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Kuhn KG, Nygård KM, Guzman-Herrador B, Sunde LS, Rimhanen-Finne R, Trönnberg L, Jepsen MR, Ruuhela R, Wong WK, Ethelberg S. Campylobacter infections expected to increase due to climate change in Northern Europe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13874. [PMID: 32807810 PMCID: PMC7431569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is predicted to alter precipitation and temperature patterns across the world, affecting a range of infectious diseases and particularly foodborne infections such as Campylobacter. In this study, we used national surveillance data to analyse the relationship between climate and campylobacteriosis in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and estimate the impact of climate changes on future disease patterns. We show that Campylobacter incidences are linked to increases in temperature and especially precipitation in the week before illness, suggesting a non-food transmission route. These four countries may experience a doubling of Campylobacter cases by the end of the 2080s, corresponding to around 6,000 excess cases per year caused only by climate changes. Considering the strong worldwide burden of campylobacteriosis, it is important to assess local and regional impacts of climate change in order to initiate timely public health management and adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Gaardbo Kuhn
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karin Maria Nygård
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernardo Guzman-Herrador
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Selje Sunde
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruska Rimhanen-Finne
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Trönnberg
- Department of Monitoring and Evaluation, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Reija Ruuhela
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wai Kwok Wong
- Department of Hydrology, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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252
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Castleden H, Lin J, Darrach M. The public health emergency of climate change: how/are Canadian post-secondary public health sciences programs responding? Canadian Journal of Public Health 2020; 111:836-844. [PMID: 32761542 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recently issued a statement that the fate of human society and human health is at serious risk of catastrophic impacts unless we take bold action to keep global warming under 1.5 °C. In 2015, the Canadian Public Health Association noted emerging efforts to embrace intersectoral approaches to global change in public health research and practice. In this study, we question the extent to which Canadian Graduate Public Health Sciences Programs have kept pace with these efforts to see climate change surface as a new frontier for training the next generation of researchers and practitioners. METHODS Semi-structured interviews (19) were conducted with Department Heads (or equivalents) of graduate-level Public Health Sciences Programs at 15 Canadian universities concerning the place of climate change in their respective curricula. Interviews were designed to elicit participants' institutional perspectives on the importance of climate change in the Public Health Sciences and identify perceived challenges and opportunities. RESULTS Despite wide recognition among participants that climate change is a public health "crisis", very few reported having substantive curricular engagement on the topic. Key challenges identified were lack of resources, organizational issues, and political barriers. Key opportunities to adapt curricula to address this new frontier in Public Health were faculty interest and expertise, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and pressure from the institution. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence for post-secondary Public Health Sciences Programs to understand the need to address their own sluggishness when what is needed are bold, even radical, shifts to existing curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Lin
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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253
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Sorensen CJ, Salas RN, Rublee C, Hill K, Bartlett ES, Charlton P, Dyamond C, Fockele C, Harper R, Barot S, Calvello-Hynes E, Hess J, Lemery J. Clinical Implications of Climate Change on US Emergency Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities. Ann Emerg Med 2020; 76:168-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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254
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Linares C, Martinez GS, Kendrovski V, Diaz J. A new integrative perspective on early warning systems for health in the context of climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109623. [PMID: 32416361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change causes or aggravates a wide range of exposures with multiple impacts on health, both direct and indirect. Early warning systems have been established to act on the risks posed by these exposures, permitting the timely activation of action plans to minimize health effects. These plans are usually activated individually. Although they show good results from the point of view of minimizing health impacts, such as in the case of high temperature plans, they commonly fail to address the synergies across various climate-related or climate-aggravated exposures. Since several of those exposures tend to occur concurrently, failure to integrate them in prevention efforts could affect their effectiveness and reach. Thus, there is a need to carry out an integrative approach for the multiple effects that climate change has on population health. This article presents a proposal for how these plans should be articulated. The proposed integrated plan would consist of four phases. The first phase, based on early warning systems, would be the activation of different existing individual plans related to the health effects that can be caused by certain circumstances and when possible corrective measures would be implemented. The second phase would attempt to quantify the health impact foreseen by the event in terms of the different health indicators selected. The third phase would be to activate measures to minimize the impact on health, via population alerts and advisories, and additional social and health services, based on the provisions in phase two. Phase four would be related to epidemiological surveillance that permits evaluation of the effects of activating the plan. We believe that this integrative approach should be extended to all of the public health interventions related to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain
| | | | - V Kendrovski
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Diaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain
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255
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Geirinhas JL, Russo A, Libonati R, Trigo RM, Castro LCO, Peres LF, Magalhães MDAFM, Nunes B. Heat-related mortality at the beginning of the twenty-first century in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1319-1332. [PMID: 32314060 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Temperature record-breaking events, such as the observed more intense, longer-lasting, and more frequent heat waves, pose a new global challenge to health sectors worldwide. These threats are of particular interest in low-income regions with limited investments in public health and a growing urban population, such as Brazil. Here, we apply a comprehensive interdisciplinary climate-health approach, including meteorological data and a daily mortality record from the Brazilian Health System from 2000 to 2015, covering 21 cities over the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. The percentage of absolute mortality increase due to summer extreme temperatures is estimated using a negative binomial regression modeling approach and maximum/minimum temperature-derived indexes as covariates. Moreover, this study assesses the vulnerability to thermal stress for different age groups and both genders and thoroughly analyzes four extremely intense heat waves during 2010 and 2012 regarding their impacts on the population. Results showed that the highest absolute mortality values during heat-related events were linked to circulatory illnesses. However, the highest excess of mortality was related to diabetes, particularly for women within the elderly age groups. Moreover, results indicate that accumulated heat stress conditions during consecutive days preferentially preceded by persistent periods of moderate-temperature, lead to higher excess mortality rather than sporadic single hot days. This work may provide directions in human health policies related to extreme climate events in large tropical metropolitan areas from developing countries, contributing to altering the historically based purely reactive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Geirinhas
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Russo
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata Libonati
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M Trigo
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Brazil
| | - Lucas C O Castro
- Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Peres
- Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Brazil
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), 1749-077, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mônica de Avelar F M Magalhães
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
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256
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Yang L, Liu C, Bi P, Vardoulakis S, Huang C. Local actions to health risks of heatwaves and dengue fever under climate change: Strategies and barriers among primary healthcare professionals in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109688. [PMID: 32474308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change and extreme weather poses significant threats to community health, which need to be addressed by local health workforce. This study investigated the perceptions of primary healthcare professionals in Southern China on individual and institutional strategies for actions on health impacts of climate change and the related barriers. METHODS A mixed methodological approach was adopted, involving a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 733 primary healthcare professionals (including medical doctors, nurses, public health practitioners, allied health workers and managers) selected through a multistage cluster randomized sampling strategy, and in-depth interviews of 25 key informants in Guangdong Province, China. The questionnaire survey investigated the perceptions of respondents on the health impacts of climate change and the individual and institutional actions that need to be taken in response to climate change. Multivariate logistic regression models were established to determine sociodemographic factors associated with the perceptions. The interviews tapped into coping strategies and perceived barriers in primary health care to adapt to tackle challenges of climate change. Contents analyses were performed to extract important themes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The majority (64%) of respondents agreed that climate change is happening, but only 53.6% believed in its human causes. Heat waves and infectious diseases were highly recognized as health problems associated with climate change. There was a strong consensus on the need to strengthen individual and institutional capacities in response to health impacts of climate change. The respondents believed that it is important to educate the public, take active efforts to control infectious vectors, and pay increased attention to the health care of vulnerable populations. The lack of funding and limited local workforce capacity is a major barrier for taking actions. Climate change should be integrated into primary health care development through sustainable governmental funding and resource support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianping Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China.
