201
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Pfeiler S, Thakur M, Grünauer P, Megens RTA, Joshi U, Coletti R, Samara V, Müller-Stoy G, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Stark K, Klingl A, Fröhlich T, Arnold GJ, Wörmann S, Bruns CJ, Algül H, Weber C, Massberg S, Engelmann B. CD36‐triggered cell invasion and persistent tissue colonization by tumor microvesicles during metastasis. FASEB J 2018; 33:1860-1872. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800985r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Pfeiler
- Institut für LaboratoriumsmedizinKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Manovriti Thakur
- Institut für LaboratoriumsmedizinKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Petra Grünauer
- Institut für LaboratoriumsmedizinKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Remco T. A. Megens
- Prophylaxe der KreislaufkrankheitenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute MaastrichtMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Urjita Joshi
- Institut für LaboratoriumsmedizinKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Raffaele Coletti
- Medizinische Klinik ILudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Verena Samara
- Institut für LaboratoriumsmedizinKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Geraldine Müller-Stoy
- Institut für LaboratoriumsmedizinKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | | | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik ILudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Biologie I–BotanikLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Sonja Wörmann
- Institut für LaboratoriumsmedizinKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | | | - Hana Algül
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin IITechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Christian Weber
- Prophylaxe der KreislaufkrankheitenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute MaastrichtMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik ILudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Bernd Engelmann
- Institut für LaboratoriumsmedizinKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunichGermany
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202
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Pick H, Alves AC, Vogel H. Single-Vesicle Assays Using Liposomes and Cell-Derived Vesicles: From Modeling Complex Membrane Processes to Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8598-8654. [PMID: 30153012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is of central importance for defining the closed volume of cells in contradistinction to the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane not only serves as a boundary, but it also mediates the exchange of physical and chemical information between the cell and its environment in order to maintain intra- and intercellular functions. Artificial lipid- and cell-derived membrane vesicles have been used as closed-volume containers, representing the simplest cell model systems to study transmembrane processes and intracellular biochemistry. Classical examples are studies of membrane translocation processes in plasma membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes mediated by transport proteins and ion channels. Liposomes and native membrane vesicles are widely used as model membranes for investigating the binding and bilayer insertion of proteins, the structure and function of membrane proteins, the intramembrane composition and distribution of lipids and proteins, and the intermembrane interactions during exo- and endocytosis. In addition, natural cell-released microvesicles have gained importance for early detection of diseases and for their use as nanoreactors and minimal protocells. Yet, in most studies, ensembles of vesicles have been employed. More recently, new micro- and nanotechnological tools as well as novel developments in both optical and electron microscopy have allowed the isolation and investigation of individual (sub)micrometer-sized vesicles. Such single-vesicle experiments have revealed large heterogeneities in the structure and function of membrane components of single vesicles, which were hidden in ensemble studies. These results have opened enormous possibilities for bioanalysis and biotechnological applications involving unprecedented miniaturization at the nanometer and attoliter range. This review will cover important developments toward single-vesicle analysis and the central discoveries made in this exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Pick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Ana Catarina Alves
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Horst Vogel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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203
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Westphal T, Gampenrieder SP, Rinnerthaler G, Greil R. Cure in metastatic breast cancer. MEMO 2018; 11:172-179. [PMID: 30220923 PMCID: PMC6132799 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-018-0426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligometastatic disease characterizes a distinct subgroup of metastatic breast cancer patients that might benefit from different treatment strategies to achieve long-lasting remission and potentially cure. Those long-lasting remissions are reported after locoregional treatment of the primary tumor and all metastatic sites in several case series; however, unlike other tumor entities, prospective data are lacking. Furthermore, tumor eradication by excellent systemic anticancer therapy with novel chemotherapies and targeted agents can lead to long-term survival. In addition, reactivation of the host immune defense by immuno-oncologic drugs can achieve long-lasting tumor control. So far, unfortunately, checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy have led to responses only in a small percentage of patients with metastatic breast cancer. This short review summarizes available data on long-lasting remissions and potential cure in metastatic breast cancers. It describes and discusses data on locoregional treatment, chemo-, antibody- and immunotherapy and tries to select individual patients for whom a multidisciplinary treatment approach with curative intention might be an option to achieve long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Westphal
- IIIrd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute with Laboratory of Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials, Salzburg, Austria
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Medikamentöse Tumortherapie (AGMT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Peter Gampenrieder
- IIIrd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute with Laboratory of Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials, Salzburg, Austria
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Medikamentöse Tumortherapie (AGMT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Rinnerthaler
- IIIrd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute with Laboratory of Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials, Salzburg, Austria
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Medikamentöse Tumortherapie (AGMT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- IIIrd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute with Laboratory of Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Medikamentöse Tumortherapie (AGMT), Vienna, Austria
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204
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A fires novel report of exosomal electrochemical sensor for sensing micro RNAs by using multi covalent attachment p19 with high sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 113:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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205
