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Murillo Carrasco A, Acosta O, Ponce J, Cotrina J, Aguilar A, Araujo J, Rebaza P, Pinto JA, Fujita R, Buleje J. PUM1 and RNase P genes as potential cell-free DNA markers in breast cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23720. [PMID: 33522650 PMCID: PMC8059717 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is used in clinical research to identify biomarkers for diagnosis of and follow-up on cancer. Here, we propose a fast and innovative approach using traditional housekeeping genes as cfDNA targets in a copy number analysis. We focus on the application of highly sensitive technology such as digital PCR (dPCR) to differentiate breast cancer (BC) patients and controls by quantifying regions of PUM1 and RPPH1 (RNase P) in plasma samples. METHODS We conducted a case-control study with 82 BC patients and 82 healthy women. cfDNA was isolated from plasma using magnetic beads and quantified by spectrophotometry to estimate total cfDNA. Then, both PUM1 and RPPH1 genes were specifically quantified by dPCR. Data analysis was calibrated using a reference genomic DNA in different concentrations. RESULTS We found RNase P and PUM1 values were correlated in the patient group (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.842), but they did not have any correlation in healthy women (ICC = 0.519). In dPCR quantification, PUM1 showed the capacity to distinguish early-stage patients and controls with good specificity (98.67%) and sensitivity (100%). Conversely, RNase P had lower cfDNA levels in triple-negative BC patients than luminal subtypes (p < 0.025 for both), confirming their utility for patient classification. CONCLUSION We propose the PUM1 gene as a cfDNA marker for early diagnosis of BC and RNase P as a cfDNA marker related to hormonal status and subtype classification in BC. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Murillo Carrasco
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Oscar Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Jaime Ponce
- Oncosalud-AUNA, Unidad de la Mama, Lima, Perú
| | - José Cotrina
- Departamento de Cirugía de Mamas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas-INEN, Lima, Perú
| | - Alfredo Aguilar
- Oncosalud-AUNA, Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Lima, Perú
| | - Jhajaira Araujo
- Oncosalud-AUNA, Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Joseph A Pinto
- Oncosalud-AUNA, Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Lima, Perú
| | - Ricardo Fujita
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - José Buleje
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
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202
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Xin Y, Meng K, Guo H, Chen B, Zheng C, Yu K. Exosomal hsa-miR-129-2 and hsa-miR-889 from a 6-microRNA signature might be a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:819-830. [PMID: 33550967 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210125110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a subtype of thyroid cancer with increasing incidence over time. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to build a risk score (RS) system for PTC patients. METHODS PTC microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The 491 PTC samples were randomly divided into training and validation sets. Using the limma software package, differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between the tumor and control groups were screened. In order to construct an RS system, a survival package was used to select independent miRNAs related to prognosis. Enrichment analysis was performed, and a miRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed. High-throughput sequencing was also used to verify the prognostic miRNAs in exosomes. RESULTS We found 1363 DEGs and 171 DEMs between the tumor and control groups. After identifying 26 DEMs that were significantly related to prognosis, 6 independent prognosis-associated miRNAs were selected to build an RS system. The areas under the curves of the overall survival rates of the training, validation, and entire sets were 0.847, 0.772, and 0.819, respectively. By conducting pathway analysis using the miRNA-mRNA co-expression network, one overlapping factor and five overlapping pathways were obtained. In addition, high-throughput sequencing revealed that the hsa-miR-129-2, hsa-miR-548j, hsa-miR-6734, and hsa-miR-889 expression levels in TCGA tumor tissues and exosomes were consistent, and those of hsa-miR-129-2 and hsa-miR-889 between patients and controls were significantly different in exosomes. CONCLUSION The six-miRNA RS system in exosomes may comprise independent signatures for predicting PTC patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- Head and Neck & Thyroid Surgical Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310014. China
| | - Kexin Meng
- Head and Neck & Thyroid Surgical Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310014. China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- Head and Neck & Thyroid Surgical Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310014. China
| | - Bin Chen
- General Surgery Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310014. China
| | - Chuanming Zheng
- Head and Neck & Thyroid Surgical Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310014. China
| | - Kun Yu
- Head and Neck & Thyroid Surgical Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310014. China
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203
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Yang HC, Rhee WJ. Single Step In Situ Detection of Surface Protein and MicroRNA in Clustered Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020319. [PMID: 33477255 PMCID: PMC7831033 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Because cancers are heterogeneous, it is evident that multiplexed detection is required to achieve disease diagnosis with high accuracy and specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been a subject of great interest as sources of novel biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. However, EVs are nano-sized particles that are difficult to handle; thus, it is necessary to develop a method that enables efficient and straightforward EV biomarker detection. In the present study, we developed a method for single step in situ detection of EV surface proteins and inner miRNAs simultaneously using a flow cytometer. CD63 antibody and molecular beacon-21 were investigated for multiplexed biomarker detection in normal and cancer EVs. A phospholipid-polymer-phospholipid conjugate was introduced to induce clustering of the EVs analyzed using nanoparticle tracking analysis, which enhanced the detection signals. As a result, the method could detect and distinguish cancer cell-derived EVs using a flow cytometer. Thus, single step in situ detection of multiple EV biomarkers using a flow cytometer can be applied as a simple, labor- and time-saving, non-invasive liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Cheol Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-835-8299
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204
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Wilson HE, Stanton DA, Rellick S, Geldenhuys W, Pistilli EE. Breast cancer-associated skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation is reversed by PPARG. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C577-C590. [PMID: 33439777 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00264.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been previously implicated in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle dysfunction in women with breast cancer (BC) and animal models of BC. This study investigated alterations induced in skeletal muscle by BC-derived factors in an in vitro conditioned media (CM) system and tested the hypothesis that BC cells secrete a factor that represses PPAR-γ (PPARG) expression and its transcriptional activity, leading to downregulation of PPARG target genes involved in mitochondrial function and other metabolic pathways. We found that BC-derived factors repress PPAR-mediated transcriptional activity without altering protein expression of PPARG. Furthermore, we show that BC-derived factors induce significant alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and lipid accumulation, which are rescued with exogenous expression of PPARG. The PPARG agonist drug rosiglitazone was able to rescue BC-induced lipid accumulation but did not rescue effects of BC-derived factors on PPAR-mediated transcription or mitochondrial function. These data suggest that BC-derived factors alter lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function via different mechanisms that are both related to PPARG signaling, with mitochondrial dysfunction likely being altered via repression of PPAR-mediated transcription, and lipid accumulation being altered via transcription-independent functions of PPARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Wilson
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Program, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David A Stanton
- Department of Human Performance, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Stephanie Rellick
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Werner Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Emidio E Pistilli
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Human Performance, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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205
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Zhao L, Shi J, Chang L, Wang Y, Liu S, Li Y, Zhang T, Zuo T, Fu B, Wang G, Ruan Y, Zhang Y, Xu P. Serum-Derived Exosomal Proteins as Potential Candidate Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:827-835. [PMID: 33458533 PMCID: PMC7808137 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of hepatic malignancies. The diagnosis of HCC remains challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic method. Exosomes, which are abundant in various proteins from parent cells, play pivotal roles in intercellular communication and have been confirmed as promising sources of disease biomarkers. Herein, we performed a simple but robust proteomic profiling on exosomes derived from 1 μL of serum using a data-independent acquisition (DIA) method for the first time, to screen potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC. Ten pivotal differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (von Willebrand factor (VWF), LGALS3BP, TGFB1, SERPINC1, HPX, HP, HBA1, FGA, FGG, and FGB) were screened as a potential candidate biomarker panel, which could completely discriminate patients with HCC from normal control (NC). Interestingly, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) revealed that the expression levels of four genes increased and those of six genes decreased in HCC tissues compared with normal tissues, which were in concordance with protein expression levels. In conclusion, we screened 10 exosomal proteins holding promise for acting as a potential candidate biomarker panel for detection of HCC through a simple but robust proteomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- Medical
School of Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Medical
School of Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key
Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Medical
School of Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Medical
School of Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
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206
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Extracellular Vesicles in Liquid Biopsies: Potential for Disease Diagnosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6611244. [PMID: 33506022 PMCID: PMC7814955 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6611244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is conducted through minimally invasive or noninvasive procedures, and the resulting material can be subjected to genomic, proteomic, and lipidomic analyses for early diagnosis of cancers and other diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), one kind of promising tool for liquid biopsy, are nanosized bilayer particles that are secreted by all kinds of cells and that carry cargoes such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, protecting them from enzymatic degradation in the extracellular environment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive introduction to the properties and applications of EVs, including their biogenesis, contents, sample collection, isolation, and applications in diagnostics based on liquid biopsy.