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257
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Selvy M, Bellin M, Slim K, Muret J. Eco-responsibility in the operating theater: An urgent need for organizational transformation. J Visc Surg 2020; 157:301-307. [PMID: 32747304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Factors associating environmental degradation with human health have shown that air pollution is a source of morbi-mortality throughout the world. Unfortunately, hospitals are themselves "silent polluters". As healthcare professionals, we are the guarantors not only of quality of patient care, but also of proper hospital conduct. The aim of this attempt at clarification is to outline what can be done in the operating theater to reduce the environmental impact of the treatments we administer. Our recommendations will go above and beyond regulatory frameworks and draw upon daily practice concerning waste management, energy consumption, utilization of anesthetic agents and multiple forms of waste. A number of French and international pilot experimentations have been carried out and could strongly contribute to the modification of clinical practices with a societal impact, at a time when ecology has become one of the main preoccupations of our fellow citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Selvy
- Digestive surgery department, University hospital center of Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - M Bellin
- Anesthesia department, Hospital center of Douai, 50507 Douai, France
| | - K Slim
- Digestive surgery department, University hospital center of Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Muret
- Anesthesia department, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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258
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Abstract
Climate change poses a serious threat to the health and well-being of Indigenous peoples around the world. Despite living in diverse contexts, Indigenous peoples face a number of common challenges. Disproportionate threats from climate change exist due to a range of factors including unique relationships with the natural environment, socioeconomic deprivation, a greater existing burden of disease, poorer access to and quality of health care, and political marginalization. Responses to climate change at global, national, and local levels also threaten Indigenous people's rights. While climate action presents many opportunities to improve health and reduce inequities, there is also significant potential for climate mitigation and adaptation policies to inflict harm on Indigenous peoples. An important aspect of this is the impact on traditional lands, which are acknowledged as a fundamental determinant of Indigenous health and well-being. This article seeks to elucidate the relationships between climate change and Indigenous health and to inform health promotion solutions to achieve climate justice for Indigenous peoples. The underpinning analysis is founded on a Kaupapa Māori positioning, which seeks transformative change and involves critiquing Western knowledges and structures that undermine Indigenous rights. A central theme is that anthropogenic climate change is intimately connected to the ideologies, systems and practices of colonialism, and that the impacts on Indigenous peoples can be conceptualized as an intensification of the process of colonization. It is not possible to understand and address climate-related health impacts for Indigenous peoples without examining this broader context of colonial oppression, marginalization and dispossession. The challenge for health promotion is to engage in a process of decolonization. This involves deconstructing its own systems and practices to avoid reinforcing colonialism and perpetuating inequities. It also requires health promotion practitioners to support Indigenous self-determination and recognize Indigenous knowledges as a critical foundation for climate change and health solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Jones
- Te Kupenga Hauora Māori (TKHM), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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259
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Lenzen M, Malik A, Li M, Fry J, Weisz H, Pichler PP, Chaves LSM, Capon A, Pencheon D. The environmental footprint of health care: a global assessment. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e271-e279. [PMID: 32681898 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-care services are necessary for sustaining and improving human wellbeing, yet they have an environmental footprint that contributes to environment-related threats to human health. Previous studies have quantified the carbon emissions resulting from health care at a global level. We aimed to provide a global assessment of the wide-ranging environmental impacts of this sector. METHODS In this multiregional input-output analysis, we evaluated the contribution of health-care sectors in driving environmental damage that in turn puts human health at risk. Using a global supply-chain database containing detailed information on health-care sectors, we quantified the direct and indirect supply-chain environmental damage driven by the demand for health care. We focused on seven environmental stressors with known adverse feedback cycles: greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter, air pollutants (nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide), malaria risk, reactive nitrogen in water, and scarce water use. FINDINGS Health care causes global environmental impacts that, depending on which indicator is considered, range between 1% and 5% of total global impacts, and are more than 5% for some national impacts. INTERPRETATION Enhancing health-care expenditure to mitigate negative health effects of environmental damage is often promoted by health-care practitioners. However, global supply chains that feed into the enhanced activity of health-care sectors in turn initiate adverse feedback cycles by increasing the environmental impact of health care, thus counteracting the mission of health care. FUNDING Australian Research Council, National eResearch Collaboration Tools and Resources project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Lenzen
- Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arunima Malik
- Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Accounting, Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mengyu Li
- Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob Fry
- Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Helga Weisz
- Social Metabolism and Impacts, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Cultural History & Theory and Department of Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter-Paul Pichler
- Social Metabolism and Impacts, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Leonardo Suveges Moreira Chaves
- Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony Capon
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pencheon
- Medical and Health School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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260
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Nogueira LM, Yabroff KR, Bernstein A. Climate change and cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2020; 70:239-244. [PMID: 32420634 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Nogueira
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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261
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Herrfahrdt-Pähle E, Schlüter M, Olsson P, Folke C, Gelcich S, Pahl-Wostl C. Sustainability transformations: socio-political shocks as opportunities for governance transitions. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE : HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 2020; 63:102097. [PMID: 32801482 PMCID: PMC7418449 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Faced with accelerating environmental challenges, research on social-ecological systems is increasingly focused on the need for transformative change towards sustainable stewardship of natural resources. This paper analyses the potential of rapid, large-scale socio-political change as a window of opportunity for transformative change of natural resources governance. We hypothesize that shocks at higher levels of social organization may open up opportunities for transformation of social-ecological systems into new pathways of development. However, opportunities need to be carefully navigated otherwise transformations may stall or lead the social-ecological system in undesirable directions. We investigate (i) under which circumstances socio-political change has been used by actors as a window of opportunity for initiating transformation towards sustainable natural resource governance, (ii) how the different levels of the systems (landscape, regime and niche) interact to pave the way for initiating such transformations and (iii) which key features (cognitive, structural and agency-related) get mobilized for transformation. This is achieved through analyzing natural resource governance regimes of countries that have been subject to rapid, large-scale political change: water governance in South Africa and Uzbekistan and governance of coastal fisheries in Chile. In South Africa the political and economic change of the end of the apartheid regime resulted in a transformation of the water governance regime while in Uzbekistan after the breakdown of the Soviet Union change both at the economic and political scales and within the water governance regime remained superficial. In Chile the democratization process after the Pinochet era was used to transform the governance of coastal fisheries. The paper concludes with important insight on key capacities needed to navigate transformation towards biosphere stewardship. The study also contributes to a more nuanced view on the relationship between collapse and renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Schlüter
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Per Olsson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Carl Folke
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gelcich
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability & Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (Musels), Departamento de Ecologia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudia Pahl-Wostl
- Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute of Geography, University of Osnabrück, Germany
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262
