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Roles of Interleukin-6-mediated immunometabolic reprogramming in COVID-19 and other viral infection-associated diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109005. [PMID: 35780641 PMCID: PMC9236983 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a highly pleiotropic glycoprotein factor that can modulate innate and adaptive immunity as well as various aspects of metabolism, including glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, the expression and release of IL-6 is shown to be significantly increased in numerous diseases related to virus infection, and this increase is positively correlated with the disease severity. Immunity and metabolism are two highly integrated and interdependent systems, the balance between them plays a pivotal role in maintaining body homeostasis. IL-6-elicited inflammatory response is found to be closely associated with metabolic disorder in patients with viral infection. This brief review summarizes the regulatory role of IL-6 in immunometabolic reprogramming among seven viral infection-associated diseases.
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202
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Immunoenhancing Effects of Cyclina sinensis Pentadecapeptide through Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090560. [PMID: 36135750 PMCID: PMC9505337 DOI: 10.3390/md20090560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the immune-enhancing mechanism of the pentadecapeptide (RVAPEEHPVEGRYLV) from Cyclina sinensis (SCSP) in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced murine model of immunosuppression. Our results showed that SCSP treatment significantly increased mouse body weight, immune organ indices, and the production of serum IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in CTX-treated mice. In addition, SCSP treatment enhanced the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages, as well as phagocytosis of the latter in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SCSP elevated the phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK, JNK, PI3K and Akt, and up-regulated IKKα, IKKβ, p50 NF-κB and p65 NF-κB protein levels, while down-regulating IκBα protein levels. Our results indicate that SCSP has immune-enhancing activities, and that it can activate the MAPK/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways to enhance immunity in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice.
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203
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Botti G, Bianchi A, Pavan B, Tedeschi P, Albanese V, Ferraro L, Spizzo F, Del Bianco L, Dalpiaz A. Effects of Microencapsulated Ferulic Acid or Its Prodrug Methyl Ferulate on Neuroinflammation Induced by Muramyl Dipeptide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10609. [PMID: 36078325 PMCID: PMC9518205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (Fer) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which are possibly useful against neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the ability of Fer to permeate the brain, its fast elimination from the body does not allow its therapeutic use to be optimized. The present study proposes the preparation and characterization of tristearin- or stearic acid-based solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) as sustained delivery and targeting systems for Fer. The microparticles were produced by conventional hot emulsion techniques. The synthesis of the methyl ester of Fer (Fer-Me) allowed its encapsulation in the SLMs to increase. Fer-Me was hydrolyzed to Fer in rat whole blood and liver homogenate, evidencing its prodrug behavior. Furthermore, Fer-Me displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The amount of encapsulated Fer-Me was 0.719 ± 0.005% or 1.507 ± 0.014% in tristearin or stearic acid SLMs, respectively. The tristearin SLMs were able to control the prodrug release, while the stearic acid SLMs induced a significant increase of its dissolution rate in water. Jointly, the present results suggest that the tristearin SLMs loaded with Fer-Me could be a potential formulation against peripheral neuropathic pain; conversely, the stearic acid SLMs could be useful for Fer-Me uptake in the brain after nasal administration of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Botti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Bianchi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation—Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Tedeschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara and LTTA Center, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Spizzo
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, via G. Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Del Bianco
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, via G. Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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204
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Ramirez N, Posadas-Cantera S, Langer N, de Oteyza ACG, Proietti M, Keller B, Zhao F, Gernedl V, Pecoraro M, Eibel H, Warnatz K, Ballestar E, Geiger R, Bossen C, Grimbacher B. Multi-omics analysis of naïve B cells of patients harboring the C104R mutation in TACI. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938240. [PMID: 36072607 PMCID: PMC9443529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent form of symptomatic primary immunodeficiency in humans. The genetic cause of CVID is still unknown in about 70% of cases. Ten percent of CVID patients carry heterozygous mutations in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B gene (TNFRSF13B), encoding TACI. Mutations in TNFRSF13B alone may not be sufficient for the development of CVID, as 1% of the healthy population carry these mutations. The common hypothesis is that TACI mutations are not fully penetrant and additional factors contribute to the development of CVID. To determine these additional factors, we investigated the perturbations of transcription factor (TF) binding and the transcriptome profiles in unstimulated and CD40L/IL21-stimulated naïve B cells from CVID patients harboring the C104R mutation in TNFRSF13B and compared them to their healthy relatives with the same mutation. In addition, the proteome of stimulated naïve B cells was investigated. For functional validation, intracellular protein concentrations were measured by flow cytometry. Our analysis revealed 8% less accessible chromatin in unstimulated naïve B cells and 25% less accessible chromatin in class-switched memory B cells from affected and unaffected TACI mutation carriers compared to healthy donors. The most enriched TF binding motifs in TACI mutation carriers involved members from the ETS, IRF, and NF-κB TF families. Validation experiments supported dysregulation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. In steady state, naïve B cells had increased cell death pathways and reduced cell metabolism pathways, while after stimulation, enhanced immune responses and decreased cell survival were detected. Using a multi-omics approach, our findings provide valuable insights into the impaired biology of naïve B cells from TACI mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neftali Ramirez
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Posadas-Cantera
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niko Langer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andres Caballero Garcia de Oteyza
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany
- Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST) – Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fangwen Zhao
- Medical Epigenomics & Genome Technology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine(CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Gernedl
- Medical Epigenomics & Genome Technology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine(CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Pecoraro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bossen
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST) – Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) – German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bodo Grimbacher,
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205
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ADAR3 activates NF-κB signaling and promotes glioblastoma cell resistance to temozolomide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13362. [PMID: 35922651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding protein ADAR3 is expressed exclusively in the brain and reported to have elevated expression in tumors of patients suffering from glioblastoma compared to adjacent brain tissue. Yet, other studies have indicated that glioblastoma tumors exhibit hemizygous deletions of the genomic region encompassing ADAR3 (10p15.3). As the molecular and cellular consequences of altered ADAR3 expression are largely unknown, here we directly examined the impacts of elevated ADAR3 in a glioblastoma cell line model. Transcriptome-wide sequencing revealed 641 differentially expressed genes between control and ADAR3-expressing U87-MG glioblastoma cells. A vast majority of these genes belong to pathways involved in glioblastoma progression and are regulated by NF-κB signaling. Biochemical and molecular analysis indicated that ADAR3-expressing U87-MG cells exhibit increased NF-κB activation, and treatment with an NF-κB inhibitor abrogated the impacts of ADAR3 on gene expression. Similarly, we found that increased cell survival of ADAR3-expressing cells to temozolomide, the preferred chemotherapeutic for glioblastoma, was due to increased NF-κB activity. Aberrant constitutive NF-κB activation is a common event in glioblastoma and can impact both tumor progression and resistance to treatment. Our results suggest that elevated ADAR3 promotes NF-κB activation and a gene expression program that provides a growth advantage to glioblastoma cells.