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207
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Wu HJ, Chu PY. Recent Discoveries of Macromolecule- and Cell-Based Biomarkers and Therapeutic Implications in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020636. [PMID: 33435254 PMCID: PMC7827149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Breast cancer is fairly heterogeneous and reveals six molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, basal-like subtype (ER−, PR−, and HER2−), normal breast-like, and claudin-low. Breast cancer screening and early diagnosis play critical roles in improving therapeutic outcomes and prognosis. Mammography is currently the main commercially available detection method for breast cancer; however, it has numerous limitations. Therefore, reliable noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are required. Biomarkers used in cancer range from macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, to whole cells. Biomarkers for cancer risk, diagnosis, proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis have been identified in breast cancer. In addition, there is currently a greater demand for personalized or precise treatments; moreover, the identification of novel biomarkers to further the development of new drugs is urgently needed. In this review, we summarize and focus on the recent discoveries of promising macromolecules and cell-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and provide implications for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ju Wu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Town, Changhua County 505, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, No. 542, Sec. 1 Chung-Shan Rd., Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-611-855; Fax: +886-4-7227-116
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208
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Gao S, Shi P, Tian Z, Yang X, Liu N. Overexpression of miR-1225 promotes the progression of breast cancer, resulting in poor prognosis. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:287-296. [PMID: 33423149 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, with metastasis as the principal cause of mortality. MiR-1225 has been reported to play roles in the progression of various cancers, but its role in breast cancer was unclear. The expression of miR-1225 was investigated in breast cancer tissues and cells by quantitative real-time PCR. The role of miR-1225 in the cell process of OS was analyzed by CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay. The prognostic value of miR-1225 was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis. miR-1225 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues, which was associated with the TNM stage of breast cancer patients. The prognosis of patients with high miR-1225 expression was worse than that of patients with low miR-1225 expression, which indicated that miR-1225 acted as an independent factor for the prognosis of breast cancer. Additionally, the upregulation of miR-1225 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer, which suggested miR-1225 might be involved in the progression of breast cancer. JAK1 was identified as the direct target of miR-1225, which was also involved in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer. The overexpression of miR-1225 in breast cancer indicates a poor prognosis of patients and promotes the progression of breast cancer by targeting JAK1. miR-1225 may be a biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfa Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Chengwu People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Heze, 274200, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Gland Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhishuai Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Chengwu People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Heze, 274200, Shandong, China
| | - Xingwang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zibo City Linzi District People's Hospital, No. 139, Huangong Road, Zibo, 255400, Shandong, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xi'antai Avenue, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China.
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209
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Kang T, Zhu J, Luo X, Jia W, Wu P, Cai C. Controlled Self-Assembly of a Close-Packed Gold Octahedra Array for SERS Sensing Exosomal MicroRNAs. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2519-2526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuli Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| | - Jingtian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
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210
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Yuan X, Qian N, Ling S, Li Y, Sun W, Li J, Du R, Zhong G, Liu C, Yu G, Cao D, Liu Z, Wang Y, Qi Z, Yao Y, Wang F, Liu J, Hao S, Jin X, Zhao Y, Xue J, Zhao D, Gao X, Liang S, Li Y, Song J, Yu S, Li Y. Breast cancer exosomes contribute to pre-metastatic niche formation and promote bone metastasis of tumor cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1429-1445. [PMID: 33391543 PMCID: PMC7738874 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Breast cancer preferentially develops osteolytic bone metastasis, which makes patients suffer from pain, fractures and spinal cord compression. Accumulating evidences have shown that exosomes play an irreplaceable role in pre-metastatic niche formation as a communication messenger. However, the function of exosomes secreted by breast cancer cells remains incompletely understood in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Methods: Mouse xenograft models and intravenous injection of exosomes were applied for analyzing the role of breast cancer cell-derived exosomes in vivo. Effects of exosomes secreted by the mildly metastatic MDA231 and its subline SCP28 with highly metastatic ability on osteoclasts formation were confirmed by TRAP staining, ELISA, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometric analyses, and pit formation assay. The candidate exosomal miRNAs for promoting osteoclastogenesis were globally screened by RNA-seq. qRT-PCR, western blot, confocal microscopy, and RNA interfering were performed to validate the function of exosomal miRNA. Results: Implantation of SCP28 tumor cells in situ leads to increased osteoclast activity and reduced bone density, which contributes to the formation of pre-metastatic niche for tumor cells. We found SCP28 cells-secreted exosomes are critical factors in promoting osteoclast differentiation and activation, which consequently accelerates bone lesion to reconstruct microenvironment for bone metastasis. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-21 derived from SCP28 cells facilitates osteoclastogenesis through regulating PDCD4 protein levels. Moreover, miR-21 level in serum exosomes of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis is significantly higher than that in other subpopulations. Conclusion: Our results indicate that breast cancer cell-derived exosomes play an important role in promoting breast cancer bone metastasis, which is associated with the formation of pre-metastatic niche via transferring miR-21 to osteoclasts. The data from patient samples further reflect the significance of miR-21 as a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Abstract
Emerging evidences have implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoparticles secreted by cells, in regulating cancer progression. Several seminal studies on EVs have added an additional layer to the previously unanswered questions in understanding the complexity of diseases such as cancer. It has been observed that EV content is highly heterogenous and it likely reflects the dynamic state of the parent cell. Hence, these nano-sized vesicles have been proposed as reservoirs of cancer biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Due to their presence in almost all biological fluids, ability to display membrane, and sometimes cytosolic, cargo of its host cell and increase in their number during disease states has supported the potential utility of EVs as an alternative to current methods of cancer diagnosis. The following chapter will discuss the use of cancer cell-derived EVs as a resource of tumor specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of disease. In addition, EVs could also be used in personalised medicine as a resource of predictive biomarkers to understand a patient's response to therapy. Overall, EVs could be exploited as a source of cancer biomarkers and could aid in treatment and stratification options to improve patient survival and quality of life.