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Rauchenwald V, Rollins MD, Ryan SM, Voronov A, Feiner JR, Šarka K, Johnson MS. New Method of Destroying Waste Anesthetic Gases Using Gas-Phase Photochemistry. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:288-297. [PMID: 32543805 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhalation anesthetics are potent greenhouse gases. To reduce the global environmental impact of the health care sector, technologies are sought to limit the release of waste anesthetic gas into the atmosphere. METHODS Using a photochemical exhaust gas destruction system, removal efficiencies for nitrous oxide, desflurane, and sevoflurane were measured at various inlet concentrations (25% and 50%; 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0%; and 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, respectively) with flow rates ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 L/min. To evaluate the economic competitiveness of the anesthetic waste gas destruction system, its price per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent was calculated and compared to other greenhouse gas abatement technologies and current market prices. RESULTS All inhaled anesthetics evaluated demonstrate enhanced removal efficiencies with decreasing flow rates (P < .0001). Depending on the anesthetic and its concentration, the photochemical exhaust gas destruction system exhibits a constant first-order removal rate, k. However, there was not a simple relation between the removal rate k and the species concentration. The costs for removing a ton of carbon dioxide equivalents are <$0.005 for desflurane, <$0.114 for sevoflurane, and <$49 for nitrous oxide. CONCLUSIONS Based on this prototype study, destroying sevoflurane and desflurane with this photochemical anesthetic waste gas destruction system design is efficient and cost-effective. This is likely also true for other halogenated inhalational anesthetics such as isoflurane. Due to differing chemistry of nitrous oxide, modifications of this prototype photochemical reactor system are necessary to improve its removal efficiency for this gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Rauchenwald
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark D Rollins
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Susan M Ryan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - John R Feiner
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Karolis Šarka
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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263
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Anesthesia environmental sustainability programs-a survey of Canadian department chiefs and residency program directors. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:1190-1200. [PMID: 32529472 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anesthesia-related activities contribute to operating room waste impacting climate change. The aim of this study was to ascertain 1) the current existence and scope of department and education programs concerned with anesthesia "green" practice; and 2) perceived barriers to environmental sustainability efforts among Canadian anesthesia department chiefs and residency program directors. METHODS Association of Canadian University Departments of Anesthesia-affiliated anesthesiology department chiefs (n = 113) were invited to complete an online survey ascertaining current efforts in, and barriers to, environmentally sustainable anesthesia practice. Similarly, Canadian anesthesiology residency program directors (n = 17) were invited to complete an online survey delineating current educational programs on environmental sustainability and identifying interest in, and barriers to, developing a Canada-wide curriculum. RESULTS The response rates for department chiefs and program directors were 23% (26/113) and 41% (7/17), respectively. Department chiefs indicated that their departments participate in sustainability efforts such as donating medical equipment (65%) and recycling (58%). Despite interest in environmental sustainability, department chiefs identified inadequate funding (72%), lack of a mandate (64%), and inadequate knowledge (60%) as barriers to implementing environmentally sustainable practices. Only 29% of responding Canadian anesthesiology programs include environmental sustainability in their curriculum. Responding residency program directors believe residents would benefit from more teaching on the topic (86%) but identified barriers including a lack of faculty expertise (100%) and time constraints (71%). Respondents (71%) also indicated an interest in developing a Canadian curriculum on the topic. CONCLUSION Our results highlight current attitudes, gaps, and barriers to environmentally sustainable anesthesiology practice among departmental and educational leadership. Furthermore, this study identifies potential opportunities to develop cross-Canada collaborative educational programs in this field.
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264
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Kalogirou MR, Olson J, Davidson S. Nursing's metaparadigm, climate change and planetary health. Nurs Inq 2020; 27:e12356. [PMID: 32519446 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper offers a theoretical discussion on why the nursing profession has had a delayed response to the issue of climate change. We suggest this delay may have been influenced by the early days of nursing's professionalization. Specifically, we examine nursing's professional mandate, the generally accepted metaparadigm, and the grand theorists' conceptualizations of both the environment and the nurse-environment relationship. We conclude that these works may have encouraged nurses to conceptualize the environment, as well as their relationship with it, mainly in terms of the individual patient, and as such, nurses have not been encouraged to understand these concepts from a broader perspective. By not having the philosophical and theoretical foundations to understand the environment in relation to society, it is not surprising that nurses have had a delayed response to climate change and may not have viewed it as a professional concern. A planetary health perspective is suggested as a theoretical basis for nursing education, research and practice. Taking on a planetary health perspective could help nurses progress the profession and move healthcare systems towards supporting a climate-resilient future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Olson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra Davidson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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McGraw KJ, Chou K, Bridge A, McGraw HC, McGraw PR, Simpson RK. Body condition and poxvirus infection predict circulating glucose levels in a colorful songbird that inhabits urban and rural environments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:561-568. [PMID: 32515908 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is widespread contemporary interest in causes and consequences of blood glucose status in humans (e.g., links to diabetes and cardiovascular disease), but we know comparatively less about what underlies variation in glucose levels of wild animals. Several environmental factors, including diet, disease status, and habitat quality, may regulate glucose circulation, and we are in need of work that assesses many organismal traits simultaneously to understand the plasticity and predictability of glucose levels in ecological and evolutionary contexts. Here, we measured circulating glucose levels in a species of passerine bird (the house finch, Haemorhous mexicanus) that has served as a valuable model for research on sexual selection, disease, and urban behavioral ecology, as these animals display sexually dichromatic ornamental coloration, harbor many infectious diseases (e.g., poxvirus, coccidiosis, mycoplasmal conjunctivitis), and reside in both natural habitats and cities. We tested the effects of sex, habitat type, body condition, coccidiosis and poxvirus infections, and expression of carotenoid plumage coloration on blood glucose concentrations and found that the body condition and poxvirus infection significantly predicted circulating glucose levels. Specifically, birds with higher blood glucose levels had higher body condition scores and were infected with poxvirus. This result is consistent with biomedical, domesticated-animal, and wildlife-rehabilitation findings, and the premise that glucose elevation is a physiological response to or indicator of infection and relative body weight. The fact that we failed to find links between glucose and our other measurements suggests that blood glucose levels can reveal some but not all aspects of organismal or environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J McGraw
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Katherine Chou
- Science and Engineering Experience (SCENE) program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Annika Bridge
- Science and Engineering Experience (SCENE) program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Hannah C McGraw
- Science and Engineering Experience (SCENE) program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Peyton R McGraw
- Science and Engineering Experience (SCENE) program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Richard K Simpson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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266
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Petre MA, Malherbe S. Environmentally sustainable perioperative medicine: simple strategies for anesthetic practice. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:1044-1063. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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267
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A Review of the Relation between Household Indoor Temperature and Health Outcomes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13112881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of research that addresses the relationship between indoor temperatures and health outcomes, taking into consideration studies that focus heat or cold exposure within the household context. It aims to extend previous research by considering both indoor temperatures from existing housing, and empirical studies that focus on energy efficiency measures and subsequent health impacts. To achieve this aim, a literature review was undertaken, combining engineering and health databases. The review established that, overall, inadequate indoor temperatures are associated with poor health status, whereas energy efficiency measures have been associated to improved indoor temperatures and occupant’s health namely regarding cardiovascular, respiratory and mental health disorders. These health conditions are among the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCD). The review also highlighted the need for more empirical studies with an extended timeframe to deal with climate change challenges. It underlined the potential advantages of the convergence between health and energy efficiency studies, for better modelling and planning.
