201
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Kumagai Y, Kimura A, Taguchi M, Watanabe M. Radiation-induced degradation of aqueous 2–chlorophenol assisted by zeolites. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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202
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Bell NL, Shaw B, Arnold PL, Love JB. Uranyl to Uranium(IV) Conversion through Manipulation of Axial and Equatorial Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3378-3384. [PMID: 29455528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The controlled manipulation of the axial oxo and equatorial halide ligands in the uranyl dipyrrin complex, UO2Cl(L), allows the uranyl reduction potential to be shifted by 1.53 V into the range accessible to naturally occurring reductants that are present during uranium remediation and storage processes. Abstraction of the equatorial halide ligand to form the uranyl cation causes a 780 mV positive shift in the UV/UIV reduction potential. Borane functionalization of the axial oxo groups causes the spontaneous homolysis of the equatorial U-Cl bond and a further 750 mV shift of this potential. The combined effect of chloride loss and borane coordination to the oxo groups allows reduction of UVI to UIV by H2 or other very mild reductants such as Cp*2Fe. The reduction with H2 is accompanied by a B-C bond cleavage process in the oxo-coordinated borane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Bell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , U.K
| | - Brian Shaw
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , U.K
| | - Polly L Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , U.K
| | - Jason B Love
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , U.K
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203
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Altair T, de Avellar MGB, Rodrigues F, Galante D. Microbial habitability of Europa sustained by radioactive sources. Sci Rep 2018; 8:260. [PMID: 29321597 PMCID: PMC5762670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the icy moons of the Solar System due to their potential habitability and as targets for future exploratory missions, which include astrobiological goals. Several studies have reported new results describing the details of these moons' geological settings; however, there is still a lack of information regarding the deep subsurface environment of the moons. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the microbial habitability of Europa constrained by terrestrial analogue environments and sustained by radioactive energy provided by natural unstable isotopes. The geological scenarios are based on known deep environments on Earth, and the bacterial ecosystem is based on a sulfate-reducing bacterial ecosystem found 2.8 km below the surface in a basin in South Africa. The results show the possibility of maintaining the modeled ecosystem based on the proposed scenarios and provides directions for future models and exploration missions for a more complete evaluation of the habitability of Europa and of icy moons in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Altair
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM)., Av. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000, 13083-100, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física Biomolecular, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio G B de Avellar
- Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo., Rua do Matão, 1226, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo., Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas Galante
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM)., Av. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000, 13083-100, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física Biomolecular, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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204
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Photochemistry and the role of light during the submerged photosynthesis of zinc oxide nanorods. Sci Rep 2018; 8:177. [PMID: 29317711 PMCID: PMC5760726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, metal oxide nanocrystallites have been synthesized through a new pathway, i.e., the submerged photosynthesis of crystallites (SPSC), and flower-like ZnO nanostructures have been successfully fabricated via this method. However, the photochemical reactions involved in the SPSC process and especially the role of light are still unclear. In the present work, we discuss the reaction mechanism for SPSC-fabricated ZnO nanostructures in detail and clarify the role of light in SPSC. The results show that both photoinduced reactions and hydrothermal reactions are involved in the SPSC process. The former produces OH radicals, which is the main source of OH− at the ZnO crystal tips, whereas the latter generates ZnO. Although ZnO nanocrystals can be obtained under both UV irradiation and dark conditions with the addition of thermal energy, light promotes ZnO growth and lowers the water pH to neutral, whereas thermal energy promotes ZnO corrosion and increases the water pH under dark conditions. The study concludes that the role of light in the submerged photosynthesis of crystallites process is to enhance ZnO apical growth at relatively lower temperature by preventing the pH of water from increasing, revealing the environmentally benign characteristics of the present process.
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205
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Petrik NG, Kimmel GA. Electron-stimulated reactions in nanoscale water films adsorbed on α-Al2O3(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11634-11642. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
100 eV electrons are stopped in the H2O portion of the isotopically-layered nanoscale film on α-Al2O3(0001) but D2 is produced at the D2O/alumina interface by mobile electronic excitations and/or hydronium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay G. Petrik
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Greg A. Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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206
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Xue Z, Qin L, Jiang J, Mu T, Gao G. Thermal, electrochemical and radiolytic stabilities of ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8382-8402. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids show instability when exposed to high temperature, to high voltage as electrolytes, or under irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- College of Materials Science and Technology
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Li Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Jingyun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Tiancheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Guohua Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
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207
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Bassez MP. Anoxic and Oxic Oxidation of Rocks Containing Fe(II)Mg-Silicates and Fe(II)-Monosulfides as Source of Fe(III)-Minerals and Hydrogen. Geobiotropy. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2017; 47:453-480. [PMID: 28361301 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-017-9534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, anoxic and oxic hydrolyses of rocks containing Fe (II) Mg-silicates and Fe (II)-monosulfides are analyzed at 25 °C and 250-350 °C. A table of the products is drawn. It is shown that magnetite and hydrogen can be produced during low-temperature (25 °C) anoxic hydrolysis/oxidation of ferrous silicates and during high-temperature (250 °C) anoxic hydrolysis/oxidation of ferrous monosulfides. The high-T (350 °C) anoxic hydrolysis of ferrous silicates leads mainly to ferric oxides/hydroxides such as the hydroxide ferric trihydroxide, the oxide hydroxide goethite/lepidocrocite and the oxide hematite, and to Fe(III)-phyllosilicates. Magnetite is not a primary product. While the low-T (25 °C) anoxic hydrolysis of ferrous monosulfides leads to pyrite. Thermodynamic functions are calculated for elementary reactions of hydrolysis and carbonation of olivine and pyroxene and E-pH diagrams are analyzed. It is shown that the hydrolysis of the iron endmember is endothermic and can proceed within the exothermic hydrolysis of the magnesium endmember and also within the exothermic reactions of carbonations. The distinction between three products of the iron hydrolysis, magnetite, goethite and hematite is determined with E-pH diagrams. The hydrolysis/oxidation of the sulfides mackinawite/troilite/pyrrhotite is highly endothermic but can proceed within the heat produced by the exothermic hydrolyses and carbonations of ferromagnesian silicates and also by other sources such as magma, hydrothermal sources, impacts. These theoretical results are confirmed by the products observed in several related laboratory experiments. The case of radiolyzed water is studied. It is shown that magnetite and ferric oxides/hydroxides such as ferric trihydroxide, goethite/lepidocrocite and hematite are formed in oxic hydrolysis of ferromagnesian silicates at 25 °C and 350 °C. Oxic oxidation of ferrous monosulfides at 25 °C leads mainly to pyrite and ferric oxides/hydroxides such as ferric trihydroxide, goethite/lepidocrocite and hematite and also to sulfates, and at 250 °C mainly to magnetite instead of pyrite, associated to the same ferric oxides/hydroxides and sulfates. Some examples of geological terrains, such as Mawrth Vallis on Mars, the Tagish Lake meteorite and hydrothermal venting fields, where hydrolysis/oxidation of ferromagnesian silicates and iron(II)-monosulfides may occur, are discussed. Considering the evolution of rocks during their interaction with water, in the absence of oxygen and in radiolyzed water, with hydrothermal release of H2 and the plausible associated formation of components of life, geobiotropic signatures are proposed. They are mainly Fe(III)-phyllosilicates, magnetite, ferric trihydroxide, goethite/lepidocrocite, hematite, but not pyrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Bassez
- Institut de Technologie, Université de Strasbourg, 72 route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch, France.
