201
|
Patten K, Murthi K, Chen YL, Onwumere D, Shore S. Interventions for Developing Positive Mental Health in Autistic Individuals (2013-2021). Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7710393130. [PMID: 37566776 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.77s10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic Review Briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association's Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each systematic review brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This systematic review brief presents findings to support or improve positive mental health for autistic1 individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Patten
- Kristie Patten, PhD, OT/L, FAOTA, is Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy and Counselor to the President, New York University
| | - Kavitha Murthi
- Kavitha Murthi, MS, OTR, FHEA, is PhD candidate, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development
| | - Yu-Lun Chen
- Yu-Lun Chen, PhD, OTR, is Postdoctoral Fellow, Social Determinants of Health and Disability Outcomes Research Laboratory, Center for Outcomes and Assessment Research & Center for Spinal Cord Injury Research, Kessler Foundation
| | - Dora Onwumere
- Dora Onwumere, MS, OTR/L, is PhD student, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, OT Supervisor, New York City Department of Education
| | - Stephen Shore
- Stephen Shore, EdD, is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Special Education, Adelphi University
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Huntington RN, Badgett NM, Rosenberg NE, Greeny K, Bravo A, Bristol RM, Byun YH, Park MS. Social Validity in Behavioral Research: A Selective Review. Perspect Behav Sci 2023; 46:201-215. [PMID: 37006598 PMCID: PMC10050507 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the application of behavioral principles, behavior analysts seek to produce socially meaningful behavior change, defined as alterations in behavior that yield important outcomes immediately beneficial for the direct consumers of interventions and key stakeholders. Behavioral practitioners and researchers often engage in assessment and reporting of the meaningfulness of behavior change using social validity assessments. These assessments ensure that target behaviors are appropriately selected, intervention procedures are acceptable, and satisfactory outcomes are produced. The purpose of this review is to identify the current state of social validity within behavioral literature. We reviewed eight peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2020. We found that 47% of the intervention studies reviewed included a social validity assessment. Social validity assessment across journals has increased over time, with a significant rise from 2019 to 2020. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future work are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle N. Huntington
- College of Education, Northern Arizona University, Eastburn Education 207c, 639 Riordan Ranch Street, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
| | - Natalie M. Badgett
- College of Education and Human Services, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | | | - Kaitlin Greeny
- College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Alice Bravo
- School of Education, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Young Hee Byun
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Madelynn S. Park
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Smit S, Hopper J. Love, Joy, and a Lens of Childhood Trauma: Exploring Factors That Impact the Mental Health and Well-Being of Autistic Parents via Iterative Phenomenological Analysis. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2023; 5:63-75. [PMID: 36941861 PMCID: PMC10024273 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2021.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The autistic community have called for an increase in autism research exploring the lifespan experiences of autistic people. Researchers have notably neglected the parenting experiences of autistic adults. We aimed to study the factors that impact the mental health of autistic parents. We also explored the possible influence of childhood trauma. Methods Nine autistic parents took part in remote semi-structured interviews. We used participants' chosen communication modalities during interviews to facilitate accessibility. We carried out data analysis using the principles of Iterative Phenomenological Analysis, a qualitative approach where meaning is co-constructed by both the participant's interpretation of their personal experience and the researcher's subjective interpretation. Results We identified three superordinate themes: Identity and Purpose; Looking Through a Lens of Trauma; and External Factors. Our participants described intimate connections with their children, who were sources of love and joy. Their childhood trauma influenced their parenting experiences. They experienced extreme empathy, perfectionism, and a drive to protect their children from the same trauma. We found that professionals' acceptance and awareness of autism was essential for positive outcomes during interactions with participants. Participants also experienced pervasive sensory overload from their environments, related to a loss of trusted coping mechanisms when they became parents. Conclusions Our study draws attention to the influence of childhood trauma on the parenting experience of autistic adults. We reveal an unexplored long-term impact of childhood trauma resulting from a lack of support and othering of autistic children. Professionals should consider that autistic parents may be parenting through a lens of historical trauma. Professionals should be trained in trauma-informed approaches for providing support. Researchers should investigate this phenomenon to explore how this knowledge can be used to inform practise. Researchers should also investigate wider systemic and societal issues that have an impact on the mental health of autistic parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Smit
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hopper
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Martini MI, Butwicka A, Taylor M. Sex Differences in Mental Health Problems and Psychiatric Hospitalization in Autistic Young Adults-Reply. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:401-402. [PMID: 36811928 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam I Martini
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Butwicka
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mark Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Sturrock A, Foy K, Freed J, Adams C, Leadbitter K. The impact of subtle language and communication difficulties on the daily lives of autistic children without intellectual disability: Parent perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023. [PMID: 36807949 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic children without intellectual disability will likely experience higher level language and communication difficulties. These may appear subtle, in that they are not immediately evident to those who do not know the child well and may not manifest in all environments. Because of this, the impact of such difficulties may be underestimated. This phenomenon has similarly attracted little research attention, meaning the extent to which subtle language and communication difficulties contribute to the needs of autistic individuals without intellectual disability may be underspecified in clinical services. AIMS To offer a detailed exploration of how relatively subtle language and communication difficulties impact on autistic children without intellectual disability and what strategies parents recognize can mediate those negative effects. METHODS & PROCEDURES Twelve parents of autistic children from the target group (aged 8-14 years, attending mainstream school) were interviewed about how subtle language and communication difficulties impact their autistic child. Rich accounts were derived then analysed using thematic analysis. Eight of the children discussed had previously been interviewed independently in a parallel study. Comparisons are discussed in this paper. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Parents reported heterogeneous but pervasive higher level language and communication difficulties which universally impacted key areas of the children's function: peer relationships, developing independence and performance in education. Communication difficulties were also universally associated with negative emotional responses, social withdrawal and/or negative self-perceptions. While parents identified a range of ad hoc strategies and naturally occurring opportunities that improved outcomes, there was little mention of the means to address primary language and communication difficulties. The current study showed a number of parallels with child accounts, demonstrating the benefits of collecting data from both sources in clinical and research investigations. However, parents were more concerned about longer term implications of language and communication difficulties and highlighted their impact on the child developing functional independence. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Subtle language and communication difficulties, typically identified in this higher ability autistic group, can impact significantly on key areas of childhood function. Support strategies seem to be parent generated and inconsistently applied across individuals, without the benefit of coherent specialist services. Dedicated provision and resources targeting areas of functional need may be beneficial to the group. In addition, the commonly reported association between subtle language and communication difficulties and emotional well-being indicates the need for greater exploration using empirical methods, and joined-up clinical working between speech and language therapy and mental health services. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject There is now a wide understanding of how language and communication difficulties can impact the individual. However, where those difficulties are relatively subtle, for example, in children without intellectual disability and where difficulties are not immediately evident, less is known. Research has often speculated on how identified differences in higher level structural language and pragmatic difficulties might impact on the function of autistic children. However, to date dedicated exploration of this phenomenon is limited. The current author group explored first-hand accounts of children. Corroborative evidence from parents of the same children would add further weight to understanding this phenomenon. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge This study provides a detailed exploration of parents' perspective relating to the impact of language and communication difficulties on autistic children without intellectual disability. It provides corroborative detail that support child accounts of the same phenomenon, indicating the impact on peer relationships, school outcomes and emotional well-being. Parents also report functional concerns around the child's ability to develop independence and this paper demonstrates how parents and children might deviate in their accounts, with parents reporting increased concerns around the longer term implications of early language and communication difficulties. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Relatively subtle language and communication difficulties can have a significant impact on the lives of autistic children without intellectual disability. Greater service provision for this group is therefore indicated. Interventions could focus on areas of functional concern where language is implicated, for example, peer relationships, developing independence and school success. Additionally, the relationship between language and emotional well-being points to further integration between speech and language therapy and mental health services. Differences found between parental and child reports highlight the need to collect data from both parties during clinical investigations. Parental strategies may offer benefits for the wider population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sturrock
- Division of Psychology, Communication & Human Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Foy
- Division of Psychology, Communication & Human Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny Freed
- Division of Psychology, Communication & Human Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Adams
- Division of Psychology, Communication & Human Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathy Leadbitter