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268
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Aronsson J, Clarke D, Grose J, Richardson J. Student nurses exposed to sustainability education can challenge practice: A cohort study. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:803-811. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Aronsson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Daniel Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Jane Grose
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Janet Richardson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
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269
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Arifwidodo SD, Chandrasiri O. Urban heat stress and human health in Bangkok, Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109398. [PMID: 32203732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has been recognized as one of the consequences of climate change in urban areas. Its adverse effects on the urban population range from economy, social, environment, and human health. With the increasing urbanization and economic development in cities, heat stress is expected to worsen. This particular study aims to achieve two objectives: (1) to understand the determinants of heat stress, especially the roles of the urban environment in exacerbating the heat stress, and (2) to explore the effects of heat stress to human health using self-reported health assessment. We employed a cross-sectional study using a survey questionnaire from 505 respondents living in the urban area of Bangkok, Thailand. We found that socioeconomic conditions of the individual and urban environment were significant determinants of urban heat stress. Low-income urban populations living in high-density areas with less green open space were more likely to experience heat stress. We also found that heat stress significantly affects human health. Those who reported a higher level of heat stress were more likely to have adverse health and well-being outcomes. The findings suggest that the increased risk of heat stress represents a major problem in the Bangkok, Thailand. It is necessary to address heat stress in adaptation policy and measures at the city levels amid the continued increase of global temperature and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit D Arifwidodo
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University, Thailand.
| | - Orana Chandrasiri
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
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270
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Wang Q, Zhao Q, Wang G, Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li N, Zhao Y, Qiao H, Li W, Liu X, Liu L, Wang F, Zhang Y, Guo Y. The association between ambient temperature and clinical visits for inflammation-related diseases in rural areas in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114128. [PMID: 32105966 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between temperature and mortality has been widely reported. However, it remains largely unclear whether inflammation-related diseases, caused by excessive or inappropriate inflammatory reaction, may be affected by ambient temperature, particularly in low-income areas. OBJECTIVES To explore the association between ambient temperature and clinical visits for inflammation-related diseases in rural villages in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, during 2012─2015. METHODS Daily data on inflammation-related diseases and weather conditions were collected from 258 villages in Haiyuan (161 villages) and Yanchi (97 villages) counties during 2012─2015. A Quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between temperature and clinical visits for inflammation-related diseases. Stratified analyses were performed by types of diseases including arthritis, gastroenteritis, and gynecological inflammations. RESULTS During the study period, there were 724,788 and 288,965 clinical visits for inflammation-related diseases in Haiyuan and Yanchi, respectively. Both exposure to low (RR: 2.045, 95% CI: 1.690, 2.474) and high temperatures (RR: 1.244, 95% CI: 1.107, 1.399) were associated with increased risk of total inflammation-related visits in Haiyuan county. Low temperatures were associated with increased risks of all types of inflammation-related diseases in Yanchi county (RR: 4.344, 95% CI: 2.887, 6.535), while high temperatures only affected gastroenteritis (RR: 1.274, 95% CI: 1.040, 1.561). Moderate temperatures explained approximately 26% and 33% of clinical visits due to inflammation-related diseases in Haiyuan and Yanchi, respectively, with the burden attributable to cold exposure higher than hot exposure. The reference temperature values ranged from 17 to 19 in Haiyuan, and 12 to 14 in Yanchi for all types of clinical visits. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add additional evidence for the adverse effect of suboptimal ambient temperature and provide useful information for public health programs targeting people living in rural villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guoqi Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Binxia Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wuping Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Faxuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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271
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Chilton M, Jones S. The Rights of Nature and the Future of Public Health. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:459-460. [PMID: 32159988 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chilton
- Mariana Chilton is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Sonya Jones is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Sonya Jones
- Mariana Chilton is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Sonya Jones is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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Abstract
Hotspots of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) have been identified throughout the globe, of which the Mesoamerican nephropathy in Central America is the most conspicuous example. It affects mainly agricultural workers, heat exposure during extenuating shifts leading to sudden dehydration and subsequent acute kidney injury (AKI) episodes is the main hypothesis, with other factors such as environmental and social determinants playing an underlying role. Recent reports have suggested that Mexico and the United States may have newly identified CKDu hotspots. Studies from Tierra Blanca, a rural region in Mexico, have shown that the prevalence of probable CKD is high (25%) among the population, of which almost half of the identified cases had no known risk factor (such as diabetes or hypertension). Studies in Hispanic agricultural workers from California and Florida have shown that heat stress and dehydration is frequent and is correlated with AKI episodes after a work shift (33% of workers in one shift). Because recurrent AKI is an established risk factor for CKD, these studies strengthen the evidence that suggests an association between this occupational exposure and CKD. Whether the etiology responsible for the entities described is the same as in other CKDu hotspots in the world remains unknown. The development of preventative and intervention strategies is the most urgent priority to address this issue.
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273
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The Impact of Climate Change on Cholera: A Review on the Global Status and Future Challenges. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Water ecosystems can be rather sensitive to evolving or sudden changes in weather parameters. These changes can result in alterations in the natural habitat of pathogens, vectors, and human hosts, as well as in the transmission dynamics and geographic distribution of infectious agents. However, the interaction between climate change and infectious disease is rather complicated and not deeply understood. In this narrative review, we discuss climate-driven changes in the epidemiology of Vibrio species-associated diseases with an emphasis on cholera. Changes in environmental parameters do shape the epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae. Outbreaks of cholera cause significant disease burden, especially in developing countries. Improved sanitation systems, access to clean water, educational strategies, and vaccination campaigns can help control vibriosis. In addition, real-time assessment of climatic parameters with remote-sensing technologies in combination with robust surveillance systems could help detect environmental changes in high-risk areas and result in early public health interventions that can mitigate potential outbreaks.
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274
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Wang X, Tian X, Ye B, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Huang S, Li C, Wu S, Li R, Zou Y, Liao J, Yang J, Ma L. The association between ambient temperature and sperm quality in Wuhan, China. Environ Health 2020; 19:44. [PMID: 32345302 PMCID: PMC7189467 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epidemiological investigations have focused on the influence of environmental temperature on human sperm quality. Here, we evaluated the potential association between ambient temperature and human sperm quality in Wuhan, China, and examined the interactive effect of particulate matter (PM2.5) and temperature. METHODS 1780 males who had been living in Wuhan for no less than three months and received semen analysis at the Department of Reproductive Medicine in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between April 8, 2013 and June 30, 2015 were recruited. Daily mean meteorological data and air pollution data (PM2.5, O3 and NO2) in Wuhan between 2013 and 2015 were collected. A generalized linear model was used to explore the associations between ambient temperature and sperm quality (including sperm concentration, percentage of normal sperm morphology, and progressive motility) at 0-9, 10-14, 15-69, 70-90, and 0-90 days before semen examination, and the interaction between temperature and PM2.5. RESULTS The associations between ambient temperature and sperm quality were an inverted U-shape at five exposure windows, except for a lag of 0-9 days for sperm concentration. A 1 °C increase in ambient temperature above the thresholds was associated with a 2.038 (1.292 ~ 2.783), 1.814 (1.217 ~ 2.411), 1.458 (1.138 ~ 1.777), 0.934(0.617 ~ 1.251) and 1.604 (1.258 ~ 1.951) decrease in the percentage of normal sperm morphology at lag 0-9, lag 10-14, lag 15-69, lag 70-90, and lag 0-90 days, respectively. The interaction p-values of PM2.5 and temperature were mostly less than 0.05 at five exposure windows. When ambient temperature exposure levels were above the thresholds, a 0.979 (0.659-1.299) and 3.559 (0.251 ~ 6.867) decrease in percentage of normal sperm morphology per 1 °C increase in temperature at lag 0-90 days was observed in the PM2.5 ≤ P50 group and PM2.5 > P50 group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that exposure to ambient temperature has a threshold effect on sperm quality, and PM2.5 enhances the effect of temperature on sperm quality when temperatures are above the threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Zhangzhidong Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Xiaojia Tian
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Zhangzhidong Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Shichun Huang
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Cunlu Li
- Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention of the Lianyungang Economic and Technological Development Area, No.28 Tianshan Road, Lianyun District, Lianyungang, 222000 China
| | - Simin Wu
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, General Practice & Primary Care, House 2 Room 303, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, G12 9LX UK
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 8 Donghunan Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Yuliang Zou
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 8 Donghunan Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Jingling Liao
