251
|
Yang H, Gao XJ, Li YJ, Su JB, E TZ, Zhang X, Ni W, Gu YX. Minocycline reduces intracerebral hemorrhage-induced white matter injury in piglets. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1195-1206. [PMID: 31556245 PMCID: PMC6776747 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims White matter (WM) injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in poor or even fatal outcomes. As an anti‐inflammatory drug, minocycline has been considered a promising choice to treat brain injury after ICH. However, whether minocycline can reduce WM injury after ICH is still controversial. In the present study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of minocycline on WM injury after ICH. Methods An ICH model was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. First, transcriptional analysis was performed at day 1 or 3 to investigate the dynamic changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression in WM after ICH. Second, ICH piglets were treated either with minocycline or with vehicle alone. All piglets then underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain swelling. Brain tissue was used for real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and electron microscopy. Results Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is associated with microglia/macrophage‐mediated inflammation activation after ICH and is then involved in WM injury after ICH in piglets. Minocycline treatment results in less ICH‐induced brain swelling, fewer neurological deficits, and less WM injury in comparison with the vehicle alone. In addition, minocycline reduces microglial activation and alleviates demyelination in white matter after ICH. Finally, we found that minocycline attenuates WM injury by increasing the expression of TGF‐β and suppressing MAPK activation after ICH. Conclusion These results indicate that TGF‐β–mediated MAPK signaling contributes to WM injury after ICH, which can be altered by minocycline treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Jie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Zhou E
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Adaptor protein CrkII negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and function through JNK phosphorylation. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 31554784 PMCID: PMC6802640 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein CrkII is involved in several biological activities, including mitogenesis, phagocytosis, and cytoskeleton reorganization. Previously, we demonstrated that CrkII plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation and function through Rac1 activation both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether CrkII also regulates the differentiation and function of another type of bone cells, osteoblasts. Overexpression of CrkII in primary osteoblasts inhibited bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2-induced osteoblast differentiation and function, whereas knockdown of CrkII expression exerted the opposite effect. Importantly, CrkII strongly enhanced c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and the CrkII overexpression-mediated attenuation of osteoblast differentiation and function was recovered by JNK inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, transgenic mice overexpressing CrkII under control of the alpha-1 type I collagen promoter exhibited a reduced bone mass phenotype. Together, these results indicate that CrkII negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and function through JNK phosphorylation. Given that CrkII acts as a negative and positive regulator of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, respectively, the regulation of CrkII expression in bone cells may help to develop new strategies to enhance bone formation and inhibit bone resorption.
Collapse
|
253
|
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which can lead to organ dysfunction, morbidity, and death. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and there are currently no therapies that can prevent or reverse fibrosis. Metabolic alterations are increasingly recognized as an important pathogenic process that underlies fibrosis across many organ types. As a result, metabolically targeted therapies could become important strategies for fibrosis reduction. Indeed, some of the pathways targeted by antifibrotic drugs in development - such as the activation of transforming growth factor-β and the deposition of extracellular matrix - have metabolic implications. This Review summarizes the evidence to date and describes novel opportunities for the discovery and development of drugs for metabolic reprogramming, their associated challenges, and their utility in reducing fibrosis. Fibrotic therapies are potentially relevant to numerous common diseases such as cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic renal disease, heart failure, diabetes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and scleroderma.
Collapse
|
254
|
Dituri F, Cossu C, Mancarella S, Giannelli G. The Interactivity between TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1130. [PMID: 31547567 PMCID: PMC6829314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathways intersect at multiple signaling hubs and cooperatively or counteractively participate to bring about cellular processes which are critical not only for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during development, but also for adult tissue homeostasis. The proper functioning of the TGFβ/BMP pathway depends on its communication with other signaling pathways and any deregulation leads to developmental defects or diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. In this review we explore the cellular and physio-pathological contexts in which the synergism or antagonism between the TGFβ and BMP pathways are crucial determinants for the normal developmental processes, as well as the progression of fibrosis and malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carla Cossu
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Oh JH, Ahn BN, Karadeniz F, Kim JA, Lee JI, Seo Y, Kong CS. Phlorofucofuroeckol A from Edible Brown Alga Ecklonia Cava Enhances Osteoblastogenesis in Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E543. [PMID: 31546680 PMCID: PMC6836260 DOI: 10.3390/md17100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of bone formation is a leading cause of age-related bone disorders. Lack of bone formation is induced by decreased osteoblastogenesis. In this study, osteoblastogenesis promoting effects of algal phlorotannin, phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFF-A), were evaluated. PFF-A was isolated from brown alga Ecklonia cava. The ability of PFF-A to enhance osteoblast differentiation was observed in murine pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (huBM-MSCs). Proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts during differentiation was assayed following PFF-A treatment along extracellular mineralization. In addition, effect of PFF-A on osteoblast maturation pathways such as Runx2 and Smads was analyzed. Treatment of PFF-A was able to enhance the proliferation of differentiating osteoblasts. Also, ALP activity was observed to be increased. Osteoblasts showed increased extracellular mineralization, observed by Alizarin Red staining, following PFF-A treatment. In addition, expression levels of critical proteins in osteoblastogenesis such as ALP, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin and β-catenin were stimulated after the introduction of PFF-A. In conclusion, PFF-A was suggested to be a potential natural product with osteoblastogenesis enhancing effects which can be utilized against bone-remodeling imbalances and osteoporosis-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Byul-Nim Ahn
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Jung Im Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea.
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea.
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
256
|
Gene networks that compensate for crosstalk with crosstalk. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4028. [PMID: 31492904 PMCID: PMC6731275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk is a major challenge to engineering sophisticated synthetic gene networks. A common approach is to insulate signal-transduction pathways by minimizing molecular-level crosstalk between endogenous and synthetic genetic components, but this strategy can be difficult to apply in the context of complex, natural gene networks and unknown interactions. Here, we show that synthetic gene networks can be engineered to compensate for crosstalk by integrating pathway signals, rather than by pathway insulation. We demonstrate this principle using reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive gene circuits in Escherichia coli that exhibit concentration-dependent crosstalk with non-cognate ROS. We quantitatively map the degree of crosstalk and design gene circuits that introduce compensatory crosstalk at the gene network level. The resulting gene network exhibits reduced crosstalk in the sensing of the two different ROS. Our results suggest that simple network motifs that compensate for pathway crosstalk can be used by biological networks to accurately interpret environmental signals. Crosstalk between genetic circuits is a major challenge for engineering sophisticated networks. Here the authors design networks that compensate for crosstalk by integrating, not insulating, pathways.
