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Wilson P, Abdelmoti L, Norcross R, Jang ER, Palayam M, Galperin E. The role of USP7 in the Shoc2-ERK1/2 signaling axis and Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272259. [PMID: 34553755 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERK1/2 (also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively) signaling pathway is critical in organismal development and tissue morphogenesis. Deregulation of this pathway leads to congenital abnormalities with severe developmental dysmorphisms. The core ERK1/2 cascade relies on scaffold proteins, such as Shoc2 to guide and fine-tune its signals. Mutations in SHOC2 lead to the development of the pathology termed Noonan-like Syndrome with Loose Anagen Hair (NSLAH). However, the mechanisms underlying the functions of Shoc2 and its contributions to disease progression remain unclear. Here, we show that ERK1/2 pathway activation triggers the interaction of Shoc2 with the ubiquitin-specific protease USP7. We reveal that, in the Shoc2 module, USP7 functions as a molecular 'switch' that controls the E3 ligase HUWE1 and the HUWE1-induced regulatory feedback loop. We also demonstrate that disruption of Shoc2-USP7 binding leads to aberrant activation of the Shoc2-ERK1/2 axis. Importantly, our studies reveal a possible role for USP7 in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying NSLAH, thereby extending our understanding of how ubiquitin-specific proteases regulate intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lina Abdelmoti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Rebecca Norcross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Eun Ryoung Jang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Malathy Palayam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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252
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Hirano T, Suzuki N, Ikenaka Y, Hoshi N, Tabuchi Y. Neurotoxicity of a pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin is associated with the imbalance in proteolytic systems caused by mitophagy activation and proteasome inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 430:115723. [PMID: 34520793 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are one of the most commonly used classes of synthetic pesticides in the world. Recent laboratory and epidemiological evidence suggested that pyrethroids have potential adverse effects in the mammalian brain; however, the underlying mechanisms of the neurotoxic effects of pyrethroids have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of effects of a type II pyrethroid deltamethrin (DM) in a neuronal cell model focusing on the proteolytic function, including autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We confirmed that a micromolar concentration of DM dose-dependently decreased the cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death. Our results showed that DM enhanced autophagy in association with an accumulation of autophagosomes and increase in the levels of autophagy markers LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and p62 which were much elevated in the presence of lysosomal inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine. We also found that DM caused a dysfunction of mitochondria with a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA copy number as well as colocalization with autophagosomes. Moreover, a decrease in the activities of three major proteasomal enzymes and an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins were observed by the exposure to DM. Transcriptome analysis revealed that up-regulated genes supported the activation of autophagy with induction of cellular stress responses including oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, while down-regulated genes related to the cell cycle and DNA replication. These findings provide novel insights into the neurotoxicity of DM which underlie the imbalance in proteolytic function caused by mitophagy activation and proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Hirano
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Nihei Suzuki
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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253
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Capanni F, Greco S, Tomasi N, Giulianini PG, Manfrin C. Orally administered nano-polystyrene caused vitellogenin alteration and oxidative stress in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:147984. [PMID: 34118657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (≤100 nm) represent the smallest fraction of plastic litter and may result in the aquatic environment as degradation products of larger plastic material. To date, few studies focused on the interactions of micro- and nanoplastics with freshwater Decapoda. The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard, 1852) is an invasive species able to tolerate highly perturbed environments. As a benthic opportunistic feeder, this species may be susceptible to plastic ingestion. In this study, adult P. clarkii, at intermolt stage, were exposed to 100 μg of 100 nm carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) through diet in a 72 h acute toxicity test. An integrated approach was conceived to assess the biological effects of PS NPs, by analyzing both transcriptomic and physiological responses. Total hemocyte counts, basal and total phenoloxidase activities, glycemia and total protein concentration were investigated in crayfish hemolymph at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h from PS NPs administration to evaluate general stress response over time. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hemocytes and hepatopancreas were analyzed to ascertain the response of crayfish to PS NP challenge after 72 h. At a physiological level, crayfish were able to compensate for the induced stress, not exceeding generic stress thresholds. The RNA-Sequencing analysis revealed the altered expression of few genes involved in immune response, oxidative stress, gene transcription and translation, protein degradation, lipid metabolism, oxygen demand, and reproduction after PS NPs exposure. This study suggests that a low concentration of PS NPs may induce mild stress in crayfish, and sheds light on molecular pathways possibly involved in nanoplastic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capanni
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Samuele Greco
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Noemi Tomasi
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Piero G Giulianini
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Chiara Manfrin
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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254
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Delvecchio VS, Fierro C, Giovannini S, Melino G, Bernassola F. Emerging roles of the HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in hematological malignancies. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:39. [PMID: 35201500 PMCID: PMC8777521 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis or regulation of proteins, ultimately executed by E3 ubiquitin ligases, control a wide array of cellular processes, including transcription, cell cycle, autophagy and apoptotic cell death. HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases can be distinguished from other subfamilies of E3 ubiquitin ligases because they have a C-terminal HECT domain that directly catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to their substrate proteins. Deregulation of HECT-type E3-mediated ubiquitination plays a prominent role in cancer development and chemoresistance. Several members of this subfamily are indeed frequently deregulated in human cancers as a result of genetic mutations and altered expression or activity. HECT-type E3s contribute to tumorigenesis by regulating the ubiquitination rate of substrates that function as either tumour suppressors or oncogenes. While the pathological roles of the HECT family members in solid tumors are quite well established, their contribution to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies has only recently emerged. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of the HECT-type E3s in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Simona Delvecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Giovannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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255
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Schneider M, Radoux CJ, Hercules A, Ochoa D, Dunham I, Zalmas LP, Hessler G, Ruf S, Shanmugasundaram V, Hann MM, Thomas PJ, Queisser MA, Benowitz AB, Brown K, Leach AR. The PROTACtable genome. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:789-797. [PMID: 34285415 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging drug modality that may offer new opportunities to circumvent some of the limitations associated with traditional small-molecule therapeutics. By analogy with the concept of the 'druggable genome', the question arises as to which potential drug targets might PROTAC-mediated protein degradation be most applicable. Here, we present a systematic approach to the assessment of the PROTAC tractability (PROTACtability) of protein targets using a series of criteria based on data and information from a diverse range of relevant publicly available resources. Our approach could support decision-making on whether or not a particular target may be amenable to modulation using a PROTAC. Using our approach, we identified 1,067 proteins of the human proteome that have not yet been described in the literature as PROTAC targets that offer potential opportunities for future PROTAC-based efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schneider
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Chris J Radoux
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Exscientia, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Hercules
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - David Ochoa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ian Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lykourgos-Panagiotis Zalmas
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Gerhard Hessler
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Ruf
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Michael M Hann
- GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Pam J Thomas
- GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Kris Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
- Agenus, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Andrew R Leach
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
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256
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Upadhyay A. Natural compounds in the regulation of proteostatic pathways: An invincible artillery against stress, ageing, and diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2995-3014. [PMID: 34729300 PMCID: PMC8546668 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have different sets of molecules for performing an array of physiological functions. Nucleic acids have stored and carried the information throughout evolution, whereas proteins have been attributed to performing most of the cellular functions. To perform these functions, proteins need to have a unique conformation and a definite lifespan. These attributes are achieved by a highly coordinated protein quality control (PQC) system comprising chaperones to fold the proteins in a proper three-dimensional structure, ubiquitin-proteasome system for selective degradation of proteins, and autophagy for bulk clearance of cell debris. Many kinds of stresses and perturbations may lead to the weakening of these protective cellular machinery, leading to the unfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins and the occurrence of numerous pathological conditions. However, modulating the expression and functional efficiency of molecular chaperones, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and autophagic proteins may diminish cellular proteotoxic load and mitigate various pathological effects. Natural medicine and small molecule-based therapies have been well-documented for their effectiveness in modulating these pathways and reestablishing the lost proteostasis inside the cells to combat disease conditions. The present article summarizes various similar reports and highlights the importance of the molecules obtained from natural sources in disease therapeutics.