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212
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Cancer-secreted exosomal miR-1468-5p promotes tumor immune escape via the immunosuppressive reprogramming of lymphatic vessels. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1512-1528. [PMID: 33388421 PMCID: PMC8058488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are an active barrier to the effector arm of the anti-tumor immune response; however, it remains unclear how LECs become immunosuppressive in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been implicated in intercellular crosstalk within the TME. Here, we report a mechanistic model via which cervical cancer-secreted, exosome-encapsulated microRNA (miR)-1468-5p promotes lymphatic PD-L1 upregulation and lymphangiogenesis to impair T cell immunity. Subsequently, exosomal miR-1468-5p epigenetically activates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in LECs by directly targeting homeobox containing 1 (HMBOX1) in the SOCS1 promoter, activating an immunosuppressive program that allows cancer cells to escape anti-cancer immunity. Furthermore, clinical data reveal that high serum exosomal miR-1468-5p levels correlate with TME immunosuppressive status and poor prognosis in cervical cancer (CCa) patients. Taken together, our results suggest that cancer-secreted exosomal miR-1468-5p instructs LECs to form an integrated immunosuppressive TME component and may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CCa.
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213
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Exosomes: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010084. [PMID: 33396739 PMCID: PMC7795854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current scientific evidence concerning the role played by exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The potential use of exosomes as delivery vectors for small-molecule therapeutic agents will be discussed. In addition, a special emphasis will be placed on the involvement of exosomes in oncological diseases, as well as to their potential therapeutic application as liquid biopsy tools mainly in cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of exosome biology could improve the results of clinical interventions using exosomes as therapeutic agents. Abstract Exosomes are lipid bilayer particles released from cells into their surrounding environment. These vesicles are mediators of near and long-distance intercellular communication and affect various aspects of cell biology. In addition to their biological function, they play an increasingly important role both in diagnosis and as therapeutic agents. In this paper, we review recent literature related to the molecular composition of exosomes, paying special attention to their role in pathogenesis, along with their application as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools. In this context, we analyze the potential use of exosomes in biomedicine, as well as the limitations that preclude their wider application.
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214
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Syedmoradi L, Norton ML, Omidfar K. Point-of-care cancer diagnostic devices: From academic research to clinical translation. Talanta 2020; 225:122002. [PMID: 33592810 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early and timely diagnosis of cancer plays a decisive role in appropriate treatment and improves clinical outcomes, improving public health. Significant advances in biosensor technologies are leading to the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, making the testing process faster, easier, cost-effective, and suitable for on-site measurements. Moreover, the incorporation of various nanomaterials into the sensing platforms has yielded POC testing (POCT) platforms with enhanced sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and simplified detection schemes. POC cancer diagnostic devices provide promising platforms for cancer biomarker detection as compared to conventional in vitro diagnostics, which are time-consuming and require sophisticated instrumentation, centralized laboratories, and experienced operators. Current innovative approaches in POC technologies, including biosensors, smartphone interfaces, and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices are expected to quickly transform the healthcare landscape. However, only a few cancer POC devices (e.g. lateral flow platforms) have been translated from research laboratories to clinical care, likely due to challenges include sampling procedures, low levels of sensitivity and specificity in clinical samples, system integration and signal readout requirements. In this review, we emphasize recent advances in POC diagnostic devices for cancer biomarker detection and discuss the critical challenges which must be surmounted to facilitate their translation into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Syedmoradi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael L Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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215
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Jang JY, Kim YS, Kang KN, Kim KH, Park YJ, Kim CW. Multiple microRNAs as biomarkers for early breast cancer diagnosis. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 14:31. [PMID: 33414912 PMCID: PMC7783718 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) is stably present in plasma. It has been reported that miRNA could be used for detecting cancer. Circulating miRNAs are being increasingly recognized as powerful biomarkers in a number of different pathologies, including in breast cancer. The aim of the current study was to establish and validate miRNA sets that are useful for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Specifically, the current study intended to determine whether miRNA biomarkers were tumor-specific and to statistically verify whether circulating miRNA analysis could be used for breast cancer diagnosis. In the present study, a total of nine candidate miRNA biomarkers were selected by examining reference miRNAs associated with the generation and progression of breast cancer to identify novel miRNAs that could be used to detect early breast cancer. A total of 226 plasma samples from patients with breast cancer were used. In addition, 146 plasma healthy samples were used as non-cancer controls. These samples were divided into training and validation cohorts. The training cohort was used to identify a combination of miRNA that could detect breast cancer. The validation cohort was used to validate this combination of miRNA. Total RNAs were isolated from collected samples. A total of 9 miRNAs were quantified using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. A total of nine candidate miRNA expression levels were compared between patients with breast cancer and healthy controls. It was indicated that combinations of two or more of the nine miRNAs could detect breast cancer with higher accuracy than the use of a single biomarker. As a representative example, combinations of four miRNAs (miR-1246+miR-206+miR-24+miR-373) of the nine miRNAs had a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 96% and an accuracy of 97% for breast cancer detection in the validation cohort. The results of the present study suggest that multiple miRNAs could be used as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of breast cancer. These biomarkers are expected to overcome limitations of mammography when used as an auxiliary diagnosis of mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Jang
- BIOINFRA Life Science Inc., Jongno-gu, Seoul 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Kim
- DIOGENE Inc., Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Nam Kang
- BIOINFRA Life Science Inc., Jongno-gu, Seoul 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Hyun Kim
- DIOGENE Inc., Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Park
- BIOINFRA Life Science Inc., Jongno-gu, Seoul 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Kim
- BIOINFRA Life Science Inc., Jongno-gu, Seoul 03127, Republic of Korea
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Tellez-Gabriel M, Knutsen E, Perander M. Current Status of Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Tumor DNA, and Exosomes in Breast Cancer Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9457. [PMID: 33322643 PMCID: PMC7763984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Although the five-, ten- and fifteen-year survival rates are good for breast cancer patients diagnosed with early-stage disease, some cancers recur many years after completion of primary therapy. Tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution may lead to distant metastasis and therapy resistance, which are the main causes of breast cancer-associated deaths. In the clinic today, imaging techniques like mammography and tissue biopsies are used to diagnose breast cancer. Even though these methods are important in primary diagnosis, they have limitations when it comes to longitudinal monitoring of residual disease after treatment, disease progression, therapy responses, and disease recurrence. Over the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive potential of circulating cancer-derived material acquired through liquid biopsies in breast cancer. Thanks to the development of sensitive devices and platforms, a variety of tumor-derived material, including circulating cancer cells (CTCs), circulating DNA (ctDNA), and biomolecules encapsulated in extracellular vesicles, can now be extracted and analyzed from body fluids. Here we will review the most recent studies on breast cancer, demonstrating the clinical potential and utility of CTCs and ctDNA. We will also review literature illustrating the potential of circulating exosomal RNA and proteins as future biomarkers in breast cancer. Finally, we will discuss some of the advantages and limitations of liquid biopsies and the future perspectives of this field in breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tellez-Gabriel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9011 Tromsø, Norway; (E.K.); (M.P.)