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208
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Tomanová K, Precek M, Múčka V, Vyšín L, Juha L, Čuba V. At the crossroad of photochemistry and radiation chemistry: formation of hydroxyl radicals in diluted aqueous solutions exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29402-29408. [PMID: 29075688 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation yields of ˙OH radicals were precisely determined in aqueous solutions of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and ferrous sulfate (i.e., Fricke dosimeter) exposed to 253.7 nm radiation delivered from a continuous source. Quantum yield of ˙OH radicals was determined as ∼0.08, i.e., roughly one out of twelve photons, efficiently absorbed in UV-illuminated solutions, produced one ˙OH radical. Energetically, a water molecule should undergo a correlated action of at least two 4.9 eV photons delivering enough energy for direct H-OH dissociation (5.0-5.4 eV). We suggest a mechanism based on an interaction of two water molecules, both in long-living triplet states. An intermolecular transfer of excitation energy provided a sufficient amount of energy for the dissociation of one water molecule into ˙OH and H˙ radicals. In an aqueous solution of phospholipids, quantum yields of hydroperoxides formed under these irradiation conditions decreased with total effectively absorbed energy (i.e. a dose), similar to the radiation chemical yields obtained during an exposure to ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays from radionuclide sources. Under 253.7 nm irradiation, one ˙OH radical causes a peroxidation of 34 phospholipid molecules. This implicates chain mechanism of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Tomanová
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic.
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209
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Madureira J, Ceriani E, Pinhão N, Marotta E, Melo R, Cabo Verde S, Paradisi C, Margaça FMA. Oxidation of clofibric acid in aqueous solution using a non-thermal plasma discharge or gamma radiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 187:395-403. [PMID: 28863292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study degradation of clofibric acid (CFA) in aqueous solution using either ionizing radiation from a60Co source or a non-thermal plasma produced by discharges in the air above the solution. The results obtained with the two technologies are compared in terms of effectiveness of CFA degradation and its by-products. In both cases the CFA degradation follows a quasi-exponential decay in time well modelled by a kinetic scheme which considers the competition between CFA and all reaction intermediates for the reactive species generated in solution as well as the amount of the end product formed. A new degradation law is deduced to explain the results. Although the end-product CO2 was detected and the CFA conversion found to be very high under the studied conditions, HPLC analysis reveals several degradation intermediates still bearing the aromatic ring with the chlorine substituent. The extent of mineralization is rather limited. The energy yield is found to be higher in the gamma radiation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Madureira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Elisa Ceriani
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nuno Pinhão
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ester Marotta
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Rita Melo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cabo Verde
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernanda M A Margaça
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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210
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Hémonnot CYJ, Köster S. Imaging of Biological Materials and Cells by X-ray Scattering and Diffraction. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8542-8559. [PMID: 28787573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cells and biological materials are large objects in comparison to the size of internal components such as organelles and proteins. An understanding of the functions of these nanoscale elements is key to elucidating cellular function. In this review, we describe the advances in X-ray scattering and diffraction techniques for imaging biological systems at the nanoscale. We present a number of principal technological advances in X-ray optics and development of sample environments. We identify radiation damage as one of the most severe challenges in the field, thus rendering the dose an important parameter when putting different X-ray methods in perspective. Furthermore, we describe different successful approaches, including scanning and full-field techniques, along with prominent examples. Finally, we present a few recent studies that combined several techniques in one experiment in order to collect highly complementary data for a multidimensional sample characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Y J Hémonnot
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Goettingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Goettingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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211
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Ievlev AV, Jakowski J, Burch MJ, Iberi V, Hysmith H, Joy DC, Sumpter BG, Belianinov A, Unocic RR, Ovchinnikova OS. Building with ions: towards direct write of platinum nanostructures using in situ liquid cell helium ion microscopy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12949-12956. [PMID: 28831493 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04417h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct write with a liquid precursor using an ion beam in situ, allows fabrication of nanostructures with higher purity than using gas phase deposition. Specifically, positively charged helium ions, when compared to electrons, localize the reaction zone to a single-digit nanometer scale. However, to control the interaction of the ion beam with the liquid precursor, as well as enable single digit fabrication, a comprehensive understanding of the radiolytic process, and the role of secondary electrons has to be developed. Here, we demonstrate an approach for directly writing platinum nanostructures from aqueous solution using a helium ion microscope, and discuss possible mechanisms for the beam-induced particle growth in the framework of Born-Oppenheimer and real-time electron dynamics models. We illustrate the nanoparticle nucleation and growth parameters through data analysis of in situ acquired movie data, and correlate these results to a fully encompassing, time-dependent, quantum dynamical simulation that takes into account both quantum and classical interactions. Finally, sub-15 nm resolution platinum structures generated in liquid are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Ievlev
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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212
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Precipitation of dichloromethane as low-chlorine carbon nanoparticles from water by femtosecond laser pulses. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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213
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Oral Administration of Vitamin C, Cimetidine and Famotidine on Micronuclei Induced by Low Dose Radiation in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:117-126. [PMID: 28580333 PMCID: PMC5447248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many studies, chemicals and natural materials were tested to reduce the harmful effects of radiation. It is known that Famotidine and vitamin C reduce DNA damage. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of vitamin C, Cimetidine and Famotidine on gamma-radiation-induced damage on mouse bone marrow. METHODS Six-to-seven week male NMRI mice (28 g ±3) were randomly divided into fourteen groups: control, 2Gy irradiation, six group drugs without irradition (Famotidine, Cimetidine, vitaminC, Fam-Cim, Fam-Vit, Cim-Vit), six groups received drugs and 2Gy radiation with a 60Co |γ|-ray source at room temperature 22 ± 2 °C. The mice were killed 48 hours after irradiation by cervical dislocation. Slides were prepared from bone marrow cells and stained in May-Granwald and Giemsa. Finally, the cells were counted with microscope, frequencies of polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE), normochoromatic erythrocyte (NCE) and their micronuclated cell were recorded. PCE / PCE + NCE were calculated. RESULTS There were significant differences of MNPCE/1000PCE, MNNCE/1000NCE and PCE/PCE+NCE among different groups with similar radiation doses (p≤0.01). Moreover, there were significant differences of MNPCE/1000PCE and PCE/PCE+NCE among different doses of radiation (p≤0.01). While considering MNNCE/1000NCE, there were no significant differences among silimar groups with radiation dose (p˃0.05). CONCLUSION Oral administration of Famotidine, vitamin C and Cimetidine demonstrate reliable and similar radioprotective effects. Additionally, the protective effect of single use of these drugs was similar to the combination form. Thus, the oral use of combination, 48 hours after irradiation cannot induce more radioprotective effect.
