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Zha Y, Li Z, Zhong Z, Ruan Y, Sun L, Zuo F, Li L, Hou S. Size-dependent enhancement on conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by micro/nanoplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128561. [PMID: 35278945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) have raised intensive concerns due to their possible enhancement effect on the dissemination of antibiotic genes. Unfortunately, data is still lacking to verify the effect. In the study, the influence of polystyrene MNPs on the conjugative gene transfer was studied by using E. coli DH5ɑ with RP4 plasmid as the donor bacteria and E. coli K12 MG1655 as the recipient bacteria. We found that influence of MNPs on gene transfer was size-dependent. Small MNPs (10 nm in radius) caused an increase and then a decrease in gene transfer efficiency with their concentration increasing. Moderate-sized MNPs (50 nm in radius) caused an increase in gene transfer efficiency. Large MNPs (500 nm in radius) had almost no influence on gene transfer. The gene transfer could be further enhanced by optimizing mating time and mating ratio. Scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) production did not affect the cell membrane permeability, indicating that the increase in cell membrane permeability was not related to ROS production. The mechanism of the enhanced gene transfer efficiency was attributed to a combined effect of the increased ROS production and the increased cell membrane permeability, which ultimately regulated the expression of corresponding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zha
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiming Ruan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Guangzhou Inspection Testing and Certification Group Co., Ltd., China
| | - Fangfang Zuo
- Guangzhou Inspection Testing and Certification Group Co., Ltd., China; Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Medical Textile Protective Products, Guangdong Medical Products Administration, China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Sen Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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202
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Santos AL, Rodrigues CC, Oliveira M, Rocha TL. Microbiome: A forgotten target of environmental micro(nano)plastics? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153628. [PMID: 35124041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging pollutants in different environmental compartments (air, soil and water) and that may induce several ecotoxicological effects on organisms and their microbiota. A considerable number of studies has been addressing and highlighting the effects of MPs/NPs on biochemical, molecular and behavior effects of aquatic organisms. However, less attention has been focused on microbiota. Here, a critical overview of published studies focusing on microorganisms affected by MPs and NPs after in vitro or in vivo exposure is provided. Available studies regarding the properties of MPs/NPs, microbial phyla, experimental conditions, techniques employed, and effects are summarized. The link between microbiota disruption and other effects on other hosts (e.g., crustaceans, fish, and mammals) as also analyzed. Overall, the literature review shows that most studies with microorganisms were performed in vitro (MPs: 44.11%; NPs: 23.52%) in comparison with in vivo tests (MPs: 32.35%; NPs: 11.76%). The most studied MP/NPs were polystyrene particles, generally spheres, with sizes <50 μm and concentrations ranged between 100 and 1000 mg L-1. The most studied main phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. MPs/NPs induced microbiome composition disruption, immune response (i.e., immune modulator release, immune cells activation and inflammatory response), enzyme activity changes (i.e., catalase, urease, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase) and gene expression changes. The immune responses changes were related to microbiome disruption. Research gaps are highlighted and recommendations for future research indicated that microbiome is sensitive to MP/NPs and microbiome disruption can be a valuable tool to assess the risk of plastic particles to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Liberal Santos
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cândido Carvalho Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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203
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Wang Y, Wang S, Xu T, Cui W, Shi X, Xu S. A new discovery of polystyrene microplastics toxicity: The injury difference on bladder epithelium of mice is correlated with the size of exposed particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153413. [PMID: 35090911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as widespread hazardous substances in the environment, can cause potential adverse effects on biological health. However, reports on the toxic effects of different diameters MPs on urinary system are limited. Here, we investigated the types and mechanisms of damage to mice bladder epithelial cells treated with diameter (1-10 μm and 50-100 μm) polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs). The results showed that exposure to PS-MPs of both diameters resulted in necroptosis and inflammation to bladder epithelium. However, 1-10 μm PS-MPs posed more severe necroptosis and 50-100 μm PS-MPs led to a higher degree of inflammatory injury at the same exposure concentration. Mechanistically, PS-MPs were found to induce necroptosis as well as p-NFκB-mediated inflammation by triggering oxidative stress and excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) attenuated the toxic effects of PS-MPs on bladder epithelial cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated for the first time that PS-MPs caused necroptosis and inflammation in mice bladders tissues, and the difference of injury correlates with the size of PS-MPs particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal, PR China
| | - Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Wei Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal, PR China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal, PR China; Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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204
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Marchetto D, de Ferri L, Latella A, Pojana G. Micro- and mesoplastics in sea surface water from a Northern Adriatic coastal area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37471-37497. [PMID: 35066833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics in the sea is a global issue widely studied and discussed in the last years. The whole marine ecosystem is now considered at high risk because of their presence and abundance in every studied environment all over the world because polymeric materials commonly constitute the main raw materials in contemporary industrial production. The presented study reports the results obtained from surface seawater monitoring of two sampling transects in the coastal area close to the Venice Lagoon (Italy) inlet, investigated in order to get new information about the presence and relevance of plastic pollution. Plastic particles collected by means of a manta net (0.3-mm mesh size) have been characterized in detail by utilizing a multi-technique approach in order to discriminate them by typology, dimension, colour, spatial density and chemical composition. Such information permitted the individuation of subgroups (specific groups) of plastic micro-debris in this Northern Adriatic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marchetto
- Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 3484/D, 30123, Venice, Italy.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy.
| | - Lavinia de Ferri
- Department of Collection Management-Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Kabelgaten 34, 0580, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aurelio Latella
- Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 3484/D, 30123, Venice, Italy
| | - Giulio Pojana
- Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 3484/D, 30123, Venice, Italy.
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205
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Haddadi A, Kessabi K, Boughammoura S, Rhouma MB, Mlouka R, Banni M, Messaoudi I. Exposure to microplastics leads to a defective ovarian function and change in cytoskeleton protein expression in rat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34594-34606. [PMID: 35040070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants; through their physicochemical properties, they can have potentially negative effects on the environment as well as on animal and human health. Studies addressing the toxicity of MPs on mammalian female reproduction are almost absent. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to assess the impact of oral exposure, during four estrous cycles, of 5 µm polystyrene-type microplastics (PS-MPs) on ovarian function in rats. Particles of PS-MPs were detected in the duodenum and, for the first time, in the different compartments of the ovarian tissue. The toxicity of accumulated PS-MPs was manifested by the reduced relative ovarian weights, by the alteration in the folliculogenesis and in the estrous cycle duration, and by the reduced serum concentration of estradiol. The defective ovarian function following PS-MP treatment might be due to the induction of oxidative stress, which has been proved by an increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and an increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as a decreased protein sulfhydryl (PSH) level in the rat ovary. Importantly, by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, we demonstrated a significant decrease in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins: α-tubulin and disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis (DAAM-1) in the ovary of rats exposed to PS-MPs at proteomic and transcriptomic levels. Our results uncovered, for the first time, the distribution and accumulation of PS-MPs across rat ovary, revealed a significant alteration in some biomarkers of the ovarian function, and highlighted the possible involvement of MP-induced disturbance of cytoskeleton in these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Haddadi
- LR11ES41, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bio-Ressources, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kaouthar Kessabi
- LR11ES41, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bio-Ressources, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sana Boughammoura
- LR11ES41, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bio-Ressources, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ben Rhouma
- LR11ES41, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bio-Ressources, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rania Mlouka
- UR13AGR08: Biochimie Et Ecotoxicologie, ISA Chott-Mariem, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- UR13AGR08: Biochimie Et Ecotoxicologie, ISA Chott-Mariem, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- LR11ES41, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bio-Ressources, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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206
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Liu J, Lv M, Sun A, Ding J, Wang Y, Chang X, Chen L. Exposure to microplastics reduces the bioaccumulation of sulfamethoxazole but enhances its effects on gut microbiota and the antibiotic resistome of mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133810. [PMID: 35104539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have aroused a global health concern and their coexistence with antibiotics is inevitable. However, how MPs would affect the bioaccumulation and risks of antibiotics in humans remains poorly understood. Here a mouse model was used, and through dietary exposure, we observed that while the relative distributions of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in tissues were relatively stable, MPs significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of SMX in mice tissues (liver, lung, spleen, heart and kidney). Notably, while SMX and MPs showed a differential effect, MPs could exacerbate the effects of SMX on gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profile, with the relative abundances of sulfonamide resistance genes and multidrug genes being significantly increased. We further identified that shifts in gut microbiota contributed to the changes in ARG profiles in mice. Combined, our results demonstrate that MPs reduced the bioaccumulation of SMX, but they enhanced its effects on gut microbiota and the antibiotic resistome of mice, indicating they might have high risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Anqi Sun
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, 8 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xianbo Chang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China.