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Hamilton LG, Petty S. Compassionate pedagogy for neurodiversity in higher education: A conceptual analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1093290. [PMID: 36874864 PMCID: PMC9978378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1093290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodiversity paradigm challenges pathologising accounts of neurodevelopmental differences, including autism, attention deficit disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, developmental language disorder (DLD) and others. From a neurodiversity perspective, these differences in the way people perceive, learn about and interact with the world are conceptualised as naturally occurring cognitive variation, akin to biodiversity in the natural environment, which may bring unique strengths and challenges for individuals. An implication of this approach is that interventions designed to create contexts in which neurodivergent people can thrive are needed, in addition to those that seek to ameliorate individual-level difficulties. In this conceptual review, we consider how higher education can offer a context in which cognitive diversity can be noticed, welcomed and accepted with warmth. In universities, neurodiversity is one dimension of difference within an increasingly diverse student population, which overlaps - but is not synonymous - with disability. We argue that improving experience and outcomes for neurodivergent students should be a priority for universities aiming to produce graduates equipped to tackle the complex problems of contemporary society. Drawing on the foundational principles of compassion-focused psychological therapies, we consider how compassion can be enacted within interpersonal interaction, curriculum design, and leadership culture in universities. We apply the insights of double empathy theory to the problem of overcoming barriers of difference in the classroom. Finally, we make recommendations for Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and strengths-based pedagogical approaches, which create a fit-for-purpose educational environment for the widest possible range of learners. This realignment with the neurodiversity paradigm offers an antidote to bolt-on provisions for students who differ from the neuro-normative, and might enable neurodivergent thinkers to flourish within and beyond higher education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna G Hamilton
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Petty
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Wigham S, Ingham B, Le Couteur A, Wilson C, Ensum I, Parr JR. Consensus statements on optimal adult post-autism diagnosis support and services: Delphi process following a UK survey of autistic adults, relatives and clinicians. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:344-355. [PMID: 35670069 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221097502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Research has identified types of support helpful to autistic people, for example, physical and mental health interventions, psycho-education, peer support, developing positive identities and affiliation with social groups. However, accessing suitable post-autism diagnosis support and services is extremely difficult. We asked autistic adults, relatives and clinicians about their experiences of receiving and delivering post-autism diagnosis support/services. In Stage 1, 343 autistic adults and 45 relatives completed a survey. They answered questions about their experiences of UK autism post-diagnosis support/services for adults within 12 months after receiving a diagnosis. Thirty-five clinicians completed a similar survey. Just over half of adults and relatives said there was a follow-up appointment or discussion about support after diagnosis. Fewer than 40% received any support/services in 12 months after diagnosis. We used information from the surveys to create 11 statements describing characteristics of appropriate adult post-autism diagnosis support/services. In Stage 2, we asked clinicians for their views on the statements - they agreed with all of them. For example, those adults are offered an additional follow-up meeting after diagnosis and have access to mental and physical health services. We shared results with autistic adults, relatives and clinicians at two events. Some autistic adults, relatives and clinicians were positive about post-autism diagnosis support/services. However, they described many areas for improvement. The study findings can be used to define, develop and improve the types of adult post-diagnosis support services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wigham
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Barry Ingham
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK.,Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ann Le Couteur
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Colin Wilson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Ian Ensum
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, UK
| | - Jeremy R Parr
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK.,Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Abstract
Relative to males, women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have neurobiological and clinical presentation differences. Recent research suggests that the male/female ASD prevalence gap is smaller than previously reported. Sex differences in symptom presentation as well as the male bias of ASD account for delayed/missed diagnosis among women. Investigating ASD and providing psychological evaluation referrals for women who are struggling socially and present with complex mental health conditions (e.g., ADHD, depression), even when they do not show typical autistic characteristics, is important. Accurate diagnosis facilitates understanding of challenges, increases access to treatments, and alleviates the burden of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Ochoa-Lubinoff
- Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 710, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Bridget A Makol
- Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, 12 Kellogg, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emily F Dillon
- Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Spackman E, Smillie LD, Frazier TW, Hardan AY, Alvares GA, Whitehouse A, Uljarević M. Characterizing restricted and unusual interests in autistic youth. Autism Res 2023; 16:394-405. [PMID: 36453155 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A broad range of interests characterized by unusual content and/or intensity, labeled as circumscribed interests (CI), are a core diagnostic feature of autism. Recent evidence suggests that a distinction can be drawn between interests that, although characterized by unusually high intensity and/or inflexibility, are otherwise common in terms of their content (e.g., an interest in movies or animals), labeled as restricted interests (RI), and interests that are generally not salient outside of autism (e.g., an interest in traffic lights or categorization), labeled as unusual interests (UI). The current study aimed to further characterize RI and UI by exploring their association with age, sex, IQ, and social motivation, as well as to examine differences in the adaptive benefits and negative impacts of these two subdomains. Parents of 1892 autistic children and adolescents (Mage = 10.82, SDage = 4.14; 420 females) completed an online survey including the Dimensional Assessment of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors and the Social Communication Questionnaire. Both RI and UI were found to be highly frequent. Sex-based differences were observed in the content, but not intensity, of CI such that females were more likely to show interests with a social component. Finally, RI and UI showed distinct patterns of association with age, sex, IQ, and social motivation, as well as metrics of adaptive benefits and negative impacts. Findings afford a more nuanced understanding of sex-based differences in CI and, crucially, provide preliminary evidence that RI and UI represent distinct constructs that should be studied independently in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gail A Alvares
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Whitehouse
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
210
|
Cooper CM, Rosen T, Kim H, Eaton NR, Cohn E, Drahota A, Moskowitz LJ, Lerner MD, Kerns CM. Predictors of expert providers' familiarity with intervention practices for school- and transition-age youth with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:331-343. [PMID: 35722950 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT School-age children, adolescents, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder encounter many different types of providers in their pursuit of treatment for anxiety, behavior problems, and social difficulties. These providers may all be familiar with different types of intervention practices. However, research has not yet investigated patterns in expert providers' familiarity with different practices nor how these patterns are related to the characteristics of providers (years in practice, academic discipline, setting) and the youth (age and intellectual disability) they typically support. A panel of 53 expert transdisciplinary providers rated their familiarity with 55 intervention practices (derived from research and expert nominations) via an online Delphi poll. Advanced statistical methods were used to identify types of intervention practices with which providers were familiar, which included two approaches (cognitive and behavioral) and two strategies (engagement and accessibility). Providers who practiced outside a school setting or treated clients without intellectual disability were more familiar with cognitive approaches. Clinical psychologists, behavior analysts, and school-based providers were more familiar with behavioral approaches. Providers practicing outside school settings were also more familiar with engagement strategies, and providers with more years in practice were more familiar with accessibility strategies. These results may help families and researchers to better anticipate how services may vary depending on the types of autism spectrum disorder providers seen and work to reduce disparities in care that may result.
Collapse
|
211
|
Brown CE, Beauchamp MT, Nowell KP, Bernardin CJ, Kanne SM. The network structure of the Special Interests Survey. Autism Res 2023; 16:379-393. [PMID: 36515154 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of special interests (SIs) in autistic youth, research on SIs and how they are characterized is limited. Indeed, a significant challenge in identifying and classifying SIs lies in capturing the vast and diverse scope of potential interests in this population. The recently developed Special Interest Survey (SIS) is a caregiver-report measure to improve SI characterization by capturing a broad range of past and current SIs. In the present study, we performed a network analysis of the SIS to examine relations between SIs and identify distinct interest clusters. We analyzed data from 1992 caregivers of autistic youths who completed the SIS. The network of SIs was densely interconnected, characterized by six communities of interests: Fact-seeking, Engineering, Order-seeking, Object Attachment, Entertainment, and Scholarly Pursuits. Findings suggest that the structure of the observed network is likely to generalize to similar samples. Of all the SIs and their respective communities, behaviors related to Fact-seeking were identified as the most central, meaning that endorsement of these interests was most strongly related to co-endorsement of other SIs. These findings lay the groundwork for future work on SIs, such as improved assessment techniques and linkage of SIs to a broad range of demographic variables, youth characteristics, and autism symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E Brown
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Kerri P Nowell
- Department of Health Psychology, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Courtney J Bernardin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen M Kanne
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Association between autistic traits and binge drinking: Findings from Japan. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:217-226. [PMID: 35610390 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Substance misuse may be elevated in some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As yet, however, little is known about the association between autistic traits (AT) and substance use/misuse in adults. This study examined the association between AT and binge drinking (BD) among individuals in Japan. METHODS Data were analyzed from 1452 individuals aged 18 and above collected during an online survey in February 2021. Self-reported information was obtained on BD assessed as consuming 5 or more (males) or 4 or more (females) drinks containing any kind of alcohol within a 2-h period. AT were assessed with the Japanese version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient - the AQ-J-10. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations. RESULTS The prevalence of past-month BD was significantly higher in individuals with AT compared to those without AT (42.7% > 27.6%). In a fully adjusted analysis that controlled for mental health (anxiety, depression) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, individuals with AT had significantly higher odds for BD once a week or more often (OR: 1.54, 95%CI: 1.04-2.29). AT were also associated with significantly higher odds for BD among women (OR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.08-4.76), and those aged 18-34 (OR: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.09-5.18) and aged 60 and above (OR: 2.15, 95%CI: 1.02-4.53). CONCLUSION Individuals with AT have higher odds for BD. Increased efforts to detect alcohol use/misuse in adults with AT and AT in adults misusing alcohol may be efficacious in efforts to manage symptoms and eliminate harmful alcohol misuse.
