2551
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Ma YF, Ren Y, Wu CJ, Zhao XH, Xu H, Wu DZ, Xu J, Zhang XL, Ji Y. Interleukin (IL)-24 transforms the tumor microenvironment and induces anticancer immunity in a murine model of colon cancer. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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2552
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Greenplate AR, Johnson DB, Ferrell PB, Irish JM. Systems immune monitoring in cancer therapy. Eur J Cancer 2016; 61:77-84. [PMID: 27155446 PMCID: PMC4885747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatments that successfully modulate anti-cancer immunity have significantly improved outcomes for advanced stage malignancies and sparked intense study of the cellular mechanisms governing therapy response and resistance. These responses are governed by an evolving milieu of cancer and immune cell subpopulations that can be a rich source of biomarkers and biological insight, but it is only recently that research tools have developed to comprehensively characterize this level of cellular complexity. Mass cytometry is particularly well suited to tracking cells in complex tissues because >35 measurements can be made on each of hundreds of thousands of cells per sample, allowing all cells detected in a sample to be characterized for cell type, signalling activity, and functional outcome. This review focuses on mass cytometry as an example of systems level characterization of cancer and immune cells in human tissues, including blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and primary tumours. This review also discusses the state of the art in single cell tumour immunology, including tissue collection, technical and biological quality controls, computational analysis, and integration of different experimental and clinical data types. Ex vivo analysis of human tumour cells complements both in vivo monitoring, which generally measures far fewer features or lacks single cell resolution, and laboratory models, which incur cell type losses, signalling alterations, and genomic changes during establishment. Mass cytometry is on the leading edge of a new generation of cytomic tools that work with small tissue samples, such as a fine needle aspirates or blood draws, to monitor changes in rare or unexpected cell subsets during cancer therapy. This approach holds great promise for dissecting cellular microenvironments, monitoring how treatments affect tissues, revealing cellular biomarkers and effector mechanisms, and creating new treatments that productively engage the immune system to fight cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Greenplate
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Brent Ferrell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2553
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Kourea H, Kotoula V. Towards tumor immunodiagnostics. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:263. [PMID: 27563650 PMCID: PMC4971369 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.07.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunodiagnostic markers applicable on tissue or cytologic material may be prognostic or predictive of response to immunomodulatory drugs and may also be classified according to whether they are cell-specific or tumor-tissue-specific. Cell-specific markers are evaluated under the microscope as (I) morphological, corresponding to the assessment of tumor infiltrating immune cells on routine hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) sections; and (II) immunophenotypic, including the immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of markers characteristic for tumor infiltrating immune cells. Tumor-tissue-specific markers are assessed in tissue extracts that may be enriched in neoplastic cells but almost inevitably also contain stromal and immune cells infiltrating the tumor. Such markers include (I) immune-response-related gene expression profiles, and (II) tumor genotype characteristics, as recently assessed with large-scale genotyping methods, usually next generation sequencing (NGS) applications. Herein, we discuss the biological nature of immunodiagnostic markers, their potential clinical relevance and the shortcomings that have, as yet, prevented their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kourea
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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2554
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Vogelsang M, Martinez CN, Rendleman J, Bapodra A, Malecek K, Romanchuk A, Kazlow E, Shapiro RL, Berman RS, Krogsgaard M, Osman I, Kirchhoff T. The Expression Quantitative Trait Loci in Immune Pathways and their Effect on Cutaneous Melanoma Prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3268-80. [PMID: 26733611 PMCID: PMC5024570 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of personalized germline markers with biologic relevance for the prediction of cutaneous melanoma prognosis is highly demanded but to date, it has been largely unsuccessful. As melanoma progression is controlled by host immunity, here we present a novel approach interrogating immunoregulatory pathways using the genome-wide maps of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to reveal biologically relevant germline variants modulating cutaneous melanoma outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using whole genome eQTL data from a healthy population, we identified 385 variants significantly impacting the expression of 268 immune-relevant genes. The 40 most significant eQTLs were tested in a prospective cohort of 1,221 patients with cutaneous melanoma for their association with overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival using Cox regression models. RESULTS We identified highly significant associations with better melanoma OS for rs6673928, impacting IL19 expression (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41-0.77; P = 0.0002) and rs6695772, controlling the expression of BATF3 (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.19-2.24; P = 0.0019). Both associations map in the previously suspected melanoma prognostic locus at 1q32. Furthermore, we show that their combined effect on melanoma OS is substantially enhanced reaching the level of clinical applicability (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.43-2.60; P = 2.38e-5). CONCLUSIONS Our unique approach of interrogating lymphocyte-specific eQTLs reveals novel and biologically relevant immunomodulatory eQTL predictors of cutaneous melanoma prognosis that are independent of current histopathologic markers. The significantly enhanced combined effect of identified eQTLs suggests the personalized utilization of both SNPs in a clinical setting, strongly indicating the promise of the proposed design for the discovery of prognostic or risk germline markers in other cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3268-80. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaz Vogelsang
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Carlos N Martinez
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Justin Rendleman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anuj Bapodra
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Karolina Malecek
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Artur Romanchuk
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Esther Kazlow
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard L Shapiro
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Russell S Berman
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Iman Osman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Ronald O. Perelman, Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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2555
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Davis RJ, Van Waes C, Allen CT. Overcoming barriers to effective immunotherapy: MDSCs, TAMs, and Tregs as mediators of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2016; 58:59-70. [PMID: 27215705 PMCID: PMC4912416 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A significant subset of head and neck cancers display a T-cell inflamed phenotype, suggesting that patients with these tumors should respond to therapeutic approaches aimed at strengthening anti-tumor immune responses. A major barrier to the development of an effective anti-tumor immune response, at baseline or in response to immunotherapy, is the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Several well described mechanisms of effector immune cell suppression in the head and neck cancer microenvironment are discussed here, along with updates on current trials designed to translate what we have learned from pre-clinical and correlative clinical studies into improved responses in patients with head and neck cancer following immune activating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J Davis
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clint T Allen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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2556
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Lasfar A, Gogas H, Zloza A, Kaufman HL, Kirkwood JM. IFN-λ cancer immunotherapy: new kid on the block. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:877-88. [PMID: 27381684 PMCID: PMC5619162 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2015-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) is a new IFN type, related to IFN-α, that is commonly used in the clinic. However, significant side effects accompanying IFN-α treatment limit enthusiasm for IFN-α. In this review, we discuss the current landscape of IFN-α use in oncology and describe the biologic characteristics of IFN-λ. IFN-λ offers unique advantages, including a more tumor cell selective targeting, lower off-target binding and an ability to generate both innate and adaptive immune responses. IFN-λ has also demonstrated therapeutic benefit in murine cancer models. IFN-λ may be used in clinic as a single agent or in combination with other immunotherapy agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further clinical trials will be needed to fully elucidate the potential of this novel agent in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA
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2557
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Sweis RF, Spranger S, Bao R, Paner GP, Stadler WM, Steinberg G, Gajewski TF. Molecular Drivers of the Non-T-cell-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:563-8. [PMID: 27197067 PMCID: PMC4943758 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer is a common malignancy with poor outcomes for which immune checkpoint blockade is now showing promise. Despite clinical activity of PD-1/PD-L1-targeted therapy in this disease, most patients do not benefit and resistance mechanisms remain unknown. The non-T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to immunotherapies. In this study, we determined tumor-oncogenic pathways correlating with T-cell exclusion. We first establish in this report that T-cell-inflamed bladder tumors can be identified by immune gene expression profiling with concordance with CD8(+) T-cell infiltration. Upregulation of genes encoding immune checkpoint proteins PD-L1, IDO, FOXP3, TIM3, and LAG3 was associated with T-cell-inflamed tumors, suggesting potential for sensitivity to checkpoint blockade. β-Catenin, PPAR-γ, and FGFR3 pathways were activated in non-T-cell-inflamed tumors. No difference was seen in overall somatic mutational density between groups. The three pathways identified represent targetable potential pathways of tumor-intrinsic immunotherapy resistance. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(7); 563-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy F Sweis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Riyue Bao