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207
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Zhang S, He Z, Wu C, Wang Z, Mai Y, Hu R, Zhang X, Huang W, Tian Y, Xia D, Wang C, Yan Q, He Z, Shu L. Complex Bilateral Interactions Determine the Fate of Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastics and Soil Protists: Implications from a Soil Amoeba. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4936-4949. [PMID: 35348318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and microplastics have become a serious global concern, threatening our living environments. Previous studies have shown that many organisms, including bacteria, animals, and plants, can be affected by microplastics. However, little is known about one ecologically important group of soil organisms, the protists. In this study, we investigated how polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics interacted with a soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. The results showed that environmental concentrations of nano- and microplastics could negatively affect the soil amoeba's fitness and development. D. discoideum ingested both nano- and microplastics through phagocytosis but packed and excreted them during slug migration, which also promoted their biodegradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the formation of new oxygen-containing functional groups and the sign of possible oxidation of polystyrene. Also, nano- and microplastic exposure disrupted the nutrient and energy metabolisms of D. discoideum and affected the expression of key genes (e.g., cf45-1, dcsA, aprA, dymB, and gefB) related to morphogenesis and phagocytosis. In conclusion, our results show that nano- and microplastics have complex bilateral interactions with the soil amoeba, affecting each other's fate in the soil environment. This study provides new insights into how soil protists interact with nano- and microplastics in the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Zhang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhen He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chenyuan Wu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zihe Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingwen Mai
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruiwen Hu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehui Tian
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dehua Xia
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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208
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Nanoplastics and Human Health: Hazard Identification and Biointerface. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081298. [PMID: 35458006 PMCID: PMC9026096 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are associated with several risks to the ecology and toxicity to humans. Nanoplastics are synthetic polymers with dimensions ranging from 1 nm to 1 μm. They are directly released to the environment or secondarily derived from plastic disintegration in the environment. Nanoplastics are widely detected in environmental samples and the food chain; therefore, their potentially toxic effects have been widely explored. In the present review, an overview of another two potential sources of nanoplastics, exposure routes to illustrate hazard identification of nanoplastics, cell internalization, and effects on intracellular target organelles are presented. In addition, challenges on the study of nanoplastics and future research areas are summarized. This paper also summarizes some approaches to eliminate or minimize the levels of nanoplastics to ensure environmental safety and improve human health.
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209
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Jewett E, Arnott G, Connolly L, Vasudevan N, Kevei E. Microplastics and Their Impact on Reproduction-Can we Learn From the C. elegans Model? FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:748912. [PMID: 35399297 PMCID: PMC8987311 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.748912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active environmental pollutants have significant impact on ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. Microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles are pollutants that are present in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at virtually every level of the food chain. Moreover, recently, airborne microplastic particles have been shown to reach and potentially damage respiratory systems. Microplastics and nanoplastics have been shown to cause increased oxidative stress, inflammation, altered metabolism leading to cellular damage, which ultimately affects tissue and organismal homeostasis in numerous animal species and human cells. However, the full impact of these plastic particles on living organisms is not completely understood. The ability of MPs/NPs to carry contaminants, toxic chemicals, pesticides, and bioactive compounds, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, present an additional risk to animal and human health. This review will discusses the current knowledge on pathways by which microplastic and nanoplastic particles impact reproduction and reproductive behaviors from the level of the whole organism down to plastics-induced cellular defects, while also identifying gaps in current knowledge regarding mechanisms of action. Furthermore, we suggest that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides an advantageous high-throughput model system for determining the effect of plastic particles on animal reproduction, using reproductive behavioral end points and cellular readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia Jewett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Arnott
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Nandini Vasudevan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Kevei
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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210
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Jing J, Zhang L, Han L, Wang J, Zhang W, Liu Z, Gao A. Polystyrene micro-/nanoplastics induced hematopoietic damages via the crosstalk of gut microbiota, metabolites, and cytokines. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107131. [PMID: 35149446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micro-/nanoplastics (MNPLs), novel environmental pollutants, widely exist in the environment and life and bring health risks. Previous studies have shown that NMPLs can penetrate bone marrow, but whether they cause hematopoietic damage remains uncertain. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were treated with polystyrene MNPLs (PS-MNPLs, 10 μm, 5 μm and 80 nm) at 60 μg doses for 42 days by intragastric administration. We evaluated the hematopoietic toxicity induced by MNPLs and potential mechanisms via combining 16S rRNA, metabolomics, and cytokine chips. The results demonstrated that PS-MNPLs induced hematopoietic toxicity, which was manifested by the disorder of bone marrow cell arrangement, the reduction in colony-forming, self-renewal and differentiation capacity, and the increased proportion of lymphocytes. PS-MNPLs also disrupted the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, metabolism, and inflammation, all of which were correlated with hematotoxicity, suggesting that abnormal gut microbiota-metabolite-cytokine axes might be the crucial pathways in MNPLs-induced hematopoietic injury. In conclusion, our study systematically demonstrated that multi-scale PS-MNPLs induced hematopoietic toxicity via the crosstalk of gut microbiota, metabolites, and cytokines and provided valuable insights into MNPLs toxicity, which was conducive to health risk assessment and informed policy decisions regarding PS-MNPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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211
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Rawle DJ, Dumenil T, Tang B, Bishop CR, Yan K, Le TT, Suhrbier A. Microplastic consumption induces inflammatory signatures in the colon and prolongs a viral arthritis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152212. [PMID: 34890673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global microplastic (MP) contamination and the effects on the environment are well described. However, the potential for MP consumption to affect human health remains controversial. Mice consuming ≈80 μg/kg/day of 1 μm polystyrene MPs via their drinking water showed no weight loss, nor were MPs detected in internal organs. The microbiome was also not significantly changed. MP consumption did lead to small transcriptional changes in the colon suggesting plasma membrane perturbations and mild inflammation. Mice were challenged with the arthritogenic chikungunya virus, with MP consumption leading to a significantly prolonged arthritic foot swelling that was associated with elevated Th1, NK cell and neutrophil signatures. Immunohistochemistry also showed a significant increase in the ratio of neutrophils to monocyte/macrophages. The picture that emerges is reminiscent of enteropathic arthritis, whereby perturbations in the colon are thought to activate innate lymphoid cells that can inter alia migrate to joint tissues to promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rawle
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Cameron R Bishop
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4029 and 4072, Australia.
