251
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Chen H, Luo T, Chen T, Wang G. Seminal bacterial composition in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2884-2890. [PMID: 29456693 PMCID: PMC5795641 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of culture-dependent and -independent studies have reported that the number and significance of bacterial species in semen may have been underestimated. The aim of the present study was to profile the seminal microbiome in patients with obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia. A high-throughput sequencing method was adopted to sequence genomic DNA extracted from the semen of healthy people (C group), patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA group) and patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA group). The results revealed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria species comprised the majority of bacteria in the C (98.14%), OA (98.26%) and NOA (90.96%) groups. Patients in the OA and NOA groups exhibited an increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, whereas the number of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were decreased compared with the C group. A total of 398 common operational taxonomic units were identified, of which 27 belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. Furthermore, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States analysis indicated that the pathogenic species and reduced biodiversity in the semen of patients with azoospermia may result in an increased risk of metabolic, infectious and immune diseases. In the present study, the seminal microbiome of patients with obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia was explored, which may be useful for developing novel treatments against azoospermia as well as for its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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252
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Pan YY, Zeng F, Guo WL, Li TT, Jia RB, Huang ZR, Lv XC, Zhang J, Liu B. Effect of Grifola frondosa 95% ethanol extract on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:6268-6278. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of 95% ethanol extract of G. frondosa (GF95) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Pan
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Wei-Ling Guo
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Tian-Tian Li
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zi-Rui Huang
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xu-Cong Lv
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
- College of Food Science of Technology
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology
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253
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Chen Y, Xiao S, Gong Z, Zhu X, Yang Q, Li Y, Gao S, Dong Y, Shi Z, Wang Y, Weng X, Li Q, Cai W, Qiang W. Wuji Wan Formula Ameliorates Diarrhea and Disordered Colonic Motility in Post-inflammation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2307. [PMID: 29218037 PMCID: PMC5703868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota contribute to the treatment of post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Our previous studies have demonstrated that a Chinese formula, Wuji Wan, has the ability to mitigate abdominal pain and diarrhea in PI-IBS rats. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism and whether the gut microbiota mediate the effect of Wuji Wan on PI-IBS. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether Wuji Wan mitigated PI-IBS by modifying the gut microbiota. PI-IBS was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by enema using 4% acetic acid and restraint stress. Rats were fed water, Wuji Wan extract (630 mg/kg) or pinaverium bromide (13.5 mg/kg). Our data showed that Wuji Wan effectively ameliorated abdominal pain, colonic motility abnormality and visceral hypersensitivity. Analysis of the fecal microbiota showed that Wuji Wan could reverse the reduction in richness of the gut microbiota and significantly increase the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Parasutterella; however, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were markedly decreased in the PI-IBS rats. Moreover, Wuji Wan promoted goblet cell proliferation in the colonic mucosa by increasing the release of mucin, up-regulating the distribution of tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 and down-regulating the expression of MLCK in colonic epithelial cells. These findings suggest that Wuji Wan may remit IBS by modulating the gut microbiota and stabilizing the gut mucosal barrier, indicating that the use of a classical formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that exhibits a prebiotic effect may be a promising strategy for PI-IBS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuiming Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics in Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangrong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Qiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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254
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Lyu M, Wang YF, Fan GW, Wang XY, Xu SY, Zhu Y. Balancing Herbal Medicine and Functional Food for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases through Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2146. [PMID: 29167659 PMCID: PMC5682319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become apparent that gut microbiota is closely associated with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), and alteration in microbiome compositions is also linked to the host environment. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated in-depth studies on the effects of herbal medicine and functional food on gut microbiota. Both herbal medicine and functional food contain fiber, polyphenols and polysaccharides, exerting prebiotics-like activities in the prevention and treatment of CMDs. The administrations of herbal medicine and functional food lead to increased the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, and genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella, while reducing phylum Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in gut. Both herbal medicine and functional food interact with gut microbiome and alter the microbial metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are now correlated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In addition, trimethylamine (TMA)-N-oxide (TMAO) is recently linked to atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Moreover, gut-organs axes may serve as the potential strategy for treating CMDs with the intervention of herbal medicine and functional food. In summary, a balance between herbal medicine and functional food rich in fiber, polyphenols and polysaccharides plays a vital role in modulating gut microbiota (phylum Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella) through SCFAs, BAs, LPS and TMAO signaling regarding CMDs. Targeting gut-organs axes may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for CMDs by herbal medicine and functional food in the future. This review aims to summarize the balance between herbal medicine and functional food utilized for the prevention and treatment of CMDs through modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lyu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan-Wei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Neuroscience Program, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
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255
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Microbial diversity and composition in different gut locations of hyperlipidemic mice receiving krill oil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:355-366. [PMID: 29098414 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose (LD, 100 mg kg-1 day-1), moderate-dose (MD, 200 mg kg-1 day-1), and high-dose (HD, 600 mg kg-1 day-1) krill oil treatments have a stepwise, enhanced effect on alleviating hyperlipidemia, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the fecal samples demonstrates that krill oil treatment alters microbial communities. Feces may not represent all microbial communities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, in this study, the stored ileal and colon samples collected from LD and HD groups were sequenced, and the location-specific modulations of microbial communities were observed after krill oil treatments. The 16S rRNA sequencing of the ileal samples showed that the LD and HD groups have similar patterns between control and high-fat diet (HFD) treatments, and six most abundant genera and 40 operational taxonomic units that respond to krill oil treatment were identified. However, the 16S rRNA sequencing of the colon samples showed that LD krill oil shifts the structure from the HFD to that of the control, whereas the HD group was distributed between the control and HFD groups. The corresponding most abundant genera and responsive OTUs totaled 4 and 45, respectively. In conclusion, different gastrointestinal tract locations contain different microbial communities. These results will help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary krill oil in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating hyperlipidemia.
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256
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Meng F, Chen T, Wang X, Wang X, Wei H, Tian P, Wang H, Zhao X, Shen L, Xin H. Evaluation of the accuracy and sensitivity of high‑throughput sequencing technology using known microbiota. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:408-413. [PMID: 29115413 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing provides an excellent platform to explore microbiota in any given environment, and little work is required to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of high‑throughput sequencing technology. In the present study, a known microbiota containing Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium was used to evaluate the high‑throughput sequencing technology. The results suggested that there were 122.7 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in all groups, which is 17.5‑fold (the whole OTU number/the actual bacterial number) greater compared with the actual microbial number in each group, and the Venn method indicated that only 46.38% (64/138), 58.70% (81/138), 86.13% (118/137), 83.57% (117/140) and 89.29% (125/140) of the common OTUs were identified in groups A, B, C, D and E, of which the majority of OTUs did not belong to known bacteria. In addition, the DNA extraction and amplification efficiency failed to identify bacteria at the phylum, class, order, family, genus and species levels, which may further increase false information of microbial analysis. In conclusion, the present study provided basic datato investigate the potential drawbacks of high‑throughput sequencing technology, which will help researchers to avoid exaggerating the bacterial number when this technology is applied to study microbiota in particular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjing Meng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P.R. China
| | - Puyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
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257
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Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights on Mechanisms and Therapy. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101124. [PMID: 29035308 PMCID: PMC5691740 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays critical roles in development of obese-related metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes(T2D), and insulin resistance(IR), highlighting the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapies in these diseases. There are various ways that gut microbiota can be manipulated, including through use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and some active components from herbal medicines. In this review, we review the main roles of gut microbiota in mediating the development of NAFLD, and the advances in gut microbiota-targeted therapies for NAFLD in both the experimental and clinical studies, as well as the conclusions on the prospect of gut microbiota-targeted therapies in the future.
