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Traynor A, Doyle B, Eppich W, Tjin A, Mulhall C, O'Toole M. "This is it…this is our normal" - the voices of family members and first responders experiencing duty-related trauma in Ireland. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 133:152499. [PMID: 38776684 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to other occupational groups, first responders (FR) experience worse mental health outcomes due to duty-related trauma and occupational stressors. Despite their best efforts, they bring this stress home to friends and family. Consequently, FR and their supporters suffer from increased psychosocial difficulties and experience stigma and other barriers to help-seeking. Prior work offers little opportunity for open dialogue and shared understanding of the repercussions of this occupation for all members of the first responder community. In this qualitative study, we aimed to: (i) explore the lived experience of Irish FR and their family members (FM) related to occupational stressors, and (ii) identify opportunities to engage FM with existing organizational supports available for FR. METHODS Using a community based participatory research (CBPR) approach, we conducted six focus groups involving a total of fourteen participants comprising FR, organizational representatives, and FM. All focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. FINDINGS FR and FM shared their experiences of both joining and learning to live as members of the FR community in Ireland. Through our analysis, we identified a main theme of 'crossing thresholds', characterizing their transformative learning experiences. This learning experience includes recognizing the consequences of this new role for them as individuals and for their relationships. Participants also shared how they have learned to cope with the consequences of their roles and what they need to better support each other. CONCLUSIONS FM are often unheard, hidden members of the first responder community in Ireland, highlighting an unmet need for FR organizations to acknowledge FM role in supporting FR and to provide them with the appropriate training and resources required. Training for new recruits needs to move beyond the tokenistic involvement of FM and encourage knowledge sharing among experienced and novice members. Cultural change is required to support help-seeking among FR and foster a sense of peer support and community among families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Traynor
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland; School of Psychology, University of Galway, Arts Millenium Extension, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian Doyle
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland.
| | - Walter Eppich
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Tjin
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland; Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Claire Mulhall
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland
| | - Michelle O'Toole
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland
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202
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Brämberg E, Åhsberg E, Fahlström G, Furberg E, Gornitzki C, Ringborg A, Thoursie PS. Effects of work-directed interventions on return-to-work in people on sick-leave for to common mental disorders-a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:597-619. [PMID: 38710801 PMCID: PMC11245426 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the body of evidence of the effects of work-directed interventions on return-to-work for people on sick leave due to common mental disorders (i.e., mild to moderate depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders and reactions to severe stress). METHODS The systematic review was conducted in accordance with an a priori developed and registered protocol (Prospero CRD42021235586). The certainty of evidence was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. RESULTS We reviewed 14,794 records published between 2015 and 2021. Of these, eight RCTs published in eleven articles were included in the analysis. POPULATION Working age adults (18 to 64 years), on sick leave due to mild to moderate depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders or reactions to severe stress. INTERVENTION Work-directed interventions. COMPARATOR No comparator, Standard care, or other measures. OUTCOME return to work, number of days on sick leave, income. Overall, the effects of work-focused CBT and work-focused team-based support on RTW resulted in increased or faster return-to-work compared with standard care or no intervention (low certainty of evidence). The effects of Individual Placement and Support showed no difference in RTW compared with standard care (very low certainty of evidence). CONCLUSION Interventions involving the workplace could increase the probability of RTW. Areas in need of improvement in the included studies, for example methodological issues, are discussed. Further, suggestions are made for improving methodological rigor when conducting large scale trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Brämberg
- Unit of Intervention- and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Elizabeth Åhsberg
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Fahlström
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Furberg
- Department of Philosophy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Gornitzki
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ringborg
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden
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203
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Soni S, Ritchie AMA, Liu S, Pacilli M, Nataraja RM. Using wearable technology for Posture Regulation to Improve Surgical Ergonomics in the paediatric operating room: the UPRISE trial: a pilot study. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:4445-4456. [PMID: 38902409 PMCID: PMC11289160 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders has numerous physical, financial, and mental repercussions for surgeons. This study aims to establish whether the use of a wearable posture device can improve the operating time spent in suboptimal, high-risk postures. METHODS Surgeons were recruited in Phase 1 of this prospective randomised study and baseline postural data was obtained. In Phase 2, participants were randomised to receive either a traditional educational workshop or intraoperative vibrations from the device to correct postural lapses. During minor elective day cases, intraoperative postural data was collected and stratified by forward flexion angle, into five risk categories (negligible to very high). Participants' experience with the sensor was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 100 surgical procedures (Phase 1: n = 50; Phase 2: n = 50) were performed by eight surgeons of varying seniority. Exposure to the educational intervention increased time spent in suboptimal posture (Phase 1 vs. Phase 2); 47.5% vs. 67.8%, p = 0.05. However, the vibrational intervention significantly reduced this time; 50.0% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.005. Procedure type didn't influence posture although, laparoscopic interventions spent most time in negligible-risk postures; 47.7% vs. 49.3%, compared to open procedures. Surgical consultants spent less time in suboptimal posture compared to fellow/registrars; 30.3% vs. 72.6% (Phase 1) and 33.8% vs. 65.3% (Phase 2). CONCLUSION Vibrational intervention from the device significantly decreased the time spent in suboptimal, high-risk postures. As procedure type wasn't correlated with postural changes, surgeon-specific factors in regulating posture are paramount. Finally, surgeon experience was positively correlated with improved surgical ergonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna Soni
- Departments of Paediatrics and Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angus M A Ritchie
- Departments of Paediatrics and Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sue Liu
- Departments of Paediatrics and Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maurizio Pacilli
- Departments of Paediatrics and Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Departments of Paediatric Surgery and Monash Children's Simulation, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, 3168, Australia
| | - Ramesh M Nataraja
- Departments of Paediatrics and Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Departments of Paediatric Surgery and Monash Children's Simulation, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, 3168, Australia.
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204
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O'Keeffe F, Cogley C, McManus C, Davenport L, O'Connor S, Tubridy N, Gaughan M, McGuigan C, Bramham J. Neuropsychology intervention for managing invisible symptoms of MS (NIMIS-MS) group: A pilot effectiveness and acceptability study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 88:105719. [PMID: 38909526 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with MS (pwMS) commonly experience a range of hidden symptoms, including cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression, fatigue, pain, and sensory difficulties. These "invisible" symptoms can significantly impact wellbeing, relationships, employment and life goals. We developed a novel bespoke online group neuropsychological intervention combining psychoeducation and cognitive rehabilitation with an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-informed approach for pwMS in an acute tertiary hospital. This 'Neuropsychological Intervention for Managing Invisible Symptoms' in MS (NIMIS-MS) consisted of 6 sessions, each with a psychoeducation and ACT component. The content included psychoeducation around managing cognitive difficulties, fatigue, pain, sleep and other unpleasant sensations in MS with the general approach of understanding, monitoring, and recognising patterns and potential triggers. Specific cognitive rehabilitation and fatigue management strategies were introduced. The ACT-informed component focussed on three core ACT areas of the 'Triflex' of psychological flexibility (Harris, 2019): Being Present, Opening Up, and Doing What Matters. METHODS 118 pwMS attended the NIMIS-MS group intervention which was delivered 14 times in six-week blocks over an 18-month period. To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability, participants completed measures of depression and anxiety (HADS), functional impairment (WSAS), Values- Progress (VQ) and Values- Obstruction (VQ), and Acceptance of MS (MSAS) pre and post NIMIs-MS group intervention. Qualitative feedback was obtained during focus groups after the final session and via online feedback questionnaires RESULTS: Pre-post analysis showed that symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly lower and acceptance of MS was significantly higher following completion of the NIMIS-MS group. Qualitative feedback showed that participants reported that they felt more equipped to manage the "invisible" symptoms of MS following completion of the group, and benefited from using ACT-based strategies and techniques. Participants highly valued the peer support that evolved during the NIMIS-MS groups. The online format was considered more accessible than in-person groups, due to less concerns of travel time, cost, fatigue, and comfort and infection. CONCLUSION Evaluation suggests that our novel NIMIS-MS groups is an acceptable, beneficial and feasible approach for providing neuropsychological interventions to individuals with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiadhnait O'Keeffe
- University College Dublin, Ireland; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Ireland; University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Clodagh Cogley
- University College Dublin, Ireland; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Niall Tubridy
- University College Dublin, Ireland; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Ireland
| | | | | | - Jessica Bramham
- University College Dublin, Ireland; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Ireland
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205
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Howe AS, Jules K, Tan JKCD, Khan R, Li AKC, Edwards B, King EC, Nizzer S, Gohar B, Yazdani A, Bani-Fatemi A, Chattu VK, Sinclair L, Kay M, Nowrouzi-Kia B. The effects of occupational and mental stress among home care rehabilitation professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory qualitative study. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2024; 36:230-242. [PMID: 39149713 PMCID: PMC11321947 DOI: 10.1177/10848223231225246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Home care rehabilitation professionals (hcRPs) provide health services for clients with a broad range of medical conditions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, home care rehabilitation professionals experienced exacerbations of pre-existing work-related stressors, increased risk of transmission of the COVID-19 virus, reduced resource availability, greater workloads, and staffing shortages. The primary aim of this study was to examine the experience and impact of occupational and mental stress on hcRPs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 hcRPs working in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inductive thematic analysis was used to interpret and organize the data into conceptualized themes. Interview data was organized into three themes: (a) unique challenges of a home care rehabilitation professional, (b) COVID-19 exacerbations of home care occupational and mental stress, and (c) personal and workplace coping strategies. Many participants reported reducing their hours or taking on adjunctive roles in different clinical settings outside of home care due to work-related stress exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. With a focus on the effects of COVID-19 on the practice of home care, this study provides a unique perspective on the challenges experienced by hcRPs during an emergent and evolving global public health concern. The exploratory nature of this research works towards providing a framework of factors to be addressed when creating sustainable healthcare interventions, as well as recommendations to support hcRPs to benefit both the community and health-care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S. Howe
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevon Jules
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy KCD Tan
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raabia Khan
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anson KC Li
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brydne Edwards
