201
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Wang Q, Shang Z, Zuo C, Fan H, Xu C, Cai Z, Shi W. Proactive Personality and Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Career Aspiration and the Moderating Effect of Organizational Career Management. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:800. [PMID: 39336015 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As proactivity becomes vital for organizational success, retaining proactive employees becomes increasingly important, making the relationship between a proactive personality and turnover intention a key research topic. While existing studies have largely depicted turnover as a consequence of dissatisfaction and have identified negative indirect relationships, this study seeks to challenge that perspective by proposing that, in today's boundaryless career environment, people also engage in voluntary turnover for career advancement. Using a self-regulation career management model, we propose that proactive employees set ambitious career goals influenced by career aspirations, leading them to seek external opportunities and thus exhibit higher turnover intention. However, when organizations implement career management practices, this relationship weakens as proactive employees perceive opportunities to achieve their goals within their current organizations. We tested these hypotheses with a sample of 342 respondents using the SPSS macro PROCESS. The findings support our propositions, revealing a positive indirect effect through career aspirations, which diminishes when perceived organizational career management is strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- College of Business, Beijing Open University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhe Shang
- School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chenhui Zuo
- School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huaye Fan
- Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zijun Cai
- Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Labor and Economics, Remin University of China, Beijing 100875, China
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202
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Jones CW, Larson O, Basner M, Dinges DF. The dynamic responses of mood and sleep physiology to chronic sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae091. [PMID: 38602131 PMCID: PMC11381564 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy sleep of sufficient duration preserves mood and disturbed sleep is a risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders. As adults commonly experience chronic sleep restriction (SR), an enhanced understanding of the dynamic relationship between sleep and mood is needed, including whether susceptibility to SR-induced mood disturbance differs between sexes. To address these gaps, data from N = 221 healthy adults who completed one of the two multi-day laboratory studies with identical 9-day SR protocols were analyzed. Participants randomized to the SR (n = 205) condition underwent 5 nights of SR to 4 hours of time-in-bed and were then randomized to one of the seven sleep doses that ranged from 0 to 12 hours in 2 hours increments; participants randomized to the control (n = 16) condition received 10 hours time-in-bed on all study nights. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used to assess mood every 2 hours during wakefulness and markers of sleep homeostasis (EEG slow-wave activity (SWA)) were derived via polysomnography. Mood progressively deteriorated across SR with marked disturbances in somatic mood components. Altered sleep physiology contributed to mood disturbance whereby increased EEG SWA was associated with increased POMS Total Mood Disturbance scores, a finding specific to males. The mood was restored in a dose-response fashion where improvements were greater with longer sleep doses. These findings suggest that when lifestyle and environmental factors are inhibited in the laboratory, the affective consequences of chronic sleep loss are primarily somatic mood disturbances. Altered sleep homeostasis may contribute to mood disturbance, yet sleep-dependent mechanisms may be sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Jones
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Dinges
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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203
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Reed BN. From symptoms to solutions: A structured approach to alleviating burnout among critical care pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024; 81:851-859. [PMID: 38742704 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxae137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brent N Reed
- Organizational Science Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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204
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Goodhew SC, Edwards M. A meta-analysis on the relationship between subjective cognitive failures as measured by the cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and objective performance on executive function tasks. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02573-6. [PMID: 39249726 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) has been widely used as a measure of subjective cognitive function in everyday life for decades. However, the evidence on how it relates to objective performance on executive function tasks is mixed. One possible reason for these mixed results is that the CFQ has selective relationships with some aspects of executive function and not others. Here, therefore, we classified tasks according to an influential framework of executive functions-switching, updating, inhibition, and we also considered the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) as a category because it was custom designed to gauge cognitive failures. We synthesized a large body of available evidence and performed four Bayesian meta-analyses on the relationship between CFQ scores and objective performance on executive function tasks in these four categories. Results suggested that CFQ scores were associated with objective performance on SART (18 effect sizes, μ = -.19, BF10 = 18.03, i.e., 18.03 times more evidence of a relationship versus no relationship), updating working memory (49 effect sizes, μ = -.06, BF10 = 17.80), and inhibition tasks (41 effect sizes, μ = -.07, BF10 = 15.40), whereas there was not definitive evidence regarding switching (34 effect sizes, μ = -.06, BF10 = .50, i.e., two times greater evidence for no relationship). This suggests that subjective cognitive function can predict objective performance on at least some executive function tasks. We discuss methodological and theoretical factors that constrain the maximum observable correlation and consider the relative insights that subjective measures versus task performance provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Goodhew
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Mark Edwards
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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205
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Ying H, Han Y. How childhood psychological abuse affects adolescent cyberbullying: The chain mediating role of self-efficacy and psychological resilience. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309959. [PMID: 39250436 PMCID: PMC11383216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognition of the impact of childhood psychological abuse, self-efficacy, and psychological resilience on cyberbullying, there is still a gap in understanding the specific mechanisms through which childhood psychological abuse impacts cyberbullying via self-efficacy and psychological resilience. METHODS Based on the Social Cognitive Theory, this study aims to investigate the link between childhood psychological abuse and cyberbullying in adolescents, mediated by the sequential roles of self-efficacy and psychological resilience. The sample consisted of 891 students (M = 15.40, SD = 1.698) selected from four public secondary schools in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. All the participants filled in the structured self-report questionnaires on childhood psychological abuse, self-efficacy, psychological resilience, and cyberbullying. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS 24.0. RESULTS The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Childhood psychological abuse is positively associated with adolescent cyberbullying; (2) Self-efficacy plays a mediating role between childhood psychological abuse and adolescent cyberbullying; (3) Psychological resilience plays a mediating role between childhood psychological abuse and adolescent cyberbullying; (4) Self-efficacy and psychological resilience play a chain mediation role between childhood psychological abuse and adolescent cyberbullying. CONCLUSION This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking childhood psychological abuse to adolescent cyberbullying, shedding light on potential pathways for targeted interventions and support programs to promote the well-being of adolescents in the face of early adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Ying
- School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Computing, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Jiangsu, China
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206
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Liu Y, Li Y. Community participation and subjective perception of recovery and quality of life among people with serious mental illnesses: the mediating role of self-stigma. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02754-7. [PMID: 39249511 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Community participation is believed to be positively associated with recovery experiences and quality of life for people with serious mental illnesses (PSMIs). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the mediating effect of self-stigma on the relationship between community participation and personal recovery experiences and quality of life among PSMIs. METHODS Structural equation modeling and mediation analyses were conducted based on a community sample of 315 PSMIs in Beijing, China, who were surveyed using the Community Participation Domains Measure, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness, Recovery Assessment Scale, Quality of Life Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Most were in their middle age. About half were married, and half were females. Most participants got disability certificates. RESULTS The results indicate that community participation is directly associated with personal recovery of PSMIs (P < 0.01) and indirectly associated with personal recovery through the mediation of self-stigma (P < 0.01). Additionally, community participation does not have a direct effect on the quality of life of PSMIs but shows an indirect effect through the mediation of self-stigma (P < 0.01). The findings suggest that self-stigma mediates the relationship between community participation and both the subjective perception of recovery and quality of life. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that community participation for PSMIs should be enhanced. Tailored individual intervention services should be implemented to boost positive self-awareness and reduce self-stigma through active engagement in activities. Such participation has the potential to improve subjective experiences of recovery and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Social Security, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China.