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206
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Walker KA, Basisty N, Wilson DM, Ferrucci L. Connecting aging biology and inflammation in the omics era. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158448. [PMID: 35838044 PMCID: PMC9282936 DOI: 10.1172/jci158448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damage to macromolecules and cell architecture that triggers a proinflammatory state in blood and solid tissues, termed inflammaging. Inflammaging has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-associated chronic diseases as well as loss of physical and cognitive function. The search for mechanisms that underlie inflammaging focused initially on the hallmarks of aging, but it is rapidly expanding in multiple directions. Here, we discuss the threads connecting cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction to impaired mitophagy and DNA damage, which may act as a hub for inflammaging. We explore the emerging multi-omics efforts that aspire to define the complexity of inflammaging - and identify molecular signatures and novel targets for interventions aimed at counteracting excessive inflammation and its deleterious consequences while preserving the physiological immune response. Finally, we review the emerging evidence that inflammation is involved in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Our goal is to broaden the research agenda for inflammaging with an eye on new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan A Walker
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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207
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Liang W, Qi Y, Yi H, Mao C, Meng Q, Wang H, Zheng C. The Roles of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Human Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908749. [PMID: 35757707 PMCID: PMC9222901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a population of immune cells functioning in antigen presentation and inflammatory response. Research has demonstrated that macrophages belong to a cell lineage with strong plasticity and heterogeneity and can be polarized into different phenotypes under different microenvironments or stimuli. Many macrophages can be recruited by various cytokines secreted by adipose tissue. The recruited macrophages further secrete various inflammatory factors to act on adipocytes, and the interaction between the two leads to chronic inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are closely related to metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes. Here, we will not only conclude the current progress of factors affecting the polarization of adipose tissue macrophages but also elucidate the relationship between ATMs and human diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight its potential in preventing and treating metabolic diseases as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanxu Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyu Mao
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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208
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Kizilirmak C, Bianchi ME, Zambrano S. Insights on the NF-κB System Using Live Cell Imaging: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886127. [PMID: 35844496 PMCID: PMC9277462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor family of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins is widely recognized as a key player in inflammation and the immune responses, where it plays a fundamental role in translating external inflammatory cues into precise transcriptional programs, including the timely expression of a wide variety of cytokines/chemokines. Live cell imaging in single cells showed approximately 15 years ago that the canonical activation of NF-κB upon stimulus is very dynamic, including oscillations of its nuclear localization with a period close to 1.5 hours. This observation has triggered a fruitful interdisciplinary research line that has provided novel insights on the NF-κB system: how its heterogeneous response differs between cell types but also within homogeneous populations; how NF-κB dynamics translate external cues into intracellular signals and how NF-κB dynamics affects gene expression. Here we review the main features of this live cell imaging approach to the study of NF-κB, highlighting the key findings, the existing gaps of knowledge and hinting towards some of the potential future steps of this thriving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cise Kizilirmak
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E. Bianchi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco E. Bianchi, ; Samuel Zambrano,
| | - Samuel Zambrano
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco E. Bianchi, ; Samuel Zambrano,
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209
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Zhang T, Bai X, Chi H, Liu T, Li S, Wei C, Shi W. The mounted alloimmunity of the iris-ciliary body devotes a hotbed of immune cells for corneal transplantation rejection. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109167. [PMID: 35777471 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Graft rejection is still the major obstacle causing corneal transplantation failure. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains largely unclear. The iris-ciliary body (I-C) is enriched with blood vessels and various immune cell populations, presumably predisposed to be involved in corneal transplantation rejection. After penetrating keratoplasty, compared to the normal (Nor) and syngeneic (Syn) groups, I-C tissues in the allogeneic (Allo) group displayed stronger alloimmune responses, with more infiltrations of CD45+ inflammatory cells and CD3+ lymphocytes, increased transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and elevated NF-κB activity. This histopathology was similar to the pathological alterations of corneal allografts. Angiography analysis revealed the abnormal vasculature in the iris during allograft rejection, characterized by vasodilatation, increased vessel density, and vascular permeability. While, immunofluorescence staining showed the intact tight junction of the posterior iris epithelium. In vitro, human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) showed an increased Evans blue (EB)-albumin leakage, with lower expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin. The increased EB-albumin leakage, up-regulated NF-κB activity, and reduced expression of ZO-1 and Occludin could be partially reversed after cyclosporine A (CsA) administration. In contrast, the barrier function in primary mouse iris pigment epithelial cells (IPEs) after TNF-α treatment remained largely unchanged. These findings revealed the vigorous alloimmunity in I-C tissues, characterized with impaired vascularization but intact posterior epithelial barrier in the iris, which allowed proteins and immune cells to be exudated from the front surface of I-C tissues, and facilitated immune reaction in the anterior chamber, thereby contributing to aggravated corneal transplantation rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China; School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Hao Chi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Suxia Li
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China; School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China.
| | - Weiyun Shi
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, China; School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, China.