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- VHA Home HealthCare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily C King
- VHA Home HealthCare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Basem Gohar
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amin Yazdani
- Canadian Institute for Safety, Wellness & Performance, Conestoga College Conestoga College Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning, Kitchener, Ontario Canada
| | - Ali- Bani-Fatemi
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Center for Evidence-based Strategies, Global Health Research and Innovations Canada (GHRIC), Toronto, Canada
| | - Lindsay Sinclair
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mhairi Kay
- Professional Support Services, Toronto District School Board, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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206
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Morgan PB, Efron N, Papas E, Barnett M, Carnt N, Dutta D, Hepworth A, Little JA, Nagra M, Pult H, Schweizer H, Shen Lee B, Subbaraman LN, Sulley A, Thompson A, Webster A, Markoulli M. BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Management with contact lenses and spectacles. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102158. [PMID: 38631935 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper seeks to outline the history, market situation, clinical management and product performance related to the correction of presbyopia with both contact lenses and spectacles. The history of the development of various optical forms of presbyopic correction are reviewed, and an overview is presented of the current market status of contact lenses and spectacles. Clinical considerations in the fitting and aftercare of presbyopic contact lens and spectacle lens wearers are presented, with general recommendations for best practice. Current options for contact lens correction of presbyopia include soft simultaneous, rigid translating and rigid simultaneous designs, in addition to monovision. Spectacle options include single vision lenses, bifocal lenses and a range of progressive addition lenses. The comparative performance of both contact lens and spectacle lens options is presented. With a significant proportion of the global population now being presbyopic, this overview is particularly timely and is designed to act as a guide for researchers, industry and eyecare practitioners alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Nathan Efron
- Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric Papas
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Carnt
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debarun Dutta
- Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Hepworth
- EssilorLuxottica Europe North, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Julie-Anne Little
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Manbir Nagra
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, ARU, Young Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heiko Pult
- Dr Heiko Pult - Optometry and Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany
| | - Helmer Schweizer
- CEO Helmer Schweizer Consulting Group (HSCG), Bassersdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bridgitte Shen Lee
- Vision Optique and Ocular Aesthetics dba Ocular Clinical Trials, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Anna Sulley
- CooperVision International Ltd, Chandlers Ford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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207
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Song YW, Reichherzer AS, Yao X, Vledder G, Herbig B, Bellmann M, Norrefeldt V, Vink P, Mansfield N. Modeling passenger comfort in turboprop aircraft using objective measures. Work 2024:WOR230700. [PMID: 39093102 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A quantitative comfort model will aid in evaluating comfort levels of various target groups before the actual flight of an airplane. However, constructing the model is always a challenge due to the complexity of the phenomenon. OBJECTIVES In this paper, we present quantitative comfort models to predict the (dis)comfort of passengers flying with turboprops based on objective measures. METHODS Ninety-seven participants took part in two experiments conducted during real flights, during which forty of them had environmental and personal factors recorded using (self-developed) measurement tools. The collected data were analyzed to model the relations between objective measures and subjective feelings. RESULTS Two preliminary models based on gradient boosting regression were developed. The models were able to predict the changes in comfort and discomfort of individual passengers with an accuracy of 0.12±0.01 and 0.21±0.01 regarding normalized comfort and discomfort scores, respectively. Additionally, contributions of different factors were highlighted. CONCLUSION The outcomes of the models show that we took a step forward in modeling the human comfort experience using objective measurements. Anthropometry (including age), seat positions, time duration, and row (noise) emerged as leading factors influencing the feeling of (dis)comfort in turboprop planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wolf Song
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anna S Reichherzer
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP, Fraunhoferstrasse 10, 83626 Valley, Germany
| | - Xinhe Yao
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbera Vledder
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Britta Herbig
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Bellmann
- Institut für technische und angewandte Physik GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Victor Norrefeldt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP, Fraunhoferstrasse 10, 83626 Valley, Germany
| | - Peter Vink
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Neil Mansfield
- Department of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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208
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Gustavson AM, Rauzi MR, Rasmussen A, Raja B, Kim J, Davenport TE. Leveraging and learning from the long COVID experience: Translating telerehabilitation into practice. Work 2024:WOR230731. [PMID: 39093104 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telerehabilitation, or the delivery of rehabilitation services through telehealth platforms, has existed since the late 1990 s. Telerehabilitation was characterized by unprecedented, exponential growth at the beginning of the novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Medical systems sought to reduce the likelihood of disease transmission by using telerehabilitation to limit physical proximity during routine care. This dramatic change in how medical care was delivered forced many professions to adapt processes and practices. Following the change, debates sparked regarding the best path to move forward for the betterment of patients, clinicians, systems, and society. Long COVID has emerged as a complex chronic health condition arising from COVID-19. The unique needs and dynamic disease process of Long COVID has incentivized medical systems to create equitable ways for patients to safely access interdisciplinary care. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this commentary is to describe what medical systems must consider when deploying high-quality telerehabilitation to deliver rehabilitation through asynchronous (e.g., text, portal) and synchronous modalities (e.g., phone or video). We highlight lessons learned to help guide decision-makers on key actions to support their patients and clinicians. METHODS Not applicable. RESULTS Not applicable. CONCLUSIONS Key action steps from our lessons learned may be used to address complex chronic health conditions such as Long COVID and prepare for future challenges that may disrupt medical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Gustavson
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research (CCDOR), Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Minneapolis VA Rehabilitation & Engineering Center for Optimizing Veteran Engagement & Reintegration (RECOVER), Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michelle R Rauzi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-centered and Value Driven Care, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alana Rasmussen
- Rehabilitation and Extended Care, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bhavana Raja
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - June Kim
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Todd E Davenport
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
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209
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Carnegie DR, Hirsch SM, Howarth SJ, Beach TAC. Can we enable individuals to reach further down without rounding their backs before beginning a lift? Examining the influence of starting foot and trunk position on reach depth. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:1097-1107. [PMID: 37955653 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2282953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
There is disagreement regarding the efficacy of 'safe' lifting recommendations for reducing low back disorder risk. These recommendations commonly focus on minimising lumbar spine flexion, which limits the range of allowable starting lift positions for that person. This study evaluated whether starting postural adaptations could allow a person to reach down further without rounding their lumbar spine before beginning a lift. Reach displacement was measured as participants performed a series of maximal reach tasks under different combinations of stance width, foot orientation and trunk inclination, with their lumbar spine motion restricted. There were no interactions between any of the three postural adaptations or any effect of stance width or trunk inclination. Seventy-nine percent of participants achieved their greatest reach displacement with their feet externally rotated, which contributed to a 4 cm greater reach displacement compared to a neutral foot orientation (p < 0.001).Practitioner summary: This study examined whether aspects of initial posture could influence the ability to adhere to 'safe' lifting recommendations across a range of lift heights. As a component of lifting (re)training interventions, practitioners should consider starting lift posture adaptations (e.g. manipulating foot external rotation) to improve capacity to adhere to recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Carnegie
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven M Hirsch
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samuel J Howarth
- Division of Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tyson A C Beach
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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210
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AlBaiti S, Arumugam A, Nawayseh N. Acute neuromuscular responses to whole-body vibration in healthy individuals: A systematic review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2024; 77:102888. [PMID: 38833795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole-body vibration (WBV) training has been employed alongside conventional exercise like resistance training to enhance skeletal muscle strength and performance. This systematic review examines the evidence regarding the effect of WBV on muscle activity, strength, and performance in healthy individuals. The Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, ProQuest One Academic and SCOPUS databases were searched from 1990 to April 2023 to retrieve relevant studies. Methodological quality was assessed using the Modified Downs and Black checklist, while the level of evidence was evaluated through the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Even though the quality of the included studies was moderate to high, the level of evidence was very low owing to serious concerns with three or more GRADE domains (risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias) for each outcome of interest across studies. The review suggests that in WBV training, using moderate to high vibration frequencies (25-40 Hz) and high magnitudes (3-6 mm) can enhance muscle activation and strength in pelvis and lower limb muscles. However, findings regarding WBV effect on muscle performance measures were inconsistent. Future research with robust methodology is necessary in this area to validate and support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh AlBaiti
- Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE - Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS - Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal, Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Naser Nawayseh
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, P.O. Box: 27272, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Tore NG, Zorlular A, Yildirim D, Atalay Guzel N, Oskay D. Investigation of sensory and motor functions of wrist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2024; 72:103122. [PMID: 38909501 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and autoimmune disease that affects many tissues and organs in the body, especially the synovial joint and periarticular structures. One of the most affected joints is the hand joints, and there is also involvement in the wrist joint. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the sensory and motor functions of the wrist with a gold standard method and to determine the relationship between the motor and sensory functions of the wrist and wrist-related pain/disability level and hand grip strength in patients with RA. METHOD Flexor and extensor muscle strength and joint position sense of the wrist were evaluated using isokinetic dynamometer, hand grip strength was measured using dynamometer, and wrist related pain and disability was assessed by Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire. RESULTS Thirty-one patients with RA and 31 healthy controls were included in the study. Control group had better results regarding wrist flexor and extensor muscle strength and wrist joint position sense than RA patients for both hands/wrists. A positive and strong correlation and a negative and weak correlation were found between muscle strength and joint position sense of the wrist and hand grip strength, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy subjects, RA patients showed wrist-related sensorimotor deficits. Therefore, evaluation of the wrist should not be ignored in the examination of patients with RA. In addition, when planning the treatment program of the patients, not only hand exercises but also exercises involving the wrist should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurten Gizem Tore