Collapse
|
257
|
Abbaszadegan MR, Keyvani V, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular bases of esophageal Cancer among Iranians: an update. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:97. [PMID: 31470870 PMCID: PMC6717340 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths among the Iranians. There is still a high ratio of mortality and low 5 years survival which are related to the late onset and diagnosis. Majority of patients refer for the treatment in advanced stages of tumor progression. Main body It is required to define an efficient local panel of diagnostic and prognostic markers for the Iranians. Indeed such efficient specific panel of markers will pave the way to decrease the mortality rate and increase the 5 years survival among the Iranian patients via the early diagnosis and targeted therapy. Conclusion in present review we have reported all of the molecular markers in different signaling pathways and cellular processes which have been assessed among the Iranian esophageal cancer patients until now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
258
|
Chen J, Gingold JA, Su X. Immunomodulatory TGF-β Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:1010-1023. [PMID: 31353124 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an inflammation-induced and chemotherapy-resistant cancer. Dysregulated signaling in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway plays a central role in inflammation, fibrogenesis, and immunomodulation in the HCC microenvironment. This review dissects the genetic landscape of the TGF-β superfamily genes in HCC and discusses the essential effects of this pathway on the tumor immune microenvironment. We highlight the TGF-β signature as a potential biomarker for identifying individualized immunotherapeutic approaches in HCC. An improved understanding of the detailed mechanisms of liver cancer immunogenicity and the specific role of TGF-β in mediating immunotherapy resistance in HCC will provide important insights into HCC immune escape and promote the development of biomarker-derived combination immunotherapies for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Julian A Gingold
- Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
The TGFβ type I receptor TGFβRI functions as an inhibitor of BMP signaling in cartilage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15570-15579. [PMID: 31311865 PMCID: PMC6681752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902927116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The TGFβ signaling pathway is activated when TGFβ ligands induce formation of TGFβRI and TGFβRII receptor complexes. However, loss of TGFβRI in mouse cartilage led to more severe defects than did loss of TGFβRII. Most of the defects were rescued by deletion of the BMP receptor ACVRL1, suggesting that a major role of TGFβRI in cartilage development is to suppress BMP signaling by ACVRL1. TGFβRI prevents the formation of ACVRL1/ACTRIIB complexes, which have high affinity for BMP9, the most abundant BMP in circulation. These results demonstrate a form of cross talk between BMP and TGFβ signaling pathways in cartilage that may also operate in other tissues where the relative output of these 2 pathways is required. The type I TGFβ receptor TGFβRI (encoded by Tgfbr1) was ablated in cartilage. The resulting Tgfbr1Col2 mice exhibited lethal chondrodysplasia. Similar defects were not seen in mice lacking the type II TGFβ receptor or SMADs 2 and 3, the intracellular mediators of canonical TGFβ signaling. However, we detected elevated BMP activity in Tgfbr1Col2 mice. As previous studies showed that TGFβRI can physically interact with ACVRL1, a type I BMP receptor, we generated cartilage-specific Acvrl1 (Acvrl1Col2) and Acvrl1/Tgfbr1 (Acvrl1/Tgfbr1Col2) knockouts. Loss of ACVRL1 alone had no effect, but Acvrl1/Tgfbr1Col2 mice exhibited a striking reversal of the chondrodysplasia seen in Tgfbr1Col2 mice. Loss of TGFβRI led to a redistribution of the type II receptor ACTRIIB into ACVRL1/ACTRIIB complexes, which have high affinity for BMP9. Although BMP9 is not produced in cartilage, we detected BMP9 in the growth plate, most likely derived from the circulation. These findings demonstrate that the major function of TGFβRI in cartilage is not to transduce TGFβ signaling, but rather to antagonize BMP signaling mediated by ACVRL1.
Collapse
|
260
|
Wen J, Lin X, Gao W, Qu B, Zuo Y, Liu R, Yu M. Inhibition of LPA1 Signaling Impedes Conversion of Human Tenon's Fibroblasts into Myofibroblasts Via Suppressing TGF-β/Smad2/3 Signaling. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 35:331-340. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
261
|
Olver TD, Edwards JC, Jurrissen TJ, Veteto AB, Jones JL, Gao C, Rau C, Warren CM, Klutho PJ, Alex L, Ferreira-Nichols SC, Ivey JR, Thorne PK, McDonald KS, Krenz M, Baines CP, Solaro RJ, Wang Y, Ford DA, Domeier TL, Padilla J, Rector RS, Emter CA. Western Diet-Fed, Aortic-Banded Ossabaw Swine: A Preclinical Model of Cardio-Metabolic Heart Failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:404-421. [PMID: 31312763 PMCID: PMC6610000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of new treatments for heart failure lack animal models that encompass the increasingly heterogeneous disease profile of this patient population. This report provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that Western Diet-fed, aortic-banded Ossabaw swine display an integrated physiological, morphological, and genetic phenotype evocative of cardio-metabolic heart failure. This new preclinical animal model displays a distinctive constellation of findings that are conceivably useful to extending the understanding of how pre-existing cardio-metabolic syndrome can contribute to developing HF.
Collapse
Key Words
- AB, aortic-banded
- CON, control
- EDPVR, end-diastolic pressure−volume relationship
- EF, ejection fraction
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- IL1RL1, interleukin 1 receptor-like 1
- LV, left ventricle
- NF, nuclear factor
- PTX3, pentraxin-3
- WD, Western Diet
- cardio-metabolic disease
- heart failure
- integrative pathophysiology
- preclinical model of cardiovascular disease
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jenna C. Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas J. Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam B. Veteto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - John L. Jones
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Chen Gao
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christoph Rau
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chad M. Warren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paula J. Klutho
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Linda Alex
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Jan R. Ivey
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Pamela K. Thorne
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kerry S. McDonald
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R. John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yibin Wang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University- School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy L. Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medicine – University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Craig A. Emter
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
262
|
Vrathasha V, Weidner H, Nohe A. Mechanism of CK2.3, a Novel Mimetic Peptide of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type IA, Mediated Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2500. [PMID: 31117181 PMCID: PMC6567251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a degenerative skeletal disease with a limited number of treatment options. CK2.3, a novel peptide, may be a potential therapeutic. It induces osteogenesis and bone formation in vitro and in vivo by acting downstream of BMPRIA through releasing CK2 from the receptor. However, the detailed signaling pathways, the time frame of signaling, and genes activated remain largely unknown. METHODS Using a newly developed fluorescent CK2.3 analog, specific inhibitors for the BMP signaling pathways, Western blot, and RT-qPCR, we determined the mechanism of CK2.3 in C2C12 cells. We then confirmed the results in primary BMSCs. RESULTS Using these methods, we showed that CK2.3 stimulation activated OSX, ALP, and OCN. CK2.3 stimulation induced time dependent release of CK2β from BMPRIA and concurrently CK2.3 colocalized with CK2α. Furthermore, CK2.3 induced BMP signaling depends on ERK1/2 and Smad1/5/8 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION CK2.3 is a novel peptide that drives osteogenesis, and we detailed the molecular sequence of events that are triggered from the stimulation of CK2.3 until the induction of mineralization. This knowledge can be applied in the development of future therapeutics for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vrathasha Vrathasha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Hilary Weidner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Anja Nohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
263
|
Dianat-Moghadam H, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Implications of Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) in Cancer: From Prognostic to Therapeutic Applications. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:852-870. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190112145409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are pleiotropic molecules exerting autocrine, intracrine
and paracrine functions via activating four tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFR), which further trigger
a variety of cellular processes including angiogenesis, evasion from apoptosis, bone formation,
embryogenesis, wound repair and homeostasis. Four major mechanisms including angiogenesis, inflammation,
cell proliferation, and metastasis are active in FGF/FGFR-driven tumors. Furthermore,
gain-of-function or loss-of-function in FGFRs1-4 which is due to amplification, fusions, mutations,
and changes in tumor–stromal cells interactions, is associated with the development and progression
of cancer. Although, the developed small molecule or antibodies targeting FGFR signaling offer immense
potential for cancer therapy, emergence of drug resistance, activation of compensatory pathways
and systemic toxicity of modulators are bottlenecks in clinical application of anti-FGFRs. In this
review, we present FGF/FGFR structure and the mechanisms of its function, as well as cross-talks
with other nodes and/or signaling pathways. We describe deregulation of FGF/FGFR-related mechanisms
in human disease and tumor progression leading to the presentation of emerging therapeutic approaches,
resistance to FGFR targeting, and clinical potentials of individual FGF family in several
human cancers. Additionally, the underlying biological mechanisms of FGF/FGFR signaling, besides
several attempts to develop predictive biomarkers and combination therapies for different cancers
have been explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
264
|