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Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Kurth T, Corbeil D, Lorico A. VAMP-associated protein-A and oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 promote the entry of late endosomes into the nucleoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13834-13848. [PMID: 30018135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocytic pathway plays an instrumental role in recycling internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane or in directing them to lysosomes for degradation. We recently reported a new role of endosomes-the delivery of components from extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. Using indirect immunofluorescence, FRET, immunoisolation techniques, and RNAi, we report here a tripartite protein complex (referred to as the VOR complex) that is essential for the nuclear transfer of EV-derived components by orchestrating the specific localization of late endosomes into nucleoplasmic reticulum. We found that the VOR complex contains the endoplasmic reticulum-localized vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein A (VAP-A), the cytoplasmic oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 (ORP3), and late endosome-associated small GTPase Rab7. The silencing of VAP-A or ORP3 abrogated the association of Rab7-positive late endosomes with nuclear envelope invaginations and, hence, the transport of endocytosed EV-derived components to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. We conclude that the VOR complex can be targeted to inhibit EV-mediated intercellular communication, which can have therapeutic potential for managing cancer in which the release of EVs is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Santos
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135
| | - Germana Rappa
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135
| | | | - Thomas Kurth
- the Biotechnology Center and.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Denis Corbeil
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135, .,the Biotechnology Center and.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135, .,the Mediterranean Institute of Oncology Foundation, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
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206
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Srivastava A, Moxley K, Ruskin R, Dhanasekaran DN, Zhao YD, Ramesh R. A Non-invasive Liquid Biopsy Screening of Urine-Derived Exosomes for miRNAs as Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer Patients. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:82. [PMID: 29987691 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have great potential to serve as a source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer (EC). Urine-derived exosomes from patients with EC and patients with symptoms of EC, but without established EC, were used to evaluate a unique miRNA expression profile. Of the 84 miRNA studied, 57 were amplified in qPCR, suggesting the differential packaging of miRNA in exosomes. Further, hsa-miR-200c-3p was identified to be enriched the most. Various bioinformatics and in silico tools were used to evaluate the biological significance of hsa-miR-200c-3p in EC. We conclude that differential miRNA in exosomes can be utilized for discovery of biomarker signatures and EC diagnosis; hsa-miR-200c-3p is one such candidate. Urine-derived exosomes pave the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Katherine Moxley
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Gynecology Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rachel Ruskin
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Gynecology Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Danny Natarajan Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yan Daniel Zhao
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, Suite 1403, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.
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207
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Sanz-Rubio D, Martin-Burriel I, Gil A, Cubero P, Forner M, Khalyfa A, Marin JM. Stability of Circulating Exosomal miRNAs in Healthy Subjects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10306. [PMID: 29985466 PMCID: PMC6037782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-vesicles present in the circulation that are involved in cell-to-cell communication and regulation of different biological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are part of their cargo and are potential biomarkers. Methods of exosome isolation and the inter-individual and intra-individual variations in circulating miRNA exosomal cargo have been poorly investigated. This study aims for comparing two exosome isolation methods and to assess the stability of eleven plasma exosomal miRNAs over time. In addition to evaluate miRNA variability of both kits, the effect of freezing plasma before exosome isolation or freezing isolated exosomes on miRNA stability was also evaluated. MiRNA levels were tested in 7 healthy subjects who underwent four different blood extractions obtained in 4 consecutive weeks. One of the isolation kits displayed generally better amplification signals, and miRNAs from exosomes isolated after freezing the plasma had the highest levels. Intra-subject and inter-subject coefficients of variance were lower for the same isolation kit after freezing plasma. Finally, miRNAs that showed an acceptable expression level were stable across the consecutive extractions. This study shows for the first time the stability over time of miRNAs isolated from circulating plasma exosomes, establishing a key step in the use of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanz-Rubio
- Translational Respiratory Research Unit, IISAragon & CIBERES, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Gil
- Translational Respiratory Research Unit, IISAragon & CIBERES, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Cubero
- Translational Respiratory Research Unit, IISAragon & CIBERES, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Forner
- Translational Respiratory Research Unit, IISAragon & CIBERES, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose M Marin
- Translational Respiratory Research Unit, IISAragon & CIBERES, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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208
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Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9070340. [PMID: 30424273 PMCID: PMC6082266 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies are easier to acquire patient derived samples than conventional tissue biopsies, and their use enables real-time monitoring of the disease through continuous sampling after initial diagnosis, resulting in a paradigm shift to customized treatment according to the patient’s prognosis. Among the various liquid biopsy samples, saliva is easily obtained by spitting or swab sucking without needing an expert for sample collection. In addition, it is known that disease related biomarkers that exist in the blood and have undergone extensive research exist in saliva even at a lower concentration than the blood. Thus, interest in the use of saliva as a liquid biopsy has increased. In this review, we focused on the salivary exosome and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) among the various biomarkers in saliva. Since the exosome and cfDNA in saliva are present at lower concentrations than the biomarkers in blood, it is important to separate and concentrate them before conducting down-stream analyses such as exosome cargo analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sequencing. However, saliva is difficult to apply directly to microfluidics-based systems for separation because of its high viscosity and the presence of various foreign substances. Therefore, we reviewed the microfluidics-based saliva pretreatment method and then compared the commercially available kit and the microfluidic chip for isolation and enrichment of the exosome and cfDNA in saliva.