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210
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Lukiw WJ. NF-kB (p50/p65)-Mediated Pro-Inflammatory microRNA (miRNA) Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:943492. [PMID: 35836546 PMCID: PMC9274251 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.943492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Walter J. Lukiw
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211
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Interplay between Zn2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Functions in Cardiovascular Diseases and Heart Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136890. [PMID: 35805904 PMCID: PMC9266371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an important role in cardiomyocytes, where it exists in bound and histochemically reactive labile Zn2+ forms. Although Zn2+ concentration is under tight control through several Zn2+-transporters, its concentration and intracellular distribution may vary during normal cardiac function and pathological conditions, when the protein levels and efficacy of Zn2+ transporters can lead to zinc re-distribution among organelles in cardiomyocytes. Such dysregulation of cellular Zn2+ homeostasis leads to mitochondrial and ER stresses, and interrupts normal ER/mitochondria cross-talk and mitophagy, which subsequently, result in increased ROS production and dysregulated metabolic function. Besides cardiac structural and functional defects, insufficient Zn2+ supply was associated with heart development abnormalities, induction and progression of cardiovascular diseases, resulting in accelerated cardiac ageing. In the present review, we summarize the recently identified connections between cellular and mitochondrial Zn2+ homeostasis, ER stress and mitophagy in heart development, excitation–contraction coupling, heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Additionally, we discuss the role of Zn2+ in accelerated heart ageing and ageing-associated rise of mitochondrial ROS and cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
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212
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Li F, Kang X, Xin W, Li X. The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicle Derived From Neurons/Neurogliocytes in Central Nervous System Diseases: Novel Insights Into Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890698. [PMID: 35559228 PMCID: PMC9086165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and neurogliocytes (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia) are essential for maintaining homeostasis of the microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS). These cells have been shown to support cell-cell communication via multiple mechanisms, most recently by the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since EVs carry a variety of cargoes of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and mediate intercellular communication, they have been the hotspot of diagnosis and treatment. The mechanisms underlying CNS disorders include angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, cell death, and inflammation, and cell-EVs have been revealed to be involved in these pathological processes. Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. It results in serious neurological and physical dysfunction and even leads to heavy economic and social burdens. Although a large number of researchers have reported that EVs derived from these cells play a vital role in regulating multiple pathological mechanisms in ischemic stroke, the specific interactional relationships and mechanisms between specific cell-EVs and stroke treatment have not been clearly described. This review aims to summarize the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of specific cell-EVs on ischemia. Additionally, this study emphasizes that these EVs are involved in stroke treatment by inhibiting and activating various signaling pathways such as ncRNAs, TGF-β1, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaokui Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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213
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Elkenani M, Barakat AZ, Held T, Rodrigues DM, Mobarak S, Swarnka S, Adham IM, Mohamed BA. Heat shock protein A4 ablation leads to skeletal muscle myopathy associated with dysregulated autophagy and induced apoptosis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:229. [PMID: 35568953 PMCID: PMC9107738 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular chaperones assist protein folding, facilitate degradation of misfolded polypeptides, and thereby maintain protein homeostasis. Impaired chaperone activity leads to defective protein quality control that is implicated in multiple skeletal muscle diseases. The heat shock protein A4 (HSPA4) acts as a co-chaperone for HSP70. Previously, we showed that Hspa4 deletion causes impaired protein homeostasis in the heart. However, its functional role in skeletal muscle has not been explored. METHODS We performed a comparative phenotypic and biochemical analyses of Hspa4 knockout (KO) mice with wild-type (WT) littermates. RESULTS HSPA4 is markedly upregulated in regenerating WT muscle in vivo, and in differentiated myoblasts in vitro. Hspa4-KO mice are marked by growth retardation and increased variability in body weight, accompanied by 35% mortality rates during the peri-weaning period. The surviving Hspa4-KO mice experienced progressive skeletal muscle myopathy, characterized by increased number of muscle fibers with centralized nuclei, heterogeneous myofiber size distribution, inflammatory cell infiltrates and upregulation of embryonic and perinatal myosin heavy chain transcripts. Hspa4-KO muscles demonstrated an accumulation of autophagosome-associated proteins including microtubule associated protein1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and p62/sequestosome accompanied by increased number of TUNEL-positive nuclei. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the indispensable role of HSPA4 in maintenance of muscle integrity through contribution in skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for skeletal muscle morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Elkenani
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amal Z Barakat
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Torsten Held
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Marques Rodrigues
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sherok Mobarak
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Surabhi Swarnka
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim M Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Belal A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Tukaj S, Mantej J, Sitko K, Zillikens D, Ludwig RJ, Bieber K, Kasperkiewicz M. Pathological Relevance of Anti-Hsp70 IgG Autoantibodies in Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877958. [PMID: 35514963 PMCID: PMC9065281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a key intra- and extracellular molecular chaperone implicated in autoimmune processes. Highly immunogenic extracellular Hsp70 can activate innate and acquired (adaptive) immune responses driving the generation of anti-Hsp70 autoantibodies that are frequently observed in inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. We recently described the direct pathological role of extracellular Hsp70 in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an anti-type VII collagen autoantibody-mediated autoimmune blistering skin disease. Here, we determined the role of anti-Hsp70 autoantibodies in EBA. We observed that circulating anti-Hsp70 IgG autoantibodies were significantly elevated in EBA patients compared to healthy individuals and positively correlated with serum levels of pro-inflammatory interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The pathophysiological relevance of anti-Hsp70 IgG autoantibodies was demonstrated in an antibody transfer-induced EBA mouse model in which elevated serum levels of anti-Hsp70 IgG were found. In addition, anti-Hsp70 IgG-treated animals had a more intense clinical and histological disease activity, as well as upregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in skin biopsies compared to isotype-treated animals. Our results suggest that autoantibodies to Hsp70 may contribute to EBA development via enhanced neutrophil infiltration to the skin and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in an IFN-γ-associated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jagoda Mantej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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215