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214
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Alternative Energy: Production of H
2
by Radiolysis of Water in the Rocky Cores of Icy Bodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa6d56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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215
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Nishino F, Jeem M, Zhang L, Okamoto K, Okabe S, Watanabe S. Formation of CuO nano-flowered surfaces via submerged photo-synthesis of crystallites and their antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1063. [PMID: 28432320 PMCID: PMC5430675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the fabrication of flower-like CuO nanostructured surfaces via submerged photo-synthesis of crystallites (SPSC), which requires only UV illumination in neutral water. In this paper, we discuss the reaction mechanism of the photochemical formation of the SPSC-fabricated CuO nanostructures in detail based on surface microstructural analyses and a radiation-chemical consideration with additional gamma-ray irradiation. Since the SPSC method for surface nanostructural fabrication can work at low temperatures at atmospheric pressure without using harmful substances, it is a potential fabrication method for green nanotechnology applications. In this vein, the antibacterial activity of the nano-flowered CuO surfaces was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli K12) bacteria, and the results demonstrate that the nano-flowered CuO nanostructures act as an effective antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Nishino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Melbert Jeem
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Okamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Seiichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
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216
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Asghar MSA, Inkson BJ, Möbus G. Giant Radiolytic Dissolution Rates of Aqueous Ceria Observed in Situ by Liquid-Cell TEM. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1247-1251. [PMID: 28276618 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of cerium oxide nanoparticle aqueous corrosion are revealed in situ. We use innovative liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with deliberate high-intensity electron-beam irradiation of nanoparticle suspensions. This enables life video-recording of materials reactions in liquid, with nm resolution. We introduce image quantification to measure detailed rates of dissolution as a function of time and particle size to be compared with literature data. Giant dissolution rates, exceeding any previous reports for chemical dissolution rates at room temperature by many orders of magnitude, are discovered. The reasons for this accelerated dissolution are outlined, including the importance of the radiolysis of water preceding the ceria attack. Electron-water interaction generates radicals, ions, and hydrated electrons, which assist in hydration and reductive dissolution of oxide minerals. The presented methodology has the potential to become a novel accelerated testing procedure to compare multiple nanoscale materials for relative aqueous durability. The ceria-water system is of crucial importance for the fields of catalysis, abrasive polishing, environmental remediation, and as simulant for actinide oxide behaviour in contact with liquid for nuclear engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Ali Asghar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Beverley J Inkson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Günter Möbus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
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217
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Van Hoeck A, Horemans N, Nauts R, Van Hees M, Vandenhove H, Blust R. Lemna minor plants chronically exposed to ionising radiation: RNA-seq analysis indicates a dose rate dependent shift from acclimation to survival strategies. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 257:84-95. [PMID: 28224921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological research provides knowledge on ionising radiation-induced responses in different plant species. However, the sparse data currently available are mainly extracted from acute exposure treatments. To provide a better understanding of environmental exposure scenarios, the response to stress in plants must be followed in more natural relevant chronic conditions. We previously showed morphological and biochemical responses in Lemna minor plants continuously exposed for 7days in a dose-rate dependent manner. In this study responses on molecular (gene expression) and physiological (photosynthetic) level are evaluated in L. minor plants exposed to ionising radiation. To enable this, we examined the gene expression profiles of irradiated L. minor plants by using an RNA-seq approach. The gene expression data reveal indications that L. minor plants exposed at lower dose rates, can tolerate the exposure by triggering acclimation responses. In contrast, at the highest dose rate tested, a high number of genes related to antioxidative defense systems, DNA repair and cell cycle were differentially expressed suggesting that only high dose rates of ionising radiation drive L. minor plants into survival strategies. Notably, the photosynthetic process seems to be unaffected in L. minor plants among the tested dose rates. This study, supported by our earlier work, clearly indicates that plants shift from acclimation responses towards survival responses at increasing dose rates of ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Van Hoeck
- SCK●CEN, Boeretang, 200 2400, Mol, Belgium; Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nele Horemans
- SCK●CEN, Boeretang, 200 2400, Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Research, University of Hasselt, Universiteitslaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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218
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Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A in Naturally Contaminated Corn and Corn Quality Parameters. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030084. [PMID: 28264463 PMCID: PMC5371839 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are secondary toxic metabolites widely present in grains and grain products. In this study, the effects of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on ZEN and OTA in corn and the quality of irradiated corn were investigated. Results indicated that EBI significantly affected ZEN and OTA. The degradation rates of ZEN and OTA at 10 kGy in solution were 65.6% and 75.2%, respectively. The initial amounts significantly affected the degradation rate. ZEN and OTA in corn were decreased by the irradiation dose, and their degradation rates at 50 kGy were 71.1% and 67.9%, respectively. ZEN and OTA were more easily degraded in corn kernel than in corn flour. Moisture content (MC) played a vital role in ZEN and OTA degradation. High MC was attributed to high ZEN and OTA degradation. The quality of irradiated corn was evaluated on the basis of irradiation dose. L* value changed, but this change was not significant (p > 0.05). By contrast, a* and b* decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with irradiation dose. The fatty acid value increased significantly. The pasting properties, including peak, trough, breakdown, and final and setback viscosities, were also reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by irradiation. Our study verified that EBI could effectively degrade ZEN and OTA in corn. Irradiation could also affect corn quality.