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207
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Özbek T, Greisel M, Wekerle C, Gegenfurtner A, Kollar I. How do different goals affect students' internal collaboration script configurations? Results of an epistemic network analysis study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1410152. [PMID: 39315037 PMCID: PMC11416990 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1410152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research has suggested that how learners act in CSCL environments is considerably influenced by their internal collaboration scripts. These scripts are knowledge structures that reside in an individual's memory and consist of play, scene, scriptlet, and role components. In its "internal script configuration principle," the Script Theory of Guidance suggests that as learners work in a CSCL environment, these components are dynamically (re-)configured, and that this (re-)configuration is influenced by the goals of the individual learner. However, this principle has not yet been tested empirically. Methods In this study, upon entering a CSCL environment, we therefore experimentally manipulated the goals that students pursued while learning. In one condition, we induced learning goals while in the other condition, no goals were induced. A total of 233 pre-service teachers collaborated in dyads on the task to analyze an authentic, problematic classroom situation by aid of educational evidence. We measured their internal scripts both at pre-test (i.e., before collaboration and before goal induction) and post-test (i.e., after collaboration and goal induction), focusing on the scriptlet level. Results Results show that goal induction had no effects on the kinds of scriptlets participants selected during collaboration. However, results from Epistemic Network Analysis show that learning goal induction led to significantly different combinations of scriptlets (especially to more relations between scriptlets that are indicative of pursuing learning goals) than no goal induction. Furthermore, participants from the learning goal induction acquired significantly more knowledge about educational theories and evidence than students from the control condition. Conclusion This study is among the first to provide direct evidence for the internal script configuration principle and demonstrates the effectiveness of inducing learning goals as a scaffold to support students' knowledge acquisition processes in CSCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Özbek
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Greisel
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christina Wekerle
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gegenfurtner
- Department of Methods in Learning Research, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Kollar
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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208
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Trần HA, Cummings JA, Loehr JD. United agency in joint action: A survey study of its prevalence, facilitating factors, and social and emotional effects. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 250:104484. [PMID: 39255524 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
United agency refers to a sense of 'acting as one' that sometimes occurs when people engage in joint actions such as group music-making, dancing, and team sports. First-hand accounts of united agency have been reported in a variety of settings, but there exists little systematic evidence regarding when and why the sense of united agency arises. The current study addressed this gap using an online survey in which participants reported general information about their experiences of united agency as well as detailed descriptions of a single memorable experience. Most participants reported experiencing united agency at least occasionally, and those scoring higher on extraversion, agreeableness, and cognitive empathy experienced it more frequently. Memorable experiences of united agency were reported more often in joint actions characterized by synchronous or highly rhythmic coordination, salient shared goals, close or long-term relationships among co-performers, and small to medium group sizes. United agency was often accompanied by positive affect, feelings of alignment and social connection with co-performers, a sense of empowerment, and heightened attention. Together, these findings elucidate the individual characteristics and joint action features that facilitate united agency, shed light on its positive social and emotional consequences, and suggest important avenues for further work investigating its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoàng Anh Trần
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Jorden A Cummings
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Janeen D Loehr
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
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209
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Fieder M, Huber S. Genetic Predisposition of Different Social Status Indicators in Men and Women. Twin Res Hum Genet 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39248653 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2024.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Although there is evidence that social status has a genetic basis, it is less known whether the genetic predisposition differs between men and women as well as among different status indicators and whether there are any intercorrelations among predispositions of status indicators. We therefore investigated the genetic predisposition for different indicators of social status separately for men and women, using polygenic scores obtained from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. We used multivariate polygenic regression of 7 different social status indicators on a total of 24 different polygenic scores. We find that in both men and women, wages and education show more associations with polygenic scores than the other status indicators. Also, the genetic predispositions for education and wages are correlated in both men and women, whereas in men more than in women, the genetic predispositions seem to cluster into wages and education on the one hand, and status indicators of position in the hierarchy, on the other hand, with being in a management position somewhere in between. These findings are consistent with an assumption of two different forms of selection pressure associated with either cognitive skill or dominance, which holds true particularly in men. We conclude that the genetic predisposition to higher social status may have changed even though the importance of the cultural trait of social status may have been very constant. Social status may thus be an example of a social trait of constant importance, but with a changing genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fieder
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Huber
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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210
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Brunyé TT, Goring SA, Cantelon JA, Eddy MD, Elkin-Frankston S, Elmore WR, Giles GE, Hancock CL, Masud SB, McIntyre J, McKenzie KL, Mitchell KB, O’Donovan MP, Racicot K, Ramsay JW. Trait-level predictors of human performance outcomes in personnel engaged in stressful laboratory and field tasks. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1449200. [PMID: 39315045 PMCID: PMC11418282 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1449200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personnel performance under stress hinges on various factors, including individual traits, training, context, mental and physiological states, and task demands. This study explored the link between the traits of military personnel and their performance outcomes in five domains: move, shoot, communicate, navigate, and sustain. Methods A total of 387 U.S. Army soldiers participated in this study, undergoing trait assessments covering physical, cognitive, social-emotional, demographic/lifestyle, and health domains. Performance was measured through lab and field events assessing a broad range of individual and team-level skills under conditions demanding resilience to acute cognitive and physical stress exposure. Analysis used feature selection and elastic net regression. Results Analyses revealed complex associations between traits and performance, with physical, cognitive, health-related, social-emotional, and lifestyle traits playing roles in guiding and constraining performance. Measures of resilience, emotion regulation, grit, and mindfulness were identified as relevant predictors of several performance-related outcomes. Discussion Results carry implications for the selection, training, and operational effectiveness of personnel in high-stakes occupations including military and first response. Further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying these associations and inform targeted interventions to boost personnel effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad T. Brunyé
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Sara Anne Goring
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Julie A. Cantelon
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Marianna D. Eddy
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Seth Elkin-Frankston
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Wade R. Elmore
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Grace E. Giles
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | | | - Shoaib Bin Masud
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - James McIntyre
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - John W. Ramsay
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
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211
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Xu Y, Feng J, Rahman Q. Gender nonconformity and common mental health problems: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 114:102500. [PMID: 39260105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
We tested the association between gender nonconformity and common mental health outcomes, including generalized anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, self-harm attempts, and suicide attempts using an exhaustive meta-analysis. PsycInfo, ProQuest Central, EBSCOhost, and PubMed were searched for eligible articles using either cross-sectional or longitudinal designs on 11th July 2024. A total number of 1975 articles were identified and selected following PRISMA. Twenty-five, 48, 32, seven, and nine studies were included on generalized anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, self-harm attempts, and suicide attempts, reaching a total sample size of 142,069, 188,681, 27,488, 47,523, and 25,573, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model stratified by mental health outcomes. We found that higher levels of gender nonconformity were associated with higher levels of generalized anxiety (r = 0.06) and depressive symptoms (r = 0.11), lower levels of self-esteem (r = 0.18), and increased risk of self-harm (r = 0.17) and suicide attempts (r = 0.14). Gender nonconformity had stronger links to generalized anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem in men than in women. Behaviors-based gender nonconformity showed stronger links to depressive symptoms and self-esteem compared to traits-based gender nonconformity. The effect size for the association between gender nonconformity and depressive symptoms was significantly larger in adolescent samples than in childhood samples. There was no significant moderation by sexual orientation. While gender nonconformity is robustly associated with a range of common mental health problems, the magnitude of this association varies depending on the specific mental health outcomes considered and sex. Interventions to mitigate mental health differences and improve overall well-being among individuals who display greater gender nonconformity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- Department of Sociology & Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinghao Feng
- Department of Sociology & Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qazi Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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212
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Monchy N, Modolo J, Houvenaghel JF, Voytek B, Duprez J. Changes in electrophysiological aperiodic activity during cognitive control in Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae306. [PMID: 39301291 PMCID: PMC11411214 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease are common and can significantly affect patients' quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to identify a signature derived from behavioural and/or neuroimaging indicators that could predict which patients are at increased risk for early and rapid cognitive decline. Recently, converging evidence identified that aperiodic activity of the EEG reflects meaningful physiological information associated with age, development, cognitive and perceptual states or pathologies. In this study, we aimed to investigate aperiodic activity in Parkinson's disease during cognitive control and characterize its possible association with behaviour. Here, we recorded high-density EEG in 30 healthy controls and 30 Parkinson's disease patients during a Simon task. We analysed task-related behavioural data in the context of the activation-suppression model and extracted aperiodic parameters (offset, exponent) at both scalp and source levels. Our results showed lower behavioural performances in cognitive control as well as higher offsets in patients in the parieto-occipital areas, suggesting increased excitability in Parkinson's disease. A small congruence effect on aperiodic parameters in pre- and post-central brain areas was also found, possibly associated with task execution. Significant differences in aperiodic parameters between the resting-state, pre- and post-stimulus phases were seen across the whole brain, which confirmed that the observed changes in aperiodic activity are linked to task execution. No correlation was found between aperiodic activity and behaviour or clinical features. Our findings provide evidence that EEG aperiodic activity in Parkinson's disease is characterized by greater offsets, and that aperiodic parameters differ depending on arousal state. However, our results do not support the hypothesis that the behaviour-related differences observed in Parkinson's disease are related to aperiodic changes. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering aperiodic activity contributions in brain disorders and further investigating the relationship between aperiodic activity and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Monchy
- LTSI-U1099, University of Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Julien Modolo
- LTSI-U1099, University of Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Jean-François Houvenaghel
- LTSI-U1099, University of Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
- Department of Neurology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Bradley Voytek
- Department of Cognitive Science, Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joan Duprez
- LTSI-U1099, University of Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
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213
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Cao J, Zhong L, Liu D, Zhang G, Shang M. Offense and defense between streamers and customers in live commerce marketing: Protection motivation and information overload. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305585. [PMID: 39240886 PMCID: PMC11379157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
While live commerce provides consumers with a new shopping experience, it also leads them to experience shopping failures and to develop a self-protection mechanism to prevent wrong purchases. To address this issue, merchants have attempted to explore new marketing methods for live commerce, giving rise to an offense and defense game between streamers and consumers. In this study, we sought to confirm the effectiveness of consumer protection mechanisms and the impact of streamers' information overload marketing strategy in live commerce. Accordingly, we constructed a hypothetical model based on protection motive theory and information overload theory. In addition, we analyzed the data from the simulated live streaming marketing on seven hundred people through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results indicate that product utilitarian value uncertainty, consumers' experiential efficacy, and response costs, which are the main factors in the formation of consumer protection mechanisms, influence consumers' intention to stop their purchases. Streamers can circumvent consumer self-protection mechanisms through information overload marketing by reducing utilitarian value uncertainty and consumers' experiential efficacy and increasing consumers' response costs. However, consumers would be able to rebuild their self-protection mechanism through consumer resilience, which moderates the effects of information overload. This study's results provide important theoretical perspectives and new ideas for formulating marketing strategies for live commerce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Cao
- School of Business, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhong
- School of Business, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Business, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- School of Business, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Meng Shang
- School of Flight, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
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214
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Liu Y, Tan D, Wang P, Xiao T, Wang X, Zhang T. Physical activity moderated the mediating effect of self-control between bullying victimization and mobile phone addiction among college students. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20855. [PMID: 39242798 PMCID: PMC11379861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and mobile phone addiction (MPA) among college students, taking into consideration the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of physical activity. A self-report survey was administered to college students from 4 universities in Guangxi, Liaoning, and Hunan provinces in China. Participants were asked to report their experiences of bullying victimization, level of MPA, self-control, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Mediation and moderation models were subsequently established to examine the relationships between variables. The results indicated a positive correlation between bullying victimization and MPA among college students. Additionally, bullying victimization was negatively correlated with self-control. Bullying victimization significantly predicted MPA, and self-control partially mediated this relationship. Furthermore, physical activity moderated the association between bullying victimization and self-control among college students. The findings suggest that self-control plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between bullying victimization and MPA among college students. Moreover, physical activity weakens the association between bullying victimization and self-control. Therefore, promoting physical activity to reduce MPA among college students who have experienced bullying victimization is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China.