Blum AE, Venkitachalam S, Ravillah D, Chelluboyina AK, Kieber-Emmons AM, Ravi L, Kresak A, Chandar AK, Markowitz SD, Canto MI, Wang JS, Shaheen NJ, Guo Y, Shyr Y, Willis JE, Chak A, Varadan V, Guda K. Systems Biology Analyses Show Hyperactivation of Transforming Growth Factor-β and JNK Signaling Pathways in Esophageal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1761-1774. [PMID: 30768984 PMCID: PMC6701681 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is resistant to standard chemoradiation treatments, and few targeted therapies are available. We used large-scale tissue profiling and pharmacogenetic analyses to identify deregulated signaling pathways in EAC tissues that might be targeted to slow tumor growth or progression. METHODS We collected 397 biopsy specimens from patients with EAC and nonmalignant Barrett's esophagus (BE), with or without dysplasia. We performed RNA-sequencing analyses and used systems biology approaches to identify pathways that are differentially activated in EAC vs nonmalignant dysplastic tissues; pathway activities were confirmed with immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of signaling components in patient tissue samples. Human EAC (FLO-1 and EsoAd1), dysplastic BE (CP-B, CP-C, CP-D), and nondysplastic BE (CP-A) cells were incubated with pharmacologic inhibitors or transfected with small interfering RNAs. We measured effects on proliferation, colony formation, migration, and/or growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. RESULTS Comparisons of EAC vs nondysplastic BE tissues showed hyperactivation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) and/or Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways in more than 80% of EAC samples. Immunohistochemical analyses showed increased nuclear localization of phosphorylated JUN and SMAD proteins in EAC tumor tissues compared with nonmalignant tissues. Genes regulated by the TGFB and JNK pathway were overexpressed specifically in EAC and dysplastic BE. Pharmacologic inhibition or knockdown of TGFB or JNK signaling components in EAC cells (FLO-1 or EsoAd1) significantly reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and/or growth of xenograft tumors in mice in a SMAD4-independent manner. Inhibition of the TGFB pathway in BE cell lines reduced the proliferation of dysplastic, but not nondysplastic, cells. CONCLUSIONS In a transcriptome analysis of EAC and nondysplastic BE tissues, we found the TGFB and JNK signaling pathways to be hyperactivated in EACs and the genes regulated by these pathways to be overexpressed in EAC and dysplastic BE. Inhibiting these pathways in EAC cells reduces their proliferation, migration, and formation of xenograft tumors. Strategies to block the TGFB and JNK signaling pathways might be developed for treatment of EAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Blum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Srividya Venkitachalam
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Durgadevi Ravillah
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Aruna K. Chelluboyina
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Ann Marie Kieber-Emmons
- Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Lakshmeswari Ravi
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Adam Kresak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Apoorva K. Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Sanford D. Markowitz
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Marcia I. Canto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD-21205 U.S.A
| | - Jean S. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M0-63110 U.S.A
| | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC-27599 U.S.A
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN-37232 U.S.A
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN-37232 U.S.A
| | - Joseph E. Willis
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Vinay Varadan
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Kishore Guda
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
265
|
Han SK, Kong J, Kim S, Lee JH, Han DH. Exomic and transcriptomic alterations of hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1374-1383. [PMID: 30907493 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare oral disease characterized by either localized or generalized gradual, benign, non-hemorrhagic enlargement of gingivae. Although several genetic causes of HGF are known, the genetic etiology of HGF as a non-syndromic and idiopathic entity remains uncertain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We performed exome and RNA-seq of idiopathic HGF patients and controls, and then devised a computational framework that specifies exomic/transcriptomic alterations interconnected by a regulatory network to unravel genetic etiology of HGF. Moreover, given the lack of animal model or large-scale cohort data of HGF, we developed a strategy to cross-check their clinical relevance through in silico gene-phenotype mapping with biomedical literature mining and semantic analysis of disease phenotype similarities. RESULTS Exomic variants and differentially expressed genes of HGF were connected by members of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and craniofacial development processes, accounting for the molecular mechanism of fibroblast overgrowth mimicking HGF. Our cross-check supports that genes derived from the regulatory network analysis have pathogenic roles in fibromatosis-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS The computational approach of connecting exomic and transcriptomic alterations through regulatory networks is applicable in the clinical interpretation of genetic variants in HGF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jungho Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.,Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoo Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
266
|
Ng-Blichfeldt JP, de Jong T, Kortekaas RK, Wu X, Lindner M, Guryev V, Hiemstra PS, Stolk J, Königshoff M, Gosens R. TGF-β activation impairs fibroblast ability to support adult lung epithelial progenitor cell organoid formation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L14-L28. [PMID: 30969812 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00400.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation contributes to remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but whether this impacts the ability of fibroblasts to support lung epithelial repair remains little explored. We pretreated human lung fibroblasts [primary (phFB) or MRC5 cells] with recombinant human TGF-β to induce myofibroblast differentiation, then cocultured them with adult mouse lung epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive cells (EpCAM+) to investigate their capacity to support epithelial organoid formation in vitro. While control phFB and MRC5 lung fibroblasts supported organoid formation of mouse EpCAM+ cells, TGF-β pretreatment of both phFB and MRC5 impaired organoid-supporting ability. We performed RNA sequencing of TGF-β-treated phFB, which revealed altered expression of key Wnt signaling pathway components and Wnt/β-catenin target genes, and modulated expression of secreted factors involved in mesenchymal-epithelial signaling. TGF-β profoundly skewed the transcriptional program induced by the Wnt/β-catenin activator CHIR99021. Supplementing organoid culture media recombinant hepatocyte growth factor or fibroblast growth factor 7 promoted organoid formation when using TGF-β pretreated fibroblasts. In conclusion, TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation results in Wnt/β-catenin pathway skewing and impairs fibroblast ability to support epithelial repair likely through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of secreted growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research , Munich , Germany
| | - Tristan de Jong
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Rosa K Kortekaas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Xinhui Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Michael Lindner
- Translational Lung Research and CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center , Munich , Germany
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research , Munich , Germany.,Translational Lung Research and CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center , Munich , Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Sakai S, Ohhata T, Kitagawa K, Uchida C, Aoshima T, Niida H, Suzuki T, Inoue Y, Miyazawa K, Kitagawa M. Long Noncoding RNA ELIT-1 Acts as a Smad3 Cofactor to Facilitate TGFβ/Smad Signaling and Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2821-2838. [PMID: 30952633 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TGFβ is involved in various biological processes, including development, differentiation, growth regulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In TGFβ/Smad signaling, receptor-activated Smad complexes activate or repress their target gene promoters. Smad cofactors are a group of Smad-binding proteins that promote recruitment of Smad complexes to these promoters. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), which behave as Smad cofactors, have thus far not been identified. Here, we characterize a novel lncRNA EMT-associated lncRNA induced by TGFβ1 (ELIT-1). ELIT-1 was induced by TGFβ stimulation via the TGFβ/Smad pathway in TGFβ-responsive cell lines. ELIT-1 depletion abrogated TGFβ-mediated EMT progression and expression of TGFβ target genes including Snail, a transcription factor critical for EMT. A positive correlation between high expression of ELIT-1 and poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer suggests that ELIT-1 may be useful as a prognostic and therapeutic target. RIP assays revealed that ELIT-1 bound to Smad3, but not Smad2. In conjunction with Smad3, ELIT-1 enhanced Smad-responsive promoter activities by recruiting Smad3 to the promoters of its target genes including Snail, other TGFβ target genes, and ELIT-1 itself. Collectively, these data show that ELIT-1 is a novel trans-acting lncRNA that forms a positive feedback loop to enhance TGFβ/Smad3 signaling and promote EMT progression. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies a novel lncRNA ELIT-1 and characterizes its role as a positive regulator of TGFβ/Smad3 signaling and EMT.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/11/2821/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohhata
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kitagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chiharu Uchida
- Advanced Research Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Aoshima
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Niida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kitagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
268
|
Silva C, Sampaio-Pinto V, Andrade S, Rodrigues I, Costa R, Guerreiro S, Carvalho E, Pinto-do-Ó P, Nascimento DS, Soares R. Establishing a Link between Endothelial Cell Metabolism and Vascular Behaviour in a Type 1 Diabetes Mouse Model. Cell Physiol Biochem 2019; 52:503-516. [PMID: 30897318 PMCID: PMC7453785 DOI: 10.33594/000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Vascular complications contribute significantly to the extensive morbidity and mortality rates observed in people with diabetes. Despite well known that the diabetic kidney and heart exhibit imbalanced angiogenesis, the mechanisms implicated in this angiogenic paradox remain unknown. In this study, we examined the angiogenic and metabolic gene expression profile (GEP) of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from a mouse model with type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS ECs were isolated from kidneys and hearts of healthy and streptozocin (STZ)-treated mice. RNA was then extracted for molecular studies. GEP of 84 angiogenic and 84 AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)-dependent genes were examined by microarrays. Real time PCR confirmed the changes observed in significantly altered genes. Microvessel density (MVD) was analysed by immunohistochemistry, fibrosis was assessed by the Sirius red histological staining and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS The relative percentage of ECs and MVD were increased in the kidneys of T1DM animals whereas the opposite trend was observed in the hearts of diabetic mice. Accordingly, the majority of AMPK-associated genes were upregulated in kidneys and downregulated in hearts of these animals. Angiogenic GEP revealed significant differences in Tgfβ, Notch signaling and Timp2 in both diabetic organs. These findings were in agreement with the angiogenesis histological assays. Fibrosis was augmented in both organs in diabetic as compared to healthy animals. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings indicate, for the first time, that T1DM heart and kidney ECs present opposite metabolic cues, which are accompanied by distinct angiogenic patterns. These findings enable the development of innovative organ-specific therapeutic strategies targeting diabetic-associated vascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vasco Sampaio-Pinto