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258
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New Insights into the Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Products on Diabetes: A Focus on the "Bacteria-Mucosal Immunity-Inflammation-Diabetes" Axis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:1813086. [PMID: 29164155 PMCID: PMC5661076 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1813086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, especially type 2, has been rapidly increasing all over the world. Although many drugs have been developed and used to treat diabetes, side effects and long-term efficacy are of great challenge. Therefore, natural health product and dietary supplements have been of increasing interest alternatively. In this regard, Chinese herbs and herbal products have been considered a rich resource of product development. Although increasing evidence has been produced from various scientific studies, the mechanisms of action are lacking. Here, we have proposed that many herbal monomers and formulae improve glucose homeostasis and diabetes through the BMID axis; B represents gut microbiota, M means mucosal immunity, I represents inflammation, and D represents diabetes. Chinese herbs have been traditionally used to treat diabetes, with minimal side and toxic effects. Here, we reviewed monomers such as berberine, ginsenoside, M. charantia extract, and curcumin and herbal formulae such as Gegen Qinlian Decoction, Danggui Liuhuang Decoction, and Huanglian Wendan Decoction. This review was intended to provide new perspectives and strategies for future diabetes research and product.
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259
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Gut Microbiota Brings a Novel Way to Illuminate Mechanisms of Natural Products in vivo. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(17)60109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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260
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Chen L, Xu Y, Chen X, Fang C, Zhao L, Chen F. The Maturing Development of Gut Microbiota in Commercial Piglets during the Weaning Transition. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1688. [PMID: 28928724 PMCID: PMC5591375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Early weaned piglets are vulnerable to diarrhea because of weaning stress and immaturity of intestinal tract. Compelling evidence suggests that gut microbiota is vital to host health. However, it is not well understood on the composition and succession of piglet gut microbiota during the weaning transition. In our two trials, total 17 commercial piglets were studied in a pig farm in Jiangxi Province, China. Fresh feces were collected for four times (10 days before weaned, weaned day, 10 days after weaned, 21 days after weaned) by rectal massage. Fecal bacterial composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 regions sequencing by Illumina Miseq platform. The results showed that the gut microbiota of piglets shifted quickly after weaned and reached relatively stable level in 10 days after weaned. The alpha diversity increased significantly with the age of piglets. The microbiota of suckling piglets was mainly represented by Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, and Megasphaera. This pattern contrasted with that of Clostridium sensu stricto, Roseburia, Paraprevotella, Clostridium XIVa, and Blautia, which were major representative genera after weaned. In summary, we delineated the development of piglet gut microbiota during the weaning transition. This study helps us understand the maturing development of gut microbiota in commercial piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yuesong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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261
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Interaction between diet composition and gut microbiota and its impact on gastrointestinal tract health. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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262
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Stefanaki C, Peppa M, Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP. Examining the gut bacteriome, virome, and mycobiome in glucose metabolism disorders: Are we on the right track? Metabolism 2017; 73:52-66. [PMID: 28732571 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiome is defined as the gene complement of the gut microbial community, measured via laboratory metagenomic techniques. It includes bacteriome, virome and mycobiome, which represent, respectively, the assemblages of bacteria, viruses and fungi, living in the human gut. Gut microbiota function as a living "organ" that interacts with the gastro-intestinal environment, provides nutrients and vitamins to the organism and transduces hormonal messages, essentially influencing the main metabolic pathways, including drug metabolism. A clear association between gut, and glucose metabolism disorders has recently emerged. Medications acting on glucose absorption in the gut, or enhancing gut hormone activity are already extensively employed in the therapy of diabetes. Moreover, the gut is characterized by immune, and autonomous neuronal features, which play a critical role in maintaining glucose metabolism homeostasis. Gut microbes respond to neuroendocrine, and immune biochemical messages, affecting the health, and behavior of the host. There is vast heterogeneity in the studies included in this review, hence a meta-analysis, or a systematic review were not applicable. In this article, we attempt to reveal the interplay between human gut microbiota physiology, and hyperglycemic states, synthesizing, and interpreting findings from human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Stefanaki
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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263
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Jia L, Li D, Feng N, Shamoon M, Sun Z, Ding L, Zhang H, Chen W, Sun J, Chen YQ. Anti-diabetic Effects of Clostridium butyricum CGMCC0313.1 through Promoting the Growth of Gut Butyrate-producing Bacteria in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7046. [PMID: 28765642 PMCID: PMC5539151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have decreased butyrate-producing bacteria. We hypothesized that supplementation with butyrate-producing bacteria may exert beneficial effects on T2D. The current study investigated the effects of well-characterized butyrate-producing bacteria Clostridium butyricum CGMCC0313.1 (CB0313.1) on hyperglycemia and associated metabolic dysfunction in two diabetic mouse models. CB0313.1 was administered daily by oral gavage to leptindb/db mice for 5 weeks starting from 3 weeks of age, and to HF diabetic mice induced by high fat diet (HFD) plus streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL/6J mice for 13 weeks starting from 4 weeks of age. CB0313.1 improved diabetic markers (fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, GLP-1 and insulin secretion), and decreased blood lipids and inflammatory tone. Furthermore, CB0313.1 reversed hypohepatias and reduced glucose output. We also found that CB0313.1 modulated gut microbiota composition, characterized by a decreased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, reduced Allobaculum bacteria that were abundant in HF diabetic mice and increased butyrate-producing bacteria. Changes in gut microbiota following CB0313.1 treatment were associated with enhanced peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), insulin signaling molecules and mitochondrial function markers. Together, our study suggests that CB0313.1 may act as a beneficial probiotic for the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia and associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dongyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shamoon
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen. Leobener Str., NW 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China. .,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China. .,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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264