| | - Dan Tan
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
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Turunç Ö, Çalışkan A, Akkoç İ, Köroğlu Ö, Gürsel G, Demirci A, Hazır K, Özcanarslan N. The Impact of Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Burnout Levels on Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:782. [PMID: 39335998 PMCID: PMC11428229 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the relationship between burnout levels among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, turnover intention, and the mediating role of psychological resilience. METHODS This survey design was used to collect data from 228 ICU nurses from hospitals in Turkey. The study utilized self-report questionnaires to measure burnout levels, turnover intention, and psychological resilience. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. RESULTS In the study, a positive relationship between burnout and turnover intention and burnout and psychological resilience is significant (p ≤ 0.001). However, psychological resilience was not found to have a mediating role, indicating that other factors or variables may play a more substantial role in the relation found between burnout and turnover intention. Also, the research model's Standardized Root Mean Square Residual is expected to be less than 0.10 for the model to have an acceptable fit. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that levels of burnout among ICU nurses may have significant consequences on turnover intention. However, promoting resilience cannot help diminish the negative effects of burnout on turnover intention. The findings highlight the importance of burnout levels in nursing by synthesizing findings from the previous literature. Then, focusing on the concepts of turnover intention and psychological resilience, it explains the importance of these concepts in the Intensive Care Unit nurses and their relationships with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Turunç
- Business Administration Department, Faculty of Economic, Administrative and Social Sciences, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07110, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Çalışkan
- Health Management Department, School of Health Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
| | - İrfan Akkoç
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Tınaztepe University, İzmir 35400, Turkey
| | - Özlem Köroğlu
- Health Management Department, School of Health Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
| | - Güney Gürsel
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Demirci
- Department of International Trade and Logistics, Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
| | - Köksal Hazır
- Department of International Trade and Logistics, Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Özcanarslan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
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216
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Gil-Beltrán E, Coo C, Meneghel I, Llorens S, Salanova M. How physical exercise with others and prioritizing positivity contribute to (work) wellbeing: a cross-sectional and diary multilevel study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1437974. [PMID: 39308893 PMCID: PMC11412860 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1437974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This work is a dual study employing a cross-sectional approach and a diary method to investigate how physical exercise can become a habit. Guided by the Upward Spiral Theory of Lifestyle Change, we examined the role of prioritizing positivity and engaging in physical exercise with others as advantageous resources and their impact on the relational loop of physical exercise behavior, emotions, and engagement. Methods The first study involved a sample of 553 participants, and the second study included 146 participants, all of whom were employed and regularly engaged in physical exercise. We utilized structural equation modeling and multilevel analysis for the respective studies. Results The results of the first study indicate that individuals exercise more when they experience higher levels of engagement and positive emotions, particularly when exercising with others and prioritizing positivity. The findings of the second study reveal that prioritizing positivity acts as a precursor to positive emotions during physical exercise, which in turn reinforces the relational loop between emotions and exercise behavior. Discussion Both studies conclude that individuals who prioritize positivity experience better psychological wellbeing and higher engagement in physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabella Meneghel
- Area of Psychology and Mental Health, Universidad Internacional de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Llorens
- WANT Research Team, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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217
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Cavallari E, Setti I, Curcuruto M, Gremita C, Sommovigo V. Italian Version of the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale-Users: Initial Psychometric Evaluation among Hospital Healthcare Professionals. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1787. [PMID: 39273811 PMCID: PMC11395445 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12171787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals frequently encounter various forms of aggression, ranging from verbal abuse to physical assaults, which can compromise both their occupational well-being and patient-care quality. Despite its prevalence and serious consequences, workplace aggression is often underreported due to a lack of standardized assessment tools. This study aims to develop a valid Italian version of the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale-Users. METHODS The scale's structure was evaluated using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses on two samples of healthcare professionals during and after the pandemic. Reliability, measurement invariance, and nomological validity were examined. RESULTS EFA revealed a two-factor structure comprising eight items (χ2 = 59.651, df = 13, p = 0.00; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.07; SRMR = 0.02), distinguishing non-physical and physical aggression, and meeting all recommended criteria. CFA confirmed this structure, demonstrating good reliability and outperforming alternative models. The same factor structure was confirmed in standard (χ2 = 35.01, df = 19, p = 0.00; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.03; SRMR = 0.02) and emergency (χ2 = 30.65, df = 19, p = 0.04; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.04) contexts. Full residual invariance was found across job tenure groups. Aggression was positively associated with emotional exhaustion, psychological distance, psychosomatic symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and turnover intentions while negatively related to job satisfaction. Nurses and healthcare assistants reported higher levels of aggression than doctors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a reliable, context-specific instrument for documenting and analysing outsider aggression. The insights can inform targeted interventions, contributing to a healthier hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cavallari
- Unit of Applied Psychology, Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Setti
- Unit of Applied Psychology, Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Curcuruto
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, 00163 Rome, Italy
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218
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Koetke J, Schumann K, Welker K, Coleman PT. Intellectual humility is reliably associated with constructive responses to conflict. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309848. [PMID: 39240981 PMCID: PMC11379209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Conflict is a ubiquitous, but potentially destructive, feature of social life. In the current research, we argue that intellectual humility-the awareness of one's intellectual fallibility-plays an important role in promoting constructive responses and decreasing destructive responses to conflict in different contexts. In Study 1, we examine the role of intellectual humility in interpersonal conflicts with friends and family members. In Study 2, we extend this finding to workplace conflicts. In both studies we find that intellectual humility predicts more constructive and less destructive responses to conflict. This work extends the burgeoning literature on the benefits of intellectual humility by demonstrating its association with responses that help defuse conflictual encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Koetke
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karina Schumann
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keith Welker
- Constructive Dialogue Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter T Coleman
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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219
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Paran M, Almog A, Dreznik Y, Nesher N, Kravarusic D. A New Era in Medical Information: ChatGPT Outperforms Medical Information Provided by Online Information Sheets About Congenital Malformations. J Pediatr Surg 2024:161894. [PMID: 39317571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.161894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ChatGPT has demonstrated notable capabilities and has gained popularity in various medical tasks, including patient education. This study evaluates the content and readability of ChatGPT's responses to parents' questions about congenital anomalies. METHODS Information on four congenital anomalies (congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, anorectal malformation, and gastroschisis) was assessed. Seven questions frequently asked by parents were posed for each anomaly, and responses generated by GPT-4 were compared to online information sheets from three top pediatric medical centers. Two senior pediatric surgeons, blinded to the source, evaluated the answers based on accuracy, comprehensiveness, and conciseness. Reading time and readability of the answers were also assessed. RESULTS ChatGPT answered all 28 questions, while online information sheets varied in completeness. ChatGPT's responses were rated significantly higher regarding full accuracy, comprehensiveness, and conciseness compared to the online information sheets (p < 0.00001, <0.00001, 0.0002, respectively). Despite having longer reading times and more challenging to read, ChatGPT's responses were more precise and detailed. CONCLUSIONS ChatGPT outperforms online information sheets in providing accurate, comprehensive, and concise answers about congenital anomalies. This positions ChatGPT as a beneficial supplementary resource in pediatric healthcare. Future research should explore real-world applications and usability among parents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Paran
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Anastasia Almog
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Dreznik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Nesher
- Department of English Literature and Linguistics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dragan Kravarusic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Weaving M, Gelfand MJ. Majority rule: Do minorities live in 'tighter' social worlds? Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 60:101885. [PMID: 39342793 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Exploring social norms through a diversity perspective, this review examines whether minorities live in 'tighter' worlds, wherein they are subject to stricter rules and punishments. Integrating research from psychology, economics, and organizational behavior, we first examine whether minorities are more likely to have tightness imposed on them-i.e., receive more monitoring and harsher penalties in response to norm violations, compared to their majority counterparts. Turning to the subjective experience of minority group members, we explore whether minorities are calibrated to these penalties and experience greater lived tightness-the feeling of being chronically surveilled, judged harshly, and fearing excessive punishment for wrongdoing. We suggest that both imposed and lived tightness contributes to power inequalities and patterns of segregation. This framework helps to organize disparate research streams investigating minorities' experience of social norms, and highlights unanswered questions about when, and why, minority group members feel more constrained by social rules, as well as the consequences of these experiences for their economic and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Weaving
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Michele J Gelfand
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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221