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219
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Lainé M, Balan E, Allard T, Paineau E, Jeunesse P, Mostafavi M, Robert JL, Le Caër S. Reaction mechanisms in swelling clays under ionizing radiation: influence of the water amount and of the nature of the clay mineral. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Picosecond pulse radiolysis experiments performed on natural swelling clays evidence a fast trapping of electrons in the layers of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lainé
- LIONS
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris Saclay
| | - E. Balan
- IMPMC
- Sorbonne Universities
- UPMC
- CNRS UMR-7590
- MNHN
| | - T. Allard
- IMPMC
- Sorbonne Universities
- UPMC
- CNRS UMR-7590
- MNHN
| | - E. Paineau
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91405 Orsay Cedex
| | - P. Jeunesse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- CNRS/Université Paris-Sud
- F-91405 Orsay
- France
| | - M. Mostafavi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- CNRS/Université Paris-Sud
- F-91405 Orsay
- France
| | | | - S. Le Caër
- LIONS
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris Saclay
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220
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Hémonnot CYJ, Ranke C, Saldanha O, Graceffa R, Hagemann J, Köster S. Following DNA Compaction During the Cell Cycle by X-ray Nanodiffraction. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10661-10670. [PMID: 28024349 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray imaging of intact biological cells is emerging as a complementary method to visible light or electron microscopy. Owing to the high penetration depth and small wavelength of X-rays, it is possible to resolve subcellular structures at a resolution of a few nanometers. Here, we apply scanning X-ray nanodiffraction in combination with time-lapse bright-field microscopy to nuclei of 3T3 fibroblasts and thus relate the observed structures to specific phases in the cell division cycle. We scan the sample at a step size of 250 nm and analyze the individual diffraction patterns according to a generalized Porod's law. Thus, we obtain information on the aggregation state of the nuclear DNA at a real space resolution on the order of the step size and in parallel structural information on the order of few nanometers. We are able to distinguish nucleoli, heterochromatin, and euchromatin in the nuclei and follow the compaction and decompaction during the cell division cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Y J Hémonnot
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Christiane Ranke
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Oliva Saldanha
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Rita Graceffa
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Johannes Hagemann
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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221
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Abedini A, Bakar AAA, Larki F, Menon PS, Islam MS, Shaari S. Recent Advances in Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles by Radiolysis Route. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:287. [PMID: 27283051 PMCID: PMC4900969 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the recent advances on radiolysis-assisted shape-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanostructures. The techniques and protocols for producing desirable shapes of noble metal nanoparticles are discussed through introducing the critical parameters which can influence the nucleation and growth mechanisms. Nucleation rate plays a vital role on the crystallinity of seeds while growth rate of different seeds' facets determines the final shape of resultant nanoparticles. Nucleation and growth rate both can be altered with factors such as absorbed dose, capping agents, and experimental environment condition to control the final shape. Remarkable physical and chemical properties of synthesized noble metal nanoparticles by controlled morphology have been systematically evaluated to fully explore their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Abedini
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Ashrif A Bakar
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Farhad Larki
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - P Susthitha Menon
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Md Shabiul Islam
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Sahbudin Shaari
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
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222
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223
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Rivera-Utrilla J, Daiem MMA, Sánchez-Polo M, Ocampo-Pérez R, López-Peñalver JJ, Velo-Gala I, Mota AJ. Removal of compounds used as plasticizers and herbicides from water by means of gamma irradiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:518-526. [PMID: 27366982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gamma radiation has been used to induce the degradation of compounds used as plasticizers and herbicides such as phthalic acid (PA), bisphenol A (BPA), diphenolic acid (DPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D), and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in aqueous solution, determining the dose constants, removal percentages, and radiation-chemical yields. The reaction rate constants of hydroxyl radical (HO), hydrated electron (eaq(-)) and hydrogen atom (H) with these pollutants were also obtained by means of competition kinetics, using 3-aminopyridine and atrazine as reference compounds. The results indicated that the elimination of these pollutants with gamma radiation mainly follows the oxidative pathway through reaction with HO radicals. The degradation by-products from the five pollutants were determined, detecting that the hydroxylation of the corresponding parent compounds was the main chemical process in the degradation of the pollutants. Moreover, a high decrease in the chemical oxygen demand has been observed for all pollutants. As expected, the degradation by-products generated by the irradiation of PA, BPA and DPA showed a lower toxicity than the parent compounds, however, in the case of 2,4-D and MCPA irradiation, interestingly, their by-products were more toxic than the corresponding original compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rivera-Utrilla
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Mahmoud M Abdel Daiem
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Polo
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Ocampo-Pérez
- Center of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemical Science, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. M. Nava No.6, San Luis Potosí SLP 78210, Mexico
| | - Jesús J López-Peñalver
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Velo-Gala
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Mota
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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224
