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Weiss E, Rautou PE, Fasseu M, Giabicani M, de Chambrun M, Wan J, Minsart C, Gustot T, Couvineau A, Maiwall R, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Pilard N, Lebrec D, Valla D, Durand F, de la Grange P, Monteiro RC, Paugam-Burtz C, Lotersztajn S, Moreau R. Type I interferon signaling in systemic immune cells from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and its association with outcome. J Hepatol 2017; 66:930-941. [PMID: 28040548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In immune cells, constitutively and acutely produced type I interferons (IFNs) engage autocrine/paracrine signaling pathways to induce IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Enhanced activity of IFN signaling pathways can cause excessive inflammation and tissue damage. We aimed to investigate ISG expression in systemic immune cells from patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis, and its association with outcome. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients and heathy subjects were stimulated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, an IFN inducer) or increasing concentrations of IFN-β. The expression of 48 ISGs and ten "non-ISG" inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using RT-qPCR. RESULTS We developed an 8-ISG signature (IFN score) assessing ISG expression. LPS-stimulated ISG induction was significantly lower in PBMCs from patients with cirrhosis compared to healthy controls. Non-ISGs, however, showed higher induction. Lower induction of ISGs by LPS was not due to decreased IFN production by cirrhotic PBMCs or neutralization of secreted IFN, but a defective PBMC response to IFN. This defect was at least in part due to decreased constitutive ISG expression. Patients with the higher baseline IFN scores and ISG levels had the higher risk of death. At baseline, "non-ISG" cytokines did not correlate with outcome. CONCLUSIONS PBMCs from patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis exhibit downregulated ISG expression, both constitutively and after an acute stimulus. Our finding that higher baseline PBMC ISG expression was associated with higher risk of death, suggests that constitutive ISG expression in systemic immune cells contributes to the prognosis of alcoholic cirrhosis. LAY SUMMARY Enhanced activity of IFN signaling pathways can cause excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Here we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis exhibit a defect in interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). We found that higher baseline ISG expression in PBMCs was associated with higher risk of death, revealing a probable contribution of ISG expression in immune cells to the outcome of alcoholic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Weiss
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département d'Anesthésie et Réanimation, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France; INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Paris, France; UMR S_970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Magali Fasseu
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mikhael Giabicani
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc de Chambrun
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - JingHong Wan
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Minsart
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gustot
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology, HepatoPancreatology and Digestive Oncology, C.U.B. Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Couvineau
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rakhi Maiwall
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pilard
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Didier Lebrec
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Dominique Valla
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - François Durand
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | | | - Renato C Monteiro
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Paugam-Burtz
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département d'Anesthésie et Réanimation, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Richard Moreau
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMR S_1149, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France.
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Brandl K, Kumar V, Eckmann L. Gut-liver axis at the frontier of host-microbial interactions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G413-G419. [PMID: 28232456 PMCID: PMC5451561 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00361.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver and intestine are tightly linked through the venous system of the portal circulation. Consequently, the liver is the primary recipient of gut-derived products, most prominently dietary nutrients and microbial components. It functions as a secondary "firewall" and protects the body from intestinal pathogens and other microbial products that have crossed the primary barrier of the intestinal tract. Disruption of the intestinal barrier enhances microbial exposure of the liver, which can have detrimental or beneficial effects in the organ depending on the specific circumstances. Conversely, the liver also exerts influence over intestinal microbial communities via secretion of bile acids and IgA antibodies. This mini-review highlights key findings and concepts in the area of host-microbial interactions as pertinent to the bilateral communication between liver and gut and highlights the concept of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brandl
- 1Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California; and
| | - Vipin Kumar
- 2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Ferrere G, Wrzosek L, Cailleux F, Turpin W, Puchois V, Spatz M, Ciocan D, Rainteau D, Humbert L, Hugot C, Gaudin F, Noordine ML, Robert V, Berrebi D, Thomas M, Naveau S, Perlemuter G, Cassard AM. Fecal microbiota manipulation prevents dysbiosis and alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. J Hepatol 2017; 66:806-815. [PMID: 27890791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver failure and mortality. In humans, severe alcoholic hepatitis is associated with key changes to intestinal microbiota (IM), which influences individual sensitivity to develop advanced ALD. We used the different susceptibility to ALD observed in two distinct animal facilities to test the efficiency of two complementary strategies (fecal microbiota transplantation and prebiotic treatment) to reverse dysbiosis and prevent ALD. METHODS Mice were fed alcohol in two distinct animal facilities with a Lieber DeCarli diet. Fecal microbiota transplantation was performed with fresh feces from alcohol-resistant donor mice to alcohol-sensitive receiver mice three times a week. Another group of mice received pectin during the entire alcohol consumption period. RESULTS Ethanol induced steatosis and liver inflammation, which were associated with disruption of gut homeostasis, in alcohol-sensitive, but not alcohol resistant mice. IM analysis showed that the proportion of Bacteroides