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gladell P Paner
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Walter M Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gary Steinberg
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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2558
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Russo E, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Ricci F, Amedei A. The interplay between the microbiome and the adaptive immune response in cancer development. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:594-605. [PMID: 27366226 PMCID: PMC4913328 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16635082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The data from different studies suggest a bacterial role in cancer genesis/progression, often modulating the local immune response. This is particularly so at the mucosal level where the bacterial presence is strong and the immune system is highly reactive. The epithelial surfaces of the body, such as the skin and mucosa, are colonized by a vast number of microorganisms, which represent the so-called normal microbiome. Normally the microbiome does not cause a proinflammatory response because the immune system has developed different strategies for the tolerance of commensal bacteria, but when these mechanisms are impaired or new pathogenic bacteria are introduced into this balanced system, the immune system reacts to the microbiome and can trigger tumor growth in the intestine. In this review, we discuss the potential role of the bacterial microbiome in carcinogenesis, focusing on the direct and indirect immune adaptive mechanisms, that the bacteria can modulate in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (DCMT), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (DCMT), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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2559
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Shimizu K, Yamasaki S, Shinga J, Sato Y, Watanabe T, Ohara O, Kuzushima K, Yagita H, Komuro Y, Asakura M, Fujii SI. Systemic DC Activation Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment and Shapes the Long-Lived Tumor-Specific Memory Mediated by CD8+ T Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3756-66. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2560
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Beatty GL, O'Hara M. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the treatment of solid tumors: Defining the challenges and next steps. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:30-9. [PMID: 27373504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promise in CD19 expressing hematologic malignancies, but how to translate this success to solid malignancies remains elusive. Effective translation of CAR T cells to solid tumors will require an understanding of potential therapeutic barriers, including factors that regulate CAR T cells expansion, persistence, trafficking, and fate within tumors. Herein, we describe the current state of CAR T cells in solid tumors; define key barriers to CAR T cell efficacy and mechanisms underlying these barriers, outline potential avenues for overcoming these therapeutic obstacles, and discuss the future of translating CAR T cells for the treatment of patients with solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mark O'Hara
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2561
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Iraolagoitia XLR, Spallanzani RG, Torres NI, Araya RE, Ziblat A, Domaica CI, Sierra JM, Nuñez SY, Secchiari F, Gajewski TF, Zwirner NW, Fuertes MB. NK Cells Restrain Spontaneous Antitumor CD8+ T Cell Priming through PD-1/PD-L1 Interactions with Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:953-61. [PMID: 27342842 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the classical function of NK cells in the elimination of tumor and of virus-infected cells, evidence for a regulatory role for NK cells has been emerging in different models of autoimmunity, transplantation, and viral infections. However, this role has not been fully explored in the context of a growing tumor. In this article, we show that NK cells can limit spontaneous cross-priming of tumor Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, leading to reduced memory responses. After challenge with MC57 cells transduced to express the model Ag SIY (MC57.SIY), NK cell-depleted mice exhibited a significantly higher frequency of SIY-specific CD8(+) T cells, with enhanced IFN-γ production and cytotoxic capability. Depletion of NK cells resulted in a CD8(+) T cell population skewed toward an effector memory T phenotype that was associated with enhanced recall responses and delayed tumor growth after a secondary tumor challenge with B16.SIY cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) from NK cell-depleted tumor-bearing mice exhibited a more mature phenotype. Interestingly, tumor-infiltrating and tumor-draining lymph node NK cells displayed an upregulated expression of the inhibitory molecule programmed death ligand 1 that, through interaction with programmed death-1 expressed on DCs, limited DC activation, explaining their reduced ability to induce tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell priming. Our results suggest that NK cells can, in certain contexts, have an inhibitory effect on antitumor immunity, a finding with implications for immunotherapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena L Raffo Iraolagoitia
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Raul G Spallanzani
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Nicolás I Torres
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Romina E Araya
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Andrea Ziblat
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Carolina I Domaica
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Jessica M Sierra
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Sol Y Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Florencia Secchiari
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Norberto W Zwirner
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina; and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Mercedes B Fuertes
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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2562
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Hiraoka N, Ino Y, Yamazaki-Itoh R. Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Cancer Tissues. Front Immunol 2016; 7:244. [PMID: 27446075 PMCID: PMC4916185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are induced postnatally in non-lymphoid tissues such as those affected by chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and chronic allograft rejection, and also in cancer tissues. TLOs are thought to provide important lymphocytic functional environments for both cellular and humoral immunity, similar to lymph nodes or Peyer’s patches. TLOs have a structure similar to that of lymph nodes or Peyer’s patches, including T cell zones, B cell follicles, and high endothelial venules (HEV) without encapsulation. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of TLOs in human solid cancers, including their location, structure, methods of evaluation, and clinicopathological impact. We also discuss the formation and/or maintenance of TLOs in cancer tissues in association with the tumor immune microenvironment, cancer invasion, and the tissue structure of the cancer stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ino
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Yamazaki-Itoh
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan
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2563
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Mahasa KJ, Ouifki R, Eladdadi A, Pillis LD. Mathematical model of tumor-immune surveillance. J Theor Biol 2016; 404:312-330. [PMID: 27317864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel mathematical model involving various immune cell populations and tumor cell populations. The model describes how tumor cells evolve and survive the brief encounter with the immune system mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and the activated CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The model is composed of ordinary differential equations describing the interactions between these important immune lymphocytes and various tumor cell populations. Based on up-to-date knowledge of immune evasion and rational considerations, the model is designed to illustrate how tumors evade both arms of host immunity (i.e. innate and adaptive immunity). The model predicts that (a) an influx of an external source of NK cells might play a crucial role in enhancing NK-cell immune surveillance; (b) the host immune system alone is not fully effective against progression of tumor cells; (c) the development of immunoresistance by tumor cells is inevitable in tumor immune surveillance. Our model also supports the importance of infiltrating NK cells in tumor immune surveillance, which can be enhanced by NK cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaphetsi Joseph Mahasa
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Rachid Ouifki
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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2564
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Schabath MB, Welsh EA, Fulp WJ, Chen L, Teer JK, Thompson ZJ, Engel BE, Xie M, Berglund AE, Creelan BC, Antonia SJ, Gray JE, Eschrich S, Chen DT, Cress WD, Haura EB, Beg AA. Differential association of STK11 and TP53 with KRAS mutation-associated gene expression, proliferation and immune surveillance in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2016; 35:3209-16. [PMID: 26477306 PMCID: PMC4837098 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While mutations in the KRAS oncogene are among the most prevalent in human cancer, there are few successful treatments to target these tumors. It is also likely that heterogeneity in KRAS-mutant tumor biology significantly contributes to the response to therapy. We hypothesized that the presence of commonly co-occurring mutations in STK11 and TP53 tumor suppressors may represent a significant source of heterogeneity in KRAS-mutant tumors. To address this, we utilized a large cohort of resected tumors from 442 lung adenocarcinoma patients with data including annotation of prevalent driver mutations (KRAS and EGFR) and tumor suppressor mutations (STK11 and TP53), microarray-based gene expression and clinical covariates, including overall survival (OS). Specifically, we determined impact of STK11 and TP53 mutations on a new KRAS mutation-associated gene expression signature as well as previously defined signatures of tumor cell proliferation and immune surveillance responses. Interestingly, STK11, but not TP53 mutations, were associated with highly elevated expression of KRAS mutation-associated genes. Mutations in TP53 and STK11 also impacted tumor biology regardless of KRAS status, with TP53 strongly associated with enhanced proliferation and STK11 with suppression of immune surveillance. These findings illustrate the remarkably distinct ways through which tumor suppressor mutations may contribute to heterogeneity in KRAS-mutant tumor biology. In addition, these studies point to novel associations between gene mutations and immune surveillance that could impact the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric A. Welsh
- Department of Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - William J. Fulp
- Department of Biostatisics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Biostatisics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jamie K. Teer