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McMonagle C, Rasmussen S, Rooney R, Elliott MA. Predicting adherence to ankle-foot orthoses in people with stroke: An application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Prosthet Orthot Int 2024:00006479-990000000-00262. [PMID: 39240045 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are often prescribed for people with stroke to address motor impairment. However, not all patients adhere to using their AFOs as prescribed. Predictors of AFO adherence are likely to constitute useful targets for interventions that aim to promote this behavior. OBJECTIVE To identify the predictors of AFO adherence in people with stroke using an established theoretical framework, namely the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991). STUDY DESIGN Prospective survey design. METHOD N = 49 people who had been prescribed an AFO after a stroke completed a TPB questionnaire. One month later, they completed another questionnaire that measured adherence to AFOs as prescribed by an orthotic practitioner. Predictors of intention and AFO-adherence behavior were identified using regression analyses. RESULTS Adherence to AFOs was 63%. The TPB accounted for 61% of the variance in intentions and 43% of the variance in AFO-adherence behavior. Attitude and perceived behavioral control were predictors of intention, and intention was the sole predictor of behavior. CONCLUSION The TPB is a useful model for explaining adherence to AFOs in people with stroke. Interventions could be designed to increase intentions to use an AFO as prescribed by promoting positive attitudes towards, and perceived behavioral control of AFO adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine McMonagle
- National Centre for Prosthetics and Orthotics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Rasmussen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mark A Elliott
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Incerti Parenti S, Bartolucci ML, Biondi E, Maglioni A, Corazza G, Gracco A, Alessandri-Bonetti G. Online Patient Education in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: ChatGPT versus Google Search. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1781. [PMID: 39273804 PMCID: PMC11394980 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12171781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread implementation of artificial intelligence technologies provides an appealing alternative to traditional search engines for online patient healthcare education. This study assessed ChatGPT-3.5's capabilities as a source of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) information, using Google Search as a comparison. Ten frequently searched questions related to OSA were entered into Google Search and ChatGPT-3.5. The responses were assessed by two independent researchers using the Global Quality Score (GQS), Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), DISCERN instrument, CLEAR tool, and readability scores (Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level). ChatGPT-3.5 significantly outperformed Google Search in terms of GQS (5.00 vs. 2.50, p < 0.0001), DISCERN reliability (35.00 vs. 29.50, p = 0.001), and quality (11.50 vs. 7.00, p = 0.02). The CLEAR tool scores indicated that ChatGPT-3.5 provided excellent content (25.00 vs. 15.50, p < 0.001). PEMAT scores showed higher understandability (60-91% vs. 44-80%) and actionability for ChatGPT-3.5 (0-40% vs. 0%). Readability analysis revealed that Google Search responses were easier to read (FRE: 56.05 vs. 22.00; FKGL: 9.00 vs. 14.00, p < 0.0001). ChatGPT-3.5 delivers higher quality and more comprehensive OSA information compared to Google Search, although its responses are less readable. This suggests that while ChatGPT-3.5 can be a valuable tool for patient education, efforts to improve readability are necessary to ensure accessibility and utility for all patients. Healthcare providers should be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of various healthcare information resources and emphasize the importance of critically evaluating online health information, advising patients on its reliability and relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Incerti Parenti
- Unit of Orthodontics and Sleep Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Lavinia Bartolucci
- Unit of Orthodontics and Sleep Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biondi
- Unit of Orthodontics and Sleep Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maglioni
- Unit of Orthodontics and Sleep Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Corazza
- Unit of Orthodontics and Sleep Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Gracco
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, Department of Neurosciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri-Bonetti
- Unit of Orthodontics and Sleep Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
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Lantz E, Nilsson B, Elmqvist C, Fridlund B, Svensson A. Experiences and actions of part-time firefighters' family members: a critical incident study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e086170. [PMID: 39237281 PMCID: PMC11381642 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences and actions of part-time firefighters' family members in rural areas in Sweden. DESIGN The study had an inductive descriptive design and used the critical incident technique. SETTING Rural areas, primarily served by a part-time fire station, across Sweden. PARTICIPANTS The study included 25 participants (21 females and 4 males) with experiences of being a family member of a part-time firefighter. Family members who themselves served as firefighters were excluded. RESULTS Being a part-time firefighter's family member was described into three main areas of experiences: 'affecting everyday life', 'dealing with uncertainty' and 'being in this together'. Actions taken were divided into two main areas: 'pursuing adaptations' and 'alleviating difficulties'. CONCLUSIONS Family members of part-time firefighters faced increased responsibility at home, managing personal inconvenience and frustration. They offered emotional support for the firefighter, however, expressing a need for guidance on handling firefighters' emotions and mental health after call-outs. Despite their crucial role, they often felt unrecognised by the fire and rescue service. Nonetheless, they took pride in their firefighter's contribution to the community and noted positive impacts on the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Lantz
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Research School for Doctoral Students within the Swedish Rescue Services, The Swedish Fire Research Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
- West Blekinge Fire and Rescue Service, Karlshamn, Sweden
- Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nilsson
- Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Agunnaryd Voluntary Fire Brigade, Ljungby, Sweden
| | - Carina Elmqvist
- Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Vaxjo, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fridlund
- Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Anders Svensson
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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Li WD, Zhang X, Yu K, Zhu Y, Du N, Song Z, Fan Q. A genome-wide association study of occupational creativity and its relations with well-being and career success. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1092. [PMID: 39237691 PMCID: PMC11377709 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Creativity is one defining characteristic of human species. There have been mixed findings on how creativity relates to well-being, and little is known about its relationship with career success. We conduct a large-scale genome-wide association study to examine the genetic architecture of occupational creativity, and its genetic correlations with well-being and career success. The SNP-h2 estimates range from 0.08 (for managerial creativity) to 0.22 (for artistic creativity). We record positive genetic correlations between occupational creativity with autism, and positive traits and well-being variables (e.g., physical height, and low levels of neuroticism, BMI, and non-cancer illness). While creativity share positive genetic overlaps with indicators of high career success (i.e., income, occupational status, and job satisfaction), it also has a positive genetic correlation with age at first birth and a negative genetic correlation with number of children, indicating creativity-related genes may reduce reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dong Li
- Department of Management, CUHK Business School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Human Resource Management, School of Business, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaili Yu
- Department of Management, CUHK Business School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimo Zhu
- Department of Management and Organization, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nianyao Du
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaoli Song
- Department of Management and Organization, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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de Barcellos MD, Perin MG, Lähteenmäki L, Grunert KG. Cooking readiness in stressful times: Navigating food choices for a healthier future. Appetite 2024; 203:107652. [PMID: 39241832 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Food choice is a complex function of preferences and combines a myriad of food-related factors, such as biological, economic, physical, social, and psychological determinants. People's food choices directly affect their health and can have both positive and negative outcomes. For instance, the pandemic may have presented an opportunity to cook more at home, eventually resulting in dietary benefits, health improvements, and reduced stress. Conversely, adverse behavioral, psychological, and physical outcomes, such as overeating, have also been associated with stressful situations. Therefore, the aim of this study is twofold: first, to propose "cooking readiness" as a higher-order construct, in which 'food literacy' and 'cooking skills' correspond to the capability, 'cooking attitudes' reflect the motivation, and the variable 'COVID-19 restrictions' represent the opportunity for consumers to cook and consume healthier food at home. Furthermore, as the pandemic scenario was imposed and caused changes in mental health and emotional mood, the second objective is to explore the relationship between cooking readiness and stress levels in consumers' choices for nutritionally recommended (or non-recommended) food. Cross-country data (Brazil, Denmark) from 1074 consumers was analyzed using structural equation modeling. This study confirms cooking readiness as a higher-order construct, integrating food literacy, cooking skills, and cooking attitudes with pandemic-induced opportunities. Cooking readiness is crucial in promoting healthier eating habits, particularly in Brazil. The stronger tradition of healthier eating in Denmark may mitigate the impact of cooking readiness on reducing non-recommended food consumption. The varying effects of stress on food choices between the two countries underscore the need for tailored public health strategies that consider cultural differences and existing dietary habits. Promoting cooking skills and food literacy, particularly in times of crisis, can be instrumental in supporting healthier food choices and improving public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Dutra de Barcellos
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Washington Luiz 855, Porto Alegre, RS, 90010-460, Brazil; Ghent University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Marcelo Gatermann Perin
- FGV EAESP, Department of Marketing, Av. 9 de Julho, 2029, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, 01313-902, Brazil.
| | - Liisa Lähteenmäki
- Aarhus University, Dept of Management, MAPP Centre, Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Klaus G Grunert
- Aarhus University, Dept of Management, MAPP Centre, Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Anvari F, Billinger S, Analytis PP, Franco VR, Marchiori D. Testing the convergent validity, domain generality, and temporal stability of selected measures of people's tendency to explore. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7721. [PMID: 39231941 PMCID: PMC11375013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the ubiquity of exploration in everyday life, researchers from many disciplines have developed methods to measure exploratory behaviour. There are therefore many ways to quantify and measure exploration. However, it remains unclear whether the different measures (i) have convergent validity relative to one another, (ii) capture a domain general tendency, and (iii) capture a tendency that is stable across time. In a sample of 678 participants, we found very little evidence of convergent validity for the behavioural measures (Hypothesis 1); most of the behavioural measures lacked sufficient convergent validity with one another or with the self-reports. In psychometric modelling analyses, we could not identify a good fitting model with an assumed general tendency to explore (Hypothesis 2); the best fitting model suggested that the different behavioural measures capture behaviours that are specific to the tasks. In a subsample of 254 participants who completed the study a second time, we found that the measures had stability across an 1 month timespan (Hypothesis 3). Therefore, although there were stable individual differences in how people approached each task across time, there was no generalizability across tasks, and drawing broad conclusions about exploratory behaviour from studies using these tasks may be problematic. The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 2nd December 2022 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21717407.v1 . The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/64QJU .