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212
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He S, Jia M, Xiang Y, Song B, Xiong W, Cao J, Peng H, Yang Y, Wang W, Yang Z, Zeng G. Biofilm on microplastics in aqueous environment: Physicochemical properties and environmental implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127286. [PMID: 34879504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The excellent properties of plastics make them widely used all over the world. However, when plastics enter the environmental medium, microplastics will inevitably be produced due to physical, chemical and biological factors. Studies have shown that microplastics have been detected in terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments. In addition, the presence of microplastics will provide a new artificial adhesion substrate for biofilms. It has been proved that the formation of biofilms could significantly change some properties of microplastics. Some studies have found that microplastics attached with biofilms have higher environmental risks and eco-toxicity. Therefore, considering the widespread existence of microplastics and the ecological risks of microplastic biofilms, the physical and chemical properties of biofilms on microplastics and their impact on microplastics in aqueous environment are worth reviewing. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed representative studies in this area. Firstly, this study reviews that the existence of biofilms could change the transport and deposition of microplastics. Subsequently, the presence of biofilms would enhance the ability of microplastics to accumulate pollutant, such as persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and antibiotics. Moreover, the effect of biofilms on microplastics enrichment of harmful microorganisms is summarized. Finally, some future research needs and strategies are proposed to better understand the problem of biofilms on microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Meiying Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yinping Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jiao Cao
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Haihao Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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213
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Ma Y, Koh JYC, Lim HK, Shi P, Tay CY. Elucidating the Size‐dependency of in Vitro Digested Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Intestinal Cells Health And Function. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One Singapore 637141 Singapore
| | - Jie Yan Cheryl Koh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One Singapore 637141 Singapore
| | - Hong Kit Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Pujiang Shi
- Energy Research Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One Singapore 637141 Singapore
- Energy Research Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SunSmart) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
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214
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Chen W, Zhu R, Ye X, Sun Y, Tang Q, Liu Y, Yan F, Yu T, Zheng X, Tu P. Food-derived cyanidin-3-O-glucoside reverses microplastic toxicity via promoting discharge and modulating the gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:1447-1458. [PMID: 35048920 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) ingested and accumulated by organisms would ultimately pose a threat to humans via the food chain. A balanced gut microbiota contributes to many health benefits, which is readily influenced by environmental chemicals such as MPs. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a bioactive compound of the anthocyanin family, possesses a variety of functional effects including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, as well as gut microbiota modulation. C3G has been demonstrated to prevent polystyrene (PS) induced toxicities in Caco-2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) via activating autophagy and promoting discharge. In the present study, we aimed to explore the alleviation effect of C3G on PS induced toxicities in C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed that the supplementation of C3G effectively reduced the tissue accumulation and promoted the fecal PS discharge, leading to alleviation of the PS-caused oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Meanwhile, C3G modulated PS-associated gut microbiome perturbations and regulated functional bacteria in inflammation such as Desulfovibrio, Helicobacter, Oscillospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium. Also, C3G administration initiated alterations in functional pathways in response to xenobiotic PS, and reduced bacterial functional genes related to inflammation and human diseases. These findings may offer evidence for the protective role of C3G in the intervention of PS-induced toxicity and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiyu Zhu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiong Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fujie Yan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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215
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Montero D, Rimoldi S, Torrecillas S, Rapp J, Moroni F, Herrera A, Gómez M, Fernández-Montero Á, Terova G. Impact of polypropylene microplastics and chemical pollutants on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) gut microbiota and health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150402. [PMID: 34818804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a global problem for marine ecosystems. Microplastics (MPs) are consumed by several marine organisms, including benthic and pelagic fish species that confuse them with food sources, thus contributing to bioaccumulation along the food chain. In addition to structural intestinal damage, ingestion of MPs represents a pathway for fish exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals, too. Most of them are endocrine disrupters, genotoxic or induce immune depression in fish. Accordingly, we assessed the combined toxicological effects of microplastics (MPs) and adsorbed pollutants by adding them to marine fish diet. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles were fed for 60 days with feeds containing polypropylene MPs, either virgin or contaminated with chemical pollutants (a blend of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, chlorpyrifos, and benzophenone-3). The data demonstrated a synergic action of MPs and chemical pollutants to induce an inflammatory-like response in distal intestine of sea bass as shown by the up regulation of cytokine il-6 and tnf-α expression. Morphological analysis detected the presence of a focus of lymphocytes in anterior and posterior intestinal segments of fish fed with contaminants in the diet. With regard to microbiota, significant changes in bacterial species richness, beta diversity, and composition of gut microbiota were observed as a consequence of both pollutants and polluted MPs ingestion. These perturbations in gut microbial communities, including the reduction of beneficial lactic acid bacteria and the increase in potential pathogenic microorganism (Proteobacteria and Vibrionales), were undeniable signs of intestinal dysbiosis, which in turn confirmed the signs of inflammation caused by pollutants, especially when combined with MPs. The results obtained in this study provide, therefore, new insights into the potential risks of ingesting MPs as pollutant carriers in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jorge Rapp
- Grupo de Ecofisiología de Organismos Marinos (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Federico Moroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alicia Herrera
- Grupo de Ecofisiología de Organismos Marinos (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - May Gómez
- Grupo de Ecofisiología de Organismos Marinos (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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216
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Bredeck G, Halamoda-Kenzaoui B, Bogni A, Lipsa D, Bremer-Hoffmann S. Tiered testing of micro- and nanoplastics using intestinal in vitro models to support hazard assessments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106921. [PMID: 34634620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainty of potential risks associated with micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are of growing public concern. However, the diversity of MNPs in the environment makes a systematic analysis of potential health effects challenging. New tools and approaches are necessary to investigate biological effects of MNPs. With this quick scoping review, we aim to analyse the suitability of in vitro models for assessing the interaction of MNPs with intestinal cells. Our analysis revealed that currently the majority of in vitro tests are based on the three cell lines Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT-116. They have particularly been used to assess endpoints related to basal cytotoxicity, the internalisation of MNPs and effects on the intestinal barrier. When co-cultured with various cell lines, they also allow to investigate additional effects such as inflammation, metabolic actions and the relevance of the intestinal mucus. However, methodological gaps remain regarding the assessment of a potential accumulation of MNPs, leaching of additives/impurities and in resulting long-term effects as well as cell-type specific toxicities. In addition, only few in vitro studies investigated effects of MNPs on the microbiome. Stem cell-based assays using, for example, the emerging organoid technology are promising for analysing MNP effects on tissue-like structures, while avoiding the particular characteristics of the currently used cancer derived cell lines. The various cell lines and culture techniques can be combined in testing strategies, to better elucidate potential biological interaction of MNPs with biological systems. We suggest to implement a tiered testing strategy, in which monocultures can serve as a tool for high-throughput testing of MNPs. In the next steps co-cultures can be used to assess the potential of a systemic uptake of MNPs and organ-on-a-chip models will provide more reliable insights into relevant doses triggering biological effects. Finally, organoids can help to discover new and more complex reactions initiated by MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Dorelia Lipsa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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217
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de Souza-Silva TG, Oliveira IA, da Silva GG, Giusti FCV, Novaes RD, de Almeida Paula HA. Impact of microplastics on the intestinal microbiota: A systematic review of preclinical evidence. Life Sci 2022; 294:120366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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218