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Key Words
- 17-AAG, 17-allylamino-geldanamycin
- APC, anaphase-promoting complex
- Ageing
- Autophagy
- BAG, BCL2-associated athanogene
- CAP, chaperone-assisted proteasomal degradation
- CASA, chaperone-assisted selective autophagy
- CHIP, carboxy-terminus of HSC70 interacting protein
- CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy
- Cancer
- Chaperones
- DUBs, deubiquitinases
- Drug discovery
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport
- HECT, homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus
- HSC70, heat shock cognate 70
- HSF1, heat shock factor 1
- HSP, heat shock protein
- KFERQ, lysine-phenylalanine-glutamate-arginine-glutamine
- LAMP2a, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2a
- LC3, light chain 3
- NBR1, next to BRCA1 gene 1
- Natural molecules
- Neurodegeneration
- PQC, protein quality control
- Proteinopathies
- Proteostasis
- RING, really interesting new gene
- UPS, ubiquitin–proteasome system
- Ub, ubiquitin
- Ubiquitin proteasome system
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindari, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
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257
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Wang Z, Chen J, Wu X, Ma D, Zhang X, Li R, Han C, Liu H, Yin X, Du Q, Tong D, Huang Y. PCV2 targets cGAS to inhibit type I interferon induction to promote other DNA virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009940. [PMID: 34543359 PMCID: PMC8483418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses use diverse strategies to impair the antiviral immunity of host in order to promote infection and pathogenesis. Herein, we found that PCV2 infection promotes the infection of DNA viruses through inhibiting IFN-β induction in vivo and in vitro. In the early phase of infection, PCV2 promotes the phosphorylation of cGAS at S278 via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling, which directly silences the catalytic activity of cGAS. Subsequently, phosphorylation of cGAS at S278 can facilitate the K48-linked poly-ubiquitination of cGAS at K389, which can been served as a signal for recognizing by the ubiquitin-binding domain of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), to promote the translocation of K48-ubiquitinated-cGAS from cytosol to autolysosome depending on the deacetylase activity of HDAC6, thereby eventually resulting in a markedly increased cGAS degradation in PCV2 infection-induced autophagic cells relative to Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS)-induced autophagic cells (a typical starving autophagy). Importantly, we found that PCV2 Cap and its binding protein gC1qR act as predominant regulators to promote porcine cGAS phosphorylation and HDAC6 activation through mediating PI3K/AKT signaling and PKCδ signaling activation. Based on this finding, gC1qR-binding activity deficient PCV2 mutant (PCV2RmA) indeed shows a weakened inhibitory effect on IFN-β induction and a weaker boost effect for other DNA viruses infection compared to wild-type PCV2. Collectively, our findings illuminate a systematic regulation mechanism by which porcine circovirus counteracts the cGAS-STING signaling pathway to inhibit the type I interferon induction and promote DNA virus infection, and identify gC1qR as an important regulator for the immunosuppression induced by PCV2. PCV2 is well known for its ability to induce immunosuppression in pigs. However, how PCV2 infection interferes cGAS-STING signaling is still poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that PCV2 infection can phosphorylate porcine cGAS via gC1qR-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling to silence the catalytic activity of cGAS, while activates PKCδ signaling to promote histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activation depending on the assistance of gC1qR. Subsequently, phosphorylation of cGAS facilitates the poly-ubiquitination of cGAS, then ubiquitinated-cGAS proteins are recruited and transported to autolysosome by activated HDAC6 depending on its deacetylase activity and ubiquitin-binding function, thereby eventually resulting in the autophagic degradation of cGAS in PCV2-infected cells. This study reveals that PCV2 can inhibit the activation of cGAS signaling pathway through two different mechanisms at different stages of infection and clarifies the internal relationship and cooperation model between these two mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xingchen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Cong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haixin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangrui Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- * E-mail: (DT); (YH)
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- * E-mail: (DT); (YH)
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258
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Schweiggert J, Habeck G, Hess S, Mikus F, Beloshistov R, Meese K, Hata S, Knobeloch K, Melchior F. SCF Fbxw5 targets kinesin-13 proteins to facilitate ciliogenesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107735. [PMID: 34368969 PMCID: PMC8441365 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule depolymerases of the kinesin-13 family play important roles in various cellular processes and are frequently overexpressed in different cancer types. Despite the importance of their correct abundance, remarkably little is known about how their levels are regulated in cells. Using comprehensive screening on protein microarrays, we identified 161 candidate substrates of the multi-subunit ubiquitin E3 ligase SCFFbxw5 , including the kinesin-13 member Kif2c/MCAK. In vitro reconstitution assays demonstrate that MCAK and its closely related orthologs Kif2a and Kif2b become efficiently polyubiquitylated by neddylated SCFFbxw5 and Cdc34, without requiring preceding modifications. In cells, SCFFbxw5 targets MCAK for proteasomal degradation predominantly during G2 . While this seems largely dispensable for mitotic progression, loss of Fbxw5 leads to increased MCAK levels at basal bodies and impairs ciliogenesis in the following G1 /G0 , which can be rescued by concomitant knockdown of MCAK, Kif2a or Kif2b. We thus propose a novel regulatory event of ciliogenesis that begins already within the G2 phase of the preceding cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schweiggert
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Gregor Habeck
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Sandra Hess
- Institute of NeuropathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Felix Mikus
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Roman Beloshistov
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Klaus Meese
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shoji Hata
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
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259
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Park JS, Ma H, Roh YS. Ubiquitin pathways regulate the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114764. [PMID: 34529948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is considered the leading cause of global mortality. In westernized countries, increased consumption of alcohol and overeating foods with high fat/ high glucose promote progression of CLD such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidence and research suggest that ubiquitin, a 75 amino acid protein, plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of CLD through dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) exerting diverse cellular outcomes such as protein degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, and regulation of signal transduction. In this review, we present the function of ubiquitination and latest findings on diverse mechanism of PTMs, UPS and autophagy which significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and HCC. Despite its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, there are only few FDA approved drugs that could be administered to CLD patients. The goal of this review is to present a variety of pathways and therapeutic targets involving ubiquitination in the pathogenesis of CLD. Further, this review summarizes collective views of pharmaceutical inhibition or activation of recent drugs targeting UPS and autophagy system to highlight potential targets and new approaches to treat CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Hwan Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea.
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260
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Wang X, Wang Y, Li Z, Qin J, Wang P. Regulation of Ferroptosis Pathway by Ubiquitination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699304. [PMID: 34485285 PMCID: PMC8414903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, which plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis, ischemia–reperfusion injury and various human degenerative diseases. Ferroptosis is characterized by aberrant iron and lipid metabolisms. Mechanistically, excess of catalytic iron is capable of triggering lipid peroxidation followed by Fenton reaction to induce ferroptosis. The induction of ferroptosis can be inhibited by sufficient glutathione (GSH) synthesis via system Xc– transporter-mediated cystine uptake. Therefore, induction of ferroptosis by inhibition of cystine uptake or dampening of GSH synthesis has been considered as a novel strategy for cancer therapy, while reversal of ferroptotic effect is able to delay progression of diverse disorders, such as cardiopathy, steatohepatitis, and acute kidney injury. The ubiquitin (Ub)–proteasome pathway (UPP) dominates the majority of intracellular protein degradation by coupling Ub molecules to the lysine residues of protein substrate, which is subsequently recognized by the 26S proteasome for degradation. Ubiquitination is crucially involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Modulation of ubiquitination system has been exhibited to be a potential strategy for cancer treatment. Currently, more and more emerged evidence has demonstrated that ubiquitous modification is involved in ferroptosis and dominates the vulnerability to ferroptosis in multiple types of cancer. In this review, we will summarize the current findings of ferroptosis surrounding the viewpoint of ubiquitination regulation. Furthermore, we also highlight the potential effect of ubiquitination modulation on the perspective of ferroptosis-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieling Qin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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261
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Yang X, Jin N, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wang Y, Li T, Liu C, Yu T, Yin H, Zhang Z, Cheng SY, Yue S. Macroautophagy supports Sonic Hedgehog signaling by promoting Patched1 degradation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119124. [PMID: 34419491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conservative self-digestion process to maintain intracellular homeostasis and to ensure the survival of cells under stress. Activation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling depends on the normal endocytic degradation of pathway receptor Patched1 (Ptch1). It is unclear whether autophagy participates in the receptor endocytosis and modulates Shh signaling transduction. Here we found that blocking macroautophagy attenuates Shh signaling due to the failed transport of Smoothened (Smo) into primary cilia. At the upstream of Smo, Ptch1 was poly-ubiquitinated through K63-conjugated ubiquitin chains. Macroautophagy participates Shh-induced degradation of poly-ubiquitinated Ptch1, contributing to the activation of Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Nan Jin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yixing Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Pathology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215200, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hao Yin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
| | - Steven Y Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Shen Yue
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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262
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Proteomic and metabolic profiling of chronic patients with schizophrenia induced by a physical activity program: Pilot study. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2021; 14:125-138. [PMID: 34384726 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a chronic illness often accompanied by metabolic disorders, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular problems often associated with unhealthy lifestyles, as well as neuroendocrine problems caused by the disease itself. Lifestyle changes, such as regular physical exercise, have a positive effect on metabolic disorders and mental health, although the molecular changes that occur in this type of patient and how they explain the changes in their response are unknown. This study wants to analyze in a novel way the proteins and molecular pathways involved in critical plasmatic proteins in plasma to reveal the pathways involved in the implementation of physical exercise and the changes that occur among patients who participate in such programs with those who leave. METHODS Twenty-one patients with chronic schizophrenia underwent a daily, 6-month aerobic training program. We divided them into a group that completed the program (12 patients) and a second group that left the training program (9 patients). The biochemical and clinical data of each patient were analyzed and the proteomic profile of the plasma was studied using ESI-LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Proteomic analysis recognizes 21.165 proteins and peptides in each patient, of which we identified 1.812 proteins that varied between both groups linked to the metabolic and biological regulation pathways. After clinical analysis of each patient we found significant differences in weight, BMI, abdominal perimeter, diastolic blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol levels. The main change that vertebrates both groups is the Self-Assessment Anhedonia Scale, where we detected higher levels in the dropout group (no physical activity) compared to the active group. CONCLUSION The benefits of physical exercise are clear in chronic patients with schizophrenia, as it substantially improves their BMI, as well as their clinical and biochemical parameters. However, our study reveals the biological and molecular pathways that affect physical exercise in schizophrenia, such as important metabolic proteins such as ApoE and ApoC, proteins involved in neuronal regulation such as tenascin and neurotrophins, neuroinflammatory regulatory pathways such as lipocalin-2 and protein 14-3-3, as well as cytoskeleton proteins of cells such as spectrins and annexines. Understanding these molecular mechanisms opens the door to future therapies in the chronicity of schizophrenia.