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Daly R, O'Driscoll L. Extracellular vesicles in blood: are they viable as diagnostic and predictive tools in breast cancer? Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:778-785. [PMID: 33285296 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), often described as mini-maps of their cells of origin, are found in the bloodstream and can be rich sources of cargo released from cancer cells. As such, they could be collected through minimally invasive methods and potentially used as biomarkers. However, the relatively complicated methodologies that separate the purest EVs are the least likely to be translated to the clinic, whereas simpler methods are non-selective for EVs. Notwithstanding this, research is underway to identify blood-based EV-associated diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for breast cancer. There is reason to be optimistic that some approaches will yield useful biomarkers. Thus, further studies with larger cohorts of appropriate samples are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Daly
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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218
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Möller A, Lobb RJ. The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:697-709. [PMID: 32958932 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded as having promising potential to be used as therapeutics and disease biomarkers. Mechanistically, EVs have been shown to function in most, if not all, steps of cancer progression. Cancer EVs, including small EVs (sEVs), contain unique biomolecular cargo, consisting of protein, nucleic acid and lipids. Through progress in the identification of this specific cargo, cancer biomarkers have been identified and developed, opening up novel and interesting opportunities for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Intriguingly, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the cancer-specific pathways that govern EV biogenesis in cancer cells. Filling this knowledge gap will rapidly improve cancer EV biomarkers, as it will also allow discrimination of the procancer and anticancer actions of those EVs. Even more promising is uncovering therapeutically targetable, tumour-specific EV pathways and content, which will generate novel classes of cancer therapies. This Review highlights the progress the cancer sEV field has made in the areas of biomarker discovery and validation as well as sEV-based therapeutics, highlights the challenges we are facing and identifies gaps in our knowledge, which currently prevent us from developing the full potential of sEVs in cancer diagnostic and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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219
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Wang LL, Chen WQ, Wang YR, Zeng LP, Chen TT, Chen GY, Chen JH. Numerous long single-stranded DNAs produced by dual amplification reactions for electrochemical detection of exosomal microRNAs. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Amelio I, Bertolo R, Bove P, Buonomo OC, Candi E, Chiocchi M, Cipriani C, Di Daniele N, Ganini C, Juhl H, Mauriello A, Marani C, Marshall J, Montanaro M, Palmieri G, Piacentini M, Sica G, Tesauro M, Rovella V, Tisone G, Shi Y, Wang Y, Melino G. Liquid biopsies and cancer omics. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:131. [PMID: 33298891 PMCID: PMC7691330 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the sequencing technologies allowed the generation of huge amounts of molecular data from a single cancer specimen, allowing the clinical oncology to enter the era of the precision medicine. This massive amount of data is highlighting new details on cancer pathogenesis but still relies on tissue biopsies, which are unable to capture the dynamic nature of cancer through its evolution. This assumption led to the exploration of non-tissue sources of tumoral material opening the field of liquid biopsies. Blood, together with body fluids such as urines, or stool, from cancer patients, are analyzed applying the techniques used for the generation of omics data. With blood, this approach would allow to take into account tumor heterogeneity (since the circulating components such as CTCs, ctDNA, or ECVs derive from each cancer clone) in a time dependent manner, resulting in a somehow "real-time" understanding of cancer evolution. Liquid biopsies are beginning nowdays to be applied in many cancer contexts and are at the basis of many clinical trials in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Amelio
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Claudio Buonomo
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipriani
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Marani
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - John Marshall
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Palmieri
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sica
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Lorenc T, Chrzanowski J, Olejarz W. Current Perspectives on Clinical Use of Exosomes as a Personalized Contrast Media and Theranostics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3386. [PMID: 33207614 PMCID: PMC7698051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An appropriate combination of biomarkers and imaging technologies will become standard practice in the future. Because the incidence of and mortality from cancers is rising, the further study of new approaches for the early detection and precise characterization of tumors is essential. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, prove to have great potential when it comes to diagnosis and targeted therapy. Due to their natural ability to pass through biological barriers, depending on their origin, EVs can accumulate at defined sites, including tumors, preferentially. This manuscript discusses the difficulties and simplicities of processing cell-derived materials, packaging diverse groups of agents in EVs, and activating the biological complex. Developing exosome-based diagnostic techniques to detect disease precisely and early as well as treat disease marks a new era of personalized radiology and nuclear medicine. As circulating drug delivery vehicles for novel therapeutic modalities, EVs offer a new platform for cancer theranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lorenc
- Ist Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego Street, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julian Chrzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.C.); (W.O.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.C.); (W.O.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Barba D, León-Sosa A, Lugo P, Suquillo D, Torres F, Surre F, Trojman L, Caicedo A. Breast cancer, screening and diagnostic tools: All you need to know. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103174. [PMID: 33249359 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among women worldwide. Methods for screening and diagnosis allow health care professionals to provide personalized treatments that improve the outcome and survival. Scientists and physicians are working side-by-side to develop evidence-based guidelines and equipment to detect cancer earlier. However, the lack of comprehensive interdisciplinary information and understanding between biomedical, medical, and technology professionals makes innovation of new screening and diagnosis tools difficult. This critical review gathers, for the first time, information concerning normal breast and cancer biology, established and emerging methods for screening and diagnosis, staging and grading, molecular and genetic biomarkers. Our purpose is to address key interdisciplinary information about these methods for physicians and scientists. Only the multidisciplinary interaction and communication between scientists, health care professionals, technical experts and patients will lead to the development of better detection tools and methods for an improved screening and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barba
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ariana León-Sosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Lugo
- Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador; Fundación Ayuda Familiar y Comunitaria AFAC, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Suquillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Ingeniería en Procesos Biotecnológicos, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Torres
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Frederic Surre
- University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Trojman
- LISITE, Isep, 75006, Paris, France; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías Politécnico - USFQ, Instituto de Micro y Nanoelectrónica, IMNE, USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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Chen KH, Pan MJ, Jargalsaikhan Z, Ishdorj TO, Tseng FG. Development of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Surface-Corrugated Nanopillars for Biomolecular Detection of Colorectal Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E163. [PMID: 33142781 PMCID: PMC7692079 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a nanobiosensor with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) capability is introduced for highly sensitive miRNA detection in colorectal cancer. This sensor was designed and fabricated by employing a nanoshielding mechanism from nanopolystyrene beads to resist reactive ion etching and allow anisotropic electrochemical etching, producing high-aspect-ratio, surface-corrugated nanopillars (SiNPs) on a silicon wafer to create extensive hot spots along the nanopillars for improved SERS signals. SERS enhancements were correlated with nanorange roughness, indicating that hot spots along the pillars were the crucial factor to improve the SERS effect. We achieved the detection capability of a trace amount of R6G (10-8 M), and the SERS signal enhancement factor (EF) was close to 1.0 × 107 on surface-corrugated gold SiNPs. miRNA samples were also demonstrated on this sensor with good sensitivity and specificity. The target molecule miR-21-Cy5 was easily monitored through Raman spectrum variation with a PCR-comparable concentration at around 100 pM with clear nucleotide-specific Raman signals, which is also suitable for biomolecule sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Chen
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Ju Pan
- Engineering and System Science Dept., National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Zoljargal Jargalsaikhan
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar 13341-0048, Mongolia; (Z.J.); (T.-O.I.)
| | - Tseren-Onolt Ishdorj
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar 13341-0048, Mongolia; (Z.J.); (T.-O.I.)