- Department of Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Zachary J. Thompson
- Department of Biostatisics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brienne E. Engel
- Department of Cancer Biology Graduate Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Department of Cancer Biology Graduate Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ben C. Creelan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott J. Antonia
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jhanelle E. Gray
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Department of Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatisics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - W. Douglas Cress
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric B. Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amer A. Beg
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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2565
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Ngambenjawong C, Gustafson HH, Pineda JM, Kacherovsky NA, Cieslewicz M, Pun SH. Serum Stability and Affinity Optimization of an M2 Macrophage-Targeting Peptide (M2pep). Theranostics 2016; 6:1403-14. [PMID: 27375788 PMCID: PMC4924508 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major stromal component of the tumor microenvironment in several cancers. TAMs are a potential target for adjuvant cancer therapies due to their established roles in promoting proliferation of cancer cells, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We previously discovered an M2 macrophage-targeting peptide (M2pep) which was successfully used to target and deliver a pro-apoptotic KLA peptide to M2-like TAMs in a CT-26 colon carcinoma model. However, the effectiveness of in vivo TAM-targeting using M2pep is limited by its poor serum stability and low binding affinity. In this study, we synthesized M2pep derivatives with the goals of increasing serum stability and binding affinity. Serum stability evaluation of M2pepBiotin confirmed its rapid degradation attributed to exolytic cleavage from the N-terminus and endolytic cleavages at the W10/W11 and S16/K17 sites. N-terminal acetylation of M2pepBiotin protected the peptide against the exolytic degradation while W10w and K(17,18,19)k substitutions were able to effectively protect endolytic degradation at their respective cleavage sites. However, no tested amino acid changes at the W10 position resulted in both protease resistance at that site and retention of binding activity. Therefore, cyclization of M2pep was investigated. Cyclized M2pep better resisted serum degradation without compromising binding activity to M2 macrophages. During the serum stability optimization process, we also discovered that K9R and W10Y substitutions significantly enhanced binding affinity of M2pep. In an in vitro binding study of different M2pep analogs pre-incubated in mouse serum, cyclic M2pep with K9R and W10Y modifications (cyclic M2pep(RY)) retained the highest binding activity to M2 macrophages over time due to its improved serum stability. Finally, we evaluated the in vivo accumulation of sulfo-Cy5-labeled M2pep and cyclic M2pep(RY) in both the CT-26 and 4T1 breast carcinoma models. Cyclic M2pep(RY) outperformed M2pep in both tumor localization and selective accumulation in M2-like TAMs. In conclusion, we report cyclic M2pep(RY) as our lead M2pep analog with improved serum stability and M2 macrophage-binding activity. Its enhanced utility as an in vivo M2-like-TAM-targeting agent was demonstrated in two tumor models, and is expected to be applicable for other tumor models or in models of M2 macrophage-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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2566
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Hettich M, Lahoti J, Prasad S, Niedermann G. Checkpoint Antibodies but not T Cell-Recruiting Diabodies Effectively Synergize with TIL-Inducing γ-Irradiation. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4673-83. [PMID: 27302161 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T cell-recruiting bispecific antibodies (bsAb) show promise in hematologic malignancies and are also being evaluated in solid tumors. In this study, we investigated whether T cell-recruiting bsAbs synergize with hypofractionated tumor radiotherapy (hRT) and/or blockade of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint, both of which can increase tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) numbers. Unexpectedly, large melanomas treated with hRT plus bsAb (AC133×CD3) relapsed faster than those treated with hRT alone, accompanied by massive TIL apoptosis. This fast relapse was delayed by the further addition of anti-PD-1. Mechanistic investigations revealed restimulation-induced cell death mediated by BIM and FAS as an additional cause of bsAb-mediated TIL depletion. In contrast, the double combination of hRT and anti-PD-1 strongly increased TIL numbers, and even very large tumors were completely eradicated. Our study reveals the risk that CD3-engaging bsAbs can induce apoptotic TIL depletion followed by rapid tumor regrowth, reminiscent of tolerance induction by CD3 mAb-mediated T-cell depletion, warranting caution in their use for the treatment of solid tumors. Our findings also argue that combining radiotherapy and anti-PD-1 can be quite potent, including against very large tumors. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4673-83. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hettich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jayashree Lahoti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shruthi Prasad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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2567
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Associations of C-Reactive Protein, Granulocytes and Granulocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Mortality from Breast Cancer in Non-Institutionalized American Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157482. [PMID: 27294662 PMCID: PMC4905698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may play a role in breast cancer, but evidence in the general population is lacking. We investigated the association between serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), absolute granulocyte count (AGC) and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte (G/L) ratio) and breast cancer (BCa) mortality in American women while accounting for adiposity. From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) we selected all women aged 20+ without any known history of cancer (n = 7,780). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess CRP, AGC and G/L ratio in relation to mortality from BCa, all cancer, cardiovascular disease and all causes. Stratification analyses by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were performed to investigate the effect of adiposity on this association. During a mean follow-up of 167 months, 44 women died from BCa. After adjustments for BMI and waist circumference, only G/L ratio was associated to risk of BCa death (e.g. HR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.36–4.06 for the 3rd compared to the 1st tertile, Ptrend = 0.01). Except for a borderline interaction between CRP categories and obesity by BMI, no statistically significant interaction between markers and categories of BMI or waist circumference was observed. All three markers were associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes. Our findings support a role of inflammation in BCa mortality which may involve mechanisms apart from obesity, and potential usefulness of GLR as a marker in assessing inflammation and cancer.
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2568
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Smits NC, Coupet TA, Godbersen C, Sentman CL. Designing multivalent proteins based on natural killer cell receptors and their ligands as immunotherapy for cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1105-12. [PMID: 27248342 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1195364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune system that play a key role in host immunity against cancer. NK cell recognition and activation is based on cell surface receptors recognizing specific ligands that are expressed on many types of tumor cells. Some of these receptors are capable of activating NK cell function while other receptors inhibit NK cell function. Therapeutic approaches to treat cancer have been developed based on preventing NK cell inhibition or using NK cell receptors and their ligands to activate NK cells or T cells to destroy tumor cells. AREAS COVERED This article describes the various strategies for targeting NK cell receptors and NK cell receptor ligands using multivalent proteins to activate immunity against cancer. EXPERT OPINION NK cell receptors work in synergy to activate NK cell effector responses. Effective anti-cancer strategies will need to not only kill tumor cells but must also lead to the destruction of the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy based on NK cells and their receptors has the capacity to accomplish this through triggering lymphocyte cytotoxicity and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Smits
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Synthetic Immunity , The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Tiffany A Coupet
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Synthetic Immunity , The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Claire Godbersen
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Synthetic Immunity , The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Charles L Sentman
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Synthetic Immunity , The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
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2569
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Ku MC, Edes I, Bendix I, Pohlmann A, Waiczies H, Prozorovski T, Günther M, Martin C, Pagès G, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H, Uckert W, Niendorf T, Waiczies S. ERK1 as a Therapeutic Target for Dendritic Cell Vaccination against High-Grade Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1975-87. [PMID: 27256374 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioma regression requires the recruitment of potent antitumor immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. Dendritic cells (DC) play a role in immune responses to these tumors. The fact that DC vaccines do not effectively combat high-grade gliomas, however, suggests that DCs need to be genetically modified specifically to promote their migration to tumor relevant sites. Previously, we identified extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1) as a regulator of DC immunogenicity and brain autoimmunity. In the current study, we made use of modern magnetic resonance methods to study the role of ERK1 in regulating DC migration and tumor progression in a model of high-grade glioma. We found that ERK1-deficient mice are more resistant to the development of gliomas, and tumor growth in these mice is accompanied by a higher infiltration of leukocytes. ERK1-deficient DCs exhibit an increase in migration that is associated with sustained Cdc42 activation and increased expression of actin-associated cytoskeleton-organizing proteins. We also demonstrated that ERK1 deletion potentiates DC vaccination and provides a survival advantage in high-grade gliomas. Considering the therapeutic significance of these results, we propose ERK1-deleted DC vaccines as an additional means of eradicating resilient tumor cells and preventing tumor recurrence. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1975-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Inan Edes