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209
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Kilic T, Valinhas ATDS, Wall I, Renaud P, Carrara S. Label-free detection of hypoxia-induced extracellular vesicle secretion from MCF-7 cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9402. [PMID: 29925885 PMCID: PMC6010476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes (50-150 nm membrane particles) have emerged as promising cancer biomarkers due to the carried genetic information about the parental cells. However the sensitive detection of these vesicles remains a challenge. Here we present a label-free electrochemical sensor to measure the EVs secretion levels of hypoxic and normoxic MCF-7 cells. The sensor design includes two consecutive steps; i) Au electrode surface functionalization for anti-CD81 Antibody and ii) EVs capture. The label-free detection of EVs was done via Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The working linear range for the sensor was 102-109 EVs/ml with an LOD 77 EVs/mL and 379 EVs/ml for EIS and DPV based detection. A blood-abundant protein, RhD was used for the selectivity test. In order to assess the performance of the biosensor, the level of EVs secretion by the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line was compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). Designed label-free electrochemical sensors utilized for quantification of EVs secretion enhancement due to CoCl2-induced hypoxia and 1.23 fold increase with respect to normoxic conditions was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Kilic
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, EPFL, Integrated Systems Laboratory (LSI), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, EPFL, Microsystems Laboratory 4 (LMIS4), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Teresa De Sousa Valinhas
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, EPFL, Integrated Systems Laboratory (LSI), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, EPFL, Microsystems Laboratory 4 (LMIS4), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH, London, England
| | - Ivan Wall
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH, London, England
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, EPFL, Microsystems Laboratory 4 (LMIS4), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Carrara
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, EPFL, Integrated Systems Laboratory (LSI), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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210
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Ko J, Bhagwat N, Black T, Yee SS, Na YJ, Fisher S, Kim J, Carpenter EL, Stanger BZ, Issadore D. miRNA Profiling of Magnetic Nanopore-Isolated Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3688-3697. [PMID: 29735554 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improved diagnostics for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to detect the disease at earlier, curative stages and to guide treatments is crucial to progress against this disease. The development of a liquid biopsy for PDAC has proven challenging due to the sparsity and variable phenotypic expression of circulating biomarkers. Here we report methods we developed for isolating specific subsets of extracellular vesicles (EV) from plasma using a novel magnetic nanopore capture technique. In addition, we present a workflow for identifying EV miRNA biomarkers using RNA sequencing and machine-learning algorithms, which we used in combination to classify distinct cancer states. Applying this approach to a mouse model of PDAC, we identified a biomarker panel of 11 EV miRNAs that could distinguish mice with PDAC from either healthy mice or those with precancerous lesions in a training set of n = 27 mice and a user-blinded validation set of n = 57 mice (88% accuracy in a three-way classification). These results provide strong proof-of-concept support for the feasibility of using EV miRNA profiling and machine learning for liquid biopsy.Significance: These findings present a panel of extracellular vesicle miRNA blood-based biomarkers that can detect pancreatic cancer at a precancerous stage in a transgenic mouse model. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3688-97. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neha Bhagwat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taylor Black
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Young-Ji Na
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stephen Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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211
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Abstract
AbstractBackground:Exosomes are small vesicles of sizes between 40 and 100 nm. They are actively segregated by numerous different cell types and they can be found in almost all body fluids. Thus, there is an emerging role of exosomes and exosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (exoDNA) in biomedical research, especially in molecular medicine. Exosomes are assembled and segregated actively and carry distinct surface markers for cellular communication. They are loaded with cargo such as DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. As there are numerous different exosomal purification methods available, it is of essential need to select an appropriate technique to get reliable results. As neuropathology is faced with the challenge that brain tissue is not accessible in an easy fashion, exosomes represent an ideal tool for molecular neuropathology. Thus, disease-specific molecular alterations will be detectable in a minimally invasive way for early disease diagnosis and surveillance.Summary:The analysis of exoDNA as biomarkers in neuropathology will enable early diagnosis, monitoring and relapse detection of brain tumors and neuropsychiatric disorders.Outlook:It is assumed that the significance of exosomes will increase in the upcoming years. There are powerful approaches in development using exosomes in molecularly targeted therapy to ultimately cure devastating brain diseases.