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Andrade
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Guerreiro
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,The Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,
| |
Collapse
|
269
|
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer amongst women worldwide. The mortality rate for patients with early-stage breast cancer has been decreasing, however, the 5-year survival rate for patients with metastatic disease remains poor, currently at 27%. Here, we have reviewed the current understanding of the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in breast cancer progression, and have highlighted the discordant results that are reported in different studies. We propose that some of these contradictory outcomes may result from signaling through either the canonical or non-canonical pathways in different cell lines and tumors, or from different tumor-stromal interactions that occur in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lap Hing Chi
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
- c Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
- d Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
270
|
Butrous G. Schistosome infection and its effect on pulmonary circulation. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2019; 2019:5. [PMID: 31024947 PMCID: PMC6472693 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2019.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is the most common parasitic disease associated with pulmonary hypertension. It induces remodelling via complex inflammatory processes, which eventually produce the clinical manifestation of pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary hypertension shows clinical signs and symptoms that are not distinguishable from other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazwan Butrous
- Professor of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, UK and University of Greenwich, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham ME4 4BF, Kent, UK
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Farrukh F, Davies E, Berry M, Logan A, Ahmed Z. BMP4/Smad1 Signalling Promotes Spinal Dorsal Column Axon Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6807-6819. [PMID: 30924076 PMCID: PMC6728286 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Signalling through the BMP4/Smad1 pathway promotes corticospinal tract axon regeneration and functional recovery in mice. However, unlike humans and rats, mice do not cavitate. Here, we investigated if activation of the BMP4/Smad1 pathway promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model that cavitates. We show that dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGN) in injury models, including the non-regenerating dorsal column (DC) and the regenerating sciatic nerve (SN) crush and preconditioning (p) SN + DC (pSN + DC) paradigms, regulate the BMP4/Smad1 signalling pathway. For example, mRNA expression of positive regulators of the BMP4/Smad1 pathway was highly up-regulated whilst negative regulators were significantly down-regulated in DRGN in the regenerating SN and pSN + DC models compared to non-regenerating DC models, matched by concomitant changes in protein expression detected in DRGN by immunohistochemistry. BMP4 peptide promoted significant DRGN survival and disinhibited neurite outgrowth in vitro, whilst AAV-BMP4 delivery in vivo stimulated DC axon regeneration and functional recovery in a model that cavitates. Our results show that activation of the BMP4/Smad1 pathway is a potential therapeutic target in the search for axon regenerative signalling pathways in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Farrukh
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elise Davies
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Berry
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
272
|
Liu S, Nie Y, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Li X, Han D. Adhesion Anisotropy Substrate with Janus Micropillar Arrays Guides Cell Polarized Migration and Division Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
273
|
Liu S, Nie Y, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Li X, Han D. Adhesion Anisotropy Substrate with Janus Micropillar Arrays Guides Cell Polarized Migration and Division Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4308-4312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Abstract
Deviations from the precisely coordinated programme of human head development can lead to craniofacial and orofacial malformations often including a variety of dental abnormalities too. Although the aetiology is still unknown in many cases, during the last decades different intracellular signalling pathways have been genetically linked to specific disorders. Among these pathways, the RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling cascade is the focus of this review since it encompasses a large group of genes that when mutated cause some of the most common and severe developmental anomalies in humans. We present the components of the RAS/ERK pathway implicated in craniofacial and orodental disorders through a series of human and animal studies. We attempt to unravel the specific molecular targets downstream of ERK that act on particular cell types and regulate key steps in the associated developmental processes. Finally we point to ambiguities in our current knowledge that need to be clarified before RAS/ERK-targeting therapeutic approaches can be implemented.
Collapse
|
275
|
Zhou Y, Sun B, Li W, Zhou J, Gao F, Wang X, Cai M, Sun Z. Pancreatic Stellate Cells: A Rising Translational Physiology Star as a Potential Stem Cell Type for Beta Cell Neogenesis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:218. [PMID: 30930789 PMCID: PMC6424017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive decline and eventual loss of islet β-cell function underlies the pathophysiological mechanism of the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The recovery of functional β-cells is an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Based on similarities in developmental biology and anatomy, in vivo induction of differentiation of other types of pancreatic cells into β-cells is a promising avenue for future diabetes treatment. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which have attracted intense research interest due to their effects on tissue fibrosis over the last decade, express multiple stem cell markers and can differentiate into various cell types. In particular, PSCs can successfully differentiate into insulin- secreting cells in vitro and can contribute to tissue regeneration. In this article, we will brings together the main concepts of the translational physiology potential of PSCs that have emerged from work in the field and discuss possible ways to develop the future renewable source for clinical treatment of pancreatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junming Zhou
- Department of Outpatient, Army Engineering University, Jingling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Graduate Innovation Platform of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
276
|
Kwak EA, Lee NY. Synergetic roles of TGF-β signaling in tissue engineering. Cytokine 2019; 115:60-63. [PMID: 30634099 PMCID: PMC6800105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in tissue engineering highlight biomaterial designs with context-specific growth factors, cytokines and various small molecules to better mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments. These efforts have led to direct improvements in cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions while mitigating undesirable cellular and immunogenic responses. In this short review, we focus on the crucial roles and regulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in biomaterial applications during tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-A Kwak
- Deparment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Deparment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
277
|
Luo J, Chen XQ, Li P. The Role of TGF-β and Its Receptors in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:475-484. [PMID: 30594036 PMCID: PMC6314240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of gastrointestinal tumors improves patient survival. However, patients with these tumors are typically diagnosed at an advanced stage and have poor prognosis. The incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, liver, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, are increasing worldwide. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents are required to improve patient survival and quality of life. The tumor microenvironment, which contains nontumor cells, signaling molecules such as growth factors and cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins, plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling has dual roles in gastrointestinal tumor development and progression as both a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Here, we review the dynamic roles of TGF-β and its receptors in gastrointestinal tumors and provide evidence that targeting TGF-β signaling may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Luo
- Oncology Department, West China Hospital of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Qiao Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Oncology Department, West China Hospital of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
278
|
A familial congenital heart disease with a possible multigenic origin involving a mutation in BMPR1A. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2959. [PMID: 30814609 PMCID: PMC6393482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetics of many congenital heart diseases (CHDs) can only unsatisfactorily be explained by known chromosomal or Mendelian syndromes. Here, we present sequencing data of a family with a potentially multigenic origin of CHD. Twelve of nineteen family members carry a familial mutation [NM_004329.2:c.1328 G > A (p.R443H)] which encodes a predicted deleterious variant of BMPR1A. This mutation co-segregates with a linkage region on chromosome 1 that associates with the emergence of severe CHDs including Ebstein's anomaly, atrioventricular septal defect, and others. We show that the continuous overexpression of the zebrafish homologous mutation bmpr1aap.R438H within endocardium causes a reduced AV valve area, a downregulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling at the AV canal, and growth of additional tissue mass in adult zebrafish hearts. This finding opens the possibility of testing genetic interactions between BMPR1A and other candidate genes within linkage region 1 which may provide a first step towards unravelling more complex genetic patterns in cardiovascular disease aetiology.