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263
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Mallucci GR, Klenerman D, Rubinsztein DC. Developing Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Protein Aggregation and Cellular Stress Responses. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 36:165-189. [PMID: 33021824 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-040320-120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population ages, neurodegenerative disorders are poised to become the commonest cause of death. Despite this, they remain essentially untreatable. Characterized pathologically both by the aggregation of disease-specific misfolded proteins and by changes in cellular stress responses, to date, therapeutic approaches have focused almost exclusively on reducing misfolded protein load-notably amyloid beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease. The repeated failure of clinical trials has led to despondency over the possibility that these disorders will ever be treated. We argue that this is in fact a time for optimism: Targeting various generic stress responses is emerging as an increasingly promising means of modifying disease progression across these disorders. New treatments are approaching clinical trials, while novel means of targeting aggregates could eventually act preventively in early disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna R Mallucci
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom; .,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - David Klenerman
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom; .,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom; .,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
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264
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Pallapati AR, Sirigiri SD, Jain S, Ratnala V, Roy I. Lysine245 plays a crucial role in stability and function of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1726-1736. [PMID: 34369003 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd1 isoform) catalyzes the rate limiting step of glycerol synthesis and is a critical component of the osmo-responsive machinery in yeast. The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme is similar to the enzyme from many other organisms, including humans. A recent study with the human enzyme has proposed K120 (K152 in yeast) to be in the correct orientation for catalysis; K204 (K245 in yeast) is out of plane and is not a participant in the catalytic cycle. The current work was carried out to establish the role of K245 in the catalytic cycle of yeast Gpd1. K245A mutant was found to possess lower catalytic activity. Osmotically stressed cells expressing Gpd1 (K245A) showed no change in intracellular glycerol as compared with wild-type cells which showed ~60% increase. Fluorescence microscopy, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Thioflavin T spectrofluorimetry showed a relatively unstable, aggregation- and degradation-prone conformation for the mutant. In silico studies showed an aggregation "hotspot" around K245. This study establishes the requirement of K245 for conformational stability and functional adaptation of Gpd1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha R Pallapati
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Sri D Sirigiri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vamsi Ratnala
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
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265
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Li K, Zheng X, Tang H, Zang YS, Zeng C, Liu X, Shen Y, Pang Y, Wang S, Xie F, Lu X, Luo Y, Li Z, Bi W, Jia X, Huang T, Wei R, Huang K, Chen Z, Zhu Q, He Y, Zhang M, Gu Z, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Fletcher JA, Wang Y. E3 ligase MKRN3 is a tumor suppressor regulating PABPC1 ubiquitination in non-small cell lung cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210151. [PMID: 34143182 PMCID: PMC8217967 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP), largely caused by germline mutations in the MKRN3 gene, has been epidemiologically linked to cancers. MKRN3 is frequently mutated in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with five cohorts. Genomic MKRN3 aberrations are significantly enriched in NSCLC samples harboring oncogenic KRAS mutations. Low MKRN3 expression levels correlate with poor patient survival. Reconstitution of MKRN3 in MKRN3-inactivated NSCLC cells directly abrogates in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and proliferation. MKRN3 knockout mice are susceptible to urethane-induced lung cancer, and lung cell-specific knockout of endogenous MKRN3 accelerates NSCLC tumorigenesis in vivo. A mass spectrometry-based proteomics screen identified PABPC1 as a major substrate for MKRN3. The tumor suppressor function of MKRN3 is dependent on its E3 ligase activity, and MKRN3 missense mutations identified in patients substantially compromise MKRN3-mediated PABPC1 ubiquitination. Furthermore, MKRN3 modulates cell proliferation through PABPC1 nonproteolytic ubiquitination and subsequently, PABPC1-mediated global protein synthesis. Our integrated approaches demonstrate that the CPP-associated gene MKRN3 is a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufen Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Zeng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanying Shen
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhi Pang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Lu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Luo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Bi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Jia
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bioinformatics Core, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqiang Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchen Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Urology, No. 1 Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Miaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhan Gu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jonathan A. Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health–Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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266
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Rosnoblet C, Chatelain P, Klinguer A, Bègue H, Winckler P, Pichereaux C, Wendehenne D. The chaperone-like protein Cdc48 regulates ubiquitin-proteasome system in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2636-2655. [PMID: 33908641 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of misfolded proteins is mainly mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). UPS can be assisted by the protein Cdc48 but the relationship between UPS and Cdc48 in plants has been poorly investigated. Here, we analysed the regulation of UPS by Cdc48 in tobacco thanks to two independent cell lines overexpressing Cdc48 constitutively and plant leaves overexpressing Cdc48 transiently. In the cell lines, the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins was affected both quantitatively and qualitatively and the number of proteasomal subunits was modified, while proteolytic activities were unchanged. Similarly, the over-expression of Cdc48 in planta impacted the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. A similar process occurred in leaves overexpressing transiently Rpn3, a proteasome subunit. Cdc48 being involved in plant immunity, its regulation of UPS was also investigated in response to cryptogein, an elicitor of immune responses. In the cell lines stably overexpressing Cdc48 and in leaves transiently overexpressing Cdc48 and/or Rpn3, cryptogein triggered a premature cell death while no increase of the proteasomal activity occurred. Overall, this study highlights a role for Cdc48 in ubiquitin homeostasis and confirms its involvement, as well as that of Rpn3, in the processes underlying the hypersensitive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rosnoblet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Chatelain
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Klinguer
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Hervé Bègue
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Pascale Winckler
- Plateforme DimaCell, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (AIB), CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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267
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Wu S, Du L. Protein Aggregation in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1183-1194. [PMID: 32529541 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the distinction between ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, they share numerous pathophysiologies particularly those mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Although protein aggregation is considered to be a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, the formation of protein aggregates can be also induced within a short time after cerebral ischemia, aggravating cerebral ischemic injury. Protein aggregation uncovers a previously unappreciated molecular overlap between neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, compared with neurodegenerative disease, mechanism of protein aggregation after cerebral ischemia and how this can be averted remain unclear. This review highlights current understanding on protein aggregation and its intrinsic role in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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268
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Chen L, Kashina A. Post-translational Modifications of the Protein Termini. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:719590. [PMID: 34395449 PMCID: PMC8358657 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.719590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) involve enzyme-mediated covalent addition of functional groups to proteins during or after synthesis. These modifications greatly increase biological complexity and are responsible for orders of magnitude change between the variety of proteins encoded in the genome and the variety of their biological functions. Many of these modifications occur at the protein termini, which contain reactive amino- and carboxy-groups of the polypeptide chain and often are pre-primed through the actions of cellular machinery to expose highly reactive residues. Such modifications have been known for decades, but only a few of them have been functionally characterized. The vast majority of eukaryotic proteins are N- and C-terminally modified by acetylation, arginylation, tyrosination, lipidation, and many others. Post-translational modifications of the protein termini have been linked to different normal and disease-related processes and constitute a rapidly emerging area of biological regulation. Here we highlight recent progress in our understanding of post-translational modifications of the protein termini and outline the role that these modifications play in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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269