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Anvari
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Strategic Organization Design group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Billinger
- Strategic Organization Design group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pantelis P Analytis
- Strategic Organization Design group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vithor Rosa Franco
- Postgraduate Program of Psychology, São Francisco University, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Davide Marchiori
- Strategic Organization Design group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Oki Y, Osaki T, Kumagai R, Murata S, Encho H, Ono R, Yasuda H, Kowa H. An 18-month multimodal intervention trial for preventing dementia: J-MINT PRIME Tamba. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39229900 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people with dementia is increasing in Japan, and establishing evidence for preventing dementia is necessary. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial in cognitively normal community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 85 with diabetes and/or hypertension. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group underwent 90 min of group-based weekly physical exercise, cognitive training, nutritional counseling, and vascular risk management for 18 months. The primary endpoint was the change in a cognitive composite score calculated by averaging the z-scores of seven neuropsychological tests from baseline to 18 months. RESULTS We randomly assigned 203 participants to two groups, and 178 (87.7%) completed the 18-month follow-up. There was a significant group difference in the cognitive composite score change at 18 months (mean difference 0.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.04 to 0.27; p = 0.009). DISCUSSION An 18-month multimodal intervention for older adults at risk of dementia could improve their cognitive function. The trial was registered in the Clinical Trial Registration System (UMIN000041938). HIGHLIGHTS Japan-Multimodal Intervention Trial for Prevention of Dementia (J-MINT) PRIME Tamba was a randomized controlled trial to prevent dementia. We provided a multifactorial intervention based on the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) trial methodology. The primary outcome, the cognitive composite score, improved with our intervention. Executive function/processing speed and memory improved in the intervention group. Intervention adherence was high, and no serious adverse events occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Oki
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tohmi Osaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kumagai
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Murata
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Haruhi Encho
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisafumi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisatomo Kowa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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228
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Wu W, Hao W, Zeng G, Du W. From personality types to social labels: the impact of using MBTI on social anxiety among Chinese youth. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1419492. [PMID: 39295764 PMCID: PMC11408848 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1419492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) gains popularity among Chinese young people, it has undergone a gradual transition from being perceived as a personality assessment tool to being regarded as a social label. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether the use of the MBTI as a social label has an impact on social anxiety among Chinese youth groups. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on social media platforms to recruit Chinese youth aged 18 to 35. A total of 247 males and 222 females participated in the study, and the data was analyzed quantitatively using SPSS software and the Process macro plugin. Results The study found no strong correlation between MBTI as a social label and social anxiety. Moreover, this study introduced ego identity, belonging, and impression management as mediating variables and found that, under the influence of ego identity and impression management, the use of MBTI has a significant impact on social anxiety. Discussion The research reveals the complex role of MBTI among Chinese youth and provides a new perspective for understanding the impact of online social labels on the mental health of youth groups. Of course, this study also has limitations in terms of sample size and variable control. Future research should expand the sample size, introduce more potential influencing factors, and further validate and expand the existing conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhu Hao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao Zeng
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Du
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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229
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Elamin AM, Aldabbas H, Ahmed AZE. The impact of diversity management on innovative work behavior: the mediating role of employee engagement in an emerging economy. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1441109. [PMID: 39296943 PMCID: PMC11409521 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1441109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
This study explored how diversity management fuels innovative employee behavior in the United Arab Emirates' (UAE) emerging economy. Surveying 120 individuals from various service organizations, the research found a strong connection between diversity initiatives, and employee engagement, ultimately leading to more innovative practices. Diversity management directly impacts employee engagement, which in turn significantly influence innovative work behaviors. Interestingly, employee engagement fully mediates the relationship between diversity and innovation. These findings highlight the crucial role of diversity management in fostering a culture of innovation. Organizations can leverage this by investing in training by equipping employees with skills to effectively engage across diverse teams as well as promoting inclusivity through cultivating a work environment that values and respects differences, fostering open communication and collaboration. By implementing these recommendations, organizations can harness the power of diverse perspectives to drive innovation and gain a competitive edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Elamin
- Department of Management, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem Aldabbas
- Department of Management, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Zain Elabdin Ahmed
- Department of Management, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
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230
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Patterer AS, Keller AC, Woharcik K, Kühnel J. Daily use of self-leadership strategies and employee work engagement while working from home and the office. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20558. [PMID: 39232025 PMCID: PMC11375214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Employees' work engagement may vary by work location (office vs. home office), assuming that working at home requires greater self-regulation. Hence, self-leadership may play an important role when employees work at home. The present study investigates whether employees use self-leadership strategies (self-goal setting, self-reward, self-punishment, self-cueing, and visualization of successful performance) more often on home days than on office days. We also examine how these strategies are related to daily work engagement, and whether they are more effective for promoting work engagement depending on the work location. One hundred and one employees completed daily questionnaires on office and home days, resulting in 514 observations. Multilevel analyses revealed that employees reported higher use of self-goal setting, self-reward, and visualization on home days than on office days. Furthermore, we found that applying these strategies was positively related to day-specific work engagement. Nevertheless, self-cueing had no effect and self-punishment was detrimental to work engagement. Moreover, we found no support for the idea that the effectiveness of self-leadership strategies for promoting work engagement depends on the work location. These findings contribute to our understanding of self-leadership strategies promoting work engagement on home and office days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita C Keller
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jana Kühnel
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Psychology and Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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231
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Asante K. To Speak Up or Not to Speak Up, Organisational and Individual Antecedents That Undergird This Behaviour in Resource Constrained Region. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39230255 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the organisational (i.e., perceived organisational support and psychologically safe environment) and individual (i.e., value, belief and norm) antecedents that strengthen healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour in a developing economy. DESIGN The study uses a cross-sectional design to gather the same data from healthcare workers within the Ashanti Region of Ghana. METHODS The data collection happened between 15 June and 30 August 2023. A sample of 380 healthcare workers was selected from 20 facilities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A configurational approach, a fussy-set qualitative comparative analysis, was used to identify the configurations that caused high and low speaking-up behaviour among the study sample. RESULTS The study results reveal that whereas four configurations generate high speaking-up behaviour, three configurations, by contrast, produce low speaking-up behaviour among healthcare workers. CONCLUSION Results suggest that in so far as organisational support systems which take the form of a psychologically safe environment and perceived organisational support are vital in relaxing the hierarchical boundaries in a healthcare setting to improve healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour, the individual value-based factors that take the form of values, beliefs and norms are indispensable as it provides the healthcare workers with the necessary inner drive to regard speaking-up behaviour on patient safety and care as a moral duty. IMPACT Healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour is better achieved when organisational support systems complement the individual norms, values and beliefs of the individual. REPORTING METHOD Adhered to Strengthening Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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232
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Ding Y, Zhang H, Hu Z, Sun Y, Wang Y, Ding B, Yue G, He Y. Perceived Social Support and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Hypertensive Patients: A Latent Profile Analysis and the Role of Delay Discounting and Living Alone. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:2125-2139. [PMID: 39246592 PMCID: PMC11380862 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s476633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hypertensive individuals has emerged as a significant public health issue. However, current research has ignored the individual heterogeneity of perceived social support (PSS) among hypertensive patients. The potential mechanism of delay discounting (DD), living alone, and PSS on HRQoL remains unclear, and further exploration is required. Aim This study aimed to ascertain PSS profiles among hypertensive patients and examine the hypotheses that DD mediates the relationship between PSS and HRQoL and that this mediating process is moderated by living alone in hypertensive patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Jiangsu, China. In total, 1815 hypertensive patients completed socio-demographic and HRQoL questionnaires, a PSS scale, and a DD task. Data analyses included a latent profile analysis, χ2-test, Spearman correlation analysis, and PROCESS macro for regression analysis. Results Four potential PSS profiles were identified: lowest (3.2%), moderate-low (26.6%), moderate-high (42.4%), and highest (27.8%). DD mediated the association between PSS and HRQoL. The first half of this mediating process was moderated by living alone. Conclusion Our findings indicated that PSS, DD, and living alone significantly influence the HRQoL of individuals with hypertension. Healthcare professionals should consider variations in PSS among hypertensive patients and implement interventions to reduce DD by enhancing PSS, in order to improve the HRQoL of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Ding
- Institute of Medical Humanities, School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Humanities, School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Hu
- Institute of Medical Humanities, School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Sun
- Institute of Medical Humanities, School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Yue
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- Institute of Medical Humanities, School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Social Risk Management of Major Public Health Events (Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Universities in Jiangsu), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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233