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Niu KY, Fang L, Ye R, Nordlund D, Doeff MM, Lin F, Zheng H. Tailoring Transition-Metal Hydroxides and Oxides by Photon-Induced Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14272-14276. [PMID: 27754583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of transition-metal hydroxides and oxides with earth-abundant elements have attracted significant interest because of their wide applications, for example as battery electrode materials or electrocatalysts for fuel generation. Here, we report the tuning of the structure of transition-metal hydroxides and oxides by controlling chemical reactions using an unfocused laser to irradiate the precursor solution. A Nd:YAG laser with wavelengths of 532 nm or 1064 nm was used. The Ni2+ , Mn2+ , and Co2+ ion-containing aqueous solution undergoes photo-induced reactions and produces hollow metal-oxide nanospheres (Ni0.18 Mn0.45 Co0.37 Ox ) or core-shell metal hydroxide nanoflowers ([Ni0.15 Mn0.15 Co0.7 (OH)2 ](NO3 )0.2 ⋅H2 O), depending on the laser wavelengths. We propose two reaction pathways, either by photo-induced redox reaction or hydrolysis reaction, which are responsible for the formation of distinct nanostructures. The study of photon-induced materials growth shines light on the rational design of complex nanostructures with advanced functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yang Niu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Liang Fang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Marca M Doeff
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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225
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Niu KY, Fang L, Ye R, Nordlund D, Doeff MM, Lin F, Zheng H. Tailoring Transition-Metal Hydroxides and Oxides by Photon-Induced Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yang Niu
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Liang Fang
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission; College of Physics; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Menlo Park California 94025 USA
| | - Marca M. Doeff
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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226
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Selim M, Saha A, Mukherjea KK. Protection of radiation induced DNA damage by a newly developed molybdenum complex. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-5061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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227
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Saji G. Root cause study on hydrogen generation and explosion through radiation-induced electrolysis in the Fukushima Daiichi accident. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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228
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Fong CW. Platinum based radiochemotherapies: Free radical mechanisms and radiotherapy sensitizers. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:99-109. [PMID: 27417937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The radiosensitizing ability of Pt drugs can in the first instance be predicted based on the ease that they undergo activation by electron attachment accompanied by structural modification prior to forming Pt-DNA adducts. Unlike cisplatin, carboplatin and nedaplatin, oxaliplatin does not undergo a facile dissociative electron transfer reaction when an electron is attached. However, oxaliplatin undergoes a facile nucleophilic assisted proton coupled electron transfer (NAPCET), which may be key element of the success of FOLFOX radiochemotherapy against certain cancers. Under acidic conditions, oxaliplatin is a superior radiosensitizer to cisplatin or carboplatin, in the presence of nucleophiles such as water, chloride ions or thiols. Oxaliplatin may also be activated as a platinating agent and radiosensitizer by a minor hydrogen radical free radical mechanism as well as the more dominant NAPCET mechanism. The radiosensitizing synergism that is shown when oxaliplatin is combined with 5-fluorouracil can be due to the formation of a π complex between the two drugs, which is more potent under acidic conditions. These factors have a bearing on Pt based chemotherapy clinical regimes as well as clinical radiochemotherapy regimes, and could be a basis for optimizing how such drug schedules are administered.
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229
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Selcuk S, Selloni A. Facet-dependent trapping and dynamics of excess electrons at anatase TiO2 surfaces and aqueous interfaces. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1107-12. [PMID: 27322821 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Excess electrons from intrinsic defects, dopants and photoexcitation play a key role in many of the properties of TiO2. Understanding their behaviour is important for improving the performance of TiO2 in energy-related applications. We focus on anatase, the TiO2 polymorph most relevant in photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. Using first-principles simulations, we investigate the states and dynamics of excess electrons from different donors near the most common anatase (101) and (001) surfaces and aqueous interfaces. We find that the behaviour of excess electrons depends strongly on the exposed anatase surface, the environment and the character of the electron donor. Whereas no electron trapping is observed on the (101) surface in vacuo, an excess electron at the aqueous (101) interface can trigger water dissociation and become trapped into a stable surface Ti(3+)-bridging OH complex. By contrast, electrons avoid the (001) surface, indicating that oxidation reactions are favoured on this surface. Our results provide a bridge between surface science experiments and observations of crystal-face-dependent photocatalysis on anatase, and support the idea that optimization of the ratio between {101} and {001} facets could provide a way to enhance the photocatalytic activity of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sencer Selcuk
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Annabella Selloni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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230
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Abstract
It has long been known that cryo-EM specimens are severely damaged by a level of electron exposure that is much lower than what is needed to obtain high-resolution images from single macromolecules. Perhaps less well appreciated in the cryo-EM literature, the vitreous ice in which samples are suspended is equally sensitivity to radiation damage. This chapter provides a review of several fundamental topics such as inelastic scattering of electrons, radiation chemistry, and radiation biology, which-together-can help one to understand why radiation damage occurs so "easily." This chapter also addresses the issue of beam-induced motion that occurs at even lower levels of electron exposure. While specimen charging may be a contributor to this motion, it is argued that both radiation-induced relief of preexisting stress and damage-induced generation of additional stress may be the dominant causes of radiation-induced movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Glaeser
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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231