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu 30013, Taiwan;
- Engineering and System Science Dept., National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu 30013, Taiwan;
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Xian XS, Wang YT, Jiang XM. Propofol Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Stomach Cancer Cells by Regulating miR-205/YAP1 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10771-10779. [PMID: 33149682 PMCID: PMC7605617 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s270344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Propofol is a common clinical intravenous anesthetic. In the last few years, studies have revealed that propofol not only has good anesthetic effect but also has certain anticancer effect. However, its role in stomach cancer (SC) and related mechanisms are still under investigation. Objective This study was designed to determine the effect of propofol on SC and its related mechanisms. Methods Purchased SC cells were treated with propofol at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 μg/mL), miR-205 overexpression, and YAP1 inhibition. Then, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), Transwell, and flow cytometry were carried out to determine the biological behavior changes of treated cells and the expression of miR-205 and YAP1 after treatment. Results Propofol (10 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of SC cells and promoted their apoptosis, and overexpressing miR-205 or inhibiting YAP1 can exert the same effects. In addition, propofol (10μg/mL and 20μg/mL) up-regulated miR-205 in SC cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that YAP1 could be targeted and regulated by miR-205, and the rescue assay revealed that inhibiting miR-205 or overexpressing YAP1 could weaken the effect of propofol on the biological behaviors of SC cells. Conclusion Propofol can strongly suppress the proliferation and invasion of SC cells and induce their apoptosis via the miR-205/YAP1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Shu Xian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Jiang
- Department of Digestive, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
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225
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Estébanez B, Jiménez-Pavón D, Huang CJ, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J. Effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo in in vivo and ex vivo models: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3336-3353. [PMID: 33037627 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-released exosomes have been identified as novel players to mediate cell-to-cell communication in promoting systemic beneficial effects. This review aimed to systematically investigate the effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo, as well as provide an overview of their physiological implications. Among the 436 articles obtained in the database search (WOS, Scopus, and PubMed), 19 articles were included based on eligibility criteria. Results indicate that exercise promotes the release of exosomes without modification of its vesicle size. The literature has primarily shown an exercise-driven increase in exosome markers (Alix, CD63, CD81, and Flot-1), along with other exosome-carried proteins, into circulation. However, exosome isolation, characterization, and phenotyping methodology, as well as timing of sample recovery following exercise can influence the analysis and interpretation of findings. Moreover, a large number of exosome-carried microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, and miR-486, in response to exercise are involved in the modulation of proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle tissue, although antigen-presenting cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets are the main sources of exosome release into the circulation. Collectively, with the physiological implications as evidenced by the ex vivo trials, the release of exercise-promoted exosomes and their cargo could provide the potential therapeutic applications via the role of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, MOVE-IT Research Group, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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226
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Exosomal Long Non-coding RNAs: Emerging Players in the Tumor Microenvironment. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 23:1371-1383. [PMID: 33738133 PMCID: PMC7940039 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in exosome biology have uncovered a significant role of exosomes in cancer and make them a determining factor in intercellular communication. Exosomes are types of extracellular vesicles that are involved in the communication between cells by exchanging various signaling molecules between the surrounding cells. Among various signaling molecules, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA having a size of more than 200 nt in length and lacking protein-coding potential, have emerged as crucial regulators of intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes containing various lncRNAs, known as exosomal lncRNAs, reprogram the microenvironment by regulating numerous cellular functions, including the regulation of gene transcription that favors cancer growth and progression, thus significantly determining the biological effects of exosomes. In addition, deregulated expression of lncRNAs is found in various human cancers and serves as a diagnostic biomarker to predict cancer type. The present review discusses the role of exosomal lncRNAs in the crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding cells of the microenvironment. Furthermore, we also discuss the involvement of exosomal lncRNAs within the tumor microenvironment in favoring tumor growth, metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, and tumor-supportive autophagy. Therefore, lncRNAs can be used as a therapeutic target in the treatment of various human cancers.
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227
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Immunomodulatory effects of avian β-defensin 5 in chicken macrophage cell line. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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228
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Jabbari N, Akbariazar E, Feqhhi M, Rahbarghazi R, Rezaie J. Breast cancer-derived exosomes: Tumor progression and therapeutic agents. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6345-6356. [PMID: 32216070 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) for intercellular communication. EVs by transporting different proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids contribute to affect target cell function and fate. EVs which originate directly from multivesicular bodies so-called exosomes have dramatically fascinated the attention of researchers owing to their pivotal roles in the tumorigenesis. Breast cancer, arising from milk-producing cells, is the most identified cancer among women and has become the leading cause of cancer-related death in women globally. Although different therapies are applied to eliminate breast tumor cells, however, the efficient therapy and survival rate of patients remain challenges. Growing evidence shows exosomes from breast cancer cells contribute to proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and also radioresistance and, thus carcinogenesis. Additionally, these exosomes may serve as a cancer treatment tool because they are a good candidate for cancer diagnosis (as biomarker) and therapy (as drug-carrier). Despite recent development in the biology of tumor-derived exosomes, the detailed mechanism of tumorigenesis, and exosome-based cancer-therapy remain still indefinable. Here, we discuss the key function of breast cancer-derived exosomes in tumorgenesis and shed light on the possible clinical application of these exosomes in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Jabbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elinaz Akbariazar
- Department of Genetic, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Feqhhi
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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229
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Xiang H, Chen S, Zhou J, Guo J, Zhou Q, Zhou Q. Characterization of blood-derived exosomal proteins after exercise. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520957541. [PMID: 32972266 PMCID: PMC7522842 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520957541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess changes in plasma exosome levels and protein content in mice after long-term exercise. Methods We subjected 9-month-old adult C57BL/6J mice to daily treadmill running exercise for 4 weeks prior to the isolation of blood-derived exosomes. Exosomal proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. Results Extracellular bodies were successfully isolated from mouse blood. Protein levels were altered in blood-derived exosomes after chronic treadmill exercise. Levels of the secretagogue secretogranin 2 were markedly elevated in exercise-induced exosomes. Conclusion Our data suggest that levels of secretogranin 2 were increased in mouse exosomes following chronic treadmill exercise. We conclude that exercise increases exocrine secretion of secretogranin 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Xiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shisheng Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junhan Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junxiu Guo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education of PRC, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qishuang Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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230
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Zhang Y, Bi J, Huang J, Tang Y, Du S, Li P. Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6917-6934. [PMID: 33061359 PMCID: PMC7519827 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s264498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other bioactive substances to play a role in the body's physiological and pathological processes. Compared to synthetic carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles, the endogeneity and heterogeneity of exosomes give them extensive and unique advantages in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the storage stability, low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit its clinical application. For this reason, further exploration is needed to optimize the above problems and facilitate future functional studies of exosomes. In this paper, the origin, classification, preparation and characterization, storage stability and applications of exosome delivery system are summarized and discussed by searching a large number of literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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231
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Li X, He X, Wang J, Wang D, Cong P, Zhu A, Chen W. The Regulation of Exosome-Derived miRNA on Heterogeneity of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2175. [PMID: 33013913 PMCID: PMC7511579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted by most cells, which can deliver a variety of functional lipids, proteins, and RNAs into the target cells to participate in complex intercellular communications. Cells respond to certain physical, chemical, and biological stimuli by releasing exosomes. Exosomes are rich in small molecules of RNA, including miRNAs and mRNAs, which have been demonstrated to have certain functions in recipient cells. Recent studies on single-cell RNA sequences have revealed the transcription and the heterogeneity of macrophages in Ldlr-/-mice fed with a high-fat diet. Five macrophage populations were found in the atherosclerotic plaques. It is worth noting that these subset populations of macrophages seem to be endowed with different functions in lipid metabolism and catabolism. A total of 100 differentially expressed mRNAs were selected for these subset populations. Importantly, these macrophage populations were also present in human advanced atherosclerosis. To clarify the specific functions and the regulatory mechanism of these macrophage populations, we extracted exosome RNAs from the plasma of patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and performed RNA sequencing analysis. Compared with the healthy control, a total of 14 miRNAs were significantly expressed in these patients. A total of 5,248 potential mRNAs were predicted by the bioinformatics platform. Next, we determined the outcome of the intersection of these predicted mRNAs with 100 mRNAs expressed in the above-mentioned five macrophage populations. Based on the screening of miRNA-mRNA pairs, a co-expression network was drawn to find out the key RNAs. Three down-regulated miRNAs and five up-regulated mRNAs were selected for validation by real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of miR-4498 in plasma exosomes was lower than that in the healthy control, and the expressions of Ctss, Ccr2 and Trem2 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from CAD patients were higher. In order to clarify the regulatory mechanism, we established a co-culture system in vitro. Studies have shown that the uptake of exosomes from CAD patients can up-regulate the expression of Ctss, Trem2, and Ccr2 mRNA in THP-1 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Our findings revealed a unique relationship between the transcriptional signature and the phenotypic heterogeneity of macrophage in the atherosclerotic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyong He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- The First Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Medical Science of Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Peiwei Cong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenna Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.,Department of Medical Science of Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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232
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Logozzi M, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Fais S. Exosomes: A Source for New and Old Biomarkers in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2566. [PMID: 32916840 PMCID: PMC7565506 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical oncology needs reliable tumor biomarkers to allow a follow-up of tumor patients who do not necessarily need invasive approaches. To date, the existing biomarkers are not sufficiently reliable, and many of them have generated more problems than facilitating the commitment of clinical oncologists. Over the last decades, a broad family of extracellular vesicles, with size ranging between micro to nano, has been raised as a new hope for potential sources of new tumor biomarkers. However, while knowledge in the field is increasing, we do not currently have definitive information allowing a clinical use of extracellular vesicles in cancer clinics. Recent evidence provides new perspective in clinical oncology, based on data showing that circulating nanovesicles called exosomes may represent a valuable source of tumor biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the existing clinical data supporting a key role of exosomes as a source of tumor biomarkers, including proteins and miRNAs, but also discuss the importance of the expression of known tumor biomarkers when expressed on exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.)