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Moon YK, O'Brien KE, Beehr TA, Lee JH. A Historical Review of the Prevalence of Job Stress Theories. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241281815. [PMID: 39228223 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241281815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Job stress theories have been developed and refined to better understand employee wellbeing. Now that the field is maturing, it is appropriate to review the theoretical trends and developments for future research and practical guidance. The current paper provides a historical review, with both objective (i.e., counts of published theories) and subjective evaluation of job stress theory. In Study 1, two trained raters coded theories used in job stress journals. The job demand-control (-support; JDCS) model was initially well-represented, but has been superseded more recently by theories that focus on multiple resources (e.g., the job demand-resource - JDR - model). Among non-job stress theories, motivation and affective theories have been well-represented within job stress research. Study 2 expanded the results of Study 1 through review of two international applied psychology journals with additional coding categories. Specifically, we identified empirical support for theories and researcher characteristics (i.e., national and professional affiliation). The JDCS model had the least full support according to a vote counting method, and resource models (e.g., JDR) the most. Germany and the Netherlands were the most represented locations, with the United States having the most international collaborations. Psychology and management were the most represented affiliations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Moon
- Department of Psychology, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly E O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Terry A Beehr
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Republic of Korea
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234
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Li Z, Aoki T. Effects of recalling place memory on promoting cooperative behaviors in local communities. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39226583 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to develop a theoretical model that explores the influence of recalling place memory on cooperative behaviors in local communities. METHODS Five hundred ninety-five Japanese residents (mean age = 49.75 years) participated in an online survey, in which they received one of the three interventions: (1) positive memory; (2) neutral memory and (3) negative memory. Participants were instructed to recall their place memories within their living areas and provide ratings for their place attachment, emotional valence, perceived self-interest, and willingness to engage in cooperative behaviors. RESULTS The results revealed that individuals who recalled positive-valenced place memories exhibited a higher willingness to engage in cooperative behaviors. Additionally, this study reveals the previously unreported mediating role of place attachment and perceived self-interest in promoting cooperative behaviors. CONCLUSION The findings hold significance in elucidating the relationship between place memory and cooperative behaviors, offering novel insights for community management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Li
- Department of International Environment and Resources Policy, Graduate School of International Cultural Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Aoki
- Department of International Environment and Resources Policy, Graduate School of International Cultural Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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235
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Aliaga L, Bavolek RA, Cooper B, Mariorenzi A, Ahn J, Kraut A, Duong D, Burger C, Gisondi MA. Error Management Training and Adaptive Expertise in Learning Computed Tomography Interpretation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2431600. [PMID: 39250155 PMCID: PMC11385054 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Adaptive expertise helps physicians apply their skills to novel clinical cases and reduce preventable errors. Error management training (EMT) has been shown to improve adaptive expertise with procedural skills; however, its application to cognitive skills in medical education is unclear. Objective To evaluate whether EMT improves adaptive expertise when learning the cognitive skill of head computed tomography (CT) interpretation. Design, Setting, and Participants This 3-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 8, 2022, to March 30, 2023, in 7 geographically diverse emergency medicine residency programs. Participants were postgraduate year 1 through 4 emergency medicine residents masked to the hypothesis. Interventions Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to a difficult EMT, easy EMT, or error avoidance training (EAT) control learning strategy for completing an online head CT curriculum. Both EMT cohorts received no didactic instruction before scrolling through head CT cases, whereas the EAT group did. The difficult EMT cohort answered difficult questions about the teaching cases, leading to errors, whereas the easy EMT cohort answered easy questions, leading to fewer errors. All 3 cohorts used the same cases. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a difference in adaptive expertise among the 3 cohorts, as measured using a head CT posttest. Secondary outcomes were (1) differences in routine expertise, (2) whether the quantity of errors during training mediated differences in adaptive expertise, and (3) the interaction between prior residency training and the learning strategies. Results Among 212 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 28.8 [2.0] years; 107 men [50.5%]), 70 were allocated to the difficult EMT, 71 to the easy EMT, and 71 to the EAT control cohorts; 150 participants (70.8%) completed the posttest. The difficult EMT cohort outperformed both the easy EMT and EAT cohorts on adaptive expertise cases (60.6% [95% CI, 56.1%-65.1%] vs 45.2% [95% CI, 39.9%-50.6%], vs 40.9% [95% CI, 36.0%-45.7%], respectively; P < .001), with a large effect size (η2 = 0.19). There was no significant difference in routine expertise. The difficult EMT cohort made more errors during training than the easy EMT cohort. Mediation analysis showed that the number of errors during training explained 87.2% of the difficult EMT learning strategy's effect on improving adaptive expertise (P = .01). The difficult EMT learning strategy was more effective in improving adaptive expertise for residents earlier in training, with a large effect size (η2 = 0.25; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, the findings show that EMT is an effective method to develop physicians' adaptive expertise with cognitive skills. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05284838.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Aliaga
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Rebecca A Bavolek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Benjamin Cooper
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Amy Mariorenzi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James Ahn
- Division of the Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aaron Kraut
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - David Duong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California
| | - Catherine Burger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael A Gisondi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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236
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Chen YC, Chiang YC, Chu HC. Comprehensive meta-analysis of emotional intelligence. Work 2024:WOR230553. [PMID: 39240606 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional intelligence refers to an individual's awareness of their emotions and their ability to effectively regulate them. Emotional intelligence also encompasses the ability to empathize with and establish meaningful relationships with others. OBJECTIVE In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis approach was employed to investigate the relationships between emotional intelligence and various factors including social support, organizational aspects, satisfaction, and stressors. METHODS Moreover, the extent to which emotional intelligence influenced these factors was investigated and analyzed through meta-analysis. RESULTS A data analysis revealed that emotional intelligence correlated positively with social support, organizational aspects, and satisfaction and negatively with stressors. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that organizations should adopt management strategies for enhancing the emotional intelligence of their employees, thereby strengthening their social support systems and their organizational cohesion and efficiency. To achieve this, organizations are advised to implement reasonable management systems and emotional management education and training to enable employees to effectively manage their emotions and understand the emotions of others. Subsequently, the job and life satisfaction of the employees can be enhanced and the negative effects of stressors can be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Che Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | | | - Hui-Chuang Chu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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237
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Tsai JW, Nguyen M, Dudgeon SN, McDade W, Kim JG, Agrawal P, Boatright D. Race and Sex Disparities Among Emergency Medicine Chief Residents. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2432679. [PMID: 39316403 PMCID: PMC11423172 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Physicians who belong to minoritized racial and ethnic groups remain underrepresented and underpromoted. Serving as a chief resident is an important position of leadership and prestige, and indicates a benchmark for future professional success. However, it is unknown if disparities in race and/or sex exist in the chief resident selection process. Objective To describe race, ethnicity, and sex of emergency medicine (EM) chief residents and determine the association of racial identity and the intersectionality of race and sex for selecting chief residents in US emergency medicine departments. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed data collected from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Electronic Residency Application Service in the graduating classes of 2017 and 2018. Data were analyzed between December 2021 and January 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Relative risk (RR) of selection for chief residency for Black, Asian, and Hispanic EM residents in comparison with White counterparts. Results Among 3408 studied residents, 738 (21.7%) served as chief resident (2253 male [66.1%]; 451 Asian [13.2%], 144 Black [4.2%], 158 Hispanic [4.6%], 239 more than 1 race [7.0%], 46 other [1.3%], and 2370 White [69.5%]). Of chiefs, 81 (11.0%) identified as Asian, 17 (2.3%) as Black, and 26 (3.5%) Hispanic. Asian residents were 78% (95% CI, 63%-96%) as likely to be promoted to chief resident compared with White peers, and Black residents were 51% (95% CI, 32%-80%) as likely as White residents. In our fully adjusted model, racial differences remained significant for Black residents, who were half as likely as white residents to be selected for chief residency (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.82). Overall, White women were most likely to be selected for chief residency and 20% more likely to be selected than White men counterparts (aRR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.39). In comparison, women underrepresented in medicine (a category that included residents identified as Black, Hispanic, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) were least likely to be selected for chief promotion, and 50% as likely to be selected for chief resident compared with White men (aRR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.06-0.66). Conclusions and Relevance In this 2024 nationally representative study of EM residents, chief promotion was lower among residents identifying as Asian or Black, and in particular, women underrepresented in medicine. This study's findings suggest further review of chief resident selection process by residency programs and accreditation bodies is needed to ensure workforce equity for promotion and opportunities for leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- St Joseph's Medical Center, Stockton, California
| | - Mytien Nguyen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah N Dudgeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William McDade
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jung G Kim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine & Institute for Innovations in Medical Education, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- New York University Langone Health, New York
| | - Pooja Agrawal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. How the interplay of monitoring-enabled digital technologies and human factors facilitates or hinders metro systems' resilient response to operational disruptions. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 122:104373. [PMID: 39232339 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The metro is susceptible to disruption risks and requires a system response capability to build resilience to manage disruptions. Achieving such resilient response state requires readiness in both the technology side, e.g., utilizing digital technologies (DTs) to monitor system components, and the human factors side, e.g., fostering positive human coping capabilities; however, these two sides are usually considered independently, without sufficient integration. This paper aims to develop and empirically test a model in which monitoring-enabled DTs, employees' reactions, and their positive capabilities are simultaneously considered in terms of their interplay and impact on system response capability. The results showed that while DTs for monitoring physical components enhanced perceived management commitment and fostered collective efficacy, DTs for monitoring human components increased psychological strain and inhibited improvisation capability, creating a "double-edged sword" effect on system response capability. Additionally, explicit management commitment buffered the adverse effect of DTs-induced psychological strain on individual improvisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Zhang
- Dept. of Management Science and Engineering, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- Dept. of Management Science and Engineering, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, PR China.