Collapse
|
213
|
Stephenson KG, Norris M, Butter EM. Sex-Based Differences in Autism Symptoms in a Large, Clinically-Referred Sample of Preschool-Aged Children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:624-632. [PMID: 33459916 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has identified possible sex-based differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this finding is mixed, particularly among preschool-aged children. We investigated the presence of sex-based differences in parent-rated ASD symptomatology, using the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS). Participants consisted of a large (n = 481,100 female), clinically-referred sample of preschoolers (ages 2-5) diagnosed with ASD (NVIQ: M = 67.11, SD = 21.79). Females had less severe symptoms on the Total, Unusual Behaviors, DSM-5, and Stereotypy scales on the ASRS. The effects were small-to-medium, but statistically significant. There was evidence of differential relationships between nonverbal IQ and ASRS scores among males and females. This study provides additional evidence of sex-based differences in ASD symptoms present from an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Stephenson
- Child Development Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Megan Norris
- Child Development Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric M Butter
- Child Development Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Putnam OC, Sasson N, Parish-Morris J, Harrop C. Effects of social complexity and gender on social and non-social attention in male and female autistic children: A comparison of four eye-tracking paradigms. Autism Res 2023; 16:315-326. [PMID: 36408851 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eye tracking has long been used to characterize differences in social attention between autistic and non-autistic children, but recent work has shown that these patterns may vary widely according to the biological sex of the participants and the social complexity and gender-typicality of the eye tracking stimuli (e.g., barbies vs. transformers). To better understand effects of sex, social complexity, and object gender-typicality on social and non-social gaze behavior in autism, we compared the visual attention patterns of 67 autistic (ASD) and non-autistic (NA) males (M) and females (F) (ASD M = 21; ASD F = 18; NA M = 14; NA F = 14) across four eye tracking paradigms varying in social complexity and object gender-typicality. We found consistency across paradigms in terms of overall attention and attention to social stimuli, but attention to objects varied when paradigms considered gender in their stimulus design. Children attended more to gendered objects, particularly when the gender-typicality of the object matched their assigned sex. These results demonstrate that visual social attention in autism is affected by interactions between a child's biological sex, social scene complexity, and object gender-typicality and have broad implications for the design and interpretation of eye tracking studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orla C Putnam
- Division of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noah Sasson
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Julia Parish-Morris
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clare Harrop
- Division of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,TEACCH Autism Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Davies C, Moosa M, McKenna K, Mittal J, Memis I, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Quality of Life, Neurosensory Disorders and Co-Occurring Medical Conditions in Individuals on the Spectrum, with a Special Focus on Females Diagnosed with Autism: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030927. [PMID: 36769575 PMCID: PMC9917678 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has a high prevalence and a significant economic impact. Our knowledge regarding neurosensory disorders and co-occurring medical conditions in the ASD population is limited, particularly for autistic women. Most of the studies include male participants or do not make comparisons with their female counterparts. The objective of this systematic review article is to explore the quality of life as well as the prevalence of neurosensory disorders and co-occurring medical conditions in individuals on the spectrum, with a special focus on autistic females. The literature search was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. A protocol of this systematic review was designed a priori and was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42022330368). We concluded that numerous medical areas were of concern. Autistic females are more likely than their male counterparts with ASD to suffer from psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress syndrome, depression, and eating disorders. They are also more likely to report GI-related disturbances and chronic pain. Further investigations are warranted to determine quality of life, as well as the prevalence and severity of neurosensory disorders in individuals with ASD, specifically studies comparing autistic females with their male counterparts. The information derived from these studies will help develop better support systems for individuals with autism, particularly females on the spectrum, in pursuit of improving their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camron Davies
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Moeed Moosa
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Keelin McKenna
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Idil Memis
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Lamash L, Gal E, Bedell G. Social Participation and Navigation: Formative Evaluation of a Remote Intervention for Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2023:15394492221146726. [PMID: 36644845 DOI: 10.1177/15394492221146726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Remote interventions can uniquely benefit and significantly increase the motivation/engagement of autistic adolescents and young adults (AYA) in intervention processes. The evidence-based, technology-based Social Participation and Navigation (SPAN), originally a remote intervention for AYA with traumatic brain injuries, shows great promise for autistic AYA. This formative evaluation aimed to inform SPAN adaptations for autistic AYA. Fifteen researcher and clinician stakeholders provided feedback and modification recommendations via a semistructured interview. Stakeholders described potential participants who might benefit, intervention goals, intervention delivery procedures, and additional program-content and technology suggestions, including original components to preserve or adjust. Findings provided a basis for developing a new SPAN-ASD website and intervention manual. The next steps include assessing website usability and feasibility and a pilot implementation study of SPAN-ASD with autistic AYA.