Collapse
|
279
|
Tan Timur U, Caron M, van den Akker G, van der Windt A, Visser J, van Rhijn L, Weinans H, Welting T, Emans P, Jahr H. Increased TGF-β and BMP Levels and Improved Chondrocyte-Specific Marker Expression In Vitro under Cartilage-Specific Physiological Osmolarity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040795. [PMID: 30781744 PMCID: PMC6412363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During standard expansion culture (i.e., plasma osmolarity, 280 mOsm) human articular chondrocytes dedifferentiate, making them inappropriate for autologous chondrocyte implantation to treat cartilage defects. Increasing the osmolarity of culture media to physiological osmolarity levels of cartilage (i.e., 380 mOsm), increases collagen type II (COL2A1) expression of human articular chondrocytes in vitro, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We hypothesized that TGF-β superfamily signaling may drive expression of COL2A1 under physiological osmolarity culture conditions. Human articular chondrocytes were cultured in cytokine-free medium of 280 or 380 mOsm with or without siRNA mediated TGF-β2 knockdown (RNAi). Expression of TGF-β isoforms, and collagen type II was evaluated by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. TGF-β2 protein secretion was evaluated using ELISA and TGF-β bioactivity was determined using an established reporter assay. Involvement of BMP signaling was investigated by culturing human articular chondrocytes in the presence or absence of BMP inhibitor dorsomorphin and BMP bioactivity was determined using an established reporter assay. Physiological cartilage osmolarity (i.e., physosmolarity) most prominently increased TGF-β2 mRNA expression and protein secretion as well as TGF-β bioactivity. Upon TGF-β2 isoform-specific knockdown, gene expression of chondrocyte marker COL2A1 was induced. TGF-β2 RNAi under physosmolarity enhanced TGF-β bioactivity. BMP bioactivity increased upon physosmotic treatment, but was not related to TGF-β2 RNAi. In contrast, dorsomorphin inhibited COL2A1 mRNA expression in human articular chondrocytes independent of the osmotic condition. Our data suggest a role for TGF-β superfamily member signaling in physosmolarity-induced mRNA expression of collagen type II. As physosmotic conditions favor the expression of COL2A1 independent of our manipulations, contribution of other metabolic, post-transcriptional or epigenetic factors cannot be excluded in the underlying complex and interdependent regulation of marker gene expression. Dissecting these molecular mechanisms holds potential to further improve future cell-based chondral repair strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Tan Timur
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany..
| | - Marjolein Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Guus van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna van der Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jenny Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lodewijk van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter Emans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Holger Jahr
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany..
| |
Collapse
|
280
|
Kaalia R, Rajapakse JC. Functional homogeneity and specificity of topological modules in human proteome. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 19:553. [PMID: 30717667 PMCID: PMC7394330 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional modules in protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN) are defined by maximal sets of functionally associated proteins and are vital to understanding cellular mechanisms and identifying disease associated proteins. Topological modules of the human proteome have been shown to be related to functional modules of PPIN. However, the effects of the weights of interactions between protein pairs and the integration of physical (direct) interactions with functional (indirect expression-based) interactions have not been investigated in the detection of functional modules of the human proteome. RESULTS We investigated functional homogeneity and specificity of topological modules of the human proteome and validated them with known biological and disease pathways. Specifically, we determined the effects on functional homogeneity and heterogeneity of topological modules (i) with both physical and functional protein-protein interactions; and (ii) with incorporation of functional similarities between proteins as weights of interactions. With functional enrichment analyses and a novel measure for functional specificity, we evaluated functional relevance and specificity of topological modules of the human proteome. CONCLUSIONS The topological modules ranked using specificity scores show high enrichment with gene sets of known functions. Physical interactions in PPIN contribute to high specificity of the topological modules of the human proteome whereas functional interactions contribute to high homogeneity of the modules. Weighted networks result in more number of topological modules but did not affect their functional propensity. Modules of human proteome are more homogeneous for molecular functions than biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Kaalia
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jagath C. Rajapakse
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
281
|
Levine AJ, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. The Roles of Initiating Truncal Mutations in Human Cancers: The Order of Mutations and Tumor Cell Type Matters. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:10-15. [PMID: 30645969 PMCID: PMC6376970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We propose that initiating truncal mutations plays a special role in tumor formation by both enhancing the survival of the initiating cancer cell and by selecting for secondary mutations that contribute to tumor progression, and that these mutations often act in a tissue-preferred fashion. Here, we explain why inherited mutations often have different tissue specificities compared with spontaneous mutations in the same gene. Initiating truncal mutations make excellent neo-antigens for immunotherapy, and understanding why one mutation selects for a second mutation in a particular tissue type could one day aid in the design of gene-targeted combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J Levine
- Institute for Advanced Study, School of Natural Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Nancy A Jenkins
- Genetics Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neal G Copeland
- Genetics Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Luttrell LM, Dar MS, Gesty-Palmer D, El-Shewy HM, Robinson KM, Haycraft CJ, Barth JL. Transcriptomic characterization of signaling pathways associated with osteoblastic differentiation of MC-3T3E1 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204197. [PMID: 30608923 PMCID: PMC6319725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling involves the coordinated actions of osteoclasts, which resorb the calcified bony matrix, and osteoblasts, which refill erosion pits created by osteoclasts to restore skeletal integrity and adapt to changes in mechanical load. Osteoblasts are derived from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell precursors, which undergo differentiation under the influence of a host of local and environmental cues. To characterize the autocrine/paracrine signaling networks associated with osteoblast maturation and function, we performed gene network analysis using complementary “agnostic” DNA microarray and “targeted” NanoString nCounter datasets derived from murine MC3T3-E1 cells induced to undergo synchronized osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Pairwise datasets representing changes in gene expression associated with growth arrest (day 2 to 5 in culture), differentiation (day 5 to 10 in culture), and osteoblast maturation (day 10 to 28 in culture) were analyzed using Ingenuity Systems Pathways Analysis to generate predictions about signaling pathway activity based on the temporal sequence of changes in target gene expression. Our data indicate that some pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation, e.g. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, are most active early in the process, while others, e.g. TGFβ/BMP, cytokine/JAK-STAT and TNFα/RANKL signaling, increase in activity as differentiation progresses. Collectively, these pathways contribute to the sequential expression of genes involved in the synthesis and mineralization of extracellular matrix. These results provide insight into the temporal coordination and complex interplay between signaling networks controlling gene expression during osteoblast differentiation. A more complete understanding of these processes may aid the discovery of novel methods to promote osteoblast development for the treatment of conditions characterized by low bone mineral density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis M. Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Moahad S. Dar