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Ali Zorlular
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Derya Yildirim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Atalay Guzel
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deran Oskay
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rutsch M, Buhr-Schinner H, Gross T, Schüller PO, Deck R. Pulmonary rehabilitation in follow-up and inpatient rehabilitation for Long COVID: twelve months of follow-up. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2024; 60:716-728. [PMID: 38903009 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with persistent impairments due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can receive pulmonary rehabilitation in Germany. To date, there is no evidence of the medium- or long-term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on Long COVID. AIM This study examined changes in health and occupational outcomes over time and described the therapeutic content of pulmonary rehabilitation and aftercare. This analysis also compared two rehabilitation groups after COVID-19 who had different levels of access to rehabilitation. DESIGN Longitudinal observational study with multicenter and prospective data collection. SETTING Pulmonary rehabilitation in four different rehabilitation facilities in Germany. POPULATION Individuals with a mild course of disease and long-lasting impairments (inpatient rehabilitation, IR) and patients with a severe course after hospitalization (follow-up rehabilitation, FuR). Participants had to be between 18 and 65 years of age. METHODS Written questionnaires were administered at the beginning and end of rehabilitation, as well as six and twelve months after rehabilitation. Health-related quality of life (HrQoL), fatigue, participation restrictions, COVID-19 symptoms, mental and physical health were assessed, as well as occupational outcomes and questions about rehabilitation and aftercare. RESULTS IR patients were predominantly female (68.0%) and 52 years of age on average, while 66.1% of Long COVID rehabilitees in FuR were male and three years older. Over the course of rehabilitation, most COVID-19 symptoms decreased with statistical significance. The subjective health scales showed improvements with medium to large effect sizes (ES) over time in IR (P<0.01; ES between 0.55 (cognitive fatigue) and 1.40 (physical fatigue)) and small to large effects in FuR (P<0.01; ES between 0.45 (anxiety) and 1.32 (physical fatigue)). One year after rehabilitation, most effects remained at a moderate level. After twelve months, an increase in neurocognitive symptoms was observed in FuR patients. More than 80% of employed people returned to work one year after rehabilitation, although FuR patients returned to work a median of four weeks later (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The comparative analysis showed that rehabilitees in different forms of rehabilitation attended rehabilitation with different impairments and rehabilitation goals, which are partly considered in treatment and aftercare. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT To provide needs-based rehabilitation to different rehabilitation groups with Long COVID, knowledge of their health histories and preferences is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rutsch
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany -
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Deck
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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213
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Ortiz-Toquero S, Sanchez I, Serrano A, Martin R. Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome and Its Risk Factors in a Spanish University Population. Eye Contact Lens 2024; 50:333-341. [PMID: 38865594 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of digital eye strain or computer vision syndrome (CVS) and its risk factors in a university population (University of Valladolid, Spain). METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was conducted in a university population [staff (lecturers and administrative employees) and students (undergraduate, master's, and PhD)], including two validated questionnaires (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] and the 17-item Computer-Vision Symptom Scale questionnaire [CVSS17]) and questions about sociodemographic data and visual display terminal use. The prevalence and risk factors for CVS (CVSS17≥29) (multivariate logistic regression model) were calculated. RESULTS One thousand nine participants responded to the survey (35.2±15.2 years; 64.1% women). The mean OSDI and CVSS17 questionnaire scores were 18.9±15.6 and 31.5±6.4, respectively, and 35.4% of the respondents had dry eye symptoms (OSDI>22). The total prevalence of CVS was 65.4% (95% CI 62.1-68.3). Undergraduate students showed the highest CVS prevalence (72.6%; P <0.01), which was significant. In addition, women, participants younger than 36 years old, contact lens wearers, and subjects with dry eye symptoms reported a statistically higher CVSS17 score ( P ≤0.01). In the multivariate model, significant factors associated with the presence of CVS ( P ≤0.03) were female sex (OR=2.10; 95% CI 1.54-2.88), dry eye symptoms (OSDI>22) (OR=16.98; 95% CI 10.36-27.84), VTD use ≥6 hr daily (OR=1.96; 95% CI 1.09-3.52), and being an undergraduate student (OR=2.23; 95% CI 1.54-3.24). CONCLUSION A high prevalence (65.4%) of CVS was found among the Spanish university population, with the undergraduate student group having the highest prevalence (72.6%). Female sex, more than 6 hr/day of visual display terminal use, being an undergraduate student, and dry eye symptoms significantly increased the risk of CVS in the university population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortiz-Toquero
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA) (S.O.-T., I.S., A.S., R.M.), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España; Departamento de Física Teórica (S.O.-T., I.S., A.S., R.M.), Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España; and Optometry Research Group (S.O.-T., I.S., A.S., R.M.), IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Wu QL, Chen F. A Dual-Process Model of Promoting Employee Mental Health in Crises: Impacts of Leadership Health Support and Organizational Leaders' Crisis Communication in COVID-19. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1705-1713. [PMID: 37394912 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2231283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how organizations may promote their employees' mental health in difficult times. Drawing from organizational crisis communication and organizational health promotion research, it proposed and tested a dual-process model that links leadership health support, an essential dimension of organizational health culture, with organizational leaders' crisis communication (i.e. use of ethical-base responses) and workers' self-care awareness and perceived stress in a crisis. Through a survey of 502 full-time U.S. employees conducted during COVID-19, we found that organizational leaders' use of ethical-base responses predicted employees' enhanced self-care awareness and decreased stress levels. Further, leadership health support provided a double-buffer effect to sustain employee mental health by directly bolstering employees' self-care awareness and organizational leaders' use of ethical-base responses. The findings of this study bridge the gaps in organizational health promotion and crisis communication literature and offer practical suggestions for organizations seeking to foster employees' mental health challenges during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Luna Wu
- School of Communication, Levin College of Public Affairs and Education, Cleveland State University
| | - Feifei Chen
- Department of Communication, College of Charleston
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215
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Mosalpuria K, Bailey EV, Ko H, Hansen EJ, Wilson FA. Chronic Physical and Mental Health Conditions Associated With Employment Status in Veterans. AJPM FOCUS 2024; 3:100242. [PMID: 38993712 PMCID: PMC11238941 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Veterans commonly experience both poor health and employment difficulty. However, the research examining potential relationships between chronic physical and mental health conditions and employment in veterans has important limitations. This study examines those potential relationships using large-scale, nationally representative data. The authors' hypothesis was that veterans experiencing these conditions would be less likely to be employed than veterans without the conditions and, further, that there may be differences in these relationships when comparing male veterans with female veterans. Methods The study team conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from the 2004-2019 administrations of the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, which had items addressing health conditions, employment, and military experience. The authors assessed the relationship between health conditions and employment using multivariate logistic regression. Control variables included demographics, SES, family size, and survey year. Results Veterans experiencing diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, emphysema, arthritis, serious hearing loss, poor self-reported mental health, poor self-reported health, depression, or psychological distress were less likely to be employed than veterans without those conditions, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Veterans with diabetes had 25% lesser odds of being employed than veterans without the condition (95% CI=0.65, 0.85). Veterans with increased likelihood of depression had 35% lesser odds of being employed than veterans without depression (95% CI=0.52, 0.81). Conclusions This study adds evidence to the understanding of the role of chronic health conditions in employment status of veterans. The results support arguments for programs that aid veterans with both their health and their employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Mosalpuria
- Matheson Center for Health Care Studies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Elise V. Bailey
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- College of Social and Behavioral Science, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hyunkyu Ko
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eric J. Hansen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- College of Social and Behavioral Science, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fernando A. Wilson
- Matheson Center for Health Care Studies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Economics, College of Social and Behavioral Science, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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216
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Zuriekat M, Alqudah S, Semeraro H, Watson V, Rowan D, Kirby S, Ferguson M. The audiological rehabilitation of workers with hearing loss in the UK: a qualitative study of workers' perspectives. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:3946-3960. [PMID: 37800442 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2261375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unaddressed hearing loss can adversely affect employment and day-to-day work-life. Efficient and effective audiology support can help optimise hearing in the workplace. This study explores the audiological rehabilitation experiences of workers with hearing loss (WHL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four WHL with experience of a wide range of audiology services across the UK participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Three main themes were generated: Theme 1: mixed experiences with audiology services (subdivided into two subthemes and four sub-subthemes). Theme 2: audiology role in work support (subdivided into three subthemes). Theme 3: "I think support could be improved if…" (subdivided into two subthemes). CONCLUSION The audiological rehabilitation for working-age adults with hearing loss needs improvements to deliver sufficient support and quality care. Some of the barriers to having better-functioning hearing healthcare require fundamental standards in healthcare quality, such as access to services, staff (including audiologists) deaf awareness, information and technology support, and personalised care that considers work-life needs. Further research is required to evaluate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of improvements, such as support that extends beyond hearing aid care, whether from audiology or non-audiology services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Zuriekat
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Jordan & Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Safa Alqudah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Victoria Watson
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Daniel Rowan
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Kirby
- Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Melanie Ferguson
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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217
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Schellack S, Breidenbach C, Rick O, Kowalski C. Predictive factors for return to work among cancer survivors in Europe: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104422. [PMID: 38897312 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Of the 4.4 million people diagnosed with cancer in Europe each year, around 36 % are of working age. Return-to-work rates vary across Europe. Work is important for the individual, as well as for society, and this review aims to provide an overview of the predictors for the return to work (RTW) process in European cancer survivors of working age. A systematic literature search was conducted. The present review included quantitative and qualitative study designs published since 2013. In total, the review included 85 papers examining cancer survivors with various cancer diagnoses in 18 European countries. Identified predictive factors for RTW related to the social system, treatment, disease, health behavior, the individuals' psychosocial, work, and sociodemographic situations. There is a need for a standardized definition and operationalization of RTW. Providers can use these results to identify survivors at risk and support cancer survivors in their RTW process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schellack
- German Cancer Society, Kuno-Fischer-Straße 8, Berlin 14057, Germany.