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Mont S, Davies SS, Roberts second LJ, Mernaugh RL, McDonald WH, Segal BH, Zackert W, Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Sekhar KR, Galligan JJ, Massion PP, Marnett LJ, Travis EL, Freeman ML. Accumulation of isolevuglandin-modified protein in normal and fibrotic lung. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24919. [PMID: 27118599 PMCID: PMC4847119 DOI: 10.1038/srep24919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine modification by γ-ketoaldehyde isomers derived from arachidonic acid, termed isolevuglandins (IsoLGs), is emerging as a mechanistic link between pathogenic reactive oxygen species and disease progression. However, the questions of whether covalent modification of proteins by IsoLGs are subject to genetic regulation and the identity of IsoLG-modified proteins remain unclear. Herein we show that Nrf2 and Nox2 are key regulators of IsoLG modification in pulmonary tissue and report on the identity of proteins analyzed by LC-MS following immunoaffinity purification of IsoLG-modified proteins. Gene ontology analysis revealed that proteins in numerous cellular pathways are susceptible to IsoLG modification. Although cells tolerate basal levels of modification, exceeding them induces apoptosis. We found prominent modification in a murine model of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, two diseases considered to be promoted by gene-regulated oxidant stress. Based on these results we hypothesize that IsoLG modification is a hitherto unrecognized sequelae that contributes to radiation-induced pulmonary injury and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Mont
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - L. Jackson Roberts second
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Raymond L. Mernaugh
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - W. Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Proteomics Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Brahm H. Segal
- Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, and University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - William Zackert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Konjeti R. Sekhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - James J. Galligan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Pierre P. Massion
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Travis
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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232
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Ouyang Z, Mainali MK, Sinha N, Strack G, Altundal Y, Hao Y, Winningham TA, Sajo E, Celli J, Ngwa W. Potential of using cerium oxide nanoparticles for protecting healthy tissue during accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). Phys Med 2016; 32:631-5. [PMID: 27053452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) as radical scavengers during accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) to protect normal tissue. We hypothesize that CONPs can be slowly released from the routinely used APBI balloon applicators-via a degradable coating-and protect the normal tissue on the border of the lumpectomy cavity over the duration of APBI. To assess the feasibility of this approach, we analytically calculated the initial concentration of CONPs required to protect normal breast tissue from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the time required for the particles to diffuse to various distances from the lumpectomy wall. Given that cerium has a high atomic number, we took into account the possible inadvertent dose enhancement that could occur due to the photoelectric interactions with radiotherapy photons. To protect against a typical MammoSite treatment fraction of 3.4Gy, 5ng·g(-1) of CONPs is required to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Using 2nm sized NPs, with an initial concentration of 1mg·g(-1), we found that 2-10days of diffusion is required to obtain desired concentrations of CONPs in regions 1-2cm away from the lumpectomy wall. The resultant dose enhancement factor (DEF) is less than 1.01 under such conditions. Our results predict that CONPs can be employed for radioprotection during APBI using a new design in which balloon applicators are coated with the NPs for sustained/controlled in-situ release from within the lumpectomy cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ouyang
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Yao Hao
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | | | - Erno Sajo
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | | | - Wilfred Ngwa
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hémonnot CYJ, Reinhardt J, Saldanha O, Patommel J, Graceffa R, Weinhausen B, Burghammer M, Schroer CG, Köster S. X-rays Reveal the Internal Structure of Keratin Bundles in Whole Cells. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3553-3561. [PMID: 26905642 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, X-ray imaging of biological cells has emerged as a complementary alternative to fluorescence and electron microscopy. Different techniques were established and successfully applied to macromolecular assemblies and structures in cells. However, while the resolution is reaching the nanometer scale, the dose is increasing. It is essential to develop strategies to overcome or reduce radiation damage. Here we approach this intrinsic problem by combing two different X-ray techniques, namely ptychography and nanodiffraction, in one experiment and on the same sample. We acquire low dose ptychography overview images of whole cells at a resolution of 65 nm. We subsequently record high-resolution nanodiffraction data from regions of interest. By comparing images from the two modalities, we can exclude strong effects of radiation damage on the specimen. From the diffraction data we retrieve quantitative structural information from intracellular bundles of keratin intermediate filaments such as a filament radius of 5 nm, hexagonal geometric arrangement with an interfilament distance of 14 nm and bundle diameters on the order of 70 nm. Thus, we present an appealing combined approach to answer a broad range of questions in soft-matter physics, biophysics and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Y J Hémonnot
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Reinhardt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliva Saldanha
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Patommel
- Institute of Structural Physics, Technische Universität Dresden , Zellescher Weg 16, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rita Graceffa
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Weinhausen
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian G Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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234
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Dzaugis ME, Spivack AJ, Dunlea AG, Murray RW, D’Hondt S. Radiolytic Hydrogen Production in the Subseafloor Basaltic Aquifer. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:76. [PMID: 26870029 PMCID: PMC4740390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is produced in geological settings by dissociation of water due to radiation from radioactive decay of naturally occurring uranium ((238)U, (235)U), thorium ((232)Th) and potassium ((40)K). To quantify the potential significance of radiolytic H2 as an electron donor for microbes within the South Pacific subseafloor basaltic aquifer, we use radionuclide concentrations of 43 basalt samples from IODP Expedition 329 to calculate radiolytic H2 production rates in basement fractures. The samples are from three sites with very different basement ages and a wide range of alteration types. U, Th, and K concentrations vary by up to an order of magnitude from sample to sample at each site. Comparison of our samples to each other and to the results of previous studies of unaltered East Pacific Rise basalt suggests that significant variations in radionuclide concentrations are due to differences in initial (unaltered basalt) concentrations (which can vary between eruptive events) and post-emplacement alteration. However, there is no clear relationship between alteration type and calculated radiolytic yields. Local maxima in U, Th, and K produce hotspots of H2 production, causing calculated radiolytic rates to differ by up to a factor of 80 from sample to sample. Fracture width also greatly influences H2 production, where microfractures are hotspots for radiolytic H2 production. For example, H2 production rates normalized to water volume are 190 times higher in 1 μm wide fractures than in fractures that are 10 cm wide. To assess the importance of water radiolysis for microbial communities in subseafloor basaltic aquifers, we compare electron transfer rates from radiolysis to rates from iron oxidation in subseafloor basalt. Radiolysis appears likely to be a more important electron donor source than iron oxidation in old (>10 Ma) basement basalt. Radiolytic H2 production in the volume of water adjacent to a square cm of the most radioactive SPG basalt may support as many as 1500 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Dzaugis