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diane Gesty-Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hesham M. El-Shewy
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Courtney J. Haycraft
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Jeremy L. Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
Harnisch K, Teuber-Hanselmann S, Macha N, Mairinger F, Fritsche L, Soub D, Meinl E, Junker A. Myelination in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Is Associated with Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 and Its Antagonist Noggin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010154. [PMID: 30609838 PMCID: PMC6337410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination is a central aspect of new multiple sclerosis (MS) therapies, in which one aims to alleviate disease symptoms by improving axonal protection. However, a central problem is mediators expressed in MS lesions that prevent effective remyelination. Bone morphogenetic protein4 (BMP4) inhibits the development of mature oligodendrocytes in cell culture and also blocks the expression of myelin proteins. Additionally, numerous studies have shown that Noggin (SYM1)—among other physiological antagonists of BMP4—plays a prominent role in myelin formation in the developing but also the adult central nervous system. Nonetheless, neither BMP4 nor Noggin have been systematically studied in human MS lesions. In this study, we demonstrated by transcript analysis and immunohistochemistry that BMP4 is expressed by astrocytes and microglia/macrophages in association with inflammatory infiltrates in MS lesions, and that astrocytes also express BMP4 in chronic inactive lesions that failed to remyelinate. Furthermore, the demonstration of an increased expression of Noggin in so-called shadow plaques (i.e., remyelinated lesions with thinner myelin sheaths) in comparison to chronically inactive demyelinated lesions implies that antagonizing BMP4 is associated with successful remyelination in MS plaques in humans. However, although BMP4 is strongly overexpressed in inflammatory lesion areas, its levels are also elevated in remyelinated lesion areas, which raises the possibility that BMP4 signaling itself may be required for remyelination. Therefore, remyelination might be influenced by a small number of key factors. Manipulating these molecules, i.e., BMP4 and Noggin, could be a promising therapeutic approach for effective remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Harnisch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Nicole Macha
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Lena Fritsche
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Soub
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Andreas Junker
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Herter EK, Li D, Toma MA, Vij M, Li X, Visscher D, Wang A, Chu T, Sommar P, Blomqvist L, Berglund D, Ståhle M, Wikstrom JD, Xu Landén N. WAKMAR2, a Long Noncoding RNA Downregulated in Human Chronic Wounds, Modulates Keratinocyte Motility and Production of Inflammatory Chemokines. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:1373-1384. [PMID: 30594489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a major and growing health and economic burden worldwide. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms of normal as well as impaired wound healing is needed to develop effective treatment. Herein we studied the potential role of long noncoding RNA LOC100130476 in skin wound repair. LOC100130476 is an RNA polymerase II-encoded polyadenylated transcript present in both cytoplasm and nucleus. We found that its expression was lower in wound-edge keratinocytes of human chronic wounds compared to normal wounds of healthy donors and intact skin. In cultured keratinocytes, LOC100130476 expression was induced by TGF-β signaling. By reducing LOC100130476 expression with antisense oligos or activating its transcription with CRISPR/Cas9 Synergistic Activation Mediator system, we showed that LOC100130476 restricted the production of inflammatory chemokines by keratinocytes, while enhancing cell migration. In line with this, knockdown of LOC100130476 impaired re-epithelization of human ex vivo wounds. Based on these results, we named LOC100130476 wound and keratinocyte migration-associated long noncoding RNA 2 (WAKMAR2). Moreover, we identified a molecular network that may mediate the biological function of WAKMAR2 in keratinocytes using microarray. In summary, our data suggest that WAKMAR2 is an important regulator of skin wound healing and its deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Herter
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dongqing Li
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria A Toma
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manika Vij
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xi Li
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dani Visscher
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tongbin Chu
- Department of Wound Regeneration, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pehr Sommar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Blomqvist
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Berglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mona Ståhle
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob D Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ning Xu Landén
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
Secretomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Acute Kidney Injury: Possible Heterogeneity. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8693137. [PMID: 30651737 PMCID: PMC6311717 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8693137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A kidney has the ability to regenerate itself after a variety of renal injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to ameliorate tissue damages during renal injuries and diseases. The regenerations induced by MSCs are primarily mediated by the paracrine release of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles. Extracellular vesicles contain proteins, microRNAs, and mRNAs that are transferred into recipient cells to induce several repair signaling pathways. Over the past few decades, many studies identified trophic factors from MSCs, which attenuate renal injury in a variety of animal acute kidney injury models, including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and drug-induced renal injury, using microarray and proteomic analysis. Nevertheless, these studies have revealed the heterogeneity of trophic factors from MSCs that depend on the cell origins and different stimuli including hypoxia, inflammatory stimuli, and aging. In this review article, we summarize the secretomes and regenerative mechanisms induced by MSCs and highlight the possible heterogeneity of trophic factors from different types of MSC and different circumstances for renal regeneration.
Collapse
|
286
|
Lin X, Wen J, Liu R, Gao W, Qu B, Yu M. Nintedanib inhibits TGF-β-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human Tenon's fibroblasts. Mol Vis 2018; 24:789-800. [PMID: 30636861 PMCID: PMC6300612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of nintedanib on the conversion of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) into myofibroblasts and reveal the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods Primary cultured HTFs were incubated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) alone or combined with nintedanib, and cell proliferation and migration were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and the scratch wound assay, respectively. HTF contractility was evaluated with a 3D collagen contraction assay. The mRNA and protein levels of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Snail and the phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. Results Nintedanib inhibited the proliferation and migration of HTFs in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, nintedanib prevented HTF myofibroblast differentiation via downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and Snail. A three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel contraction assay demonstrated that nintedanib effectively inhibits myofibroblast contraction induced by TGF-β1. Mechanistically, we revealed that nintedanib reduces the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2, suggesting that nintedanib acts through both classic and nonclassic signaling pathways of TGF-β1 to prevent HTF activation. Conclusions Our study provides new evidence that nintedanib has potent antifibrotic effects in HTFs and suggests that it may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for subconjunctival fibrosis.