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233
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Pu F, Chen F, Zhang Z, Liu J, Shao Z. Information Transfer and Biological Significance of Neoplastic Exosomes in the Tumor Microenvironment of Osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8931-8940. [PMID: 32982285 PMCID: PMC7498481 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s266835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly invasive kind of malignant bone tumor. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles that play an important role in intercellular communication in the microenvironment. Tumor cell progression is promoted through the interaction between exosomes and cells in the microenvironment (including immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and endothelial cells) during tumor development. Neoplastic exosomes can carry a variety of biological information molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These molecules play an important clinical role, not only being able domesticate the recipient cells but also being recognized as tumor specific markers. At the same time, exosomes secreted by osteosarcoma can also cooperate with antigen-presenting cells to activate the body's immune response and then to exert anti-tumor effects. Studies on exosomes may be a breakthrough in the search for a new osteosarcoma treatment. In this study, we review the role of neoplastic exosomes in the osteosarcoma microenvironment, summarize their potential as tumor markers, and investigate their clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Cayrefourcq L, Alix-Panabières C. Clinical relevance of liquid biopsy in breast cancer: update in 2020. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:913-919. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1816828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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235
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Liquid biopsy for breast cancer using extracellular vesicles and cell-free microRNAs as biomarkers. Transl Res 2020; 223:40-60. [PMID: 32413499 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of breast cancer (BC) patient's outcome is directly related to early detection. However, there is still a lack of reliable biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and, treatment follow up in BC, leading researchers to study the potential of liquid biopsy based on circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs). These c-miRNAs can be cell-free or associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs), and have great advantages such as stability in biofluids, noninvasive accessibility compared to current techniques (core-biopsy and surgery), and expression associated with pathogenic conditions. Recently, a new promising field of EV-derived miRNAs (EV-miRNAs) as cancer biomarkers has emerged, receiving special attention due to their selective vesicle sorting which makes them accurate for disease detection. In this review, we discuss new findings about c-miRNA and their potential as biomarkers for BC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Additionally, we address the impact of limitations associated with the standardization of analysis techniques and methods on the implementation of these biomarkers in the clinical setting.
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236
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Sun H, Burrola S, Wu J, Ding WQ. Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176097. [PMID: 32847103 PMCID: PMC7504131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer-delimited nanoparticles released from all types of cells examined thus far. Several groups of EVs, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, have been identified according to their size and biogenesis. With extensive investigations on EVs over the last decade, it is now recognized that EVs play a pleiotropic role in various physiological processes as well as pathological conditions through mediating intercellular communication. Most notably, EVs have been shown to be involved in cancer initiation and progression and EV signaling in cancer are viewed as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, as membrane nanoparticles, EVs are natural products with some of them, such as tumor exosomes, possessing tumor homing propensity, thus leading to strategies utilizing EVs as drug carriers to effectively deliver cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize recent reports on exploring EVs signaling as potential therapeutic targets in cancer as well as on developing EVs as therapeutic delivery carriers for cancer therapy. Findings from preclinical studies are primarily discussed, with early phase clinical trials reviewed. We hope to provide readers updated information on the development of EVs as cancer therapeutic targets or therapeutic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyao Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (H.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Stephanie Burrola
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (H.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Jinchang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
- Section of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (W.-Q.D.); Tel.: +86-1377-604-8328 (J.W.); +1-405-271-1605 (W.-Q.D.)
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (H.S.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (W.-Q.D.); Tel.: +86-1377-604-8328 (J.W.); +1-405-271-1605 (W.-Q.D.)
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Xu YF, Xu X, Gin A, Nshimiyimana JD, Mooers BHM, Caputi M, Hannafon BN, Ding WQ. SRSF1 regulates exosome microRNA enrichment in human cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:130. [PMID: 32819370 PMCID: PMC7439691 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing a variety of biological molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs). We have recently demonstrated that certain miRNA species are selectively and highly enriched in pancreatic cancer exosomes with miR-1246 being the most abundant. Exosome miRNAs have been shown to mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and promote cancer progression. Therefore, understanding how exosomes selectively enrich specific miRNAs to initiate exosome miRNA signaling in cancer cells is critical to advancing cancer exosome biology. Results The aim of this study was to identify RNA binding proteins responsible for selective enrichment of exosome miRNAs in cancer cells. A biotin-labeled miR-1246 probe was used to capture RNA binding proteins (RBPs) from PANC-1 cells. Among the RBPs identified through proteomic analysis, SRSF1, EIF3B and TIA1 were highly associated with the miR-1246 probe. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed the binding of SRSF1 to miR-1246. Lentivirus shRNA knockdown of SRSF1 in pancreatic cancer cells selectively reduced exosome miRNA enrichment whereas GFP-SRSF1 overexpression enhanced the enrichment as analyzed by next generation small RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR. miRNA sequence motif analysis identified a common motif shared by 36/45 of SRSF1-associated exosome miRNAs. EMSA confirmed that shared motif decoys inhibit the binding of SRSF1 to the miR-1246 sequence. Conclusions We conclude that SRSF1 mediates selective exosome miRNA enrichment in pancreatic cancer cells by binding to a commonly shared miRNA sequence motif. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 401A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 401A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215400, China
| | - Amy Gin
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 401A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jean D Nshimiyimana
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 401A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Blaine H M Mooers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Massimo Caputi
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Bethany N Hannafon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73103, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 401A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Wei R, Chen L, Qin D, Guo Q, Zhu S, Li P, Min L, Zhang S. Liquid Biopsy of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miR-193a-5p in Colorectal Cancer and Discovery of Its Tumor-Suppressor Functions. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1372. [PMID: 33014778 PMCID: PMC7461920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, abnormal extracellular vesicle (EV) sorting of miR-193a was identified in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Although a reduced level of miR-193a-5p in plasma/serum has been reported in many different types of cancer, the EV-derived miR-193a-5p level in CRC and its potential application as a minimally invasive biomarker are still unknown. Here, we evaluated the circulating EV-derived miR-193a-5p expression levels in a cohort of 101 participants by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We found that plasma EV-miR-193a-5p decreased significantly in CRC patients as compared with precancerous colorectal adenoma (CA) and non-cancerous control (NC) individuals. The circulating EV-miR-193a-5p showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.740 in distinguishing CRC from CA and an AUC of 0.759 in distinguishing CRC from NC. Furthermore, the suppression on CRC cells of miR-193a-5p was verified by transwell, MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium), EdU, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 32 genes, which were the most likely miR-193a-5p targeted and mainly focused on tumor progression. Among them, we revealed that miR-193a-5p could inhibit CRC migration and invasion via targeting tumor-associated genes like CUT-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) and intersectin 1 (ITSN1). In conclusion, miR-193a-5p could suppress CRC development, and decreased plasma EV-miR-193a-5p could be a promising biomarker for human CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingdong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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239
