201
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Lee A, Bae S, Lee SH, Kweon OK, Kim WH. Hair growth promoting effect of dermal papilla like tissues from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through vascular endothelial growth factor. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1811-1818. [PMID: 27647656 PMCID: PMC5240759 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein expression pattern and the in vivo trichogenicity of dermal papilla-like tissues (DPLTs) made from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in athymic nude mice. Canine ASCs were isolated and cultured from adipose tissue, and differentiation was induced by culturing ASCs in dermal papilla forming media. DPLTs were embedded in collagen gel, and their structural characteristics and protein expression were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemistry. Athymic nude mice were divided into two groups (control and DPLTs groups), and DPLTs were injected in skin wounds of mice in the DPLTs group. The trichogenicity of DPLTs was assessed by gross and histological evaluations for 30 days. The fate and the growth factor-secretion effect of DPLTs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. DPLTs have a compact aggregated structure, form extracellular matrix and highly express the protein specific for dermal papillae, including ALP and versican. New hair follicle formation was remarkable in nude mice of the DPLTs group in gross findings and H&E stain. Vascularization was increased in the DPLTs group, which was the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by DPLTs in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that engineered canine DPLTs have characteristics of dermal papillae and have a positive effect on hair regeneration by secreting growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeri Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 09926, Republic of Korea
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202
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Casale C, Imparato G, Urciuolo F, Netti PA. Endogenous human skin equivalent promotes in vitro morphogenesis of follicle-like structures. Biomaterials 2016; 101:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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203
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Smith AA, Li J, Liu B, Hunter D, Pyles M, Gillette M, Dhamdhere GR, Abo A, Oro A, Helms JA. Activating Hair Follicle Stem Cells via R-spondin2 to Stimulate Hair Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1549-1558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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204
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Zhang H, Nan W, Wang S, Zhang T, Si H, Wang D, Yang F, Li G. Epidermal growth factor promotes proliferation of dermal papilla cells via Notch signaling pathway. Biochimie 2016; 127:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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205
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Wang X, Wang X, Liu J, Cai T, Guo L, Wang S, Wang J, Cao Y, Ge J, Jiang Y, Tredget EE, Cao M, Wu Y. Hair Follicle and Sebaceous Gland De Novo Regeneration With Cultured Epidermal Stem Cells and Skin-Derived Precursors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1695-1706. [PMID: 27458264 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
: Stem cell-based organ regeneration is purported to enable the replacement of impaired organs in the foreseeable future. Here, we demonstrated that a combination of cultured epidermal stem cells (Epi-SCs) derived from the epidermis and skin-derived precursors (SKPs) was capable of reconstituting functional hair follicles and sebaceous glands (SG). When Epi-SCs and SKPs were mixed in a hydrogel and implanted into an excisional wound in nude mice, the Epi-SCs formed de novo epidermis along with hair follicles, and SKPs contributed to dermal papilla in the neogenic hair follicles. Notably, a combination of culture-expanded Epi-SCs and SKPs derived from the adult human scalp were sufficient to generate hair follicles and hair. Bone morphogenetic protein 4, but not Wnts, sustained the expression of alkaline phosphatase in SKPs in vitro and the hair follicle-inductive property in vivo when SKPs were engrafted with neonatal epidermal cells into excisional wounds. In addition, Epi-SCs were capable of differentiating into sebocytes and formed de novo SGs, which excreted lipids as do normal SGs. Thus our results indicate that cultured Epi-SCs and SKPs are sufficient to generate de novo hair follicles and SGs, implying great potential to develop novel bioengineered skin substitutes with appendage genesis capacity. SIGNIFICANCE In postpartum humans, skin appendages lost in injury are not regenerated, despite the considerable achievement made in skin bioengineering. In this study, transplantation of a combination of culture-expanded epidermal stem cells and skin-derived progenitors from mice and adult humans led to de novo regeneration of functional hair follicles and sebaceous glands. The data provide transferable knowledge for the development of novel bioengineered skin substitutes with epidermal appendage regeneration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanpei Cao
- Clinical Research Center, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jianfeng Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Edward E Tredget
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mengjun Cao
- Shenzhen Fuhua Aesthetic Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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206
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Miao Y, Fan ZX, Du LJ, Su YS, Sun YB, Jiang W, Hu ZQ. Effects of extracellular matrix on the growth characteristics of human dermal papillae cellsin vitro. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:792-7. [PMID: 27443265 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery; Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou PR China
| | - Z. X. Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery; Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou PR China
| | - L. J. Du
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery; Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou PR China
| | - Y. S. Su
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery; Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou PR China
| | - Y. B. Sun
- GCP Center of Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou PR China
| | - W. Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery; Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou PR China
| | - Z. Q. Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery; Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou PR China
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207
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Huang C, Du Y, Nabzdyk CS, Ogawa R, Koyama T, Orgill DP, Fu X. Regeneration of hair and other skin appendages: A microenvironment-centric view. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:759-766. [PMID: 27256925 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in skin regeneration have resulted in techniques and products that have allowed regeneration of both the dermis and epidermis. Yet complete skin regeneration requires the adnexal skin structures. Thus it is crucial to understand the regenerative potential of hair follicles where genetic, nutritional, and hormonal influences have important effects and are critical for skin regeneration. The follicular stem cell niche serves as an anatomical compartment, a structural unit, a functional integrator, and a dynamic regulator necessary to sustain internal homeostasis and respond to outside stimuli. In particular, mechanics such as pressure, compression, friction, traction, stretch, shear, and mechanical wounding can influence hair loss or growth. Relevant niche signaling pathways such as Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, Shh, and Notch may yield potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Huang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Christoph S Nabzdyk
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
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208
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Polycomb-Mediated Repression and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Interact to Regulate Merkel Cell Specification during Skin Development. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006151. [PMID: 27414999 PMCID: PMC4944976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence indicates that developmental programs are tightly regulated by the complex interplay between signaling pathways, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic processes. Here, we have uncovered coordination between transcriptional and morphogen cues to specify Merkel cells, poorly understood skin cells that mediate light touch sensations. In murine dorsal skin, Merkel cells are part of touch domes, which are skin structures consisting of specialized keratinocytes, Merkel cells, and afferent neurons, and are located exclusively around primary hair follicles. We show that the developing primary hair follicle functions as a niche required for Merkel cell specification. We find that intraepidermal Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, initiated by the production of Shh ligand in the developing hair follicles, is required for Merkel cell specification. The importance of Shh for Merkel cell formation is further reinforced by the fact that Shh overexpression in embryonic epidermal progenitors leads to ectopic Merkel cells. Interestingly, Shh signaling is common to primary, secondary, and tertiary hair follicles, raising the possibility that there are restrictive mechanisms that regulate Merkel cell specification exclusively around primary hair follicles. Indeed, we find that loss of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in the epidermis results in the formation of ectopic Merkel cells that are associated with all hair types. We show that PRC2 loss expands the field of epidermal cells competent to differentiate into Merkel cells through the upregulation of key Merkel-differentiation genes, which are known PRC2 targets. Importantly, PRC2-mediated repression of the Merkel cell differentiation program requires inductive Shh signaling to form mature Merkel cells. Our study exemplifies how the interplay between epigenetic and morphogen cues regulates the complex patterning and formation of the mammalian skin structures. Merkel cells are innervated touch-receptor cells that are responsible for light touch sensations. They originate from embryonic epidermal stem cells and, in hairy regions of skin, are organized in touch domes. Touch domes are highly patterned structures that form exclusively around primary hair follicles. Strikingly, the mechanisms controlling Merkel cell formation are largely unknown. Here, we show that the hair follicle functions as a niche required for Merkel cell formation. We find that intraepidermal Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, initiated by the production of Shh in the developing hair follicles, is required for Merkel cell specification, whereas Shh overexpression in embryonic epidermal progenitors leads to ectopic Merkel cells. Interestingly, Shh signaling is common to all hair types, suggesting that there are restrictive mechanisms that allow Merkel cell specification to occur exclusively around primary hairs. Indeed, we find that loss of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in the epidermis leads to the formation of ectopic Merkel cells around all hair types. We show that PRC2 loss expands the field of epidermal cells competent to differentiate into Merkel cells through derepression of key Merkel-differentiation genes; however, inductive Shh signaling is still required for the formation of mature Merkel cells. Our study illustrates how the interplay between epigenetic and morphogen cues functions to establish the complex patterning and formation of the mammalian skin.