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Zhong LJ, Xie ZS, Yang H, Li P, Xu XJ. Moutan Cortex and Paeoniae Radix Rubra reverse high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorder and restore gut microbiota homeostasis. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:210-219. [PMID: 28411689 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effcts of Moutan Cortex (CM, root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr) and Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PR, root of Paeonia veitchii Lynch) on metabolic disorders, focusing on the infuence of CM and PR on the obesity-related gut microbiota homeostasis. The diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model was used to test the therapeutic effects of CM and PR. The mice were orally administered with CM and PR for 6 weeks, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed to evaluate the insulin sensitivity of the mice. Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and their target genes were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing technology was used to determine the composition of gut microbiota, and the metabolites in serum were analyzed by GC-MS. Our results indicated that CM and PR combination alleviated obese and insulin resistance in the DIO mice, leading to increased glucose uptake and gene expression in muscle and liver, and down-regulated SREBPs and their target genes in liver. Interesting, neither the CM-PR extracts, nor the major components of CM and PR did not affect SREBPs activity in cultured cells. Meanwhile, CM and PR significantly modulated the gut microbiota of the high-fat diet (HFD) treated mice, similar to metformin, and CM-PR reversed the overall microbiota composition similar to the normal chow diet (NCD) treated mice. In conclusion, our results provide novel mechanisms of action for the effects of CM and PR in treating DIO-induced dysregulation of sugar and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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265
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Antidiabetic Micro-/Nanoaggregates from Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian-Tang Decoction Increase Absorption of Baicalin and Cellular Antioxidant Activity In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9217912. [PMID: 28798936 PMCID: PMC5536148 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9217912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic effects of Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian-Tang decoction (GQD) have been proven clinically. In a pharmacological study conducted on STZ-induced diabetic rats, the constitutive aggregates/sediments of Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian-Tang decoction exhibited stronger hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities compared to the soluble compositions. This study aims to demonstrate the pharmacological properties of aggregates derived from GQD by measuring permeability of the active monomer phytochemicals (e.g., baicalin) in a Caco-2 cell monolayer and determine the cellular viability, intracellular redox status (MDA and SOD), and insulin secretion of pancreatic β-cell line, INS-1, following STZ-induced oxidative stress. The aggregates were separated into three fractions, namely, “MA (microaggregates),” “400 g supernatant,” and “MNA (micro-/nanoaggregates),” by centrifugation at 400 ×g and 15000 ×g, respectively. Aggregates in the sediment increased baicalin absorption, showed little toxicity to β-cells, elevated intracellular SOD levels, and significantly suppressed oxidative damage effects on cellular viability and functions. The “MA” fraction had a larger particle size and provided higher antioxidant cellular protection than “MNA” in vitro, implying that the sediments may be the active components in the herbal decoction. The actions of these micro-/nanoaggregates may provide a new perspective for understanding the antidiabetic effects of herbal decoctions and aid in interpretation of synergistic actions between the multiple components.
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266
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Chao J, Dai Y, Verpoorte R, Lam W, Cheng YC, Pao LH, Zhang W, Chen S. Major achievements of evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine in treating major diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28636884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A long history of use and extensive documentation of the clinical practices of traditional Chinese medicine resulted in a considerable number of classical preparations, which are still widely used. This heritage of our ancestors provides a unique resource for drug discovery. Already, a number of important drugs have been developed from traditional medicines, which in fact form the core of Western pharmacotherapy. Therefore, this article discusses the differences in drug development between traditional medicine and Western medicine. Moreover, the article uses the discovery of artemisinin as an example that illustrates the "bedside-bench-bedside" approach to drug discovery to explain that the middle way for drug development is to take advantage of the best features of these two distinct systems and compensate for certain weaknesses in each. This article also summarizes evidence-based traditional medicines and discusses quality control and quality assessment, the crucial steps in botanical drug development. Herbgenomics may provide effective tools to clarify the molecular mechanism of traditional medicines in the botanical drug development. The totality-of-the-evidence approach used by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for botanical products provides the directions on how to perform quality control from the field throughout the entire production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing; Graduate Institute of Health-Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City; Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Yuntao Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden
| | - Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Graduate Institute of Health-Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing.
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267
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Wang JH, Kim BS, Han K, Kim H. Ephedra-Treated Donor-Derived Gut Microbiota Transplantation Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E555. [PMID: 28545248 PMCID: PMC5486241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gut microbiota (GM) are closely associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes and so on. Several medicinal herbs, including Ephedra sinica (Es), have anti-obesity effects that ameliorate metabolic disorders. Therefore, in this study we evaluated whether Es maintains its anti-obesity effect through Es-altered gut microbiota (EsM) transplantation. GM was isolated from cecal contents of Es treated and untreated rats following repeated transplants into obese rats via oral gavage over three weeks. High-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese rats transplanted with EsM lost significant body weight, epididymal fat, and perirenal fat weight, but no remarkable changes were observed in abdominal fat, liver, cecum weight and food efficiency ratio. In addition, treatment with EsM also significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance index. Meanwhile, EsM transplantation significantly reduced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Rats treated with EsM also showed changed GM composition, especially blautia, roseburia and clostridium, significantly reduced the level of endotoxin and markedly increased the acetic acid in feces. Overall, our results demonstrated that EsM ameliorates HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders, like hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and is strongly associated with modulating the distribution of GM, enterogenous endotoxin and enteral acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road 103, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Kyungsun Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.
