small cell carcinoma, one squamous cell carcinoma and one poorly differentiated carcinoma. Human papillomavirus in situ hybridisation demonstrated a positive signal in the latter sample only (1.6 per cent). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a very low human papillomavirus detection rate in salivary gland tumours. It can therefore be concluded that human papillomavirus infection is unlikely to play a role in salivary gland neoplasia. Rare human papillomavirus positive cases should be carefully evaluated to exclude the possibility of a metastatic lesion.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/virology
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/metabolism
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/virology
- Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/virology
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/virology
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/virology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/virology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- DNA, Viral/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Human papillomavirus 16/isolation & purification
- Human papillomavirus 18/genetics
- Human papillomavirus 18/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Papillomavirus Infections/metabolism
- Papillomavirus Infections/virology
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/metabolism
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/virology
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Miah
- Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery,Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee Medical School,Scotland
| | - S Majumdar
- Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery,Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee Medical School,Scotland
| | - S White
- Department of Pathology,Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee Medical School,Scotland
| | - M Robinson
- Department of Oral Pathology,Centre for Oral Health Research,Freeman Hospital and University of Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - N Kernohan
- Department of Pathology,Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee Medical School,Scotland
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238
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Kane S, Patil VM, Joshi A, Noronha V, Muddu V, Dhumal S, Juvekar S, Arya S, D'Cruz A, Bhattacharjee A, Prabhash K. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Technically Unresectable Oral Cancers: Does Human Papillomavirus Make a Difference? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015; 27:751-3. [PMID: 26412438 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kane
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V Muddu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S Dhumal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S Juvekar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S Arya
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A D'Cruz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Bhattacharjee
- Division of Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Malabar Cancer Centre, Kerala, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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239
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Targeted Therapy in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Implications of HPV for Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:89-117. [PMID: 27182480 PMCID: PMC4837939 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-015-0008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal cancers caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) have a different epidemiology, prognosis, genetic mutational landscape, response to treatment, and outcome when compared to HPV-negative cancers. In this review, a summary of our current understanding of HPV in head and neck cancer and the important advances that have shown HPV to be an etiological agent are discussed. HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors are compared discussing clinicopathological factors, prognosis, outcome following treatment, and the molecular and genetic differences. Currently, the standard of care for oropharyngeal cancer is both surgery and post-operative radiotherapy with or without cisplatin or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. The latter is used more often, especially in cancers of tonsil and base of tongue. However, there is increased interest in trying to de-intensify treatment and in the development of new treatments to target the underlying different molecular pathways of HPV-positive cancers. The current clinical trials involving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are discussed. The new targeted treatments are also summarized. Although there is currently is no evidence from prospective studies to support a change in the treatment algorithm, the treatment options for patients with HPV-positive disease are likely to change in the future.
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240
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Liu SZ, Zandberg DP, Schumaker LM, Papadimitriou JC, Cullen KJ. Correlation of p16 expression and HPV type with survival in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:862-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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241
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Vojtechova Z, Sabol I, Salakova M, Turek L, Grega M, Smahelova J, Vencalek O, Lukesova E, Klozar J, Tachezy R. Analysis of the integration of human papillomaviruses in head and neck tumours in relation to patients' prognosis. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:386-95. [PMID: 26239888 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Integration, which leads to the disruption of the circular HPV genome, is considered as a critical, albeit not obligatory, step in carcinogenic progression. Although cervical carcinomas with extrachromosomal HPV plasmid genomes have been described, the virus is integrated in 70% of HPV16-positive cervical tumours. Limited information is available about HPV integration in head and neck tumours (HNC). In this study, we have characterised the physical status of HPV in a set of tonsillar tumour samples using different methods--the mapping of E2 integration breakpoint at the mRNA level, the 3' RACE based Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts (APOT) assay and Southern blot. Furthermore, the impact of HPV integration on patients' prognosis has been evaluated in a larger set of 186 patients with head and neck cancer. Based on the analysis of E2 mRNA, HPV was integrated in the host genome in 43% of the HPV-positive samples. Extrachromosomal or mixed form was present in 57%. In fresh frozen samples, the APOT and E2 mapping results were in agreement. The results were confirmed using Southern blotting. Furthermore, the type and exact site of integration were determined. The survival analysis of 186 patients revealed HPV positivity, tumour size and lymph node positivity as factors that influence disease specific survival. However, no statistically significant difference was found in disease specific survival between patients with HPV-positive integrated vs. extrachromosomal/mixed forms of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vojtechova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Sabol
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Salakova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Turek
- Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Marek Grega
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Smahelova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vencalek
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science of the Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Lukesova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klozar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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242
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Sawan D, Mashlah A. Evaluation of premalignant and malignant lesions by fluorescent light (VELscope). J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:248-54. [PMID: 26236687 PMCID: PMC4515810 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.159967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was the early detection of premalignant and malignant oral soft lesions by fluorescent light (VELscope). Materials and Methods: A total of 748 patients were evaluated through clinical and fluorescent light analysis of the entire oral cavity. Any lesion that was detected underwent a surgical excision biopsy as the golden standard for the detection of the lesion's histology; then a comparison was made between the results to assure the efficacy of the fluorescent light analysis outcome. Results: About 9.4% of the lesions detected were abnormal lesions and 83.09% had loss of fluorescent light effect. Based on the use of surgical biopsy, the machine had a sensitivity of 74.1% and a specificity of 96.3%. According to the statistical analysis, the P value was much lower than 0.05, so we can conclude that at 95% confidence level, there was significant agreement between VELscope results and biopsy results. Kappa coefficient value was approximately 0.5, which means that the strength of the agreement was medium. Conclusion: VELscope can be used as a clinical diagnostic aid in the detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. In addition, it helps in the detection of the borders in both surgical biopsy and surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Sawan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ammar Mashlah
- Department of Oral Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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243
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Jitani AK, Raphael V, Mishra J, Shunyu NB, Khonglah Y, Medhi J. Analysis of Human Papilloma Virus 16/18 DNA and its Correlation with p16 Expression in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma in North-Eastern India: A Chromogenic in-situ Hybridization Based Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:EC04-7. [PMID: 26435951 PMCID: PMC4576542 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13022.6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is quite high in North Eastern India. Apart from the traditional risk factors like tobacco and alcohol consumption, human papilloma virus (HPV) is now considered an established causative agent. These HPV related tumour have a clinico-pathological profile that is quite divergent from conventional non-HPV related tumours. Association of HPV in oral cancers has not been explored in north-east India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) on treatment from October 2010 to January 2013 were included in the study. Patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. HPV 16/18 DNA was evaluated using Chromogenic in-situ Hybridization (CISH). Presence of nuclear signals was taken as positive HPV expression. p16 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and was considered positive if ≥ 80% of the tumour cells showed strong and diffuse nuclear/cytoplasmic immunostaining. The results were analysed using Fisher exact test and confidence interval was calculated where required. RESULTS The study group age ranged from 30 to 80 years (median age- 54.2 years). The most common site was gum, with well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma being the most common histology. HPV 16/18 DNA was positive in 29% (95% CI: 13.03% - 44.97%) cases and had a clear tendency towards statistical significance with non-smoker cases (p=0.05), lymph node metastasis (p=0.05) and a significant correlation with p16 overexpression (p=0.04). There was no significant correlation with other clinico-pathological parameters. CONCLUSION HPV 16/18 is associated with OSCC, commonly seen among non-smokers and may be related to nodal metastasis. So, HPV may be used as a prognostic factor in OSCC and p16 may be considered as a surrogate marker for HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vandana Raphael
- Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, India
| | - Jaya Mishra
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, India
| | - N. Brian Shunyu
- Associate Professor, Department of ENT, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, India
| | - Yookarin Khonglah
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, India
| | - Jayanta Medhi
- Senior Resident, Department of ENT, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, India
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244
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Coordes A, Lenz K, Qian X, Lenarz M, Kaufmann AM, Albers AE. Meta-analysis of survival in patients with HNSCC discriminates risk depending on combined HPV and p16 status. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:2157-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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245
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Becker C, Wilson JC, Jick SS, Meier CR. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of head and neck cancer: A case-control analysis. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2424-31. [PMID: 25974157 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) have been associated with a reduced risk for certain cancers. We explored the association between use of NSAIDs and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We conducted a case-control analysis in the UK-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) among people below the age of 90 years with incident HNC between 1995 and 2013. Six controls per case were matched on age, sex, calendar time, general practice, and number of years of active history in the CPRD prior to the HNC diagnosis. Other potential confounders including comorbidities and comedication were also evaluated, and we adjusted our final analyses for BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption. Our analyses included 2,745 HNC cases and 16,470 controls. Aspirin or NSAID use overall did not significantly change the HNC risk. However, patients with six or more prescriptions for ibuprofen were at a statistically significantly reduced risk for HNC (adjusted OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.94). The HNC risk tended to decrease with increasing cumulative exposure to ibuprofen, and to be more pronounced for cancer of the larynx. To conclude, in this large population-based observational study we found a decreased risk for HNC associated with regular use of ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Becker
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Claire Wilson
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan S Jick
- Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, MA
| | - Christoph R Meier
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, MA.,Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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246
