251
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Liao Z, Paasch S, Xu S, Zhao R, Brunner E, Bonn M, Wang HI, Heine T, Wang M, Mai Y, Feng X. A Thiophene Backbone Enables Two-Dimensional Poly(arylene vinylene)s with High Charge Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305978. [PMID: 37271733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear conjugated polymers have attracted significant attention in organic electronics in recent decades. However, despite intrachain π-delocalization, interchain hopping is their transport bottleneck. In contrast, two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers, as represented by 2D π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (2D c-COFs), can provide multiple conjugated strands to enhance the delocalization of charge carriers in space. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of thiophene-based 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s (PAVs, 2DPAV-BDT-BT and 2DPAV-BDT-BP, BDT=benzodithiophene, BT=bithiophene, BP=biphenyl) via Knoevenagel polycondensation. Compared with 2DPAV-BDT-BP, the fully thiophene-based 2DPAV-BDT-BT exhibits enhanced planarity and π-delocalization with a small band gap (1.62 eV) and large electronic band dispersion, as revealed by the optical absorption and density functional calculations. Remarkably, temperature-dependent terahertz spectroscopy discloses a unique band-like transport and outstanding room-temperature charge mobility for 2DPAV-BDT-BT (65 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), which far exceeds that of the linear PAVs, 2DPAV-BDT-BP, and the reported 2D c-COFs in the powder form. This work highlights the great potential of thiophene-based 2D PAVs as candidates for high-performance opto-electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hongde Yu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, (Germany)
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252
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Harwell J, Samuel IDW. Nanoimprint Lithography as a Route to Nanoscale Back-Contact Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:14940-14947. [PMID: 37649832 PMCID: PMC10463217 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Back-contact perovskite solar cells are of great interest because they could achieve higher performance than conventional designs while also eliminating the need for transparent conductors. Current research in this field has focused on making electrode structures with reduced widths to collect charges more efficiently, but current lift-off-based fabrication techniques have struggled to achieve electrode widths smaller than 1000 nm and are difficult to implement on large areas. We demonstrate nanoimprint lithography in an etch-down procedure as a simple and easily scalable method to produce honeycomb-shaped, quasi-interdigitated electrode structures with widths as small as 230 nm. We then use electrodeposition to selectively deposit conformal coatings of a range of different hole-selective layers and explore how the efficiency of back-contact perovskite solar cells changes as the feature sizes are pushed into the nanoscale. We find that the efficiency of the resulting devices remains almost unchanged as the electrode width is varied from 230 to 2000 nm, which differs from reported device simulations. Our results suggest that reducing recombination and improving the quality of the charge transport layers, rather than reducing the minimum feature size, are likely to be the best pathway to maximizing the performance of back-contact perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Harwell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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253
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Spooner ELK, Cassella EJ, Smith JA, Catley TE, Burholt S, Lidzey DG. Air-Knife-Assisted Spray Coating of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39625-39635. [PMID: 37428479 PMCID: PMC10450690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have risen dramatically since the introduction of the "Y-series" of non-fullerene acceptors. However, the demonstration of rapid scalable deposition techniques to deposit such systems is rare. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the deposition of a Y-series-based system using ultrasonic spray coating─a technique with the potential for significantly faster deposition speeds than most traditional meniscus-based methods. Through the use of an air-knife to rapidly remove the casting solvent, we can overcome film reticulation, allowing the drying dynamics to be controlled without the use of solvent additives, heating the substrate, or heating the casting solution. The air-knife also facilitates the use of a non-halogenated, low-toxicity solvent, resulting in industrially relevant, spray-coated PM6:DTY6 devices with PCEs of up to 14.1%. We also highlight the obstacles for scalable coating of Y-series-based solar cells, in particular the influence of slower drying times on blend morphology and crystallinity. This work demonstrates the compatibility of ultrasonic spray coating, and use of an air-knife, with high-speed, roll-to-roll OSC manufacturing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. K. Spooner
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PY, United Kingdom
| | - Elena J. Cassella
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United
Kingdom
| | - Joel A. Smith
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Catley
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United
Kingdom
| | - Sam Burholt
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United
Kingdom
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254
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Balasubramanian S, León-Luna MÁ, Romero B, Madsen M, Turkovic V. Vitamin C for Photo-Stable Non-fullerene-acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39647-39656. [PMID: 37552771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of the new class of organic molecules, the so-called non-fullerene acceptors, has resulted in skyrocketing power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells. However, rapid degradation occurs under illumination, particularly when photocatalytic metal oxide electron transport layers are used in these devices. We introduced vitamin C (ascorbic acid) into the organic solar cells as a photostabilizer and systematically studied its photostabilizing effect on inverted PBDB-T:IT-4F devices. The presence of vitamin C as an antioxidant layer between the ZnO electron transport layer and the photoactive layer strongly suppressed the photocatalytic effect of ZnO that induces NFA photodegradation. Upon 96 h of exposure to AM 1.5G 1 Sun irradiation, the reference devices lost 64% of their initial efficiency, while those containing vitamin C lost only 38%. The UV-visible absorption, impedance spectroscopy, and light-dependent voltage and current measurements reveal that vitamin C reduces the photobleaching of NFA molecules and suppresses the charge recombination. This simple approach using a low-cost, naturally occurring antioxidant, provides an efficient strategy for improving photostability of organic semiconductor-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambathkumar Balasubramanian
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Miguel Ángel León-Luna
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Electronic Technology Area, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles 28933, Spain
| | - Morten Madsen
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
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255
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Ham G, Lee D, Park C, Cha H. Charge Carrier Dynamics in Non-Fullerene Acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cells: Investigating the Influence of Processing Additives Using Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5712. [PMID: 37630003 PMCID: PMC10456882 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation into the charge generation mechanism in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells employing non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) both with and without the presence of processing additives. While photovoltaic devices based on Y6 or BTP-eC9 have shown remarkable power conversion efficiencies, the underlying charge generation mechanism in polymer:NFA blends remains poorly understood. To shed light on this, we employ transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy to elucidate the charge transfer pathway within a blend of the donor polymer PM6 and NFAs. Interestingly, the charge carrier lifetimes of neat Y6 and BTP-eC9 are comparable, both reaching up to 20 ns. However, the PM6:BTP-eC9 blend exhibits substantially higher charge carrier generation and a longer carrier lifetime compared to PM6:Y6 blend films, leading to superior performance. By comparing TA data obtained from PM6:Y6 or PM6:BTP-eC9 blend films with and without processing additives, we observe significantly enhanced charge carrier generation and prolonged charge carrier lifetimes in the presence of these additives. These findings underscore the potential of manipulating excited species as a promising avenue for further enhancing the performance of organic solar cells. Moreover, this understanding contributes to the advancement of NFA-based systems and the optimization of charge transfer processes in polymer:NFA blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayoung Ham