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268
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Treatment effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Shenks in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through regulation of TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling and oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2252. [PMID: 28533545 PMCID: PMC5440393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of devastating interstitial lung disease due to the limited therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practices have put forth Shenks as a promising treatment approach. Here, we performed in vivo study and in vitro study to delineate the anti-fibrotic mechanisms behind Shenks treatment for pulmonary fibrosis. We found that regardless of the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment, Shenks was able to attenuate BLM-induced-fibrosis in mice, down regulate extracellular matrix genes expression, and reduce collagen production. The aberrantly high Smad3 phosphorylation levels and SBE activity in TGF-β-induced fibroblasts were dramatically decreased as a result of Shenks treatment. At the same time, Shenks was able to increase the expression of antioxidant-related genes, including Gclc and Ec-sod, while reduce the transcription levels of oxidative-related genes, such as Rac1 and Nox4 demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro studies. Further investigations found that Shenks could decrease the oxidative productions of protein (3-nitrotyrosine) and lipid (malondialdehyde) and increase GSH content both in bleomycin treated mouse lungs and TGF-β stimulated fibroblasts, as well as inhibit the production of ROS stimulated by TGF-β to fight against oxidative stress. Overall, Shenks inhibited fibrosis by blocking TGF-β pathway and modulating the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
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269
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Chen T, Shi Y, Wang X, Wang X, Meng F, Yang S, Yang J, Xin H. High‑throughput sequencing analyses of oral microbial diversity in healthy people and patients with dental caries and periodontal disease. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:127-132. [PMID: 28534987 PMCID: PMC5482155 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of oral diseases caused by antibiotics has brought about an urgent requirement to explore the oral microbial diversity in the human oral cavity. In the present study, the high-throughput sequencing method was adopted to compare the microbial diversity of healthy people and oral patients and sequence analysis was performed by UPARSE software package. The Venn results indicated that a mean of 315 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was obtained, and 73, 64, 53, 19 and 18 common OTUs belonging to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, respectively, were identified in healthy people. Moreover, the reduction of Firmicutes and the increase of Proteobacteria in the children group, and the increase of Firmicutes and the reduction of Proteobacteria in the youth and adult groups, indicated that the age bracket and oral disease had largely influenced the tooth development and microbial development in the oral cavity. In addition, the traditional ‘pathogenic bacteria’ of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (accounted for >95% of the total sequencing number in each group) indicated that the ‘harmful’ bacteria may exert beneficial effects on oral health. Therefore, the data will provide certain clues for curing some oral diseases by the strategy of adjusting the disturbed microbial compositions in oral disease to healthy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Fanjing Meng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Shaoguo Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
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270
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Li X, Wang E, Yin B, Fang D, Chen P, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Effects of Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 on insulin resistance and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:421-432. [PMID: 28504567 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic effect of Lactobacillus is increasingly recognized worldwide. In this research, the hypoglycemic activity of Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 was investigated in mice with high-fat and low-dose streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes. Oral L. casei CCFM419 administration favourably regulated blood glucose balance, increased glucose tolerance and protected islets in the diabetic mice, accompanied by an improvement in lipid metabolism. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance, insulin level and insulin tolerance test and mRNA expression of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway indexes revealed that L. casei CCFM419 had a positive effect on insulin resistance. Furthermore, treatment with L. casei CCFM419 recovered the level of short-chain fatty acids and increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Allobaculum and Bacteriodes. These results demonstrated that L. casei CCFM419 had the potential ability to ameliorate insulin resistance and hyperglycaemic in type 2 diabetic mice through underlying PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and short-chain fatty acids/gut microbiota pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - E Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - B Yin
- 3 Kangyuan Dairy Co., Ltd., Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225004, China P.R
| | - D Fang
- 3 Kangyuan Dairy Co., Ltd., Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225004, China P.R
| | - P Chen
- 5 Shanxi University of Technology, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Hanzhong 723001, China P.R
| | - G Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - J Zhao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - H Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - W Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,4 Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China P.R
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271
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Evivie SE, Huo GC, Igene JO, Bian X. Some current applications, limitations and future perspectives of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1318034. [PMID: 28659729 PMCID: PMC5475324 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1318034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mechanism and non-mechanism-based studies supporting the claim that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains confer health benefits and play immune-modulatory roles were examined in this review. Probiotic applications of LAB on global burdens such as obesity and type-2 diabetes were discussed as well as the use of yoghurt and ice cream as important vehicles to convey several beneficial LAB strains. Probiotic and symbiotic dairy products may be used in the nearest future to treat a variety of health disorders. Current studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic propensities on their hosts and thus can play a crucial role in human health care. Research in the rheological and physicochemical properties of ice cream as well as its applications are also on the increase. These applications face certain hurdles including technological (for less developed countries), consumer acceptability of new functional foods may be influenced by culture, ethics or religion. There is need for more studies on the genetic basis for probiotic properties which will give further understanding regarding novel manipulation skills and applicability in nutrition and health sectors. More studies confirming the direct effects of probiotic LABs in lowering the spread of food-borne and other pathogens are also anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smith Etareri Evivie
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Gui-Cheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
| | - John Oamen Igene
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Xin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
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272
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Yu M, Jia HM, Zhou C, Yang Y, Sun LL, Zou ZM. Urinary and Fecal Metabonomics Study of the Protective Effect of Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San on Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46551. [PMID: 28425490 PMCID: PMC5397834 DOI: 10.1038/srep46551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota dysbiosis and their host metabolic phenotype alteration is an important factor in human disease development. A traditional Chinese herbal formula, Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San (CSGS), has been effectively used in the treatment of various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The present study was carried out to investigate whether CSGS modulates the host metabolic phenotype under the condition of gut microbiota dysbiosis. The metabonomics studies of biochemical changes in urine and feces of antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis rats after treatment with CSGS were performed using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that the CSGS treatment reduced the metabolic phenotype perturbation induced by antibiotic. In addition, there was a strong correlation between gut microbiota genera and urinary and fecal metabolites. Moreover, the correlation analysis and the metabolic pathway analysis (MetPA) identified that three key metabolic pathways including glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and bile acid metabolism were the most relevant pathways involved in antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the protective effects of CSGS on the host metabolic phenotype of the gut microbiota dysbiosis rats, and further as a new source for drug leads in gut microbiota-targeted disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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273
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Feng W, Wang H, Zhang P, Gao C, Tao J, Ge Z, Zhu D, Bi Y. Modulation of gut microbiota contributes to curcumin-mediated attenuation of hepatic steatosis in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1801-1812. [PMID: 28341485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural disruption of gut microbiota contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and modulating the gut microbiota represents a novel strategy for NAFLD prevention. Although previous studies have demonstrated that curcumin alleviates hepatic steatosis, its effect on the gut microbiota modulation has not been investigated. METHODS Next generation sequencing and multivariate analysis were utilized to evaluate the structural changes of gut microbiota in a NAFLD rat model induced by high fat-diet (HFD) feeding. RESULTS We found that curcumin attenuated hepatic ectopic fat deposition, improved intestinal barrier integrity, and alleviated metabolic endotoxemia in HFD-fed rats. More importantly, curcumin dramatically shifted the overall structure of the HFD-disrupted gut microbiota toward that of lean rats fed a normal diet and altered the gut microbial composition. The abundances of 110 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were altered by curcumin. Seventy-six altered OTUs were significantly correlated with one or more hepatic steatosis associated parameters and designated 'functionally relevant phylotypes'. Thirty-six of the 47 functionally relevant OTUs that were positively correlated with hepatic steatosis associated parameters were reduced by curcumin. CONCLUSION These results indicate that curcumin alleviates hepatic steatosis in part through stain-specific impacts on hepatic steatosis associated phylotypes of gut microbiota in rats. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Compounds with antimicrobial activities should be further investigated as novel adjunctive therapies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China.