Collapse
|
217
|
Mills CJ, Tracey D, Kiddle R, Gorkin R. Evaluating a virtual reality sensory room for adults with disabilities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:495. [PMID: 36627351 PMCID: PMC9832154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing difficulties can negatively impact wellbeing in adults with disabilities. A range of interventions to address sensory difficulties have been explored and virtual reality (VR) technology may offer a promising avenue for the provision of sensory interventions. In this study, preliminary evidence about the impact of Evenness, an immersive VR sensory room experience, for people with disabilities was investigated via a single intervention pre-post mixed methods design. Quantitative methodology included single intervention pre-post design (five month timeframe) with 31 adults with various developmental disabilities to determine the impact of use of aVR sensory room using a head mounted display (HMD) in relation to anxiety, depression, sensory processing, personal wellbeing and adaptive behaviour. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were also conducted with thirteen purposefully selected stakeholders following Evenness use. Results indicated significant improvements in anxiety, depression and sensory processing following Evenness use. Qualitative analysis corroborated the anxiety findings. No significant changes were observed in personal wellbeing or adaptive behaviour. Results are promising and indicate that a VR sensory room may have a positive impact on anxiety, depression and sensory processing for adults with disabilities. A longer study timeframe and a more rigorous experimental methodology is needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Mills
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Danielle Tracey
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Education, Western Sydney University, Bankstown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Ryan Kiddle
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XInnovation Campus, Bunji Solutions, University of Wollongong, iAccelerate, Building 239Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Robert Gorkin
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XSMART Intrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Dietary Assessment Methods Applied in Clinical and Epidemiological Studies in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-022-00353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
219
|
Maksimović S, Marisavljević M, Stanojević N, Ćirović M, Punišić S, Adamović T, Đorđević J, Krgović I, Subotić M. Importance of Early Intervention in Reducing Autistic Symptoms and Speech-Language Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010122. [PMID: 36670672 PMCID: PMC9857540 DOI: 10.3390/children10010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The intervention focused on starting treatment at an early age to develop the child’s full potential, which is known as early intervention. Given that autistic symptoms and language deficits occur at an early age and affect other areas of development in children with autistic spectrum disorder, we wanted to examine if early intervention is more effective in the reduction in autistic symptoms and language deficits in children aged 36−47 months old when compared to children 48−60 months old. The sample consisted of 29 children diagnosed with ASD who were admitted for integrative therapy. All participants were divided into two groups based on age: G1: 36−47 months old children, and G2: 48−60 months old children. To estimate the presence of autistic symptoms, we used the GARS-3, and for the assessment of speech−language abilities, we used the subscale Estimated Speech and Language Development (ESLD). Our results regarding the effect of the group on the difference in the scores at two time points showed that there was a statistically significant effect of the group on the reduction in autistic symptoms (p < 0.05) but no effect of the group on the differences in speech−language abilities between the two time points (p > 0.05). Our study highlights the importance of emphasizing the exact age when using the terms “early intervention” and “early development” in future studies and practice because it is necessary to determine and establish guidelines about which particular ages are crucial for starting treatment in certain developmental aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Maksimović
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activitites Advancement Center”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology “Đorđe Kostić”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maša Marisavljević
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activitites Advancement Center”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology “Đorđe Kostić”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Stanojević
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activitites Advancement Center”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology “Đorđe Kostić”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Milica Ćirović
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activitites Advancement Center”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology “Đorđe Kostić”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvana Punišić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activitites Advancement Center”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology “Đorđe Kostić”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Adamović
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activitites Advancement Center”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology “Đorđe Kostić”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Krgović
- Institute for Children’s Diseases, Clinical Center of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Miško Subotić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activitites Advancement Center”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology “Đorđe Kostić”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Saure E, Castrén M, Mikkola K, Salmi J. Intellectual disabilities moderate sex/gender differences in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:1-34. [PMID: 36444668 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Girls/women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are suggested to exhibit different symptom profiles than boys/men with ASD. Accumulating evidence suggests that intellectual disability (ID) may affect sex/gender differences in ASD. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic is missing. METHODS Two databases (MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were used to search for studies reporting sex/gender differences (girls/women versus boys/men) in social communication and interaction, restrictive and repetitive behaviour and interests (RRBIs), sensory processing, and linguistic and motor abilities in ASD. The final sample consisted of 79 studies. The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager using a random-effects model. Participants with ASD without and with ID were analysed as separate subgroups, and the effects in these two subgroups were also compared with each other. RESULTS Girls/women with ASD without ID displayed fewer RRBIs, more sensory symptoms and less problems in linguistic abilities than their boys/men counterparts. In contrast, girls/women with ASD with ID displayed more social difficulties and RRBIs, poorer linguistic abilities and more motor problems than boys/men with ASD with ID. Comparisons of groups of participants with ASD without ID versus participants with ASD with ID confirmed differences in sex/gender effects on social difficulties, sensory processing, linguistic abilities and motor abilities. CONCLUSIONS Our results clearly suggest that the female phenotype of ASD is moderated by ID. Among individuals with ASD with ID, girls/women seem to be more severely affected than boys/men, whereas among individuals with ASD without ID, girls/women with ASD may have less symptoms than boys/men. Such phenotypic differences could be a potential cause of underrecognition of girls/women with ASD, and it is also possible that observed phenotypic differences may reflect underdiagnosing of girls/women with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Saure
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- BABA Center and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Castrén
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Mikkola
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Salmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Autistic Adults: a Scoping Review. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 10:92-122. [PMID: 36741810 PMCID: PMC9887236 DOI: 10.1007/s40474-023-00268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions have had a significant impact on people's everyday lives, including the lives of Autistic adults. We aimed to (a) synthesise all papers currently published on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic adults and (b) identify lessons for the care and support of Autistic adults in pandemic and post-pandemic times. Recent Findings Fifty-five papers met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on the pandemic's impact on the wellbeing of Autistic adults. Several studies focused on the use of (telehealth) services or the risk of COVID-19 infection/hospitalisation. Summary Autistic adults were significantly impacted by the pandemic, both directly as indicated by higher COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation rates, but also indirectly due to severe service disruptions and social restrictions. Even though there were large differences observed both between as well as within individuals in terms of the negative/positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, most studies reported a negative effect on Autistic adults' mental health. We draw several lessons from this review for the future care and support of Autistic adults, all of which must be underpinned by participatory research methods, that is, where Autistic community members are actively involved in setting research questions, testing the acceptability of the methods and interpreting and disseminating the results. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40474-023-00268-6.
Collapse
|
222
|
Politis Y, Clemente I, Lim Z, Sung C. The development of the conversation skills assessment tool. AUTISM & DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 2023; 8:23969415231196063. [PMID: 37637964 PMCID: PMC10449635 DOI: 10.1177/23969415231196063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Having a conversation with someone or even more within a group of people is complex. We are never taught at school how to do it, which implies we consider having a conversation as something simple and straightforward. Instead, we just learn from observing others. Some people are great conversationalists - it comes naturally to them - while others struggle. Some people may not fully understand how the process works, how turn-taking happens, don't understand visual cues such as body language and facial expressions, and fail to comprehend that some topics may be appropriate or inappropriate. This can be the case for both neurotypical and neurodivergent people. The Conversation skills Assessment Tool has been developed in this first instance to help in assessing and examining conversation skills in an intervention with young autistic adults on a virtual platform (a virtual world). This paper will present the evolution of the new measure through the exploratory phase, the development phase and finally a detailed account of the inter-rater reliability process. Methods The intervention associated with this study was carried out though a multiple baseline design with 3 autistic participants (in their early 20 s) and took place over 4 phases (15-17 sessions). The sessions involved semi-structured conversations in face-to-face (phases 1 and 4) and virtual (phases 2 and 3) settings and were videotaped with the participants' consent. Twelve of those were used by this study in the development process through iterative inter-rater reliability stages between two coding teams. Results Evaluation of the Conversation skills Assessment Tool tool revealed the potential benefit of implementing interventions with measures that more objectively and concretely (e.g., by noting frequencies) assess observable behaviours that are associated with having positive conversations with others. Beyond this, it is anticipated that Conversation skills Assessment Tool can emerge as a tool capable of not only accounting for the environment an interaction takes place in (e.g., professional, casual), but also offers beneficial feedback for both autistic students and other populations (e.g., young children, English language learners). Conclusions This measure has the potential to offer quantifiable and trackable guidance to people who have difficulties conversing. The authors do not wish to perpetuate an ableist social construct of what is a 'good' conversation, nor do they suggest that conversation skills training is useful solely for people with communication and/or socialization difficulties. Rather, they hope that Conversation skills Assessment Tool can be adopted more broadly to give both neurotypical and neurodivergent people a better understanding of how to communicate more effectively with others, while also becoming more aware and accepting of differing conversational styles. Implications Because of its ability to track (or self-monitor) one's development of conversational skills over time, Conversation skills Assessment Tool could serve as an educative tool in early childhood education. It can be used by occupational/speech therapists and other professionals and also used to self-monitor one's development of conversational skills. Conversation skills Assessment Tool was developed to assess conversation skills on a one-to-one basis; therefore, another iteration of Conversation skills Assessment Tool would have to look at group conversations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurgos Politis
- Yehuda Elkana Center for Teaching, Learning and Higher Education Research, Central European University, Austria
| | - Ian Clemente
- Department of Counselling, Educational Psychology & Special Education (CEPSE), Michigan State University, USA
| | | | - Connie Sung
- Department of Counselling, Educational Psychology & Special Education (CEPSE), Michigan State University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Grove R, Clapham H, Moodie T, Gurrin S, Hall G. 'Living in a world that's not about us': The impact of everyday life on the health and wellbeing of autistic women and gender diverse people. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231189542. [PMID: 37727115 PMCID: PMC10515546 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231189542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic women and gender diverse people have specific needs related to their physical and mental health. They also experience more barriers to accessing services. While there are autobiographical accounts of the 'invisible' challenges that autistic women and gender diverse people face day-to-day, there has been limited research that explores how these experiences impact health and wellbeing. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to understand the everyday experiences of autistic women and gender diverse people, and their impact on health and wellbeing. DESIGN Qualitative methods were used to elicit rich information about the unique experiences of autistic women and gender diverse people. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 autistic adults. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified 3 themes and 10 subthemes. Our first theme described 'all the stuff that you have to do to get through life', including managing domestic tasks, parenting, unique health needs and co-occurring physical conditions. The second theme outlined the impact of 'living in a world that's not about us', describing how navigating the neurotypical world, managing gender role expectations and trying to fit impacts on mental health. Our third theme outlined the positive impacts of 'shedding all the layers and being myself', including the importance of formal identification, exploring autistic identity and community, and including autistic people in research to support them to 'have a good life on their own terms'. CONCLUSION This study emphasized the importance of shifting the responsibility of health and wellbeing from the individual, and the importance of interpersonal, community, cultural, policy and societal factors in ensuring positive health outcomes for autistic women and gender diverse people. It also highlighted areas that enable autistic women and gender diverse people to flourish, including autistic community connectedness, positive relationships and autistic-affirming support from health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grove
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayley Clapham
- Autistic Advisory Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tess Moodie
- Autistic Advisory Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Gurrin
- Autistic Advisory Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Hall
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Autistic Advisory Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Perceptions of the Professionals and Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders About Autism Services; A Qualitative Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:96-109. [PMID: 34982323 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this qualitative study, we aimed to explore the challenges of providing services and supports for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their families from the perceptions of professionals and parents of children with ASD. We classified the results of the study into three key categories including shortcomings in the management of children with ASD; shortcomings of supportive programs and facilities for children with ASD and their families; and organizational challenges in providing services for these children. We analyzed data using the content analysis method. The results showed that there is a wide range of challenges in providing sufficient and high-quality services for children with ASD and empowerment programs for their parents.