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212
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Alipoor SD, Mortaz E, Varahram M, Movassaghi M, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Adcock IM. The Potential Biomarkers and Immunological Effects of Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:819. [PMID: 29720982 PMCID: PMC5915468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite considerable achievements in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, the global control of the disease remains problematic. In this respect, greater understanding of the disease pathology is crucially needed for earlier diagnosis and more successful treatment to be achieved. Exosomes are nano-sized particles secreted from most cells, which allow cross talk between cells and their surrounding environment via transferring their cargo. Tumor cells, just like normal cells, also secrete exosomes that are termed Tumor-Derived Exosome or tumor-derived exosome (TEX). TEXs have gained attention for their immuno-modulatory activities, which strongly affect the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immune responses. The immunological activity of TEX influences both the innate and adaptive immune systems including natural killer cell activity and regulatory T-cell maturation as well as numerous anti-inflammatory responses. In the context of lung cancer, TEXs have been studied in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis and progression. As such, TEX has the potential to act both as a biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis as well as the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D Alipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Movassaghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, Imperial College London, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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213
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Alfonsi R, Grassi L, Signore M, Bonci D. The Double Face of Exosome-Carried MicroRNAs in Cancer Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041183. [PMID: 29652798 PMCID: PMC5979514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years many articles have underlined the key role of nanovesicles, i.e., exosomes, as information carriers among biological systems including cancer. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are key players in the dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells and the microenvironment while promote immune system control evasion. In fact, tumors are undoubtedly capable of silencing the immune response through multiple mechanisms, including the release of exosomes. TEXs have been shown to boost tumor growth and promote progression and metastatic spreading via suppression or stimulation of the immune response towards cancer cells. The advantage of immunotherapeutic treatment alone over combining immuno- and conventional therapy is currently debated. Understanding the role of tumor exosome-cargo is of crucial importance for our full comprehension of neoplastic immonosuppression and for the construction of novel therapies and vaccines based on (nano-) vesicles. Furthermore, to devise new anti-cancer approaches, diverse groups investigated the possibility of engineering TEXs by conditioning cancer cells’ own cargo. In this review, we summarize the state of art of TEX-based immunomodulation with a particular focus on the molecular function of non-coding family genes, microRNAs. Finally, we will report on recent efforts in the study of potential applications of engineered exosomes in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Alfonsi
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica and Policlinico Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Grassi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "La Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilties, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy.
| | - Désirée Bonci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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Malla RR, Pandrangi S, Kumari S, Gavara MM, Badana AK. Exosomal tetraspanins as regulators of cancer progression and metastasis and novel diagnostic markers. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 14:383-391. [PMID: 29575602 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-cell communicators emerging as a new paradigm for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of treatment response. Exosomal tetraspanin proteins like CD63, CD9 and CD81 play a critical role in sorting, selective recruitment of biomolecules, target selection, cell-specific entry, capturing, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. These tetraspanins are being used as markers for oral, colorectal and colon cancers and glioblastoma. However, exosomal markers with robust specificity for early detection of carcinomas are the furthest along. EXO CARTA database shows the presence of CD151 in exosomes of colorectal, melanoma, ovarian and prostate cancers. CD151 preferentially targets exosomes to lung, lymph node and stroma cells. The present review discussed the possible role of tetraspanins in the formation, cargo selection, target selection and uptake of exosomes and suggests exciting new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Santhi Pandrangi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Murali Mohan Gavara
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Anil Kumar Badana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
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Hesari A, Golrokh Moghadam SA, Siasi A, Rahmani M, Behboodi N, Rastgar-Moghadam A, Ferns GA, Ghasemi F, Avan A. Tumor-derived exosomes: Potential biomarker or therapeutic target in breast cancer? J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4236-4240. [PMID: 28833502 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are released by normal and tumour cells, including those involved in breast cancer, and provide a means of intercellular communications. Exosomes with diameters ranging between 30-150 nm are involved in transferring biological information, via various lipids, proteins, different forms of RNAs, and DNA from one cell to another, and this can result in reprogramming of recipient cell functions. These vesicles are present in all body fluids, for example, blood plasma/serum, semen, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, and urine. It has been recently reported that these particles are involved in the development and progression of different tumor types, including breast cancer. Furthermore, it has been suggested that exosomes have the potential to be used as drug transporters, or as biomarkers. This review highlights the potential roles of exosomes in normal and breast cancer cells and their potential applications as biomarkers with special focus on their potential applications in treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirReza Hesari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - AmirShayan Siasi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rahmani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Behboodi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ramroop JR, Stein MN, Drake JM. Impact of Phosphoproteomics in the Era of Precision Medicine for Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:28. [PMID: 29503809 PMCID: PMC5820335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in the United States. While androgen deprivation therapy results in tumor responses initially, there is relapse and progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Currently, all prostate cancer patients receive essentially the same treatment, and there is a need for clinically applicable technologies to provide predictive biomarkers toward personalized therapies. Genomic analyses of tumors are used for clinical applications, but with a paucity of obvious driver mutations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, other applications, such as phosphoproteomics, may complement this approach. Immunohistochemistry and reverse phase protein arrays are limited by the availability of reliable antibodies and evaluates a preselected number of targets. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics has been used to profile tumors consisting of thousands of phosphopeptides from individual patients after surgical resection or at autopsy. However, this approach is time consuming, and while a large number of candidate phosphopeptides are obtained for evaluation, limitations are reduced reproducibility, sensitivity, and precision. Targeted mass spectrometry can help eliminate these limitations and is more cost effective and less time consuming making it a practical platform for future clinical testing. In this review, we discuss the use of phosphoproteomics in prostate cancer and other clinical cancer tissues for target identification, hypothesis testing, and possible patient stratification. We highlight the majority of studies that have used phosphoproteomics in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines and propose ways forward to apply this approach in basic and clinical research. Overall, the implementation of phosphoproteomics via targeted mass spectrometry has tremendous potential to aid in the development of more rational, personalized therapies that will result in increased survival and quality of life enhancement in patients suffering from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny R. Ramroop