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Damin Lee
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwoo Park
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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256
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Meng K, Guo L, Sun X. Strategies and applications of generating spin polarization in organic semiconductors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1132-1154. [PMID: 37424331 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The advent of spintronics has undoubtedly revolutionized data storage, processing, and sensing applications. Organic semiconductors (OSCs), characterized by long spin relaxation times (>μs) and abundant spin-dependent properties, have emerged as promising materials for advanced spintronic applications. To successfully implement spin-related functions in organic spintronic devices, the four fundamental processes of spin generation, transport, manipulation, and detection form the main building blocks and are commonly in demand. Thereinto, the effective generation of spin polarization in OSCs is a precondition, but in practice, this has not been an easy task. In this context, considerable efforts have been made on this topic, covering novel materials systems, spin-dependent theories, and device fabrication technologies. In this review, we underline recent advances in external spin injection and organic property-induced spin polarization, according to the distinction between the sources of spin polarization. We focused mainly on summarizing and discussing both the physical mechanism and representative research on spin generation in OSCs, especially for various spin injection methods, organic magnetic materials, the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect, and the spinterface effect. Finally, the challenges and prospects that allow this topic to continue to be dynamic were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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257
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Liu F, Wang W, Su W, Liu W, Liu S, Zhang W, Hou J, Xu S, Yi Y, Zhu X. Suppressing electron-phonon coupling in organic photovoltaics for high-efficiency power conversion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5079. [PMID: 37604923 PMCID: PMC10442373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonradiative energy loss (∆Enr) is a critical factor to limit the efficiency of organic solar cells. Generally, strong electron-phonon coupling induced by molecular motion generates fast nonradiative decay and causes high ∆Enr. How to restrict molecular motion and achieve a low ∆Enr is a sticking point. Herein, the free volume ratio (FVR) is proposed as an indicator to evaluate molecular motion, providing new molecular design rationale to suppress nonradiative decay. Theoretical and experimental results indicate proper proliferation of alkyl side-chain can decrease FVR and restrict molecular motion, leading to reduced electron-phonon coupling while maintaining ideal nanomorphology. The reduced FVR and favorable morphology are simultaneously obtained in AQx-6 with pinpoint alkyl chain proliferation, achieving a high PCE of 18.6% with optimized VOC, JSC and FF. Our study discovered aggregation-state regulation is of great importance to the reduction of electron-phonon coupling, which paves the way to high-efficiency OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenli Su
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics, Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Songjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics, Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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258
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Wang Y, Zhao C, Cai Z, Wang L, Zhu L, Huang H, Zhang G, You P, Xie C, Wang Y, Bai Q, Yang T, Li S, Zhang G. All-Polymer Solar Cells Sequentially Solution Processed from Hydrocarbon Solvent with a Thick Active Layer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3462. [PMID: 37631520 PMCID: PMC10459458 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained increasing attention. Among the various directions in OSCs, all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have emerged as a highly promising and currently active research area due to their excellent film formation properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stabilities. However, most of the high-efficiency all-PSCs are processed from chloroform with an active layer thickness of ~100 nm. In order to meet the requirements for industrialization, a thicker active layer processed from low-vapor pressure solvents (preferentially a hydrocarbon solvent) is strongly desired. Herein, we employ toluene (a hydrocarbon solvent with a much higher boiling point than chloroform) and a method known as sequential processing (SqP) to mitigate the rapid decline in efficiency with increasing film thickness. We show that SqP enables a more favorable vertical phase segregation that leads to less trap-assisted recombination and enhanced charge extraction and lifetime than blend-cast devices at higher film thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Ziqi Cai
- Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.C.)
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Liangxiang Zhu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Hui Huang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Guoping Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Peng You
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Chen Xie
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Qing Bai
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.C.)
| | - Shunpu Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (G.Z.)
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259
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Müller J, Comí M, Eisner F, Azzouzi M, Herrera Ruiz D, Yan J, Attar SS, Al-Hashimi M, Nelson J. Charge-Transfer State Dissociation Efficiency Can Limit Free Charge Generation in Low-Offset Organic Solar Cells. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:3387-3397. [PMID: 37588019 PMCID: PMC10425975 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the charge-generation processes limiting the performance of low-offset organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells by studying a series of newly synthesized PBDB-T-derivative donor polymers whose ionisation energy (IE) is tuned via functional group (difluorination or cyanation) and backbone (thiophene or selenophene bridge) modifications. When blended with the acceptor Y6, the series present heterojunction donor-acceptor IE offsets (ΔEIE) ranging from 0.22 to 0.59 eV. As expected, small ΔEIE decrease nonradiative voltage losses but severely suppresses photocurrent generation. We explore the origin of this reduced charge-generation efficiency at low ΔEIE through a combination of opto-electronic and spectroscopic measurements and molecular and device-level modeling. We find that, in addition to the expected decrease in local exciton dissociation efficiency, reducing ΔEIE also strongly reduces the charge transfer (CT) state dissociation efficiency, demonstrating that poor CT-state dissociation can limit the performance of low-offset heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda
Simone Müller
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Comí
- Department
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, Education City,
P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Flurin Eisner
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Herrera Ruiz
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Yan
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School
of Science and Engineering, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, P. R. China
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, Education City,
P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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260
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Su M, Lin M, Mo S, Chen J, Shen X, Xiao Y, Wang M, Gao J, Dang L, Huang XC, He F, Wu Q. Manipulating the Alkyl Chains of Naphthodithiophene Imide-Based Polymers to Concurrently Boost the Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37371-37380. [PMID: 37515570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Morphology instability holds the major responsibility for efficiency degradation of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, how to develop polymer donors simultaneously with high efficiency and excellent morphology stability remains challenging. Herein, we reported naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-5,6-imide (NDTI)-based new polymers PNDT1 and PNDT2. The alkyl chain engineering leads to high crystallinity, high hole mobility (>10-3 cm2 V-1 S-1), and nanofibrous film morphology, which enable PNDT2 to exhibit an efficiency of 18.13% and a remarkable FF value of 0.80. Moreover, the NDTIs have short π-π stacking and abundant short interactions, and their polymers exhibit superior morphological stability. Therefore, the PNDT2-based OSCs exhibit much better device stability than that of PNDT1, PAB-α, and benchmark polymers PM6 and D18. This work suggests the great importance of the large conjugated backbone of the monomer and alkyl chain engineering to develop high-performance and morphology-stable polymers for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbin Su