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Gene Therapy, Humboldt-University Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tim Prozorovski
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Günther
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gilles Pagès
- University Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Gene Therapy, Humboldt-University Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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2570
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Sim CK, Cho YS, Kim BS, Baek IJ, Kim YJ, Lee MS. 2'-5' Oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) deficiency in mice promotes an effective anti-tumor immune response by enhancing the production of type I interferons. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:663-75. [PMID: 27034232 PMCID: PMC11028741 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a critical role in antiviral and antitumor defense. In our previous studies, we showed that IFN-I-inducible 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) negatively regulates IFN-I production upon viral infection by specifically inhibiting translation of the IFN-I-regulating master transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). In this study, we investigated whether OASL1 plays a negative role in the anti-tumor immune response by using OASL1-deficient (Oasl1 (-/-)) mice and transplantable syngeneic tumor cell models. We found that Oasl1 (-/-) mice demonstrate enhanced resistance to lung metastatic tumors and subcutaneously implanted tumors compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, we found that cytotoxic effector cells such as CD8(+) T cells (including tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells) and NK cells as well as CD8α(+) DCs (the major antigen cross-presenting cells) were much more frequent (>fivefold) in the Oasl1 (-/-) mouse tumors. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effector cells in Oasl1 (-/-) mouse tumors seemed to be more functionally active. However, the proportion of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells within hematopoietic cells and of regulatory T cells within CD4(+) T cells in Oasl1 (-/-) mouse tumors did not differ significantly from that of WT mice. Tumor-challenged Oasl1 (-/-) mice expressed increased levels of IFN-I and IRF7 protein in the growing tumor, indicating that the enhanced antitumor immune response observed in Oasl1 (-/-) mice was caused by higher IFN-I production in Oasl1 (-/-) mice. Collectively, these results show that OASL1 deficiency promotes the antitumor immune response, and thus, OASL1 could be a good therapeutic target for treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kyu Sim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Medicine (MoIM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Yeon Sook Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Medicine (MoIM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Medicine (MoIM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
- KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Myeong Sup Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Medicine (MoIM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
- KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
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2571
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Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Madka V, Kumar G, Rao CV. Prevention and treatment of cancers by immune modulating nutrients. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1275-94. [PMID: 26833775 PMCID: PMC6038926 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and laboratory data support the protective effects of bioactive nutrients in our diets for various diseases. Along with various factors, such as genetic history, alcohol, smoking, exercise, and dietary choices play a vital role in affecting an individual's immune responses toward a transforming cell, by either preventing or accelerating a neoplastic transformation. Ample evidence suggests that dietary nutrients control the inflammatory and protumorigenic responses in immune cells. Immunoprevention is usually associated with the modulation of immune responses that help in resolving the inflammation, thus improving clinical outcome. Various metabolic pathway-related nutrients, including glutamine, arginine, vitamins, minerals, and long-chain fatty acids, are important components of immunonutrient mixes. Epidemiological studies related to these substances have reported different results, with no or minimal effects. However, several studies suggest that these nutrients may have immune-modulating effects that may lower cancer risk. Preclinical studies submit that most of these components may provide beneficial effects. The present review discusses the available data, the immune-modulating functions of these nutrients, and how these substances could be used to study immune modulation in a neoplastic environment. Further research will help to determine whether the mechanistic signaling pathways in immune cells altered by nutrients can be exploited for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B. Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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2572
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Zanetti M. A second chance for telomerase reverse transcriptase in anticancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 14:115-128. [DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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2573
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Alipour Talesh G, Ebrahimi Z, Badiee A, Mansourian M, Attar H, Arabi L, Jalali SA, Jaafari MR. Poly (I:C)-DOTAP cationic nanoliposome containing multi-epitope HER2-derived peptide promotes vaccine-elicited anti-tumor immunity in a murine model. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:57-64. [PMID: 27260485 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the current study we aimed at developing a vaccine delivery/adjuvant system to enhance anti-tumor immunity against the natural multi-epitope HER2/Neu-derived P5 peptide. Polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)] is a strong immunoadjuvant able to enhance specific antitumor immunity induced by peptide-based vaccines. Nevertheless, delivering the peptide and adjuvant intracellularly into their target site remains a challenging issue. We hypothesized this barrier could be overcome through the use of a cationic nanoliposome carrier system which can carry and protect the antigen and adjuvant in the extracellular environment and augment the induction of antitumor immunity. P5 was encapsulated in cationic nanoliposomes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)-Cholesterol either alone or complexed with Poly (I:C). Immunocompetent BALB/c mice were immunized with the formulations 3 times in two-week intervals and the efficiency and type of immune response were then evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The groups immunized with Lip-P5+PIC (DOTAP-Cholestrol-P5+Poly (I:C)) and Lip+PIC (DOTAP-Cholestrol+Poly (I:C)) enhanced the release of Interferon (IFN)-γ in comparison with other groups. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Lip-P5+PIC formulation induced the highest level of IFN-γ in CD8(+) lymphocytes. Lip-P5+PIC, Lip+PIC and Lip-P5 (DOTAP-Cholestrol-P5) provided some extent of protection in terms of tumor regression in TUBO tumor mice model during the first 65days post tumor challenge but at the end only the tumors of mice immunized with Lip-P5+PIC were significantly smaller than all other groups. Furthermore, tumors of mice receiving Lip-P5+PIC grew at a significantly slower rate throughout the observation period. Our results showed that the combination of Poly (I:C) and DOTAP with the tumor antigen and without applying additional T-helper epitope induced strong antitumor responses. The observations presented here are of great interest for future vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Alipour Talesh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mercedeh Mansourian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Attar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Science & Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2574
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Buqué A, Bloy N, Aranda F, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Small molecules targeting the immunological tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1149674. [PMID: 27471617 PMCID: PMC4938376 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1149674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressing malignancies establish robust immunosuppressive networks that operate both systemically and locally. In particular, as tumors escape immunosurveillance, they recruit increasing amounts of myeloid and lymphoid cells that exert pronounced immunosuppressive effects. These cells not only prevent the natural recognition of growing neoplasms by the immune system, but also inhibit anticancer immune responses elicited by chemo-, radio- and immuno therapeutic interventions. Throughout the past decade, multiple strategies have been devised to counteract the accumulation or activation of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells for therapeutic purposes. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical advances on the use of small molecules that target the immunological tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. These agents include inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1), prostaglandin E2, and specific cytokine receptors, as well as modulators of intratumoral purinergic signaling and arginine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U970, Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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2575
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Lopci E, Toschi L, Grizzi F, Rahal D, Olivari L, Castino GF, Marchetti S, Cortese N, Qehajaj D, Pistillo D, Alloisio M, Roncalli M, Allavena P, Santoro A, Marchesi F, Chiti A. Correlation of metabolic information on FDG-PET with tissue expression of immune markers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are candidates for upfront surgery. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:1954-61. [PMID: 27251642 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eliciting antitumor T-cell response by targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis with checkpoint inhibitors has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The identification of predictors for sensitivity or resistance to these agents is, therefore, needed. Herein, we investigate the correlation of metabolic information on FDG-PET with tissue expression of immune-checkpoints and other markers of tumor-related immunity in resected NSCLC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients referred to our institution for upfront surgical resection of NSCLC, who were investigated with FDG-PET prior to surgery, were consecutively included in the study. From January 2010 to May 2014, 55 patients (stage IA-IIIB; M:F = 42:13; mean age 68.9 years) were investigated. Sampled surgical tumor specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD68-TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages), CD8-TILs (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes), PD-1-TILs, and PD-L1 tumor expression. Immunoreactivity was evaluated, and scores were compared with imaging findings. FDG-PET images were analyzed to define semi-quantitative parameters: SUVmax and SUVmean. Metabolic information on FDG-PET was correlated with tissue markers expression and disease-free survival (DFS) considering a median follow-up of 16.2 months. RESULTS Thirty-six adenocarcinomas (ADC), 18 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and one sarcomatoid carcinoma were analyzed. All tumors resulted positive at FDG-PET: median SUVmax 11.3 (range: 2.3-32.5) and SUVmean 6.4 (range: 1.5-13) both resulted significantly higher in SCC compared to other NSCLC histotypes (p = 0.007 and 0.048, respectively). IHC demonstrated a median immunoreactive surface covered by CD68-TAMs of 5.41 % (range: 0.84-14.01 %), CD8-TILs of 2.9 % (range: 0.11-11.92 %), PD-1 of 0.65 % (range: 0.02-5.87 %), and PD-L1 of 0.7 % (range: 0.03-10.29 %). We found a statistically significant correlation between SUVmax and SUVmean with the expression of CD8 TILs (rho = 0.31; p = 0.027) and PD-1 (rho = 0.33; p = 0.017 and rho = 0.36; p = 0.009, respectively). The other tissue markers correlated as follows: CD8 TILs and PD-1 (rho = 0.45; p = 0.001), CD8 TILs and PD-L1 (rho = 0.41; p = 0.003), CD68-TAMs and PD-L1 (rho = 0.30; p = 0.027), PD-1 and PD-L1 (rho = 0.26; p = 0.059). With respect to patients' outcome, SUVmax, SUVmean, and disease stage showed a statistically significant correlation with DFS (p = 0.002, 0.004, and <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows a direct association between metabolic parameters on FDG-PET and the expression of tumor-related immunity markers, suggesting a potential role for FDG-PET to characterize the tumor microenvironment and select NSCLC patients candidate to checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