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209
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Petit V, Larue L. Any route for melanoblasts to colonize the skin! Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:669-73. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; PSL Research University; Orsay France
- CNRS UMR 3347; University of Paris-Sud; University of Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; PSL Research University; Orsay France
- CNRS UMR 3347; University of Paris-Sud; University of Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
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210
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Zhou L, Yang K, Xu M, Andl T, Millar SE, Boyce S, Zhang Y. Activating β-catenin signaling in CD133-positive dermal papilla cells increases hair inductivity. FEBS J 2016; 283:2823-35. [PMID: 27312243 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering hair follicles using cells isolated from human tissue remains a difficult task. Dermal papilla (DP) cells are known to guide the growth and cycling activities of hair follicles by interacting with keratinocytes. However, DP cells quickly lose their inductivity during in vitro passaging. Rodent DP cell cultures need external addition of growth factors, including WNT and BMP molecules, to maintain the hair inductive property. CD133 is expressed by a subpopulation of DP cells that are capable of inducing hair follicle formation in vivo. We report here that expression of a stabilized form of β-catenin promoted clonal growth of CD133-positive (CD133+) DP cells in in vitro three-dimensional hydrogel culture while maintaining expression of DP markers, including alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD133, and integrin α8. After a 2-week in vitro culture, cultured CD133+ DP cells with up-regulated β-catenin activity led to an accelerated in vivo hair growth in reconstituted skin compared to control cells. Further analysis showed that matrix cell proliferation and differentiation were significantly promoted in hair follicles when β-catenin signaling was up-regulated in CD133+ DP cells. Our data highlight an important role for β-catenin signaling in promoting the inductive capability of CD133+ DP cells for in vitro expansion and in vivo hair follicle regeneration, which could potentially be applied to cultured human DP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mingang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Steven Boyce
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
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211
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Budnick I, Hamburg-Shields E, Chen D, Torre E, Jarrell A, Akhtar-Zaidi B, Cordovan O, Spitale RC, Scacheri P, Atit RP. Defining the identity of mouse embryonic dermal fibroblasts. Genesis 2016; 54:415-30. [PMID: 27265328 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic dermal fibroblasts in the skin have the exceptional ability to initiate hair follicle morphogenesis and contribute to scarless wound healing. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is critical for dermal fibroblast fate selection and hair follicle induction. In humans, mutations in Wnt pathway components and target genes lead to congenital focal dermal hypoplasias with diminished hair. The gene expression signature of embryonic dermal fibroblasts during differentiation and its dependence on Wnt signaling is unknown. Here we applied Shannon entropy analysis to identify the gene expression signature of mouse embryonic dermal fibroblasts. We used available human DNase-seq and histone modification ChiP-seq data on various cell-types to demonstrate that genes in the fibroblast cell identity signature can be epigenetically repressed in other cell-types. We found a subset of the signature genes whose expression is dependent on Wnt/β-catenin activity in vivo. With our approach, we have defined and validated a statistically derived gene expression signature that may mediate dermal fibroblast identity and function in development and disease. genesis 54:415-430, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadore Budnick
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Demeng Chen
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eduardo Torre
- Epithelial Biology Program, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, California
| | - Andrew Jarrell
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Batool Akhtar-Zaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Olivia Cordovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Rob C Spitale
- Epithelial Biology Program, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, California.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter Scacheri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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212
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Rognoni E, Gomez C, Pisco AO, Rawlins EL, Simons BD, Watt FM, Driskell RR. Inhibition of β-catenin signalling in dermal fibroblasts enhances hair follicle regeneration during wound healing. Development 2016; 143:2522-35. [PMID: 27287810 PMCID: PMC4958333 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
New hair follicles (HFs) do not form in adult mammalian skin unless epidermal Wnt signalling is activated genetically or within large wounds. To understand the postnatal loss of hair forming ability we monitored HF formation at small circular (2 mm) wound sites. At P2, new HFs formed in back skin, but HF formation was markedly decreased by P21. Neonatal tail also formed wound-associated HFs, albeit in smaller numbers. Postnatal loss of HF neogenesis did not correlate with wound closure rate but with a reduction in Lrig1-positive papillary fibroblasts in wounds. Comparative gene expression profiling of back and tail dermis at P1 and dorsal fibroblasts at P2 and P50 showed a correlation between loss of HF formation and decreased expression of genes associated with proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin activity. Between P2 and P50, fibroblast density declined throughout the dermis and clones of fibroblasts became more dispersed. This correlated with a decline in fibroblasts expressing a TOPGFP reporter of Wnt activation. Surprisingly, between P2 and P50 there was no difference in fibroblast proliferation at the wound site but Wnt signalling was highly upregulated in healing dermis of P21 compared with P2 mice. Postnatal β-catenin ablation in fibroblasts promoted HF regeneration in neonatal and adult mouse wounds, whereas β-catenin activation reduced HF regeneration in neonatal wounds. Our data support a model whereby postnatal loss of hair forming ability in wounds reflects elevated dermal Wnt/β-catenin activation in the wound bed, increasing the abundance of fibroblasts that are unable to induce HF formation. Summary: Postnatal mouse skin exhibits a decline in its ability to regenerate hair follicles in the wound bed and this can be partially reversed by inhibiting dermal β-catenin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Rognoni
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Celine Gomez
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Angela Oliveira Pisco
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Ben D Simons
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ryan R Driskell
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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213
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Wang X, Wang J, Guo L, Wang X, Chen H, Wang X, Liu J, Tredget EE, Wu Y. Self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds support stem cell-based hair follicle regeneration. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:2115-2125. [PMID: 27288668 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show that designer peptide nanofibers can mimic properties of extracellular matrix molecules, promising great potential as scaffold materials for tissue engineering. However, their ability in supporting organogenesis has not been studied. Here we examined the effect of self-assembling peptide hydrogels in supporting skin derived precursors (SKPs) in hair follicle neogenesis. We found that hydrogels formed by RADA16, PRG which contains RGD, and particularly the combination of RADA16 and PRG (RADA-PRG) enhanced SKP proliferation. Notably, the RADA-PRG hydrogel, which exhibited advantages of RADA16 in adequate nanofiber formation and PRG in providing the integrin binding sequence, exhibited superior effects in enhancing SKP survival, expression of hair induction signature genes such as Akp2 and Bmp6, and more importantly de novo hair genesis in mice. Thus our results suggest that RADA-PRG may serve as a novel scaffold material for stem cell transplantation and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Ling Guo
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Edward E Tredget
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, China.