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Saffari-Chaleshtori J, Asadi-Samani M, Rasouli M, Shafiee SM. Autophagy and Ubiquitination as Two Major Players in Colorectal Cancer: A Review on Recent Patents. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:143-153. [PMID: 32603286 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200630103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men and women, Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Recent anti- CRC therapies are now targeting specific signaling pathways involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) and autophagy are two main protein quality control systems, which play major roles in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. A balanced function of these two pathways is necessary for the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we discuss the available evidence regarding the roles of autophagy and ubiquitination in progression and inhibition of CRC. METHODS The search terms "colorectal cancer" or "colon cancer" or "colorectal carcinoma" or "colon carcinoma" in combination with "ubiquitin proteasome" and "autophagy" were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and also Google Patents (https://patents.google .com) from January 2000 to Feb 2020. RESULTS The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy have been investigated. There are many important factors involved in UPS and autophagy but this systematic review shows the studies that have mostly focused on the role of ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR in CRC, and the more important factors such as ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR factors that are effective in the regulation of autophagy in CRC cells have not been yet investigated. CONCLUSION The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy such as ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR, ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR can be considered in drug therapy for controlling or activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saffari-Chaleshtori
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasouli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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270
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Mele M, De Luca P, Santos AR, Vieira M, Salazar IL, Pinheiro PS, Duarte CB. GRASP1 ubiquitination regulates AMPA receptor surface expression and synaptic activity in cultured hippocampal neurons. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21763. [PMID: 34245609 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903061rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synaptic expression of glutamate receptors of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) type is dynamically controlled by interaction with binding partners and auxiliary proteins. These proteins can be regulated by posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination. In this work, we investigated the regulation of glutamate receptor interacting protein-associated protein 1 (GRASP1) by ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms and its impact on surface expression and activity of synaptic AMPA receptors. Cotransfection of GFP-ubiquitin decreased myc-GRASP1 protein levels in HEK293T cells, and this effect was inhibited upon transfection of an ubiquitin mutant that cannot be ubiquitinated on Lys48. In addition, transfection of cultured hippocampal neurons with GFP-ubiquitin reduced the dendritic levels of endogenous GRASP1 and decreased the surface expression of GluA1 AMPA receptor subunits, an effect that was partly reversed by cotransfection with GRASP1. Similarly, transfection of hippocampal neurons with GFP-ubiquitin decreased the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) mediated by Ca2+ -impermeable AMPA receptors, and this effect was abrogated by cotransfection of GRASP1. Together, the results show a role for ubiquitination in the regulation of the postsynaptic protein GRASP1, which has an impact on the surface distribution of AMPA receptors and on their activity at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Mele
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pasqualino De Luca
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Vieira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo S Pinheiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081852. [PMID: 34440621 PMCID: PMC8393707 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging. Due to the age-related decline in different anti-AGE mechanisms, including detoxifying mechanisms and proteolytic capacities, glycated biomolecules are accumulated during normal aging in our body in a tissue-dependent manner. Viewed in this way, anti-AGE detoxifying systems are proposed as therapeutic targets to fight pathological dysfunction associated with AGE accumulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge related to the protective mechanisms against glycative stress, with a special emphasis on the glyoxalase system as the primary mechanism for detoxifying the reactive intermediates of glycation. This review focuses on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system, and the rate-limiting enzyme of this catalytic process. Although GLO1 is ubiquitously expressed, protein levels and activities are regulated in a tissue-dependent manner. We provide a comparative analysis of GLO1 protein in different tissues. Our findings indicate a role for the glyoxalase system in homeostasis in the eye retina, a highly oxygenated tissue with rapid protein turnover. We also describe modulation of the glyoxalase system as a therapeutic target to delay the development of age-related diseases and summarize the literature that describes the current knowledge about nutritional compounds with properties to modulate the glyoxalase system.
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272
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Structural basis for specific recognition of K6-linked polyubiquitin chains by the TAB2 NZF domain. Biophys J 2021; 120:3355-3362. [PMID: 34242591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TAK1-binding protein 2 (TAB2) has generally been considered to bind specifically to K63-linked polyubiquitin chains via its C-terminal Npl4 zinc-finger (NZF) domain. However, a recent study showed that the NZF domain of TAB2 (TAB2-NZF) could also interact with K6-linked polyubiquitin chains. Here, we report the crystal structure of TAB2-NZF in complex with K6-linked diubiquitin (K6-Ub2) at 1.99-Å resolution. TAB2-NZF simultaneously interacts with the distal and proximal ubiquitin moieties of K6-Ub2. By comparing the structures of TAB2-NZF in complex with K6-Ub2 and with K63-linked diubiquitin (K63-Ub2), we reveal that the binding mechanism of TAB2-NZF with K6-Ub2 is similar to that with K63-Ub2, except for the flexible C-terminal region of the distal ubiquitin. Therefore, we conclude that the C-terminal flexibility of the distal ubiquitin contributes to the dual specificity of TAB2-NZF toward K6- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains. This study provides important insights into the functions of K6-linked ubiquitin chains, which are currently unclear.
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273
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Ji F, Zhou M, Sun Z, Jiang Z, Zhu H, Xie Z, Ouyang X, Zhang L, Li L. Integrative proteomics reveals the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase SYVN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1007-1023. [PMID: 34196494 PMCID: PMC8504139 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metastasis is a major factor for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the relationship between ubiquitination and metastasis need to be studied more systematically. We analyzed the ubiquitinome of HCC in this study to have a more comprehensive insight into human HCC metastasis. Methods The protein ubiquitination levels in 15 HCC specimens with vascular invasion and 15 without vascular invasion were detected by ubiquitinome. Proteins with significantly different ubiquitination levels between HCCs with and without vascular invasion were used to predict E3 ubiquitin ligases associated with tumor metastasis. The topological network of protein substrates and corresponding E3 ubiquitin ligases was constructed to identify the key E3 ubiquitin ligase. Besides, the growth, migration and invasion ability of LM3 and HUH7 hepatoma cell lines with and without SYVN1 expression interference were measured by cell proliferation assay, subcutaneous tumor assay, umphal vein endothelium tube formation assay, transwell migration and invasion assays. Finally, the interacting proteins of SYVN1 were screened and verified by protein interaction omics, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation. Ubiquitin levels of related protein substrates in LM3 and HUH7 cells were compared in negative control, SYVN1 knockdown, and SYVN1 overexpression groups. Results In this study, our whole‐cell proteomic dataset and ubiquitinomic dataset contained approximately 5600 proteins and 12,000 ubiquitinated sites. We discovered increased ubiquitinated sites with shorter ubiquitin chains during the progression of HCC metastasis. In addition, proteomic and ubiquitinomic analyses revealed that high expression of E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase SYVN1 is related with tumor metastasis. Furthermore, we found that SYVN1 interacted with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and impacted the ubiquitination of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (EEF2K). Conclusions The ubiquitination profiles of HCC with and without vascular invasion were significantly different. SYVN1 was the most important E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase responsible for this phenomenon, and it was related with tumor metastasis and growth. Therefore, SYVN1 might be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
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274
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Novel Mutations in X-Linked, USP26-Induced Asthenoteratozoospermia and Male Infertility. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071594. [PMID: 34202084 PMCID: PMC8307012 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic background. Abnormal sperm morphologies have been found to be closely related to male infertility. Here, we conducted whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 150 Han Chinese men with asthenoteratozoospermia. Two novel hemizygous mutations were identified in USP26, an X-linked gene preferentially expressed in the testis and encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme. These USP26 variants are extremely rare in human population genome databases and have been predicted to be deleterious by multiple bioinformatics tools. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy analyses of the spermatozoa from men harboring hemizygous USP26 variants showed a highly aberrant morphology and ultrastructure of the sperm heads and flagella. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting assays revealed obviously reduced levels of USP26 mRNA and protein in the spermatozoa from men harboring hemizygous deleterious variants of USP26. Furthermore, intracytoplasmic sperm injections performed on infertile men harboring hemizygous USP26 variants achieved satisfactory outcomes. Overall, our study demonstrates that USP26 is essential for normal sperm morphogenesis, and hemizygous USP26 mutations can induce X-linked asthenoteratozoospermia. These findings will provide effective guidance for the genetic and reproductive counseling of infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia.