- Cancer Metabolism and Growth Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mark N. Stein
- Developmental Therapeutics/Phase I Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Cancer Metabolism and Growth Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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219
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Paolini L, Zendrini A, Radeghieri A. Biophysical properties of extracellular vesicles in diagnostics. Biomark Med 2018; 12:383-391. [PMID: 29441794 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles, involved in cell-to-cell communication, in both normal and pathological processes. Originating by the outward budding of the plasma membrane or released by exocytosis, they are natural cargoes for lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. EV-based diagnostics promises unique advantages compared with conventional strategies involving whole body fluid analysis, including the reduction of biofluids complexity and more specific and sensitive detection of low abundance biomacromolecules. Besides EV cargoes, new breakthrough technologies are addressing EV 'colloidal properties' - including particle content, size and membrane mechanical properties - directly experienced by researchers to be critical factors in biomarkers discovery. This article focuses on the progresses in EV biophysical properties characterization as diagnostic tools for different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Zhou Y, Xia L, Lin J, Wang H, Oyang L, Tan S, Tian Y, Su M, Wang H, Cao D, Liao Q. Exosomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:767-777. [PMID: 29581754 PMCID: PMC5868140 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized (30-100nm) membrane microvesicles secreted through a complex cellular process. Exosomes contain a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, microRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), playing an important role in the cell-to-cell substance transportation and signal transduction. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related exosomes (NPC-Exo) have been identified in circulating blood and contribute to tumor cell proliferation, angiopoiesis, and immune tolerance through remodeling of tumor microenvironment (TME). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related exosomes may also induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus promoting tumor metastasis and chemoradioresistance. Clinically, the exosomes may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review article updates the understanding of exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jingguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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Lutgendorf SK, Thaker PH, Arevalo JM, Goodheart MJ, Slavich GM, Sood AK, Cole SW. Biobehavioral modulation of the exosome transcriptome in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 2018; 124:580-586. [PMID: 29112229 PMCID: PMC5780197 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social factors in the patient macroenvironment have been shown to influence molecular events in the tumor microenvironment and thereby influence cancer progression. However, biomarkers providing a window into the longitudinal effects of biobehavioral factors on tumor biology over time are lacking. Exosome analysis is a novel strategy for in vivo monitoring of dynamic changes in tumor cells. This study examined exosomal profiles from patients with low or high levels of social support for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) polarization and gene expression related to inflammation and β-adrenergic signaling. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from plasma sampled from a series of 40 women before primary surgical resection of advanced-stage, high-grade ovarian carcinoma. Samples were selected for analysis on the basis of extremes of low and high levels of social support. After exosomal isolation and RNA extraction, a microarray analysis of the transcriptome was performed. RESULTS Primary analyses identified significant upregulation of 67 mesenchymal-characteristic gene transcripts and downregulation of 63 epithelial-characteristic transcripts in patients with low social support; this demonstrated increased EMT polarization (P = .0002). Secondary analyses using promoter sequence bioinformatics supported a priori hypotheses linking low social support to 1) increased activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) family transcription factors that mediate the β-adrenergic response to catecholamines via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway (mean fold change for CREB: 2.24 ± 0.65; P = .0019; mean fold change for ATF: 2.00 ± 0.55; P = .0049) and 2) increased activity of the proinflammatory nuclear factor κB/Rel family of transcription factors (mean fold change: 2.10 ± 0.70; P = .0109). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the possibility of leveraging exosomes as a noninvasive assessment of biobehavioral factors to help to direct personalized treatment approaches. Cancer 2018;124:580-6. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Premal H. Thaker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jesusa M. Arevalo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael J. Goodheart
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Center for RNA Interference and Noncoding RNA, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Boriachek K, Islam MN, Möller A, Salomon C, Nguyen NT, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Shiddiky MJA. Biological Functions and Current Advances in Isolation and Detection Strategies for Exosome Nanovesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702153. [PMID: 29282861 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale (≈30-150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that are shed by most types of cells and circulate in bodily fluids. Exosomes carry a specific composition of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA and can work as cargo to transfer this information to recipient cells. Recent studies on exosomes have shown that they play an important role in various biological processes, such as intercellular signaling, coagulation, inflammation, and cellular homeostasis. These functional roles are attributed to their ability to transfer RNA, proteins, enzymes, and lipids, thereby affecting the physiological and pathological conditions in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative, infectious, and autoimmune diseases (e.g., cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis). Due to these unique characteristics, exosomes are considered promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases via noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures. Over the last decade, a plethora of methodologies have been developed for analyzing disease-specific exosomes using optical and nonoptical tools. Here, the major biological functions, significance, and potential role of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutics are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of the most commonly used techniques for exosome analysis, highlighting the major technical challenges and limitations of existing techniques, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Boriachek