Collapse
|
287
|
Rossato VV, Silveira DA, Gupta S, Mombach JCM. Towards the contribution of the p38MAPK pathway to the dual role of TGFβ in cancer: A boolean model approach. Comput Biol Med 2018; 104:235-240. [PMID: 30530226 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway is involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In normal cells or in the early stages of cancer, this pathway can control proliferation stimuli by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis (through the MAP-kinase protein p38MAPK), while in late stages it seems to act as a tumor promoter. This feature is known as the TGF-β dual role in cancer and it is not completely explained. This seems to arise through the accumulation of mutations in cancer development that affect the normal function of these pathways. In this work we propose a Boolean model of the crosstalk between the TGF-β, p38 MAPK and cell cycle checkpoint pathways which qualitatively describes this dual behavior. The model shows that for the wild type case, TGF-β acts as tumor supressor by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, as expected. However, the loss of function (LoF) of its two signaling proteins: SMAD2 and SMAD3 has immortalization effects due to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway that contributes to inhibit apoptosis. In silico mutations of the model elements were compared with cell phenotypes in experiments presenting agreement. In addition, we performed a series of double gene perturbations (that simulate random deleterious mutations) to determine the main regulators of the network. The results suggest that SMAD2/3 and p38MAPK are key players in processing the network input. In addition, when the LoF of SMAD2/3 is combined with the LoF of p38MAPK and p53, cell cycle arrest is completely abrogated. In conclusion, the model allows to visualize, through in silico mutations, the dual role of TGF-β: for the wild-type case TGF-β is able to block proliferation, however deleterious mutations can impair cell cycle arrest promoting cellular proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daner A Silveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Shantanu Gupta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
288
|
Zhang P, Ding L, Kasugai S. Effect of doxycycline doped bone substitute on vertical bone augmentation on rat calvaria. Dent Mater J 2018; 38:211-217. [PMID: 30504694 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bio-Oss (BO), one of the bone substitutes, is extensively used for augmentation in dental field because it is highly biocompatible and osteoconductive, which however does not stimulate bone formation. Doxycycline (DOX), a widely-used antibiotic, shows inhibitory effects on inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, and it has been reported to stimulate bone formation. The objective of this study is to investigate the vertical bone formation with DOX doped BO in guided bone regeneration on rat calvaria. Forty rats underwent calvarial vertical augmentation surgeries. Twenty rats received BO whereas the others received DOX doped BO. The calvarias were harvested and analyzed radiologically, histologically and with RT-PCR at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. At 4 weeks, the area of mineralized new bone statistically increased in BO+DOX compared to BO, upregulations of TGFβ1, BMP2 and β-catenin were evident in BO+DOX. The present study demonstrates that BO+DOX improve vertical bone augmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University
| | - Shohei Kasugai
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
289
|
Kumar S, Franz-Odendaal TA. Analysis of the FGFR spatiotemporal expression pattern within the chicken scleral ossicle system. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 30:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
290
|
The Roles of Primary Cilia in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120233. [PMID: 30486394 PMCID: PMC6315816 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles found in most mammalian cell types. Cilia act as sensory organelles that transmit extracellular clues into intracellular signals for molecular and cellular responses. Biochemical and molecular defects in primary cilia are associated with a wide range of diseases, termed ciliopathies, with phenotypes ranging from polycystic kidney disease, liver disorders, mental retardation, and obesity to cardiovascular diseases. Primary cilia in vascular endothelia protrude into the lumen of blood vessels and function as molecular switches for calcium (Ca2+) and nitric oxide (NO) signaling. As mechanosensory organelles, endothelial cilia are involved in blood flow sensing. Dysfunction in endothelial cilia contributes to aberrant fluid-sensing and thus results in vascular disorders, including hypertension, aneurysm, and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the most recent findings on the roles of endothelial primary cilia within vascular biology and alludes to the possibility of primary cilium as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
|
291
|
Xiong X, Tu S, Wang J, Luo S, Yan X. CXXC5: A novel regulator and coordinator of TGF-β, BMP and Wnt signaling. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:740-749. [PMID: 30479059 PMCID: PMC6349197 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC5 is a member of the CXXC-type zinc-finger protein family. Proteins in this family play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation by binding to unmethylated CpG islands in gene promoters through their characteristic CXXC domain. CXXC5 is a short protein (322 amino acids in length) that does not have any catalytic domain, but is able to bind to DNA and act as a transcription factor and epigenetic factor through protein-protein interactions. Intriguingly, increasing evidence indicates that expression of the CXXC5 gene is controlled by multiple signaling pathways and a variety of transcription factors, positioning CXXC5 as an important signal integrator. In addition, CXXC5 is capable of regulating various signal transduction processes, including the TGF-β, Wnt and ATM-p53 pathways, thereby acting as a novel and crucial signaling coordinator. CXXC5 plays an important role in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In keeping with these functions, aberrant expression or altered activity of CXXC5 has been shown to be involved in several human diseases including tumourigenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of CXXC5 as a transcription factor and signaling regulator and coordinator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuo Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Cruz-Lozano M, González-González A, Marchal JA, Muñoz-Muela E, Molina MP, Cara FE, Brown AM, García-Rivas G, Hernández-Brenes C, Lorente JA, Sanchez-Rovira P, Chang JC, Granados-Principal S. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits cancer stem cells and the metastatic capacity of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines by the simultaneous targeting of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ signaling pathways. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3207-3219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
293
|
Wen J, Lin X, Gao W, Qu B, Ling Y, Liu R, Yu M. MEK inhibition prevents TGF‑β1‑induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tenon fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:468-476. [PMID: 30483803 PMCID: PMC6297771 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subconjunctival fibrosis represents the primary cause of postoperative failure of trabeculectomy, and at present there is a lack of effective intervention strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 on human tenon fibroblast (HTF) myofibrosis transdifferentiation, and to illuminate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. It was demonstrated that U0126 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and collagen contraction of HTFs stimulated with TGF‑β1. In addition, U0126 largely attenuated the TGF‑β1‑induced conversion of HTFs into myofibroblasts, as indicated by a downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of α‑smooth muscle actin and zinc finger protein SNAI1, and by ameliorating the 3D‑collagen contraction response. Mechanistically, U0126 suppressed the TGF‑β1‑stimulated phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3, P38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2, indicating that U0126 may inhibit HTF activation through the canonical and non‑canonical signaling pathways of TGF‑β1. Therefore, U0126 exhibits a potent anti‑fibrotic effect among HTFs, and the inhibition of MEK signaling may serve as an alternative intervention strategy for the treatment of trabeculectomy‑associated fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wuyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yunlan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Rongjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Mantawy EM, Said RS, Abdel-Aziz AK. Mechanistic approach of the inhibitory effect of chrysin on inflammatory and apoptotic events implicated in radiation-induced premature ovarian failure: Emphasis on TGF-β/MAPKs signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:293-303. [PMID: 30396087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most relevant treatment modalities for various types of malignancies. However, it causes premature ovarian failure (POF) and subsequent infertility in women of reproductive age; hence urging the development of effective radioprotective agents. Chrysin, a natural flavone, possesses several pharmacological activities owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of chrysin in limiting γ-radiation-mediated POF and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a single dose of γ-radiation (3.2 Gy) and/or treated with chrysin (50 mg/kg) once daily for two weeks before and three days post-irradiation. Chrysin prevented the radiation-induced ovarian dysfunction by restoring estradiol levels, preserving the normal ovarian histoarchitecture and combating the follicular loss. Eelectron microscopic analysis showed that the disruption of ultrastructure components due to radiation exposure was hampered by chrysin administration. Mechanistically, chrsyin was able to reduce the levels of the inflammatory markers NF-κB, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 in radiation-induced ovarian damage. Chrysin also exhibited potent anti-apoptotic effects against radiation-induced cell death by downregulating the expression of cytochrome c and caspase 3. Radiation obviously induced upregulation of TGF-β protein with subsequent phospholyration and hence activation of downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); p38 and JNK. Notably, administration of chrysin successfully counteracted these effects. These findings revealed that chrysin may be beneficial in ameliorating radiation-induced POF, predominantly via downregulating TGF-β/MAPK signaling pathways leading subsequently to hindering inflammatory and apoptotic signal transduction pathways implicated in POF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Mantawy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham S Said