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Songmin Mo
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515063, China
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261
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Malhotra P, Biswas S, Sharma GD. Directed Message Passing Neural Network for Predicting Power Conversion Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37741-37747. [PMID: 37490851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a promising technology for renewable energy generation, and researchers are constantly exploring ways to improve their efficiency. For prediction of photovoltaic properties in OSCs, many machine learning models have been used in the past. All the models are used with fixed molecular descriptors and molecular fingerprints as input for power conversion efficiency (PCE) prediction. Recently, the graph neural network (GNN), which can model graph structures of the molecule, has received increasing attention as a method that could potentially overcome the limitations of fixed descriptors by learning the task-specific representations using graph convolutions. In this study, we have used the directed message passing neural network (D-MPNN), an emerging type of GNN for predicting PCE of organic solar cells, and the results are compared for the same train and test set with fixed descriptors and fingerprints. The excellent performance demonstrated by the D-MPNN model in this investigation highlights its potential for predicting PCE, surpassing the limitations of conventional fixed descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Malhotra
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
| | - Subhayan Biswas
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
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262
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Liang H, Bi X, Chen H, He T, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Ma K, Feng W, Ma Z, Long G, Li C, Kan B, Zhang H, Rakitin OA, Wan X, Yao Z, Chen Y. A rare case of brominated small molecule acceptors for high-efficiency organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4707. [PMID: 37543678 PMCID: PMC10404295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that bromine possesses similar properties but extra merits of easily synthesizing and polarizing comparing to homomorphic fluorine and chlorine, it is quite surprising very rare high-performance brominated small molecule acceptors have been reported. This may be caused by undesirable film morphologies stemming from relatively larger steric hindrance and excessive crystallinity of bromides. To maximize the advantages of bromides while circumventing weaknesses, three acceptors (CH20, CH21 and CH22) are constructed with stepwise brominating on central units rather than conventional end groups, thus enhancing intermolecular packing, crystallinity and dielectric constant of them without damaging the favorable intermolecular packing through end groups. Consequently, PM6:CH22-based binary organic solar cells render the highest efficiency of 19.06% for brominated acceptors, more excitingly, a record-breaking efficiency of 15.70% when further thickening active layers to ~500 nm. By exhibiting such a rare high-performance brominated acceptor, our work highlights the great potential for achieving record-breaking organic solar cells through delicately brominating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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263
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Jin R, Zhang X, Xin J, Xiao W. Molecular design of D-π-A-π-D small molecule donor materials with narrow energy gap for organic solar cells applications. J Mol Model 2023; 29:273. [PMID: 37542668 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Developing novel materials present a great challenge to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this paper, we designed a series of the donor-π bridge-acceptor-π bridge-donor (D-π-A-π-D) structure molecules. These molecules consist of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) moiety as core, 9-hexyl-carbazole moiety as terminal groups, and different planar electron-rich aromatic groups as π-bridges. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) computations showed that the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels, energy gaps, electron-driving forces (ΔEL-L), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), reorganization energy (λ), exciton binding energy (Eb), and absorption spectra of the designed molecules can be effectively adjusted by the introduction of different π-bridges. The designed molecules have narrow energy gap and strong absorption spectra, which are beneficial for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. In addition, the designed molecules possess large ΔEL-L, large Voc, and FF values and low Eb when the typical fullerene derivatives are used as acceptors. The FMO energy levels of the designed molecules can provide match well with the typical fullerene acceptors PC61BM, bisPC61BM, and PC71BM. Our results suggest that the designed molecules are expected to be promising donor materials for OSCs. METHODS All DFT and TD-DFT calculations were carried out using the Gaussian 09 code. The computational technique chosen was the hybrid functional B3LYP and the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The benzene and chloroform solvent effects have been considered using the polarized continuum model (PCM) at the TD-DFT level. The simulated absorption spectra of designed molecules were plotted by using the GaussSum 1.0 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifa Jin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China.
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Jingfan Xin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Wenmin Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
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264
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Duan X, Liu C, Cai Y, Ye L, Xue J, Yang Y, Ma W, Sun Y. Longitudinal Through-Hole Architecture for Efficient and Thickness-Insensitive Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302927. [PMID: 37178458 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Semi-transparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have great potential for application in vehicle- or building-integrated solar energy harvesting. Ultrathin active layers and electrodes are typically utilized to guarantee high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and high average visible transmittance (AVT) simultaneously; however, such ultrathin parts are unsuitable for industrial high-throughput manufacturing. In this study, ST-OSCs are fabricated using a longitudinal through-hole architecture to achieve functional region division and to eliminate the dependence on ultrathin films. A complete circuit that vertically corresponds to the silver grid is responsible for obtaining high PCE, and the longitudinal through-holes embedded in it allow most of the light to pass through,where the overall transparency is associated with the through-hole specification rather than the thicknesses of active layer and electrode. Excellent photovoltaic performance over a wide range of transparency (9.80-60.03%), with PCEs ranging from 6.04% to 15.34% is achieved. More critically, this architecture allows printable 300-nm-thick devices to achieve a record-breaking light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 3.25%, and enables flexible ST-OSCs to exhibit better flexural endurance by dispersing the extrusion stress into the through-holes. This study paves the way for fabricating high-performance ST-OSCs and shows great promise for the commercialization of organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Duan
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Linglong Ye
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Yang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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265
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Liu K, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ran G, Huang F, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Hou J, Zhu X. Organic Solar Cells with Over 19% Efficiency Enabled by a 2D-Conjugated Non-Fullerene Acceptor Featuring Favorable Electronic and Aggregation Structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300363. [PMID: 37243566 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The π-expansion of non-fullerene acceptors is a promising method for boosting the organic photovoltaic performance by allowing the fine-tuning of electronic structures and molecular packing. In this work, highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricated using a 2D π-expansion strategy to design new non-fullerene acceptors. Compared with the quinoxaline-fused cores of AQx-16, the π-expanded phenazine-fused cores of AQx-18 induce more ordered and compact packing between adjacent molecules, affording an optimized morphology with rational phase separation in the blend film. This facilitates efficient exciton dissociation and inhibited charge recombination. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.2% with simultaneously increasing Voc , Jsc , and fill factor is achieved in the AQx-18-based binary OSCs. Significantly, AQx-18-based ternary devices fabricated via a two-in-one alloy acceptor strategy exhibit a superior PCE of 19.1%, one of the highest values ever reported for OSCs, along with a high Voc of 0.928 V. These results indicate the importance of the 2D π-expansion strategy for the delicate regulation of the electronic structures and crystalline behaviors of the non-fullerene acceptors to achieve superior photovoltaic performance, aimed at significantly promoting further development of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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266