Collapse
|
225
|
Crompton CJ, Hallett S, Axbey H, McAuliffe C, Cebula K. 'Someone like-minded in a big place': Autistic young adults' attitudes towards autistic peer support in mainstream education. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:76-91. [PMID: 35249357 PMCID: PMC9806484 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic young people may struggle in mainstream schools and feel disconnected from their peers and their school. We know that autistic adults can benefit from spending time with other autistic people, but we don't know if this is the case for younger autistic people. We conducted interviews with 13 autistic young adults in the United Kingdom who recently left mainstream schooling. We asked them if they would have been interested in being involved in autistic peer support when they were at school, and if so, what that peer support should look like. Results indicated that autistic young people were enthusiastic about the idea of peer support. They thought it was important that peer support was flexible to suit their needs at different times, as well as inclusive, positive, and embracing neurodiversity. They also discussed the potential benefits and difficulties of having a peer support system within a school setting. This adds to the growing body of research on the potential benefits of autistic-autistic interactions on autistic people's well-being and sense of belonging. Findings can be used to help design pilot peer support projects in schools that can be tested to see how effective they are.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Crompton
- University of Edinburgh, UK,Catherine J Crompton, The Centre for
Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh
Hospital, Morningside Terrace, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
226
|
Smith J, Rabba AS, Datta P, Dresens E, Wang R, Cong L, Dang N, Hall G, Heyworth M, Lawson W, Lee P, Lilley R, Ma E, Nguyen HTT, Nguyen KV, Nguyen P, Yeow CT, Pellicano E. 'It's really important to be collaborating': Experiences of participatory research for Chinese and Vietnamese parents of autistic children. AUTISM & DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 2023; 8:23969415231210482. [PMID: 38028582 PMCID: PMC10644728 DOI: 10.1177/23969415231210482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Participatory research involves academic partners working together with the community that is affected by research to make decisions about that research. Such approaches often result in research that is more respectful of, and responsive to, community preferences - and is vital in the context of autism research with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. Whilst participatory approaches are becoming more commonplace within CALD autism research, no studies have explored the experiences of being involved in autism research from the perspectives of CALD community partners over the course of a study. This paper intended to address this gap by reporting on the experiences of CALD parents of autistic children who were community partners in a 1-year Australian research project exploring home-school partnerships for CALD parents of autistic children. We aimed to: (1) report on how parents' involvement in the research process shaped the home-school partnerships study over time and (2) understand their experiences of being community partners on the home-school partnerships project. Methods Using key principles of participatory approaches, we established Chinese and Vietnamese parent advisory groups to contribute to a project exploring home-school partnerships for parents of autistic children from CALD backgrounds in Australia. Advisory groups included parents of autistic children from Chinese/Vietnamese backgrounds, as well as interpreters, professionals and researchers. We documented how parents' participation as community partners shaped the home-school partnerships study over the course of the project. We also elicited parents' own views and experiences of being community partners through informal, open-ended questions at the beginning and end of the study. Results We found that parents' input fundamentally shaped the broader home-school partnership study, from meaningful, accurate translation of interview schedules through to making decisions regarding community-specific recommendations and dissemination plans. Parents themselves reported being keen to collaborate and to hear and share opinions for the purpose of the home-school partnership study - although they noted how emotionally difficult sharing their stories could be. While they initially had some concerns about combining being involved as a community partner with their existing responsibilities, ultimately, parents were surprised by the scope of the home-school partnership study and their level of involvement as community partners. Through hearing others' stories and sharing their own in advisory group meetings, parents reported ancillary benefits of their involvement, including increased self-advocacy and well-being. Conclusions These findings show how research that is conducted in partnership with diverse members of the autism community has the capacity to improve the quality of the research and benefit community partners. Implications This study clearly documents the benefits and potential challenges of participatory approaches with CALD communities. These findings emphasise to researchers and funders the importance of including extra time and money within budgets in order to produce meaningful research that is respectful and responsive to communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Smith
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aspasia Stacey Rabba
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Poulomee Datta
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma Dresens
- Positive Partnerships, Chatswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Rena Wang
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University,
Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lin Cong
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ngoc Dang
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Hall
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melanie Heyworth
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Reframing Autism,
Sydney, Australia
| | - Wenn Lawson
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Curtin University, Curtin Autism Research Group, Perth WA
| | - Patricia Lee
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Positive Partnerships, Forestville, NSW, Australia
- Positive Partnerships, Chatswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Rozanna Lilley
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Ma
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University,
Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hau T T Nguyen
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim-Van Nguyen
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phuc Nguyen
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chong Tze Yeow
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Oredipe T, Kofner B, Riccio A, Cage E, Vincent J, Kapp SK, Dwyer P, Gillespie-Lynch K. Does learning you are autistic at a younger age lead to better adult outcomes? A participatory exploration of the perspectives of autistic university students. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:200-212. [PMID: 35404160 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221086700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT People learn they are autistic at different ages. We wanted to know if telling kids they are autistic earlier helps them feel better about their lives when they grow up. We are a team of autistic and non-autistic students and professors. Seventy-eight autistic university students did our online survey. They shared how they found out they were autistic and how they felt about being autistic. They also shared how they feel about their lives now. Around the same number of students learned they were autistic from doctors and parents. Students who learned they were autistic when they were younger felt happier about their lives than people who learned they were autistic when they were older. Students who learned they were autistic when they were older felt happier about being autistic when they first found out than people who did not have to wait as long. Our study shows that it is probably best to tell people they are autistic as soon as possible. The students who did our study did not think it was a good idea to wait until children are adults to tell them they are autistic. They said that parents should tell their children they are autistic in ways that help them understand and feel good about who they are.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomisin Oredipe
- College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, USA
| | - Bella Kofner
- College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, USA
| | - Ariana Riccio
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristen Gillespie-Lynch
- College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, USA.,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Hamdani Y, Kassee C, Walker M, Lunsky Y, Gladstone B, Sawyer A, Ameis SH, Desarkar P, Szatmari P, Lai MC. Roadblocks and detours on pathways to a clinical diagnosis of autism for girls and women: A qualitative secondary analysis. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231163761. [PMID: 36999318 PMCID: PMC10071154 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231163761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is not always considered for girls and women until later along their clinical diagnostic pathways. Misdiagnosis or late diagnosis can pose significant disadvantages with respect to accessing timely health and autism-related services and supports. Understanding what contributes to roadblocks and detours along clinical pathways to an autism diagnosis can shed light on missed opportunities for earlier recognition. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine what contributed to roadblocks, detours, and missed opportunities for earlier recognition and clinical diagnosis of autism for girls and women. DESIGN We conducted a qualitative secondary analysis using data from a Canadian primary study that examined the health and healthcare experiences of autistic girls and women through interviews and focus groups. METHODS Transcript data of 22 girls and women clinically diagnosed with autism and 15 parents were analysed, drawing on reflexive thematic analysis procedures. Techniques included coding data both inductively based on descriptions of roadblocks and detours and deductively based on conceptualizations of sex and gender. Patterns of ideas were categorized into themes and the 'story' of each theme was refined through writing and discussing analytic memos, reflecting on sex and gender assumptions, and creating a visual map of clinical pathways. RESULTS Contributing factors to roadblocks, detours, and missed opportunities for earlier recognition and diagnosis were categorized as follows: (1) age of pre-diagnosis 'red flags' and 'signals'; (2) 'non-autism' mental health diagnoses first; (3) narrow understandings of autism based on male stereotypes; and (4) unavailable and unaffordable diagnostic services. CONCLUSION Professionals providing developmental, mental health, educational, and/or employment supports can be more attuned to nuanced autism presentations. Research in collaboration with autistic girls and women and their childhood caregivers can help to identify examples of nuanced autistic features and how context plays a role in how these are experienced and navigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Hamdani