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Banerjee A, Billey LO, Shelver WL. Uptake and toxicity of polystyrene micro/nanoplastics in gastric cells: Effects of particle size and surface functionalization. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0260803. [PMID: 34971556 PMCID: PMC8719689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity of micro or nanoplastics (MP/NP) in aquatic life is well-documented, however, information about the consequences of exposure to these particles in terrestrial species is scarce. This study was used to evaluate the uptake and/or toxicity of polystyrene MP/NP in human gastric cells, comparing doses, particle sizes (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 or 5000 nm) and surface functionalization (aminated, carboxylated or non-functionalized). In general, the uptake of 50 nm particles was significantly higher than 1000 nm particles. Among the 50 nm particles, the aminated particles were more avidly taken up by the cells and were cytotoxic at a lower concentration (≥ 7.5 μg/mL) compared to same sized carboxylated or non-functionalized particles (≥ 50 μg/mL). High toxicity of 50 nm aminated particles corresponded well with significantly high rates of apoptosis-necrosis induced by these particles in 4 h (29.2% of total cells) compared to all other particles (≤ 16.8%). The trend of apoptosis-necrosis induction by aminated particles in 4 h was 50 > 5000 > 1000 > 500 > 200 > 100 nm. The 50 nm carboxylated or non-functionalized particles also induced higher levels of apoptosis-necrosis in the cells compared to 100, 1000 and 5000 nm particles with same surface functionalization but longer exposure (24 h) to 50 nm carboxylated or non-functionalized particles significantly (p<0.0001) increased apoptosis-necrosis in the cells. The study demonstrated that the toxicity of MP/NP to gastric cells was dependent on particle size, dose surface functionalization and exposure period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Lloyd O. Billey
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Weilin L. Shelver
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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219
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Effects of Virgin Microplastics on Growth, Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota on Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), classified as plastic debris less than 5 mm in size, are widely found in various aquatic environments. However, there have been few studies regarding their potential threat under aquaculture conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the general health, intestinal morphology and microbiota of virgin polypropylene MPs (3–4 mm) on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) over a 28-d exposure period. Four groups were divided according to whether the MPs were added in water or in food. The results disproved the hypothesis that MPs expose may adversely affect the growth of fish. Largemouth bass expelled MPs with minimal harm to the organism. MPs exposure had no significant effect on the community composition or diversity of intestinal microbial, although it could partly influence intestinal morphology, and the recombination process of the intestinal microbial community. Fish may be more sensitive to answer MPs exposure in water than in feed. Proteobacteria could potentially be pathogenic bacteria phylum in fish gut when affected by MPs. This research represents an innovative attempt to investigate the impact of virgin MPs on largemouth bass using a manipulative feeding experiment. The results could provide new insight on commercial fish health when challenged with MPs pollution.
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220
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Stapleton PA. Micro- and nanoplastic transfer, accumulation, and toxicity in humans. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 28:62-69. [PMID: 34901583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastics impact our daily lives. Unfortunately, it is the disuse and disposal of these items that may affect us the greatest. Plastic micro- and nanosized particles, likely from bulk degradation, have been identified in air pollution and water sources. Recently, plastic particles have also been identified in consumable products. The purpose of this review is to identify the likely routes of human exposure, the toxicological outcomes and concerns currently reported, and to provide some considerations for future assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Stapleton
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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221
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Li X, Dong L, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang S. Bioinformatic Analysis Identified Hub Genes Associated with Heterocyclic Amines Induced Cytotoxicity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121888. [PMID: 34946837 PMCID: PMC8700875 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are a set of food contaminants that may exert a cytotoxic effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). However, the genetic mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of HCAs on PBMC has not been investigated. In the study, bioinformatic analysis on gene dataset GSE19078 was performed. The results of weighted correlation network analysis and linear models for microarray and RNA-seq data analysis showed that four gene modules were relevant to 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) exposure while one gene module was correlated with 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5f]quinoline (IQ) exposure. Gene functional analysis showed that the five modules were annotated mainly with mRNA transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial function, RNA catabolic process, protein targeting, and immune function. Five genes, MIER1, NDUFA4, MLL3, CD53 and CSF3 were recognized as the feature genes for each hub gene network of the corresponding gene module, and the expression of feature genes was observed with a significant difference between the PhIP/IQ samples and the other samples. Our results provide novel genes and promising mechanisms for exploration on the genetic mechanism of HCAs on PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huaning Yu
- Midea Group Guangdong Midea Kitchen Appliances Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-85358445
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222
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Kanduc D, Shores DR, Kovatsi L, Drakoulis N, Porter AL, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA. Contributing factors common to COVID‑19 and gastrointestinal cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:16. [PMID: 34779496 PMCID: PMC8611322 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) result from the dysfunctional immune response of an individual following the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events, ultimately leading to COVID-19. The authors have previously identified a number of contributing factors (CFs) common to myriad chronic diseases. Based on these observations, it was hypothesized that there may be a significant overlap between CFs associated with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). Thus, in the present study, a streamlined dot-product approach was used initially to identify potential CFs that affect COVID-19 and GIC directly (i.e., the simultaneous occurrence of CFs and disease in the same article). The nascent character of the COVID-19 core literature (~1-year-old) did not allow sufficient time for the direct effects of numerous CFs on COVID-19 to emerge from laboratory experiments and epidemiological studies. Therefore, a literature-related discovery approach was used to augment the COVID-19 core literature-based ‘direct impact’ CFs with discovery-based ‘indirect impact’ CFs [CFs were identified in the non-COVID-19 biomedical literature that had the same biomarker impact pattern (e.g., hyperinflammation, hypercoagulation, hypoxia, etc.) as was shown in the COVID-19 literature]. Approximately 2,250 candidate direct impact CFs in common between GIC and COVID-19 were identified, albeit some being variants of the same concept. As commonality proof of concept, 75 potential CFs that appeared promising were selected, and 63 overlapping COVID-19/GIC potential/candidate CFs were validated with biological plausibility. In total, 42 of the 63 were overlapping direct impact COVID-19/GIC CFs, and the remaining 21 were candidate GIC CFs that overlapped with indirect impact COVID-19 CFs. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that COVID-19 and GIC share a number of common risk/CFs, including behaviors and toxic exposures, that impair immune function. A key component of immune system health is the removal of those factors that contribute to immune system dysfunction in the first place. This requires a paradigm shift from traditional Western medicine, which often focuses on treatment, rather than prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Neil Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA
| | | | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I‑70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Darla Roye Shores
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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223
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Hoseini SM, Sinha R, Fazel A, Khosraviani K, Hosseinpour Delavar F, Arghideh M, Sedaghat M, Paolucci M, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Histopathological damage and stress- and immune-related genes' expression in the intestine of common carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper and polyvinyl chloride microparticle. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 337:181-190. [PMID: 34762360 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at assessing the singular and combined effects of water copper and polyvinyl chloride microplastic (MPVC) on intestinal copper accumulation, histopathological damage, and stress-/immune-related genes' expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four groups of fish were maintained in triplicate: control (kept in clean water), Cu (exposed to 0.25 mg/L of copper), MPVC (exposed to 0.5 mg/L of MPVC), and Cu-MPVC (exposed to 0.25 mg/L of copper + 0.5 mg/L of MPVC). After 14-day exposure, the fish of Cu and Cu-MPVC treatments exhibited significantly higher intestinal copper contents, compared to the fish of control and MPVC treatments. In this regard, the Cu-MPVC fish had significantly higher copper content than the Cu fish. Exposure to copper and/or MPVC significantly upregulated the intestinal heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (cyp1a1), lysozyme (lys), defensin (def), mucin 2 (muc2), and mucin 5 (muc5) expression. The highest expression of hsp70, cyp1a1, lys, and def was related to Cu-MPVC treatment; whereas, the highest expression of muc2 and muc5 was observed in Cu and MPVC treatments. Exposure to copper and/or MPVC induced intestinal damage, which Cu-MPVC fish exhibited the highest severity. The present study revealed that exposure to copper and/or MPVC causes intestinal histopathological damage and upregulation in stress- and immune-related genes' expression. The most serious effects were observed in Cu-MPVC treatment that might be due to additive effects of copper and MPVC and/or higher copper accumulation in this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reshma Sinha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abdolazim Fazel