| | - Luca Toschi
- Oncology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daoud Rahal
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Olivari
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Castino
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchetti
- Oncology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nina Cortese
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dorina Qehajaj
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Pistillo
- Oncology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Alloisio
- Thoracic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Roncalli
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Armando Santoro
- Oncology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Arturo Chiti
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
- Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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2576
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Cancer Treatment with Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Agents: Is PD-L1 Expression a Biomarker for Patient Selection? Drugs 2016; 76:925-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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2577
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Sweis RF, Spranger S, Bao R, Paner GP, Stadler WM, Steinberg G, Gajewski TF. Molecular Drivers of the Non-T-cell-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2016. [PMID: 27197067 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0274.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer is a common malignancy with poor outcomes for which immune checkpoint blockade is now showing promise. Despite clinical activity of PD-1/PD-L1-targeted therapy in this disease, most patients do not benefit and resistance mechanisms remain unknown. The non-T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to immunotherapies. In this study, we determined tumor-oncogenic pathways correlating with T-cell exclusion. We first establish in this report that T-cell-inflamed bladder tumors can be identified by immune gene expression profiling with concordance with CD8(+) T-cell infiltration. Upregulation of genes encoding immune checkpoint proteins PD-L1, IDO, FOXP3, TIM3, and LAG3 was associated with T-cell-inflamed tumors, suggesting potential for sensitivity to checkpoint blockade. β-Catenin, PPAR-γ, and FGFR3 pathways were activated in non-T-cell-inflamed tumors. No difference was seen in overall somatic mutational density between groups. The three pathways identified represent targetable potential pathways of tumor-intrinsic immunotherapy resistance. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(7); 563-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy F Sweis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Riyue Bao
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gladell P Paner
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Walter M Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gary Steinberg
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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2578
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Houot R, Gaulard P, Schreiber R, Mellman I, Lambotte O, Coulie PG, Fest T, Korman A, Levy R, Shipp M, Tarte K, Kohrt H, Marabelle A, Ansell S, Watier H, van Elsas A, Balakumaran A, Arce Vargas F, Quezada SA, Salles G, Olive D. Immunomodulatory antibodies for the treatment of lymphoma: Report on the CALYM Workshop. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1186323. [PMID: 27622041 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1186323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2015, the CALYM Carnot Institute held a 2-d workshop to discuss the current and future development of immunomodulatory antibodies for the treatment of lymphoma. Highlights from the workshop are presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roch Houot
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Rennes , Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Department of Pathology, Inserm U955, Université Paris-Est, CHU Henri Mondor , Créteil, France
| | - Robert Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University , St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Olivier Lambotte
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud , Orsay, France
| | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ronald Levy
- Stanford School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Holbrook Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Ansell
- Division of Hematology , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hervé Watier
- CHRU de Tours, Université François-Rabelais and CNRS, UMR7292 , Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Salles
- Department of Hematology, Université Claude Bernard, Hospices Civils de Lyon , INSERM 1052 , Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Inserm UMR 1068, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université , Marseille, France
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2579
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Tinoco R, Carrette F, Barraza ML, Otero DC, Magaña J, Bosenberg MW, Swain SL, Bradley LM. PSGL-1 Is an Immune Checkpoint Regulator that Promotes T Cell Exhaustion. Immunity 2016; 44:1190-203. [PMID: 27192578 PMCID: PMC4908967 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic viruses and cancers thwart immune responses in humans by inducing T cell dysfunction. Using a murine chronic virus that models human infections, we investigated the function of the adhesion molecule, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), that is upregulated on responding T cells. PSGL-1-deficient mice cleared the virus due to increased intrinsic survival of multifunctional effector T cells that had downregulated PD-1 as well as other inhibitory receptors. Notably, this response resulted in CD4(+)-T-cell-dependent immunopathology. Mechanistically, PSGL-1 ligation on exhausted CD8(+) T cells inhibited T cell receptor (TCR) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling and upregulated PD-1, leading to diminished survival with TCR stimulation. In models of melanoma cancer in which T cell dysfunction occurs, PSGL-1 deficiency led to PD-1 downregulation, improved T cell responses, and tumor control. Thus, PSGL-1 plays a fundamental role in balancing viral control and immunopathology and also functions to regulate T cell responses in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tinoco
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Monique L Barraza
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis C Otero
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan Magaña
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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2580
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PD-1/CTLA-4 Blockade Inhibits Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Lymphoma Growth in a Cord Blood Humanized-Mouse Model. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005642. [PMID: 27186886 PMCID: PMC4871349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection causes B cell lymphomas in humanized mouse models and contributes to a variety of different types of human lymphomas. T cells directed against viral antigens play a critical role in controlling EBV infection, and EBV-positive lymphomas are particularly common in immunocompromised hosts. We previously showed that EBV induces B cell lymphomas with high frequency in a cord blood-humanized mouse model in which EBV-infected human cord blood is injected intraperitoneally into NOD/LtSz-scid/IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice. Since our former studies showed that it is possible for T cells to control the tumors in another NSG mouse model engrafted with both human fetal CD34+ cells and human thymus and liver, here we investigated whether monoclonal antibodies that block the T cell inhibitory receptors, PD-1 and CTLA-4, enhance the ability of cord blood T cells to control the outgrowth of EBV-induced lymphomas in the cord-blood humanized mouse model. We demonstrate that EBV-infected lymphoma cells in this model express both the PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibitory ligands for the PD-1 receptor, and that T cells express the PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptors. Furthermore, we show that the combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade strikingly reduces the size of lymphomas induced by a lytic EBV strain (M81) in this model, and that this anti-tumor effect requires T cells. PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade markedly increases EBV-specific T cell responses, and is associated with enhanced tumor infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade decreases the number of both latently, and lytically, EBV-infected B cells. These results indicate that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade enhances the ability of cord blood T cells to control outgrowth of EBV-induced lymphomas, and suggest that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade might be useful for treating certain EBV-induced diseases in humans. EBV is a human herpesvirus that remains in the host for life, but is normally well controlled by the host immune response. Nevertheless, EBV causes lymphomas in certain individuals, particularly when T cell function is impaired. Antibodies against two different inhibitory receptors on T cells, PD-1 and CTLA-4, have been recently shown to improve T cell cytotoxic function against a subset of non-virally associated tumors. Here we have used an EBV-infected cord blood-humanized mouse model to show that EBV-infected lymphomas express both the PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibitory ligands for PD-1. Importantly, we find that the combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade decreases the growth of EBV-induced lymphomas in this model, and demonstrate that this anti-tumor effect requires T cells and enhances their responses to EBV. Our results suggest that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade might be useful for treating certain EBV-associated diseases in humans.