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Glabralactone, a Coumarin Compound from Angelica sinensis, via Suppression of TRIF-Dependent IRF-3 Signaling and NF-κB Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:5985255. [PMID: 35586367 PMCID: PMC9110254 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5985255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried root of Angelica sinensis (A. sinensis) has been widely used in Chinese traditional medicine for various diseases such as inflammation, osteoarthritis, infections, mild anemia, fatigue, and high blood pressure. Searching for the secondary metabolites of A. sinensis has been mainly conducted. However, the bioactivity of coumarins in the plant remains unexplored. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of glabralactone, a coumarin compound from A. sinensis, using in vitro and in vivo models, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Glabralactone effectively inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The downregulation of LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and miR-155 was found by glabralactone. The activation of NF-κB and TRIF-dependent IRF-3 pathway was also effectively suppressed by glabralactone in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Glabralactone (5 and 10 mg/kg) exhibited an in vivo anti-inflammatory activity with the reduction of paw edema volume in carrageenan-induced rat model, and the expressions of iNOS and IL-1β proteins were suppressed by glabralactone in the paw soft tissues of the animal model. Taken together, glabralactone exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro and in vivo models. These findings reveal that glabralactone might be one of the potential components for the anti-inflammatory activity of A. sinensis and may be prioritized in the development of a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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216
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Xiong P, Huang X, Ye N, Lu Q, Zhang G, Peng S, Wang H, Liu Y. Cytotoxicity of Metal-Based Nanoparticles: From Mechanisms and Methods of Evaluation to Pathological Manifestations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106049. [PMID: 35343105 PMCID: PMC9165481 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly important tools in tissue engineering-, drug carrier-, interventional therapy-, and biobased technologies. However, their complex and varied migration and transformation pathways, as well as their continuous accumulation in closed biological systems, cause various unpredictable toxic effects that threaten human and ecosystem health. Considerable experimental and theoretical efforts have been made toward understanding these cytotoxic effects, though more research on metal-based NPs integrated with clinical medicine is required. This review summarizes the mechanisms and evaluation methods of cytotoxicity and provides an in-depth analysis of the typical effects generated in the nervous, immune, reproductive, and genetic systems. In addition, the challenges and opportunities are discussed to enhance future investigations on safer metal-based NPs for practical commercial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizheng Xiong
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxi Province530023P. R. China
| | - Naijing Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Qunwen Lu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Shunlin Peng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Institute of Smart City and Intelligent TransportationSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611700P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
- Department of BiophysicsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610054P. R. China
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217
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Guo L, Li L. LIN28A alleviates inflammation, oxidative stress, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑treated human periodontal ligament stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:411. [PMID: 35601075 PMCID: PMC9117959 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Stomatology Clinic, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, Guangdong 514000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangfang General Hospital, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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218
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Azhdari S, Saghi M, Alani B, Zare Rafie M, Kenarangi T, Nasrollahzadeh Sabet M, Pakzad B, Ghorashi T, Gholami M, Soosanabadi M. Assessment of the association between TNIP1 polymorphism with clinical features and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:903-909. [PMID: 35475371 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221094706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the past decades, TNIP1 has been identified as a strong risk locus in multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS), spanning multiple populations and various autoimmune diseases. TNIP1 is a polyubiquitin-binding protein that works as a physiological inhibitor of NF-κB and maintains immune homeostasis. Some studies have confirmed that TNIP1 is downregulated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the current study, for the first time, we evaluated the possible association between rs6889239 polymorphism in the TNIP1 gene with the risk and clinical characteristics of RA and SLE in the Iranian population. METHOD In this case-control study, 115 patients with RA, 115 patients with SLE, and 115 unrelated healthy subjects were enrolled to estimate rs6889239 genotypes with real-time PCR high resolution melting (HRM) method. RESULTS Our results demonstrated considerable associations between CC genotype and C allele of rs6889239 with augmented risk of SLE (OR for CC genotype= 2.23; 95%CI [1.175-4.307], OR for C allele= 1.84; 95%CI [1.254-2.720]). However, there was an insignificant association between genotypes and allele frequencies of rs6889239 with the occurrence risk of RA in the population under study (p > 0.05). Additionally, stratification analysis specified that the C allele in rs6889239 was linked with the incidence of renal involvement in SLE patients and lower age of onset in the RA group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings propose a significant association between TNIP1 polymorphism and higher risk of SLE and some clinical characteristics of RA and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, 394237Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mostafa Saghi
- School of Medicine, 162996AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 48462Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare Rafie
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, 48539Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Taiebe Kenarangi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Statistics, 48533University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bahram Pakzad
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, 108867Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ghorashi