was specifically lower in alcohol-sensitive mice (p<0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed that the IM of sensitive and resistant mice clustered differently. We targeted IM using two different strategies to prevent alcohol-induced liver lesions: (1) pectin treatment which induced major modifications of the IM, (2) fecal microbiota transplantation which resulted in an IM very close to that of resistant donor mice in the sensitive recipient mice. Both methods prevented steatosis, liver inflammation, and restored gut homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Manipulation of IM can prevent alcohol-induced liver injury. The IM should be considered as a new therapeutic target in ALD. LAY SUMMARY Sensitivity to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is driven by intestinal microbiota in alcohol fed mice. Treatment of mice with alcohol-induced liver lesions by fecal transplant from alcohol fed mice resistant to ALD or with prebiotic (pectin) prevents ALD. These findings open new possibilities for treatment of human ALD through intestinal microbiota manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Ferrere
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Laura Wrzosek
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Frédéric Cailleux
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Williams Turpin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Virginie Puchois
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Madeleine Spatz
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Dragos Ciocan
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France; Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), INSERM-ERL 1157, Paris, France; UMR 7203 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UPMC/CNRS/ENS, Paris, France; Département PM2 Plateforme de Métabolomique, APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Peptidomique et dosage de Médicaments, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Humbert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France; Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), INSERM-ERL 1157, Paris, France; UMR 7203 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UPMC/CNRS/ENS, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Hugot
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Françoise Gaudin
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Berrebi
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; AP-HP, Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- INRA, UMR 1319 MICALIS, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Naveau
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France; AP-HP, Hepatogastroenterology and Nutrition, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Gabriel Perlemuter
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France; AP-HP, Hepatogastroenterology and Nutrition, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Anne-Marie Cassard
- INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France; Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Lowe PP, Gyongyosi B, Satishchandran A, Iracheta-Vellve A, Ambade A, Kodys K, Catalano D, Ward DV, Szabo G. Alcohol-related changes in the intestinal microbiome influence neutrophil infiltration, inflammation and steatosis in early alcoholic hepatitis in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174544. [PMID: 28350851 PMCID: PMC5370121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol-induced intestinal dysbiosis disrupts homeostatic gut-liver axis function and is essential in the development of alcoholic liver disease. Here, we investigate changes in enteric microbiome composition in a model of early alcoholic steatohepatitis and dissect the pathogenic role of intestinal microbes in alcohol-induced liver pathology. Materials and methods Wild type mice received a 10-day diet that was either 5% alcohol-containing or an isocaloric control diet plus a single binge. 16S rDNA sequencing defined the bacterial communities in the cecum of alcohol- and pair-fed animals. Some mice were treated with an antibiotic cocktail prior to and throughout alcohol feeding. Liver neutrophils, cytokines and steatosis were evaluated. Results Acute-on-chronic alcohol administration induced shifts in various bacterial phyla in the cecum, including increased Actinobacteria and a reduction in Verrucomicrobia driven entirely by a reduction in the genus Akkermansia. Antibiotic treatment reduced the gut bacterial load and circulating bacterial wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that bacterial load suppression prevented alcohol-related increases in the number of myeloperoxidase- (MPO) positive infiltrating neutrophils in the liver. Expression of liver mRNA tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfα), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (Cxcl1) and circulating protein monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were also reduced in antibiotic-treated alcohol-fed mice. Alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis measured by Oil-Red O staining was significantly reduced in antibiotic treated mice. Genes regulating lipid production and storage were also altered by alcohol and antibiotic treatment. Interestingly, antibiotic treatment did not protect from alcohol-induced increases in serum aminotransferases (ALT/AST). Conclusions Our data indicate that acute-on-chronic alcohol feeding alters the microflora at multiple taxonomic levels and identifies loss of Akkermansia as an early marker of alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis. We conclude that gut microbes influence liver inflammation, neutrophil infiltration and liver steatosis following alcohol consumption and these data further emphasize the role of the gut-liver axis in early alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P. Lowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benedek Gyongyosi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Satishchandran
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aditya Ambade
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karen Kodys
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shen W, Shen M, Zhao X, Zhu H, Yang Y, Lu S, Tan Y, Li G, Li M, Wang J, Hu F, Le S. Anti-obesity Effect of Capsaicin in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet Is Associated with an Increase in Population of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:272. [PMID: 28280490 PMCID: PMC5322252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) reduces body weight mainly through activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channel. However, recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiota influences many physiological processes in host and might provoke obesity. This study determined whether the anti-obesity effect of CAP is related to the changes in gut microbiota. C57BL/6 mice were fed either with high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD with CAP (HFD-CAP) for 9 weeks. We observed a significantly reduced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in HFD-CAP-fed mice compared with HFD-fed mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed a decrease of phylum Proteobacteria in HFD-CAP-fed mice. In addition, HFD-CAP-fed mice showed a higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium with beneficial effects on host metabolism. Further studies found that CAP directly up-regulates the expression of Mucin 2 gene Muc2 and antimicrobial protein gene Reg3g in the intestine. These data suggest that the anti-obesity effect of CAP is associated with a modest modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyu Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbin Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Shuguang Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yinling Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Fuquan Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Le