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, NarragansettRI, USA
| | - Arthur J. Spivack
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, NarragansettRI, USA
| | - Ann G. Dunlea
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, BostonMA, USA
| | - Richard W. Murray
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, BostonMA, USA
| | - Steven D’Hondt
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, NarragansettRI, USA
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235
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Costagliola A, Venault L, Deroche A, Garaix G, Vermeulen J, Omnee R, Duval F, Blain G, Vandenborre J, Fattahi-Vanani M, Vigier N. Radiation chemical behavior of aqueous butanal oxime solutions irradiated with helium ion beams. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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236
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Mohun R, Desgranges L, Simon P, Canizarès A, Raimboux N, Omnee R, Jégou C, Miro S. Irradiation Defects in UO2 Leached in Oxidizing Water: An in-situ Raman Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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237
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Lee SS, Jung HS, Park SK, Lee EM, Singh S, Lee Y, Lee KO, Lee SY, Chung BY. Enhancement of Chaperone Activity of Plant-Specific Thioredoxin through γ-Ray Mediated Conformational Change. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27302-12. [PMID: 26580605 PMCID: PMC4661877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AtTDX, a thioredoxin-like plant-specific protein present in Arabidospis is a thermo-stable and multi-functional enzyme. This enzyme is known to act as a thioredoxin and as a molecular chaperone depending upon its oligomeric status. The present study examines the effects of γ-irradiation on the structural and functional changes of AtTDX. Holdase chaperone activity of AtTDX was increased and reached a maximum at 10 kGy of γ-irradiation and declined subsequently in a dose-dependent manner, together with no effect on foldase chaperone activity. However, thioredoxin activity decreased gradually with increasing irradiation. Electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography analysis showed that AtTDX had a tendency to form high molecular weight (HMW) complexes after γ-irradiation and γ-ray-induced HMW complexes were tightly associated with a holdase chaperone activity. The hydrophobicity of AtTDX increased with an increase in irradiation dose till 20 kGy and thereafter decreased further. Analysis of the secondary structures of AtTDX using far UV-circular dichroism spectra revealed that the irradiation remarkably increased the exposure of β-sheets and random coils with a dramatic decrease in α-helices and turn elements in a dose-dependent manner. The data of the present study suggest that γ-irradiation may be a useful tool for increasing holdase chaperone activity without adversely affecting foldase chaperone activity of thioredoxin-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Sik Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Korea.
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Soo-Kwon Park
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, 181 Hyeoksin-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 565-851, Korea.
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Korea.
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Korea.
| | - Yuno Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Korea.
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238
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Dzaugis ME, Spivack AJ, D'Hondt S. A quantitative model of water radiolysis and chemical production rates near radionuclide-containing solids. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015; 115:127-134. [PMID: 29276348 PMCID: PMC5741314 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a mathematical model that quantifies the rate of water radiolysis near radionuclide-containing solids. Our model incorporates the radioactivity of the solid along with the energies and attenuation properties for alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) radiation to calculate volume normalized dose rate profiles. In the model, these dose rate profiles are then used to calculate radiolytic hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production rates as a function of distance from the solid-water interface. It expands on previous water radiolysis models by incorporating planar or cylindrical solid-water interfaces and by explicitly including γ radiation in dose rate calculations. To illustrate our model's utility, we quantify radiolytic H2 and H2O2 production rates surrounding spent nuclear fuel under different conditions (at 20 years and 1000 years of storage, as well as before and after barrier failure). These examples demonstrate the extent to which α, β and γ radiation contributes to total absorbed dose rate and radiolytic production rates. The different cases also illustrate how H2 and H2O2 yields depend on initial composition, shielding and age of the solid. In this way, the examples demonstrate the importance of including all three types of radiation in a general model of total radiolytic production rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Dzaugis
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Arthur J. Spivack
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Steven D'Hondt
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
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239
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Benevides CA, Duarte de Menezes F, de Araujo RE. Evaluation of fluorescent dye degradation indirectly induced by x-ray ionizing radiation. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:6935-6939. [PMID: 26368112 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.006935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the fluorescent dye degradation indirectly induced by ionizing radiation with high energy photons (50 keV). Aqueous gels of agarose with low concentrations of Rhodamine 6G and Fluorescein were submitted to doses of x-ray radiation up to 200 Gy. The dye degradation was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy, using an excitation light-emitting diode with a peak wavelength of 462 nm. A rate equation model of fluorophores and radicals' species populations was developed to describe the degradation time behavior of the fluorescent solutions. The model suggests fluorescent dyes should be used in dosimetry.