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kaveh Khosraviani
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseinpour Delavar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arghideh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sedaghat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureFaculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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224
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Lu Y, Ma Q, Xu X, Yu Z, Guo T, Wu Y. RETRACTED: Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of polystyrene microplastics on Vicia faba roots. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117821. [PMID: 34329043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors and Corresponding Author. The authors have plagiarized part of a paper that had already appeared in Environmental and Experimental Botany, 179 (2020) 104227, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104227. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lu
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Qin Ma
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Zhefu Yu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Tianjiao Guo
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yangkai Wu
- Hangzhou Yunzhi Education & Technology Company, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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225
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Zrimec J, Kokina M, Jonasson S, Zorrilla F, Zelezniak A. Plastic-Degrading Potential across the Global Microbiome Correlates with Recent Pollution Trends. mBio 2021; 12:e0215521. [PMID: 34700384 PMCID: PMC8546865 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02155-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation is a plausible route toward sustainable management of the millions of tons of plastic waste that have accumulated in terrestrial and marine environments. However, the global diversity of plastic-degrading enzymes remains poorly understood. Taking advantage of global environmental DNA sampling projects, here we constructed hidden Markov models from experimentally verified enzymes and mined ocean and soil metagenomes to assess the global potential of microorganisms to degrade plastics. By controlling for false positives using gut microbiome data, we compiled a catalogue of over 30,000 nonredundant enzyme homologues with the potential to degrade 10 different plastic types. While differences between the ocean and soil microbiomes likely reflect the base compositions of these environments, we find that ocean enzyme abundance increases with depth as a response to plastic pollution and not merely taxonomic composition. By obtaining further pollution measurements, we observed that the abundance of the uncovered enzymes in both ocean and soil habitats significantly correlates with marine and country-specific plastic pollution trends. Our study thus uncovers the earth microbiome's potential to degrade plastics, providing evidence of a measurable effect of plastic pollution on the global microbial ecology as well as a useful resource for further applied research. IMPORTANCE Utilization of synthetic biology approaches to enhance current plastic degradation processes is of crucial importance, as natural plastic degradation processes are very slow. For instance, the predicted lifetime of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle under ambient conditions ranges from 16 to 48 years. Moreover, although there is still unexplored diversity in microbial communities, synergistic degradation of plastics by microorganisms holds great potential to revolutionize the management of global plastic waste. To this end, the methods and data on novel plastic-degrading enzymes presented here can help researchers by (i) providing further information about the taxonomic diversity of such enzymes as well as understanding of the mechanisms and steps involved in the biological breakdown of plastics, (ii) pointing toward the areas with increased availability of novel enzymes, and (iii) giving a basis for further application in industrial plastic waste biodegradation. Importantly, our findings provide evidence of a measurable effect of plastic pollution on the global microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zrimec
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mariia Kokina
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sara Jonasson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Zorrilla
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksej Zelezniak
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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226
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Tang M, Li S, Wei L, Hou Z, Qu J, Li L. Do Engineered Nanomaterials Affect Immune Responses by Interacting With Gut Microbiota? Front Immunol 2021; 12:684605. [PMID: 34594323 PMCID: PMC8476765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been widely exploited in several industrial domains as well as our daily life, raising concern over their potential adverse effects. While in general ENMs do not seem to have detrimental effects on immunity or induce severe inflammation, their indirect effects on immunity are less known. In particular, since the gut microbiota has been tightly associated with human health and immunity, it is possible that ingested ENMs could affect intestinal immunity indirectly by modulating the microbial community composition and functions. In this perspective, we provide a few pieces of evidence and discuss a possible link connecting ENM exposure, gut microbiota and host immune response. Some experimental works suggest that excessive exposure to ENMs could reshape the gut microbiota, thereby modulating the epithelium integrity and the inflammatory state in the intestine. Within such microenvironment, numerous microbiota-derived components, including but not limited to SCFAs and LPS, may serve as important effectors responsible of the ENM effect on intestinal immunity. Therefore, the gut microbiota is implicated as a crucial regulator of the intestinal immunity upon ENM exposure. This calls for including gut microbiota analysis within future work to assess ENM biocompatibility and immunosafety. This also calls for refinement of future studies that should be designed more elaborately and realistically to mimic the human exposure situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- Department of Surgery, Sloan Kettering Institute Z427-D, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Research Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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228
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Xie S, Zhou A, Wei T, Li S, Yang B, Xu G, Zou J. Nanoplastics Induce More Serious Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inflammation in the Gut of Adult Zebrafish than Microplastics. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:640-650. [PMID: 34379141 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) (< 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (< 100 nm) are emerging environmental pollutants and have been proved could cause a series of toxicity in aquatic organisms. In this study, the effects on gut microbiota of adult zebrafish exposed for 21 days to 10 μg/L and 1 mg/L of MPs (8 μm) and NPs (80 nm) were evaluated. We analyzed the intestinal microbial community of zebrafish using high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region and also performed transcriptional profiling of the inflammation pathway related genes in the intestinal tissues. Our results showed that both spherical polystyrene MPs and NPs could induce microbiota dysbiosis in the gut of zebrafish. The flora diversity of gut microbiota significantly increased under a high concentration of NPs. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly and the abundance of Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobiota decreased significantly in the gut after 21-day exposure to 1 mg/L of both MPs and NPs. Furthermore, interestingly, the abundance of Actinobacteria decreased in the MPs treatment groups but increased in the NPs treatment groups. At the genus level, revealed that the relative abundance of Aeromonas significantly increased both in the MPs and NPs treatment groups. Moreover, it was observed that NPs increased mRNA levels of il8, il10, il1β and tnfα in the gut, but not in MPs exposure group, indicating that the NPs may have a more serious effect on the gut of zebrafish than MPs to induce microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Xie
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, PR China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, PR China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Tianli Wei
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, PR China
| | - Siying Li
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, PR China
| | - Guohuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, PR China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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229
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Sanchez-Hernandez JC. A toxicological perspective of plastic biodegradation by insect larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109117. [PMID: 34186180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of some insect species (Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) can consume and biodegrade synthetic polymers, including polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene. Multiple chemical (polymer mass loss and shift of the molecular weight, alterations in chemical functionality, formation of biodegraded intermediates, CO2 production), physical (surface hydrophobicity, thermal analysis), and biological approaches (antibiotic treatment, gut dysbiosis, isolation of plastic microbial degraders) have provided evidence for polymer biodegradation in the larva digestive tract. However, the extent and rate of biodegradation largely depend on the physicochemical structure of the polymer as well as the presence of additives. Additionally, toxicology associated with plastic biodegradation has not been investigated. This knowledge gap is critical to understand the gut symbiont-host interaction in the biodegradation process, its viability in the long term, the effects of plastic additives and their metabolites, and the phenotypic traits linked to a plastic-rich diet might be transferred in successive generations. Likewise, plastic-eating larvae represent a unique case study for elucidating the mechanisms of toxic action by micro- and nanoplastics because of the high concentration of plastics these organisms may be intentionally exposed to. This perspective review graphically summarizes the current knowledge on plastic biodegradation by insect larvae and describes the physiological processes (digestive and immune systems) that may be disrupted by micro- and nanoplastics. It also provides an outlook to advance current knowledge on the toxicity assessment of plastic-rich diets and the environmental risks of plastic-containing by-products (e.g., insect manure used as fertilizer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Environmental Science and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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230