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214
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Leavitt T, Hu MS, Marshall CD, Barnes LA, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT. Scarless wound healing: finding the right cells and signals. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:483-93. [PMID: 27256396 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the moment we are born, every injury to the skin has the potential to form a scar, many of which can impair form and/or function. As such, scar management constitutes a billion-dollar industry. However, effectively promoting scarless wound healing remains an elusive goal. The complex interactions of wound healing contribute to our inability to recapitulate scarless wound repair as it occurs in nature, such as in fetal skin and the oral mucosa. However, many new advances have occurred in recent years, some of which have translated scientific findings from bench to bedside. In vivo lineage tracing has helped establish a variety of novel cellular culprits that may act as key drivers of the fibrotic response. These newly characterized cell populations present further targets for therapeutic intervention, some of which have previously demonstrated promising results in animal models. Here, we discuss several recent studies that identify exciting approaches for diminishing scar formation. Particular attention will also be paid to the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays an important role in both embryogenesis and tissue repair. New insights into the differential effects of Wnt signaling on heterogeneous fibroblast and keratinocyte populations within the skin further demonstrate methods by which wound healing can be re-directed to a more fetal scarless phenotype. Graphical abstract Recent approaches to reducing scar formation. Representation showing novel scientific approaches for decreasing scar formation, including the targeting of pro-fibrotic cell populations based on surface molecule expression (e.g. DPP4(+) fibroblasts, ADAM12(+) pericytes). Modulation of cellular mechanotransduction pathways are another means to reduce scar formation, both at the molecular level or, macroscopically with dressings designed to offload tension, at cutaneous wound sites (ADAM12 a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, FAK focal adhesion kinase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripp Leavitt
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Clement D Marshall
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - Leandra A Barnes
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - H Peter Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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15-deoxy prostaglandin J2, the nonenzymatic metabolite of prostaglandin D2, induces apoptosis in keratinocytes of human hair follicles: a possible explanation for prostaglandin D2-mediated inhibition of hair growth. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:809-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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216
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Falodah FA, Al-Karim S. Immuno- and gene expression analysis of EGFR and Nestin during mice skin development. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:274-81. [PMID: 27105606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin stem cell populations reside in the adult hair follicle, sebaceous gland, dermis and epidermis. However, the origin of most of the stem cell populations found in the adult epidermis is still unknown. Far more unknown is the embryonic origin of other stem cells that populate the other layers of this tissue. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the present study were to identify the precise anatomical localization of stem cells in mice during skin developing; and to determine the expression levels by using immuno- and gene expression analysis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this comparative cross sectional study, six ages been chosen and divided into: embryonic days (E12.5, E14.5 and E19.5) and litter days (L7, L14 and L19). Skin were removed from the back side and processed to assess both immuno- and gene-expression of EGFR and Nestin surface antigen markers. Data of the different studied age groups was compared using the SPSS software. RESULTS EGFR was mainly expressed in the outer root sheath (ORS), in basal and, to a lesser extent, in suprabasal keratinocytes and tend to lie where the dermis comes closest to the skin surface, while Nestin expressed throughout the dermis in the early embryo, but it is subsequently restricted to the follicular connective tissue sheaths later in development and to hair follicles after birth. Immunoexpression analysis showed a strong EGFR expression in all group ages except E12.5 which recorded as moderate, while Nestin showed strong expression level for all embryonic stages, while in the litters it was moderate. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with those of the immunohistochemical study. The Pearson correlation analyze present a correlation between the cases of study with age (p≤0.01), which indicated to the effect of age to mice development. CONCLUSION EGFR and Nestin showed to have vital role during mice development, and considered to be suitable markers for the study of skin stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Adnan Falodah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh Al-Karim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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217
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Torkamani N, Rufaut NW, Jones L, Sinclair R. Destruction of the arrector pili muscle and fat infiltration in androgenic alopecia. Br J Dermatol 2016; 170:1291-8. [PMID: 24579818 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair loss condition in men and women. Hair loss is caused by follicle miniaturization, which is largely irreversible beyond a certain degree of follicular regression. In contrast, hair loss in telogen effluvium (TE) is readily reversible. The arrector pili muscle (APM) connects the follicle to the surrounding skin. OBJECTIVES To compare histopathological features of the APM in AGA and TE. METHODS Archival blocks of 4-mm scalp punch biopsies from eight patients with AGA and five with TE were obtained. New 4-mm biopsies from five normal cases were used as controls. Serial 7-μm sections were stained with a modified Masson's trichrome stain. 'Reconstruct' software was used to construct and evaluate three-dimensional images of the follicle and APM. RESULTS The APM degenerated and was replaced by adipose tissue in all AGA specimens. Remnants of the APM remained attached to the hair follicle. There was no fat in the normal skin specimens. Fat was seen in two of five TE specimens but could be attributed to these patients also showing evidence of AGA. Quantitative analysis showed that muscle volume decreased and fat volume increased significantly (P < 0·05) in AGA compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS APM degeneration and replacement with fat in AGA has not previously been described. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined. However, we speculate that this phenomenon might be related to depletion of stem or progenitor cells from the follicle mesenchyme, explaining why AGA is treatment resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Torkamani
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia; Department of Dermatology, 185-187 Hoddle Street, level one, Epworth Health Dermatology Laboratory, Richmond, Vic., 3121, Australia
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218
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Lin B, Miao Y, Wang J, Fan Z, Du L, Su Y, Liu B, Hu Z, Xing M. Surface Tension Guided Hanging-Drop: Producing Controllable 3D Spheroid of High-Passaged Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Forming Inductive Microtissues for Hair-Follicle Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5906-16. [PMID: 26886167 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human dermal papilla (DP) cells have been studied extensively when grown in the conventional monolayer. However, because of great deviation from the real in vivo three-dimensional (3D) environment, these two-dimensional (2D) grown cells tend to lose the hair-inducible capability during passaging. Hence, these 2D caused concerns have motivated the development of novel 3D culture techniques to produce cellular microtissues with suitable mimics. The hanging-drop approach is based on surface tension-based technique and the interaction between surface tension and gravity field that makes a convergence of liquid drops. This study used this technique in a converged drop to form cellular spheroids of dermal papilla cells. It leads to a controllable 3Dspheroid model for scalable fabrication of inductive DP microtissues. The optimal conditions for culturing high-passaged (P8) DP spheroids were determined first. Then, the morphological, histological and functional studies were performed. In addition, expressions of hair-inductive markers including alkaline phosphatase, α-smooth muscle actin and neural cell adhesion molecule were also analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunostaining and immunoblotting. Finally, P8-DP microtissues were coimplanted with newborn mouse epidermal cells (EPCs) into nude mice. Our results indicated that the formation of 3D microtissues not only endowed P8-DP microtissues many similarities to primary DP, but also confer these microtissues an enhanced ability to induce hair-follicle (HF) neogenesis in vivo. This model provides a potential to elucidate the native biology of human DP, and also shows the promising for the controllable and scalable production of inductive DP cells applied in future follicle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojie Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biomedical & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba , 75A Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yongsheng Su
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bingcheng Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biomedical & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba , 75A Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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219
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Chua AWC, Khoo YC, Tan BK, Tan KC, Foo CL, Chong SJ. Skin tissue engineering advances in severe burns: review and therapeutic applications. BURNS & TRAUMA 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 27574673 PMCID: PMC4963933 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-016-0027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current advances in basic stem cell research and tissue engineering augur well for the development of improved cultured skin tissue substitutes: a class of products that is still fraught with limitations for clinical use. Although the ability to grow autologous keratinocytes in-vitro from a small skin biopsy into sheets of stratified epithelium (within 3 to 4 weeks) helped alleviate the problem of insufficient donor site for extensive burn, many burn units still have to grapple with insufficient skin allografts which are used as intermediate wound coverage after burn excision. Alternatives offered by tissue-engineered skin dermal replacements to meet emergency demand have been used fairly successfully. Despite the availability of these commercial products, they all suffer from the same problems of extremely high cost, sub-normal skin microstructure and inconsistent engraftment, especially in full thickness burns. Clinical practice for severe burn treatment has since evolved to incorporate these tissue-engineered skin substitutes, usually as an adjunct to speed up epithelization for wound closure and/or to improve quality of life by improving the functional and cosmetic results long-term. This review seeks to bring the reader through the beginnings of skin tissue engineering, the utilization of some of the key products developed for the treatment of severe burns and the hope of harnessing stem cells to improve on current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wen Choong Chua
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore ; Transplant Tissue Centre, c/o Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Block 4 Level 3 Room A7, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Yik Cheong Khoo
- Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore ; Transplant Tissue Centre, c/o Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Block 4 Level 3 Room A7, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Bien Keem Tan
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore ; Transplant Tissue Centre, c/o Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Block 4 Level 3 Room A7, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Kok Chai Tan
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Chee Liam Foo
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Si Jack Chong
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore ; Transplant Tissue Centre, c/o Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Block 4 Level 3 Room A7, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
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220
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Christoffersen M, Tybjærg-Hansen A. Visible aging signs as risk markers for ischemic heart disease: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical implications. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 25:24-41. [PMID: 26590331 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Association of common aging signs (i.e., male pattern baldness, hair graying, and facial wrinkles) as well as other age-related appearance factors (i.e., arcus corneae, xanthelasmata, and earlobe crease) with increased risk of ischemic heart disease was initially described in anecdotal reports from clinicians observing trends in the physical appearance of patients with ischemic heart disease. Following these early observations numerous epidemiological studies have reported these associations. Since the prevalences of both visible aging signs and ischemic heart disease have a strong correlation with increasing age, it has been extensively debated whether the observed associations could be entirely explained by a common association with age. Furthermore, the etiologies of the visible aging signs are rarely fully understood, and pathophysiological explanations for these associations remain controversial, and are mostly speculative. As a consequence of inconsistent findings and lack of mechanistic explanations for the observed associations with ischemic heart disease, consensus on the clinical importance of these visible aging signs has been lacking. The aim of this review is for each of the visible aging signs to (i) review the etiology, (ii) to discuss the current epidemiological evidence for an association with risk of ischemic heart disease, and (iii) to present possible pathophysiological explanations for these associations. Finally this review discusses the potential clinical implications of these findings.