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW, 2519, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW, 2519, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
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Ferhan AR, Jackman JA, Park JH, Cho NJ, Kim DH. Nanoplasmonic sensors for detecting circulating cancer biomarkers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:48-77. [PMID: 29247763 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The detection of cancer biomarkers represents an important aspect of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Recently, the concept of liquid biopsy has been introduced whereby diagnosis and prognosis are performed by means of analyzing biological fluids obtained from patients to detect and quantify circulating cancer biomarkers. Unlike conventional biopsy whereby primary tumor cells are analyzed, liquid biopsy enables the detection of a wide variety of circulating cancer biomarkers, including microRNA (miRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), proteins, exosomes and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Among the various techniques that have been developed to detect circulating cancer biomarkers, nanoplasmonic sensors represent a promising measurement approach due to high sensitivity and specificity as well as ease of instrumentation and operation. In this review, we discuss the relevance and applicability of three different categories of nanoplasmonic sensing techniques, namely surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), for the detection of different classes of circulating cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahim Ferhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Rao PSS, O'Connell K, Finnerty TK. Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Drug Addiction. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6906-6913. [PMID: 29363042 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles secreted by cells and are known to carry sub-cellular components including microRNA, proteins, and lipids. Due to their ability to transport cargo between cells, EVs have been identified as important regulators of various pathophysiological conditions and can therefore influence treatment outcomes. In particular, the significance of microRNAs in EV-mediated cell-cell communication is well-documented. While the influence of EVs and the cargo delivered by EVs has been extensively reviewed in other neurological disorders, the available literature on the potential role of EVs in the pathophysiology of drug addiction has not been reviewed. Hence, in this article, the known effects of commonly abused drugs (ethanol, nicotine, opiates, cocaine, and cannabinoids) on EV secretion have been reviewed. In addition, the potential role of drugs of abuse in affecting the delivery of EV-packaged microRNAs, and the subsequent impact on neuronal health and continued drug dependence, has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S S Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, 1000 N. Main Street, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA.
| | - Kelly O'Connell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, 1000 N. Main Street, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA
| | - Thomas Kyle Finnerty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, 1000 N. Main Street, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA
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Ahmed M, Carrascosa LG, Wuethrich A, Mainwaring P, Trau M. An exosomal- and interfacial-biosensing based strategy for remote monitoring of aberrantly phosphorylated proteins in lung cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2336-2341. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate remote detection of cellular protein phosphorylation using exosomal sources and an interfacial-biosensing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostak Ahmed
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
| | - Laura G. Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
| | - Paul Mainwaring
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
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226
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Wu J, Dong M, Santos S, Rigatto C, Liu Y, Lin F. Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms for Detection of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Biomarkers. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17122934. [PMID: 29258216 PMCID: PMC5751502 DOI: 10.3390/s17122934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are two leading causes of death worldwide. CVD and cancer share risk factors such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and have common diagnostic biomarkers such as interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Thus, timely and accurate diagnosis of these two correlated diseases is of high interest to both the research and healthcare communities. Most conventional methods for CVD and cancer biomarker detection such as microwell plate-based immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction often suffer from high costs, low test speeds, and complicated procedures. Recently, lab-on-a-chip (LoC)-based platforms have been increasingly developed for CVD and cancer biomarker sensing and analysis using various molecular and cell-based diagnostic biomarkers. These new platforms not only enable better sample preparation, chemical manipulation and reaction, high-throughput and portability, but also provide attractive features such as label-free detection and improved sensitivity due to the integration of various novel detection techniques. These features effectively improve the diagnostic test speed and simplify the detection procedure. In addition, microfluidic cell assays and organ-on-chip models offer new potential approaches for CVD and cancer diagnosis. Here we provide a mini-review focusing on recent development of LoC-based methods for CVD and cancer diagnostic biomarker measurements, and our perspectives of the challenges, opportunities and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Meili Dong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Susy Santos
- Victoria General Hospital and River Heights/Fort Garry Community Areas, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2E8, Canada.
| | | | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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227
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Parsons MEM, McParland D, Szklanna PB, Guang MHZ, O'Connell K, O'Connor HD, McGuigan C, Ní Áinle F, McCann A, Maguire PB. A Protocol for Improved Precision and Increased Confidence in Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis Concentration Measurements between 50 and 120 nm in Biological Fluids. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:68. [PMID: 29164135 PMCID: PMC5675884 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) can be used to quantitate extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biological samples and is widely considered a useful diagnostic tool to detect disease. However, accurately profiling EVs can be challenging due to their small size and heterogeneity. Here, we aimed to provide a protocol to facilitate high-precision particle quantitation by NTA in plasma, the supernatant of activated purified platelets [the platelet releasate (PR)] and in serum, to increase confidence in NTA particle enumeration. The overall variance and the precision of NTA measurements were quantified by root mean square error and relative standard error. Using a bootstrapping approach, we found that increasing video replicates from 5 s × 60 s to 25 s × 60 s captures led to a reduction in overall variance and a reproducible increase in the precision of NTA particle-concentration quantitation for all three biofluids. We then validated our approach in an extended cohort of 32 healthy donors. Our results indicate that for vesicles sized between 50 and 120 nm, the precision of routine NTA measurements in serum, plasma, and PR can be significantly improved by increasing the number of video replicates captured. Our protocol provides a common platform to statistical compare particle size distribution profiles in the exosomal-vesicle size range across a variety of biofluids and in both healthy donor and patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E M Parsons