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Meaghan Walker
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda Gladstone
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Sawyer
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pushpal Desarkar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Behzadpoor S, Pouretemad H. Some comments on "intolerance of uncertainty" for explaining anxiety in children with autism. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 79:103333. [PMID: 36403391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Behzadpoor
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Pouretemad
- Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Lin X, Su X, Huang S, Liu Z, Yu H, Wang X, Lin L, Cao M, Li X, Jing J. Association between maternal parenting styles and behavioral problems in children with ASD: Moderating effect of maternal autistic traits. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1107719. [PMID: 37143786 PMCID: PMC10153627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk of experiencing externalizing and internalizing problems. This study aimed to reveal how maternal parenting styles and autistic traits influence behavioral problems in children with ASD. Methods This study recruited 70 2-5 years children with ASD and 98 typically developing (TD) children. The Parental Behavior Inventory (PBI) and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) were used to collect the maternal parenting styles and autistic traits, respectively. The children's behavioral problems were reported by the mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were used to determine whether maternal autistic traits moderated the association between parenting style and behavioral problems in the children. Results Compared to TD children, children with ASD exhibited more severe externalizing and internalizing problems (t = 4.85, p < 0.01). The ASD group scored lower in the maternal supportive/engaged parenting style than the TD group (t = 3.20, p < 0.01). In the TD group, the maternal AQ attention switching domain was positively correlated with internalizing problems in the children (β = 0.30, p = 0.03). In the ASD group, hostile/coercive parenting style was significantly correlated with externalizing problems in the children (β = 0.30, p = 0.02), whereas maternal AQ attention switching domain was negatively correlated with externalizing problems (β = -0.35, p = 0.02). Moreover, the maternal AQ attention switching domain moderated the association between hostile/coercive parenting style and children's externalizing problems (β = 0.33, p = 0.04). Conclusion Among ASD children, a hostile/coercive parenting style can increase the risks of children's externalizing problems, especially in the context of high levels of maternal attention-switching problems. Hence, the current study has important implications for the clinical practice of early family-level interventions for children with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujin Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saijun Huang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizi Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuhong Li,
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jin Jing,
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Nicolaou T, Elliott R, Robinson A. Extending empathy to physical symptoms. PERSON-CENTERED & EXPERIENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2022.2159503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Nicolaou
- Counselling Unit, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Elliott
- Counselling Unit, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Robinson
- School of Education, University of Strathclyde Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Han C, Cumming TM. Teachers’ Beliefs About the Provision of Education for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-022-00350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
233
|
Edwards T, Skuthan A. School-Based Occupational Therapists’ Perceptions of Sensory Processing Interventions for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SCHOOLS, & EARLY INTERVENTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2022.2156423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.A. Edwards
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Shenandoah University, Shenandoah, VA, USA
| | - A. Skuthan
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Shenandoah University, Shenandoah, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Overview of Services for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and among Immigrants and Minority Groups in High-Income Countries (HICs). Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121682. [PMID: 36552142 PMCID: PMC9775866 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is rising [...].
Collapse
|
235
|
Cremin K. Editorial: Transition. IRISH JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijot-12-2022-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
|
236
|
McMaughan DJD, Jones JL, Mulcahy A, Tucker EC, Beverly JG, Perez-Patron M. Hospitalizations Among Children and Youth With Autism in the United States: Frequency, Characteristics, and Costs. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 60:484-503. [PMID: 36454617 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-60.6.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
National estimates of hospitalization diagnoses and costs were determined using the 2016 HCUP Kids' Inpatient Database. Children and youth with autism were hospitalized over 45,000 times at over $560 million in costs and 260,000 inpatient days. The most frequent principal diagnoses for hospitalizations of children and youth with autism were epilepsy, mental health conditions, pneumonia, asthma, and gastrointestinal disorders, which resulted in almost $200 million in costs and 150,000 inpatient days. Mental health diagnoses accounted for 24.8% of hospitalizations, an estimated $82 million in costs, and approximately 94,000 inpatient days. Children and youth with autism were more likely hospitalized for epilepsy, mental health diagnoses, and gastrointestinal disorders, and less likely for pneumonia and asthma compared to other children and youth.
Collapse
|
237
|
Martini MI, Kuja-Halkola R, Butwicka A, Du Rietz E, D’Onofrio BM, Happé F, Kanina A, Larsson H, Lundström S, Martin J, Rosenqvist MA, Lichtenstein P, Taylor MJ. Sex Differences in Mental Health Problems and Psychiatric Hospitalization in Autistic Young Adults. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:1188-1198. [PMID: 36287538 PMCID: PMC9607919 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Psychiatric disorders are common among autistic children and adults. Little is known about sex differences in psychiatric disorders and hospitalization in early adulthood. OBJECTIVE To examine sex differences in psychiatric diagnoses and hospitalizations in autistic compared with nonautistic young adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study assessed all individuals born in Sweden between 1985 and 1997. A total of 1 335 753 individuals, including 20 841 autistic individuals (7129 [34.2%] female individuals), were followed up from age 16 through 24 years between 2001 and 2013. Analysis took place between June 2021 and August 2022. EXPOSURES Autism was defined as having received at least 1 clinical diagnosis of autism based on the International Classification of Diseases. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The cumulative incidence of 11 psychiatric diagnoses up until age 25 years was estimated, and birth year-standardized risk difference was used to compare autistic female and male individuals directly. Sex-specific birth year-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using Cox regression. Analyses were repeated for inpatient diagnoses to assess psychiatric hospitalization. RESULTS Of 1 335 753 individuals included in this study, 650 314 (48.7%) were assigned female at birth. Autism was clinically diagnosed in 20 841 individuals (1.6%; 7129 [34.2%] female) with a mean (SD) age of 16.1 (5.1) years (17.0 [4.8] years in female individuals and 15.7 [5.2] years in male individuals) for the first recorded autism diagnosis. For most disorders, autistic female individuals were at higher risk for psychiatric diagnoses and hospitalizations. By age 25 years, 77 of 100 autistic female individuals and 62 of 100 autistic male individuals received at least 1 psychiatric diagnosis. Statistically significant standardized risk differences were observed between autistic female and male individuals for any psychiatric disorder (-0.18; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.10) and specifically for anxiety, depressive, and sleep disorders. Risk differences were larger among autistic than nonautistic individuals. Compared with nonautistic same-sex individuals, autistic female individuals (HR range [95% CI], 3.17 [2.50-4.04.]-20.78 [18.48-23.37]) and male individuals (HR range [95% CI], 2.98 [2.75-3.23]-18.52 [17.07-20.08]) were both at increased risk for all psychiatric diagnoses. Any psychiatric hospitalization was statistically significantly more common in autistic female individuals (32 of 100) compared with autistic male individuals (19 of 100). However, both autistic female and male individuals had a higher relative risk for psychiatric hospitalization compared with nonautistic female and male individuals for all disorders (female individuals: HR range [95% CI], 5.55 [4.63-6.66]-26.30 [21.50-32.16]; male individuals: HR range [95% CI], 3.79 [3.22-4.45]-29.36 [24.04-35.87]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings highlight the need for profound mental health services among autistic young adults. Autistic female individuals, who experience more psychiatric difficulties at different levels of care, require increased clinical surveillance and support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam I. Martini
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Butwicka
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ebba Du Rietz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M. D’Onofrio
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Francesca Happé
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Kanina
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Sweden Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Martin
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mina A. Rosenqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark J. Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi Abubakare