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221
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Liu Y, Snedecor ER, Choi YJ, Yang N, Zhang X, Xu Y, Han Y, Jones EC, Shroyer KR, Clark RA, Zhang L, Qin C, Chen J. Gorab Is Required for Dermal Condensate Cells to Respond to Hedgehog Signals during Hair Follicle Morphogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 136:378-386. [PMID: 26967474 PMCID: PMC4789774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
GORAB is a golgin that localizes predominantly at the Golgi apparatus and physically interacts with small guanosine triphosphatases. GORAB is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues, including the skin. However, the biological function of this golgin in skin is unknown. Here, we report that disrupting the expression of the Gorab gene in mice results in hair follicle morphogenesis defects that were characterized by impaired follicular keratinocyte differentiation. This hair follicle phenotype was associated with markedly suppressed hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway in dermal condensates in vivo. Gorab-deficient dermal mesenchymal cells also displayed a significantly reduced capability to respond to Hh pathway activation in vitro. Furthermore, we found that the formation of the primary cilium, a cellular organelle that is essential for the Hh pathway, was impaired in mutant dermal condensate cells, suggesting that Gorab may be required for the Hh pathway through facilitating the formation of primary cilia. Thus, data obtained from this study provided insight into the biological functions of Gorab during embryonic morphogenesis of the skin in which Hh signaling and primary cilia exert important functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, and Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth R Snedecor
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, and Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhuan Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, and Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlin Han
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, and Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Evan C Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Richard A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, and Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, and Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiang Chen
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, and Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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222
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Kretzschmar K, Cottle DL, Schweiger PJ, Watt FM. The Androgen Receptor Antagonizes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Epidermal Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2753-2763. [PMID: 26121213 PMCID: PMC4641324 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in adult mouse epidermis leads to expansion of the stem cell compartment and redirects keratinocytes in the interfollicular epidermis and sebaceous glands (SGs) to differentiate along the hair follicle (HF) lineages. Here we demonstrate that during epidermal development and homeostasis there is reciprocal activation of the androgen receptor (AR) and β-catenin in cells of the HF bulb. AR activation reduced β-catenin-dependent transcription, blocked β-catenin-induced induction of HF growth, and prevented β-catenin-mediated conversion of SGs into HFs. Conversely, AR inhibition enhanced the effects of β-catenin activation, promoting HF proliferation and differentiation, culminating in the formation of benign HF tumors and a complete loss of SG identity. We conclude that AR signaling has a key role in epidermal stem cell fate selection by modulating responses to β-catenin in adult mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kretzschmar
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Pawel J Schweiger
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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223
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Morgner J, Ghatak S, Jakobi T, Dieterich C, Aumailley M, Wickström SA. Integrin-linked kinase regulates the niche of quiescent epidermal stem cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8198. [PMID: 26349061 PMCID: PMC4569844 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside in specialized niches that are critical for their function. Quiescent hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are confined within the bulge niche, but how the molecular composition of the niche regulates stem cell behaviour is poorly understood. Here we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a key regulator of the bulge extracellular matrix microenvironment, thereby governing the activation and maintenance of HFSCs. ILK mediates deposition of inverse laminin (LN)-332 and LN-511 gradients within the basement membrane (BM) wrapping the hair follicles. The precise BM composition tunes activities of Wnt and transforming growth factor-β pathways and subsequently regulates HFSC activation. Notably, reconstituting an optimal LN microenvironment restores the altered signalling in ILK-deficient cells. Aberrant stem cell activation in ILK-deficient epidermis leads to increased replicative stress, predisposing the tissue to carcinogenesis. Overall, our findings uncover a critical role for the BM niche in regulating stem cell activation and thereby skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morgner
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Sushmita Ghatak
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Tobias Jakobi
- Computational RNA Biology and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Computational RNA Biology and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Monique Aumailley
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Sara A. Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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224
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Kaushal GS, Rognoni E, Lichtenberger BM, Driskell RR, Kretzschmar K, Hoste E, Watt FM. Fate of Prominin-1 Expressing Dermal Papilla Cells during Homeostasis, Wound Healing and Wnt Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2926-2934. [PMID: 26288357 PMCID: PMC4650270 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prominin-1/CD133 (Prom1) is expressed by fibroblasts in the dermal papilla (DP) of the hair follicle (HF). By examining endogenous Prom1 expression and expression of LacZ in the skin of Prom1CreERLacZ (Prom1C-L) mice, in which a CreERT2-IRES-nuclear LacZ cassette is knocked into the first ATG codon of Prom1, we confirmed that Prom1 is expressed in the DP of all developing HFs and also by postnatal anagen follicles. To analyze the fate of Prom1+ DP cells, we crossed Prom1C-L mice with Rosa26-CAG flox/stop/flox tdTomato reporter mice and applied 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) to back skin at postnatal day (P) 1 and P2. We detected tdTomato+ cells in ~50% of DPs. The proportion of labeled cells per DP increased between P5 and P63, while the total number of cells per DP declined. Following full thickness wounding, there was no migration of tdTomato-labeled cells out of the DP. When β-catenin was activated in Prom1+ DP cells there was an increase in the size of anagen and telogen DP, but the proportion of tdTomato-labeled cells did not increase. We conclude that Prom1+ DP cells do not contribute to dermal repair but are nevertheless capable of regulating DP size via β-catenin-mediated intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Kaushal
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Emanuel Rognoni
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Beate M Lichtenberger
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Ryan R Driskell
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Esther Hoste
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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225
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Ma D, Kua JEH, Lim WK, Lee ST, Chua AWC. In vitro characterization of human hair follicle dermal sheath mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in enhancing diabetic wound healing. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1036-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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226
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Ali N, Hosseini M, Vainio S, Taïeb A, Cario‐André M, Rezvani H. Skin equivalents: skin from reconstructions as models to study skin development and diseases. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:391-403. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ali
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Aapistie 5A 90220 Oulu Finland
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - M. Hosseini
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - S. Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Aapistie 5A 90220 Oulu Finland
| | - A. Taïeb
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
- Département de Dermatologie & Dermatologie Pédiatrique CHU de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - M. Cario‐André
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
| | - H.R. Rezvani
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
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Dong L, Hao H, Liu J, Tong C, Ti D, Chen D, Chen L, Li M, Liu H, Fu X, Han W. Wnt1a maintains characteristics of dermal papilla cells that induce mouse hair regeneration in a 3D preculture system. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1479-1489. [PMID: 26118627 DOI: 10.1002/term.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration depend on intensive but well-orchestrated interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal components. Therefore, an alternative strategy to reproduce the process of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in vitro could use a 3D system containing appropriate cell populations. The 3D air-liquid culture system for reproducibly generating hair follicles from dissociated epithelial and dermal papilla (DP) cells combined with a collagen-chitosan scaffold is described in this study. Wnt-CM was prepared from the supernatant of Wnt1a-expressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) that maintain the hair-inducing gene expression of DP cells. The collagen-chitosan scaffold cells (CCS cells) were constructed using a two-step method by inoculating the Wnt-CM-treated DP cells and epidermal (EP) cells into the CCS. The cells in the air-liquid culture formed dermal condensates and a proliferative cell layer in vitro. The CCS cells were able to induce hair regeneration in nude mice. The results demonstrate that Wnt-CM can maintain the hair induction ability of DP cells in expansion cultures, and this approach can be used for large-scale preparation of CCS cells in vitro to treat hair loss. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Hao
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Ti
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyun Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meirong Li
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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228