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
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Geva-Zatorsky N, Sefik E, Kua L, Pasman L, Tan TG, Ortiz-Lopez A, Yanortsang TB, Yang L, Jupp R, Mathis D, Benoist C, Kasper DL. Mining the Human Gut Microbiota for Immunomodulatory Organisms. Cell 2017; 168:928-943.e11. [PMID: 28215708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Within the human gut reside diverse microbes coexisting with the host in a mutually advantageous relationship. Evidence has revealed the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in shaping the immune system. To date, only a few of these microbes have been shown to modulate specific immune parameters. Herein, we broadly identify the immunomodulatory effects of phylogenetically diverse human gut microbes. We monocolonized mice with each of 53 individual bacterial species and systematically analyzed host immunologic adaptation to colonization. Most microbes exerted several specialized, complementary, and redundant transcriptional and immunomodulatory effects. Surprisingly, these were independent of microbial phylogeny. Microbial diversity in the gut ensures robustness of the microbiota's ability to generate a consistent immunomodulatory impact, serving as a highly important epigenetic system. This study provides a foundation for investigation of gut microbiota-host mutualism, highlighting key players that could identify important therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Geva-Zatorsky
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Esen Sefik
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay Kua
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lesley Pasman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tze Guan Tan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adriana Ortiz-Lopez
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tsering Bakto Yanortsang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liang Yang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ray Jupp
- UCB Pharma, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Diane Mathis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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257
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Loo TM, Kamachi F, Watanabe Y, Yoshimoto S, Kanda H, Arai Y, Nakajima-Takagi Y, Iwama A, Koga T, Sugimoto Y, Ozawa T, Nakamura M, Kumagai M, Watashi K, Taketo MM, Aoki T, Narumiya S, Oshima M, Arita M, Hara E, Ohtani N. Gut Microbiota Promotes Obesity-Associated Liver Cancer through PGE 2-Mediated Suppression of Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:522-538. [PMID: 28202625 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which obesity promotes HCC development are still unclear. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota may influence liver diseases by transferring its metabolites and components. Here, we show that the hepatic translocation of obesity-induced lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a Gram-positive gut microbial component, promotes HCC development by creating a tumor-promoting microenvironment. LTA enhances the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) collaboratively with an obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite, deoxycholic acid, to upregulate the expression of SASP factors and COX2 through Toll-like receptor 2. Interestingly, COX2-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production suppresses the antitumor immunity through a PTGER4 receptor, thereby contributing to HCC progression. Moreover, COX2 overexpression and excess PGE2 production were detected in HSCs in human HCCs with noncirrhotic, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), indicating that a similar mechanism could function in humans.Significance: We showed the importance of the gut-liver axis in obesity-associated HCC. The gut microbiota-driven COX2 pathway produced the lipid mediator PGE2 in senescent HSCs in the tumor microenvironment, which plays a pivotal role in suppressing antitumor immunity, suggesting that PGE2 and its receptor may be novel therapeutic targets for noncirrhotic NASH-associated HCC. Cancer Discov; 7(5); 522-38. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Mun Loo
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kamachi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Yoshimoto
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanda
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Arai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ozawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miho Kumagai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoé-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Konoe-cho Yoshida, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Konoe-cho Yoshida, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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258
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The link between inflammation, bugs, the intestine and the brain in alcohol dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1048. [PMID: 28244981 PMCID: PMC5545644 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, some new processes have been proposed to explain how alcohol may influence behavior, psychological symptoms and alcohol seeking in alcohol-dependent subjects. In addition to its important effect on brain and neurotransmitters equilibrium, alcohol abuse also affects peripheral organs including the gut. By yet incompletely understood mechanisms, chronic alcohol abuse increases intestinal permeability and alters the composition of the gut microbiota, allowing bacterial components from the gut lumen to reach the systemic circulation. These gut-derived bacterial products are recognized by immune cells circulating in the blood or residing in target organs, which consequently synthesize and release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Circulating cytokines are considered important mediators of the gut-brain communication, as they can reach the central nervous system and induce neuroinflammation that is associated with change in mood, cognition and drinking behavior. These observations support the possibility that targeting the gut microbiota, by the use of probiotics or prebiotics, could restore the gut barrier function, reduce systemic inflammation and may have beneficial effect in treating alcohol dependence and in reducing alcohol relapse.