| | | | - Oliver Rick
- Center for Oncology Rehabilitation, Clinic Reinhardshoehe, Quellenstraße 8-12, Bad Wildungen 34537, Germany
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Ashworth M, Heasman B, Crane L, Remington A. Evaluating a new supported employment internship programme for autistic young adults without intellectual disability. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1934-1946. [PMID: 38014693 PMCID: PMC11301954 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231214834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Internships designed for autistic people can help them to find employment, but there is little research about the experiences of those involved with internship schemes. To learn more about a new paid internship scheme in the United Kingdom, the Employ Autism network, we interviewed 19 interns, who were autistic young adults without intellectual disability taking part in one of eight different internships. We also interviewed 22 employers (who worked with the interns), and 10 parents (who supported their children in the internship). The interns, employers and parents told us that the Employ Autism network was a valuable experience that helped the interns become more confident. Also, the parents said it helped the interns become more independent. All the groups said the Employ Autism network removed common barriers to employment, and interns and parents said it would help interns get a job in future. Employers and interns said they understood each other better during the internship, and employers said the internship made them think about how their organisations might have accidentally had barriers in place that could stop autistic people getting employed (barriers that they wanted to address in future). However, all groups said some expectations of the internship were not met. These findings suggest the Employ Autism network is helpful for autistic young adults without intellectual disability and employers, but that there are ways that the internships could be improved in future. We discuss the lessons we can learn from the Employ Autism network that might help others who are thinking about setting up, or getting involved in, similar internship schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ashworth
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK
| | - Brett Heasman
- School of Education, Language & Psychology, York St John University, UK
| | - Laura Crane
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK
| | - Anna Remington
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK
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Sayin Kasar K, Kutmec Yilmaz C. Nursing students' pain management self-efficacy and attitude towards patients with chronic pain: What can be done better in education? A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 79:104043. [PMID: 38968821 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study has been conducted to determine nursing students' pain management self-efficacy and attitudes towards patients with chronic pain. BACKGROUND Pain is a significant phenomenon that often leads individuals to seek medical attention, influenced by various factors and commonly encountered by healthcare professionals. Adequate knowledge and positive attitudes among nurses play a crucial role in the thorough assessment and effective management of pain, resulting in favorable outcomes for hospitalized individuals. DESIGN This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. METHODS The research was conducted with 322 undergraduate students who were continuing their education in the autumn semester of the 2023-2024 academic year at Aksaray University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Data have been collected by using Student Information Form, Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ) and the Attitude of Healthcare Professionals towards Patients with Chronic Pain Scale. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis significance test and Spearman Correlation analysis have been used to evaluate the data. RESULTS The mean total score of the PMSEQ was 62.91 (SD 15.58) and the mean total score of the Attitude of Healthcare Professionals Towards Patients with Chronic Pain Scale was 3.94 (SD.52). Those students who willingly opted for the nursing profession, perceived themselves as proficient in managing chronic pain, administered care to patients experiencing pain during clinical placements, believed they received sufficient education in pain management throughout their studies and rated their overall health status as "very poor" demonstrated higher levels of self-efficacy in pain management (p<0.05). As a result of the analysis performed according to the mean scores of the Attitude of Healthcare Professionals Towards Chronic Pain Patients Scale and its sub-dimensions of the students participating in the study, a statistically significant difference has been found according to their gender, academic year and self-sufficiency in pain management (p<0.05). It has been determined that there is a weak positive correlation between the total mean scores of the participants' PMSEQ and the Attitude of Healthcare Professionals Towards Patients with Chronic Pain scale (r=.260; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this study, as nursing students' self-confidence in pain management self-efficacy increased, their attitudes towards patients with pain also increased positively. In the nursing curriculum, there is a necessity for integrating pain management education and fostering awareness to adequately equip nursing students in addressing the pain requirements of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Sayin Kasar
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Cemile Kutmec Yilmaz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Doménech-García V, Skovlund SV, Bellosta-López P, Calatayud J, López-Bueno R, Andersen LL. Does the distribution of musculoskeletal pain shape the fate of long-term sick leave? A prospective cohort study with register follow-up. Pain 2024; 165:1875-1881. [PMID: 38284407 PMCID: PMC11247451 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although multisite pain can markedly reduce work ability, the relevance of the bodily pain distribution as a predictor of long-term sick leave is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between musculoskeletal pain distributions and long-term sick leave in the general working population of Denmark and included 66,177 currently employed wage earners without long-term sick leave during the prior 52 weeks. Participants reported whether they had pain in the lower extremity (hips/knees), upper extremity (neck/shoulders), or the low back. The analysis controlled for age, sex, year of survey reply, educational level, occupational group, psychosocial work factors, body max index, smoking, leisure-time physical activity, and mental health confounders. The results demonstrated that the risk of long-term sick leave increased with the number of pain sites. Compared with no pain, localized pain in any body region increased the risk/hazard by 25% to 29% (HR [95% CI]: 1.29 [1.07-1.54] for pain only in the low back), whereas pain in 2 regions increased the risk by 39% to 44% (HR [95% CI]: 1.41 [1.18-1.69] for pain in the low back + hips/knees). Workers reporting pain in all 3 regions experienced a 72% increased risk (HR [95% CI]: 1.72 [1.55-1.91]). Thus, the number of pain regions seems to matter more than the exact pain location. The spatial extension of musculoskeletal pain in workers functions as a gradient system, where pain spread throughout the body is an independent indicator of the high risk of long-term sick leave.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Venge Skovlund
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Bellosta-López
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Wiediartini, Ciptomulyono U, Dewi RS. Evaluation of physiological responses to mental workload in n-back and arithmetic tasks. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:1121-1133. [PMID: 37970874 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2284677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Working memory tasks, such as n-back and arithmetic tasks, are frequently used in studying mental workload. The present study investigated and compared the sensitivity of several physiological measures at three levels of difficulty of n-back and arithmetic tasks. The results showed significant differences in fixation duration and pupil diameter among three task difficulty levels for both n-back and arithmetic tasks. Pupil diameters increase with increasing mental workload, whereas fixation duration decreases. Blink duration and heart rate (HR) were significantly increased as task difficulty increased in the n-back task, while root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) were significantly decreased in the arithmetic task. On the other hand, blink rate and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) were not sensitive enough to assess the differences in task difficulty for both tasks. All significant physiological measures yielded significant differences between low and high task difficulty except for SDNN.Practitioner summary: This study aimed to assess the sensitivity levels of several physiological measures of mental workload in n-back and arithmetic tasks. It showed that pupil diameter was the most sensitive in both tasks. This study also found that most physiological indices are sensitive to an extreme change in task difficulty levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiediartini
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Safety and Health Engineering Study Program, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Udisubakti Ciptomulyono
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Sari Dewi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Torres IN, Pereira HP, Moreira MBP, Marina S, Ricou M. Prevalence of stigma towards mental illness among Portuguese healthcare professionals: a descriptive and comparative study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1425301. [PMID: 39149153 PMCID: PMC11324421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1425301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stigmatising attitudes among healthcare professionals can hinder access to healthcare, making it important to address this issue. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stigma related to mental illness among Portuguese healthcare professionals and to compare the results among mental health professionals, General Practitioners (GPs) and other health professionals. Methods An online cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Portugal using Google Forms® to collect data. The data collection process lasted five months, from September 2023 to January 2024. Participants were recruited from various professional associations and Health Centre Groups, through a purposive sampling. The study used the Portuguese version of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC) to measure stigma which assesses three dimensions: attitudes towards disclosure and help-seeking, attitudes towards people with mental illness, and attitudes towards social distance. Results A total of 292 healthcare professionals participated in the study. In Portugal, healthcare professionals displayed low to moderate levels of stigma towards mental illness (M = 22.17, SD = 5.41). Mental health professionals demonstrated significantly lower levels of stigma (M=20.37, SD=5.37) compared to other healthcare professionals (M=24.15, SD=4.71), including GPs (M=23.97, SD=5.03). Additionally, having a close friend or relative with mental illness seemed to be related with lower levels of stigma for the dimension attitudes towards social distance (M=6.93, SD=2.50), compared to not having one (M=7.60, SD=2.56). On the other hand, a personal history of mental illness indicated higher levels of stigma for the dimension disclosure and help-seeking (M=8.95, SD=3.07), compared to having no history of mental illness (M=8.16, SD=2.67). Conclusion This study indicates that Portuguese healthcare professionals have stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness, although at low to moderate levels. Training and frequent interaction with people with mental illness seem to be associated with lower levels of stigma. Personal experience of mental illness seems to follow the opposite path regarding disclosure and seeking help. Thus, further research is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-stigma measures and deepen the study of the concept of self-stigma in healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês N Torres
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena P Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sílvia Marina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ricou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Probst Y, Kinnane E. Quality of reporting health behaviors for multiple sclerosis (QuoRH-MS): A scoping review to inform intervention planning and improve consistency of reporting. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3635. [PMID: 39148370 PMCID: PMC11327400 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition that necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to aid those living with MS in managing their disease. Health behavior, or lifestyle modification, is an emerging approach to MS self-management. MS researchers utilize measurement tools to ensure that interventions are best suited to the outcomes, thereby potentially influencing practice. The aim of this study was to investigate which tools are being used for health behavior management studies in people living with MS and develop an aid for tool selection. METHODS A scoping review guided by the PRISMA-Sc checklist and the JBI manual for evidence synthesis was employed with a systematic search strategy executed across four scientific databases: Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Libraries. The types of assessment tools used were extracted from the included studies. Each tool was categorized into the health behavior intervention discipline (nutrition, exercise, and psychology) and then subcategorized by the tool's purpose. The frequency of use was determined for each tool. Reporting of validation of the assessment tools were collated to inform a tool selection checklist. RESULTS The review identified a total of 248 tools (12 nutrition, 55 exercise, and 119 psychology unique reports) from 166 studies. Seventy-seven multidimensional tools were identified including measures of quality of life, fatigue, and functional scales. Only 88 studies (53%) referred to the validity of the tools. The most commonly reported tools were the dietary habits questionnaire (n = 4, nutrition), 6-minute walk test (n = 17, exercise), Symbol Digits and Modalities Test, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (n = 15 each, psychology) with the Expanded Disability Status Scale reported 43 times. CONCLUSION Evidence from interventions may inform practice for health professionals. This review provides insights into the range of tools reported across health behavior intervention studies for MS and offers a guide toward more consistent reporting of study methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Kinnane
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Parada FJ, Grasso-Cladera A, Rossi A, Soto-Icaza P, Arenas-Pérez M, Errázuriz MC. Applied human neuroscience: Fostering and designing inclusive environments with the 3E-Cognition perspective. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4148-4168. [PMID: 39001625 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The conventional medical paradigm often focuses on deficits and impairments, failing to capture the rich tapestry of experiences and abilities inherent in neurodiversity conditions. In this article, we introduce the 3E-Cognition perspective, offering a paradigm shift by emphasizing the dynamic interplay between the brain, body, and environment in shaping cognitive processes. The perspective fosters a more inclusive and supportive understanding of neurodiversity, with potential applications across various domains such as education, workplace, and healthcare. We begin by introducing the 3E-Cognition principles: embodied, environmentally scaffolded, and enactive. Then, we explore how the 3E-Cognition perspective can be applied to create inclusive environments and experiences for neurodiverse individuals. We provide examples in the realms of education, workplace, and healthcare. In all of these domains, spaces, methodologies, epistemologies, and roles that cater to diverse needs and strengths can be designed using the 3E principles. Finally, we discuss the challenges and benefits of implementing the 3E-Cognition perspective. We focus on the need for technological advancements and research in complex real-world scenarios; we suggest mobile brain/body imaging is a possible solution. We furthermore highlight the importance of recognizing and valuing the diverse manners of experiencing and interacting with the world, the promotion of diverse well-being, and the facilitation of innovation and creativity. Thus, we conclude that the 3E-Cognition perspective offers a groundbreaking approach to understanding and supporting neurodiversity: by embracing the inherent interconnectedness of the brain, body, and environment, we can create a more inclusive and supportive world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Parada
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología (CENHN), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Diseño, Facultad de Arquitectura, Arte y Diseño, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile, Salvador Sanfuentes 2221, Santiago, Metropolitan, Chile
| | | | - Alejandra Rossi
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología (CENHN), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maritza Arenas-Pérez
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología (CENHN), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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225