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Yue Y, Guo T, Liu J, Guo J, Yuan C, Feng R, Niu C, Sun X, Yang B. Exploring Differentially Expressed Genes and Natural Antisense Transcripts in Sheep (Ovis aries) Skin with Different Wool Fiber Diameters by Digital Gene Expression Profiling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129249. [PMID: 26076016 PMCID: PMC4468096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wool fiber diameter (WFD) is the most important economic trait of wool. However, the genes specifically controlling WFD remain elusive. In this study, the expression profiles of skin from two groups of Gansu Alpine merino sheep with different WFD (a super-fine wool group [FD = 18.0 ± 0.5 μm, n=3] and a fine wool group [FD=23.0 ± 0.5 μm, n=3]) were analyzed using next-generation sequencing-based digital gene expression profiling. A total of 40 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, including 9 up-regulated genes and 31 down-regulated genes. Further expression profile analysis of natural antisense transcripts (NATs) showed that more than 30% of the genes presented in sheep skin expression profiles had NATs. A total of 7 NATs with significant differential expression were detected, and all were down-regulated. Among of 40 DEGs, 3 DEGs (AQP8, Bos d2, and SPRR) had significant NATs which were all significantly down-regulated in the super-fine wool group. In total of DEGs and NATs were summarized as 3 main GO categories and 38 subcategories. Among the molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes categories, binding, cell part and metabolic process were the most dominant subcategories, respectively. However, no significant enrichment of GO terms was found (corrected P-value >0.05). The pathways that were significantly enriched with significant DEGs and NATs were mainly the lipoic acid metabolism, bile secretion, salivary secretion and ribosome and phenylalanine metabolism pathways (P < 0.05). The results indicated that expression of NATs and gene transcripts were correlated, suggesting a role in gene regulation. The discovery of these DEGs and NATs could facilitate enhanced selection for super-fine wool sheep through gene-assisted selection or targeted gene manipulation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojing Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Feng
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chune Niu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bohui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
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229
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Lim KM, An S, Lee OK, Lee MJ, Lee JP, Lee KS, Lee GT, Lee KK, Bae S. Analysis of changes in microRNA expression profiles in response to the troxerutin-mediated antioxidant effect in human dermal papilla cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2650-60. [PMID: 25955790 PMCID: PMC4464413 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal papilla (DP) cells function as important regulators of the hair growth cycle. The loss of these cells is a primary cause of diseases characterized by hair loss, including alopecia, and evidence has revealed significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hair tissue and DP cells in the balding population. In the present study, troxerutin, a flavonoid derivative of rutin, was demonstrated to have a protective effect against H2O2-mediated cellular damage in human DP (HDP) cells. Biochemical assays revealed that pretreatment with troxerutin exerted a protective effect against H2O2-induced loss of cell viability and H2O2 induced cell death. Further experiments confirmed that troxerutin inhibited the H2O2-induced production of ROS and upregulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Using microRNA (miRNA) microarrays, the present study identified 24 miRNAs, which were differentially expressed in the troxerutin pretreated, H2O2-treated HDP cells. Subsequent prediction using bioinformatics analysis revealed that the altered miRNAs were functionally involved in several cell signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase and WNT pathways. Overall, these results indicated that ROS-mediated cellular damage was inhibited by troxerutin and suggested that the use of troxerutin may be an effective approach in the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mi Lim
- Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyu Lee
- Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Pyo Lee
- Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungcheong 330‑882, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungcheong 330‑882, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghang Tai Lee
- Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungcheong 330‑882, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Kook Lee
- Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungcheong 330‑882, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
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230
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Strong AL, Bowles AC, MacCrimmon CP, Frazier TP, Lee SJ, Wu X, Katz AJ, Gawronska-Kozak B, Bunnell BA, Gimble JM. Adipose stromal cells repair pressure ulcers in both young and elderly mice: potential role of adipogenesis in skin repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:632-42. [PMID: 25900728 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED More than 2.5 million patients in the U.S. require treatment for pressure ulcers annually, and the elderly are at particularly high risk for pressure ulcer development. Current therapy for pressure ulcers consists of conservative medical management for shallow lesions and aggressive debridement and surgery for deeper lesions. The current study uses a murine model to address the hypothesis that adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ASC) treatment would accelerate and enhance pressure ulcer repair. The dorsal skin of both young (2 months old [mo]) and old (20 mo) C57BL/6J female mice was sandwiched between external magnets for 12 hours over 2 consecutive days to initiate a pressure ulcer. One day following the induction, mice were injected with ASCs isolated from congenic mice transgenic for the green fluorescent protein under a ubiquitous promoter. Relative to phosphate-buffered saline-treated controls, ASC-treated mice displayed a cell concentration-dependent acceleration of wound closure, improved epidermal/dermal architecture, increased adipogenesis, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. The ASC-induced improvements occurred in both young and elderly recipients, although the expression profile of angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and reparative mRNAs differed as a function of age. The results are consistent with clinical reports that fat grafting improved skin architecture in thermal injuries; the authors of this published study have invoked ASC-based mechanisms to account for their clinical outcomes. Thus, the current proof-of-principle study sets the stage for clinical translation of autologous and/or allogeneic ASC treatment of pressure ulcers. SIGNIFICANCE Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) promote the healing of pressure ulcer wounds in both young and old mice. ASCs enhance wound healing rates through adipogenic differentiation and regeneration of the underlying architecture of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Connor P MacCrimmon
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Trivia P Frazier
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Lee
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Adam J Katz
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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231
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Barker A. Skin structure. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118655412.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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232
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Bassino E, Gasparri F, Giannini V, Munaron L. Paracrine crosstalk between human hair follicle dermal papilla cells and microvascular endothelial cells. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:388-90. [PMID: 25690790 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human follicle dermal papilla cells (FDPC) are a specialized population of mesenchymal cells located in the skin. They regulate hair follicle (HF) development and growth, and represent a reservoir of multipotent stem cells. Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that HF cycling is associated with vascular remodeling. Follicular keratinocytes release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that sustains perifollicular angiogenesis leading to an increase of follicle and hair size. Furthermore, several human diseases characterized by hair loss, including Androgenetic Alopecia, exhibit alterations of skin vasculature. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HF vascularization remain largely unknown. In vitro coculture approaches can be successfully employed to greatly improve our knowledge and shed more light on this issue. Here we used Transwell-based co-cultures to show that FDPC promote survival, proliferation and tubulogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) more efficiently than fibroblasts. Accordingly, FDPC enhance the endothelial release of VEGF and IGF-1, two well-known proangiogenic growth factors. Collectively, our data suggest a key role of papilla cells in vascular remodeling of the hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bassino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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233
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Oxidative stress-associated senescence in dermal papilla cells of men with androgenetic alopecia. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1244-1252. [PMID: 25647436 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) taken from male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients undergo premature senescence in vitro in association with the expression of p16(INK4a), suggesting that DPCs from balding scalp are more sensitive to environmental stress than nonbalding cells. As one of the major triggers of senescence in vitro stems from the cell "culture shock" owing to oxidative stress, we have further investigated the effects of oxidative stress on balding and occipital scalp DPCs. Patient-matched DPCs from balding and occipital scalp were cultured at atmospheric (21%) or physiologically normal (2%) O2. At 21% O2, DPCs showed flattened morphology and a significant reduction in mobility, population doubling, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and senescence-associated β-Gal activity, and increased expression of p16(INK4a) and pRB. Balding DPCs secreted higher levels of the negative hair growth regulators transforming growth factor beta 1 and 2 in response to H2O2 but not cell culture-associated oxidative stress. Balding DPCs had higher levels of catalase and total glutathione but appear to be less able to handle oxidative stress compared with occipital DPCs. These in vitro findings suggest that there may be a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AGA both in relation to cell senescence and migration but also secretion of known hair follicle inhibitory factors.