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2581
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Shi H, Cao N, Pu Y, Xie L, Zheng L, Yu C. Long non-coding RNA expression profile in minor salivary gland of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:109. [PMID: 27188286 PMCID: PMC4869341 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and reveal the expression profile of lncRNAs in labial salivary glands (LSGs) in pSS patients. METHOD The expression of 63,431 lncRNAs and 39,887 mRNAs were determined in the LSG of four pSS patients and four healthy controls using microarray experiments. Validation was performed in 30 pSS patients and 16 controls using real-time PCR. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression and gene-pathway networks were constructed using bioinformatics software. RESULT A total of 1243 lncRNAs (upregulated: 890, downregulated: 353) and 1457 mRNAs (upregulated: 1141, downregulated: 316) were differentially expressed in the LSGs of pSS patients (fold change >2, P <0.05). Eight of these lncRNAs were validated using real-time PCR. ENST00000420219.1 (3.13-fold), ENST00000455309.1 (2.51-fold), n336161 (2.45-fold), NR_002712 (2.41-fold), ENST00000546086.1 (1.94-fold), Lnc-UTS2D-1:1 (1.79-fold), n340599 (1.69-fold), and TCONS_l2_00014794 (1.28-fold) were significantly upregulated in pSS. There were strong correlations between these lncRNAs and β2 microglobulin, disease course, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), IgA, IgM, visual analogue scale (VAS) of parotid swelling and VAS of dry eyes. Computational analyses revealed that 28 of the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were associated with eight DE lncRNAs involved in chemokine signaling pathways, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the expression profile of lncRNAs in LSGs of pSS patients. Many novel lncRNA transcripts that play important roles in the pathogenesis of pSS were dysregulated in pSS. Therefore, this study will aid in the development of new diagnostic biomarkers and drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Cao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Pu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisong Xie
- Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Zheng
- Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chuangqi Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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2582
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Santarpia M, Giovannetti E, Rolfo C, Karachaliou N, González-Cao M, Altavilla G, Rosell R. Recent developments in the use of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:781-98. [PMID: 27148808 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1182866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology ‘G. Barresi’, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I – Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital & Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria González-Cao
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Altavilla
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology ‘G. Barresi’, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Pangaea Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
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2583
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanya Kanigan
- COO, Genomic Expression, 54 West 40th Street, NY, USA
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2584
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Planchard D, Yokoi T, McCleod MJ, Fischer JR, Kim YC, Ballas M, Shi K, Soria JC. A Phase III Study of Durvalumab (MEDI4736) With or Without Tremelimumab for Previously Treated Patients With Advanced NSCLC: Rationale and Protocol Design of the ARCTIC Study. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:232-236.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2585
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Abstract
Founded on the growing insight into the complex cancer-immune system interactions, adjuvant immunotherapies are rapidly emerging and being adapted for the treatment of various human malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, have already shown clinical success. Nevertheless, many approaches are not optimized, require frequent administration, are associated with systemic toxicities and only show modest efficacy as monotherapies. Nanotechnology can potentially enhance the efficacy of such immunotherapies by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents and biologicals in targeted cell populations and tissues. This review presents the current status and emerging trends in such nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapies including the role of nanoparticles as carriers of immunomodulators, nanoparticles-based cancer vaccines, and depots for sustained immunostimulation. Also highlighted are key translational challenges and opportunities in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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2586
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Yu X, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wu P, Qiu F, Huang J. Prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 18:497-506. [PMID: 26459255 PMCID: PMC4823351 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer to affect women in the world. Studies showed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can exhibit both beneficial and harmful effects on the biology and clinical outcome of breast cancer, the conclusion still remains incomplete. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and breast cancer. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literatures in PubMed and the ISI Web of Science. The correlation among TILs and breast cancer clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed by using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0. RESULT Seventeen eligible studies consisting of 12,968 participants were included. We found that higher value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes had no relationship with breast cancer clinicopathological variables. Interestingly, it was correlated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in majority (pooled RR 2.43, 95% CI 1.99-2.97). Moreover, higher value of total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (both intraepithelial and stromal) was associated with better prognosis (pooled HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94), whereas some subtypes predicted a worse prognosis. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that high value of total TILs is not associated with breast cancer clinicopathological features, but can predict a favorable outcome for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in majority except for hormone receptor (-) subtype. And higher total TILs (both intraepithelial TILs and stromal TILs) may be the potential better prognostic indicators, while some subtypes like PD-1(+) TILs and Foxp3(+) TILs show a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Yu
- />Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- />Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Z. Zhang
- />Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- />Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- />Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Z. Wang
- />Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - P. Wu
- />Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - F. Qiu
- />Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- />Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - J. Huang
- />Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- />Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
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2587
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Fang Y, Saiyin H, Zhao X, Wu Y, Han X, Lou W. IL-8-Positive Tumor-Infiltrating Inflammatory Cells Are a Novel Prognostic Marker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients. Pancreas 2016; 45:671-8. [PMID: 26495785 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells (TIICs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are reported to initiate and exacerbate invasion and metastasis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a proinflammatory cytokine, is expressed in both neoplastic cells and TIICs in PDAC tissues and increased in patient serum. The aim of this study is to evaluate the values of IL-8 expression profiles in tumor tissues and predict the source of serum IL-8 in PDAC patients. METHODS We used 2 independent groups of PDAC patient samples that included 240 cases. Tissue expression profiles of cytokines were evaluated with immunohistochemistry and serum levels with human IL-8 assay. The prognostic values of the variables were assessed by Kaplan-Meier or Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Higher levels of IL-8-positive TIICs but not tumor cells in PDAC patients correlated with worse prognosis (P = 0.009) and higher blood serum IL-8 levels (P = 0.002). Controlling other independent factors, the relative hazard ratio for PDAC with higher IL-8-positive TIIC levels compared with those with lower TIIC levels was 1.588 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.42). CONCLUSIONS Higher IL-8-positive TIIC levels in PDAC tumors indicate poorer prognosis and positively correlate with serum IL-8 concentrations and vice versa. These data suggested that IL-8 might have a potential target for PDAC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- From the *Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital; †The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; and ‡School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2588
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Friedman K, Brodsky AS, Lu S, Wood S, Gill AJ, Lombardo K, Yang D, Resnick MB. Medullary carcinoma of the colon: a distinct morphology reveals a distinctive immunoregulatory microenvironment. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:528-41. [PMID: 26965581 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Medullary carcinoma of the colon is a unique histologic subtype of microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinoma but little is known regarding its tumor-immunoregulatory microenvironment. The aims of this study were to characterize the immune environment of medullary carcinoma and compare it with other microsatellite unstable and microsatellite stable colorectal carcinomas. An initial gene expression microarray analysis of six cases of medullary carcinoma was used to detect potentially differentially expressed genes. We extended this analysis utilizing genomic data from the Cancer Genome Atlas to compare eight cases of medullary carcinoma with other microsatellite unstable and stable carcinomas. Finally, we evaluated expression of key immune pathway proteins and lymphocyte subsets via immunohistochemistry of a large group of medullary carcinomas (n=105) and compared these findings with three other groups: poorly differentiated, microsatellite unstable well-differentiated and microsatellite stable well-differentiated carcinomas. Microarray and the Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis identified significant upregulation of several immunoregulatory genes induced by IFNγ including IDO-1, WARS (tRNA(trp)), GBP1, GBP4, GBP5, PDCD1 (PD-1), and CD274 (PD-L1) in medullary carcinoma compared with other microsatellite unstable and microsatellite stable tumors. By immunohistochemistry, IDO-1 was expressed in 64% of medullary carcinomas compared with 19% (9/47) of poorly differentiated carcinomas, 14% (3/22) of microsatellite unstable, and 7% (2/30) of the microsatellite stable well-differentiated carcinomas (P<0.0001). tRNA(trp) was overexpressed in 81% (84/104) of medullary carcinomas, 19% (9/47) of poorly differentiated, 32% (7/22) of microsatellite unstable, and 3% (1/30) of microsatellite stable well-differentiated carcinomas (P<0.0001). Medullary carcinoma had higher mean CD8+ and PD-L1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes compared with all other groups (P<0.0001). This study demonstrates overexpression of several immunoregulatory genes in microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinomas and that expression of these genes and proteins is more prevalent in the medullary carcinoma subtype, which may be of use both diagnostically and therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Friedman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexander S Brodsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie Wood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kara Lombardo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Murray B Resnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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2589
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Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Cantelli G, Bruce F, Sanz-Moreno V. Rho, ROCK and actomyosin contractility in metastasis as drug targets. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27158478 PMCID: PMC4856114 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7909.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells around the body and the cause of the majority of cancer deaths. Metastasis is a very complex process in which cancer cells need to dramatically modify their cytoskeleton and cope with different environments to successfully colonize a secondary organ. In this review, we discuss recent findings pointing at Rho-ROCK or actomyosin force (or both) as major drivers of many of the steps required for metastatic success. We propose that these are important drug targets that need to be considered in the clinic to palliate metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gaia Cantelli