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Bilodeau K, Gouin MM, Fadhlaoui A, Porro B. Supporting the return to work of breast cancer survivors: perspectives from Canadian employer representatives. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:1384-1392. [PMID: 37140676 PMCID: PMC10157121 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PUR POSE: A significant proportion of women with breast cancer want to RTW (return to work) after treatment. Employers play a key role in facilitating RTW for these employees who face distinct challenges. However, the portrait of these challenges remains to be documented from the perspective of employer representatives. The purpose of this article is to describe the perceptions of Canadian employer representatives regarding the management of the RTW of BCSs (breast cancer survivors). METHODS Thirteen qualitative interviews were conducted with representatives from businesses of various sizes (< 100 employees, 100-500 employees, > 500 employees). Transcribed data were subjected to iterative data analysis. RESULTS Three major themes emerged to describe employer representatives' perceptions of managing RTW of BCS. These are (1) providing tailored support; (2) remaining 'human' while managing RTW; and (3) facing the challenges of RTW management after breast cancer. The first two themes were perceived as facilitating RTW. The challenges identified concern uncertainty, communication with the employee, maintaining a supernumerary work position, balancing employee and organizational interests, reconciling with colleagues' complaints, and collaboration among stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS Employers can adopt a humanistic management style by offering flexibility and increased accommodation for BCS who RTW. They can also be more sensitive to this diagnosis, leading some to seek more information from those around them who have experienced it. Employers require increased awareness about diagnosis and side effects, be more confident to communicate, and improved collaboration between stakeholders to facilitate the RTW of BCS. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Employers who focus on the individual needs of cancer survivors during RTW can facilitate creative and personalized solutions for a sustainable RTW and help survivors recover their lives after cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bilodeau
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Centre of Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Asma Fadhlaoui
- Research Centre of Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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226
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Sun B, Wu J, Li C, Li C, Hu Z, Wang R. Effects of different extreme cold exposure on heart rate variability. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:1147-1163. [PMID: 37988319 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2286906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Frequent extreme cold events in recent years have brought serious threats to outdoor workers and rescuers. Changes in ambient temperature are associated with altered cardiac autonomic function. The study aims to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) and its relationship to other physiological parameters under extreme cold exposures. Twelve males underwent a 30-min preconditioning phase in a neutral environment followed by a 30-min cold exposure (-5, -10, -15, and -20 °C). Time-domain indexes(meanRR, SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50), frequency domain indexes [Log(HF), Log(LF), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF)], parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) were analysed. Results showed all HRV indexes of four cold exposures were significant. The decrease in temperature was accompanied by progressive PNS activation with SNS retraction. SDNN was the most sensitive HRV index and had good linear relationships with blood pressure, pulse, and hand temperature. The results are significant for formulating safety protection strategies for workers in extremely cold environments.Practitioner Summary: This study investigated heart rate variability (HRV) in 12 males during a 30-min cold exposure (-5, -10, -15, and -20 °C). Results showed all HRV indexes of four cold exposures were significant. The decrease in temperature was accompanied by progressive PNS activation with SNS retraction. SDNN was the most sensitive HRV index and had good linear relationships with blood pressure, pulse, and hand temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Sun
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Wu
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenming Li
- System Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqiang Hu
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
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227
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Hawes FM, Wang S. A Comparative Study of Organizational Grief Support and Burnout Among Nursing Home Staff. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnae065. [PMID: 38832394 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dimensions of grief support (recognition of the relationship, acknowledgement of the loss, and inclusion of the griever) and aspects of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) among nursing home staff. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from 553 nursing home workers from 37 nursing home facilities in 5 states during fall of 2022. Responses to the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Grief Support Health Care Scale were analyzed for this study. RESULTS The study found that recognizing the relationship with deceased patients led to a decrease in exhaustion and depersonalization among workers while simultaneously enhancing their sense of personal accomplishment. Including the griever in the support process lowered all burnout subscales for nursing home staff. Acknowledging the loss was associated with higher levels of personal accomplishment. Registered nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians experienced higher levels of exhaustion and depersonalization compared to other nursing home staff. Behavioral health workers had the highest personal accomplishment, whereas direct support workers reported the lowest. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings have important implications for improving the well-being of nursing home staff, emphasizing the importance of organizational grief support, and tailored interventions to address burnout among different healthcare provider roles in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Hawes
- Health Care Administration Department, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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228
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Uniyal R, Shahnawaz MG. Wellbeing and Problematic Smartphone Use: Serial Mediation of Mindfulness and Self-Compassion. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1705-1726. [PMID: 36420682 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221141311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between wellbeing and Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) has been explored in the past, however, the role of the potential mediators of this association is a relatively neglected area of research. Therefore, the current study examined mindfulness and self-compassion as mediators of the relationship between wellbeing and PSU in 220 university students. WHO-5 Wellbeing Index, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale- State, Self-Compassion Scale- Short form and Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version were used for assessing wellbeing, mindfulness, self-compassion, and PSU respectively. Wellbeing had a direct and indirect effect on PSU. In addition, results supported a serial mediation model where wellbeing was found to influence PSU via mindfulness and self-compassion in a sequential manner. The results expanded the Compensatory Internet Use Theory (CIUT) to understand PSU and have implications for the management of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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229
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Sblendorio E, Dentamaro V, Lo Cascio A, Germini F, Piredda M, Cicolini G. Integrating human expertise & automated methods for a dynamic and multi-parametric evaluation of large language models' feasibility in clinical decision-making. Int J Med Inform 2024; 188:105501. [PMID: 38810498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent enhancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have exponentially increased user adoption. These models are accessible on mobile devices and support multimodal interactions, including conversations, code generation, and patient image uploads, broadening their utility in providing healthcare professionals with real-time support for clinical decision-making. Nevertheless, many authors have highlighted serious risks that may arise from the adoption of LLMs, principally related to safety and alignment with ethical guidelines. OBJECTIVE To address these challenges, we introduce a novel methodological approach designed to assess the specific feasibility of adopting LLMs within a healthcare area, with a focus on clinical nursing, evaluating their performance and thereby directing their choice. Emphasizing LLMs' adherence to scientific advancements, this approach prioritizes safety and care personalization, according to the "Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development" frameworks for responsible AI. Moreover, its dynamic nature is designed to adapt to future evolutions of LLMs. METHOD Through integrating advanced multidisciplinary knowledge, including Nursing Informatics, and aided by a prospective literature review, seven key domains and specific evaluation items were identified as follows:A Peer Review by experts in Nursing and AI was performed, ensuring scientific rigor and breadth of insights for an essential, reproducible, and coherent methodological approach. By means of a 7-point Likert scale, thresholds are defined in order to classify LLMs as "unusable", "usable with high caution", and "recommended" categories. Nine state of the art LLMs were evaluated using this methodology in clinical oncology nursing decision-making, producing preliminary results. Gemini Advanced, Anthropic Claude 3 and ChatGPT 4 achieved the minimum score of the State of the Art Alignment & Safety domain for classification as "recommended", being also endorsed across all domains. LLAMA 3 70B and ChatGPT 3.5 were classified as "usable with high caution." Others were classified as unusable in this domain. CONCLUSION The identification of a recommended LLM for a specific healthcare area, combined with its critical, prudent, and integrative use, can support healthcare professionals in decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sblendorio
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dentamaro
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy. https://twitter.com/vincenzoden
| | - Alessio Lo Cascio
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; La Maddalena Cancer Center, Via San Lorenzo 312, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Germini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; Direttore di Distretto Sociosanitario, ASL Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Piredda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit Nursing Science, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cicolini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti - Pescara, Italy
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Majczyk J, Dubel P. Human resources development: Evaluating perceptions against policy. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2024; 105:102437. [PMID: 38810524 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2024.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The objective of sustaining smart, sustainable and cohesive inclusive growth, framed by the European strategy, is in line with the global commitments of the Sustainable Development Goals. Thus, an analysis of people's attitudes towards social policy and perceptions of professional development in Poland against European development policy is crucial. The nationwide representative sample included 1000 respondents aged 18-64. The study used principal component analysis (PCA), an approach for the multi-response optimisation. The results indicate that respondents' evaluations are in line with the direction of EU labour policy, where their decisions correspond to the planned priorities oriented towards inclusion and cohesion. The PCA analysis showed that employee competencies and priorities for individual standing can be considered strongly correlated. Competencies were also found to be important for the platform to support systemic development. However, the items included in the analysis that are beyond the scope of the ESF+ , although even correlated, are of lesser importance. The research results allow to expand knowledge on the perception of the development policy facets promoted by the EU, supplemented by themes of leadership or immigrants. The study may become a starting point for inclusive and cohesive working climate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Majczyk
- Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, 02-678 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Dubel
- Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, 02-678 Warsaw, Poland
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231
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van den Berg M, Baum F. Ghosts in the labour market: perceived health implications of informal labour in Australia. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae089. [PMID: 39096039 PMCID: PMC11296826 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Employment conditions are important social and commercial determinants of health. Informal employment-also known as 'cash-in-hand' and 'undeclared' work-is a discrete employment condition that has salience around the world. Fuelled by neoliberal ideology, informal employment has become increasingly common in high-income countries. Public health research concerning the health of informal workers comes largely from low- and middle-income countries, where the phenomenon is more visible. There has been little research on the health effects of informal employment in high-income countries including Australia. Twenty-nine workers aged 18 years and older, who were undertaking informal work activities, were recruited using social media and an online marketplace in Tarndanya (Adelaide-Kaurna Country), Australia. Qualitative narrative data, demographic profiles, and physical and mental health scores were collected. Most informal workers reported unfair and indecent employment conditions including job insecurity, low income, coercion, and lack of respect and dignity at work, and were often exposed to unsafe and unhealthy work environments. Workplace injuries and exposure to occupational hazards were common; and Physical and Mental Component Scores were poorer among informal workers when compared to the population of South Australia as a whole. With informal employment in Australia described as part of a 'significant, pervasive, damaging and growing' problem, there is a need for a health promotion lens over industrial relations policies in the interest of creating equitable access to fair and decent work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van den Berg
- Stretton Health Equity, Stretton Institute, University of Adelaide, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Fran Baum
- Stretton Health Equity, Stretton Institute, University of Adelaide, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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232
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Wadhwa S, Taouk Y, Spittal MJ, King T. Workplace Injury Compensation and Mental Health and Self-Harm Outcomes: A Systematic Review. New Solut 2024; 34:71-82. [PMID: 38767147 PMCID: PMC11331669 DOI: 10.1177/10482911241254836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Workers' compensation systems aim to financially support injured workers. However, seeking compensation often leads to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This review examines previous studies to investigate the relationship between workers' compensation and mental health and self-harm outcomes. A three-tiered search strategy across five databases identified studies that examined workers' compensation claims as an exposure or risk factor, with outcomes related to mental health, self-harm and suicidality. Nine full-text studies were included; however, heterogeneity limited generalizability. Most studies supported an association between pursuing compensation and poorer mental health and self-harm outcomes. Some studies attributed this to specific aspects of the system such as justice perception and navigation of the claims system. Findings suggest an association between workers' compensation and mental health or self-harm outcomes. Inconclusive findings highlight the need for further research. Understanding the psychiatric impacts of pursuing compensation is crucial to help formulate a more accessible compensation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Wadhwa
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yamna Taouk
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania King
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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233
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Trew S. Made to feel different: Families perspectives on external responses to autism and the impacts on family well-being and relationships. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:2120-2139. [PMID: 38240288 PMCID: PMC11301965 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231221684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT The influence of the environment on different groups of people with disabilities has rarely been studied in the context of neurodevelopmental disabilities, such as autism, in adolescence. This study explored how external responses to autism affect the experiences, outcomes and family relationships of autistic adolescents and their family members, including siblings and parents. This study adds to the knowledge of factors that contribute to the social disadvantage and exclusion autistic adolescents and their families face in their communities. Interviews with 30 participants from families with an autistic adolescent show that external factors greatly impact the well-being of autistic adolescents and their families. The school environment, including sensory overload, bullying and negative interactions with teachers, was found to be a key factor that negatively influenced mental health and family relationships. The study also revealed that isolation and stigma are major concerns for families, indicating the importance of public awareness campaigns to increase understanding of autism. In addition, the lack of adequate support and services presented significant challenges for families. The study emphasises the importance of person-centred approaches to providing services, which involve including autistic individuals and their families in designing and delivering support.