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234
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Derivation of hair-inducing cell from human pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116892. [PMID: 25607935 PMCID: PMC4301813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal Papillae (DP) is a unique population of mesenchymal cells that was shown to regulate hair follicle formation and growth cycle. During development most DP cells are derived from mesoderm, however, functionally equivalent DP cells of cephalic hairs originate from Neural Crest (NC). Here we directed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to generate first NC cells and then hair-inducing DP-like cells in culture. We showed that hESC-derived DP-like cells (hESC-DPs) express markers typically found in adult human DP cells (e.g. p-75, nestin, versican, SMA, alkaline phosphatase) and are able to induce hair follicle formation when transplanted under the skin of immunodeficient NUDE mice. Engineered to express GFP, hESC-derived DP-like cells incorporate into DP of newly formed hair follicles and express appropriate markers. We demonstrated that BMP signaling is critical for hESC-DP derivation since BMP inhibitor dorsomorphin completely eliminated hair-inducing activity from hESC-DP cultures. DP cells were proposed as the cell-based treatment for hair loss diseases. Unfortunately human DP cells are not suitable for this purpose because they cannot be obtained in necessary amounts and rapidly loose their ability to induce hair follicle formation when cultured. In this context derivation of functional hESC-DP cells capable of inducing a robust hair growth for the first time shown here can become an important finding for the biomedical science.
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235
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Baicalin, a flavonoid, affects the activity of human dermal papilla cells and promotes anagen induction in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:583-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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236
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Driskell RR, Watt FM. Understanding fibroblast heterogeneity in the skin. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:92-9. [PMID: 25455110 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are found in most tissues, yet they remain poorly characterised. Different fibroblast subpopulations with distinct functions have been identified in the skin. This functional heterogeneity reflects the varied fibroblast lineages that arise from a common embryonic precursor. In addition to autocrine signals, fibroblasts are highly responsive to Wnt-regulated signals from the overlying epidermis, which can act both locally, via extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and via secreted factors that impact the behaviour of fibroblasts in different dermal locations. These findings may explain some of the changes that occur in connective tissue during wound healing and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Driskell
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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237
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Zhang P, Kling RE, Ravuri SK, Kokai LE, Rubin JP, Chai JK, Marra KG. A review of adipocyte lineage cells and dermal papilla cells in hair follicle regeneration. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414556850. [PMID: 25383178 PMCID: PMC4221925 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414556850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is an exceedingly prevalent problem effecting men and women of all ages. The standard of care for alopecia involves either transplanting existing hair follicles to bald areas or attempting to stimulate existing follicles with topical and/or oral medication. Yet, these treatment options are fraught with problems of cost, side effects, and, most importantly, inadequate long-term hair coverage. Innovative cell-based therapies have focused on the dermal papilla cell as a way to grow new hair in previously bald areas. However, despite this attention, many obstacles exist, including retention of dermal papilla inducing ability and maintenance of dermal papilla productivity after several passages of culture. The use of adipocyte lineage cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, has shown promise as a cell-based solution to regulate hair regeneration and may help in maintaining or increasing dermal papilla cells inducing hair ability. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the cellular contribution and regulation of dermal papilla cells and summarize adipocyte lineage cells in hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Russell E Kling
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sudheer K Ravuri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E Kokai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jia-Ke Chai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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238
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Arctiin blocks hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence and cell death though microRNA expression changes in human dermal papilla cells. Biol Res 2014; 47:50. [PMID: 25299961 PMCID: PMC4196076 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important etiological factor for the induction of dermal papilla cell senescence and hair loss, which is also known alopecia. Arctiin is an active lignin isolated from Arctium lappa and has anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, and anti-carcinogenic effects. In the present study, we found that arctiin exerts anti-oxidative effects on human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs). Results To better understand the mechanism, we analyzed the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity, cell death, ROS production and senescence after arctiin pretreatment of HHDPCs. The results showed that arctiin pretreatment significantly inhibited the H2O2-induced reduction in cell viability. Moreover, H2O2-induced sub-G1 phase accumulation and G2 cell cycle arrest were also downregulated by arctiin pretreatment. Interestingly, the increase in intracellular ROS mediated by H2O2 was drastically decreased in HHDPCs cultured in the presence of arctiin. This effect was confirmed by senescence associated-beta galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay results; we found that arctiin pretreatment impaired H2O2-induced senescence in HHDPCs. Using microRNA (miRNA) microarray and bioinformatic analysis, we showed that this anti-oxidative effect of arctiin in HHDPCs was related with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt signaling pathways. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that arctiin has a protective effect on ROS-induced cell dysfunction in HHDPCs and may therefore be useful for alopecia prevention and treatment strategies.