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Liu Z, Li Q, Fu L, Wang J, Ma J, Zhang C, Wang R. Excited-State Dynamics in All-Polymer Blends with Polymerized Small-Molecule Acceptors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301931. [PMID: 37271886 PMCID: PMC10427414 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymerizing small-molecular acceptors (SMAs) is a promising route to construct high performance polymer acceptors of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). After SMA polymerization, the microstructure of molecular packing is largely modified, which is essential in regulating the excited-state dynamics during the photon-to-current conversion. Nevertheless, the relationship between the molecular packing and excited-state dynamics in polymerized SMAs (PSMAs) remains poorly understood. Herein, the excited-state dynamics and molecular packing are investigated in the corresponding PSMA and SMA utilizing a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. This study finds that the charge separation from intra-moiety delocalized states (i-DEs) is much faster in blends with PSMAs, but the loosed π-π molecular packing suppresses the excitation conversion from the local excitation (LE) to the i-DE, leading to additional radiative losses from LEs. Moreover, the increased aggregations of PSMA in the blends decrease donor: acceptor interfaces, which reduces triplet losses from the bimolecular charge recombination. These findings suggest that excited-state dynamics may be manipulated by the molecular packing in blends with PSMAs to further optimize the performance of all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine ChemicalsMinistry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046China
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Lulu Fu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250000China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine ChemicalsMinistry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryKey Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
- Institute of Materials EngineeringNanjing UniversityNantongJiangsu226019China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of PhysicsNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA)MIITNanjing211106China
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267
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Yadav S, Shivanna R, Mohapatra AA, Sawhney N, Gangadharappa C, Swaraj S, Rao A, Friend RH, Patil S. Resonant Energy Transfer-Mediated Efficient Hole Transfer in the Ternary Blend Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6601-6609. [PMID: 37459166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The ternary blend approach accomplished improved spectral coverage and enhanced the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the role of the third component in improving the photovoltaic parameters needs critical analysis. Here, we introduced a wide band gap n-type twisted perylene diimide (TPDI) into the PM6:Y6 blend as a third component that improves spectral coverage and morphology, resulting in an overall increase in the efficiency of the OSCs. TPDI acts as an antenna for efficient energy- and charge-transfer processes. A systematic study compared charge- and energy-transfer dynamics and the orientational dependence nanomorphology of ternary blends with those of their binary counterparts. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements reveal enhanced hole-transfer efficiency in finely tuned ternary mixtures. This study provides a rational approach to identifying a third component to improve light management and morphology. These parameters enhance the energy and charge-transfer processes, improving the PCE of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Yadav
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nipun Sawhney
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sufal Swaraj
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Saint-Aubin 91190, France
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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268
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Rasool S, Kim JY. Prospects of glove-box versus air-processed organic solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:19337-19357. [PMID: 37462029 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02591h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In the search for alternate green energy sources to offset dependence on fossil fuels, solar energy can certainly meet two needs with one deed: fulfil growing global energy demands due to its non-depletable nature and lower greenhouse gas emissions. As such, third generation thin film photovoltaic technology based organic solar cells (OSCs) can certainly play their role in providing electricity at a competing or lower cost than 1st and 2nd generation solar technologies. As OSCs are still at an early stage of research and development, much focus has been placed on improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) inside a controlled environment i.e. a glove-box (GB) filled with an inert gas such as N2. This was necessary until now, to control and study the local nanomorphology of the spin-coated blend films. For OSCs to compete with other solar energy technologies, OSCs should produce similar or even better morphologies in an open environment i.e. air, such that air-processed OSCs can result in similar PCEs in comparison to their GB-processed counterparts. In this review, we have compared GB- vs. air-processed OSCs from morphological and device physics aspects and underline the key features of efficient OSCs, processed in either GB or air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafket Rasool
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
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269
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Panidi J, Mazzolini E, Eisner F, Fu Y, Furlan F, Qiao Z, Rimmele M, Li Z, Lu X, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Heeney M, Gasparini N. Biorenewable Solvents for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:3038-3047. [PMID: 37469392 PMCID: PMC10353010 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are now achieving high enough power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for commercialization. However, these high performances rely on active layers processed from petroleum-based and toxic solvents, which are undesirable for mass manufacturing. Here, we demonstrate the use of biorenewable 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2MeTHF) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) solvents to process donor: NFA-based OPVs with no additional additives in the active layer. Furthermore, to reduce the overall carbon footprint of the manufacturing cycle of the OPVs, we use polymeric donors that require a few synthetic steps for their synthesis, namely, PTQ10 and FO6-T, which are blended with the Y-series NFA Y12. High performance was achieved using 2MeTHF as the processing solvent, reaching PCEs of 14.5% and 11.4% for PTQ10:Y12 and FO6-T:Y12 blends, respectively. This work demonstrates the potential of using biorenewable solvents without additives for the processing of OPV active layers, opening the door to large-scale and green manufacturing of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Panidi
- Department
of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Eva Mazzolini
- Department
of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Flurin Eisner
- Department
of Physics & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Francesco Furlan
- Department
of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Zhuoran Qiao
- Department
of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Martina Rimmele
- Department
of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Zhe Li
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department
of Physics & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department
of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and SPECIFIC IKC, Swansea University, Bay
Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, Wales SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department
of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar
Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering
Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department
of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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270