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234
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Wijayaratnam A, Kozlowska O, Krayem A, Kaur S, Ayres H, Smith R, Paterson J, Moghabghab R, Henshall C. Nurses' experiences of racism in mental health settings through patient and family interactions: A systematic review. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:834-858. [PMID: 38519874 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Nursing staff engage readily with patients and associates in mental health/forensic inpatient settings. These settings are known to have instances of workplace violence directed towards staff and such violence includes racism. Racism is a form of workplace violence that must be better understood and supported within this complex setting. Completing a systematic review to coalesce preexisting research and suggested interventions can be beneficial to supporting nurses. Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. CINAHL, PsycInfo, Medline, British Nursing Database and Web of Science databases were searched. Reviewers screened the papers for inclusion (29 articles out of 7146 were selected for inclusion) and completed the quality appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Subsequently, data extraction was completed, and findings were summarised through narrative synthesis. The way racism was conceptualised impacted how data was collected, reported and interpreted; racism was silenced or exposed depending on how studies were undertaken. If exposed, evidence indicates racism is a problem but is not always acknowledged or acted upon. Some evidence determined racism led to negative work-related outcomes. The literature provided limited examples of interventions. These included changing education/orientation for staff, openly discussing racist events and better planning for patients among colleagues and management. Increasing diversity within the workforce requires more research exploring and addressing issues related to racism towards nurses. Narratives of racism being normalised and embedded in mental health/forensic settings need to be challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satinder Kaur
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Ayres
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jane Paterson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rola Moghabghab
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cathy Henshall
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Talbott J, Khurana A, Wasson M. The Supply of Surgical Specialists and Subspecialists to the U.S. Medicare Population: National Trends from 2013 to 2019. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:889-896. [PMID: 38363800 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The U.S. population is rapidly aging. The supply of surgeons needed to meet this demand should be evaluated. This study evaluated the trends in supply of Medicare surgeons by specialty and by U.S. state and region. METHOD All surgeons associated with a National Provider Identifier for cardiothoracic surgery, colorectal surgery, general surgery, gynecologic oncology, hand surgery, neurosurgery, obstetrics-gynecology, ophthalmology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, surgical oncology, urology, and vascular surgery from 2013 to 2019 on the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website were included. The absolute number of physicians was adjusted per 100,000 Medicare beneficiaries. Annual change was calculated by linear regression model, and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was calculated per specialty. RESULTS The absolute number of physicians per 100,000 beneficiaries increased in 6 of 15 specialties during the study period. Vascular surgery had the largest annual increase (+0.23; CAGR, +2.75%), and obstetrics-gynecology had the largest annual decrease (-1.08; CAGR, -1.44%). Surgical oncology showed the largest positive CAGR (+4.20%). Oral and maxillofacial surgery had the largest negative CAGR (-2.86%). The Northeast was above the national average in supply for each specialty. The Midwest had the most specialties with positive CAGRs. The South did not meet the national average for physicians in any specialty. CONCLUSIONS This analysis of 15 surgical specialties provides important context to predicted physician shortages to the Medicare population. The study found geographic variation by region across specialty, which has important implications for health care planning from the level of undergraduate medical education to provision of hospital resources. Overall, the supply of surgeons across all specialties may not be sufficient to meet the demand of the rapidly aging U.S. population. Future study is needed to evaluate why surgeons are leaving the Medicare program.
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Cubis L, McDonald S, Dean P, Ramme R, D'Cruz K, Topping M, Fisher F, Winkler D, Douglas J. Using the Knowledge to Action framework to improve housing and support for people with Multiple Sclerosis. BRAIN IMPAIR 2024; 25:IB23102. [PMID: 39094010 DOI: 10.1071/ib23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have unique housing and support needs that are essential for maintaining independence at home; however, there is limited research to guide the design of community living options for this population. The aim of this study was to examine housing and support needs and preferences of people with MS with the intention to inform the planning of a co-designed intervention based on the study's findings. Methods Using the Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework, quantitative (n =79) and qualitative (n =6) data from people with MS were extracted and integrated from projects completed by the research team that explored the housing and support needs and preferences of people with disability. Results were synthesised and presented to a reference group for validation, contextualisation, and adaptation to the Australian context. Results High physical support needs were common across participants. People most commonly required home modifications to improve accessibility, such as ramps, equipment such as heating and cooling, and assistive technology. Many people required more than 8 hours per day of paid support. Moving into individualised housing facilitated independence and community reintegration. People reported gaps between what they wanted from support workers and what they received, citing individual and systemic barriers. Conclusion People with MS have support needs that require proactive and responsive funding arrangements, housing design and support provision. In line with KTA principles, findings will inform the planning of a co-designed intervention that involves people with lived experience of MS and other stakeholders to influence policy and improve home and living outcomes for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cubis
- Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Summer Foundation, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Sharyn McDonald
- Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and School of Communication and Creative Arts, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and School of Information and Communication Studies, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Pamela Dean
- Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Robin Ramme
- Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kate D'Cruz
- Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Summer Foundation, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Megan Topping
- Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Summer Foundation, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Fiona Fisher
- Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, Caulfield South, Vic, Australia
| | - Di Winkler
- Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Summer Foundation, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jacinta Douglas
- Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Summer Foundation, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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237
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Baixauli I, Dasí Molina M, Berenguer C. Occupational stress, burnout, and job satisfaction amongst Spanish speech-language pathologists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39089329 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2024.2355908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current research aimed to determine the prevalence and the relationships between perceived stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among practicing speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Spain. In addition, their perspectives and experiences related to their job were explored. METHOD A mixed methods research design was used with cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative methodology. Four hundred and thirty-eight SLPs completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Font Roja Job Satisfaction Questionnaire in order to report perceived stress, burnout, and job satisfaction, respectively. Ten SLPs participated in semi-structured interviews. RESULT With respect to stress, 61.6% of SLPs reported a moderate level of stress and 18.7% reported a high level of stress. With respect to burnout, only 7.56% of the participants met the criteria commonly used for its diagnosis. However, 45.2% of SLPs reported a high level of emotional exhaustion, and 52.7% expressed a low degree of personal accomplishment. Job satisfaction was average for 94% of SLPs and high for just 1% of participants. The level of job satisfaction was significantly related to job stress, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalisation. Qualitative content analyses produced themes and subthemes regarding work recognition, relationships with people in the workplace, work conditions, and job control. CONCLUSION A noteworthy percentage of SLPs reported emotional exhaustion and reduced personal achievement. Findings suggest that strengthening job control and social support might become protective factors to avoid the full development of burnout, which should impact positively on an individual's wellbeing and, in turn, the quality of the services provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Baixauli
- Departamento de Logopedia (Speech-Language Pathology Department), Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dasí Molina
- Departamento de Logopedia (Speech-Language Pathology Department), Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Berenguer
- Departamento de Logopedia (Speech-Language Pathology Department), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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238