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239
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Lane SW, Williams DA, Watt FM. Modulating the stem cell niche for tissue regeneration. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:795-803. [PMID: 25093887 PMCID: PMC4422171 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine holds considerable promise for treating diseases that are currently intractable. Although many researchers are adopting the strategy of cell transplantation for tissue repair, an alternative approach to therapy is to manipulate the stem cell microenvironment, or niche, to facilitate repair by endogenous stem cells. The niche is highly dynamic, with multiple opportunities for intervention. These include administration of small molecules, biologics or biomaterials that target specific aspects of the niche, such as cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, to stimulate expansion or differentiation of stem cells, or to cause reversion of differentiated cells to stem cells. Nevertheless, there are several challenges in targeting the niche therapeutically, not least that of achieving specificity of delivery and responses. We envisage that successful treatments in regenerative medicine will involve different combinations of factors to target stem cells and niche cells, applied at different times to effect recovery according to the dynamics of stem cell-niche interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Lane
- Division of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Williams
- 1] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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240
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Qian DJ, Guo XK, Duan HC, Han ZH, Meng F, Liu J, Wang Y. An application of embryonic skin cells to repair diabetic skin wound: a wound reparation trail. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1630-7. [PMID: 25030484 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214542067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has shown its power to promote diabetic chronic wound healing. However, problems of scar formation and loss of appendages have not yet been solved. Our study aims to explore the potential of using embryonic skin cells (ESkCs) to repair diabetic wounds. Circular wound was created on the back of the diabetic mice, and ESkCs stained with CM-DIL were transplanted into the wound. Wound area was recorded at the day 4, 7, 11, and 14 after transplantation. The tissue samples were obtained at week 1, 2, and 3, and the tissue sections were stained by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD31. The new skin formed on the wound of the diabetic mice with ESkC treatment at week 1 but not on the wounds of the non-treatment group. The histological scores of diabetic group with ESkC treatment were significantly better than the non-treatment group (P < 0.05). The fluorescence examination of CM-DIL and CD31 staining indicated that the ESkCs participated in the tissue regeneration, hair follicles formation, and angiogenesis. The expression of TGF-β1 and VEGF in ESkC-treated groups was noticeable in week 1 but disappeared in week 2. TGF-β3 was not expressed at week 1 but expressed markedly around hair follicles in week 2 in ESkC-treated groups. Our study demonstrated that ESkCs are capable of developing new skin with appendage restoration to repair the diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Jian Qian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China Department of Emergency Surgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiang Kai Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Hui Chuan Duan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhi Hua Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
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241
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Kretzschmar K, Watt FM. Markers of epidermal stem cell subpopulations in adult mammalian skin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:cshperspect.a013631. [PMID: 24993676 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost layer of mammalian skin and comprises a multilayered epithelium, the interfollicular epidermis, with associated hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and eccrine sweat glands. As in other epithelia, adult stem cells within the epidermis maintain tissue homeostasis and contribute to repair of tissue damage. The bulge of hair follicles, where DNA-label-retaining cells reside, was traditionally regarded as the sole epidermal stem cell compartment. However, in recent years multiple stem cell populations have been identified. In this review, we discuss the different stem cell compartments of adult murine and human epidermis, the markers that they express, and the assays that are used to characterize epidermal stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kretzschmar
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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242
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Multipotent neural crest stem cell-like cells from rat vibrissa dermal papilla induce neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:186239. [PMID: 25045659 PMCID: PMC4086521 DOI: 10.1155/2014/186239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplants have been approved for treating central nervous system (CNS) injuries and diseases; however, their clinical applications are limited. Here, we model the therapeutic potential of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in vitro. DPCs were isolated from rat vibrissae and characterized by immunocytofluorescence, RT-PCR, and multidifferentiation assays. We examined whether these cells could secrete neurotrophic factors (NTFs) by using cocultures of rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) with conditioned medium and ELISA assay. DPCs expressed Sox10, P75, Nestin, Sox9, and differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, smooth muscle cells, and neurons under specific inducing conditions. The DPC-conditioned medium (DPC-CM) induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells and promoted neurite outgrowth. Results of ELISA assay showed that compared to BMSCs, DPCs secreted more brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Moreover, we observed that, compared with the total DPC population, sphere-forming DPCs expressed higher levels of Nestin and P75 and secreted greater amounts of GDNF. The DPCs from craniofacial hair follicle papilla may be a new and promising source for treating CNS injuries and diseases.
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243
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Kim OY, Cha HJ, Ahn KJ, An IS, An S, Bae S. Identification of microRNAs involved in growth arrest and cell death in hydrogen peroxide-treated human dermal papilla cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:145-54. [PMID: 24756351 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‑coding RNAs that regulate various biological processes by interfering with the translation of target genes. Several studies have suggested that miRNAs are involved in cellular responses to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in hair malignancies, however, the H2O2‑induced, miRNA‑dependent regulatory mechanisms of human dermal papilla (HDP) cells are not fully understood. Our previous study demonstrated that changes in miRNA expression function to regulate growth arrest and apoptosis in UVB‑irradiated HDPs. In the present study, miRNA expression was profiled in HDPs treated with H2O2. The transcriptome analysis of H2O2‑treated HDPs enabled the identification of 68 differentially expressed miRNAs (62 were upregulated and 6 were downregulated) and 14,316 putative target genes of the miRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was utilized to verify that the putative target genes of the altered miRNAs were associated with H2O2‑induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis. This bioinformatics analysis indicated that H2O2‑response pathways involved in growth arrest and apoptosis were significantly affected. The identification of miRNAs and their putative targets may offer new therapeutic strategies for H2O2‑induced hair follicle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Yeon Kim
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jun Cha
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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244
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Miao Y, Sun YB, Liu BC, Jiang JD, Hu ZQ. Controllable production of transplantable adult human high-passage dermal papilla spheroids using 3D matrigel culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2329-38. [PMID: 24528213 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have succeeded in culturing human dermal papilla (DP) cell spheroids and developed a three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel (basement membrane matrix) culture technique that can enhance and restore DP cells unique characteristics in vitro. When 1 × 10(4) DP cells were cultured on the 96-well plates precoated with Matrigel for 5 days, both passage 2 and passage 8 DP cells formed spheroidal microtissues with a diameter of 150-250 μm in an aggregative and proliferative manner. We transferred and recultured these DP spheroids onto commercial plates. Cells within DP spheres could disaggregate and migrate out, which was similar to primary DP. Moreover, we examined the expression of several genes and proteins associated with hair follicle inductivity of DP cells, such as NCAM, Versican, and α-smooth muscle actin, and confirmed that their expression level was elevated in the spheres compared with the dissociated DP cells. To examine the hair-inducing ability of DP spheres, hair germinal matrix cells (HGMCs) and DP spheres were mixed and cultured on Matrigel. Unlike the dissociated DP cells and HGMCs cocultured in two dimensions, HGMCs can differentiate into hair-like fibers under the induction of the DP spheres made from the high-passage cells (passage 8) in vitro. We are the first to show that passage 3 human HGMCs differentiate into hair-like fibers in the presence of human DP spheroids. These results suggest that the 3D Matrigel culture technique is an ideal culture model for forming DP spheroids and that sphere formation partially models the intact DP, resulting in hair induction, even by high-passage DP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Miao
- 1 Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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245
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Hu MSM, Rennert RC, McArdle A, Chung MT, Walmsley GG, Longaker MT, Lorenz HP. The Role of Stem Cells During Scarless Skin Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:304-314. [PMID: 24761362 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: In early gestation, fetal skin wounds undergo regeneration and healing without a scar. This phenomenon is intrinsic to early fetal skin but disappears during late gestation. Adult wounds undergo repair via a fibroproliferative response that leads to incomplete regeneration of the original tissue and a resultant scar. This outcome can have devastating effects for patients and is a significant financial burden to the healthcare system. Recent Advances: Studies have demonstrated the possible role of several stem cells in wound healing. In particular, epidermal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells have been implicated in wound repair and regeneration. Recently, stem cells with adult epidermal stem cell markers have been found in fetal skin dermis. These cells are thought to play a role in scarless fetal wound healing. Critical Issues: Despite numerous studies on scarless fetal wound healing, the exact mechanism is still largely unknown. Although inflammation is greatly reduced, the stem cell profile of regenerating fetal skin wounds remains unknown. Without a detailed understanding of stem cell differences between fetal and adult wounds, the ability to prevent or treat both normal and pathologic excessive scarring, in the form of keloids and hypertrophic scars, is limited. Future Directions: Further studies on differences between fetal and adult skin-specific stem cells may elucidate the mechanism of scarless wound healing in the early fetus. With this knowledge, the potential to reduce scarring in adult wounds may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sung-Min Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - Robert C. Rennert