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Eccles JA, Quadt L, McCarthy H, Davies KA, Bond R, David AS, Harrison NA, Critchley HD. Variant connective tissue (joint hypermobility) and its relevance to depression and anxiety in adolescents: a cohort-based case-control study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066130. [PMID: 36450437 PMCID: PMC9723902 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether variant connective tissue structure, as indicated by the presence of joint hypermobility, poses a developmental risk for mood disorders in adolescence. DESIGN Cohort-based case-control study. SETTING Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were interrogated. PARTICIPANTS 6105 children of the ALSPAC cohort at age 14 years old, of whom 3803 also were assessed when aged 18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In a risk analysis, we examined the relationship between generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) at age 14 years with psychiatric symptoms at age 18 years. In an association analysis, we examined the relationship between presence of symptomatic joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) and International Classification of Diseases-10 indication of depression and anxiety (Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R), Anxiety Sensitivity Index) at age 18 years. RESULTS GJH was more common in females (n=856, 28%) compared with males (n=319, 11%; OR: 3.20 (95% CI: 2.78 to 3.68); p<0.001). In males, GJH at age 14 years was associated with depression at 18 years (OR: 2.10 (95% CI: 1.17 to 3.76); p=0.013). An index of basal physiological arousal, elevated resting heart rate, mediated this effect. Across genders, the diagnosis of JHS at age 18 years was associated with the presence of depressive disorder (adjusted OR: 3.53 (95% CI: 1.67 to 7.40); p=0.001), anxiety disorder (adjusted OR: 3.14 (95% CI: 1.52 to 6.46); p=0.002), level of anxiety (B=8.08, t(3278)=3.95; p<0.001) and degree of psychiatric symptomatology (B=5.89, t(3442)=5.50; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Variant collagen, indexed by joint hypermobility, is linked to the emergence of depression and anxiety in adolescence, an effect mediated by autonomic factors in males. Recognition of this association may motivate further evaluation, screening and interventions to mitigate development of psychiatric disorders and improve health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Eccles
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | - Lisa Quadt
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | - Hannah McCarthy
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
| | - Kevin A Davies
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Rod Bond
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Neil A Harrison
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Valderrama A, Martinez A, Charlebois K, Guerrero L, Forgeot d'Arc B. For autistic persons by autistic persons: Acceptability of a structured peer support service according to key stakeholders. Health Expect 2022; 26:463-475. [PMID: 36447392 PMCID: PMC9854317 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social support is a protective factor in the mental health of autistic people. Furthermore, prejudice regarding autistic people is a constraint for the development of social support programmes by autistic peers. METHODS The objective of this study is to describe the anticipated acceptability of structured peer support programmes for and by autistic persons. Fifteen key stakeholders (six autistic adults, four caregivers and five service providers) participated in in-depth semistructured interviews. A qualitative thematic analysis of the content of the verbatim was carried out. FINDINGS We found that while a structured peer social support programme is acceptable to autistic people and caregivers, there was no consensus among service providers. The latter expressed doubts about the ability of autistic people to offer support. The framing of discussions between peers, the training of peer helpers, the support for autistic leadership and an organization that considers the communicational and sensory characteristics of autistic persons, could influence adherence to such a programme. Moreover, a space without service providers is an important condition for the acceptability of a peer support programme. CONCLUSION A structured peer support service for and by autistic persons could be an innovative way to answer the unmet support needs of autistic people. It seems essential to anticipate potential barriers and facilitators and to communicate among health professionals to promote this approach and reduce possible prejudice about the ability of autistic people to offer support to their peers. More studies are necessary. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Fifteen key stakeholders who are involved in autistic people's trajectory of service and support participated in this research. We are a research team composed of healthcare professionals and researchers, in addition to one member of our team being an autistic advocate and a mental health peer-support mentor. Two members of our team are also parents of autistic children. The comprehensibility of the questions for the interview was consulted and discussed with one autistic advocate-collaborator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Valderrama
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public HealthUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada,Research Center of the Sainte‐Justine University HospitalMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Alejandra Martinez
- Research Center of the Sainte‐Justine University HospitalMontréalQuebecCanada,Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Kathleen Charlebois
- Research Center of the Sainte‐Justine University HospitalMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Lucila Guerrero
- Research Center of the Sainte‐Justine University HospitalMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Baudouin Forgeot d'Arc
- Research Center of the Sainte‐Justine University HospitalMontréalQuebecCanada,Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de Nord‐de‐l'Île‐de‐MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada,Département de PsychiatrieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Zwilling M, Romano A, Hoffman H, Lotan M, Tesler R. Development and validation of a system for the prediction of challenging behaviors of people with autism spectrum disorder based on a smart wearable shirt: A mixed-methods design. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:948184. [DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.948184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMost people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present at least one form of challenging behavior (CB), causing reduced life quality, social interactions, and community-based service inclusion.ObjectivesThe current study had two objectives: (1) to assess the differences in physiological reaction to stressful stimuli between adults with and without high-functioning ASD; (2) to develop a system able to predict the incoming occurrence of a challenging behaviors (CBs) in real time and inform the caregiver that a CB is about to occur; (3) to evaluate the acceptability and usefulness of the developed system for users with ASD and their caregivers.MethodsComparison between physiological parameters will be conducted by enrolling two groups of 20 participants with and without ASD monitored while watching a relaxing and disturbing video. To understand the variations of the parameters that occur before the CB takes place, 10 participants with ASD who have aggressive or disruptive CBs will be monitored for 7 days. Then, an ML algorithm capable of predicting immediate CB occurrence based on physiological parameter variations is about to be developed. After developing the application-based algorithm, an efficient proof of concept (POC) will be carried out on one participant with ASD and CB. A focus group, including health professionals, will test the POC to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the developed system.ResultsHigher stress level is anticipated in the group of people with ASD looking at the disturbing video than in the typically developed peers. From the obtained data, the developed algorithm is used to predict CBs that are about to occur in the upcoming 1 min. A high level of satisfaction with the proposed technology and useful consideration for further developments are expected to emerge from the focus group.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT05340608].
Collapse
|
242
|
An Intersectional Examination of Disability and Race Models in Behavior-Analytic Practice. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42822-022-00116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
243
|
Bertilsdotter Rosqvist H, Hultman L, Hallqvist J. Knowing and accepting oneself: Exploring possibilities of self-awareness among working autistic young adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022:13623613221137428. [DOI: 10.1177/13623613221137428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autistic people have historically been described as incapable of developing a deeper sense of self-awareness, and autistic understandings of self-awareness have been largely disregarded. The aim of this study is to explore the way young autistic adults try to understand their functionality and who they are, or to develop their sense of self-awareness, in work and in private life contexts. In 12 qualitative interviews conducted with four autistic adults without learning difficulties, we identified a rich set of reflections on knowing and accepting oneself. The overarching theme of self-knowledge has three subthemes: learning from previous experiences, learning about oneself by securing the support of others, and understanding and accepting autistic functionality. The strategy of self-knowledge was used by these young adults to help them achieve functional lives in the work and private domains. Our results show that young autistic adults both actively explore and develop their self-awareness. We suggest that it is important for practitioners and employers working with autistic individuals to engage with their journeys of self-awareness as a vital part of understanding and supporting them. Lay abstract When researchers and professionals talk about autism, they commonly point out problems and risks with autism or being autistic. Several interventions are based on the idea of the problems and risks of autism. Another way of talking about autism is to point out autistic people’s strengths and strategies which they use to handle barriers and problems in their lives in order to live good lives on their own terms. In this article, the researchers explore how autistic young adults formulate their own difficulties, strengths and support needs in order to get right support from support people. To be able to formulate this, autistic people need to get to know oneself and one’s own way of functioning. Autistic own self-knowledge must be central when formal support people, such as social workers, formulate support and interventions aimed at helping autistic people, in order for the support/intervention to be helpful.