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fanshawe Bruce
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.,Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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2590
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Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang RX, Zhang Y, Ou QJ, Li JQ, Jiang ZZ, Wu XJ, Fang YJ, Zheng L. CD169 identifies an activated CD8(+) T cell subset in regional lymph nodes that predicts favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1177690. [PMID: 27622027 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1177690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CD169 was first identified on macrophages (Mϕ) and linked to antigen presentation. Here, we showed CD169 expression on some CD8(+) T lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes (LNs) and investigated the function and clinical relevance of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells in tumor-draining LNs of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fresh tumor-draining LN tissues from 39 randomly enrolled patients were assessed by flow cytometry for activation and differentiation of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells and T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. In total, 114 tumor-draining LN paraffin sections from CRC patients were analyzed by multiple-color immunofluorescence for CD169(+)CD8(+) T cell distribution and clinical values. The prognostic significance of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS A fraction of CD8(+) T cells in regional LNs, but not peripheral blood, tonsils, or tumors, expressed surface CD169. In situ detection of draining LNs revealed preferential localization of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells to subcapsular sinus and interfollicular regions, closely associated with CD169(+) Mϕ. CD169(+)CD8(+) T cell ratios were significantly lower in peri-tumor LNs than distant-tumor LNs. CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells predominantly expressed activation markers (CD69, HLA-DR, PD-1) with slightly lower CD45RA and CD62L levels. They produced high granzyme B, perforin, TNF-α, and IFNγ levels, and promoted tumor-killing efficiency ex vitro. Moreover, CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells infiltrating tumor-draining LNs decreased with disease progression and were strongly associated with CRC patient survival. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel activated/cytolytic CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells selectively present in regional LNs, potentially serving as a powerful prognostic factor and indicator for selecting patients for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rong-Xin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-Jian Ou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jin-Qing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ze-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
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2591
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Veeranki S, Gandhapudi SK, Tyagi SC. Interactions of hyperhomocysteinemia and T cell immunity in causation of hypertension. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:239-246. [PMID: 27398734 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), there is a debate on whether HHcy is a risk factor or just a biomarker. Interestingly, homocysteine lowering strategies in humans had very little effect on reducing the cardiovascular risk, as compared with animals; this may suggest heterogeneity in human population and epigenetic alterations. Moreover, there are only few studies that suggest the idea that HHcy contributes to CVD in the presence of other risk factors such as inflammation, a known risk factor for CVD. Elevated levels of homocysteine have been shown to contribute to inflammation. Here, we highlight possible relationships between homocysteine, T cell immunity, and hypertension, and summarize the evidence that suggested these factors act together in increasing the risk for CVD. In light of this new evidence, we further propose that there is a need for evaluation of the causes of HHcy, defective remethylation or defective transsulfuration, which may differentially modulate hypertension progression, not just the homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Siva K Gandhapudi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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2592
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El Baroudi M, Cinti C, Capobianco E. Immunomediated Pan-cancer Regulation Networks are Dominant Fingerprints After Treatment of Cell Lines with Demethylation. Cancer Inform 2016; 15:45-64. [PMID: 27147816 PMCID: PMC4849425 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s31809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pan-cancer studies are particularly relevant not only for addressing the complexity of the inherently observed heterogeneity but also for identifying clinically relevant features that may be common to the cancer types. Immune system regulations usually reveal synergistic modulation with other cancer mechanisms and in combination provide insights on possible advances in cancer immunotherapies. Network inference is a powerful approach to decipher pan-cancer systems dynamics. The methodology proposed in this study elucidates the impacts of epigenetic treatment on the drivers of complex pan-cancer regulation circuits involving cell lines of five cancer types. These patterns were observed from differential gene expression measurements following demethylation with 5-azacytidine. Networks were built to establish associations of phenotypes at molecular level with cancer hallmarks through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms. The most prominent feature that emerges from our integrative network maps, linking pathway landscapes to disease and drug-target associations, refers primarily to a mosaic of immune-system crosslinked influences. Therefore, characteristics initially evidenced in single cancer maps become motifs well summarized by network cores and fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama El Baroudi
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Medicine (LISM), Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Medical Oncology Department, MIRO, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caterina Cinti
- Cancer Therapy UOS, Institute of Clinical Phsyiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Capobianco
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Medicine (LISM), Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Center for Computational Science, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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2593
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Santos G, Nikolov S, Lai X, Eberhardt M, Dreyer FS, Paul S, Schuler G, Vera J. Model-based genotype-phenotype mapping used to investigate gene signatures of immune sensitivity and resistance in melanoma micrometastasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24967. [PMID: 27113331 PMCID: PMC4844979 DOI: 10.1038/srep24967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we combine kinetic modelling and patient gene expression data analysis to elucidate biological mechanisms by which melanoma becomes resistant to the immune system and to immunotherapy. To this end, we systematically perturbed the parameters in a kinetic model and performed a mathematical analysis of their impact, thereby obtaining signatures associated with the emergence of phenotypes of melanoma immune sensitivity and resistance. Our phenotypic signatures were compared with published clinical data on pretreatment tumor gene expression in patients subjected to immunotherapy against metastatic melanoma. To this end, the differentially expressed genes were annotated with standard gene ontology terms and aggregated into metagenes. Our method sheds light on putative mechanisms by which melanoma may develop immunoresistance. Precisely, our results and the clinical data point to the existence of a signature of intermediate expression levels for genes related to antigen presentation that constitutes an intriguing resistance mechanism, whereby micrometastases are able to minimize the combined anti-tumor activity of complementary responses mediated by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, respectively. Finally, we computationally explored the efficacy of cytokines used as low-dose co-adjuvants for the therapeutic anticancer vaccine to overcome tumor immunoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Santos
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Erlangen University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, University of La Laguna, Spain
| | - Svetoslav Nikolov
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
- University of Transport, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Xin Lai
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Erlangen University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Erlangen University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Florian S. Dreyer
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Erlangen University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sushmita Paul
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Erlangen University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology and Erlangen University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Erlangen University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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2594
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Kloepper J, Riedemann L, Amoozgar Z, Seano G, Susek K, Yu V, Dalvie N, Amelung RL, Datta M, Song JW, Askoxylakis V, Taylor JW, Lu-Emerson C, Batista A, Kirkpatrick ND, Jung K, Snuderl M, Muzikansky A, Stubenrauch KG, Krieter O, Wakimoto H, Xu L, Munn LL, Duda DG, Fukumura D, Batchelor TT, Jain RK. Ang-2/VEGF bispecific antibody reprograms macrophages and resident microglia to anti-tumor phenotype and prolongs glioblastoma survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4476-81. [PMID: 27044098 PMCID: PMC4843473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525360113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway has failed to improve overall survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). We previously showed that angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) overexpression compromised the benefit from anti-VEGF therapy in a preclinical GBM model. Here we investigated whether dual Ang-2/VEGF inhibition could overcome resistance to anti-VEGF treatment. We treated mice bearing orthotopic syngeneic (Gl261) GBMs or human (MGG8) GBM xenografts with antibodies inhibiting VEGF (B20), or Ang-2/VEGF (CrossMab, A2V). We examined the effects of treatment on the tumor vasculature, immune cell populations, tumor growth, and survival in both the Gl261 and MGG8 tumor models. We found that in the Gl261 model, which displays a highly abnormal tumor vasculature, A2V decreased vessel density, delayed tumor growth, and prolonged survival compared with B20. In the MGG8 model, which displays a low degree of vessel abnormality, A2V induced no significant changes in the tumor vasculature but still prolonged survival. In both the Gl261 and MGG8 models A2V reprogrammed protumor M2 macrophages toward the antitumor M1 phenotype. Our findings indicate that A2V may prolong survival in mice with GBM by reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment and delaying tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kloepper
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Lars Riedemann
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Giorgio Seano
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Katharina Susek
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Veronica Yu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Nisha Dalvie
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Robin L Amelung
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Meenal Datta
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Vasileios Askoxylakis
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Christine Lu-Emerson
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ana Batista
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Nathaniel D Kirkpatrick
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kay G Stubenrauch
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Krieter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114;
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114;
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2595