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adrian McArdle
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael T. Chung
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Graham G. Walmsley
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - H. Peter Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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246
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Purba TS, Haslam IS, Poblet E, Jiménez F, Gandarillas A, Izeta A, Paus R. Human epithelial hair follicle stem cells and their progeny: current state of knowledge, the widening gap in translational research and future challenges. Bioessays 2014; 36:513-25. [PMID: 24665045 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial hair follicle stem cells (eHFSCs) are required to generate, maintain and renew the continuously cycling hair follicle (HF), supply cells that produce the keratinized hair shaft and aid in the reepithelialization of injured skin. Therefore, their study is biologically and clinically important, from alopecia to carcinogenesis and regenerative medicine. However, human eHFSCs remain ill defined compared to their murine counterparts, and it is unclear which murine eHFSC markers really apply to the human HF. We address this by reviewing current concepts on human eHFSC biology, their immediate progeny and their molecular markers, focusing on Keratin 15 and 19, CD200, CD34, PHLDA1, and EpCAM/Ber-EP4. After delineating how human eHFSCs may be selectively targeted experimentally, we close by defining as yet unmet key challenges in human eHFSC research. The ultimate goal is to transfer emerging concepts from murine epithelial stem cell biology to human HF physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talveen S Purba
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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247
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Nissimov JN, Das Chaudhuri AB. Hair curvature: a natural dialectic and review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:723-66. [PMID: 24617997 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although hair forms (straight, curly, wavy, etc.) are present in apparently infinite variations, each fibre can be reduced to a finite sequence of tandem segments of just three types: straight, bent/curly, or twisted. Hair forms can thus be regarded as resulting from genetic pathways that induce, reverse or modulate these basic curvature modes. However, physical interconversions between twists and curls demonstrate that strict one-to-one correspondences between them and their genetic causes do not exist. Current hair-curvature theories do not distinguish between bending and twisting mechanisms. We here introduce a multiple papillary centres (MPC) model which is particularly suitable to explain twisting. The model combines previously known features of hair cross-sectional morphology with partially/completely separated dermal papillae within single follicles, and requires such papillae to induce differential growth rates of hair cortical material in their immediate neighbourhoods. The MPC model can further help to explain other, poorly understood, aspects of hair growth and morphology. Separate bending and twisting mechanisms would be preferentially affected at the major or minor ellipsoidal sides of fibres, respectively, and together they exhaust the possibilities for influencing hair-form phenotypes. As such they suggest dialectic for hair-curvature development. We define a natural-dialectic (ND) which could take advantage of speculative aspects of dialectic, but would verify its input data and results by experimental methods. We use this as a top-down approach to first define routes by which hair bending or twisting may be brought about and then review evidence in support of such routes. In particular we consider the wingless (Wnt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways as paradigm pathways for molecular hair bending and twisting mechanisms, respectively. In addition to the Wnt canonical pathway, the Wnt/Ca(2+) and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways, and others, can explain many alternatives and specific variations of hair bending phenotypes. Mechanisms for hair papilla budding or its division by bisection or fission can explain MPC formation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transitions, acting in collaboration with epithelial-mesenchymal communications are also considered as mechanisms affecting hair growth and its bending and twisting. These may be treated as sub-mechanisms of an overall development from neural-crest stem cell (NCSC) lineages to differentiated hair follicle (HF) cell types, thus providing a unified framework for hair growth and development.
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248
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Chu Q, Cai L, Fu Y, Chen X, Yan Z, Lin X, Zhou G, Han H, Widelitz RB, Chuong CM, Wu W, Yue Z. Dkk2/Frzb in the dermal papillae regulates feather regeneration. Dev Biol 2014; 387:167-78. [PMID: 24463139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Avian feathers have robust growth and regeneration capability. To evaluate the contribution of signaling molecules and pathways in these processes, we profiled gene expression in the feather follicle using an absolute quantification approach. We identified hundreds of genes that mark specific components of the feather follicle: the dermal papillae (DP) which controls feather regeneration and axis formation, the pulp mesenchyme (Pp) which is derived from DP cells and nourishes the feather follicle, and the ramogenic zone epithelium (Erz) where a feather starts to branch. The feather DP is enriched in BMP/TGF-β signaling molecules and inhibitors for Wnt signaling including Dkk2/Frzb. Wnt ligands are mainly expressed in the feather epithelium and pulp. We find that while Wnt signaling is required for the maintenance of DP marker gene expression and feather regeneration, excessive Wnt signaling delays regeneration and reduces pulp formation. Manipulating Dkk2/Frzb expression by lentiviral-mediated overexpression, shRNA-knockdown, or by antibody neutralization resulted in dual feather axes formation. Our results suggest that the Wnt signaling in the proximal feather follicle is fine-tuned to accommodate feather regeneration and axis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, # 2 Xue Yuan Road, University Campus, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Linyan Cai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, # 2 Xue Yuan Road, University Campus, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, # 2 Xue Yuan Road, University Campus, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, # 2 Xue Yuan Road, University Campus, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, # 2 Xue Yuan Road, University Campus, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Guixuan Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, # 2 Xue Yuan Road, University Campus, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Hao Han
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cheng-ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhicao Yue
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, # 2 Xue Yuan Road, University Campus, Fujian 350108, China.
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249
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Gattazzo F, Urciuolo A, Bonaldo P. Extracellular matrix: a dynamic microenvironment for stem cell niche. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2506-19. [PMID: 24418517 PMCID: PMC4081568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex environment characterized by biophysical, mechanical and biochemical properties specific for each tissue and able to regulate cell behavior. Stem cells have a key role in the maintenance and regeneration of tissues and they are located in a specific microenvironment, defined as niche. Scope of review We overview the progresses that have been made in elucidating stem cell niches and discuss the mechanisms by which ECM affects stem cell behavior. We also summarize the current tools and experimental models for studying ECM–stem cell interactions. Major conclusions ECM represents an essential player in stem cell niche, since it can directly or indirectly modulate the maintenance, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Several ECM molecules play regulatory functions for different types of stem cells, and based on its molecular composition the ECM can be deposited and finely tuned for providing the most appropriate niche for stem cells in the various tissues. Engineered biomaterials able to mimic the in vivo characteristics of stem cell niche provide suitable in vitro tools for dissecting the different roles exerted by the ECM and its molecular components on stem cell behavior. General significance ECM is a key component of stem cell niches and is involved in various aspects of stem cell behavior, thus having a major impact on tissue homeostasis and regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties. Stem cells have a key role in the maintenance and regeneration of tissues. The extracellular matrix is a critical regulator of stem cell function. Stem cells reside in a dynamic and specialized microenvironment denoted as niche. The extracellular matrix represents an essential component of stem cell niches. Bioengineered niches can be used for investigating stem cell–matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gattazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Urciuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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250
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Aljuffali IA, Sung CT, Shen FM, Huang CT, Fang JY. Squarticles as a lipid nanocarrier for delivering diphencyprone and minoxidil to hair follicles and human dermal papilla cells. AAPS J 2014; 16:140-50. [PMID: 24307611 PMCID: PMC3889522 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of diphencyprone (DPCP) and minoxidil to hair follicles and related cells is important in the treatment of alopecia. Here we report the development of "squarticles," nanoparticles formed from sebum-derived lipids such as squalene and fatty esters, for use in achieving targeted drug delivery to the follicles. Two different nanosystems, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and nanoemulsions (NE), were prepared. The physicochemical properties of squarticles, including size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency, and drug release, were examined. Squarticles were compared to a free control solution with respect to skin absorption, follicular accumulation, and dermal papilla cell targeting. The particle size of the NLC type was 177 nm; that of the NE type was 194 nm. Approximately 80% of DPCP and 60% of minoxidil were entrapped into squarticles. An improved drug deposition in the skin was observed in the in vitro absorption test. Compared to the free control, the squarticles reduced minoxidil penetration through the skin. This may indicate a minimized absorption into systemic circulation. Follicular uptake by squarticles was 2- and 7-fold higher for DPCP and minoxidil respectively compared to the free control. Fluorescence and confocal images of the skin confirmed a great accumulation of squarticles in the follicles and the deeper skin strata. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in dermal papilla cells was significantly upregulated after the loading of minoxidil into the squarticles. In vitro papilla cell viability and in vivo skin irritancy tests in nude mice suggested a good tolerability of squarticles to skin. Squarticles provide a promising nanocarrier for topical delivery of DPCP and minoxidil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Aljuffali
- />Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Calvin T. Sung
- />Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Feng-Ming Shen
- />Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
- />Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Huang
- />Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
- />Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- />Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
- />Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan Taiwan
- />Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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