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275
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Molecular basis for recognition of Gly/N-degrons by CRL2 ZYG11B and CRL2 ZER1. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3262-3274.e3. [PMID: 34214466 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-degron pathways are a set of proteolytic systems that target the N-terminal destabilizing residues of substrates for proteasomal degradation. Recently, the Gly/N-degron pathway has been identified as a new branch of the N-degron pathway. The N-terminal glycine degron (Gly/N-degron) is recognized by ZYG11B and ZER1, the substrate receptors of the Cullin 2-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL2). Here we present the crystal structures of ZYG11B and ZER1 bound to various Gly/N-degrons. The structures reveal that ZYG11B and ZER1 utilize their armadillo (ARM) repeats forming a deep and narrow cavity to engage mainly the first four residues of Gly/N-degrons. The α-amino group of the Gly/N-degron is accommodated in an acidic pocket by five conserved hydrogen bonds. These structures, together with biochemical studies, decipher the molecular basis for the specific recognition of the Gly/N-degron by ZYG11B and ZER1, providing key information for future structure-based chemical probe design.
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276
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Abstract
Ubiquitination involves the covalent attachment of the protein ubiquitin to substrates. It can be reversed by the action of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), thereby providing an important layer of regulation. Originally believed to be restricted to lysine residues, it is emerging that additional amino acids, including serine, threonine and cysteine, are also modified. It remains unknown which DUBs might target these unusual sites for deubiquitination. Herein, we develop representative model substrates and screen 53 DUBs for non-lysine activity, thereby providing important insights into DUB function. Strikingly, we find that a poorly studied DUB class has potent and highly selective serine/threonine activity. These findings suggest that non-lysine ubiquitination rivals the regulatory sophistication of its conventional counterpart and might serve distinct cellular functions. The reversibility of ubiquitination by the action of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) serves as an important regulatory layer within the ubiquitin system. Approximately 100 DUBs are encoded by the human genome, and many have been implicated with pathologies, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Non-lysine ubiquitination is chemically distinct, and its physiological importance is emerging. Here, we couple chemically and chemoenzymatically synthesized ubiquitinated lysine and threonine model substrates to a mass spectrometry-based DUB assay. Using this platform, we profile two-thirds of known catalytically active DUBs for threonine esterase and lysine isopeptidase activity and find that most DUBs demonstrate dual selectivity. However, with two anomalous exceptions, the ovarian tumor domain DUB class demonstrates specific (iso)peptidase activity. Strikingly, we find the Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) class to be unappreciated non-lysine DUBs with highly specific ubiquitin esterase activity rivaling the efficiency of the most active isopeptidases. Esterase activity is dependent on the canonical catalytic triad, but proximal hydrophobic residues appear to be general determinants of non-lysine activity. Our findings also suggest that ubiquitin esters have appreciable cellular stability and that non-lysine ubiquitination is an integral component of the ubiquitin system. Its regulatory sophistication is likely to rival that of canonical ubiquitination.
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277
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Song X, Jiang J, Tian W, Zhan F, Zhu Z, Li B, Tang H, Cao L. A report of two cases of bulbospinal form Alexander disease and preliminary exploration of the disease. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:572. [PMID: 34109421 PMCID: PMC8201446 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is a cerebral white matter disease affecting a wide range of ages, from infants to adults. In the present study, two cases of bulbospinal form AxD were reported, and a preliminary exploration of AxD was conducted thorough clinical, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional analyses. In total, two de novo mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene (c.214G>A and c.1235C>T) were identified in unrelated patients (one in each patient). Both patients showed increased regional neural activity and functional connectivity in the cerebellum and posterior parietal cortex according to fMRI analysis. Notably, grey matter atrophy was discovered in the patient with c.214G>A variant. Functional experiments revealed aberrant accumulation of mutant GFAP and decreased solubility of c.1235C>T variant. Under pathological conditions, autophagic flux was activated for GFAP aggregate degradation. Moreover, transcriptional data of AxD and healthy human brain samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed an upregulation of immune‑related responses and downregulation of ion transport, synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter homeostasis. Enrichment analysis of cell‑specific differentially expressed genes also indicated a marked inflammatory environment in AxD. Overall, the clinical features of the two patients with bulbospinal form AxD were thoroughly described. To the best of our knowledge, the brain atrophy pattern and spontaneous brain functional network activity of patients with AxD were explored for the first time. Cytological experiments provided evidence of the pathogenicity of the identified variants. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis found that inflammatory immune‑related reactions may play a critical role in AxD, which may be conducive to the understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wotu Tian
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Feixia Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Binyin Li
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Huidong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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278
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Takahashi D, Arimoto H. Selective autophagy as the basis of autophagy-based degraders. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1061-1071. [PMID: 34087173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Degrader technologies, which enable the chemical knockdown of disease-causing proteins, are promising for drug discovery. After two decades of research, degraders using the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are currently in clinical trials. However, the UPS substrates are mainly limited to soluble proteins. Autophagy-targeting chimeras and autophagosome-tethering compounds are degraders that use autophagy, which has functions complementary to the UPS. They can degrade organelles and aggregate-prone proteins, making them promising treatments against age-related conditions such as mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanism of selective autophagy is an ongoing research topic, which explains why autophagy-based degraders were not available until recently. In this review, we introduce four classifications of selective autophagy mechanisms to facilitate the understanding of the degrader design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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279
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Tying up loose ends: the N-degron and C-degron pathways of protein degradation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1557-1567. [PMID: 32627813 PMCID: PMC7458402 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is thought to be governed primarily by the recognition of specific motifs — degrons — present in substrate proteins. The ends of proteins — the N- and C-termini – have unique properties, and an important subset of protein–protein interactions involve the recognition of free termini. The first degrons to be discovered were located at the extreme N-terminus of proteins, a finding which initiated the study of the N-degron (formerly N-end rule) pathways, but only in the last few years has it emerged that a diverse set of C-degron pathways target analogous degron motifs located at the extreme C-terminus of proteins. In this minireview we summarise the N-degron and C-degron pathways currently known to operate in human cells, focussing primarily on those that have been discovered in recent years. In each case we describe the cellular machinery responsible for terminal degron recognition, and then consider some of the functional roles of terminal degron pathways. Altogether, a broad spectrum of E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate the recognition of a diverse array of terminal degron motifs; these degradative pathways have the potential to influence a wide variety of cellular functions.
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280
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Zhang Z, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Zheng Z, Tran NT, Li S, Zhang Y. Ubiquitination as an Important Host-Immune Response Strategy in Penaeid Shrimp: Inferences From Other Species. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697397. [PMID: 34122458 PMCID: PMC8191737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture is an essential economic venture globally, but the industry faces numerous challenges, especially pathogenic infections. As invertebrates, shrimp rely mainly on their innate immune system for protection. An increasing number of studies have shown that ubiquitination plays a vital role in the innate immune response to microbial pathogens. As an important form of posttranslational modification (PTM), both hosts and pathogens have exploited ubiquitination and the ubiquitin system as an immune response strategy to outwit the other. This short review brings together recent findings on ubiquitination and how this PTM plays a critical role in immune modulation in penaeid shrimps. Key findings inferred from other species would help guide further studies on ubiquitination as an immune response strategy in shrimp-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxue Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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281
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Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is a broad and expanding field aimed at the modulation of protein homeostasis. A focus of this field has been directed toward molecules that hijack the ubiquitin proteasome system with heterobifunctional ligands that recruit a target protein to an E3 ligase to facilitate polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Despite the success of these chimeras toward a number of clinically relevant targets, the ultimate breadth and scope of this approach remains uncertain. Here we highlight recent advances in assays and tools available to evaluate targeted protein degradation, including and beyond the study of E3-targeted chimeric ligands. We note several challenges associated with degrader development and discuss various approaches to expanding the protein homeostasis toolbox.