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Zeng R, Zhu L, Zhang M, Zhong W, Zhou G, Zhuang J, Hao T, Zhou Z, Zhou L, Hartmann N, Xue X, Jing H, Han F, Bai Y, Wu H, Tang Z, Zou Y, Zhu H, Chen CC, Zhang Y, Liu F. All-polymer organic solar cells with nano-to-micron hierarchical morphology and large light receiving angle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4148. [PMID: 37438377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Distributed photovoltaics in living environment harvest the sunlight in different incident angles throughout the day. The development of planer solar cells with large light-receiving angle can reduce the requirements in installation form factor and is therefore urgently required. Here, thin film organic photovoltaics with nano-sized phase separation integrated in micro-sized surface topology is demonstrated as an ideal solution to proposed applications. All-polymer solar cells, by means of a newly developed sequential processing, show large magnitude hierarchical morphology with facilitated exciton-to-carrier conversion. The nano fibrilar donor-acceptor network and micron-scale optical field trapping structure in combination contributes to an efficiency of 19.06% (certified 18.59%), which is the highest value to date for all-polymer solar cells. Furthermore, the micron-sized surface topology also contributes to a large light-receiving angle. A 30% improvement of power gain is achieved for the hierarchical morphology comparing to the flat-morphology devices. These inspiring results show that all-polymer solar cell with hierarchical features are particularly suitable for the commercial applications of distributed photovoltaics due to its low installation requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenkai Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zichun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | - Xiaonan Xue
- Shanghai OPV Solar New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hao Jing
- Shanghai OPV Solar New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yiming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong, 256401, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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271
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Wang A, Kang Y, Hou C, Li R, Song Y, Dong Q. Melt blending crystallization regulating balanced nanodomains in efficient and scalable coating processed organic solar cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1153-1161. [PMID: 37211491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The miscibility between active layer donors (D) and acceptors (A) is a key factor impeding the development of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) toward higher performance and large-area production. In this study, melt blending crystallization (MBC) was used to accomplish molecular-level blending and highly oriented crystallization in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films realized by a scalable blade coating process, which increased the D/A contact area and provided sufficient exciton diffusion and dissociation. At the same time, the highly organized and balanced crystalline nanodomain structures permitted dissociated carriers to be efficiently transmitted and collected, resulting in significantly enhanced short-circuit current density, fill factor, and efficiency of the device by means of optimum melting temperature and quenching rates. The method can be simply incorporated into current efficient OPV material systems and achieve a device performance comparable to the best values. The blade-coating-processed PM6/IT-4F MBC devices achieved an efficiency of 13.86% in a small-area device and 11.48% in a large-area device. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.17% was obtained in PM6:BTP-BO-4F devices, and a PCE of 16.14% was acquired in PM6:Y6 devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yifei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yilong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qingfeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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272
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Wang J, Cui Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Zhang T, Wang W, Xu Y, Yang N, Yao H, Hao XT, Wei Z, Hou J. A Wide Bandgap Acceptor with Large Dielectric Constant and High Electrostatic Potential Values for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37311087 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-bandgap materials have achieved rapid development and promoted the enhancement of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, the design of wide-bandgap non-fullerene acceptors (WBG-NFAs), required by indoor applications and tandem cells, has been lagging far behind the development of OPV technologies. Here, we designed and synthesized two NFAs named ITCC-Cl and TIDC-Cl by finely optimizing ITCC. In contrast with ITCC and ITCC-Cl, TIDC-Cl can maintain a wider bandgap and a higher electrostatic potential simultaneously. When blending with the donor PB2, the highest dielectric constant is also obtained in TIDC-Cl-based films, enabling efficient charge generation. Therefore, the PB2:TIDC-Cl-based cell possessed a high PCE of 13.8% with an excellent fill factor (FF) of 78.2% under the air mass 1.5G (AM 1.5G) condition. Furthermore, an exciting PCE of 27.1% can be accomplished in the PB2:TIDC-Cl system under the illumination of 500 lux (2700 K light-emitting diode). Combined with the theoretical simulation, the tandem OPV cell based on TIDC-Cl was fabricated and exhibited an excellent PCE of 20.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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273
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Li Y, Yuan X, Kim S, Zhang Y, Xie D, Tan X, Yang C, Huang X, Huang F, Cao Y, Duan C. Revealing the Molecular Weight Effect on Highly Efficient Polythiophene Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37294863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polythiophenes (PTs) are promising electron donors in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their simple structures and excellent synthetic scalability. Benefiting from the rational molecular design, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PT solar cells has been greatly improved. Herein, five batches of the champion PT (P5TCN-F25) with molecular weights ranging from 30 to 87 kg mol-1 were prepared, and the effect of the molecular weight on the blend film morphology and photovoltaic performance of PT solar cells was systematically investigated. The results showed that the PCEs of the devices improved first and then maintained a high value with the increase of molecular weight, and the highest PCE of 16.7% in binary PT solar cells was obtained. Further characterizations revealed that the promotion in photovoltaic performance mainly comes from finer phase separation structures and more compact molecular packing in the blend film. The best device stabilities were also achieved by polymers with high molecular weights. Overall, this study highlights the importance of optimizing the molecular weight for PTs and offers directions to further improve the PCE of PT solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youle Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiyue Yuan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxin Tan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Xuelong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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274
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Zhang M, Chen X, Wang L, Deng X, Tan S. Simultaneously enhancing the photovoltaic parameters of ternary organic solar cells by incorporating a fused ring electron acceptor. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17354-17361. [PMID: 37304790 PMCID: PMC10251189 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ternary strategy has been recognized as an effective method to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In ternary OSCs, the complementary or broadened absorption spectrum, optimized morphology, and enhanced photovoltaic performance could be obtained by selecting a third rational component for the host system. In this work, a fused ring electron acceptor named BTMe-C8-2F, which possesses a high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level and a complementary absorption spectrum to PM6:Y6, was introduced to a PM6:Y6 binary system. The ternary blend film PM6:Y6:BTMe-C8-2F showed high and more balanced charge mobilities, and low charge recombination. Therefore, the OSC based on the PM6:Y6:BTMe-C8-2F (1 : 1.2 : 0.3, w/w/w) blend film achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.68%, with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.87 V, a short-circuit current (JSC) of 27.32 mA cm-2, and a fill factor (FF) of 74.05%, which are much higher than the binary devices of PM6:Y6 (PCE = 15.86%) and PM6:BTMe-C8-2F (PCE = 11.98%). This work provides more insight into the role of introducing a fused ring electron acceptor with a high-lying LUMO energy level and complementary spectrum for simultaneously enhancing the VOC and JSC to promote the performance of ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Modern Industry School of Advanced Ceramics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology Lou'di Hunan 417000 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Songting Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