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Duong P, Egan M, Meyer M, Morrison T, Sauvé-Schenk K. The impact of stroke on employment income: A cohort study using hospital and income tax data in Ontario, Canada. Clin Rehabil 2024; 38:1109-1117. [PMID: 38689431 PMCID: PMC11348632 DOI: 10.1177/02692155241249345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the impact of stroke on employment income among people employed at the time of stroke. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS People hospitalized for stroke in Ontario, Canada (2010-2014) and people without stroke matched on demographic characteristics. MAIN MEASURES Robust Poisson regression to estimate the effects of stroke on the probability of reporting employment income on tax returns over 3 years. Quantile regression difference-in-differences to estimate the changes in annual employment income attributable to stroke. RESULTS Stroke survivors were increasingly less likely to report any employment income poststroke, incidence rate ratios (IRR) 0.87 at 1 year (95% confidence intervals [CI]; 0.85-0.88), 0.82 at 2 years (95% CI; 0.81-0.84) and 0.81 at 3 years (95% CI; 0.79-0.82). IRR for reporting at least 50% of prestroke income levels were 0.76 at 1 year (95% CI; 0.75-0.78), 0.75 at 2 years (95% CI; 0.73-0.77) and 0.73 at 3 years (95% CI; 0.71-0.75). IRR for reporting at least 90% of prestroke income levels were 0.72 at 1 year (95% CI; 0.70-0.74), 0.66 at 2 years (95% CI; 0.64-0.68) and again 0.66 at 3 years (95% CI; 0.64-0.68). Relative changes in annual employment income attributable to stroke varied from a decrease of 13.8% (95% CI; 8.7-18.9) at the 75th income percentile to a decrease of 43.1% (95% CI; 18.7-67.6) at the 25th income percentile. CONCLUSIONS It is important for healthcare and service providers to recognize the impact of stroke on return to prestroke levels of employment income. Low-income stroke survivors experience a more drastic loss in employment income and may need additional social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Duong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mary Egan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Matthew Meyer
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Population Health, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
| | - Tricia Morrison
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katrine Sauvé-Schenk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Zhao Y, Feng S, Dong L, Wu Z, Ning Y. Dysfunction of large-scale brain networks underlying cognitive impairments in shift work disorder. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14080. [PMID: 37888149 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that shift work can affect cognitive functions. Several neuroimaging studies have revealed altered brain function and structure for patients with shift work disorder (SWD). However, knowledge on the dysfunction of large-scale brain networks underlying cognitive impairments in shift work disorder is limited. This study aims to identify altered functional networks associated with cognitive declines in shift work disorder, and to assess their potential diagnostic value. Thirty-four patients with shift work disorder and 36 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited to perform the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and resting-state functional scans. After surface-based preprocessing, we calculated within- and between-network functional connectivity (FC) using the Dosenbach atlas. Moreover, correlation analysis was done between altered functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks and scores of cognitive assessments in patients with shift work disorder. Finally, we established a classification model to provide features for patients with shift work disorder concerning the disrupted large-scale networks. Compared with healthy controls, increased functional connectivity within-networks across the seven brain networks, and between-networks involving ventral attention network (VAN)-subcortical network (SCN), SCN-frontoparietal network (FPN), and somatosensory network (SMN)-SCN were observed in shift work disorder. Decreased functional connectivity between brain networks was found in shift work disorder compared with healthy controls, including visual network (VN)-FPN, VN-default mode network (DMN), SMN-DMN, dorsal attention network (DAN)-DMN, VAN-DMN, and FPN-DMN. Furthermore, the altered functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks was significantly correlated with scores of immediate memory, visuospatial, and delayed memory in patients with shift work disorder, respectively. Abnormal functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks may play critical roles in cognitive dysfunction in shift work disorder. Our findings provide new evidence to interpret the underlying neural mechanisms of cognitive impairments in shift work disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospitaldiscu, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospitaldiscu, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linrui Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospitaldiscu, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospitaldiscu, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhe Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospitaldiscu, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rohloff N, Rothenhöfer M, Götz T, Schäfer SD. Observational pilot study on the influence of an app-based self-management program on the quality of life of women with endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:1157-1170. [PMID: 38869629 PMCID: PMC11258193 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometriosis can significantly impair the quality of life of those affected. Multimodal self-help measures are recommended but often difficult to access. Smartphone apps have been shown to improve the quality of life for other conditions with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is evidence of beneficial effects of the smartphone app "Endo-App®" and whether a multicenter randomized controlled trial should be planned to substantiate these effects. METHODS In a sample of N = 106 women affected by endometriosis the present study determined the influence of the use of Endo-App® on their quality of life. Among others, the validated questionnaire Endometriosis Health Profile from Oxford University was used for this purpose. RESULTS The use of Endo-App® lead to a highly significant improvement in quality of life already after 2 weeks. A statistically significant change was found for nine out of ten measured variables of quality of life. A series of further analyses validated that the measured positive effects were not due to other confounding factors. CONCLUSION In summary, the results indicate that the quality of life of women with endometriosis improved by the digital self-management tool Endo-App®. More studies are needed to further explore the influence of the app on quality of life and as confirmatory evidence of beneficial effects. For this purpose, a randomized controlled trial should be conducted over a longer period of time. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under the registration number NCT05528601 on August 18, 2022. It was retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rohloff
- Endo Health GmbH, Theaterstraße 56, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Teresa Götz
- Endo Health GmbH, Theaterstraße 56, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Daniel Schäfer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clemenshospital Münster, Düesbergweg 124, 48153, Münster, Germany.
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Tena-García B, Barrientos-Trigo S, Escudero-Carretero MJ, Sánchez-Gómez S. Economic Analysis of Cochlear Implants in Adults With Bilateral Severe-to-Profound Hearing Loss. A Systematic Review of the Literature. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:717-731. [PMID: 38896785 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cost-effectiveness or cost-utility of cochlear implants (CI) in adults with severe to profound bilateral hearing loss. DATABASES REVIEWED PubMed (Medline), The Cochrane Library, Embase via Elsevier, EBSCOhost CINAHL, and Scopus. METHODS The study included adult participants with severe to profound bilateral neurosensory hearing loss. The analysis encompassed quality of life improvements, costs, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, cost-benefit, quality-adjusted life year (QALY), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR). Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case series, and prospective or retrospective cohort studies published in English between 2010 and 2023 were retrieved. Exclusion criteria included incomplete studies, abstracts, clinical cases, editorials, letters, studies involving pediatric populations, single-side deafness, methodology research, noneconomic aspects of CI, mixed child and adult data, and studies published before 2010. The risk of bias was assessed following the criteria outlined in Appendix I of the economic evaluation's quality assessment as per the NICE Guideline Development Method. RESULTS Ten articles met the criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. One study conducted a prospective cost-utility analyses, one carried out a cost-benefit analyses, one was a randomized controlled clinical trial focusing on cost-utility, and another was a clinical trial addressing cost-effectiveness. Six studies employed Markov models, and one study utilized uniquely the Monte Carlo method. None quantified the economic impact of improved hearing on cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity of sources impacted data quality. Unilateral and sequential bilateral CI appeared to be cost-effective when compared with bilateral hearing aids or nontechnological support. When properly indicated, simultaneous bilateral CIs are cost-effective compared to no interventions and to unilateral cochlear implantation through differential discounting or variations from the base cases, especially with a life expectancy of 5-10 years or longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Tena-García
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital
| | | | | | - Serafín Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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242
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Megha KB, Arathi A, Shikha S, Alka R, Ramya P, Mohanan PV. Significance of Melatonin in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Disease Management. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5541-5571. [PMID: 38206471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, the 'hormone of darkness' is a neuronal hormone secreted by the pineal gland and other extra pineal sites. Responsible for the circadian rhythm and seasonal behaviour of vertebrates and mammals, melatonin is responsible for regulating various physiological conditions and the maintenance of sleep, body weight and the neuronal activities of the ocular sites. With its unique amphiphilic structure, melatonin can cross the cellular barriers and elucidate its activities in the subcellular components, including mitochondria. Melatonin is a potential scavenger of oxygen and nitrogen-reactive species and can directly obliterate the ROS and RNS by a receptor-independent mechanism. It can also regulate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in various pathological conditions and exhibit therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative, psychiatric disorders and cancer. Melatonin is also found to show its effects on major organs, particularly the brain, liver and heart, and also imparts a role in the modulation of the immune system. Thus, melatonin is a multifaceted candidate with immense therapeutic potential and is still considered an effective supplement on various therapies. This is primarily due to rectification of aberrant circadian rhythm by improvement of sleep quality associated with risk development of neurodegenerative, cognitive, cardiovascular and other metabolic disorders, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - A Arathi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Saini Shikha
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rao Alka
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prabhu Ramya
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Government Arts College, Trivandrum, 695 014, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India.