- SPHERE Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damien McParland
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paulina B Szklanna
- SPHERE Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Ho Zhi Guang
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen O'Connell
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Christopher McGuigan
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Ní Áinle
- SPHERE Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia B Maguire
- SPHERE Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute for Discovery, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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228
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Song Y, Zhong L, Zhou J, Lu M, Xing T, Ma L, Shen J. Data-Independent Acquisition-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Biomarkers of Kidney Cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28975715 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant and metastatic cancer with 95% mortality, and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most observed among the five major subtypes of RCC. Specific biomarkers that can distinguish cancer tissues from adjacent normal tissues should be developed to diagnose this disease in early stages and conduct a reliable prognostic evaluation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy has been widely employed in proteomic analysis because of various advantages, including enhanced protein coverage and reliable data acquisition. In this study, a DIA workflow is constructed on a quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS platform to reveal dysregulated proteins between ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS More than 4000 proteins are identified, 436 of these proteins are dysregulated in ccRCC tissues. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that multiple pathways and Gene Ontology items are strongly associated with ccRCC. The expression levels of L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain, annexin A4, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, and perilipin-2 examined through RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry confirm the validity of the proteomic analysis results. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The proposed DIA workflow yields optimum time efficiency and data reliability and provides a good choice for proteomic analysis in biological and clinical studies, and these dysregulated proteins might be potential biomarkers for ccRCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Juntuo Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianying Xing
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education/Beijing, Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
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229
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You L, Mao L, Wei J, Jin S, Yang C, Liu H, Zhu L, Qian W. The crosstalk between autophagic and endo-/exosomal pathways in antigen processing for MHC presentation in anticancer T cell immune responses. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:165. [PMID: 29058602 PMCID: PMC5651564 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells recognize antigen fragments from proteolytic products that are presented to them in the form of peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which is crucial for the T cell to identify infected or transformed cells. Autophagy, a process that delivers cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation, has been observed to provide a substantial source of intra- and extracellular antigens for MHC presentation to T cells, which will impact the tumor-specific immune response. Meanwhile, extracellular components are transported to cytoplasm for the degradation/secretion process by the endo-/exosomal pathway and are thus involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses. Autophagy and endo-/exosomal pathways are intertwined in a highly intricate manner and both are closely involved in antigen processing for MHC presentation; thus, we propose that they may coordinate in antigen processing and presentation in anticancer T cell immune responses. In this article, we discuss the molecular and functional crosstalk between autophagy and endo-/exosomal pathways and their contributions to antigen processing for MHC presentation in anticancer T cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshun You
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Liping Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juying Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shenhe Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. .,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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230
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Ragusa M, Barbagallo C, Cirnigliaro M, Battaglia R, Brex D, Caponnetto A, Barbagallo D, Di Pietro C, Purrello M. Asymmetric RNA Distribution among Cells and Their Secreted Exosomes: Biomedical Meaning and Considerations on Diagnostic Applications. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:66. [PMID: 29046875 PMCID: PMC5632685 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, exosomes and their RNA cargo have been extensively studied because of the fascinating biological roles they play in cell-to-cell communication, including the signal exchange among cancer, stromal, and immune cells, leading to modifications of tumor microenvironment. RNAs, especially miRNAs, stored within exosomes, seem to be among the main determinants of such signaling: their sorting into exosomes appears to be cell-specific and related to cellular physiopathology. Accordingly, the identification of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids from pathological patients has become one of the most promising activity in the field of biomarker discovery. Several analyses on the qualitative and quantitative distribution of RNAs between cells and their secreted exosomes have given rise to questions on whether and how accurately exosomal RNAs would represent the transcriptomic snapshot of the physiological and pathological status of secreting cells. Although the exact molecular mechanisms of sorting remain quite elusive, many papers have reported an evident asymmetric quantitative distribution of RNAs between source cells and their exosomes. This phenomenon could depend both on passive and active sorting mechanisms related to: (a) RNA turnover; (b) maintaining the cytoplasmic miRNA:target equilibrium; (c) removal of RNAs not critical or even detrimental for normal or diseased cells. These observations represent very critical issues in the exploitation of exosomal miRNAs as cancer biomarkers. In this review, we will discuss how much the exosomal and corresponding donor cell transcriptomes match each other, to better understand the actual reliability of exosomal RNA molecules as pathological biomarkers reflecting a diseased status of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ragusa
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matilde Cirnigliaro
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Battaglia
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Duilia Brex
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Caponnetto
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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231