- Department of Public Health, Medical College Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahuxi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Zhangzhidong Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 8 Donghunan Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072 China
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Anwar MN, Fayyaz A, Sohail NF, Khokhar MF, Baqar M, Yasar A, Rasool K, Nazir A, Raja MUF, Rehan M, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Nizami AS. CO 2 utilization: Turning greenhouse gas into fuels and valuable products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110059. [PMID: 32090808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study critically reviews the recent developments and future opportunities pertinent to the conversion of CO2 as a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) to fuels and valuable products. CO2 emissions have reached an alarming level of around 410 ppm and have become the primary driver of global warming and climate change leading to devastating events such as droughts, hurricanes, torrential rains, floods, tornados and wildfires across the world. These events are responsible for thousands of deaths and have adversely affected the economic development of many countries, loss of billions of dollars, across the globe. One of the promising choices to tackle this issue is carbon sequestration by pre- and post-combustion processes and oxyfuel combustion. The captured CO2 can be converted into fuels and valuable products, including methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), and methane (CH4). The efficient use of the sequestered CO2 for the desalinization might be critical in overcoming water scarcity and energy issues in developing countries. Using the sequestered CO2 to produce algae in combination with wastewater, and producing biofuels is among the promising strategies. Many methods, like direct combustion, fermentation, transesterification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion (AD), and gasification, can be used for the conversion of algae into biofuel. Direct air capturing (DAC) is another productive technique for absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and converting it into various useful energy resources like CH4. These methods can effectively tackle the issues of climate change, water security, and energy crises. However, future research is required to make these conversion methods cost-effective and commercially applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Anwar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - A Fayyaz
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N F Sohail
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M F Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Yasar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Nazir
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M U F Raja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Tabatabaei
- Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Karaj, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - A S Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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276
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Sainsbury P, Charlesworth K, Madden L, Capon A, Stewart G, Pencheon D. Climate change is a health issue: what can doctors do? Intern Med J 2020; 49:1044-1048. [PMID: 31387149 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The visit to Australia by Dr David Pencheon, Founding Director of the National Health Service (NHS) Sustainable Development Unit, in April-May 2018 generated considerable interest and engagement. Dr Pencheon's overarching messages were that climate change is a health issue and that doctors and health systems have an opportunity, and responsibility, to lead climate action. This article distils Dr Pencheon's presentations into three themes: (i) carbon accounting; (ii) transformational change in our systems of healthcare; and (iii) a health system fit for the future. For each theme, we highlight promising initiatives that are already underway in Australia that are starting to transform our health system into one fit for a future environmentally sustainable world. We suggest practical ways in which doctors can lead the transformation through personal action and influence broader systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sainsbury
- School of Medicine, Sydney, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Charlesworth
- Primary, Integrated and Community Health, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynne Madden
- Learning and Teaching, School of Medicine, Sydney, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Capon
- Planetary Health Platform, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg Stewart
- Primary, Integrated and Community Health, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Pencheon
- Health and Sustainable Development, Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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277
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Ilango SD, Weaver M, Sheridan P, Schwarz L, Clemesha RES, Bruckner T, Basu R, Gershunov A, Benmarhnia T. Extreme heat episodes and risk of preterm birth in California, 2005-2013. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105541. [PMID: 32059147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Identifying potentially modifiable triggers toward the end of gestation, such as extreme heat, can improve understanding of the role of acute stress on early deliveries and inform warning systems. In this study we examined the association between extreme heat, variously defined during the last week of gestation, and risk of preterm birth among mothers in California. METHODS We created a population-based cohort comprised of 1,967,300 mothers who had live, singleton births in California, from May through September 2005-2013. Daily temperature data estimated at the maternal zip code of residence was used to create 12 definitions of extreme heat with varying relative temperatures (75th, 90th, 95th, and 98th percentiles) and durations (at least 2, 3, or 4 consecutive days). We estimated risk of preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks) in relation to exposure to extreme heat during the last week of gestation with multi-level Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusting for maternal characteristics, sex of neonate, and seasonality. We also included randomly generated data, SAS code, and estimates for reproducibility purposes. RESULTS Approximately 7% of the cohort had a preterm birth. For all definitions of extreme heat, the risk of preterm birth was consistently higher among mothers who experienced an extreme heat episode during their last week of gestation. Hazard ratios ranged from 1.008 (95% CI: 0.997, 1.021) to 1.128 (95% CI: 1.052, 1.210), with increasing associations as the relative temperature and duration of extreme heat episode increased. CONCLUSION This study adds to the previous literature by considering multiple definitions of extreme heat and applying a time-to-event framework. Findings suggest that acute exposure to extreme heat during the last week of gestation may trigger an earlier delivery. Implementing heat warning systems targeted toward pregnant women may improve birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindana D Ilango
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Meschelle Weaver
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paige Sheridan
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lara Schwarz
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rachel E S Clemesha
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tim Bruckner
- Program in Public Health, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rupa Basu
- Office of Environmental Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Gershunov
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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278
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Piel FB, Fecht D, Hodgson S, Blangiardo M, Toledano M, Hansell AL, Elliott P. Small-area methods for investigation of environment and health. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:686-699. [PMID: 32182344 PMCID: PMC7266556 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-area studies offer a powerful epidemiological approach to study disease patterns at the population level and assess health risks posed by environmental pollutants. They involve a public health investigation on a geographical scale (e.g. neighbourhood) with overlay of health, environmental, demographic and potential confounder data. Recent methodological advances, including Bayesian approaches, combined with fast-growing computational capabilities, permit more informative analyses than previously possible, including the incorporation of data at different scales, from satellites to individual-level survey information. Better data availability has widened the scope and utility of small-area studies, but has also led to greater complexity, including choice of optimal study area size and extent, duration of study periods, range of covariates and confounders to be considered and dealing with uncertainty. The availability of data from large, well-phenotyped cohorts such as UK Biobank enables the use of mixed-level study designs and the triangulation of evidence on environmental risks from small-area and individual-level studies, therefore improving causal inference, including use of linked biomarker and -omics data. As a result, there are now improved opportunities to investigate the impacts of environmental risk factors on human health, particularly for the surveillance and prevention of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric B Piel
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Daniela Fecht
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Hodgson
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Blangiardo
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Toledano
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A L Hansell
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Imperial College London, UK
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279
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Lees D, Visentin DC, Cleary M. Climate and Mental Health. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:370-372. [PMID: 31990621 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1710997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lees
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denis C Visentin
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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280
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Rao S, Teixeira S. The Green New Deal: Social Work's Role in Environmental Justice Policy. SOCIAL WORK 2020; 65:197-200. [PMID: 32236449 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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281
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Ashoor S, Sukumaran RK. Mild alkaline pretreatment can achieve high hydrolytic and fermentation efficiencies for rice straw conversion to bioethanol. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:814-819. [PMID: 32204649 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1744007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mild alkaline pretreatment was evaluated as a strategy for effective lignin removal and hydrolysis of rice straw. The pretreatment efficiency of different NaOH concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0% w/w) was assessed. Rice straw (RS) pretreated with 1.5% NaOH achieved better sugar yield compared to other concentrations used. A cellulose conversion efficiency of 91% (45.84 mg/ml glucose release) was attained from 1.5% NaOH pretreated rice straw (PRS), whereas 1% NaOH pretreated rice straw yielded 35.10 mg/ml of glucose corresponding to a cellulose conversion efficiency of 73.81%. The ethanol production from 1% and 1.5% NaOH pretreated RS hydrolysates was similar at ∼3.3% (w/v), corresponding to a fermentation efficiency of 86%. The non-detoxified hydrolysate was fermented using the novel yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae RPP-03O without any additional supplementation of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Ashoor