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Dept. of Management Science and Engineering, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, PR China
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239
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Wang Y, Zhang W. The relationship between college students' learning engagement and academic self-efficacy: a moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1425172. [PMID: 39291178 PMCID: PMC11407112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1425172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the return of college students to campus in the post-pandemic era, the deep influence of COVID-19 on learning approaches persists. Existing research has explored fewer mechanisms underlying academic self-efficacy and learning engagement. In line with social cognitive theory, the psychological resilience framework, and vocational socialization theory, this research investigated academic self-efficacy, professional commitment, psychological resilience, and academic engagement among college students in the post-pandemic era. In this research, the focus was on understanding the impact of academic self-efficacy on learning engagement, taking into account gender as a moderator and psychological resilience and professional commitment as mediators. Methods We conducted a survey with 1,032 college students in Henan Province, China, utilizing the Psychological Resilience Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, College Student Learning Engagement Questionnaire, and College Student Professional Commitment Scale. SPSS and the Process plugin were used to assess mediating and moderating effects. Results Academic self-efficacy significantly and positively correlates with college students' commitment to learning. The positive anticipation of learning engagement facilitated by academic self-efficacy exerts its effect through the fully parallel mediation of psychological resilience and professional commitment. Notably, the mediation effect of professional commitment was greater than that of psychological resilience. Further research found that the mediation of professional commitment was moderated by gender, with female students demonstrating stronger perceptions of professional commitment associated with elevated levels of learning engagement. Gender did not exhibit a significant moderating effect on psychological resilience. Conclusion College students' academic self-efficacy, professional commitment, and psychological resilience must be addressed to enhance their learning engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Wang
- Mental Health Service Center, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Engineering Training Center, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
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240
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Wu X, Huebner ES, Tian L. Developmental trajectories of loneliness in Chinese children: Environmental and personality predictors. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:453-461. [PMID: 39236883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the developmental trajectories of loneliness in Chinese children and examine the predictive roles of domain-specific environmental factors (i.e., family dysfunction and satisfaction of relatedness needs at school), personality factors (i.e., neuroticism and extraversion), and their interactions in these developmental trajectories. METHODS A total of 702 Chinese children (Mage = 8.95, SD = 0.76; 54.1 % boys) participated in assessments at six time points over three years at six-month intervals. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to estimate trajectory classes for loneliness, followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses exploring associations between these classes and predictors. RESULTS GMM analyses identified three distinct trajectories of loneliness: "low-stable" (81.5 %), "moderate-increasing" (9.4 %), and "high-decreasing" (9.1 %). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that family dysfunction and neuroticism served as risk factors for adverse loneliness trajectories, while satisfaction of relatedness needs at school and extraversion acted as protective factors. Furthermore, the interaction between family dysfunction and extraversion indicated that extraversion did not mitigate the adverse effects of high family dysfunction on children's loneliness, emphasizing the vital need to support positive family functioning among all children. LIMITATIONS This study did not incorporate biological variables (e.g., genetics), which are crucial in the evolutionary theory of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS The identification of three distinct trajectory groups of children's loneliness, along with key environmental and personality predictors, suggests that interventions should be tailored to each group's unique characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Wu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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241
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Ding J, Lee ES. Promoting Consumers' Sustainable Consumption of Online Retail Cold Chain Logistics Services: Extended Applications of SOR and Cognitive-Affective-Conative Theories. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:771. [PMID: 39335986 PMCID: PMC11428570 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As food safety awareness rises and living standards improve, consumers have increasingly higher expectations for the efficiency and quality of cold chain logistics services. For cold chain logistics service providers, accurately understanding consumer psychology and enhancing their willingness to continue using the service-while guiding them to actively participate in green cold chain logistics practices-are necessary means to maintain competitiveness. Therefore, based on stimulus-organism-response and cognitive-affective-conative theories, this study constructs a three-stage model to explore the factors influencing consumers' continuous consumption of online retail cold chain delivery services. This study substantiates that consumers' intention to continue consuming proceeds through the following three stages: cognitive, affective, and conative. Specifically, the results indicate that consumer- and environment-oriented services significantly enhance consumer value and psychological empowerment, which further promotes their intention to continue using the service and participate in green practices. Moreover, psychological empowerment and perceived value fully and partially mediate the relationship between the two types of services and consumer sustainable consumption, respectively. These findings expand the research on cold chain consumption and deepen our understanding of how various factors influence consumer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmin Ding
- School of Business, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon-Seong Lee
- School of Business, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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242
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Hou L, Gu X, Ding G. From an identity process theory perspective: a daily investigation of why and when ostracism triggers ingratiation. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 164:607-621. [PMID: 36355431 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although existing studies suggest the relationship between ostracism and ingratiation, the knowledge about why and when ostracism promotes ingratiatory behaviors remains limited. Drawing from identity process theory, the current study examines the influence of ostracism on ingratiatory behaviors through the mediating role of self-identity threat on a daily timescale and the cross-level moderation of core self-evaluation. Through a diary study of 117 Chinese college students across 14 consecutive days, we found that daily ostracism had a positive indirect effect on daily ingratiatory behaviors through daily self-identity threat. Core self-evaluation of students weakened the indirect effect, such that only students with low core self-evaluation engaged in daily ingratiatory behaviors to cope with self-identity threat from ostracism. More importantly, supplemental analyses suggested that averaged daily ingratiatory behaviors were negatively related to perceived ostracism one week later. We discussed several theoretical and practical implications of these findings and proposed future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hou
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology
| | - Xixi Gu
- University of Political Science and Law
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243
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Yue P, Zhang J, Jing Y. Mindfulness and academic procrastination among Chinese adolescents: a moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1409472. [PMID: 39286568 PMCID: PMC11402743 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1409472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While previous studies have linked mindfulness to reduced academic procrastination, the mechanisms involved remain under-explored. This study deepens the understanding by investigating how learning vigor mediates the mindfulness and procrastination relationship, and how harsh parenting influences this mediation. Methods This study, adopting a positivist research approach, utilized a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 800 students at three middle schools in Henan Province, China, through cluster random sampling. This approach yielded 800 questionnaires. The participants sequentially completed four questionnaires: the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student, the Aitken Procrastination Inventory, and the Harsh Parenting Questionnaire. After removing 67 invalid questionnaires due to incomplete responses and patterned answers, a total of 733 valid questionnaires were obtained, with 53.3% girls and an average age of 13.12 years (SD = 1.01), leading to an effectiveness rate of 91.63%. Upon data collection, SPSS 26.0 software was used for correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis to assess the relationships between variables. Results (1) Mindfulness negatively predicts academic procrastination; (2) Learning vigor serves as a mediator in the relationship between mindfulness and academic procrastination; and (3) Harsh parenting moderates the relationship between mindfulness and learning vigor. Specifically, the positive impact of mindfulness on learning vigor is more pronounced in individuals experiencing lower levels of harsh parenting compared to those with higher levels. Conclusion This study reveals that mindfulness significantly protects against academic procrastination in adolescents, with 52.27% of this effect mediated by increased learning vigor. Additionally, it shows that high levels of harsh parenting weaken mindfulness's positive impact on learning vigor, tempering its overall protective influence on procrastination. These insights, which apply Trait Activation Theory to educational psychology, not only deepen our understanding of the dynamics between mindfulness and procrastination but also have important implications for addressing academic procrastination in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yue
- College of Education Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Faculty of Education and Arts, College of Arts and Science of Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Yumei Jing
- College of Education Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
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244
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Ndobo A, Faure A, Galharret JM, Sarda E, Debont L. The coping strategies of individuals in multiple jeopardy settings: the case of unemployed older women. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 164:640-665. [PMID: 36416218 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2143313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research investigates the harmful consequences of discrimination on self-esteem and examines the coping options of individuals belonging to several stigmatized groups (i.e., unemployed older women) within the multiple jeopardy perspective. Our sample comprised 420 individuals selected by age, gender and professional status. We tested whether the positive and negative links between discrimination and psychological distress induced by discrimination, would vary according to the number of disadvantaged categories individuals belong to. An analysis of the mediating role of some coping options was also conducted. Overall, the results support most of our hypotheses and suggest that the assumed impact of perceived discrimination on psychological outcome increase with the cumulation of discriminations. We also found that, among the various coping options used by individuals in our sample, commitment, but not age-group identification, mediated the links between the cumulated discrimination and self-esteem. The discussion addresses issues related to workplace discrimination in light of the multiple jeopardy perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ndobo
- Nantes University
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL
| | - Alice Faure
- Nantes University
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL
| | | | - Elisa Sarda
- Nantes University
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL
| | - Leslie Debont
- Nantes University
- Centre de Recherche sur les Identités Nationales et l'Interculturalité, CRINI
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245