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282
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Castro-Gonzalez S, Simpson S, Shi Y, Chen Y, Benjamin J, Serra-Moreno R. HIV Nef-mediated Ubiquitination of BCL2: Implications in Autophagy and Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682624. [PMID: 34025682 PMCID: PMC8134690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a process that acts upon every step of the HIV replication cycle. The activity, subcellular localization, and stability of HIV dependency factors as well as negative modulators can be affected by ubiquitination. These modifications consequently have an impact on the progression and outcome of infection. Additionally, recent findings suggest new roles for ubiquitination in the interplay between HIV and the cellular environment, specifically in the interactions between HIV, autophagy and apoptosis. On one hand, autophagy is a defense mechanism against HIV that promotes the degradation of the viral protein Gag, likely through ubiquitination. Gag is an essential structural protein that drives virion assembly and release. Interestingly, the ubiquitination of Gag is vital for HIV replication. Hence, this post-translational modification in Gag represents a double-edged sword: necessary for virion biogenesis, but potentially detrimental under conditions of autophagy activation. On the other hand, HIV uses Nef to circumvent autophagy-mediated restriction by promoting the ubiquitination of the autophagy inhibitor BCL2 through Parkin/PRKN. Although the Nef-promoted ubiquitination of BCL2 occurs in both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, only ER-associated ubiquitinated BCL2 arrests the progression of autophagy. Importantly, both mitochondrial BCL2 and PRKN are tightly connected to mitochondrial function and apoptosis. Hence, by enhancing the PRKN-mediated ubiquitination of BCL2 at the mitochondria, HIV might promote apoptosis. Moreover, this effect of Nef might account for HIV-associated disorders. In this article, we outline our current knowledge and provide perspectives of how ubiquitination impacts the molecular interactions between HIV, autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Serra-Moreno
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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283
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Senatore E, Chiuso F, Rinaldi L, Intartaglia D, Delle Donne R, Pedone E, Catalanotti B, Pirone L, Fiorillo B, Moraca F, Giamundo G, Scala G, Raffeiner A, Torres-Quesada O, Stefan E, Kwiatkowski M, van Pijkeren A, Morleo M, Franco B, Garbi C, Conte I, Feliciello A. The TBC1D31/praja2 complex controls primary ciliogenesis through PKA-directed OFD1 ubiquitylation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106503. [PMID: 33934390 PMCID: PMC8126939 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule‐based sensory organelle that dynamically links signalling pathways to cell differentiation, growth, and development. Genetic defects of primary cilia are responsible for genetic disorders known as ciliopathies. Orofacial digital type I syndrome (OFDI) is an X‐linked congenital ciliopathy caused by mutations in the OFD1 gene and characterized by malformations of the face, oral cavity, digits and, in the majority of cases, polycystic kidney disease. OFD1 plays a key role in cilium biogenesis. However, the impact of signalling pathways and the role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) in the control of OFD1 stability remain unknown. Here, we identify a novel complex assembled at centrosomes by TBC1D31, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase praja2, protein kinase A (PKA), and OFD1. We show that TBC1D31 is essential for ciliogenesis. Mechanistically, upon G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)‐cAMP stimulation, PKA phosphorylates OFD1 at ser735, thus promoting OFD1 proteolysis through the praja2‐UPS circuitry. This pathway is essential for ciliogenesis. In addition, a non‐phosphorylatable OFD1 mutant dramatically affects cilium morphology and dynamics. Consistent with a role of the TBC1D31/praja2/OFD1 axis in ciliogenesis, alteration of this molecular network impairs ciliogenesis in vivo in Medaka fish, resulting in developmental defects. Our findings reveal a multifunctional transduction unit at the centrosome that links GPCR signalling to ubiquitylation and proteolysis of the ciliopathy protein OFD1, with important implications on cilium biology and development. Derangement of this control mechanism may underpin human genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Senatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Net4Science srl, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Raffeiner
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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284
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Zhu Q, Fu Y, Li L, Liu CH, Zhang L. The functions and regulation of Otubains in protein homeostasis and diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101303. [PMID: 33609777 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding proteins Otubain1 (OTUB1) and Otubain2 (OTUB2) were initially identified as OTU deubiquitinases (DUBs). Recently, Otubains have emerged as essential regulators of diverse physiological processes, such as immune signaling and DNA damage response. Dysregulation of those processes is likely to increase the risk in multiple aspects of aging-related diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic kidney diseases, bone dysplasia and pulmonary fibrosis. Consistently, Otubains are aberrantly expressed in cancers and have been identified to be both tumor suppressors and tumor promoters in different types of cancers. Therefore, the regulatory mechanism of the activity and expression of Otubains is very important for better understanding of Otubains-associated biological networks and human diseases. This review provides a comprehensive description of functions and regulatory axis of Otubains, highlighting experimental evidences indicating Otubains as potential therapeutic targets against aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yesheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China.
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285
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Garcia-Sanchez JA, Ewbank JJ, Visvikis O. Ubiquitin-related processes and innate immunity in C. elegans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4305-4333. [PMID: 33630111 PMCID: PMC11072174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is an evolutionary ancient defence strategy that serves to eliminate infectious agents while maintaining host health. It involves a complex network of sensors, signaling proteins and immune effectors that detect the danger, then relay and execute the immune programme. Post-translational modifications relying on conserved ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are an integral part of the system. Studies using invertebrate models of infection, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, have greatly contributed to our understanding of how ubiquitin-related processes act in immune sensing, regulate immune signaling pathways, and participate to host defence responses. This review highlights the interest of working with a genetically tractable model organism and illustrates how C. elegans has been used to identify ubiquitin-dependent immune mechanisms, discover novel ubiquitin-based resistance strategies that mediate pathogen clearance, and unravel the role of ubiquitin-related processes in tolerance, preserving host fitness during pathogen attack. Special emphasis is placed on processes that are conserved in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Garcia-Sanchez
- INSERM, C3M, Côte D'Azur University, Nice, France
- INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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286
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Cho K, Kim S, Choi SH. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 is induced in Huntington's disease and involved in autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:21-27. [PMID: 33933990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are primarily feedback inhibitors of cytokine signaling. The two conserved domains of SOCS proteins have distinct functions. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain inhibits cytokine receptor, while SOCS box acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. SOCS2, a cytokine signaling suppressor, has been primarily implicated in regulating inflammatory conditions in neuronal diseases. However, SOCS proteins have been suggested to play diverse roles in healthy and diseased nervous system including neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, SOCS2 was found to be upregulated in Huntington's disease and was substantially induced in extended polyglutamine (polyQ)-expressing striatal cells. The induced level was augmented under aging conditions. In extended polyQ-expressing cells, downregulated SOCS2 improved autophagic dysfunction rather than altered inflammatory conditions. Overall, we suggest that SOCS2 involves in regulating autophagy by functioning as an E3 ligase in extended polyQ conditions, and consequently regulates cell damage and cell death type.
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Affiliation(s)
- KyoungJoo Cho
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Sejeong Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, South Korea; Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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287
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Martín-Villanueva S, Gutiérrez G, Kressler D, de la Cruz J. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins and Domains in Ribosome Production and Function: Chance or Necessity? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094359. [PMID: 33921964 PMCID: PMC8122580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a small protein that is highly conserved throughout eukaryotes. It operates as a reversible post-translational modifier through a process known as ubiquitination, which involves the addition of one or several ubiquitin moieties to a substrate protein. These modifications mark proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation or alter their localization or activity in a variety of cellular processes. In most eukaryotes, ubiquitin is generated by the proteolytic cleavage of precursor proteins in which it is fused either to itself, constituting a polyubiquitin precursor, or as a single N-terminal moiety to ribosomal proteins, which are practically invariably eL40 and eS31. Herein, we summarize the contribution of the ubiquitin moiety within precursors of ribosomal proteins to ribosome biogenesis and function and discuss the biological relevance of having maintained the explicit fusion to eL40 and eS31 during evolution. There are other ubiquitin-like proteins, which also work as post-translational modifiers, among them the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). Both ubiquitin and SUMO are able to modify ribosome assembly factors and ribosomal proteins to regulate ribosome biogenesis and function. Strikingly, ubiquitin-like domains are also found within two ribosome assembly factors; hence, the functional role of these proteins will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martín-Villanueva
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain;
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Dieter Kressler
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (J.d.l.C.); Tel.: +41-26-300-86-45 (D.K.); +34-955-923-126 (J.d.l.C.)
| | - Jesús de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain;
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (J.d.l.C.); Tel.: +41-26-300-86-45 (D.K.); +34-955-923-126 (J.d.l.C.)