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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282
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Corcuera Hotz I, Hajat S. The Effects of Temperature on Accident and Emergency Department Attendances in London: A Time-Series Regression Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1957. [PMID: 32192045 PMCID: PMC7142952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological research relating mortality and hospital admissions to ambient temperature is well established. However, less is known about the effect temperature has on Accident and Emergency (A&E) department attendances. Time-series regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature for a range of cause- and age-specific attendances in Greater London (LD) between 2007 to 2012. A seasonally adjusted Poisson regression model was used to estimate the percent change in daily attendances per 1 °C increase in temperature. The risk of overall attendance increased by 1.0% (95% CI 0.8, 1.4) for all ages and 1.4% (1.2, 1.5) among 0- to 15-year-olds. A smaller but significant increase in risk was found for cardiac, respiratory, cerebrovascular and psychiatric presentations. Importantly, for fracture-related attendances, the risk rose by 1.1% (0.7, 1.5) per 1 °C increase in temperature above the identified temperature threshold of 16 °C, with the highest increase of 2.1% (1.5, 3.0) seen among 0- to 15-year-olds. There is a positive association between increasing temperatures and A&E department attendance, with the risk appearing highest in children and the most deprived areas. A&E departments are vulnerable to increased demand during hot weather and therefore need to be adequately prepared to address associated health risks posed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Corcuera Hotz
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Shakoor Hajat
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK;
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283
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Abstract
Global public health has several persistent challenges that require partnerships to properly solve. A global institution with the resources and influence of the Catholic Church, even though its health-related efforts have traditionally focused on the provision of direct medical care, could be a more valuable partner for global public health than it traditionally has been. The challenges are not technical in nature, but are conceptual ones that prevent global public health from achieving its full potential. For example, the intellectual resources of the Church could help cultivate a sense of vocation among public health professionals, similar to the awareness of vocation enjoyed in healing professions. Additionally, the social teaching of the Church, particularly the preferential option for the poor, could help shift the enduring issue that global resources often flow where they are least needed. Further, dignity and solidarity could provide the conceptual grounding needed to invest more energy in capacity building in low-resource settings. Such efforts also require conversion within the Church itself, suggesting that deeper partnership could benefit both the Church and global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rozier
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice, St. Louis, MO, US
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284
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Linares C, Díaz J, Negev M, Martínez GS, Debono R, Paz S. Impacts of climate change on the public health of the Mediterranean Basin population - Current situation, projections, preparedness and adaptation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109107. [PMID: 32069750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Basin is undergoing a warming trend with longer and warmer summers, an increase in the frequency and the severity of heat waves, changes in precipitation patterns and a reduction in rainfall amounts. In this unique populated region, which is characterized by significant gaps in the socio-economic levels particularly between the North (Europe) and South (Africa), parallel with population growth and migration, increased water demand and forest fires risk - the vulnerability of the Mediterranean population to human health risks increases significantly. Indeed, climatic changes impact the health of the Mediterranean population directly through extreme heat, drought or storms, or indirectly by changes in water availability, food provision and quality, air pollution and other stressors. The main health effects are related to extreme weather events (including extreme temperatures and floods), changes in the distribution of climate-sensitive diseases and changes in environmental and social conditions. The poorer countries, particularly in North Africa and the Levant, are at highest risk. Climate change affects the vulnerable sectors of the region, including an increasingly older population, with a larger percentage of those with chronic diseases, as well as poor people, which are therefore more susceptible to the effects of extreme temperatures. For those populations, a better surveillance and control systems are especially needed. In view of the climatic projections and the vulnerability of Mediterranean countries, climate change mitigation and adaptation become ever more imperative. It is important that prevention Health Action Plans will be implemented, particularly in those countries that currently have no prevention plans. Most adaptation measures are "win-win situation" from a health perspective, including reducing air pollution or providing shading solutions. Additionally, Mediterranean countries need to enhance cross-border collaboration, as adaptation to many of the health risks requires collaboration across borders and also across the different parts of the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health. Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Díaz
- National School of Public Health. Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maya Negev
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Shlomit Paz
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Israel.
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285
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Walker RK, Pereira-Morales S, Kerr R, Schenk E. Climate Change Should Be on Every Nursing Research Agenda. Oncol Nurs Forum 2020; 47:135-144. [PMID: 32078610 DOI: 10.1188/20.onf.135-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human-caused climate change is a global emergency, and its harms are predicted to increase exponentially in the coming years, particularly if unsustainable practices continue unmitigated. Adverse effects of climate change on communities affected by or at risk for cancer, such as frail older adults, are already measurable and deadly. If nurse scientists continue to ignore these realities, more people are likely to suffer and die as a result. The purpose of this critical reflection is to discuss the vital necessity of including climate change in the research agenda of the Oncology Nursing Society and all nursing science. Using an approach grounded in critical theory and design justice, the authors provide specific suggestions for the incorporation of scientific considerations and nursing measures related to climate change into oncology nursing science.
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286
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Hu Y, Xu Z, Jiang F, Li S, Liu S, Wu M, Yan C, Tan J, Yu G, Hu Y, Yin Y, Tong S. Relative impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants on childhood allergic diseases in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135975. [PMID: 31841850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-optimal weather conditions and air pollution pose a significant threat to children's health. However, the relative impact of different environmental exposures on childhood allergic diseases remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to quantify the relative impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants on childhood allergic diseases in Shanghai, China. METHODS Data on clinical visits due to childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) from 2007 to 2017 in Shanghai were collected from Shanghai Children's Medical Center and Xinhua Hospital. The meteorological data (i.e. daily mean temperature, temperature difference, air pressure, air pressure difference, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine and wind speed) for the same period were obtained from the Shanghai Meteorological Center. Air pollution data (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and O3) were provided by the Shanghai Environmental Protection Agency. Quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear models and Poisson regression combined with generalized linear models were used to assess the relative impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants on childhood allergic diseases. RESULTS There were a total of 2,410,392 cases of childhood allergic diseases, including 975,771 asthma, 646,975 AR and 787,646 AD. Most of environmental factors were significantly associated with childhood allergic diseases. Daily mean temperature (standard β: -0.076 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.086, -0.067)) and air pressure (standard β: 0.075 (95% CI: 0.068, 0.082)) seemed to play more important roles than other environmental factors in the occurrence of these allergic diseases. The numbers of these allergic diseases attributable to an interquartile range (IQR) change in meteorological factors also appeared to be greater than those attributable to an IQR change in air pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Both climatic variation and air pollution were associated with childhood allergic diseases, but the former appeared to play a more important role in the occurrence of these diseases. These findings may have significant implications for the development of tailored strategies to prevent these rapidly-increasing diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Hu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijian Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqin Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environmental and Child Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environmental and Child Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guangjun Yu
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shilu Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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287
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Di Marco M, Baker ML, Daszak P, De Barro P, Eskew EA, Godde CM, Harwood TD, Herrero M, Hoskins AJ, Johnson E, Karesh WB, Machalaba C, Garcia JN, Paini D, Pirzl R, Smith MS, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Ferrier S. Opinion: Sustainable development must account for pandemic risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3888-3892. [PMID: 32060123 PMCID: PMC7049118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001655117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moreno Di Marco
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Land and Water, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle L Baker
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | | | - Paul De Barro
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Cecile M Godde
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Tom D Harwood
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mario Herrero
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoskins
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Erica Johnson
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001
- Global Health Security Agenda Consortium Steering Committee, Washington, DC 20201
- World Animal Health Organisation Working Group on Wildlife, Paris 75017, France
| | - Catherine Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001
- Global Health Security Agenda Consortium Steering Committee, Washington, DC 20201
| | | | - Dean Paini
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pirzl
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mark Stafford Smith
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Simon Ferrier