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Tseng CP, Leong KK, Liou MJ, Hsu HL, Lin HC, Chen YA, Lin JD. Circulating epithelial cell counts for monitoring the therapeutic outcome of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77453-77464. [PMID: 29100400 PMCID: PMC5652792 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loco-regional recurrence or distant metastasis usually leads to the death of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Whether or not circulating epithelial cells (CECs) count is a valuable marker in monitoring the therapeutic outcome of PTC was investigated. Patients with PTC (n=129) were treated in our medical center and were categorized into 4 groups with excellent (n=45), biochemical incomplete (n=15), indeterminate (n=37), and structural incomplete (n=32) responses. CECs were enriched from the peripheral blood by the PowerMag negative selection system. Three subtypes of CECs expressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR, a marker for thyroid cells), and podoplanin (PDPN, a marker related to poor prognosis in patients with PTC) were defined by immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The median number of CECs (cells/mL of blood) expressing EpCAM, TSHR, and PDPN was 23 (interquartile range 10-61), 19 (interquartile range 8-50), and 8 (interquartile range 3-22), respectively, for patients enrolled in this study. The number of EpCAM+-CECs, TSHR+-CECs, and PDPN+-CECs was statistically different among patients in different treatment response groups without interference from anti-thyroglobulin antibody (P<0.0001). Patients with structural incomplete response had higher counts for all three CECs subtypes when compared to other patients. EpCAM+-CECs was better in distinguishing patients with excellent response from structural incomplete response among the three subtypes of CECs. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay was 84.4% and 95.6%, respectively, when the cut off value was 39 EpCAM+-CECs/mL. CECs testing can supplement the current standard methods for monitoring the therapeutic outcome of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ping Tseng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kong-Kit Leong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miaw-Jene Liou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsueh-Ling Hsu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Chih Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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232
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Paolillo M, Schinelli S. Integrins and Exosomes, a Dangerous Liaison in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080095. [PMID: 28933725 PMCID: PMC5575598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin activity and function is classically related to the bi-directional regulation of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts that regulate a number of cell pathways linked to cell adhesion, cell detachment from ECM, cell migration, and anoikis. Interestingly, emerging data continue to uncover new roles for integrins in cancer-relevant pathways, particularly concerning the regulation of immune cell activity in the tumor niche, like myeloid cell differentiation and function and, very recently, the regulation of metastatic processes by exosomes. Exosomes are deeply involved in cell-cell communication processes and several studies have shown that integrins found in tumor-associated exosomes can promote cancer progression by two novel cooperative mechanisms: horizontal transfer of integrin transcripts as vescicle cargo, and selection of target tissues to form new tumor niches during metastatic spread by integrins carried on the exosome’s surface. In this review we will discuss mounting evidence that contribute to the development of a new picture for integrins in cancer, highlighting the role of integrins in the processes that leads to tumor niche formation. In particular, the role of the periostin pathway in the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages, and the proposed contribution of exosome-derived integrins in the metastatic spread will be discussed. Finally, in light of the above considerations, an evaluation of integrins as possible therapeutic targets will be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Sergio Schinelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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233
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Yu B, Du Q, Li H, Liu HY, Ye X, Zhu B, Zhai Q, Li XX. Diagnostic potential of serum exosomal colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (CRNDE-p) and microRNA-217 expression in colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83745-83753. [PMID: 29137379 PMCID: PMC5663551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the diagnostic potential of serum exosomal colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE-p) long coding RNA and microRNA-217 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We detected high CRNDE-p and low miR-217 levels in exosomes released by multiple CRC cell lines into culture media as well as in sera from CRC xenograft mice and CRC patients. Conversely, we observed lower CRNDE-p and higher miR-217 levels in serum exosomes from post-chemotherapy than from pre-chemotherapy patient samples. The area under curve (AUC) value for the serum exosomal CRNDE-p and miR-217 combination was higher than CRNDE-p or miR-217 alone. Moreover, high CRNDE-p and low miR-217 serum exosomal levels correlated with advanced clinical stages (III/IV), tumor classification (T3/T4), and lymph node or distant metastasis. Thus combined evaluation of serum exosomal CRNDE-p and miR-217 levels show diagnostic and prognostic potential for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiong Du
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yue Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuan Ye
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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234
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Kubicek-Sutherland JZ, Vu DM, Mendez HM, Jakhar S, Mukundan H. Detection of Lipid and Amphiphilic Biomarkers for Disease Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7030025. [PMID: 28677660 PMCID: PMC5618031 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis is crucial to effectively treating any disease. Biological markers, or biomarkers, have been widely used to diagnose a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The detection of biomarkers in patient samples can also provide valuable information regarding progression and prognosis. Interestingly, many such biomarkers are composed of lipids, and are amphiphilic in biochemistry, which leads them to be often sequestered by host carriers. Such sequestration enhances the difficulty of developing sensitive and accurate sensors for these targets. Many of the physiologically relevant molecules involved in pathogenesis and disease are indeed amphiphilic. This chemical property is likely essential for their biological function, but also makes them challenging to detect and quantify in vitro. In order to understand pathogenesis and disease progression while developing effective diagnostics, it is important to account for the biochemistry of lipid and amphiphilic biomarkers when creating novel techniques for the quantitative measurement of these targets. Here, we review techniques and methods used to detect lipid and amphiphilic biomarkers associated with disease, as well as their feasibility for use as diagnostic targets, highlighting the significance of their biochemical properties in the design and execution of laboratory and diagnostic strategies. The biochemistry of biological molecules is clearly relevant to their physiological function, and calling out the need for consideration of this feature in their study, and use as vaccine, diagnostic and therapeutic targets is the overarching motivation for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z Kubicek-Sutherland
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Dung M Vu
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Heather M Mendez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
- The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA.
| | - Shailja Jakhar
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Harshini Mukundan
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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235
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ADAM Metalloprotease-Released Cancer Biomarkers. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:482-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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