- Department of Medical Genetics, 154203Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Milad Gholami
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, 48412Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohsen Soosanabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, 154203Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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219
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von Ehr A, Bode C, Hilgendorf I. Macrophages in Atheromatous Plaque Developmental Stages. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:865367. [PMID: 35548412 PMCID: PMC9081876 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.865367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathomechanism leading to cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction or stroke. There is consensus that atherosclerosis is not only a metabolic disorder but rather a chronic inflammatory disease influenced by various immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Macrophages constitute the largest population of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic lesions. They play a critical role in all stages of atherogenesis. The heterogenous macrophage population can be subdivided on the basis of their origins into resident, yolk sac and fetal liver monocyte-derived macrophages and postnatal monocyte-derived, recruited macrophages. Recent transcriptomic analyses revealed that the major macrophage populations in atherosclerosis include resident, inflammatory and foamy macrophages, representing a more functional classification. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the trafficking, fate, and functional aspects of the different macrophage populations in the "life cycle" of an atheromatous plaque. Understanding the chronic inflammatory state in atherosclerotic lesions is an important basis for developing new therapeutic approaches to abolish lesion growth and promote plaque regression in addition to general cholesterol lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Ehr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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220
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Li X, Chen S, Zhang L, Niu G, Zhang X, Yang L, Ji W, Ren L. Coinfection of Porcine Circovirus 2 and Pseudorabies Virus Enhances Immunosuppression and Inflammation through NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NLRP3 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084469. [PMID: 35457287 PMCID: PMC9029761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are economically important pathogens in swine. PCV2 and PRV coinfection can cause more severe neurological and respiratory symptoms and higher mortality of piglets. However, the exact mechanism involved in the coinfection of PRV and PCV2 and its pathogenesis remain unknown. Here, porcine kidney cells (PK-15) were infected with PCV2 and/or PRV, and then the activation of immune and inflammatory pathways was evaluated to clarify the influence of the coinfection on immune and inflammatory responses. We found that the coinfection of PCV2 and PRV can promote the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK), p38, and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathways, thus enhancing the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-λ1 (IFN-λ1), interferon-stimulated gene (ISG15), interleukin 6 (IL6), and interleukin 1β (IL1β). Meanwhile, PCV2 and PRV also inhibit the expression and signal transduction of IFN-β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. In addition, PCV2 and PRV infection can also weaken extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. These results indicate that the regulations of cellular antiviral immune responses and inflammatory responses mediated by NF-κB, JAK/STAT, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NLRP3 pathways, contribute to immune escape of PCV2 and PRV and host antiviral responses.
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221
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Lecerf K, Koboldt DC, Kuehn HS, Jayaraman V, Lee K, Mihalic Mosher T, Yonkof JR, Mori M, Hickey SE, Franklin S, Drew J, Akoghlanian S, Sivaraman V, Rosenzweig SD, Wilson RK, Abraham RS. Case report and review of the literature: immune dysregulation in a large familial cohort due to a novel pathogenic RELA variant. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:347-359. [PMID: 35412596 PMCID: PMC9960492 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and define the molecular cause(s) of a multi-generational kindred affected by Bechet's-like mucocutaneous ulcerations and immune dysregulation. METHODS Whole genome sequencing and confirmatory Sanger sequencing were performed. Components of the NFκB pathway were quantified by immunoblotting, and function was assessed by cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Detailed immunophenotyping of T-cell and B-cell subsets was performed in four patients from this cohort. RESULTS A novel variant in the RELA gene, p. Tyr349LeufsTer13, was identified. This variant results in premature truncation of the protein before the serine (S) 536 residue, a key phosphorylation site, resulting in enhanced degradation of the p65 protein. Immunoblotting revealed significantly decreased phosphorylated [p]p65 and pIκBα. The decrease in [p]p65 may suggest reduced heterodimer formation between p50/p65 (NFκB1/RelA). Immunophenotyping revealed decreased naïve T cells, increased memory T cells, and expanded senescent T-cell populations in one patient (P1). P1 also had substantially higher IL-6 and TNF-α levels post-stimulation compared with the other three patients. CONCLUSION Family members with this novel RELA variant have a clinical phenotype similar to other reported RELA cases with predominant chronic mucocutaneous ulceration; however, the clinical phenotype broadens to include Behçet's syndrome and IBD. Here we describe the clinical, immunological and genetic evaluation of a large kindred to further expand identification of patients with autosomal dominant RELA deficiency, facilitating earlier diagnosis and intervention. The functional impairment of the canonical NFκB pathway suggests that this variant is causal for the clinical phenotype in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Lecerf
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vijayakumar Jayaraman
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristy Lee
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Theresa Mihalic Mosher
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA
| | | | - Mari Mori
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine
| | | | - Samuel Franklin
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Joanne Drew
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Vidya Sivaraman
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Correspondence to: Roshini S. Abraham, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH-43205, USA. E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Huo L, Wei Z, Tang Q, Sui H. Hotspots and Frontiers in Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment Research: A Scientometric and Visualization Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862585. [PMID: 35370647 PMCID: PMC8968939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods: Articles on inflammatory tumor microenvironment were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and the characteristics of the articles were analyzed by CiteSpace software. Background: The inflammatory tumor microenvironment is an essential feature of the tumor microenvironment. The way in which it promotes or inhibits tumor progression plays an important role in the outcome of a tumor treatment. This research aims to explore a scientific collaboration network, describe evolution of hotspots, and predict future trends through bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 3,534 papers published by 390 institutions in 81 countries/regions were screened, and the annual quantity has been increasing rapidly in the past decades. United States was the leading country and has the most productive institutions in this field. The research topics were mainly focused on inflammation and immunity mediated by crucial factors as well as the mechanisms of angiogenesis. Additionally, the development and application of nanoparticles is currently a novel research frontier with bright prospect. Conclusion: The present scientometric study provides an overview of inflammatory tumor microenvironment research over the previous decades using quantitative and qualitative methods, and the findings of this study can provide references for researchers focusing on tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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223