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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288
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Wickersham RH, Zaval L, Pachana NA, Smyer MA. The impact of place and legacy framing on climate action: A lifespan approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228963. [PMID: 32097411 PMCID: PMC7041806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several decades of research on more effectively communicating climate change to the general public, there is only limited knowledge about how older adults engage with an issue that will shape and define future generations. We focus on two key factors that may motivate younger and older adults to engage in climate change action, legacy concern and place attachment, and assess whether older adults differ in any appreciable way from the general population in this domain. We randomly exposed participants of different ages to either a Legacy, Place, or control writing induction task before they completed various self-report measures. Both induction conditions were associated with significantly greater pro-environmental behavioral intentions and donations for all age groups when compared to the control condition. Legacy motivation and biophilia were used as manipulation checks and found to partially mediate these effects. Findings suggest that legacy and place message framing may be useful in prompting adults of all ages to take action to help combat climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Wickersham
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lisa Zaval
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael A. Smyer
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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289
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Wandschneider L, Namer Y, Razum O. Public health scientists in the crosshairs. Science 2020; 367:861-862. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wandschneider
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Yudit Namer
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Oliver Razum
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
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290
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Hanley F, Jakubec SL. Beyond the Slogans: Understanding the Ecological Consciousness of Nurses to Advance Ecological Knowledge and Practice. Creat Nurs 2020; 25:232-240. [PMID: 31427419 DOI: 10.1891/1078-4535.25.3.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite unprecedented global environmental changes with widespread health effects, and rapid advances in nursing knowledge and education, the concept of environment within the discipline remains restricted. Environmental health continues to be marginalized in nursing education and practice, with nurses struggling to get beyond the slogans to arrive at practical applications. Framed by ecohealth and radical ecopsychology theory (concerned with nature connection, individual wellness, and social/earth justice), this study employed an online survey (n = 40) with thematic content analysis. The study explored factors that influenced eco-consciousness, how it affected nursing work, and how it was integrated into practice The 40 participants from 3 Canadian provinces included 32 nurses employed in education and clinical practice and 8 student nurses. Three main themes emerged: awakening consciousness, challenges in the discipline and profession, and finding opportunities. In particular, the students expressed a need for early integration of environmental health teaching into curriculum. Results illustrate an ongoing knowledge-practice gap and highlight the frustration and dismay of nurses whose efforts remain marginalized. Motivations and opportunities for nurses to undertake an expanded role in adopting environmental health as central to the discipline and practice of nursing can and must be more intently harnessed. As curricular approaches are expanded, further inquiry is proposed into the role of both early experiences and nursing education to transform the response to the ecological crises of our times.
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291
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Schwerdtle PN, Maxwell J, Horton G, Bonnamy J. '12 tips for teaching environmental sustainability to health professionals'. MEDICAL TEACHER 2020; 42:150-155. [PMID: 30676137 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2018.1551994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: As recognition of the health impacts of climate change and other environmental challenges increases, so too does the need for health care professionals to practice healthcare sustainably. Environmental sustainability in healthcare extends beyond our traditional understanding of environmental health, which is often limited to environmental hazards and disease. Health services, professional organizations, and training institutions are increasingly forming climate and sustainability position statements and policies accordingly. To prepare future health professionals for global environmental change, environmental sustainability must be meaningfully integrated into health curricula.Aim: To provide educators with 12 tips for integrating environmental sustainability into health professional education.Methods: The authors reviewed the literature relating to climate change, environmental sustainability and health, and health professional education. By combining findings from this search with reflections on their own experience in clinical and public health teaching across nursing and midwifery, paramedicine, medicine, and public health, the authors developed recommendations for integrating environmental sustainability into health professional education.Results: These 12 tips can be used to teach students and qualified health professionals in nursing, allied health, and medicine to practice healthcare in an environmentally sustainable manner.Conclusions: Empowering health professionals to practice environmentally sustainable healthcare has economic, social, health, and environmental benefits. Teaching environmental sustainability to health professionals enhances existing learning by updating curricula with the latest evidence of how environmental determinants of health are rapidly changing and enables both educators and students to make an important contribution to safeguarding human health, the environment, and healthcare for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janie Maxwell
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme Horton
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - James Bonnamy
- Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Australia
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292
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Sankaran R, Parra Cruz RA, Pakalapati H, Show PL, Ling TC, Chen WH, Tao Y. Recent advances in the pretreatment of microalgal and lignocellulosic biomass: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122476. [PMID: 31810736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal and lignocellulosic biomass is the most sumptuous renewable bioresource raw material existing on earth. Recently, the bioconversion of biomass into biofuels have received significant attention replacing fossil fuels. Pretreatment of biomass is a critical process in the conversion due to the nature and structure of the biomass cell wall that is complex. Although green technologies for biofuel production are advancing, the productivity and yield from these techniques are low. Over the past years, various pretreatment techniques have been developed and successfully employed to improve the technology. This paper presents an in-depth review of the recent advancement of pretreatment methods focusing on microalgal and lignocellulosic biomass. The technological approaches involving physical, chemical, biological and other latest pretreatment methods are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sankaran
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ricardo Andres Parra Cruz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Harshini Pakalapati
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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293
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Haque MR, Parr N, Muhidin S. The effects of household's climate-related displacement on delivery and postnatal care service utilization in rural Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 2020; 247:112819. [PMID: 32018115 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to extreme climate events causes population displacement and adversely affects the health of mothers and children in multiple ways. This paper investigates the effects of displacement on whether a child is delivered at a health center, as opposed to at home, and on postnatal care service utilization in Bangladesh. Using cross-sectional survey data from 599 mothers who gave birth in the three years prior to the date of interview, including 278 from households which had previously been displaced and 231 from households which had not been displaced, we use multivariate logistic regression to identify the factors associated with maternal healthcare service utilization. The results show that displaced households' mothers are only about a quarter as likely to deliver at a health center as mothers from non-displaced households. The use of health center-based delivery decreases as the numbers of past displacements increases. Higher number of previous children, lower use of antenatal care during pregnancy, lower household income, and lack of access to radio/television also significantly reduce a mother's likelihood of delivery at a health center. Displaced mothers are also substantially less likely to use postnatal care services for their neonates, especially those supplied by trained providers. Use of health facilities for delivery, use of antenatal care services, and previous number of children are other important predictors of postnatal care service utilization for neonates. In light of these findings, relocation of local health facilities with basic and emergency care provisions to areas in which the displaced have resettled, reinforcement of Family Planning services, and extension of coverage of the Maternity Allowance benefits in the displacement-prone mainland riverine areas are recommended policy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Haque
- Department of Management, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Department of Population Sciences, Faculty of Social Science, Arts Building, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Nick Parr
- Department of Management, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Salut Muhidin
- Department of Management, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
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294
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Revisiting the Psychology of Denial Concerning Low-Carbon Behaviors: From Moral Disengagement to Generating Social Change. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12030935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reassesses the scope for shifting high-carbon personal behaviors in the light of prevailing insufficient political and regulatory action. Our previous research has shown that citizens regard such behavioral shifts as extremely daunting and create a number of psychological denial mechanisms that draw attention to the inaction of others, including governments. Further theoretical insights and relevant new findings have been attained from a more recent survey of more than 1000 German residents. This reveals that direct denial of anthropogenic climate change is replaced by a denial of responsibility for individual climate action. Ways of moral disengagement play a more dominant role, such as the diffusion and displacement of responsibility, although a majority is aware of—and very much concerned about—the climate crisis. More attention needs to be given for further reinterpretation of the role of moral disengagement to single out adequate strategies for different individuals and groups of people, such as making role models more visible to encourage social learning that could accelerate further necessary moral and behavioral transformations.