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288
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Cellular fate of intersex differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:388. [PMID: 33846307 PMCID: PMC8041806 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Infertile ovotestis (mixture of ovary and testis) often occurs in intersex individuals under certain pathological and physiological conditions. However, how ovotestis is formed remains largely unknown. Here, we report the first comprehensive single-cell developmental atlas of the model ovotestis. We provide an overview of cell identities and a roadmap of germline, niche, and stem cell development in ovotestis by cell lineage reconstruction and a uniform manifold approximation and projection. We identify common progenitors of germline stem cells with two states, which reveal their bipotential nature to differentiate into both spermatogonial stem cells and female germline stem cells. Moreover, we found that ovotestis infertility was caused by degradation of female germline cells via liquid-liquid phase separation of the proteasomes in the nucleus, and impaired histone-to-protamine replacement in spermatid differentiation. Notably, signaling pathways in gonadal niche cells and their interaction with germlines synergistically determined distinct cell fate of both male and female germlines. Overall, we reveal a cellular fate map of germline and niche cell development that shapes cell differentiation direction of ovotestis, and provide novel insights into ovotestis development.
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289
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Wang X, Liu Y, Leng X, Cao K, Sun W, Zhu J, Ma J. UBE2T Contributes to the Prognosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:632531. [PMID: 34257599 PMCID: PMC8262217 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.632531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 T (UBE2T) has been shown to contribute to several types of cancer. However, no publication has reported its implication in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Methods: We explored several public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine, and gene expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were adopted to explore involved signaling pathways. We used R software to develop prognostic gene signatures with the LASSO and stepwise Cox regression analysis, separately. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect UBE2T in 90 ESCC patients, followed by survival analysis. We also used an R package pRRophetic to evaluate chemotherapy sensitivity for the TCGA–ESCC cohort. Results: We found significantly increased UBE2T transcript levels and DNA copy numbers in ESCC tissues. UBE2T was associated with the p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, Fanconi anemia pathway, and DNA replication, as indicated by Go, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. These pathways were also upregulated in ESCC. The prognostic signatures with UBE2T-associated genes could stratify ESCC patients into low- and high-risk groups with significantly different overall survival in the TCGA–ESCC cohort. We also validated the association of UBE2T with unfavorable survival in 90 ESCC patients recruited for this study. Moreover, we found that the low-risk group was significantly more sensitive to chemotherapy than the high-risk group. Conclusions: UBE2T is involved in the development of ESCC, and gene signatures derived from UBE2T-associated genes are predictive of prognosis in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Leng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Kui Cao
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jianqun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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290
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Song L, Yang F, Wang Z, Yang L, Zhou Y. Ginsenoside Rg5 inhibits cancer cell migration by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB and erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:452. [PMID: 33907562 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cancer-associated deaths are caused by cancer metastasis, the first step of which is the acquisition of migratory ability by cancer cells. Therefore, the suppression of cancer cell migration represents a potential efficient strategy to inhibit cancer metastasis. Inflammation induces cancer cell migration through the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is a transcription factor that serves a central role in inflammatory signaling. Recent studies have demonstrated that the phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) at S897 promotes cancer cell migration. Therefore, a compound with the ability to abolish these two factors may suppress cancer metastasis. In the present study, ginseng saponin ginsenoside Rg5 was found to inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κB and EphA2. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg5 and determine whether it inhibited cancer cell migration. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg5 inhibited the activation of NF-κB by suppressing its upstream kinase transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 in TNF-α treated HeLa or A549 cells compared with that in the untreated control group. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg5 attenuated the expression of EphA2 by lysosomal degradation, which inhibited its phosphorylation. In addition, ginsenoside Rg5 suppressed inflammatory cytokine-induced cancer cell migration. In conclusion, the results of the present study provided a scientific basis for the development of ginsenoside Rg5 as a potential antimetastatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixin Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 9300194, Japan
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291
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Paul S, Venkatramani R. Estimating the Directional Flexibility of Proteins from Equilibrium Thermal Fluctuations. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3103-3118. [PMID: 33818072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The directional flexibility of proteins is an equilibrium molecular property which is accessible to both experiment and computation. Single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) experiments report effective directional spring constants to describe the collective anisotropic response of a protein structure to mechanical pulling forces applied along selected axes. On the other hand, computational methods have thus far employed either indirect force based nonequilibrium simulations or coarse-grained elastic network models (ENM) to predict protein directional spring constants. Here, we examine the ability of equilibrium atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to estimate the directional flexibility and mechanical anisotropy of proteins. MD-derived effective directional spring constants are found to correlate well with SMFS spring constants (ρ2 = 0.97-0.99; Adj R2 = 0.92-0.99) and unfolding forces (ρ2 = 0.85-0.97; Adj R2 = 0.63-0.91) for five different globular proteins. Specifically, the computed spring constants reproduce the mechanical anisotropy reported by SMFS along five different directions of green fluorescence protein (GFP) and six directions of the immunoglobulin-binding B1 domain of streptococcal protein G (GB1). Further, protein dynamics as captured in MD can be translated into spring constants which can distinguish the N-C directional flexibility of ubiquitin (Ub) from two structurally homologous small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO1 and SUMO2) isoforms. We apply our computational framework to study the mechanical anisotropy of Ub along the seven lysine-C-term directions which are functionally relevant. We show that Ub possesses two distinct flexibility scales along these directions which roughly differ by an order of magnitude. Further, our studies reveal that the mechanical anisotropy of Ub is modified in contrasting ways by the binding of two partner proteins (UBCH5A and UEV) which attach and recognize these biomolecular tag proteins. On the basis of equilibrium MD benchmarks for flexibility along 2485 bond vectors in Ub, we propose and validate a new covariance-propagation scheme to extract spring constants from ENM normal modes. We also critically examine the ability of ENM to predict directional flexibility of proteins and suggest modifications to improve these intuitive and scalable descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400 005, India
| | - Ravindra Venkatramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400 005, India
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292
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Kawabe H, Stegmüller J. The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in synapse function in the healthy and diseased brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 112:103602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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293
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Yoon MJ, Choi B, Kim EJ, Ohk J, Yang C, Choi YG, Lee J, Kang C, Song HK, Kim YK, Woo JS, Cho Y, Choi EJ, Jung H, Kim C. UXT chaperone prevents proteotoxicity by acting as an autophagy adaptor for p62-dependent aggrephagy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1955. [PMID: 33782410 PMCID: PMC8007730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
p62/SQSTM1 is known to act as a key mediator in the selective autophagy of protein aggregates, or aggrephagy, by steering ubiquitinated protein aggregates towards the autophagy pathway. Here, we use a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify the prefoldin-like chaperone UXT as an interacting protein of p62. We show that UXT can bind to protein aggregates as well as the LB domain of p62, and, possibly by forming an oligomer, increase p62 clustering for its efficient targeting to protein aggregates, thereby promoting the formation of the p62 body and clearance of its cargo via autophagy. We also find that ectopic expression of human UXT delays SOD1(A4V)-induced degeneration of motor neurons in a Xenopus model system, and that specific disruption of the interaction between UXT and p62 suppresses UXT-mediated protection. Together, these results indicate that UXT functions as an autophagy adaptor of p62-dependent aggrephagy. Furthermore, our study illustrates a cooperative relationship between molecular chaperones and the aggrephagy machinery that efficiently removes misfolded protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ohk
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansik Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gil Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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294
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Vozandychova V, Stojkova P, Hercik K, Rehulka P, Stulik J. The Ubiquitination System within Bacterial Host-Pathogen Interactions. Microorganisms 2021; 9:638. [PMID: 33808578 PMCID: PMC8003559 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of proteins, like phosphorylation and acetylation, is an important regulatory aspect influencing numerous and various cell processes, such as immune response signaling and autophagy. The study of ubiquitination has become essential to learning about host-pathogen interactions, and a better understanding of the detailed mechanisms through which pathogens affect ubiquitination processes in host cell will contribute to vaccine development and effective treatment of diseases. Pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Salmonella enterica, Legionella pneumophila and Shigella flexneri) encode many effector proteins, such as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), targeting the host ubiquitin machinery and thus disrupting pertinent ubiquitin-dependent anti-bacterial response. We focus here upon the host ubiquitination system as an integral unit, its interconnection with the regulation of inflammation and autophagy, and primarily while examining pathogens manipulating the host ubiquitination system. Many bacterial effector proteins have already been described as being translocated into the host cell, where they directly regulate host defense processes. Due to their importance in pathogenic bacteria progression within the host, they are regarded as virulence factors essential for bacterial evasion. However, in some cases (e.g., Francisella tularensis) the host ubiquitination system is influenced by bacterial infection, although the responsible bacterial effectors are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vozandychova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Pavla Stojkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Kamil Hercik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rehulka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Jiri Stulik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (P.S.); (K.H.); (P.R.)