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Howard J, Schulte P. Managing workplace AI risks and the future of work. Am J Ind Med 2024. [PMID: 39223704 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI)-the field of computer science that designs machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence-has seen rapid advances in the development of foundation systems such as large language models. In the workplace, the adoption of AI technologies can result in a broad range of hazards and risks to workers, as illustrated by the recent growth in industrial robotics and algorithmic management. Sources of risk from deployment of AI technologies across society and in the workplace have led to numerous government and private sector guidelines that propose principles governing the design and use of trustworthy and ethical AI. As AI capabilities become integrated in devices, machines, and systems across industry sectors, employers, workers, and occupational safety and health practitioners will be challenged to manage AI risks to worker health, safety, and well-being. Five risk management options are presented as ways to assure that only trustworthy and ethical AI enables workplace devices, machinery, and processes. AI technologies will play a significant role in the future of work. The occupational safety and health practice and research communities need to ensure that the promise of these new AI technologies results in benefit, not harm, to workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Howard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Paul Schulte
- Advanced Technologies and Laboratories International, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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246
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Shin J, Shin H. Effects of Technostress on Psychological Contract Violation and Organizational Change Resistance. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:768. [PMID: 39335983 PMCID: PMC11429331 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of technostress perceived by employees on psychological contract violations and resistance to organizational change, as information and communication technology is applied to various tourism industry work sites. This study's sample consisted of employees working in the Korean tourism industry in June 2023, who were surveyed using snowball sampling. Four hypotheses were proposed. First, technostress is associated with psychological contract violations. Second, psychological contract violations are associated with organizational change resistance. Third, technostress is associated with organizational change resistance. Fourth, psychological contract violations may play a mediating role in the relationship between technostress and organizational change resistance. All hypotheses in this study were adopted. Therefore, organizations and management in the tourism industry should identify and improve the factors that cause employee technostress arising from expanding information and communication technology to provide psychological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeWon Shin
- Divison of Business Administration, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungChul Shin
- Department of Foodservice and Culinary Management, Kyonggi University, Seoul 03746, Republic of Korea
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247
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Strzalkowski P, Strzalkowska A, Chhablani J, Pfau K, Errera MH, Roth M, Schaub F, Bechrakis NE, Hoerauf H, Reiter C, Schuster AK, Geerling G, Guthoff R. Evaluation of the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in providing information on retinal detachment: a multicenter expert comparative study. Int J Retina Vitreous 2024; 10:61. [PMID: 39223678 PMCID: PMC11367851 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-024-00579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini show potential for patient health education, but concerns about their accuracy require careful evaluation. This study evaluates the readability and accuracy of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in answering questions about retinal detachment. METHODS Comparative study analyzing responses from ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini to 13 retinal detachment questions, categorized by difficulty levels (D1, D2, D3). Masked responses were reviewed by ten vitreoretinal specialists and rated on correctness, errors, thematic accuracy, coherence, and overall quality grading. Analysis included Flesch Readability Ease Score, word and sentence counts. RESULTS Both Artificial Intelligence tools required college-level understanding for all difficulty levels. Google Gemini was easier to understand (p = 0.03), while ChatGPT-4 provided more correct answers for the more difficult questions (p = 0.0005) with fewer serious errors. ChatGPT-4 scored highest on most challenging questions, showing superior thematic accuracy (p = 0.003). ChatGPT-4 outperformed Google Gemini in 8 of 13 questions, with higher overall quality grades in the easiest (p = 0.03) and hardest levels (p = 0.0002), showing a lower grade as question difficulty increased. CONCLUSIONS ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini effectively address queries about retinal detachment, offering mostly accurate answers with few critical errors, though patients require higher education for comprehension. The implementation of AI tools may contribute to improving medical care by providing accurate and relevant healthcare information quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Strzalkowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf - Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alicja Strzalkowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf - Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jay Chhablani
- UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Pfau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mathias Roth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf - Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike Schaub
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Hans Hoerauf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constantin Reiter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helios HSK Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Geerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf - Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf - Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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248
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Goodman TM, Martinez RN. The self-reported impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological health of U.S. Air Force cyber personnel. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 36:479-490. [PMID: 37166410 PMCID: PMC11407420 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2209491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
U.S. Air Force cyber personnel were faced with changes in their workplace, fitness routines, and personal lives during the COVID19 pandemic. Adjusting to COVID-19-related requirements likely increased the stress of already stressful jobs for military members and their families, which could have resounding impacts on emotional, social, and physical well-being. Therefore, it is important to evaluate psychological health outcomes and self-perceived impacts of the changes presented to cyber personnel because of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online occupational health assessment that included demographics, standardized measures of burnout, psychological distress, and work role strain; health behaviors; and perceived impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic was administered to 1488 cyber personnel. Thirty-two negative themes and 13 positive themes were created from qualitative coding for "How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted you as an individual?" Of the themes created, 966 (68.5%) reported at least one negative impact and 440 (31.2%) reported at least one positive impact. Top-reported negative impacts were limited face-to-face interactions and loss of personal activities. Negative impacts were associated with negative psychological health outcomes (e.g., psychological distress, exhaustion, cynicism) and work role strain. Action-oriented recommendations are given in the event of another pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachael N Martinez
- Aerospace Medicine Department, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Fairborn, Ohio
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249
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Ye Z, Zhang B, Zhang K, Méndez MJG, Yan H, Wu T, Qu Y, Jiang Y, Xue P, Qiao Y. An assessment of ChatGPT's responses to frequently asked questions about cervical and breast cancer. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:482. [PMID: 39223612 PMCID: PMC11367894 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) and breast cancer (BC) threaten women's well-being, influenced by health-related stigma and a lack of reliable information, which can cause late diagnosis and early death. ChatGPT is likely to become a key source of health information, although quality concerns could also influence health-seeking behaviours. METHODS This cross-sectional online survey compared ChatGPT's responses to five physicians specializing in mammography and five specializing in gynaecology. Twenty frequently asked questions about CC and BC were asked on 26th and 29th of April, 2023. A panel of seven experts assessed the accuracy, consistency, and relevance of ChatGPT's responses using a 7-point Likert scale. Responses were analyzed for readability, reliability, and efficiency. ChatGPT's responses were synthesized, and findings are presented as a radar chart. RESULTS ChatGPT had an accuracy score of 7.0 (range: 6.6-7.0) for CC and BC questions, surpassing the highest-scoring physicians (P < 0.05). ChatGPT took an average of 13.6 s (range: 7.6-24.0) to answer each of the 20 questions presented. Readability was comparable to that of experts and physicians involved, but ChatGPT generated more extended responses compared to physicians. The consistency of repeated answers was 5.2 (range: 3.4-6.7). With different contexts combined, the overall ChatGPT relevance score was 6.5 (range: 4.8-7.0). Radar plot analysis indicated comparably good accuracy, efficiency, and to a certain extent, relevance. However, there were apparent inconsistencies, and the reliability and readability be considered inadequate. CONCLUSIONS ChatGPT shows promise as an initial source of information for CC and BC. ChatGPT is also highly functional and appears to be superior to physicians, and aligns with expert consensus, although there is room for improvement in readability, reliability, and consistency. Future efforts should focus on developing advanced ChatGPT models explicitly designed to improve medical practice and for those with concerns about symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Ye
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - María José González Méndez
- Department of Primary Healthcare and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Huijiao Yan
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Qu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Youlin Qiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fang Y, Ma L, Chen H, Cai S, Jiang W, Luo F, Wang J, Zheng E, Zhou C, Zhu L, Guo Q, Yin Z. The effect of social isolation on the cognitive ability of the oldest old in Chinese nursing homes in post-COVID-19: a moderated chain mediation model. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1421729. [PMID: 39286555 PMCID: PMC11404041 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1421729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Both pre-or post-COVID-19, older adults residing in nursing homes are at significant risk for social isolation, which is negatively associated with cognitive ability. Currently, the elderly aged 80 years and older are the fastest-growing age group globally. The extent of social isolation within this group post-COVID-19 and its impact on cognitive abilities remain inadequately explored. Objective This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of social isolation among the oldest old in Chinese nursing homes post-COVID-19 and to investigate the mediating and moderating roles of basic activities of daily living (BADL), depression, and subjective socioeconomic status in the relationship between social isolation and cognitive ability. Methods This cross-sectional study included 453 participants aged 80 years and older from 11 nursing homes in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. Social isolation was assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), cognitive ability using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), BADL using the Barthel Index (BI), and depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9). Mediation and moderation effects were statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS 3.5. Results The mean age of the study sample was 87.1 ± 3.8 years, among whom 60.3% (n = 273) were female, and 56.1% experienced social isolation, with 41.1% and 63.1% being isolated from family and friends, respectively. Social isolation indirectly affected cognitive ability through BADL and depression, respectively, and through the chain mediation effect of BADL and depression. Subjective socioeconomic status moderated the relationships between social isolation and BADL and between social isolation and depression. However, no moderating effect of subjective socioeconomic status was found between social isolation and cognitive ability. Conclusion This study deepens our understanding of the current state of social isolation and its mechanisms of action in the oldest old post-COVID-19 and provides a new basis for future public health policy development and related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huixian Chen
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuya Cai
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fen Luo
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialu Wang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Enjie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuncong Zhou
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Nursing Department, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Guo
- School of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Yin
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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