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Banerjee A, Shelver WL. Micro- and Nanoplastic-Mediated Pathophysiological Changes in Rodents, Rabbits, and Chickens: A Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1480-1495. [PMID: 34347096 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plastics provide tremendous societal benefits and are an indispensable part of our lives. However, fragmented plastics or those intentionally manufactured in small sizes (microplastics and nanoplastics) are of concern because they can infiltrate soils and enter the human food chain through trophic transfer. The pathophysiological impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in humans are not characterized, but their effects in terrestrial mammals may help elucidate their potential effects in humans. Rodent studies have demonstrated that micro- and nanoplastics can breach the intestinal barrier, accumulate in various organs, cause gut dysbosis, decrease mucus secretion, induce metabolic alterations, and cause neurotoxicity, among other pathophysiologic effects. Larger mammals such as rabbits can also absorb microplastics orally. In farm animals such as chickens, microplastics have been detected in the gut, thereby raising food safety concerns. This review mostly focuses on studies conducted to assess effects of micro- and nanoplastic exposure through food and water in terrestrial mammals and farm animals including rodents, rabbits, and chickens; identifies main knowledge gaps; and provides recommendations for further research to understand foodborne micro- and nanoplastic toxicity in humans. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
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231
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Huang Z, Weng Y, Shen Q, Zhao Y, Jin Y. Microplastic: A potential threat to human and animal health by interfering with the intestinal barrier function and changing the intestinal microenvironment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147365. [PMID: 33933760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are widely used in many fields due to their stable physical and chemical properties, and their global production and usage increase significantly every year, which leads to the accumulation of microplastics in the entire ecosystem. Numerous studies have shown that microplastics (MPs) have harmful effects on living organisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive conclusion of the current knowledge of the impacts of MPs on the stability of the gut microenvironment, especially on the gut barrier. Studies showed that exposure to MPs could cause oxidative damage and inflammation in the gut, as well as the destruction of the gut epithelium, reduction of the mucus layer, microbial disorders, and immune cell toxicity. Although there are few reports directly related to humans, we hoped that this review could bring together more and more evidence that exposure to MPs results in disturbances of the intestinal microenvironment. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate their threats to human health further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuizui Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qichen Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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232
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Kanduc D, Shores DR, Kovatsi L, Vardavas AI, Porter AL. Common contributing factors to COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1616-1637. [PMID: 34485092 PMCID: PMC8406546 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) result from an individual's dysfunctional immune response following the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events ultimately leading to COVID-19. We have previously identified many contributing factors (CFs) (representing toxic exposure, lifestyle factors and psychosocial stressors) common to myriad chronic diseases. We hypothesized significant overlap between CFs associated with COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), because of the strong role immune dysfunction plays in each disease. A streamlined dot-product approach was used to identify potential CFs to COVID-19 and IBD. Of the fifty CFs to COVID-19 that were validated for demonstration purposes, approximately half had direct impact on COVID-19 (the CF and COVID-19 were mentioned in the same record; i.e., CF---→COVID-19), and the other half had indirect impact. The nascent character of the COVID-19 core literature (∼ one year old) did not allow sufficient time for the direct impacts of many CFs on COVID-19 to be identified. Therefore, an immune system dysfunction (ID) literature directly related to the COVID-19 core literature was used to augment the COVID-19 core literature and provide the remaining CFs that impacted COVID-19 indirectly (i.e., CF---→immune system dysfunction---→COVID-19). Approximately 13000 potential CFs for myriad diseases (obtained from government and university toxic substance lists) served as the starting point for the dot-product identification process. These phrases were intersected (dot-product) with phrases extracted from a PubMed-derived IBD core literature, a nascent COVID-19 core literature, and the COVID-19-related immune system dysfunction (ID) core literature to identify common ID/COVID-19 and IBD CFs. Approximately 3000 potential CFs common to both ID and IBD, almost 2300 potential CFs common to ID and COVID-19, and over 1900 potential CFs common to IBD and COVID-19 were identified. As proof of concept, we validated fifty of these ∼3000 overlapping ID/IBD candidate CFs with biologic plausibility. We further validated 24 of the fifty as common CFs in the IBD and nascent COVID-19 core literatures. This significant finding demonstrated that the CFs indirectly related to COVID-19 -- identified with use of the immune system dysfunction literature -- are strong candidates to emerge eventually as CFs directly related to COVID-19. As discussed in the main text, many more CFs common to all these core literatures could be identified and validated. ID and IBD share many common risk/contributing factors, including behaviors and toxic exposures that impair immune function. A key component to immune system health is removal of those factors that contribute to immune system dysfunction in the first place. This requires a paradigm shift from traditional Western medicine, which often focuses on treatment, rather than prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Neil Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA, 20155, United States
| | | | - Darja Kanduc
- Dept. of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Darla Roye Shores
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Alexander I. Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology & Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Alan L. Porter
- R&D, Search Technology, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, United States
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
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Fournier E, Etienne-Mesmin L, Grootaert C, Jelsbak L, Syberg K, Blanquet-Diot S, Mercier-Bonin M. Microplastics in the human digestive environment: A focus on the potential and challenges facing in vitro gut model development. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125632. [PMID: 33770682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a major issue worldwide, generating massive amounts of smaller plastic particles, including microplastics (MPs). Their ubiquitous nature in the environment but also in foodstuff and consumer packaged goods has revealed potential threats to humans who can be contaminated mainly through air, food and water consumption. In this review, the current literature on human exposure to MPs is summarized with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract as portal of entry. Then, we discuss the vector effect of MPs, in their pristine versus weathered forms, with well-known contaminants as heavy metals and chemicals, or more emerging ones as antibiotics or microbial pathogens, like Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Comprehensive knowledge on MP fate in the gastrointestinal tract and their potential impact on gut homeostasis disruption, including gut microbiota, mucus and epithelial barrier, is reported in vitro and in vivo in mammals. Special emphasis is given on the crucial need of developing robust in vitro gut models to adequately simulate human digestive physiology and absorption processes. Finally, this review points out future research directions on MPs in human intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Fournier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS (Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health), 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS (Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health), 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Lotte Jelsbak
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS (Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health), 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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234
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Kataoka C, Kashiwada S. Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8305. [PMID: 34361068 PMCID: PMC8347160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunotoxic effects of some anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic organisms are among the causes of concern over the presence of these pollutants in the marine environment. The immune system is part of an organism's biological defense necessarily for homeostasis. Thus, the immunotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms are important to understand the effects of pollutant chemicals in the aquatic ecosystem. When aquatic organisms are exposed to pollutant chemicals with immunotoxicity, it results in poor health. In addition, aquatic organisms are exposed to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Exposure to pollutant chemicals has reportedly caused aquatic organisms to show various immunotoxic symptoms such as histological changes of lymphoid tissue, changes of immune functionality and the distribution of immune cells, and changes in the resistance of organisms to infection by pathogens. Alterations of immune systems by contaminants can therefore lead to the deaths of individual organisms, increase the general risk of infections by pathogens, and probably decrease the populations of some species. This review introduced the immunotoxicological impact of pollutant chemicals in aquatic organisms, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and marine mammals; described typical biomarkers used in aquatic immunotoxicological studies; and then, discussed the current issues on ecological risk assessment and how to address ecological risk assessment through immunotoxicology. Moreover, the usefulness of the population growth rate to estimate the immunotoxicological impact of pollution chemicals was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kataoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan;