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274
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Li W, Yuan G, Pan Y, Wang C, Chen H. Network Pharmacology Studies on the Bioactive Compounds and Action Mechanisms of Natural Products for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:74. [PMID: 28280467 PMCID: PMC5322182 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a kind of chronic and metabolic disease, which can cause a number of diseases and severe complications. Network pharmacology approach is introduced to study DM, which can combine the drugs, target proteins and disease and form drug-target-disease networks. Network pharmacology has been widely used in the studies of the bioactive compounds and action mechanisms of natural products for the treatment of DM due to the multi-components, multi-targets, and lower side effects. This review provides a balanced and comprehensive summary on network pharmacology from current studies, highlighting different bioactive constituents, related databases and applications in the investigations on the treatment of DM especially type 2. The mechanisms related to type 2 DM, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, targeting β cell dysfunction, AMPK signal pathway and PI3K/Akt signal pathway are summarized and critiqued. It suggests that the network pharmacology approach cannot only provide a new research paradigm for natural products, but also improve the current antidiabetic drug discovery strategies. Furthermore, we put forward the perspectives on the reasonable applications of network pharmacology for the therapy of DM and related drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
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275
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Lv W, Liu C, Ye C, Sun J, Tan X, Zhang C, Qu Q, Shi D, Guo S. Structural modulation of gut microbiota during alleviation of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with herbal formula. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1622-1629. [PMID: 28219687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is hypothesized to play a critical role in gastrointestinal diseases, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). To determine whether the traditional Chinese herbal formula of Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (SLBZS) modulates the composition of the gut microbiome during AAD treatment, an AAD diarrhea model was prepared in rats by gastric gavage with lincomycin for 7 successive days, followed by administration of SLBZS for one week. At all time points after the SLBZS treatment, the diarrhea rates were significantly or at least numerically lower than that of the untreated model group. Overall structural modulation of the gut microbiome occurred after SLBZS treatment, with reverting effects on the AAD-induced structural variations. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Sutterella was negatively correlated with SLBZS treatment and positively correlated with a lack of treatment, suggesting that Sutterella might be a pivotal phylotype associated with the improvement of AAD. The key phylotypes of the gut microbiome that responded to SLBZS indicated enrichment of beneficial bacteria, and particularly Bacteroides spp. These data therefore demonstrated that structural changes of the gut microbiome are induced by the Chinese herbal formula SLBZS. In conclusion, changes in the gut microbiome are associated with the diarrhea-controlling effect of SLBZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Chunxin Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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276
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Qing-Hua Granule induces GLP-1 secretion via bitter taste receptor in db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:10-17. [PMID: 28213324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Qing-Hua Granule (QHG), the modified formulation of a classical Chinese prescription named Gegen Qinlian Decoction, was clinically employed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). However, the potential mechanism is unknown. We investigate whether QHG induces GLP-1 secretion via activation of bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) pathway in the gastrointestinal tract of db/db mice. The db/db mice were intragastrically (i.g.) administered QHG (low/medium/high dose) once daily for 8 weeks. GLP-1 secretion was evaluated. The bitter receptor signaling pathway, which regulates GLP-1 secretion, including TAS2R5 (a subtype of TAS2R), α-gustducin (Gαgust), 1-phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 (PLCβ2), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The biochemical observations of ileum and pancreas tissue were detected histopathologically. Acquity Ultra Performance LCTM - Micromass ZQ 2000 (UPLC-MS) was used for the phytochemical analysis. QHG exhibited significant and dose-dependent effect on GLP-1 secretion in db/db mice, along with significant up-regulation of TAS2R5 mRNA level and activation of TAS2R pathway (p<0.05). In addition, QHG improved the histopathological structure of ileum and pancreatic tissue. Seventeen compounds were identified in QHG. In conclusion, QHG induces GLP-1 secretion in db/db mice, most likely through the bitter taste receptor pathway.
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277
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Genomic Microdiversity of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Underlying Differential Strain-Level Responses to Dietary Carbohydrate Intervention. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.02348-16. [PMID: 28196965 PMCID: PMC5312088 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02348-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic basis of the response to dietary intervention of human gut beneficial bacteria remains elusive, which hinders precise manipulation of the microbiota for human health. After receiving a dietary intervention enriched with nondigestible carbohydrates for 105 days, a genetically obese child with Prader-Willi syndrome lost 18.4% of his body weight and showed significant improvement in his bioclinical parameters. We obtained five isolates (C1, C15, C55, C62, and C95) of one of the most abundantly promoted beneficial species, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, from a postintervention fecal sample. Intriguingly, these five B. pseudocatenulatum strains showed differential responses during the dietary intervention. Two strains were largely unaffected, while the other three were promoted to different extents by the changes in dietary carbohydrate resources. The differential responses of these strains were consistent with their functional clustering based on the COGs (Clusters of Orthologous Groups), including those involved with the ABC-type sugar transport systems, suggesting that the strain-specific genomic variations may have contributed to the niche adaption. Particularly, B. pseudocatenulatum C15, which had the most diverse types and highest gene copy numbers of carbohydrate-active enzymes targeting plant polysaccharides, had the highest abundance after the dietary intervention. These studies show the importance of understanding genomic diversity of specific members of the gut microbiota if precise nutrition approaches are to be realized. The manipulation of the gut microbiota via dietary approaches is a promising option for improving human health. Our findings showed differential responses of multiple B. pseudocatenulatum strains isolated from the same habitat to the dietary intervention, as well as strain-specific correlations with bioclinical parameters of the host. The comparative genomics revealed a genome-level microdiversity of related functional genes, which may have contributed to these differences. These results highlight the necessity of understanding strain-level differences if precise manipulation of gut microbiota through dietary approaches is to be realized.