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275
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Jeong S, Rana A, Kim JH, Qian D, Park K, Jang JH, Luke J, Kwon S, Kim J, Tuladhar PS, Kim JS, Lee K, Durrant JR, Kang H. New Ternary Blend Strategy Based on a Vertically Self-Assembled Passivation Layer Enabling Efficient and Photostable Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206802. [PMID: 37097705 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new ternary strategy to fabricate efficient and photostable inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is introduced by combining a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend and a fullerene self-assembled monolayer (C60 -SAM). Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry - analysis reveals that the ternary blend is vertically phase separated with the C60 -SAM at the bottom and the BHJ on top. The average power conversion efficiency - of OPVs based on the ternary system is improved from 14.9% to 15.6% by C60 -SAM addition, mostly due to increased current density (Jsc ) and fill factor -. It is found that the C60 -SAM encourages the BHJ to make more face-on molecular orientation because grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering - data show an increased face-on/edge-on orientation ratio in the ternary blend. Light-intensity dependent Jsc data and charge carrier lifetime analysis indicate suppressed bimolecular recombination and a longer charge carrier lifetime in the ternary system, resulting in the enhancement of OPV performance. Moreover, it is demonstrated that device photostability in the ternary blend is enhanced due to the vertically self-assembled C60 -SAM that successfully passivates the ZnO surface and protects BHJ layer from the UV-induced photocatalytic reactions of the ZnO. These results suggest a new perspective to improve both performance and photostability of OPVs using a facial ternary method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aniket Rana
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ju-Hyeon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Deping Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Kiyoung Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jang
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joel Luke
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sooncheol Kwon
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehan Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Pabitra Shakya Tuladhar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Hongkyu Kang
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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276
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Chen L, Yi J, Ma R, Ding L, Dela Peña TA, Liu H, Chen J, Zhang C, Zhao C, Lu W, Wei Q, Zhao B, Hu H, Wu J, Ma Z, Lu X, Li M, Zhang G, Li G, Yan H. An Isomeric Solid Additive Enables High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Developed Using a Benzo-Difuran-Based Donor Polymer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301231. [PMID: 37044383 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nearly all high-efficiency organic photovoltaic devices use donor polymers based on the benzo-dithiophene (BDT) unit. To diversify the choices of building blocks for high-performance donor polymers, the use of benzo-difuran (BDF) units is explored, which can achieve reduced steric hindrance, stronger molecular packing, and tunable energy levels. In previous research, the performance of BDF-based devices lagged behind those of BDT-based devices. In this study, a high efficiency (18.4%) is achieved using a BDF-based polymer donor, which is the highest efficiency reported for BDF donor materials to date. The high efficiency is enabled by a donor polymer (D18-Fu) and the aid of a solid additive (2-chloronaphthalene), which is the isomer of the commonly used additive 1-chloronaphthalene. These results revealed the significant effect of 2-chloronaphthalene in optimizing the morphology and enhancing the device parameters. This work not only provides a new building block that can achieve an efficiency comparable to dominant BDT units but also proposes a new solid additive that can replace the widely used 1-chloronaphthalene additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jicheng Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ding
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, S&T Building, Nansha IT Park, Guangzhou City, 511458, P. R. China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, S&T Building, Nansha IT Park, Guangzhou City, 511458, P. R. China
| | - Cuifen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Wen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, S&T Building, Nansha IT Park, Guangzhou City, 511458, P. R. China
- eFlexPV Limited (Foshan), Guicheng Street, Nanhai District, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
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277
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Wang J, Zheng Z, Bi P, Chen Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang S, Hao X, Zhang M, Li Y, Hou J. Tandem organic solar cells with 20.6% efficiency enabled by reduced voltage losses. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad085. [PMID: 37448581 PMCID: PMC10337743 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Large voltage losses are the main obstacle for achieving high efficiency in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here we construct ternary OSCs by introducing an asymmetric small molecule acceptor AITC into PBDB-TCl : BTP-eC9 system and demonstrate the effectiveness in simultaneously decreasing energy disorder and non-radiative voltage losses. It is found that the introduction of AITC can modify domain size and increase the degree of crystallinity, which enhances open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency (19.1%, certified as 18.9%). Inspiringly, an output efficiency of 20.6% of the constructed tandem OSCs based on PBDB-TCl : AITC : BTP-eC9 ternary active layer output a recorded efficiency of 20.6% (certified as 20.3%), which is the highest value in OSCs field to date. This work demonstrates that decreasing the voltage losses by ternary strategy and constructing of tandem architecture are effective approaches towards improving photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | | | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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278
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Seo S, Lee JW, Kim DJ, Lee D, Phan TNL, Park J, Tan Z, Cho S, Kim TS, Kim BJ. Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-PM6 Polymer Donors for High-Performance and Mechanically Robust Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300230. [PMID: 36929364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stretchability are the dual requirements for the wearable application of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, most efficient photoactive films are mechanically brittle. In this work, highly efficient (PCE = 18%) and mechanically robust (crack-onset strain (COS) = 18%) PSCs are acheived by designing block copolymer (BCP) donors, PM6-b-PDMSx (x = 5k, 12k, and 19k). In these BCP donors, stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blocks are covalently linked with the PM6 blocks to effectively increase the stretchability. The stretchability of the BCP donors increases with a longer PDMS block, and PM6-b-PDMS19k :L8-BO PSC exhibits a high PCE (18%) and 9-times higher COS value (18%) compared to that (COS = 2%) of the PM6:L8-BO-based PSC. However, the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS12k ternary blend shows inferior PCE (5%) and COS (1%) due to the macrophase separation between PDMS and active components. In the intrinsically stretchable PSC, the PM6-b-PDMS19k :L8-BO blend exhibits significantly greater mechanical stability PCE80% ((80% of the initial PCE) at 36% strain) than those of the PM6:L8-BO blend (PCE80% at 12% strain) and the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS ternary blend (PCE80% at 4% strain). This study suggests an effective design strategy of BCP PD to achieve stretchable and efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Ngoc-Lan Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengping Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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279