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Wang M, Pang X, Lu H, Wang X. Clinical role of serum histone deacetylase 4 measurement in acute ischemic stroke: Relation to disease risk, severity, and prognosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24372. [PMID: 35353946 PMCID: PMC9102630 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is engaged in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) through modulating atherosclerosis, inflammation and neurocyte death. This study aimed to investigate the clinical role of HDAC4 in AIS. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 176 AIS patients and 80 controls for HDAC4 detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In AIS patients, disease severity was assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and their recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were detected by ELISA. RESULTS HDAC4 was declined in AIS patients vs. controls (p < 0.001), it also had certain ability of distinguishing AIS patients from controls with an area under curve of 0.748 (95% confidence interval: 0.689-0.806). Among AIS patients, HDAC4 was negatively linked with NIHSS score (p < 0.001) but no other clinical features (all p > 0.05). Moreover, HDAC4 was negatively related to interleukin (IL)-17 (p = 0.010) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p = 0.001), while it was not correlated with IL-1β (p = 0.081) or IL-6 (p = 0.074). Furthermore, HDAC4 was negatively associated with intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (p < 0.001) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (p = 0.003). During a median follow-up of 19.0 months, 17 (9.7%) patients had recurrence and 10 (5.7%) patients died. Additionally, high HDAC4 was linked with prolonged RFS (p = 0.044) but not OS (p = 0.079). CONCLUSION HDAC4 possesses the potential to monitor disease risk, inflammation and estimate recurrence of AIS, while further study with larger scale is needed to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Neurology Department 3, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - XuYang Pang
- Neurology Department 3, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Huaihai Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Neurology Department 3, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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Bąska P, Norbury LJ. The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in the Immune Response against Parasites. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030310. [PMID: 35335634 PMCID: PMC8950322 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system consists of various cells, organs, and processes that interact in a sophisticated manner to defend against pathogens. Upon initial exposure to an invader, nonspecific mechanisms are raised through the activation of macrophages, monocytes, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, innate lymphoid cells, or natural killer cells. During the course of an infection, more specific responses develop (adaptive immune responses) whose hallmarks include the expansion of B and T cells that specifically recognize foreign antigens. Cell to cell communication takes place through physical interactions as well as through the release of mediators (cytokines, chemokines) that modify cell activity and control and regulate the immune response. One regulator of cell states is the transcription factor Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) which mediates responses to various stimuli and is involved in a variety of processes (cell cycle, development, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, innate and adaptive immune responses). It consists of two protein classes with NF-κB1 (p105/50) and NF-κB2 (p100/52) belonging to class I, and RelA (p65), RelB and c-Rel belonging to class II. The active transcription factor consists of a dimer, usually comprised of both class I and class II proteins conjugated to Inhibitor of κB (IκB). Through various stimuli, IκB is phosphorylated and detached, allowing dimer migration to the nucleus and binding of DNA. NF-κB is crucial in regulating the immune response and maintaining a balance between suppression, effective response, and immunopathologies. Parasites are a diverse group of organisms comprised of three major groups: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. Each group induces distinct effector immune mechanisms and is susceptible to different types of immune responses (Th1, Th2, Th17). This review describes the role of NF-κB and its activity during parasite infections and its contribution to inducing protective responses or immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bąska
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Luke J. Norbury
- Department of Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
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de Sire A, Marotta N, Ferrillo M, Agostini F, Sconza C, Lippi L, Respizzi S, Giudice A, Invernizzi M, Ammendolia A. Oxygen-Ozone Therapy for Reducing Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Serum Levels in Musculoskeletal and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052528. [PMID: 35269681 PMCID: PMC8910188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the application of oxygen-ozone (O2O3) therapy has significantly increased in the common clinical practice in several pathological conditions. However, beyond the favorable clinical effects, the biochemical effects of O2O3 are still far from being understood. This comprehensive review aimed at investigating the state of the art about the effects of O2O3 therapy on pro-inflammatory cytokines serum levels as a modulator of oxidative stress in patients with musculoskeletal and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The efficacy of O2O3 therapy could be related to the moderate oxidative stress modulation produced by the interaction of ozone with biological components. More in detail, O2O3 therapy is widely used as an adjuvant therapeutic option in several pathological conditions characterized by chronic inflammatory processes and immune overactivation. In this context, most musculoskeletal and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) share these two pathophysiological processes. Despite the paucity of in vivo studies, this comprehensive review suggests that O2O3 therapy might reduce serum levels of interleukin 6 in patients with TMD, low back pain, knee osteoarthritis and rheumatic diseases with a concrete and measurable interaction with the inflammatory pathway. However, to date, further studies are needed to clarify the effects of this promising therapy on inflammatory mediators and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961712819
| | - Nicola Marotta
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Martina Ferrillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Agostini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristiano Sconza
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (C.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Stefano Respizzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (C.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.L.); (M.I.)
- Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Antonio Ammendolia
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.M.); (A.A.)
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Rahimmanesh I, Shariati L, Dana N, Esmaeili Y, Vaseghi G, Haghjooy Javanmard S. Cancer Occurrence as the Upcoming Complications of COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:813175. [PMID: 35155571 PMCID: PMC8831861 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.813175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that patients with comorbidities including cancer had a higher risk of mortality or developing more severe forms of COVID-19. The interaction of cancer and COVID-19 is unrecognized and potential long-term effects of COVID-19 on cancer outcome remain to be explored. Furthermore, whether COVID-19 increases the risk of cancer in those without previous history of malignancies, has not yet been studied. Cancer progression, recurrence and metastasis depend on the complex interaction between the tumor and the host inflammatory response. Extreme proinflammatory cytokine release (cytokine storm) and multi-organ failure are hallmarks of severe COVID-19. Besides impaired T-Cell response, elevated levels of cytokines, growth factors and also chemokines in the plasma of patients in the acute phase of COVID-19 as well as tissue damage and chronic low-grade inflammation in "long COVID-19" syndrome may facilitate cancer progression and recurrence. Following a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, some counterbalancing compensatory anti-inflammatory mechanisms will be activated to restore immune homeostasis. On the other hand, there remains the possibility of the integration of SARS- CoV-2 into the host genome, which potentially may cause cancer. These mechanisms have also been shown to be implicated in both tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we are going to focus on potential mechanisms and the molecular interplay, which connect COVID-19, inflammation, and immune-mediated tumor progression that may propose a framework to understand the possible role of COVID-19 infection in tumorgenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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227
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Zeng J, Bao T, Yang K, Zhu X, Wang S, Xiang W, Ge A, Zeng L, Ge J. The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1047550. [PMID: 36818470 PMCID: PMC9933144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1047550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the early proinflammatory response resulting from the overactivation of resident microglia and the infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages in the brain after cerebral ischemia leads to secondary brain injury. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain that constantly monitor the brain microenvironment under normal conditions. Once ischemia occurs, microglia are activated to produce dual effects of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and the balance of the two effects determines the fate of damaged neurons. The activation of microglia is defined as the classical activation (M1 type) or alternative activation (M2 type). M1 type microglia secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators to exacerbate neuronal damage, while M2 type microglia promote a repairing anti-inflammatory response. Fine regulation of M1/M2 microglial activation to minimize damage and maximize protection has important therapeutic value. This review focuses on the interaction between M1/M2 microglia and other immune cells involved in the regulation of IS phenotypic characteristics, and the mechanism of natural plant components regulating microglia after IS, providing novel candidate drugs for regulating microglial balance and IS drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | | | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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228
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Pan Y, Wang T, Zhao Z, Wei W, Yang X, Wang X, Xin W. Novel Insights into the Emerging Role of Neat1 and Its Effects Downstream in the Regulation of Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:557-571. [PMID: 35115805 PMCID: PMC8802408 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s338162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heji Hospital affiliated Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianbin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, People’s Republic of China
- Xianbin Wang, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wenqiang Xin, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86–18526201182, Fax +86–2260362062, Email
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229
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Clinton M, Król E, Sepúlveda D, Andersen NR, Brierley AS, Ferrier DEK, Hansen PJ, Lorenzen N, Martin SAM. Gill Transcriptomic Responses to Toxin-producing Alga Prymnesium parvum in Rainbow Trout. Front Immunol 2021; 12:794593. [PMID: 34956228 PMCID: PMC8693183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes, including protection of the mucosal gill surface against pathogens and other environmental antigens by the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). Climate change associated phenomena, such as increasing frequency and magnitude of harmful algal blooms (HABs) put extra strain on gill function, contributing to enhanced fish mortality and fish kills. However, the molecular basis of the HAB-induced gill injury remains largely unknown due to the lack of high-throughput transcriptomic studies performed on teleost fish in laboratory conditions. We used juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to investigate the transcriptomic responses of the gill tissue to two (high and low) sublethal densities of the toxin-producing alga Prymnesium parvum, in relation to non-exposed control fish. The exposure time to P. parvum (4–5 h) was sufficient to identify three different phenotypic responses among the exposed fish, enabling us to focus on the common gill transcriptomic responses to P. parvum that were independent of dose and phenotype. The inspection of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), canonical pathways, upstream regulators and downstream effects pointed towards P. parvum-induced inflammatory response and gill inflammation driven by alterations of Acute Phase Response Signalling, IL-6 Signalling, IL-10 Signalling, Role of PKR in Interferon Induction and Antiviral Response, IL-8 Signalling and IL-17 Signalling pathways. While we could not determine if the inferred gill inflammation was progressing or resolving, our study clearly suggests that P. parvum blooms may contribute to the serious gill disorders in fish. By providing insights into the gill transcriptomic responses to toxin-producing P. parvum in teleost fish, our research opens new avenues for investigating how to monitor and mitigate toxicity of HABs before they become lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Clinton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Elżbieta Król
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Dagoberto Sepúlveda
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew S Brierley
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - David E K Ferrier
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Per Juel Hansen
- Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Niels Lorenzen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Prognostic Biomarkers in Uveal Melanoma: The Status Quo, Recent Advances and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010096. [PMID: 35008260 PMCID: PMC8749988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although rare, uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cancer that develops inside adult eyes. The prognosis is poor, since 50% of patients will develop lethal metastases in the first decade, especially to the liver. Once metastases are detected, life expectancy is limited, given that the available treatments are mostly unsuccessful. Thus, there is a need to find methods that can accurately predict UM prognosis and also effective therapeutic strategies to treat this cancer. In this manuscript, we initially compile the current knowledge on epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular features of UM. Then, we cover the most relevant prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of UM patients. Afterwards, we highlight emerging molecular markers in UM published over the last three years. Finally, we discuss the problems preventing meaningful advances in the treatment and prognostication of UM patients, as well as forecast new roadblocks and paths of UM-related research. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common malignant intraocular tumour in the adult population. It is a rare cancer with an incidence of nearly five cases per million inhabitants per year, which develops from the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes in the choroid (≈90%), ciliary body (≈6%) or iris (≈4%). Patients initially present either with symptoms like blurred vision or photopsia, or without symptoms, with the tumour being detected in routine eye exams. Over the course of the disease, metastases, which are initially dormant, develop in nearly 50% of patients, preferentially in the liver. Despite decades of intensive research, the only approach proven to mildly control disease spread are early treatments directed to ablate liver metastases, such as surgical excision or chemoembolization. However, most patients have a limited life expectancy once metastases are detected, since there are limited therapeutic approaches for the metastatic disease, including immunotherapy, which unlike in cutaneous melanoma, has been mostly ineffective for UM patients. Therefore, in order to offer the best care possible to these patients, there is an urgent need to find robust models that can accurately predict the prognosis of UM, as well as therapeutic strategies that effectively block and/or limit the spread of the metastatic disease. Here, we initially summarized the current knowledge about UM by compiling the most relevant epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular data. Then, we revisited the most important prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of primary UM cases. Afterwards, we addressed emerging prognostic biomarkers in UM, by comprehensively reviewing gene signatures, immunohistochemistry-based markers and proteomic markers resulting from research studies conducted over the past three years. Finally, we discussed the current hurdles in the field and anticipated the future challenges and novel avenues of research in UM.
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231
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Zhang T, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:618-653. [PMID: 34977871 PMCID: PMC8706767 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism of NF-κB for 35 years, which lead to significant progress. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms regulating NF-κB activation have also been illuminated, the cascades of signaling events leading to NF-κB activity and key components of the NF-κB pathway are also identified. It has been suggested NF-κB plays an important role in human diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases. These studies make the NF-κB an attractive target for disease treatment. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the family members of NF-κB, as well as the basic mechanisms of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. We will also review the effects of dysregulated NF-κB on inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tumor microenvironment. The progression of the translational study and drug development targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment and the potential obstacles will be discussed. Further investigations on the precise functions of NF-κB in the physiological and pathological settings and underlying mechanisms are in the urgent need to develop drugs targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment, with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chao Ma
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science CenterHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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232
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Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Artemisia and Their Biological Significance: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226995. [PMID: 34834086 PMCID: PMC8618776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse medicinal plants such as those from the genus Artemisia have been employed globally for centuries by individuals belonging to different cultures. Universally, Artemisia species have been used to remedy various maladies that range from simple fevers to malaria. A survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) demonstrated that 80% of the global population is highly reliant on herbal medicine for their primary healthcare. WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) for the treatment of global diseases such as malaria. Artemisinin is a bioactive compound derived from Artemisia annua leaves. It is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide with potent antimalarial properties. This review strives to instill natural products to chemists and others in diverse fields with a heterogeneous set of knowledge compiled from multifaceted researchers and organizations in literature. In particular, the various Artemisia species and effective extraction, isolation, and characterization methodologies are discussed in detail. An in-depth investigation into the literature reveals that divergent species of Artemisia exhibit a vast array of biological activities such as antimalarial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. There is substantial potential for bioactive compounds from Artemisia to provide significant relief from differing human ailments, but more meticulous research in this field is needed.
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233
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Xu H, Liu S, Wang Y, Wu R, Yi T, Wang T, Zhu Y, Fang J, Xie Y, Zhao Q, Song X, Chen J, Rajagopaplan S, Brook RD, Li J, Cao J, Huang W. The mediating role of vascular inflammation in traffic-related air pollution associated changes in insulin resistance in healthy adults. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 239:113878. [PMID: 34757311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The precise pathophysiologic pathway linking traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) to diabetes mellitus is not well elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether activation of vascular inflammation can be a mechanistic linkage between ambient TRAP and insulin resistance. METHODS Study outcomes were determined by assessing a series of circulating biomarkers indicative of insulin resistance and vascular inflammation among 73 healthy adults who underwent repeated clinical visits in Beijing, China, 2014-2016. Concomitantly, concentrations of ambient TRAP indices, including particulate matter in diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), particles in size fractions of 5-560 nm, black carbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen, were continuously monitored. RESULTS Participants experienced extremely high levels of TRAP exposures, with mean (standard deviation) PM2.5 concentrations of 91.8 (48.3) μg/m3, throughout the study. We found that interquartile range increases in exposure to moving average concentrations of various TRAP indices at prior up to 7 days were associated with significant elevations of 8.9-49.6% in insulin levels. Higher pollutant levels were also related to worsening metrics of insulin resistance (soluble insulin receptor ectodomain, adipokines, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and heightened vascular inflammatory responses, particularly disruptions of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin system balance and elevations of monocyte/macrophage and T cell activation markers. Mediation analyses showed that activation of vascular inflammation could explain up to 66% of the alterations in metrics of insulin resistance attributable to air pollution. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ambient traffic pollution exposure was capable of promoting insulin resistance possibly via generating vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shengcong Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Hospital of Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tieci Yi
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rajagopaplan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, And Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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