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
295
|
Jeon SA, Lee JH, Kim DW, Cho JY. E3-ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 enhances bone formation by removing TGFβ1-induced pSMAD1 in immature osteoblast. Bone 2018; 116:248-258. [PMID: 30125728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 (NEDD4) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates animal growth and development. To investigate the role of NEDD4 in skeletogenesis in vivo, we established immature osteoblast-specific 2.3-kb Collagen Type I Alpha 1 chain (Col1α1) promoter-driven Nedd4 transgenic (Nedd4-TG, Col1α1-Nedd4Tg/+) mice and conditional knockout (Nedd4-cKO, Col1α1-Cre;Nedd4fl/fl) mice. The Nedd4-TG mice displayed enhanced bone mass accrual and upregulated gene expression of osteogenic markers in bone. In addition, bone formation was decreased in the Nedd4-cKO mice compared to that in their littermates. The proliferation of primary osteoblasts isolated from calvaria and the number and surface area of tibial osteoblasts were higher in the Nedd4-TG mice than those in their littermates. Throughout the osteoblast differentiation, the expression of Nedd4 and Tgfb1 were high at early stage of osteoblast maturation, but decreased at the later stage when Bmp2 expression level is high. TGFβ1 signaling was consolidated by degradation of pSMAD1, which was transiently induced by TGFβ1, in NEDD4-overexpressing osteoblasts. Furthermore, pERK1/2 signaling was enhanced in osteoblast from TG mice than those in their littermates. These results suggest that NEDD4 enhances osteoblast proliferation by removing pSMAD1 activated by TGFβ1, and potentiating pSMAD2 and pERK1/2 pathways at early stage of bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ae Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Astrocytes and the TGF-β1 Pathway in the Healthy and Diseased Brain: a Double-Edged Sword. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4653-4679. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
297
|
Chen F, Bi D, Cheng C, Ma S, Liu Y, Cheng K. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human dermal-derived CD105+ fibroblast cells through the Smad and MAPK pathways. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:37-46. [PMID: 30365093 PMCID: PMC6257832 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, as the largest organ of the human body, is an important source of stromal stem cells with multipotent differentiation potential. CD105+ mesenchymal stem cells exhibit a higher level of stemness than CD105− cells. In the present study, human dermal-derived CD105+ fibroblast cells (CD105+ hDDFCs) were isolated from human foreskin specimens using immunomagnetic isolation methods to examine the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 in osteogenic differentiation. Adenovirus-mediated recombinant BMP7 expression enhanced osteogenesis-associated gene expression, calcium deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms showed that BMP7 activated small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in CD105+ hDDFCs. The small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Smad4 or inhibition of p38 attenuated the BMP7-induced enhancement of osteogenic differentiation. In an in vivo ectopic bone formation model, the adenovirus-mediated overexpression of BMP7 enhanced bone formation from CD105+ hDDFCs. Taken together, these data indicated that adenoviral BMP7 gene transfer in CD105+ hDDFCs may be developed as an effective tool for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Dan Bi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Sunxiang Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiang Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
298
|
Sun Z, da Fontoura CSG, Moreno M, Holton NE, Sweat M, Sweat Y, Lee MK, Arbon J, Bidlack FB, Thedens DR, Nopoulos P, Cao H, Eliason S, Weinberg SM, Martin JF, Moreno-Uribe L, Amendt BA. FoxO6 regulates Hippo signaling and growth of the craniofacial complex. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007675. [PMID: 30286078 PMCID: PMC6197693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate post-natal growth of the craniofacial complex and that ultimately determine the size and shape of our faces are not well understood. Hippo signaling is a general mechanism to control tissue growth and organ size, and although it is known that Hippo signaling functions in neural crest specification and patterning during embryogenesis and before birth, its specific role in postnatal craniofacial growth remains elusive. We have identified the transcription factor FoxO6 as an activator of Hippo signaling regulating neonatal growth of the face. During late stages of mouse development, FoxO6 is expressed specifically in craniofacial tissues and FoxO6-/- mice undergo expansion of the face, frontal cortex, olfactory component and skull. Enlargement of the mandible and maxilla and lengthening of the incisors in FoxO6-/- mice are associated with increases in cell proliferation. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that FoxO6 activates Lats1 expression, thereby increasing Yap phosphorylation and activation of Hippo signaling. FoxO6-/- mice have significantly reduced Hippo Signaling caused by a decrease in Lats1 expression and decreases in Shh and Runx2 expression, suggesting that Shh and Runx2 are also linked to Hippo signaling. In vitro, FoxO6 activates Hippo reporter constructs and regulates cell proliferation. Furthermore PITX2, a regulator of Hippo signaling is associated with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome causing a flattened midface and we show that PITX2 activates FoxO6 expression. Craniofacial specific expression of FoxO6 postnatally regulates Hippo signaling and cell proliferation. Together, these results identify a FoxO6-Hippo regulatory pathway that controls skull growth, odontogenesis and face morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Clarissa S. G. da Fontoura
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Myriam Moreno
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Nathan E. Holton
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Mason Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Yan Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
| | - Jed Arbon
- Private practice, Cary, North Carolina United States of America
| | | | - Daniel R. Thedens
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Peggy Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Steven Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lina Moreno-Uribe
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
299
|
Decker JT, Hall MS, Peñalver-Bernabé B, Blaisdell RB, Liebman LN, Jeruss JS, Shea LD. Design of Large-Scale Reporter Construct Arrays for Dynamic, Live Cell Systems Biology. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2063-2073. [PMID: 30189139 PMCID: PMC11293491 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic systems biology aims to identify the molecular mechanisms governing cell fate decisions through the analysis of living cells. Large scale molecular information from living cells can be obtained from reporter constructs that provide activities for either individual transcription factors or multiple factors binding to the full promoter following CRISPR/Cas9 directed insertion of luciferase. In this report, we investigated the design criteria to obtain reporters that are specific and responsive to transcription factor (TF) binding and the integration of TF binding activity with genetic reporter activity. The design of TF reporters was investigated for the impact of consensus binding site spacing sequence and off-target binding on the reporter sensitivity using a library of 25 SMAD3 activity reporters with spacers of random composition and length. A spacer was necessary to quantify activity changes after TGFβ stimulation. TF binding site prediction algorithms (BEEML, FIMO and DeepBind) were used to predict off-target binding, and nonresponsiveness to a SMAD3 reporter was correlated with a predicted competitive binding of constitutively active p53. The network of activity of the SMAD3 reporter was inferred from measurements of TF reporter library, and connected with large-scale genetic reporter activity measurements. The integration of TF and genetic reporters identified the major hubs directing responses to TGFβ, and this method provided a systems-level algorithm to investigate cell signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew S. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Beatriz Peñalver-Bernabé
- Microbiome Center, Department of the Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rachel B. Blaisdell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lauren N. Liebman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jacqueline S. Jeruss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
300
|
Nandkishore N, Vyas B, Javali A, Ghosh S, Sambasivan R. Divergent early mesoderm specification underlies distinct head and trunk muscle programmes in vertebrates. Development 2018; 145:dev.160945. [PMID: 30237317 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Head and trunk muscles have discrete embryological origins and are governed by distinct regulatory programmes. Whereas the developmental route of trunk muscles from mesoderm is well studied, that of head muscles is ill defined. Here, we show that, unlike the myogenic trunk paraxial mesoderm, head mesoderm development is independent of the T/Tbx6 network in mouse. We reveal that, in contrast to Wnt and FGF-driven trunk mesoderm, dual inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin and Nodal specifies head mesoderm. Remarkably, the progenitors derived from embryonic stem cells by dual inhibition efficiently differentiate into cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. This twin potential is the defining feature of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm: the head subtype giving rise to heart and branchiomeric head muscles. Therefore, our findings provide compelling evidence that dual inhibition specifies head mesoderm and unravel the mechanism that diversifies head and trunk muscle programmes during early mesoderm fate commitment. Significantly, this is the first report of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, without transgenes, into progenitors with muscle/heart dual potential. Ability to generate branchiomeric muscle in vitro could catalyse efforts in modelling myopathies that selectively involve head muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Nandkishore
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, India.,SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Bhakti Vyas
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Alok Javali
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, India.,National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Subho Ghosh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|