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278
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Evidence-Based TAM Classic Herbal Formula: From Myth to Science. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9493076. [PMID: 28246542 PMCID: PMC5299190 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9493076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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279
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Xu J, Chen HB, Li SL. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1140-1185. [PMID: 28052344 DOI: 10.1002/med.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever-increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota-metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM-targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China
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280
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Anand S, Kaur H, Mande SS. Comparative In silico Analysis of Butyrate Production Pathways in Gut Commensals and Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1945. [PMID: 27994578 PMCID: PMC5133246 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of butyrate by commensal bacteria plays a crucial role in maintenance of human gut health while dysbiosis in gut microbiome has been linked to several enteric disorders. Contrastingly, butyrate shows cytotoxic effects in patients with oral diseases like periodontal infections and oral cancer. In addition to these host associations, few syntrophic bacteria couple butyrate degradation with sulfate reduction and methane production. Thus, it becomes imperative to understand the distribution of butyrate metabolism pathways and delineate differences in substrate utilization between pathogens and commensals. The bacteria utilize four pathways for butyrate production with different initial substrates (Pyruvate, 4-aminobutyrate, Glutarate and Lysine) which follow a polyphyletic distribution. A comprehensive mining of complete/draft bacterial genomes indicated conserved juxtaposed genomic arrangement in all these pathways. This gene context information was utilized for an accurate annotation of butyrate production pathways in bacterial genomes. Interestingly, our analysis showed that inspite of a beneficial impact of butyrate in gut, not only commensals, but a few gut pathogens also possess butyrogenic pathways. The results further illustrated that all the gut commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Butyrivibrio, and commensal species of Clostridia etc) ferment pyruvate for butyrate production. On the contrary, the butyrogenic gut pathogen Fusobacterium utilizes different amino acid metabolism pathways like those for Glutamate (4-aminobutyrate and Glutarate) and Lysine for butyrogenesis which leads to a concomitant release of harmful by-products like ammonia in the process. The findings in this study indicate that commensals and pathogens in gut have divergently evolved to produce butyrate using distinct pathways. No such evolutionary selection was observed in oral pathogens (Porphyromonas and Filifactor) which showed presence of pyruvate as well as amino acid fermenting pathways which might be because the final product butyrate is itself known to be cytotoxic in oral diseases. This differential utilization of butyrogenic pathways in gut pathogens and commensals has an enormous ecological impact taking into consideration the immense influence of butyrate on different disorders in humans. The results of this study can potentially guide bioengineering experiments to design therapeutics/probiotics by manipulation of butyrate biosynthesis gene clusters in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadha Anand
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Pune, India
| | - Harrisham Kaur
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Pune, India
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Pune, India
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281
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Li D, Wang P, Wang P, Hu X, Chen F. The gut microbiota: A treasure for human health. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1210-1224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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282
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He L, Wang H, Gu C, He X, Zhao L, Tong X. Administration of Traditional Chinese Blood Circulation Activating Drugs for Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1081657. [PMID: 27830156 PMCID: PMC5088336 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important complementary strategy for treating diabetes mellitus (DM) in China. Traditional Chinese blood circulation activating drugs are intended to guide an overall approach to the prevention and treatment of microvascular complications of DM. The core mechanism is related to the protection of the vascular endothelium and the basement membrane. Here, we reviewed the scientific evidence underpinning the use of blood circulation activating drugs to prevent and treat DM-induced microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Furthermore, we summarized the effects and mechanism of TCM on improving blood rheology, inhibiting aggregation of platelet, forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs), regulating oxidative stress, reducing blood fat, and improving lipid metabolism. The paper provides a new theoretical basis for the clinical practice of TCM in the prevention and treatment of DM and its microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha He
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Han Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chengjuan Gu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xinhui He
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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283
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Fang X, Wang X, Yang S, Meng F, Wang X, Wei H, Chen T. Evaluation of the Microbial Diversity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using High-Throughput Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1479. [PMID: 27703453 PMCID: PMC5028383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more evidences indicate that diseases of the central nervous system have been seriously affected by fecal microbes. However, little work is done to explore interaction between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fecal microbes. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing method was used to compare the intestinal microbial diversity of healthy people and ALS patients. The principal coordinate analysis, Venn and unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) showed an obvious microbial changes between healthy people (group H) and ALS patients (group A), and the average ratios of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Anaerostipes, Prevotella, Escherichia, and Lachnospira at genus level between ALS patients and healthy people were 0.78, 2.18, 3.41, 0.35, 0.79, and 13.07. Furthermore, the decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at phylum level using LEfSE (LDA > 4.0), together with the significant increased genus Dorea (harmful microorganisms) and significant reduced genus Oscillibacter, Anaerostipes, Lachnospiraceae (beneficial microorganisms) in ALS patients, indicated that the imbalance in intestinal microflora constitution had a strong association with the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoguo Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Fanjing Meng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
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284
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Hippe B, Remely M, Aumueller E, Pointner A, Magnet U, Haslberger A. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii phylotypes in type two diabetic, obese, and lean control subjects. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:511-7. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the main butyrate producers in the healthy human gut. Information on its genetic diversity is lacking, although two genetic phylotypes have been differentiated. In the present study, F. prausnitzii phylotypes were examined in faeces of obese and type two diabetes with similar eating behaviour compared to a lean control group. The purpose of the study was to analyse if an excessive butyrate production induced by different F. prausnitzii phylotypes discriminates between obese developing type two diabetes or not. The faecal samples were analysed for the total abundance of F. prausnitzii 16S rRNA copies, fragment lengths polymorphism, high resolution melt curve analysis (HRM) and the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene copies and melt curve variances. The diabetic group was found to differ significantly from the lean control group in the results of qPCR, butyryl-CoA:acetyate CoA-transferase gene melt curve, and HRM. F. prausnitzii phylotypes differed in obese with and without developed diabetes type two. Different phylotypes of F. prausnitzii may lead to differences in the inflammatory genesis in the host. F. prausnitzii phylotypes may have an influence on developing type two diabetes and might also act as starting points for prevention and therapy of obesity associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Hippe
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstr. 14, UZA 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Remely
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstr. 14, UZA 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - E. Aumueller
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstr. 14, UZA 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Pointner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstr. 14, UZA 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - U. Magnet
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstr. 14, UZA 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A.G. Haslberger
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstr. 14, UZA 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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285
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Wang X, Hu X, Deng K, Cheng X, Wei J, Jiang M, Wang X, Chen T. High-throughput sequencing of microbial diversity in implant-associated infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:307-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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286
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The Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Decoction in Type 2 Diabetes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5473015. [PMID: 27656237 PMCID: PMC5021493 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5473015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background. The study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal decoction in treating outpatients with T2DM. Methods. All patients enrolled received decoction for at least 6 months. The primary outcome was the control rate of HbA1c and the change in HbA1c. FPG, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β were also collected and evaluated. Results. The control rates after treatment at months 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 were 45.07%, 52.78%, 47.22%, 45.83%, 50.00%, 57.14%, and 40.00%. Multiple linear regression showed the change of HbA1c has a significant relationship with the baseline HbA1c and duration of DM and BMI (p < 0.05). Both FPG and 2hPG levels significantly decreased compared to the baseline (p < 0.05). Chinese herbal decoction also improved islet cell function with decreased HOMA-IR and increased HOMA-β (p < 0.05). 19 and 4 subjects deactivated the antidiabetes drugs or insulin, respectively, after taking decoction. One subject developed DKD and one developed DPN, and another subject showed abnormal liver function which was irrelevant to decoction treatment. Conclusions. Chinese herbal decoction significantly enhanced the hypoglycemic action and had certain effect on protecting islet cell function. As a candidate diabetes therapy, it may reduce the use of antidiabetes drugs and slow the progression to diabetes complications.