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259
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Gao R, Gao Z, Huang L, Qin H. Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:757-769. [PMID: 28063002 PMCID: PMC5395603 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered as a forgotten organ in human health and disease. It maintains gut homeostasis by various complex mechanisms. However, disruption of the gut microbiota has been confirmed to be related to gastrointestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer, as well as remote organs in many studies. Colorectal cancer is a multi-factorial and multi-stage involved disorder. The role for microorganisms that initiate and facilitate the process of colorectal cancer has become clear. The candidate pathogens have been identified by culture and next sequencing technology. Persuasive models have also been proposed to illustrate the complicated and dynamic time and spatial change in the carcinogenesis. Related key molecules have also been investigated to demonstrate the pathways crucial for the development of colorectal cancer. In addition, risk factors that contribute to the tumorigenesis can also be modulated to decrease the susceptibility for certain population. In addition, the results of basic studies have also translated to clinical application, which displayed a critical value for the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer. In this review, we not only emphasize the exploration of the mechanisms, but also potential clinical practice implication in this microbiota era.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Z Gao
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - L Huang
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - H Qin
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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260
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Chiang N, de la Rosa X, Libreros S, Serhan CN. Novel Resolvin D2 Receptor Axis in Infectious Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:842-851. [PMID: 27994074 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process governed by specialized proresolving mediators, including resolvin (Rv)D2, that activates a cell surface G protein-coupled receptor, GPR18/DRV2. In this study, we investigated RvD2-DRV2-dependent resolution mechanisms using DRV2-deficient mice (DRV2-knockout [KO]). In polymicrobial sepsis initiated by cecal ligation and puncture, RvD2 (∼2.7 nmol/mouse) significantly increased survival (>50%) of wild-type mice and reduced hypothermia and bacterial titers compared with vehicle-treated cecal ligation and puncture mice that succumbed at 48 h. Protection by RvD2 was abolished in DRV2-KO mice. Mass spectrometry-based lipid mediator metabololipidomics demonstrated that DRV2-KO infectious exudates gave higher proinflammatory leukotriene B4 and procoagulating thromboxane B2, as well as lower specialized proresolving mediators, including RvD1 and RvD3, compared with wild-type. RvD2-DRV2-initiated intracellular signals were investigated using mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight), which demonstrated that RvD2 enhanced phosphorylation of CREB, ERK1/2, and STAT3 in WT but not DRV2-KO macrophages. Monitored by real-time imaging, RvD2-DRV2 interaction significantly enhanced phagocytosis of live Escherichia coli, an action dependent on protein kinase A and STAT3 in macrophages. Taken together, we identified an RvD2/DRV2 axis that activates intracellular signaling pathways that increase phagocytosis-mediated bacterial clearance, survival, and organ protection. Moreover, these results provide evidence for RvD2-DRV2 and their downstream pathways in pathophysiology of infectious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xavier de la Rosa
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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261
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Hand TW, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Ridaura VK, Belkaid Y. Linking the Microbiota, Chronic Disease, and the Immune System. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:831-843. [PMID: 27623245 PMCID: PMC5116263 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) are the most important causes of mortality in the world today and are on the rise. We now know that immune-driven inflammation is critical in the etiology of these diseases, though the environmental triggers and cellular mechanisms that lead to their development are still mysterious. Many CIDs are associated with significant shifts in the microbiota toward inflammatory configurations, which can affect the host both by inducing local and systemic inflammation and by alterations in microbiota-derived metabolites. This review discusses recent findings suggesting that shifts in the microbiota may contribute to chronic disease via effects on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W. Hand
- R.K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
- Correspondence addressed to: Timothy Hand () or Yasmine Belkaid ()
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Vanessa K. Ridaura
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases (NIAID) Microbiome Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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262
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Bluemel S, Williams B, Knight R, Schnabl B. Precision medicine in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating the gut microbiota. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G1018-G1036. [PMID: 27686615 PMCID: PMC5206291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00245.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent a major health burden in industrialized countries. Although alcohol abuse and nutrition play a central role in disease pathogenesis, preclinical models support a contribution of the gut microbiota to ALD and NAFLD. This review describes changes in the intestinal microbiota compositions related to ALD and NAFLD. Findings from in vitro, animal, and human studies are used to explain how intestinal pathology contributes to disease progression. This review summarizes the effects of untargeted microbiome modifications using antibiotics and probiotics on liver disease in animals and humans. While both affect humoral inflammation, regression of advanced liver disease or mortality has not been demonstrated. This review further describes products secreted by Lactobacillus- and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as fatty acids and antioxidants, that could be used for precision medicine in the treatment of liver disease. A better understanding of host-microbial interactions is allowing discovery of novel therapeutic targets in the gut microbiota, enabling new treatment options that restore the intestinal ecosystem precisely and influence liver disease. The modulation options of the gut microbiota and precision medicine employing the gut microbiota presented in this review have excellent prospects to improve treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Bluemel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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263