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Tamura K, Hazama S, Yamaguchi R, Imoto S, Takenouchi H, Inoue Y, Kanekiyo S, Shindo Y, Miyano S, Nakamura Y, Kiyotani K. Characterization of the T cell repertoire by deep T cell receptor sequencing in tissues and blood from patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3643-3649. [PMID: 27284367 PMCID: PMC4887943 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize infiltrated T cell clones that define the tumor immune environment and are important in the response to treatment in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to explore predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of immunochemotherapies, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis was performed using blood samples and tumor tissues obtained from patients with advanced CRC that had been treated with a combination of five-cancer peptide vaccines and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. The TCR-α/β complementary DNAs (cDNAs), prepared from the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) obtained from 17 tumor tissues and 39 peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 9 CRC patients at various time points, were sequenced. The oligoclonal enrichment of certain TCR sequences was identified in tumor tissues and blood samples; however, only a few TCR sequences with a frequency of >0.1% were commonly detected in pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues, or in post-treatment blood and tissue samples. The average correlation coefficients of the TCR-α and TCR-β clonotype frequencies between the post-treatment tumor tissues and blood samples were 0.023 and 0.035, respectively, and were much lower compared with the correlation coefficients of the TCR-α and TCR-β clonotype frequencies between pre- and post-treatment blood samples (0.430 and 0.370, respectively), suggesting that T cell populations in tumor tissues vary from those in blood. Although the sample size was small, a tendency for the TCR diversity in tumor tissues to drastically decrease during the treatment was indicated in two patients, who exhibited a longer progression-free survival time. The results of the present study suggest that TCR diversity scores in tissues may be a useful predictive biomarker for the therapeutic effect of immunochemotherapy for patients with advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takenouchi
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuka Inoue
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kanekiyo
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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2596
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Zhang Y, Koneva LA, Virani S, Arthur AE, Virani A, Hall PB, Warden CD, Carey TE, Chepeha DB, Prince ME, McHugh JB, Wolf GT, Rozek LS, Sartor MA. Subtypes of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancers Are Associated with HPV Characteristics, Copy Number Alterations, PIK3CA Mutation, and Pathway Signatures. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4735-45. [PMID: 27091409 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is substantial heterogeneity within human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancer (HNC) tumors that predispose them to different outcomes; however, the molecular heterogeneity in this subgroup is poorly characterized due to various historical reasons. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed unsupervised gene expression clustering on deeply annotated (transcriptome and genome) HPV(+) HNC samples from two cohorts (84 total primary tumors), including 18 HPV(-) HNC samples, to discover subtypes and characterize the differences between subgroups in terms of their HPV characteristics, pathway activity, whole-genome somatic copy number alterations, and mutation frequencies. RESULTS We identified two distinct HPV(+) subtypes (namely HPV-KRT and HPV-IMU). HPV-KRT is characterized by elevated expression of genes in keratinocyte differentiation and oxidation-reduction process, whereas HPV-IMU has strong immune response and mesenchymal differentiation. The differences in expression are likely connected to the differences in HPV characteristics and genomic changes. HPV-KRT has more genic viral integration, lower E2/E4/E5 expression levels, and higher ratio of spliced to full-length HPV oncogene E6 than HPV-IMU; the subgroups also show differences in copy number alterations and mutations, in particular the loss of chr16q in HPV-IMU and gain of chr3q and PIK3CA mutation in HPV-KRT. CONCLUSIONS Our characterization of two subtypes of HPV(+) HNC tumors provides valuable molecular level information that point to two main carcinogenic paths. Together, these results shed light on stratifications of the HPV(+) HNCs and will help to guide personalized care for HPV(+) HNC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4735-45. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lada A Koneva
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shama Virani
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna E Arthur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alisha Virani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pelle B Hall
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles D Warden
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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2597
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Pitt JM, Marabelle A, Eggermont A, Soria JC, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Targeting the tumor microenvironment: removing obstruction to anticancer immune responses and immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1482-92. [PMID: 27069014 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an integral part of cancer. Recognition of the essential nature of the TME in cancer evolution has led to a shift from a tumor cell-centered view of cancer development to the concept of a complex tumor ecosystem that supports tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Accordingly, novel targets within the TME have been uncovered that can help direct and improve the actions of various cancer therapies, notably immunotherapies that work by potentiating host antitumor immune responses. Here, we review the composition of the TME, how this attenuates immunosurveillance, and discuss existing and potential strategies aimed at targeting cellular and molecular TME components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pitt
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex
| | - A Marabelle
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif INSERM Unit U981, Villejuif
| | - A Eggermont
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif
| | - J-C Soria
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre INSERM Unit U981, Villejuif Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif
| | - G Kroemer
- INSERM U848, Villejuif Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Zitvogel
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre INSERM Unit U932, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05 Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France
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2598
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Shah S, Caruso A, Cash H, Waes CV, Allen CT. Pools of programmed death-ligand within the oral cavity tumor microenvironment: Variable alteration by targeted therapies. Head Neck 2016; 38:1176-86. [PMID: 27061215 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced understanding of programmed death-ligand (PD-L) expression in oral cancer is important for establishing rational combinations of emerging immune checkpoint and molecular targeted therapies. METHODS We assessed PD-L and interferon (IFN) expression in immunogenic murine oral cancer-1 (MOC1) and poorly immunogenic MOC2 cell models after treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MEK1/2 small molecule inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS PD-L1 but not PD-L2 is expressed on MOC1 and 2 cells and is type I and II IFN-dependent. PD-L1 is differentially expressed on cancer and endothelial cells and infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in highly and poorly immunogenic tumors. PD-L1 expression is variably altered after treatment with inhibitors in vivo, with an imperfect relationship to alterations in IFN levels in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expressed on cancer and infiltrating immune cells is variably altered by targeted therapies and may, in part, reflect changes in tumor IFN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1176-1186, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Shah
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andria Caruso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harrison Cash
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint T Allen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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2599
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Janji B, Viry E, Moussay E, Paggetti J, Arakelian T, Mgrditchian T, Messai Y, Noman MZ, Van Moer K, Hasmim M, Mami-Chouaib F, Berchem G, Chouaib S. The multifaceted role of autophagy in tumor evasion from immune surveillance. Oncotarget 2016; 7:17591-607. [PMID: 26910842 PMCID: PMC4951235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While autophagy is constitutively executed at basal level in all cells, it is activated in cancer cells in response to various microenvironmental stresses including hypoxia. It is now well established that autophagy can act both as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. In this regard, several reports indicate that the tumor suppressor function of autophagy is associated with its ability to scavenge damaged oxidative organelles, thereby preventing the accumulation of toxic oxygen radicals and limiting the genome instability. Paradoxically, in developed tumors, autophagy can promote the survival of cancer cells and therefore operates as a cell resistance mechanism. The consensus appears to be that autophagy has a dual role in suppressing tumor initiation and in promoting the survival of established tumors. This has inspired significant interest in applying anti-autophagy therapies as an entirely new approach to cancer treatment. While much remains to be learned about the regulation and context-dependent biological role of autophagy, it is now well established that modulation of this process could be an attractive approach for the development of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will summarize recent reports describing how tumor cells, by activating autophagy, manage to resist the immune cell attack. Data described in this review strongly argue that targeting autophagy may represent a conceptual realm for new immunotherapeutic strategies aiming to block the immune escape and therefore providing rational approach to future tumor immunotherapy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elodie Viry
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Paggetti
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Tsolère Arakelian
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Takouhie Mgrditchian
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Yosra Messai
- UMR 1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- UMR 1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Kris Van Moer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Meriem Hasmim
- UMR 1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Guy Berchem
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Department of Hemato-Oncology, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Salem Chouaib
- UMR 1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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2600
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Hangai S, Ao T, Kimura Y, Matsuki K, Kawamura T, Negishi H, Nishio J, Kodama T, Taniguchi T, Yanai H. PGE2 induced in and released by dying cells functions as an inhibitory DAMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3844-9. [PMID: 27001836 PMCID: PMC4833254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602023113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular components released into the external milieu as a result of cell death and sensed by the body are generally termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Although DAMPs are conventionally thought to be protective to the host by evoking inflammatory responses important for immunity and wound repair, there is the prevailing notion that dysregulated release of DAMPs can also underlie or exacerbate disease development. However, the critical issue for how resultant DAMP-mediated responses are regulated has heretofore not been fully addressed. In the present study, we identify prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a DAMP that negatively regulates immune responses. We show that the production of PGE2 is augmented under cell death-inducing conditions via the transcriptional induction of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene and that cell-released PGE2 suppresses the expression of genes associated with inflammation, thereby limiting the cell's immunostimulatory activities. Consistent with this, inhibition of the PGE2 synthesis pathway potentiates the inflammation induced by dying cells. We also provide in vivo evidence for a protective role of PGE2 released upon acetaminophen-induced liver injury as well as a pathogenic role for PGE2 during tumor cell growth. Our study places this classically known lipid mediator in an unprecedented context-that is, an inhibitory DAMP vis-à-vis activating DAMPs, which may have translational implications for designing more effective therapeutic regimens for inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hangai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hideo Negishi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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