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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235
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Asim N, Badiei M, Sopian K. Review of the valorization options for the proper disposal of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2021; 23:101797. [PMID: 34307792 PMCID: PMC8278925 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected not only human health and economies but also the environment due to the large volume of waste in the form of discarded personal protective equipment. The remarkable increase in the global usage of face masks, which mainly contain polypropylene, and improper waste management have led to a serious environmental challenge called microplastic pollution. Potential practices for waste management related to waste valorization of discarded face masks as the major type of waste during the COVID-19 pandemic are explored in this study. Recommendations based on governmental practices, situation of state facilities, and societal awareness and engagement applicable to emergency (including COVID-19 pandemic) and postpandemic scenarios are offered while considering potential solutions and available waste management practices in different countries during emergency conditions. However, multicriteria decision making for a country must determine the optimal solution for waste management on the basis of all affecting factors. Awareness of scientific, governments, and communities worldwide will successfully eradicate this important environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofar Asim
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
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236
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Kim JH, Yu YB, Choi JH. Toxic effects on bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, oxidative stress, immune responses and neurotoxicity in fish exposed to microplastics: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125423. [PMID: 33930961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to microplastics (MP) in aquatic environment leads to bioaccumulation in fish, with MP size being a major factor in determining the accumulation profile. MPs absorbed into the fish body enter the circulatory system and affect hematological properties, changing the blood physiology. MPs also induce an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant capacity, causing oxidative damage. In addition, MPs impact immune responses due to physical and chemical toxicity, and cause neurotoxicity, altering AchE activity. Here, the toxic effects of MPs in fish through various indicators were examined, including bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, antioxidant responses, immune responses, and neurotoxicity in relation to MP exposure, facilitating the identification of biomarkers of MP toxicity following exposure of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- Fisheries Research & Development Institute, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Taean, South Korea; Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, South Korea.
| | - Young-Bin Yu
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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237
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Basini G, Bussolati S, Andriani L, Grolli S, Ramoni R, Bertini S, Iemmi T, Menozzi A, Berni P, Grasselli F. Nanoplastics impair in vitro swine granulosa cell functions. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 76:106611. [PMID: 33662764 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil, water, and air pollution by plastic represents an issue of great concern since the particles produced by degradation of plastic materials can be ingested by animals and humans, with still uncertain health consequences. As a contribution on this crucial subject, the present work reports an investigation on the in vitro effects of different concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics (5, 25, and 75 µg/mL) on swine granulosa cells, a model of endocrine reproductive cells. In particular, cell growth (BrDU incorporation and ATP production), steroidogenesis (17-β estradiol and progesterone secretion) and redox status (superoxide and nitric oxide production, enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenging activity) were studied. Nanoplastics, at the highest concentration, stimulated cell proliferation (P < 0.05), while cell viability resulted unaffected. Steroidogenesis was disrupted (P < 0.05). Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenging activity were increased after exposure at the highest nanoplastic dose (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Nitric oxide secretion was increased by 25 and 75 µg/mL (P < 0.05) while superoxide generation was stimulated (P < 0.001) only by the highest concentration tested. Taken together, main features of cultured swine granulosa cells resulted affected by exposure to nanoplastics. These results raise concerns since environment nanoplastic contamination can represents a serious threat to animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Basini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - S Bussolati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - L Andriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - S Grolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - R Ramoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - S Bertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - T Iemmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - A Menozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - P Berni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - F Grasselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
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238
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Pazos RS, Amalvy J, Cochero J, Pecile A, Gómez N. Temporal patterns in the abundance, type and composition of microplastics on the coast of the Río de la Plata estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112382. [PMID: 33895396 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to establish possible temporal patterns in the microplastics (MPs) abundance in the water and in the intertidal sediment in an urbanized location of the Río de la Plata estuary (Argentina), in relation to environmental factors. The site was sampled monthly for a year (February 2019-January 2020). The presence of MPs was recorded, being more abundant in February in the water (110 MPs m-3) and in April in the sediment (613 MPs m-2). The types of MPs found were fibers, fragments, pellets, film and foam; while the polymers identified were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). Regarding the environmental variables, the predominance of wind from the NE direction was related to a greater accumulation of MPs in the sediment, while wind from the NO direction was associated with a lower abundance of MPs in the water. Also, MPs abundance was negatively related to the larger sizes of sediment particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío S Pazos
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", UNLP-CONICET (CCT La Plata), CC 712, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Javier Amalvy
- CITEMA (Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales), UTN-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Cochero
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", UNLP-CONICET (CCT La Plata), CC 712, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Agostina Pecile
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", UNLP-CONICET (CCT La Plata), CC 712, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nora Gómez
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", UNLP-CONICET (CCT La Plata), CC 712, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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239
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Liang B, Zhong Y, Huang Y, Lin X, Liu J, Lin L, Hu M, Jiang J, Dai M, Wang B, Zhang B, Meng H, Lelaka JJJ, Sui H, Yang X, Huang Z. Underestimated health risks: polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics jointly induce intestinal barrier dysfunction by ROS-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:20. [PMID: 34098985 PMCID: PMC8186235 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micro- and nanoplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem. Nanoplastics in the environment are still hard to detect because of analysis technology limitations. It is believed that when microplastics are found in the environment, more undetected nanoplastics are around. The current “microplastic exposure” is in fact the mixture of micro- and nanoplastic exposures. Therefore, the biological interaction between organisms among different sizes of micro- and nanoplastics should not be neglected. Results We measured the biodistribution of three polystyrene (PS) particles (50 nm PS, PS50; 500 nm PS, PS500; 5000 nm PS, PS5000) under single and co-exposure conditions in mice. We explored the underlying mechanisms by investigating the effects on three major components of the intestinal barrier (the mucus layer, tight junctions and the epithelial cells) in four intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) of mice. We found that the amounts of both PS500 and PS5000 increased when they were co-exposed with PS50 for 24 h in the mice. These increased amounts were due primarily to the increased permeability in the mouse intestines. We also confirmed there was a combined toxicity of PS50 and PS500 in the mouse intestines. This manifested as the mixture of PS50 and PS500 causing more severe dysfunction of the intestinal barrier than that caused by PS50 or PS500 alone. We found that the combined toxicity of PS micro- and nanoplastics on intestinal barrier dysfunction was caused primarily by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis in the mice. These findings were further confirmed by an oxidants or antioxidants pretreatment study. In addition, the combined toxicity of PS micro- and nanoplastics was also found in the mice after a 28-day repeated dose exposure. Conclusions There is a combined toxicity of PS50 and PS500 in the mouse intestines, which was caused primarily by ROS-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis in the mice. Considering that most recent studies on PS micro- and nanoplastics have been conducted using a single particle size, the health risks of exposure to PS micro- and nanoplastics on organisms may be underestimated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00414-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yuji Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Manjiang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Junying Jiang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Dai
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Bingli Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jesse Justin J Lelaka
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Haixia Sui
- Division III of risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, PR China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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240