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Khalife H, Skafi N, Fayyad-Kazan M, Badran B. MicroRNAs in breast cancer: New maestros defining the melody. Cancer Genet 2020; 246-247:18-40. [PMID: 32805688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, short non-coding single-stranded RNAs, are important regulators and gatekeepers of the coding genes in the human genome. MicroRNAs are highly conserved among species and expressed in different tissues and cell types. They are involved in almost all the biological processes as apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle arrest and differentiation. Playing all these roles, it is not surprising that the deregulation of the microRNA profile causes a number of diseases including cancer. Breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women, accounts for the highest cancer-related deaths worldwide. Different microRNAs were shown to be up or down regulated in breast cancer. MicroRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors according to their targets. In this review, the most common microRNAs implicated in breast cancer are fully illustrated with their targets. Besides, the review highlights the effect of exosomal microRNA on breast cancer and the effect of microRNAs on drug and therapies resistance as well as the miRNA-based therapeutic strategies used until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Khalife
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Najwa Skafi
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Maisano D, Mimmi S, Russo R, Fioravanti A, Fiume G, Vecchio E, Nisticò N, Quinto I, Iaccino E. Uncovering the Exosomes Diversity: A Window of Opportunity for Tumor Progression Monitoring. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080180. [PMID: 32759810 PMCID: PMC7464894 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells can communicate through special “messages in the bottle”, which are recorded in the bloodstream inside vesicles, namely exosomes. The exosomes are nanovesicles of 30–100 nm in diameter that carry functionally active biological material, such as proteins, messanger RNA (mRNAs), and micro RNA (miRNAs). Therefore, they are able to transfer specific signals from a parental cell of origin to the surrounding cells in the microenvironment and to distant organs through the circulatory and lymphatic stream. More and more interest is rising for the pathological role of exosomes produced by cancer cells and for their potential use in tumor monitoring and patient follow up. In particular, the exosomes could be an appropriate index of proliferation and cancer cell communication for monitoring the minimal residual disease, which cannot be easily detectable by common diagnostic and monitoring techniques. The lack of unequivocal markers for tumor-derived exosomes calls for new strategies for exosomes profile characterization aimed at the adoption of exosomes as an official tumor biomarker for tumor progression monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (E.I.)
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Rossella Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (E.I.)
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241
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Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:144. [PMID: 32747657 PMCID: PMC7400738 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and molecular analysis of the biofluids of circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids, and so forth. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes between 30–150 nm. They are secreted by multivesicular bodies through exocytosis in live cells and can participate in intercellular communication due to their contents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Herein, we investigate publication frequencies on exosomes over the past 10 years, and review recent clinical studies on liquid biopsy of exosomes in the fields of oncology, pregnancy disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and organ transplantation. We also describe the advantages of exosomes as an effective liquid biopsy tool and the progression of exosome extraction methods. Finally, we depict the commercial development of exosome research and discuss the future role of exosomes in liquid biopsy.
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242
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Xu M, Wang D, Wang H, Zhang X, Liang T, Dai J, Li M, Zhang J, Zhang K, Xu D, Yu X. COVID-19 diagnostic testing: Technology perspective. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e158. [PMID: 32898340 PMCID: PMC7443140 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than 18 million people were infected with a total of 0.7 million deaths in ∼188 countries. Controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is therefore inherently dependent on identifying and isolating infected individuals, especially since COVID-19 can result in little to no symptoms. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the different primary technologies used to test for COVID-19 infection, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, and highlight the studies that have employed them. We also describe technologies that have the potential to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 detection in the future, including digital PCR, CRISPR, and microarray. Finally, remaining challenges in COVID-19 diagnostic testing are discussed, including (a) the lack of universal standards for diagnostic testing; (b) the identification of appropriate sample collection site(s); (c) the difficulty in performing large population screening; and (d) the limited understanding of SARS-COV-2 viral invasion, replication, and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Hongye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Te Liang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Jiayu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Danke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
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243
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Hashemi SM, Hashemi M, Bahari G, Khaledi A, Danesh H, Allahyari A. Relationship between rs6715345 Polymorphisms of MIR-375 Gene and rs4939827 of SMAD-7 Gene in Women with Breast Cancer and Healthy Women: A Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2479-2484. [PMID: 32856881 PMCID: PMC7771934 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer has been established. Genetic mutations play a significant role in determining the risk factors of cancer. The polymorphism of these two genes can alter their expression. This study has been performed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of rs6715345 of miR-375 gene and rs4939827 of the SMAD7 gene and development of breast cancer in a population in southeastern Iran. METHODS This case-control study was performed on the blood sample of 205 patients with breast cancer and 225 healthy individuals for investigating the rs34917480 and rs4939827 polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. The data were analyzed by t-test, χ2, and logistic regression. The SPSS v18.0 used for data analysis. RESULTS The findings of this study indicated that the risk of developing breast cancer does not have a significant relationship with rs6715345 polymorphism of miR-375 gene (p=0.1). However, the rs4939827 polymorphism of the SMAD7 gene was significantly linked to the risk of developing breast cancer in the southeastern population in Iran (p=0.01). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the rs4939827 polymorphism of the SMAD7 gene can lead to an increased risk of incidence of breast cancer in the southeastern population in Iran.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Mehdi Hashemi
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Department Of Internal Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Hematology And Medical Oncology Ward, Ali-Ebne-Abitalelb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Hoseinali Danesh
- Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgeon, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Allahyari
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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244
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MicroRNAs from Liquid Biopsy Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Recent Advances in Detection and Characterization Methods. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082009. [PMID: 32707943 PMCID: PMC7465219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have become a convenient tool in cancer diagnostics, real-time disease monitoring, and evaluation of residual disease. Yet, the information still encrypted in the variety of tumor-derived molecules identified in biofluids has proven difficult to decipher due to the technological limitations imposed by their biological nature. Such is the case of extracellular vesicle (EV) encapsulated ncRNAs, which have gained traction in recent years as biomarkers. Due to their resilience towards degrading factors they may act as suitable disease indicators. This review addresses the less described issues in this context. We present an overview of less investigated biofluids that can be used for EV isolation in addition to different isolation approaches to overcome the technical challenges these specimens harbor. Furthermore, we summarize the latest technological advances providing improvement to ncRNA detection and analysis. Thereby, this review summarizes the current state-of-the-art methodologies regarding EV and EV derived miRNA analysis and how they compare to current approaches.