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Zheng N, Liu H, Zeng YJ. Dynamical Behavior of Pure Spin Current in Organic Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207506. [PMID: 36995070 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Growing concentration on the novel information processing technology and low-cost, flexible materials make the spintronics and organic materials appealing for the future interdisciplinary investigations. Organic spintronics, in this context, has arisen and witnessed great advances during the past two decades owing to the continuous innovative exploitation of the charge-contained spin polarized current. Albeit with such inspiring facts, charge-absent spin angular momentum flow, namely pure spin currents (PSCs) are less probed in organic functional solids. In this review, the past exploring journey of PSC phenomenon in organic materials are retrospected, including non-magnetic semiconductors and molecular magnets. Starting with the basic concepts and the generation mechanism for PSC, the representative experimental observations of PSC in the organic-based networks are subsequently demonstrated and summarized, by accompanying explicit discussion over the propagating mechanism of net spin itself in the organic media. Finally, future perspectives on PSC in organic materials are illustrated mainly from the material point of view, including single molecule magnets, complexes for the organic ligands framework as well as the lanthanide metal complexes, organic radicals, and the emerging 2D organic magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor, Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology in Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor, Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology in Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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280
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Bai Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Geng H, Chen Q, Kim S, Zhang R, Zhang C, Chang B, Li S, Fu H, Xue L, Wang H, Li W, Chen W, Gao M, Ye L, Zhou Y, Ouyang Y, Zhang C, Gao F, Yang C, Li Y, Zhang ZG. Geometry design of tethered small-molecule acceptor enables highly stable and efficient polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2926. [PMID: 37217503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the power conversion efficiency of binary polymer solar cells dramatically improved, the thermal stability of the small-molecule acceptors raised the main concerns on the device operating stability. Here, to address this issue, thiophene-dicarboxylate spacer tethered small-molecule acceptors are designed, and their molecular geometries are further regulated via the thiophene-core isomerism engineering, affording dimeric TDY-α with a 2, 5-substitution and TDY-β with 3, 4-substitution on the core. It shows that TDY-α processes a higher glass transition temperature, better crystallinity relative to its individual small-molecule acceptor segment and isomeric counterpart of TDY-β, and a more stable morphology with the polymer donor. As a result, the TDY-α based device delivers a higher device efficiency of 18.1%, and most important, achieves an extrapolated lifetime of about 35000 hours that retaining 80% of their initial efficiency. Our result suggests that with proper geometry design, the tethered small-molecule acceptors can achieve both high device efficiency and operating stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- Analysis & Testing Center, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, 464000, China
| | - Hua Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Cen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bowen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- College of Chemistry & Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry & Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China, Smart Society Lab, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanni Ouyang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China, Smart Society Lab, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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281
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Guan H, Liao Q, Huang T, Geng S, Cao Z, Zhang Z, Wang D, Zhang J. Solid Additive Enables Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency up to 18.6. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37193670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Additive strategies play a critical role in improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). There are only a few reports on the application of solid additives for OSCs, which leaves a large space for further improvement of solid additives and further study on the relationship between material structure and property. PM6:BTP-eC9-based organic solar cells (OSCs) were prepared by using a small molecule BTA3 as a solid additive, and a high energy conversion efficiency of 18.65% is achieved. BTA3 has good compatibility with the acceptor component (BTP-eC9) and optimizes the morphology of the thin films. Moreover, the introduction of a small amount of BTA3 (5 wt %) effectively promotes exciton dissociation and charge transfer and suppresses charge recombination, and the relationship between the BTA3 content and the device parameter is deeply revealed. The use of BTA3 in the active layers is an attractive and effective strategy for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Tianhuan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Shuang Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ziliang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zheling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Dongjie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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282
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Zhang Y, He Y, Zeng L, Lüer L, Deng W, Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang Z, Brabec CJ, Wu H, Xie Z, Duan C. Unraveling the Role of Non-Fullerene Acceptor with High Dielectric Constant in Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2302314. [PMID: 37191278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the relative dielectric constant is a constant pursuit of organic semiconductors, but it often leads to multiple changes in device characteristics, hindering the establishment of a reliable relationship between dielectric constant and photovoltaic performance. Herein, a new non-fullerene acceptor named BTP-OE is reported by replacing the branched alkyl chains on Y6-BO with branched oligoethylene oxide chains. This replacement successfully increases the relative dielectric constant from 3.28 to 4.62. To surprise, BTP-OE offers consistently lower device performance relative to Y6-BO in organic solar cells (16.27% vs 17.44%) due to the losses in open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Further investigations unravel that BTP-OE has resulted in reduced electron mobility, increased trap density, enhanced first order recombination, and enlarged energetic disorder. These results demonstrate the complex relationship between dielectric constant and device performance, which provide valuable implications for the development of organic semiconductors with high dielectric constant for photovoltaic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yakun He
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liang Zeng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Larry Lüer
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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283
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Kobayashi Y, Miyake Y, Ishiwari F, Ishiwata S, Saeki A. Machine learning of atomic force microscopy images of organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15107-15113. [PMID: 37207099 PMCID: PMC10189247 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulk heterojunction structures of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been overlooked in their machine learning (ML) approach despite their presumably significant impact on power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, we examined the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images to construct an ML model for predicting the PCE of polymer : non-fullerene molecular acceptor OPVs. We manually collected experimentally observed AFM images from the literature, applied data curing and performed image analyses (fast Fourier transform, FFT; gray-level co-occurrence matrix, GLCM; histogram analysis, HA) and ML linear regression. The accuracy of the model did not considerably improve even by including AFM data in addition to the chemical structure fingerprints, material properties and process parameters. However, we found that a specific spatial wavelength of FFT (40-65 nm) significantly affects PCE. The GLCM and HA methods, such as homogeneity, correlation and skewness expand the scope of image analysis and artificial intelligence in materials science research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Interactive Materials Science CADET, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yuta Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University 1-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishiwata
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University 1-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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284