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Jimenez-Guri E, Roberts KE, García FC, Tourmente M, Longdon B, Godley BJ. Transgenerational effects on development following microplastic exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11369. [PMID: 34012729 PMCID: PMC8109007 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plastic pollution affects all ecosystems, and detrimental effects to animals have been reported in a growing number of studies. However, there is a paucity of evidence for effects on terrestrial animals in comparison to those in the marine realm. Methods We used the fly Drosophila melanogaster to study the effects that exposure to plastics may have on life history traits and immune response. We reared flies in four conditions: In media containing 1% virgin polyethylene, with no chemical additives; in media supplemented with 1% or 4% polyvinyl chloride, known to have a high content of added chemicals; and control flies in non-supplemented media. Plastic particle size ranged from 23–500 µm. We studied fly survival to viral infection, the length of the larval and pupal stage, sex ratios, fertility and the size of the resultant adult flies. We then performed crossings of F1 flies in non-supplemented media and looked at the life history traits of the F2. Results Flies treated with plastics in the food media showed changes in fertility and sex ratio, but showed no differences in developmental times, adult size or the capacity to fight infections in comparison with controls. However, the offspring of treated flies reared in non-supplemented food had shorter life cycles, and those coming from both polyvinyl chloride treatments were smaller than those offspring of controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jimenez-Guri
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom.,Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dhorn, Naples, Italy
| | - Katherine E Roberts
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Francisca C García
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Maximiliano Tourmente
- Institute for Biological and Technological Research (IIByT), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Exact, Physical, and Natural Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ben Longdon
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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241
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Liu S, Shi J, Wang J, Dai Y, Li H, Li J, Liu X, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhang P. Interactions Between Microplastics and Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environments: A Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652520. [PMID: 33967988 PMCID: PMC8100347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), tiny particles broken down from larger pieces of plastics, have accumulated everywhere on the earth. As an inert carbon stream in aquatic environment, they have been reported as carriers for heavy metals and exhibit diverse interactive effects. However, these interactions are still poorly understood, especially mechanisms driving these interactions and how they pose risks on living organisms. In this mini review, a bibliometric analysis in this field was conducted and then the mechanisms driving these interactions were examined, especially emphasizing the important roles of microorganisms on the interactions. Their combined toxic effects and the potential hazards to human health were also discussed. Finally, the future research directions in this field were suggested. This review summarized the recent research progress in this field and highlighted the essential roles of the microbes on the interactions between MPs and heavy metals with the hope to promote more studies to unveil action mechanisms and reduce/eliminate the risks associated with MP presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiafu Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yexin Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
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242
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An Overview of the Sorption Studies of Contaminants on Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Microplastics in the Marine Environment. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems, mainly due to single-use or disposable plastic waste fragmenting into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) and entering oceans from the coasts together with human-made MPs. A rapidly growing worry concerning environmental and human safety has stimulated research interest in the potential risks induced by the chemicals associated with MPs/NPs. In this framework, the present review analyzes the recent advances in adsorption and desorption studies of different contaminants species, both organic and metallic, on MPs made of Poly(Ethylene terephthalate). The choice of PET is motivated by its great diffusion among plastic items and, unfortunately, also in marine plastic pollution. Due to the ubiquitous presence of PET MPS/NPs, the interest in its role as a vector of contaminants has abruptly increased in the last three years, as demonstrated by the very high number of recent papers on sorption studies in different environments. The present review relies on a chemical engineering approach aimed at providing a deeper overview of both the sorption mechanisms of organic and metal contaminants to PET MPs/NPs and the most used adsorption kinetic models to predict the mass transfer process from the liquid phase to the solid adsorbent.
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243
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Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental and social issues of the 21st century. Recent work has highlighted the atmosphere's role in transporting microplastics to remote locations [S. Allen et al., Nat. Geosci. 12, 339 (2019) and J. Brahney, M. Hallerud, E. Heim, M. Hahnenberger, S. Sukumaran, Science 368, 1257-1260 (2020)]. Here, we use in situ observations of microplastic deposition combined with an atmospheric transport model and optimal estimation techniques to test hypotheses of the most likely sources of atmospheric plastic. Results suggest that atmospheric microplastics in the western United States are primarily derived from secondary re-emission sources including roads (84%), the ocean (11%), and agricultural soil dust (5%). Using our best estimate of plastic sources and modeled transport pathways, most continents were net importers of plastics from the marine environment, underscoring the cumulative role of legacy pollution in the atmospheric burden of plastic. This effort uses high-resolution spatial and temporal deposition data along with several hypothesized emission sources to constrain atmospheric plastic. Akin to global biogeochemical cycles, plastics now spiral around the globe with distinct atmospheric, oceanic, cryospheric, and terrestrial residence times. Though advancements have been made in the manufacture of biodegradable polymers, our data suggest that extant nonbiodegradable polymers will continue to cycle through the earth's systems. Due to limited observations and understanding of the source processes, there remain large uncertainties in the transport, deposition, and source attribution of microplastics. Thus, we prioritize future research directions for understanding the plastic cycle.
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Yee MSL, Hii LW, Looi CK, Lim WM, Wong SF, Kok YY, Tan BK, Wong CY, Leong CO. Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:496. [PMID: 33669327 PMCID: PMC7920297 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have enormous impacts to every aspect of daily life including technology, medicine and treatments, and domestic appliances. Most of the used plastics are thrown away by consumers after a single use, which has become a huge environmental problem as they will end up in landfill, oceans and other waterways. These plastics are discarded in vast numbers each day, and the breaking down of the plastics from micro- to nano-sizes has led to worries about how toxic these plastics are to the environment and humans. While, there are several earlier studies reported the effects of micro- and nano-plastics have on the environment, there is scant research into their impact on the human body at subcellular or molecular levels. In particular, the potential of how nano-plastics move through the gut, lungs and skin epithelia in causing systemic exposure has not been examined thoroughly. This review explores thoroughly on how nanoplastics are created, how they behave/breakdown within the environment, levels of toxicity and pollution of these nanoplastics, and the possible health impacts on humans, as well as suggestions for additional research. This paper aims to inspire future studies into core elements of micro- and nano-plastics, the biological reactions caused by their specific and unusual qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Swee-Li Yee
- Centre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.K.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chin King Looi
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.K.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.K.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Shew-Fung Wong
- Center for Environmental and Population Health, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-Y.K.); (B.-K.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Yih-Yih Kok
- Center for Environmental and Population Health, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-Y.K.); (B.-K.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Keat Tan
- Center for Environmental and Population Health, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-Y.K.); (B.-K.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chiew-Yen Wong
- Center for Environmental and Population Health, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-Y.K.); (B.-K.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.K.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249695. [PMID: 33353206 PMCID: PMC7766945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matter, i.e., engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are not inherently pathogenic, and yet cases have been described in which specific nanoparticle types can either induce innate/inflammatory responses or modulate the activity of activated innate cells. Many of these studies rely upon activation by agonists of toll-like receptors, such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, instead of the more realistic stimulation by whole live organisms. In this review we examine and discuss the effects of nanoparticles on innate immune cells activated by live bacteria. We focus in particular on how nanoparticles may interfere with bacterial processes in the context of innate activation, and confine our scope to the effects due to particles themselves, rather than to molecules adsorbed on the particle surface. Finally, we examine the long-lasting consequences of coexposure to nanoparticles and bacteria, in terms of potential microbiome alterations and innate immune memory, and address nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies against bacterial infection.
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