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Tilg H, Cani PD, Mayer EA. Gut microbiome and liver diseases. Gut 2016; 65:2035-2044. [PMID: 27802157 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has recently evolved as a new important player in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. The liver is the organ which is in closest contact with the intestinal tract, and is exposed to a substantial amount of bacterial components and metabolites. Various liver disorders such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis have been associated with an altered microbiome. This dysbiosis may influence the degree of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis through multiple interactions with the host's immune system and other cell types. Whereas few results from clinical metagenomic studies in liver disease are available, evidence is accumulating that in liver cirrhosis an oral microbiome is overrepresented in the lower intestinal tract, potentially contributing to disease process and severity. A major role for the gut microbiota in liver disorders is also supported by the accumulating evidence that several complications of severe liver disease such as hepatic encephalopathy are efficiently treated by various prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. A better understanding of the gut microbiota and its components in liver diseases might provide a more complete picture of these complex disorders and also form the basis for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrice D Cani
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Division of Digestive Diseases, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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264
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Tilg H, Grander C, Moschen AR. How does the microbiome affect liver disease? Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2016; 8:123-126. [PMID: 31041079 PMCID: PMC6490212 DOI: 10.1002/cld.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Alexander R. Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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265
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Inamine T, Yang AM, Wang L, Lee KC, Llorente C, Schnabl B. Genetic Loss of Immunoglobulin A Does Not Influence Development of Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2604-2613. [PMID: 27739086 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial translocation. Translocated commensal bacteria contribute to alcoholic liver disease. Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the intestine binds bacteria and prevents bacterial translocation. METHODS To investigate the functional role of IgA in ethanol (EtOH)-induced liver disease in mice, we subjected wild type (WT) and IgA-deficient littermate mice to Lieber-DeCarli models of chronic EtOH administration and the model of chronic and binge EtOH feeding (the NIAAA model). RESULTS Chronic EtOH feeding increased systemic levels of IgA, while fecal IgA was reduced in C57BL/6 WT mice. WT and Iga-/- littermate mice showed similar liver injury, steatosis, and inflammation following 4 weeks of EtOH feeding or chronic and binge EtOH feeding. IgA deficiency did not affect intestinal absorption or hepatic metabolism of EtOH. Pretreatment with ampicillin elevated intestinal IgA in WT littermate mice. Despite increased intestinal IgA, WT littermate mice exhibited a similar degree of liver disease compared with Iga-/- mice after 7 weeks of EtOH feeding. Interestingly, bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes was increased in Iga-/- mice fed an isocaloric diet, but was the same after EtOH feeding relative to WT littermate mice. The absence of intestinal IgA was associated with increased intestinal and plasma IgM in Iga-/- mice after EtOH feeding. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that absence of IgA does not affect the development of alcoholic liver disease in mice. Loss of intestinal IgA is compensated by increased levels of intestinal IgM, which likely limits bacterial translocation after chronic EtOH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Inamine
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - An-Ming Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lirui Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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266
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Abstract
Alcohol causes microbiota dysbiosis and breaches intestinal integrity, resulting in liver inflammation and ultimately cirrhosis. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wang et al. (2016) demonstrate that ethanol suppresses the intestinal anti-microbial response. This enables gut bacteria to trespass to the liver and thus exacerbates the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Iyer
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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267
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Chen P, Miyamoto Y, Mazagova M, Lee KC, Eckmann L, Schnabl B. Microbiota and Alcoholic Liver Disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1791-2. [PMID: 27364225 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukiko Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Magdalena Mazagova
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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268
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Alcoholic liver disease: Mucosal microbes exacerbate experimental alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 13:121. [PMID: 26882878 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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