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287
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Li M, Shu X, Xu H, Zhang C, Yang L, Zhang L, Ji G. Integrative analysis of metabolome and gut microbiota in diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats treated with berberine compounds. J Transl Med 2016; 14:237. [PMID: 27495782 PMCID: PMC4975912 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia is a major component of metabolic syndrome, and often predicts cardiovascular diseases. We developed a new therapeutic agent berberine compounds (BC), consisting of berberine, oryzanol and vitamin B6, and determined their anti-hyperlipidemia activity and underlying mechanisms. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidemia, and then given BC orally for 4 weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly, and lipid profiles in serum were determined biochemically. Metabolites in serum, urine, liver and feces were analyzed by GC–MS, and the structure of microbiota was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results Lipid lowering was observed in the hyperlipidemic rats upon BC treatment without apparent adverse side effects. Metabolomics analysis indicated that the BC treatment resulted in increased pyruvic acid, serotonin, and ketogenic and glycogenic amino acid levels in the serum, increased pyridoxine and 4-pyridoxic acid in the urine, decreased hypotaurine and methionine in the liver, and increased putrescine and decreased deoxycholate and lithocholate in feces. The BC treatment also resulted in an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides, Blautia) and a decrease in Escherichia. Conclusions The lipid lowering effect of BC treatment in hyperlipidemic rats is associated with a global change in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids, as well as the structure of microbiota. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0987-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiangbing Shu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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288
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Zhang X, Zheng X, Yuan Y. Treatment of insulin resistance: straight from the gut. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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289
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Huang J, Chen L, Xue B, Liu Q, Ou S, Wang Y, Peng X. Different Flavonoids Can Shape Unique Gut Microbiota ProfileIn Vitro. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H2273-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan Univ; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Long Chen
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan Univ; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Bin Xue
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan Univ; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Qianyue Liu
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan Univ; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan Univ; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Yong Wang
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan Univ; Guangzhou 510630 China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Oil and Fat Biorefinery; Jinan Univ; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan Univ; Guangzhou 510630 China
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290
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Wang J, Jia H. Metagenome-wide association studies: fine-mining the microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 2016; 14:508-22. [PMID: 27396567 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metagenome-wide association studies (MWAS) have enabled the high-resolution investigation of associations between the human microbiome and several complex diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, liver cirrhosis, colorectal cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The associations that can be identified by MWAS are not limited to the identification of taxa that are more or less abundant, as is the case with taxonomic approaches, but additionally include the identification of microbial functions that are enriched or depleted. In this Review, we summarize recent findings from MWAS and discuss how these findings might inform the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human disease in the future. Furthermore, we highlight the need to better characterize the biology of many of the bacteria that are found in the human microbiota as an essential step in understanding how bacterial strains that have been identified by MWAS are associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- iCarbonX, Shahe Industrial Zone, No.4018 Qiaoxiang Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huijue Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
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291
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Wang Q, Song W, Qiao X, Ji S, Kuang Y, Zhang ZX, Bo T, Guo DA, Ye M. Simultaneous quantification of 50 bioactive compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine formula Gegen-Qinlian decoction using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1454:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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292
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Wang J, Tang H, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Shen J. The structural alteration of gut microbiota in low-birth-weight mice undergoing accelerated postnatal growth. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27780. [PMID: 27277748 PMCID: PMC4899793 DOI: 10.1038/srep27780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient disruption of gut microbiota in infancy by antibiotics causes adult adiposity in mice. Accelerated postnatal growth (A) leads to a higher risk of adult metabolic syndrome in low birth-weight (LB) humans than in normal birth-weight (NB) individuals, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we set up an experiment using LB + A mice, NB + A mice, and control mice with NB and normal postnatal growth. At 24 weeks of age (adulthood), while NB + A animals had a normal body fat content and glucose tolerance compared with controls, LB + A mice exhibited excessive adiposity and glucose intolerance. In infancy, more fecal bacteria implicated in obesity were increased in LB + A pups than in NB + A pups, including Desulfovibrionaceae, Enterorhabdus, and Barnesiella. One bacterium from the Lactobacillus genus, which has been implicated in prevention of adult adiposity, was enhanced only in NB + A pups. Besides, LB + A pups, but not NB + A pups, showed disrupted gut microbiota fermentation activity. After weaning, the fecal microbiota composition of LB + A mice, but not that of NB + A animals, became similar to that of controls by 24 weeks. In infancy, LB + A mice have a more dysbiotic gut microbiome compared to NB + A mice, which might increase their risk of adult metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Menghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jian Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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293
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Impact of gut microbiota on diabetes mellitus. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 42:303-315. [PMID: 27179626 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various functions of the gut are regulated by sophisticated interactions among its functional elements, including the gut microbiota. These microorganisms play a crucial role in gastrointestinal mucosa permeability. They control the fermentation and absorption of dietary polysaccharides to produce short-chain fatty acids, which may explain their importance in the regulation of fat accumulation and the subsequent development of obesity-related diseases, suggesting that they are a crucial mediator of obesity and its consequences. In addition, gut bacteria play a crucial role in the host immune system, modulation of inflammatory processes, extraction of energy from the host diet and alterations of human gene expression. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota has been shown to confer a number of health benefits to the host. Simple therapeutic strategies targeted at attenuating the progression of chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance are urgently required to prevent or slow the development of diabetes in susceptible individuals. The main objective of this review is to address the pathogenic association between gut microbiota and diabetes, and to explore any novel related therapeutic targets. New insights into the role of the gut microbiota in diabetes could lead to the development of integrated strategies using probiotics to prevent and treat these metabolic disorders.
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294
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Abstract
The gut microbiota exerts a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and deviations from a mutualistic ecosystem layout are considered a key environmental factor contributing to the disease. Thus, the possibility of improving metabolic control in T2D by correcting gut microbiome dysbioses through diet has been evaluated. Here, we explore the potential of two different energy-restricted dietary approaches - the fibre-rich macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet or a control diet recommended by Italian professional societies for T2D treatment - to correct gut microbiota dysbioses in T2D patients. In a previous 21-d open-label MADIAB trial, fifty-six overweight T2D patients were randomised to the Ma-Pi 2 or the control diet. For the present study, stools were collected before and after intervention from a subset of forty MADIAB participants, allowing us to characterise the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing and imputed metagenomics. To highlight microbiota dysbioses in T2D, the gut microbiota of thirteen normal-weight healthy controls were characterised. According to our findings, both diets were effective in modulating gut microbiome dysbioses in T2D, resulting in an increase of the ecosystem diversity and supporting the recovery of a balanced community of health-promoting SCFA producers, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Lachnospira, Bacteroides and Akkermansia. The Ma-Pi 2 diet, but not the control diet, was also effective in counteracting the increase of possible pro-inflammatory groups, such as Collinsella and Streptococcus, in the gut ecosystem, showing the potential to reverse pro-inflammatory dysbioses in T2D, and possibly explaining the greater efficacy in improving the metabolic control.
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295
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Molecular Insight into Gut Microbiota and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:431. [PMID: 27011180 PMCID: PMC4813281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorder. Gut microbiota play an important role in the etiology of RA. With the considerable progress made in next-generation sequencing techniques, the identified gut microbiota difference between RA patients and healthy individuals provides an updated overview of the association between gut microbiota and RA. We reviewed the reported correlation and underlying molecular mechanisms among gut microbiota, the immune system, and RA. It has become known that gut microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of RA via multiple molecular mechanisms. The progressive understanding of the dynamic interaction between gut microbiota and their host will help in establishing a highly individualized management for each RA patient, and achieve a better efficacy in clinical practice, or even discovering new drugs for RA.