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245
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Ohannesian N, Gunawardhana L, Misbah I, Rakhshandehroo M, Lin SH, Shih WC. Commercial and emerging technologies for cancer diagnosis and prognosis based on circulating tumor exosomes. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ab8699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles excreted by mammalian cells that circulate freely in the bloodstream of living organisms. Exosomes have a lipid bilayer that encloses genetic material used in intracellular communication (e.g. double-stranded DNA, micro-RNAs, and messenger RNA). Recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of this genetic content within exosomes has a major role in tumor progression in the surrounding microenvironment. Motivated by this discovery, we focused here on using exosomal biomarkers as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for cancer. In this review, we discuss recently discovered exosome-derived proteomic and genetic biomarkers used in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Although several genetic biomarkers have been validated for their diagnostic values, proteomic biomarkers are still being actively pursued. We discuss both commercial technologies and emerging technologies for exosome isolation and analysis. Emerging technologies can be classified into optical and non-optical methods. The working principle of each method is briefly discussed as well as advantages and limitations.
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246
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Chu YL, Li H, Ng PLA, Kong ST, Zhang H, Lin Y, Tai WCS, Yu ACS, Yim AKY, Tsang HF, Cho WCS, Wong SCC. The potential of circulating exosomal RNA biomarkers in cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:665-678. [PMID: 32188269 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1745064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are great potentials of using exosomal RNAs (exoRNA) as biomarkers in cancers. The isolation of exoRNA requires the use of ultracentrifugation to isolate cell-free RNA followed by detection using real-time PCR, microarray, next-generation sequencing, or Nanostring nCounter system. The use of exoRNA enrichment panels has largely increased the detection sensitivity and specificity when compared to traditional diagnostic tests. Moreover, using exoRNA as biomarkers can assist the early detection of chemo and radioresistance cancer, and in turn opens up the possibility of personalized treatment to patients. Finally, exoRNA can be detected at an early stage of cancer recurrence to improve the survival rate. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarized the detection methods of exoRNA as well as its potential as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis and chemo and radioresistance. EXPERT OPINION The application of exoRNAs in clinical diagnosis is still in its infancy. Further researches on extracellular vesicles isolation, detection protocols, exoRNA classes and subclasses, and the regulatory biological pathways have to be performed before exoRNA can be applied translationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lam Chu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Harriet Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Pik Lan Amanda Ng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Ting Kong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - William Chi Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , Kowloon, China
| | | | | | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
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247
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Wang X, Chai Z, Pan G, Hao Y, Li B, Ye T, Li Y, Long F, Xia L, Liu M. ExoBCD: a comprehensive database for exosomal biomarker discovery in breast cancer. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5860692. [PMID: 32591816 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and safe implementation of precision oncology for breast cancer is a vital strategy to improve patient outcomes, which relies on the application of reliable biomarkers. As 'liquid biopsy' and novel resource for biomarkers, exosomes provide a promising avenue for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Although several exosome-related databases have been developed, there is still lacking of an integrated database for exosome-based biomarker discovery. To this end, a comprehensive database ExoBCD (https://exobcd.liumwei.org) was constructed with the combination of robust analysis of four high-throughput datasets, transcriptome validation of 1191 TCGA cases and manual mining of 950 studies. In ExoBCD, approximately 20 900 annotation entries were integrated from 25 external sources and 306 exosomal molecules (49 potential biomarkers and 257 biologically interesting molecules). The latter could be divided into 3 molecule types, including 121 mRNAs, 172 miRNAs and 13 lncRNAs. Thus, the well-linked information about molecular characters, experimental biology, gene expression patterns, overall survival, functional evidence, tumour stage and clinical use were fully integrated. As a data-driven and literature-based paradigm proposed of biomarker discovery, this study also demonstrated the corroborative analysis and identified 36 promising molecules, as well as the most promising prognostic biomarkers, IGF1R and FRS2. Taken together, ExoBCD is the first well-corroborated knowledge base for exosomal studies of breast cancer. It not only lays a foundation for subsequent studies but also strengthens the studies of probing molecular mechanisms, discovering biomarkers and developing meaningful clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixuan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guizhi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Long
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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248
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Ale Ebrahim S, Ashtari A, Zamani Pedram M, Ale Ebrahim N, Sanati-Nezhad A. Publication Trends in Exosomes Nanoparticles for Cancer Detection. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4453-4470. [PMID: 32617003 PMCID: PMC7326184 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s247210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are small vesicles produced by almost all cells in the body and found in all biofluids. Cancer cell-derived exosomes are known to have distinct, measurable signatures, applicable for early cancer diagnosis. Despite the present bibliometric studies on “Cancer detection” and “Nanoparticles”, no single study exists to deal with “Exosome” bibliometric study. Methods This bibliometric work investigated the publication trends of “Exosomes” nanoparticles and its application in cancer detection, for the literature from 2008 to July 2019. The data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. There were variant visual maps generated to show annual publication, most- relevant authors, sources, countries, topics and keywords. The network analysis of these studies was investigated to evaluate the research trends in the field of exosomes. In addition, the data were qualitatively analyzed according to 22 top-cited articles, illustrating the frequently used subjects and methods in exosomes research area. Results The results showed that the documents in this field have improved the citation rate. The top-relevant papers are mostly published in Scientific Reports journal which has lost its popularity after 2017, while today, Analytical Chemistry is leading in publishing the most articles related to exosomes. The documents containing keywords of plasma, cells, cancer, biomarkers, and vesicles as keywords plus, are more likely to be published in PLoS One journal. The clustering of the keywords network showed that the keyword theme of “extracellular vesicles” has the highest centrality rate. In global research, USA is the most corresponding country, followed by China, Korea and Australia. Based on the qualitative analysis, the published documents with at least 50 citations have used exosome release, cargo, detection, purification and secretion, as their targets and applied cell culture or isolation as their methods. Conclusion The bibliometric study on exosomes nanoparticles for cancer detection provides a clear vision of the future research direction and identifies the potential opportunities and challenges. This may lead new researchers to select the proper subfields in exosome-related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ale Ebrahim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maysam Zamani Pedram
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nader Ale Ebrahim
- Research and Technology Department, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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249
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Exosomes: Multiple-targeted multifunctional biological nanoparticles in the diagnosis, drug delivery, and imaging of cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110442. [PMID: 32593129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological nanoparticles (30-150 nm) secreted in the extracellular area from all of cells, that mediate intercellular message. Exosomes act as the carriers for numerous proteins, DNAs, RNAs and cell-signaling molecules. Therefore, exosomes secreted by the tumor cells are useful for diagnostic purposes because of their persistent presence in the blood and their provision of genetic cargo similar to those in tumor. Due to the risks of aggressive activity and ambiguity of biological activity in other tissues, the use of exosomes in drug delivery and imaging has been limited. However, their high loading, stability and longer circulation time, excellent targeting, high cell penetration performance, and optimal biodegradability have made them potential agents in targeted cancer treatment. Therefore, in addition to examining methods for isolating and loading exosomes, this paper discusses the applications of exosomes in biological measurement, imaging, and therapeutic activities. Also, this review describes the challenges of using exosomes compared to conventional methods and shows that it is very useful to use them due to less aggressive activities. Finally, this review attempts to provide an appropriate incentive by showing the performance of exosomes in cancer therapy through targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging and diagnosis.
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Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: Regulators of tumor microenvironment and the enlightenment in tumor therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105041. [PMID: 32580030 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proven to establish an important bridge of communication between cells or cells and their microenvironment. It is well known that EVs play crucial roles in many human diseases, especially in tumors. Tumor-derived EVs (TEVs) are not only involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix remodeling to promote the invasion and metastasis, but also contribute to the suppression of antitumor immune responses by carrying different inhibitory molecules. In this review, we mainly discuss the effects of TEVs on the remodeling of tumor microenvironment through immune and non-immune associated mechanisms. We summarize the latest studies about utilizing EVs in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic drug delivery as well. In addition, the perspective of tumor therapy by targeting EVs is discussed in this review.
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