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295
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Wang C, Wang H, Zheng C, Liu Z, Gao X, Xu F, Niu Y, Zhang L, Xu P. Research progress of MEK1/2 inhibitors and degraders in the treatment of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113386. [PMID: 33774345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) are the crucial part of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway (or ERK pathway), which is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes including proliferation, survival, and differentiation et al. Targeting MEK has become an important strategy for cancer therapy, and 4 MEK inhibitors (MEKis) have been approved by FDA to date. However, the application of MEKis is limited due to acquired resistance under long-term treatment. Fortunately, an emerging technology, named proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), could break through this limitation by inducing MEK1/2 degradation. Compared to MEKis, MEK1/2 PROTAC is rarely studied and only three MEK1/2 PROTAC molecules, have been reported until now. This paper will outline the ERK pathway and the mechanism and research progress of MEK1/2 inhibitors, but focus on the development of MEK degraders and their optimization strategies. PAC-1 strategy which can induce MEK degradation indirectly, other PROTACs on ERK pathway, the advantages and challenges of PROTAC technology will be subsequently discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Teaching Laboratory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cangxin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozuo Gao
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fengrong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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296
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Xie W, Jin S, Wu Y, Xian H, Tian S, Liu DA, Guo Z, Cui J. Auto-ubiquitination of NEDD4-1 Recruits USP13 to Facilitate Autophagy through Deubiquitinating VPS34. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2807-2819.e4. [PMID: 32101753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34) is a core protein of autophagy initiation, yet the regulatory mechanisms responsible for its stringent control remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1 promotes the autophagy flux by targeting VPS34. NEDD4-1 undergoes lysine 29 (K29)-linked auto-ubiquitination at K1279 and serves as a scaffold for recruiting the ubiquitin-specific protease 13 (USP13) to form an NEDD4-1-USP13 deubiquitination complex, which subsequently stabilizes VPS34 to promote autophagy through removing the K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains from VPS34 at K419. Knockout of either NEDD4-1 or USP13 increased K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of VPS34, thus attenuating the formation of the autophagosome. Our results identify an essential role for NEDD4-1 in regulating autophagy, which provides molecular insights into the mechanisms by which ubiquitination regulates autophagy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Huifang Xian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Di-Ao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
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297
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Ng MYW, Wai T, Simonsen A. Quality control of the mitochondrion. Dev Cell 2021; 56:881-905. [PMID: 33662258 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that execute and coordinate various metabolic processes in the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction severely affects cell fitness and contributes to disease. Proper organellar function depends on the biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondria and its >1,000 proteins. As a result, the cell has evolved mechanisms to coordinate protein and organellar quality control, such as the turnover of proteins via mitochondria-associated degradation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and mitoproteases, as well as the elimination of mitochondria through mitophagy. Specific quality control mechanisms are engaged depending upon the nature and severity of mitochondrial dysfunction, which can also feed back to elicit transcriptional or proteomic remodeling by the cell. Here, we will discuss the current understanding of how these different quality control mechanisms are integrated and overlap to maintain protein and organellar quality and how they may be relevant for cellular and organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Yoke Wui Ng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Wai
- Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3691, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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298
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Correa Marrero M, Barrio-Hernandez I. Toward Understanding the Biochemical Determinants of Protein Degradation Rates. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5091-5100. [PMID: 33681549 PMCID: PMC7931188 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation is a key component of the regulation of gene expression and is at the center of several pathogenic processes. Proteins are regularly degraded, but there is large variation in their lifetimes, and the kinetics of protein degradation are not well understood. Many different factors can influence protein degradation rates, painting a highly complex picture. This has been partially unravelled in recent years thanks to invaluable advances in proteomics techniques. In this Mini-Review, we give a global vision of the determinants of protein degradation rates with the backdrop of the current understanding of proteolytic systems to give a contemporary view of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Correa Marrero
- European
Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10
1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- European
Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10
1SD, United Kingdom
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299
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Nakkas H, Ocal BG, Kipel S, Akcan G, Sahin C, Ardicoglu A, Cayli S. Ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy associated proteins in human testicular tumors. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101513. [PMID: 33677201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome sytem (UPS) and autophagy govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of damaged proteins. Many proteins working in these pathways such as p97/VCP, Ubiquitin (Ub), Jab1/CSN5, p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 are known to be essential for different pathological conditions, especially in cancer, but their expression in human testicular tumors has not been characterized yet. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of UPS (p97/VCP, Ubiquitin, Jab1/CSN5) and autophagic (p62, LC3B, Beclin 1) proteins in human testicular tumors and cancer adjacent normal testicular tissues. We used an immunohistochemical staining technique. 120 cases of testicular germ and non-germ cell tumors, which are 42 seminomas, 31 embryonal carcinomas, 11 yolk sac tumors, 25 intratubular germ cell neoplasms, 6 Leydig cell tumors, 5 Sertoli cell tumors, were collected and evaluated on tissue microarray. For the first time, the expression of p97/VCP, Ub, Jab1/CSN5, p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 in different type of human testicular tumors has been confirmed. We found that p97/VCP, Ub and Jab1/CSN5 were frequently expressed at higher levels in testicular tumours. In contrast to UPS markers, p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 showed significantly diminished expressions in testicular tumors. Accordingly, a negative correlation between p97/VCP and autophagic markers (p62 and LC3B) was found, suggesting a relationship between UPS and autophagy in different type of testicular tumors. The current results displayed elevated level of p97/VCP, Ub and Jab1/CSN5 expressions in contrast to the diminished expression of p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 in human testicular tumors, thereby supporting a correlation between p97/VCP and autophagic markers in testicular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Nakkas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Seyma Kipel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulben Akcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arslan Ardicoglu
- Department of Urology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Cayli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
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300
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Kang JA, Jeon YJ. How Is the Fidelity of Proteins Ensured in Terms of Both Quality and Quantity at the Endoplasmic Reticulum? Mechanistic Insights into E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042078. [PMID: 33669844 PMCID: PMC7923238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an interconnected organelle that plays fundamental roles in the biosynthesis, folding, stabilization, maturation, and trafficking of secretory and transmembrane proteins. It is the largest organelle and critically modulates nearly all aspects of life. Therefore, in the endoplasmic reticulum, an enormous investment of resources, including chaperones and protein folding facilitators, is dedicated to adequate protein maturation and delivery to final destinations. Unfortunately, the folding and assembly of proteins can be quite error-prone, which leads to the generation of misfolded proteins. Notably, protein homeostasis, referred to as proteostasis, is constantly exposed to danger by flows of misfolded proteins and subsequent protein aggregates. To maintain proteostasis, the ER triages and eliminates terminally misfolded proteins by delivering substrates to the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) or to the lysosome, which is termed ER-associated degradation (ERAD) or ER-phagy, respectively. ERAD not only eliminates misfolded or unassembled proteins via protein quality control but also fine-tunes correctly folded proteins via protein quantity control. Intriguingly, the diversity and distinctive nature of E3 ubiquitin ligases determine efficiency, complexity, and specificity of ubiquitination during ERAD. ER-phagy utilizes the core autophagy machinery and eliminates ERAD-resistant misfolded proteins. Here, we conceptually outline not only ubiquitination machinery but also catalytic mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Further, we discuss the mechanistic insights into E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the two guardian pathways in the ER, ERAD and ER-phagy. Finally, we provide the molecular mechanisms by which ERAD and ER-phagy conduct not only protein quality control but also protein quantity control to ensure proteostasis and subsequent organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji An Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence:
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