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296
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Impact of 4-epi-oxytetracycline on the gut microbiota and blood metabolomics of Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23141. [PMID: 26976662 PMCID: PMC4791543 DOI: 10.1038/srep23141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of 4-epi-oxytetracycline (4-EOTC), one of the main oxytetracycline (OTC) metabolites, on the gut microbiota and physiological metabolism of Wistar rats was analyzed to explore the dynamic alterations apparent after repeated oral exposure (0.5, 5.0 or 50.0 mg/kg bw) for 15 days as shown by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Both principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed consistently altered patterns with distinct differences in the treated groups versus the control groups. 4-EOTC treatment at 5.0 or 50.0 mg/kg increased the relative abundance of the Actinobacteria, specifically Bifidobacteriaceae, and improved the synthesis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), as shown by the lipid biomarkers LysoPC(16:0), LysoPC(18:3), LysoPC(20:3), and LysoPC(20:4). The metabolomic analysis of urine samples also identified four other decreased metabolites: diacylglycerol, sphingomyelin, triacylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. Notably, the significant changes observed in these biomarkers demonstrated the ongoing disorder induced by 4-EOTC. Blood and urine analysis revealed that residual 4-EOTC accumulated in the rats, even two weeks after oral 4-EOTC administration, ceased. Thus, through thorough analysis, it can be concluded that the alteration of the gut microbiota and disorders in blood metabolomics are correlated with 4-EOTC treatment.
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297
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Gut microbiota-involved mechanisms in enhancing systemic exposure of ginsenosides by coexisting polysaccharides in ginseng decoction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22474. [PMID: 26932472 PMCID: PMC4774164 DOI: 10.1038/srep22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral decoctions of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) serve for therapeutic and prophylactic management of diseases for centuries. Small molecules and polysaccharides are the dominant chemicals co-occurred in the TCM decoction. Small molecules are well-studied by multidisciplinary elaborations, whereas the role of polysaccharides remains largely elusive. Here we explore a gut microbiota-involved mechanism by which TCM polysaccharides restore the homeostasis of gut microbiota and consequently promote the systemic exposure of concomitant small molecules in the decoction. As a case study, ginseng polysaccharides and ginsenosides in Du-Shen-Tang, the decoction of ginseng, were investigated on an over-fatigue and acute cold stress model. The results indicated that ginseng polysaccharides improved intestinal metabolism and absorption of certain ginsenosides, meanwhile reinstated the perturbed holistic gut microbiota, and particularly enhanced the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp., two major metabolic bacteria of ginsenosides. By exploring the synergistic actions of polysaccharides with small molecules, these findings shed new light on scientization and rationalization of the classic TCM decoctions in human health care.
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298
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Louis S, Tappu RM, Damms-Machado A, Huson DH, Bischoff SC. Characterization of the Gut Microbial Community of Obese Patients Following a Weight-Loss Intervention Using Whole Metagenome Shotgun Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149564. [PMID: 26919743 PMCID: PMC4769288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Cross-sectional studies suggested that obesity is promoted by the gut microbiota. However, longitudinal data on taxonomic and functional changes in the gut microbiota of obese patients are scarce. The aim of this work is to study microbiota changes in the course of weight loss therapy and the following year in obese individuals with or without co-morbidities, and to asses a possible predictive value of the gut microbiota with regard to weight loss maintenance. Subjects/Methods Sixteen adult patients, who followed a 52-week weight-loss program comprising low calorie diet, exercise and behavioral therapy, were selected according to their weight-loss course. Over two years, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed and microbiota from stool samples was functionally and taxonomically analyzed using DNA shotgun sequencing. Results Overall the microbiota responded to the dietetic and lifestyle intervention but tended to return to the initial situation both at the taxonomical and functional level at the end of the intervention after one year, except for an increase in Akkermansia abundance which remained stable over two years (12.7x103 counts, 95%CI: 322–25100 at month 0; 141x103 counts, 95%CI: 49-233x103 at month 24; p = 0.005). The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (0.64, 95%CI: 0.34–0.95) than in the “healthy obese” (0.27, 95%CI: 0.08–0.45, p = 0.04). Participants, who succeeded in losing their weight consistently over the two years, had at baseline a microbiota enriched in Alistipes, Pseudoflavonifractor and enzymes of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway compared to patients who were less successful in weight reduction. Conclusions Successful weight reduction in the obese is accompanied with increased Akkermansia numbers in feces. Metabolic co-morbidities are associated with a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Most interestingly, microbiota differences might allow discrimination between successful and unsuccessful weight loss prior to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Louis
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Antje Damms-Machado
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel H. Huson
- Algorithms in Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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299
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Zhang Q, Xu G, Li J, Guo X, Wang H, Li B, Tu J, Zhang H. Metabonomic study on the plasma of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with Ge Gen Qin Lian Decoction by ultra high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:175-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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300
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Zha LH, He LS, Lian FM, Zhen Z, Ji HY, Xu LP, Tong XL. Clinical Strategy for Optimal Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Herbal Dose Selection in Disease Therapeutics: Expert Consensus on Classic TCM Herbal Formula Dose Conversion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 43:1515-24. [PMID: 26621440 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1550086x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical therapeutics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutes a complicated process which involves theory, diagnosis, and formula prescription with specific herbal dosage. Zhang Zhong-Jing’s classic work, Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, has been influencing TCM practice for almost 2000 years. However, during this extended period of time in Chinese history, the Chinese weight measurement system experienced noticeable changes. This change in the weight measurement system inevitably, and perhaps even negatively, affected TCM herbal dosage determination and treatment outcome. Thus, in modern society, a full understanding of the accuracy of herbal dose selection has a critical importance in the TCM daily practice of delivering the best treatment to the patients suffering from different illnesses. In the 973 Project of the Chinese National Basic Research Program, expert consensus on classic TCM formula dose conversion has been reached based on extensive literature review and discussion on the dose–effect relationship of classic TCM formulas. One “liang” (两) in classic TCM formulas is equivalent to 13.8[Formula: see text]g. However, based on many TCM basic and clinical studies of variable herbal formula prescriptions and herbal drug preparations, the rule of one liang equals 13.8[Formula: see text]g should be adjusted according to different disease conditions. Recommended by the committee on TCM formula dose–effect relationship of the China Association of Chinese Medicine and the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, the following expert consensus has been reached: (i) One liang converts to 6–9[Formula: see text]g for the severely and critically ill patients. (ii) One liang converts to 3–6[Formula: see text]g for the patients suffering from chronic diseases. (iii) One liang converts to 1–3[Formula: see text]g in preventive medicine. The above conversions should be used as a future TCM practice guideline. Using this recommended guideline should enhance the effectiveness of daily TCM practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hua Zha
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Li-Sha He
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hang-Yu Ji
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Li-Peng Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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