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240
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Sumithra IS, Jayashri TA, Krishnan G. X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic, thermal and surface morphological studies of gamma-irradiated diaquamalonatomanganese(II) (DMM). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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241
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Jeem M, bin Julaihi MRM, Ishioka J, Yatsu S, Okamoto K, Shibayama T, Iwasaki T, Kato T, Watanabe S. A pathway of nanocrystallite fabrication by photo-assisted growth in pure water. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11429. [PMID: 26076674 PMCID: PMC4468591 DOI: 10.1038/srep11429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new production pathway for a variety of metal oxide nanocrystallites via submerged illumination in water: submerged photosynthesis of crystallites (SPSC). Similar to the growth of green plants by photosynthesis, nanocrystallites shaped as nanoflowers and nanorods are hereby shown to grow at the protruded surfaces via illumination in pure, neutral water. The process is photocatalytic, accompanied with hydroxyl radical generation via water splitting; hydrogen gas is generated in some cases, which indicates potential for application in green technologies. Together with the aid of ab initio calculation, it turns out that the nanobumped surface, as well as aqueous ambience and illumination are essential for the SPSC method. Therefore, SPSC is a surfactant-free, low-temperature technique for metal oxide nanocrystallites fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melbert Jeem
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | | | - Junya Ishioka
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yatsu
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan [2] Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Okamoto
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan [2] Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tamaki Shibayama
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan [2] Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomio Iwasaki
- Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1292, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kato
- 1] Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan [2] Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1292, Japan
| | - Seiichi Watanabe
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan [2] Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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242
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Frances L, Grivet M, Renault JP, Groetz JE, Ducret D. Hydrogen radiolytic release from zeolite 4A/water systems under γ irradiations. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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243
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Nanomedicine to overcome radioresistance in glioblastoma stem-like cells and surviving clones. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:236-52. [PMID: 25799457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard treatments for glioblastoma, but its effectiveness often encounters the phenomenon of radioresistance. This resistance was recently attributed to distinct cell contingents known as glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and dominant clones. It is characterized in particular by the activation of signaling pathways and DNA repair mechanisms. Recent advances in the field of nanomedicine offer new possibilities for radiosensitizing these cell populations. Several strategies have been developed in this direction, the first consisting of encapsulating a contrast agent or synthesizing metal-based nanocarriers to concentrate the dose gradient at the level of the target tissue. In the second strategy the physicochemical properties of the vectors are used to encapsulate a wide range of pharmacological agents which act in synergy with the ionizing radiation to destroy the cancerous cells. This review reports on the various molecular anomalies present in GSCs and the predominant role of nanomedicines in the development of radiosensitization strategies.
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244
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Badri H, Monsieurs P, Coninx I, Wattiez R, Leys N. Molecular investigation of the radiation resistance of edible cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005. Microbiologyopen 2015; 4:187-207. [PMID: 25678338 PMCID: PMC4398503 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize in detail the response of Arthrospira to ionizing radiation, to better understand its radiation resistance capacity. Live cells of Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. This study is the first, showing that Arthrospira is highly tolerant to gamma rays, and can survive at least 6400 Gy (dose rate of 527 Gy h−1), which identified Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 as a radiation resistant bacterium. Biochemical, including proteomic and transcriptomic, analysis after irradiation with 3200 or 5000 Gy showed a decline in photosystem II quantum yield, reduced carbon fixation, and reduced pigment, lipid, and secondary metabolite synthesis. Transcription of photo-sensing and signaling pathways, and thiol-based antioxidant systems was induced. Transcriptomics did show significant activation of ssDNA repair systems and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) at the RNA level. Surprisingly, the cells did not induce the classical antioxidant or DNA repair systems, such superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and the RecA protein. Arthrospira cells lack the catalase gene and the LexA repressor. Irradiated Arthrospira cells did induce strongly a group of conserved proteins, of which the function in radiation resistance remains to be elucidated, but which are a promising novel routes to be explored. This study revealed the radiation resistance of Arthrospira, and the molecular systems involved, paving the way for its further and better exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanène Badri
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium.,Proteomics and Microbiology Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
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245
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Springell R, Rennie S, Costelle L, Darnbrough J, Stitt C, Cocklin E, Lucas C, Burrows R, Sims H, Wermeille D, Rawle J, Nicklin C, Nuttall W, Scott T, Lander G. Water corrosion of spent nuclear fuel: radiolysis driven dissolution at the UO2/water interface. Faraday Discuss 2015; 180:301-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00254g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction has been used to probe the radiolytic corrosion of uranium dioxide. Single crystal thin films of UO2 were exposed to an intense X-ray beam at a synchrotron source in the presence of water, in order to simultaneously provide radiation fields required to split the water into highly oxidising radiolytic products, and to probe the crystal structure and composition of the UO2 layer, and the morphology of the UO2/water interface. By modeling the electron density, surface roughness and layer thickness, we have been able to reproduce the observed reflectivity and diffraction profiles and detect changes in oxide composition and rate of dissolution at the Ångström level, over a timescale of several minutes. A finite element calculation of the highly oxidising hydrogen peroxide product suggests that a more complex surface interaction than simple reaction with H2O2 is responsible for an enhancement in the corrosion rate directly at the interface of water and UO2, and this may impact on models of long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel.
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246
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Berg NG, Nolan MW, Paskova T, Ivanisevic A. Surface characterization of gallium nitride modified with peptides before and after exposure to ionizing radiation in solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:15477-15485. [PMID: 25479565 DOI: 10.1021/la5040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous surface modification of gallium nitride was employed to attach biomolecules to the surface. The modification was a simple two-step process using a single linker molecule and mild temperatures. The presence of the peptide on the surface was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Subsequently, the samples were placed in water baths and exposed to ionizing radiation to examine the effects of the radiation on the material in an environment similar to the body. Surface analysis confirmed degradation of the surface of GaN after radiation exposure in water; however, the peptide molecules successfully remained on the surface following exposure to ionizing radiation. We hypothesize that during radiation exposure of the samples, the radiolysis of water produces peroxide and other reactive species on the sample surface. Peroxide exposure promotes the formation of a more stable layer of gallium oxyhydroxide which passivates the surface better than other oxide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora G Berg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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247
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Molecular hydrogen formation during water radiolysis in the presence of zirconium dioxide. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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248
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KITAGAWA TAKEHIRO, YAMAMOTO JUNKOH, TANAKA TOHRU, NAKANO YOSHITERU, AKIBA DAISUKE, UETA KUNIHIRO, NISHIZAWA SHIGERU. 5-Aminolevulinic acid strongly enhances delayed intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ionizing irradiation: Quantitative analyses and visualization of intracellular ROS production in glioma cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:583-90. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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249
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Toprani SM, Das B. Role of base excision repair genes and proteins in gamma-irradiated resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mutagenesis 2014; 30:247-61. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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250
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Calado T, Venâncio A, Abrunhosa L. Irradiation for Mold and Mycotoxin Control: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Calado
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering; Univ. of Minho; Campus de Gualtar; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Armando Venâncio
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering; Univ. of Minho; Campus de Gualtar; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Luís Abrunhosa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering; Univ. of Minho; Campus de Gualtar; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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