Collapse
|
244
|
Keates N, Waldock KE, Dewar E. Tensions Between Autistic Sociality, Communication, and Social Skills Research: A Response to Bambara (2022) and Camarata (2022). JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:4346-4350. [PMID: 36256585 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this letter to the editor is to further elucidate the arguments Keates (2022) and Beechey (2022) stated in their letters to the editor. Both Bambara (2022) and Camarata (2022) pose comments that require clarifying the original arguments, particularly regarding power and autistic sociality, which we feel will provide further clarity to this highly significant and growing topic within autism research. CONCLUSION We recommend teaching not autistic people but rather non-autistic individuals about autistic sociality, in order to lower the burden on autistic interlocutors in cross-neurotype interactions and socialization (as per previous literature, Bottema-Beutel et al., 2018). We provide recommendations to address difficulties in cross-neurotype interactions-for example, bridging the neurotype gap through practice or psychosocial interventions for acceptance of autistic people and their system of interpretation, as per Jones et al. (2021).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Keates
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eleanor Dewar
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Guerrero-Vásquez LF, López-Nores M, Pazos-Arias JJ, Robles-Bykbaev VE, Bustamante-Cacao KC, Jara-Quito HJ, Bravo-Torres JF, Campoverde-Jara PX. Systematic Review of Technological Aids to Social Interaction in Autistic Spectrum Disorders from Transversal Perspectives: Psychology, Technology and Therapy. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-022-00347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
246
|
Stein Duker LI, Goodman E, Pomponio Davidson A, Mosqueda L. Caregiver perspectives on barriers and facilitators to primary care for autistic adults: A qualitative study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1022026. [PMID: 36438029 PMCID: PMC9685801 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1022026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary care is associated with greater access to healthcare services and improved health outcomes. However, autistic adults report challenges accessing and utilizing primary care, in addition to unmet healthcare needs. The need to minimize existing barriers and identify strategies to facilitate successful healthcare encounters is increasingly important as autistic adults represent a growing segment of society. Minimal research has examined primary healthcare encounters for this population. Methods As part of a larger convergent parallel design mixed-methods study that recruited autistic adults, caregivers of autistic adults, and primary care providers treating autistic adults, interviews were conducted with 31 caregivers of autistic adults. Caregivers were predominantly female (94%), and the autistic adult they cared for were primarily male (87%), with a mean age of 24 years. Thematic analysis was employed to elucidate the barriers to care, suggestions to mitigate challenges, and/or successful strategies implemented during care encounters for autistic adults, as reported by their caregivers. Results Reported here are the results only from the caregiver interviews, in which seven themes emerged: (1) finding a primary care provider; (2) patient-provider communication; (3) anxiety due to unpredictability, an overstimulating sensory environment, and waiting time; (4) participation of consumers in the healthcare process; (5) stigma and assumptions about autism; (6) caregiver experiences; and (7) the impact of culture and ethnicity on care. Conclusion Findings from this study have the potential to inform the development of, or improve existing, client-centered interventions to improve primary healthcare services for autistic adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah I. Stein Duker
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Goodman
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amber Pomponio Davidson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura Mosqueda
- Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Keenan M, Dillenburger K, Konrad MH, Debetencourt N, Vuksan R, Kourea L, Pancocha K, Kingsdorf S, Brandtberg HJ, Ozkan N, Abdelnour H, Da Costa-Meranda M, Schuldt S, Mellon R, Herman A, Tennyson A, Ayvazo S, Moderato P, Attard N, Schenk J, Budzinska A, Virues-Ortega J, Roll-Pettersson L, Strömberg D, Wirth S, Escané C, Glaus-Stuessi E, Moskalets A, Gallagher S. Professional Development of Behavior Analysts in Europe: A Snapshot for 21 Countries. Behav Anal Pract 2022; 16:1-21. [PMID: 36406141 PMCID: PMC9648995 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-022-00754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavior analysts are not recognized or regulated as a distinct profession in Europe. For the most part, European behavior analysts adhered to the standards set by the U.S.-based Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB). However, the BACB certification has not been recognized officially in any European jurisdiction. The recent decision by the BACB to discontinue eligibility of non-U.S. residents to apply for the BCBA exam by the end of 2022 has brought the issue of professional regulation outside of the United States into sharp focus. This article offers a snapshot in time of professional recognition of behavior analysts in 21 European countries. It stems from the Erasmus+ funded EuroBA project and its Professional Advisory Group (PAG). The EuroBA project aims to develop common standards and competences for behavior analysts to facilitate national regulation and mutual recognition across Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nursel Ozkan
- ONPAC, Organisation Nationale des Professions de l’Analyse du Comportement, La Gaude, France
| | - Helene Abdelnour
- ONPAC, Organisation Nationale des Professions de l’Analyse du Comportement, La Gaude, France
| | - Magali Da Costa-Meranda
- ONPAC, Organisation Nationale des Professions de l’Analyse du Comportement, La Gaude, France
| | | | - Robert Mellon
- Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athina, Greece
| | | | - Alan Tennyson
- Irish Association for Behaviour Analysis, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shiri Ayvazo
- Kinneret Academic College, David Yellin Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alla Moskalets
- Ukrainian Association of Behavior Analysts, Mariupol, Ukraine
| | | |
Collapse
|
248
|
The indirect effect of self-compassion in the association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression: A cross-sectional study in autistic and non-autistic adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022:13623613221132109. [DOI: 10.1177/13623613221132109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study followed a pre-registered analysis plan with the aim to investigate whether autistic traits and self-compassion are correlated in autistic adults, and to test an indirect effect of autistic traits on anxiety/depression via self-compassion. We present the findings of an online survey of 456 participants ( n = 228 autistic adults, n = 228 non-autistic adults) who completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Lower self-compassion was reported by autistic participants compared to non-autistic participants, and a negative correlation was found between autistic traits and self-compassion in both groups. Furthermore, an indirect association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression via self-compassion was observed in both samples. Considering that many autistic people experience co-occurring anxiety and depression, and that self-compassion is a skill that can be cultivated with practice, the findings of this study suggest that self-compassion may be a modifiable factor that could improve the mental health of this population. Lay abstract Previous research on non-autistic adults suggests self-compassion may serve to reduce mental health problems and promote psychological well-being. Correlations between autistic traits and self-compassion have been observed in non-clinical populations. In this study, we were interested in extending previous research by exploring relationships between autistic traits, self-compassion and anxiety/depression in autistic adults without intellectual disability. The findings revealed that on average autistic people reported lower self-compassion than non-autistic people. Once we accounted for levels of self-compassion in our statistical model, this resulted in a complete loss of statistical significance in the relationships between autistic traits and anxiety/depression. Self-compassion may be a useful target for clinical intervention in autistic adults with co-occurring mental health difficulties.
Collapse
|
249
|
Blackmore CE, Woodhouse EL, Gillan N, Wilson E, Ashwood KL, Stoencheva V, Nolan A, McAlonan GM, Robertson DM, Whitwell S, Deeley Q, Craig MC, Zinkstok J, Wichers R, Spain D, Roberts G, Murphy DGM, Murphy CM, Daly E. Adults with autism spectrum disorder and the criminal justice system: An investigation of prevalence of contact with the criminal justice system, risk factors and sex differences in a specialist assessment service. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 26:2098-2107. [PMID: 35261275 PMCID: PMC9596951 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221081343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT There has been growing interest in offending and contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) by people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is not clear whether people with ASD offend more than those without ASD. Studies have started to look at whether there are particular offences people with ASD are more likely to commit and whether there are any factors that can affect whether someone comes into contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. This study looked at the patients who attended an ASD diagnostic service over a 17-year period to see the rate of contact with the CJS of those who were diagnosed with ASD and whether there were any particular factors that might increase the risk of CJS contact. Nearly a quarter of the ASD group had some contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. Factors that seemed to increase whether someone with ASD was more likely to have contact with the CJS were being male, being diagnosed with ADHD, and being diagnosed with psychosis. This study is one of the largest studies to investigate the rate of CJS contact as a potential suspect in a sample of adults with ASD in an attempt to give a clearer picture of what might influence someone with ASD to engage in offending behaviour in order to try to see what mental health services can offer to reduce the likelihood of someone with ASD coming into contact with the CJS, for example, treatment for another condition or support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma L Woodhouse
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Nicola Gillan
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ellie Wilson
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Karen L Ashwood
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - Grainne M McAlonan
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - Quinton Deeley
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Michael C Craig
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Janneke Zinkstok
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Wichers
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Debbie Spain
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ged Roberts
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, UK
| | - Declan GM Murphy
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
250
|
Kranenbarg MW, Gelder JLV, Barends AJ, de Vries RE. Is there a cybercriminal personality? Comparing cyber offenders and offline offenders on HEXACO personality domains and their underlying facets. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|