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Driessen JP, van Bemmel AJM, van Kempen PMW, Janssen LM, Terhaard CHJ, Pameijer FA, Willems SM, Stegeman I, Grolman W, Philippens MEP. Correlation of human papillomavirus status with apparent diffusion coefficient of diffusion-weighted MRI in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E613-8. [PMID: 25783872 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of prognostic patient characteristics in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is of great importance. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNSCCs have favorable response to (chemo)radiotherapy. Apparent diffusion coefficient, derived from diffusion-weighted MRI, has also shown to predict treatment response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HPV status and apparent diffusion coefficient. METHODS Seventy-three patients with histologically proven HNSCC were retrospectively analyzed. Mean pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient was calculated by delineation of total tumor volume on diffusion-weighted MRI. HPV status was analyzed and correlated to apparent diffusion coefficient. RESULTS Six HNSCCs were HPV-positive. HPV-positive HNSCC showed significantly lower apparent diffusion coefficient compared to HPV-negative. This correlation was independent of other patient characteristics. CONCLUSION In HNSCC, positive HPV status correlates with low mean apparent diffusion coefficient. The favorable prognostic value of low pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient might be partially attributed to patients with a positive HPV status. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E613-E618, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette P Driessen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander J M van Bemmel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline M W van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk M Janssen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H J Terhaard
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A Pameijer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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247
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Parshad S, Nandi S, Marwah N, Mehta P, Tripathi M, Netrapal, Gogna S, Karwasra RK. Human papillomavirus 16 and 18 in squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and sexual practices: A pilot study at a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2015; 6:185-9. [PMID: 27390494 PMCID: PMC4922230 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.183857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy in India and tobacco and betel nut chewing are well established risk factors. Despite successful campaigns to help people shun this habit in developing countries the incidence has rather gone up and HPV and sexual practices are now definitely implicated for this. AIM An attempt was made to generate Indian data on role of HPV and sexual practices in relation to OSCC. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A prospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue biopsies from fifty patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were subjected to PCR analysis to look for presence of HPV 16 and 18. Fifty patients with benign lesions were taken as control. STATISTICAL METHODS USED The data was statistically analysed using SPSS version 22 and chi square test. RESULTS 42% of OSCC patients were found to harbour HPV 16 and 18 whereas only 8% of patients with benign lesions had HPV 16 and 18. A significant number of HPV positive patients i.e. 9 out of 21 gave history of multiple sexual partners and oral sex. CONCLUSIONS This high percentage of HPV in OSCC in an Indian population from a tertiary care centre in north India and its association with prevailing sexual practices is quite significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Parshad
- Department of Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sourabh Nandi
- Department of Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Marwah
- Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Promod Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Tripathi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Netrapal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shekhar Gogna
- Department of Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - R. K. Karwasra
- Department of Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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248
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Farnebo L, Stjernström A, Fredrikson M, Ansell A, Garvin S, Thunell LK. DNA repair genes XPC, XPD, XRCC1, and XRCC3 are associated with risk and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 31:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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249
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Wang MB, Liu IY, Gornbein JA, Nguyen CT. HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 153:758-69. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599815592157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is increasing in incidence and appears to exhibit improved response to treatment and better survival than that of HPV– head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the current literature regarding treatment and prognosis of HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and identify whether type of treatment (primarily surgery vs primarily radiation) significantly affects survival rates. Data Sources PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Review Methods A computerized search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify English-language articles published between January 1, 2000, and October 21, 2014. Studies were included only if they were prospective or retrospective observational series of OPSCC patients that reported HPV status, treatment regimen, and survival outcomes. Outcomes were determined for HPV+ and HPV– OPSCC patients, with subanalyses according to the type of treatment received. Results Fifty-six articles were eligible for this review. In the HPV+ analysis, the unadjusted hazard rate ratio (HR) for surgery vs radiation treatment was 1.33 ( P = .114). Nine confounders were considered, and HRs were adjusted for each covariate. While HRs were almost all >1 for all covariates, none of the HRs was statistically significant at P < .05. The HR for HPV– OPSCC was higher for radiation than surgery. Conclusions HPV+ OPSCC has an improved prognosis and lower rates of adverse events when compared with HPV– OPSCC. HPV– OPSCC had significantly worse outcomes when treated with primary radiation as compared with primary surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in HRs for HPV+ OPSCC with primary radiation vs primary surgery treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene B. Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isabelle Y. Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Gornbein
- Statistical/Biomathematical Consulting Clinic, Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chau T. Nguyen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Anacapa Surgical Associates, Ventura, California, USA
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250
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Frandsen VL, Grønhøj Larsen C, von Buchwald C. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the soft palate: Table 1. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:942-3. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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