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295
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Coates SJ, Enbiale W, Davis MDP, Andersen LK. The effects of climate change on human health in Africa, a dermatologic perspective: a report from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Committee. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:265-278. [PMID: 31970754 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Throughout much of the African continent, healthcare systems are already strained in their efforts to meet the needs of a growing population using limited resources. Climate change threatens to undermine many of the public health gains that have been made in this region in the last several decades via multiple mechanisms, including malnutrition secondary to drought-induced food insecurity, mass human displacement from newly uninhabitable areas, exacerbation of environmentally sensitive chronic diseases, and enhanced viability of pathogenic microbes and their vectors. We reviewed the literature describing the various direct and indirect effects of climate change on diseases with cutaneous manifestations in Africa. We included non-communicable diseases such as malignancies (non-melanoma skin cancers), inflammatory dermatoses (i.e. photosensitive dermatoses, atopic dermatitis), and trauma (skin injury), as well as communicable diseases and neglected tropical diseases. Physicians should be aware of the ways in which climate change threatens human health in low- and middle-income countries in general, and particularly in countries throughout Africa, the world's lowest-income and second most populous continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Coates
- Department of Dermatology, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark D P Davis
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Louise K Andersen
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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296
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Anderko L, Chalupka S, Du M, Hauptman M. Climate changes reproductive and children's health: a review of risks, exposures, and impacts. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:414-419. [PMID: 31731287 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our climate has significantly changed, exceeding what the world has experienced over the last 650,000 years, and has been cited as the most significant health threat of the twenty-first century. Climate change is impacting health in unprecedented ways. While everyone is vulnerable to the health impacts associated with climate change, children are disproportionately affected because of their physical and cognitive immaturity. Climate change impacts that include rising temperatures, extreme weather, rising sea levels, and increasing carbon dioxide levels are associated with a wide range of health issues in children such as asthma, allergies, vector-borne diseases, malnutrition, low birth weight, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Pediatric health providers play a critical role in advancing the science and translating findings to improve public understanding about the link between climate changes and children's health, and establishing strategies to address these issues. This review will provide an overview of research exploring the impact of climate change on children's health impacts, as well as provide recommendations for pediatric research moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Anderko
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, Mid-Atlantic Center for Children's Health and the Environment, School of Nursing & Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Stephanie Chalupka
- Department of Nursing, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, USA.,Mid-Atlantic Center for Children's Health and the Environment, School of Nursing & Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maritha Du
- Environmental Studies Program, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.,New England Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Boston, MA, USA.,Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marissa Hauptman
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,New England Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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297
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ELLWANGER JOELHENRIQUE, KULMANN-LEAL BRUNA, KAMINSKI VALÉRIAL, VALVERDE-VILLEGAS JACQUELINEMARÍA, VEIGA ANABEATRIZGDA, SPILKI FERNANDOR, FEARNSIDE PHILIPM, CAESAR LÍLIAN, GIATTI LEANDROLUIZ, WALLAU GABRIELL, ALMEIDA SABRINAE, BORBA MAUROR, HORA VANUSAPDA, CHIES JOSÉARTURB. Beyond diversity loss and climate change: Impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92:e20191375. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - LÍLIAN CAESAR
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Brazil
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298
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Jmaiel M, Mokhtari M, Abdulrazak B, Aloulou H, Kallel S. The PULSE Project: A Case of Use of Big Data Uses Toward a Cohomprensive Health Vision of City Well Being. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7313275 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51517-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the silent effects sometimes hidden to the major audience, air pollution is becoming one of the most impactful threat to global health. Cities are the places where deaths due to air pollution are concentrated most. In order to correctly address intervention and prevention thus is essential to assest the risk and the impacts of air pollution spatially and temporally inside the urban spaces. PULSE aims to design and build a large-scale data management system enabling real time analytics of health, behaviour and environmental data on air quality. The objective is to reduce the environmental and behavioral risk of chronic disease incidence to allow timely and evidence-driven management of epidemiological episodes linked in particular to two pathologies; asthma and type 2 diabetes in adult populations. developing a policy-making across the domains of health, environment, transport, planning in the PULSE test bed cities.
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299
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Lin Y, Zhou S, Liu H, Cui Z, Hou F, Feng S, Zhang Y, Liu H, Lu C, Yu P. Risk Analysis of Air Pollution and Meteorological Factors Affecting the Incidence of Diabetes in the Elderly Population in Northern China. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3673980. [PMID: 33134393 PMCID: PMC7593725 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3673980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research investigating the effect of air pollution on diabetes incidence is mostly conducted in Europe and the United States and often produces conflicting results. The link between meteorological factors and diabetes incidence remains to be explored. We aimed to explore associations between air pollution and diabetes incidence and to estimate the nonlinear and lag effects of meteorological factors on diabetes incidence. METHODS Our study included 19,000 people aged ≥60 years from the Binhai New District without diabetes at baseline. The generalized additive model (GAM) and the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) were used to explore the effect of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the incidence of diabetes. In the model combining the GAM and DLNM, the impact of each factor (delayed by 30 days) was first observed separately to select statistically significant factors, which were then incorporated into the final multivariate model. The association between air pollution and the incidence of diabetes was assessed in subgroups based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS We found that cumulative RRs for diabetes incidence were 1.026 (1.011-1.040), 1.019 (1.012-1.026), and 1.051 (1.019-1.083) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, respectively, as well as 1.156 (1.058-1.264) per 1 mg/m3 increase in CO in a single-pollutant model. Increased temperature, excessive humidity or dryness, and shortened sunshine duration were positively correlated with the incidence of diabetes in single-factor models. After adjusting for temperature, humidity, and sunshine, the risk of diabetes increased by 9.2% (95% confidence interval (CI):2.1%-16.8%) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. We also found that women, the elderly (≥75 years), and obese subjects were more susceptible to the effect of PM2.5. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that PM2.5 is positively correlated with the incidence of diabetes in the elderly, and the relationship between various meteorological factors and diabetes in the elderly is nonlinear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Saijun Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhuang Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Hou
- Community Health Service Center, Jiefang Road, Tanggu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yourui Zhang
- Community Health Service Center, Jiefang Road, Tanggu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Community Health Service Center, Jiefang Road, Tanggu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlan Lu
- Community Health Service Center, Jiefang Road, Tanggu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
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300
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health and climate change are inexorably linked through the exacerbation of health risks and the contribution of the health sector to greenhouse gas emissions. Climate action in healthcare settings is critical to reduce risks and impacts of climate change through the smarter use of energy, minimising waste and enhancing disaster preparedness. Globally, hospital climate action is growing; however, the potential for further progress and impacts remains. The literature on this topic lacks synthesis, and this poses challenges for hospital leadership in tracking the impact of climate action. This scoping review will summarise the current knowledge about hospital climate action and existing tools to measure progress in this area. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will be conducted applying the six-stage protocol proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. The study includes literature of how hospitals have addressed climate change (mitigation and adaptation) since the Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997. All identified studies indexed in Medline, Scopus, Embase and CINAHL will be examined. The search strategy will also include Google Scholar to capture relevant grey literature. Quantitative and thematic analysis will be used to evaluate and categorise the study results. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This scoping review is part of the climate-smart healthcare initiative which will provide a valuable synthesis to aid understanding of hospitals' climate actions, and tools used to measure its implementation. As such it will contribute to mobilising and accelerating the implementation of climate action in hospitals. The findings will be disseminated with all members of the International Health Promoting Hospital and Health Services (HPH) and the Global Green and Healthy Hospital network. Dissemination will occur through peer-reviewed publications; and with the HPH and GGHH members through its annual conference and newsletter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Cai Ru Gan
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicola Banwell
- Cooperation and Development, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
| | | | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ying Wei Wang
- Health Promotion Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
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