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Kim JH, Weon YS, Kwon OY. Comparison of wrist range of motion and muscle strength in assembly workers with and without lateral epicondylitis. Work 2024:WOR230725. [PMID: 39093103 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral epicondylitis (LE), also called tennis elbow, is a common musculoskeletal disorder that causes pain in the elbow area and is highly prevalent in assembly workers who repeatedly move their wrists. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the wrist ROM and muscle strength of assembly workers with and without LE. METHODS Forty-five male assembly line workers (23 with LE) participated in the study. Participants had their wrist range of motion (flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation) and strength (wrist flexors, extensors, and hand grip) measured using Smart KEMA sensors. RESULTS Workers with LE showed significantly reduced wrist extension and radial deviation ROM compared to workers without LE, with no significant differences in wrist flexion and ulnar deviation ROM between groups. Workers with LE had significantly lower wrist extensor strength compared to workers without LE, and there was no significant difference in wrist flexor and grip strength between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS For workers with LE, the difference in wrist ROM and muscle strength will be useful for planning intervention and evaluating treatment outcomes for assembly workers with LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeonsedae-gil, Maeji-ri, Heungeop-myeon, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Young-Soo Weon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeonsedae-gil, Maeji-ri, Heungeop-myeon, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Oh-Yun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeonsedae-gil, Maeji-ri, Heungeop-myeon, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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Bai R, Liu J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Liu X. Influence of stress on self-injury among Chinese left-behind adolescents is not cast in stone: Synergistic roles of family protective factors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106948. [PMID: 39032354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left-behind adolescents are vulnerable to stressful life events and often engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which is a growing public concern in China. However, little is known about the synergistic protective effect of family resources on the relationship between stressful life events and NSSI in these adolescents. OBJECTIVE Based on theories of family socialization and resilience, the aim of this study was to examine the synergistic protective role of maternal knowledge and mother-child cohesion in buffering the effect of stressful life events on NSSI in father-absent left-behind adolescents. METHODS This study used two-wave longitudinal data. The analytical sample included 673 adolescents (Mage = 13.47 ± 1.11 years, 48 % male) who were enlisted from 4 junior high schools in rural China. Respondents completed questionnaires on stressful life events, parental knowledge, parent-child cohesion, and NSSI at two-time points. RESULTS The effects of stressful life events on NSSI were significant in father-absent left-behind adolescents. Additionally, maternal knowledge moderated the associations between stressful life events and NSSI in father-absent left-behind adolescents. Moreover, maternal knowledge and mother-child cohesion were found to play synergistic protective roles in the relationship between stressful life events and NSSI. In father-absent left-behind adolescents, only high maternal knowledge and high-quality mother-child cohesion could eliminate the negative effect of stressful life events on NSSI. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the synergistic protective roles of maternal knowledge and mother-child cohesion in buffering the negative effect of stressful life events on NSSI in father-absent left-behind adolescents. Both maternal knowledge and mother-child cohesion should be considered in interventions aimed at reducing NSSI in these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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245
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Armoon B, Hosseini Koukamari P, Rouhani MR, Gharegozloo L, Karimy M, Coetzer-Liversage A. Comparison of Quality of Life and Coping Strategies among Firefighters and Emergency Medical Services Personnel in Saveh, Iran. New Solut 2024; 34:120-132. [PMID: 39051618 DOI: 10.1177/10482911241258256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Emergency medical service (EMS) personnel and firefighters (FFs) are first responders in dangerous and stressful situations. They experience high stress due to the nature of their jobs, which can affect their quality of life and various health dimensions. This study aimed to compare quality of life, job stress, and coping strategies in a sample of EMS personnel and FF employees in Iran. This cross-sectional study included 186 FFs and EMS, who were selected using a census sampling method. Our results showed that FFs had a better quality of life, lower perceived stress, and better coping skills than EMS. Individuals living in rural areas, government officials, and staff with regular work shifts also reported less perceived stress. Furthermore, our results indicated a negative and significant correlation between perceived stress and quality of life and a positive and significant correlation between stress management and quality of life in both groups. Given the inevitability of stress in EMS and FF jobs, policymakers need to take interventional measures to reduce anxiety and enhance the quality of life and work for these personnel. Occupational health policies in Iran generally follow the International Labor Organizational recommended standards, however, more attention to managerial interventions that reduce job demands and job stress combined with health promotion programs to improve coping are advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Armoon
- Department of public health, faculty of health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Parisa Hosseini Koukamari
- Department of health education and promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rouhani
- Internal medicine department, faculty of medicine, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Leila Gharegozloo
- Department of public health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Mahmood Karimy
- Department of public health, faculty of health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh
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Hu J, Li FW, Luo SK, Wang HB. Evaluation of the Reproducibility of Auricular Subunit Markers Based on Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:3068-3075. [PMID: 38839616 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a facial feature, the auricle plays an important role in the integrity and aesthetics of the whole face. Auricular subunits are associated with patient satisfaction in auricular reconstruction, but there are few studies on auricular subunits. We want to evaluate the reproducibility of auricular subunits by measuring the coordinates of the marker points of auricular subunits, accordingly provide a reference for the improvement of auricular reconstruction and the aesthetics of auricular injection. METHODS Mimics 19.0 was used to carry out three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the computed tomography (CT) scan data of patients' brains; measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the 13 auricular subunit markers, the morphological auricle length and width, and the physiological auricle length and width; and analyze the reproducibility as well as the differences between group. RESULTS Reproducibility of auricle subunit markers: There are 1124 (58.82%) high reproducibility, 580 (30.35%) moderate reproducibility, and 207 (10.83%) low reproducibility. The superior tragus notch, tragus, and antitragus had the highest reproducibility. There was no significant difference between the groups in the marking points on the helix, and there were no statistically significant differences in the measurement values of the auricles on the two sides. The physiological ear length and width and the morphological ear length of males were larger than those of females. These showed significant differences between the age groups. CONCLUSION Most auricular subunit markers have high reproducibility. The subunits with higher reproducibility are the structures that need to be optimized during auricle reconstruction surgery or auricle injection in the future. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, 510315, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang-Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, 510315, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Kang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, 510315, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, 510315, Guangdong Province, China.
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Behzadi F, Luy DD, Zsigray B, Uram Z, Iordanou J, Ng IB, Zywiciel JF, Germanwala AV. Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Is Associated with More Severe Forward Head Posture in Patients with Cervicalgia. World Neurosurg 2024:S1878-8750(24)01320-2. [PMID: 39089651 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.07.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic risk factors of posterior circulation ischemic strokes remain unknown. There is, however, evidence that anatomical variations within the vertebrobasilar system could potentially lead to the development of posterior circulation strokes. We investigated the association of forward head posturing (FHP), a chronic anatomical change seen in patients with cervicalgia, with posterior circulation strokes. METHODS In this case-control study, we identified adult patients diagnosed with cervicalgia and ischemic posterior circulation infarcts from 2007 to 2023. Cases were paired with controls with cervicalgia without posterior circulation stroke and matched for known risk factors. C0-C2 angle, C2-C7 angle, and sagittal vertical axis shift were measured as metrics for FHP severity on lateral cervical spine x-rays. Paired t tests were applied to compare stroke risk factors and FHP between groups. RESULTS Participants included 206 patients (103 cases and 103 controls) with a mean age of 64.4 years; 51.5% were female. There were no statistically significant differences between risk factors for stroke, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, hypercoagulable state, and atrial fibrillation. There were statistically significant differences in C0-C2 angle (30.7° vs. 23.2°, P = 0.002) and sagittal vertical axis shift (35.4 mm vs. 25.3 mm, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This case-control matched-pair study found that in adults with cervicalgia, posterior circulation ischemic stroke was associated with more severe FHP as noted in C0-C2 angle and sagittal vertical axis shift measurements. Further, this association may be due to chronic changes in circulation flow dynamics within the vertebrobasilar system with the postural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Behzadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Diego D Luy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Brandon Zsigray
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary Uram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jordan Iordanou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Isaac B Ng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph F Zywiciel
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Anand V Germanwala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA; Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
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248
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Ahmadi E, Lundqvist D, Bergström G, Macassa G. Managers in the context of small business growth: a qualitative study of working conditions and wellbeing. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2075. [PMID: 39085841 PMCID: PMC11292885 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In view of the importance of managers' wellbeing for their leadership behaviour, employee health, and business effectiveness and survival, a better understanding of managers' wellbeing and working conditions is important for creating healthy and sustainable businesses. Previous research has mostly provided a static picture of managers' wellbeing and work in the context of small businesses, missing the variability and dynamism that is characteristic of this context. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how managers in small companies perceive their working conditions and wellbeing in the context of business growth. METHODS The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 20 managers from twelve small companies. Content and thematic analysis were applied. RESULTS The findings indicate that a manager's working environment evolves from its initial stages and through the company's growth, leading to variations over time in the manager's experiences of wellbeing and work-life balance as well as changes in job demands and resources. Managers' working situation becomes less demanding and more manageable when workloads and working hours are reduced and a better work-life balance is achieved. The perceived improvement is related to changes in organizational factors (e.g. company resources), but also to individual factors (e.g. managers' increased awareness of the importance of a sustainable work situation). However, there were differences in how the working conditions and wellbeing changed over time and how organizational and individual resources affected the studied managers' wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that, in the context of small business, managers' working conditions and wellbeing are dynamic and are linked to growth-related changes that occur from the start of organizational activities and during periods of growth. In addition, the findings suggest that changes in managers' working conditions and wellbeing follow different trajectories over time because of the interaction between organizational and personal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ahmadi
- Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, 80176, Sweden.
- Department of Business and Economic Studies, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Lundqvist
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Education and Sociology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Bergström
- Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, 80176, Sweden
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Gloria Macassa
- Department of Social Work, Criminology and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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249
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Ai X, Santamaria V, Agrawal SK. Characterizing the Effects of Adding Virtual and Augmented Reality in Robot-Assisted Training. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:2709-2718. [PMID: 39042524 PMCID: PMC11324333 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3432661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Extended reality (XR) technology combines physical reality with computer synthetic virtuality to deliver immersive experience to users. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are two subdomains within XR with different immersion levels. Both of these have the potential to be combined with robot-assisted training protocols to maximize postural control improvement. In this study, we conducted a randomized control experiment with sixty-three healthy subjects to compare the effectiveness of robot-assisted posture training combined with VR or AR against robotic training alone. A robotic Trunk Support Trainer (TruST) was employed to deliver assistive force at the trunk as subjects moved beyond the stability limits during training. Our results showed that both VR and AR significantly enhanced the training outcomes of the TruST intervention. However, the VR group experienced higher simulator sickness compared to the AR group, suggesting that AR is better suited for sitting posture training in conjunction with TruST intervention. Our findings highlight the added value of XR to robot-assisted training and provide novel insights into the differences between AR and VR when integrated into a robotic training protocol. In addition, we developed a custom XR application that suited well for TruST intervention requirements. Our approach can be extended to other studies to develop novel XR-enhanced robotic training platforms.
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250
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Liu W, Tian W, Wu T, Luo B, Yi J, Li W, Jiang J, Wei Y, Zhang T, Zhang F, Duan X, Zheng B. Work-related injuries of rehabilitation therapists and measures for prevention. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1398948. [PMID: 39145158 PMCID: PMC11322811 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1398948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rehabilitation therapists often perform physically demanding treatments that may result in work-related injuries, yet related studies are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the work-related injuries of rehabilitation therapists and provide feasible preventive measures. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 34 regions across China using an online questionnaire. The survey gathered responses primarily from 1,198 rehabilitative therapists working in 120 health institutes. Following data collection, descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to analyze the data. Results In this study, the incidence of work-related injuries was reported to be 87% (n = 1,041). The top three musculoskeletal issues reported were low back pain (12%), neck pain (10%), and shoulder pain (9%). Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis identified that working as a physiotherapist and years of work experience (OR [95% CI]: 1.03 [0.99-1.07]) were significant contributors to the incidence of work-related injuries. Specifically, neuro-physiotherapists (OR [95% CI]: 3.04 [1.56-5.92]), musculoskeletal physiotherapists (OR [95% CI]: 2.46 [1.16-5.18]), and intensive care physiotherapists (OR [95% CI]: 4.70 [1.24-17.88]) were at higher risk. Furthermore, five factors were proven to be associated with injury prevention as reported by therapists: patient engagement (OR [95% CI]: 0.38 [0.23-0.62]), improving techniques (OR [95% CI]: 0.59 [0.39-0.90]), maintaining exercise habits (OR [95% CI]: 0.59 [0.40-0.86]), utilizing instruments (OR [95% CI]: 0.80 [0.53-1.19]), and strengthening education (OR [95% CI]: 0.43 [0.21-0.90]). Conclusion The present study investigated the factors contributing to work-related injuries among rehabilitation therapists, with a focus on identifying both risk and preventive measures. These findings offer new perspectives on decreasing injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Weibo Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Sanya Rehabilitation and Convalescent Center, Joint Logistics Support Force, Sanya, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second People’s Hospital of Beihai, Beihai, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Wenmao Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yanlong Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyue Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqin Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Surgical Simulation Research Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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