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Yang Q, Chen H, Lv J, Huang P, Han D, Deng W, Sun K, Kumar M, Chung S, Cho K, Hu D, Dong H, Shao L, Zhao F, Xiao Z, Kan Z, Lu S. Balancing the Efficiency and Synthetic Accessibility of Organic Solar Cells with Isomeric Acceptor Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207678. [PMID: 37171812 PMCID: PMC10369256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of organic semiconductor materials and on-going improvement of device technology, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have surpassed the threshold of 19%. Now, the low production cost of organic photovoltaic materials and devices have become an imperative demand for its practical application and future commercialization. Herein, the feasibility of simplified synthesis for cost-effective small-molecule acceptors via end-cap isomeric engineering is demonstrated, and two constitutional isomers, BTP-m-4Cl and BTP-o-4Cl, are synthesized and compared in parallel. These two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have very similar optoelectronic properties but nonuniform morphological and crystallographic characteristics. Consequently, the OSCs composed of PM6:BTP-m-4Cl realize PCE of 17.2%, higher than that of the OSCs with PM6:BTP-o-4Cl (≈16%). When ternary OSCs are fabricated with PM6:BTP-m-4Cl:BTP-o-4Cl, the averaged PCE value reaches 17.95%, presenting outstanding photovoltaic performance. Most excitingly, the figure of merit (FOM) values of PM6:BTP-m-4Cl, PM6:BTP-o-4Cl, and PM6:BTP-m-4Cl:BTP-o-4Cl based devices are 0.190, 0.178, and 0.202 respectively. The FOM values of these systems are all among the top ones of the current high-efficiency OSC systems, revealing high cost-effectiveness of the two NFAs. This work provides a general but accessible strategy to minimize the efficiency-cost gap and promises the economic prospects of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianguang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Peihao Huang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Deman Han
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Beijing, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, North Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dingqin Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Li Shao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Fuqing Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
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285
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An K, Zhong W, Peng F, Deng W, Shang Y, Quan H, Qiu H, Wang C, Liu F, Wu H, Li N, Huang F, Ying L. Mastering morphology of non-fullerene acceptors towards long-term stable organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2688. [PMID: 37164953 PMCID: PMC10172308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid progress of organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors, simultaneously achieving high power conversion efficiency and long-term stability for commercialization requires sustainable research effort. Here, we demonstrate stable devices by integrating a wide bandgap electron-donating polymer (namely PTzBI-dF) and two acceptors (namely L8BO and Y6) that feature similar structures yet different thermal and morphological properties. The organic solar cell based on PTzBI-dF:L8BO:Y6 could achieve a promising efficiency of 18.26% in the conventional device structure. In the inverted structure, excellent long-term thermal stability over 1400 h under 85 °C continuous heating is obtained. The improved performance can be ascribed to suppressed charge recombination along with appropriate charge transport. We find that the morphological features in terms of crystalline coherence length of fresh and aged films can be gradually regulated by the weight ratio of L8BO:Y6. Additionally, the occurrence of melting point decrease and reduced enthalpy in PTzBI-dF:L8BO:Y6 films could prohibit the amorphous phase to cluster, and consequently overcome the energetic traps accumulation aroused by thermal stress, which is a critical issue in high efficiency non-fullerene acceptors-based devices. This work provides insight into understanding non-fullerene acceptors-based organic solar cells for improved efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang An
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenkai Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Peng
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ying Shang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, 510320, China
| | - Huilei Quan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, 510320, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, 510320, China.
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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286
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Sağlamkaya E, Musiienko A, Shadabroo MS, Sun B, Chandrabose S, Shargaieva O, Lo Gerfo M G, van Hulst NF, Shoaee S. What is special about Y6; the working mechanism of neat Y6 organic solar cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1825-1834. [PMID: 36857707 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01411d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have delivered advancement in bulk heterojunction organic solar cell efficiencies, with a significant milestone of 20% now in sight. However, these materials challenge the accepted wisdom of how organic solar cells work. In this work we present a neat Y6 device with an efficiency above 4.5%. We thoroughly investigate mechanisms of charge generation and recombination as well as transport in order to understand what is special about Y6. Our data suggest that Y6 generates bulk free charges, with ambipolar mobility, which can be extracted in the presence of transport layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elifnaz Sağlamkaya
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Department Novel Materials and Interfaces for Photovoltaic Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad Saeed Shadabroo
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Bowen Sun
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Sreelakshmi Chandrabose
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Shargaieva
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Department "Solution Processing of Hybrid Materials & Devices" (SE-ALM), Kekuléstr. 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Giulia Lo Gerfo M
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niek F van Hulst
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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287
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Zeng G, Li H, Tan F, Xin Y, Zhang S. A narrow band gap non-fullerene electron acceptor based on a dithieno-3,2- b:2',3'-dlpyrrole unit for high performance organic solar cells with minimal highest occupied molecular orbital offset. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14703-14711. [PMID: 37197679 PMCID: PMC10183802 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01021j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a new narrow band gap non-fullerene small molecular acceptor (NFSMA) based on a dithieno-3,2-b:2',3'-dlpyrrole(DTP) unit, namely SNIC-F, was designed and synthesized. Due to the strong electron-donating ability of the DTP-based fused-ring core, SNIC-F showed a strong intramolecular-charge transfer (ICT) effect and thus gave a narrow band gap of 1.32 eV. Benefiting from the low band gap and efficient charge separation, when pairing with a copolymer PBTIBDTT, the device optimized by 0.5% 1-CN gave a high short circuit current (Jsc) of 19.64 mA cm-2. In addition, a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.83 V was obtained due to the near 0 eV highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) offset between PBTIBDTT and SNIC-F. As a result, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.25% was obtained, and the PCE was maintained above 9.2% as the active layer thickness increased from 100 nm to 250 nm. Our work indicated that designing a narrow band gap NFSMA-based DTP unit and blending it with a polymer donor with small HOMO offset is an efficient strategy for achieving high performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Hanming Li
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fang Tan
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Company Ltd Shenzhen 518132 P. R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University 22 Dongcheng village Jiangmen 529020 P. R. China
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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288
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Peng Z, Ade H. Unveiling re-entrant phase behavior and crystalline-amorphous interactions in semi-conducting polymer:small molecule blends. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37145032 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported recently that conjugated polymer:small molecule systems might exhibit complex, re-entrant phase behavior with hourglass or closed-loop miscibility gaps due to an 'apparent' lower critical solution temperature branch. However, the study did not firmly establish if the observations were reflecting equilibrium or not. To assure that the observed shapes of the binodals via a mixing experiment represent local near-equilibrium conditions that capture complex molecular interactions or equation-of-state effects, we present here the liquidus and the binodal for the exact same systems, i.e., PTB7-Th:PC61BM, PffBT4T-C9C13:PC71BM and PTB7-Th:EH-IDTBR, with the liquidus measured via a demixing experiment with long annealing time of days to weeks. We observe that the binodal displayed consistent trends with the liquidus, revealing an underlying thermodynamic and not microstructural or kinetic cause behind the complex phase behavior. Our results highlight the need for a novel, sufficiently complex physical model for understanding these non-trivial phase diagrams of semi-conducting materials. We also discover that the composition difference (Δϕ) between liquidus and binodal reflects the crystalline-amorphous interaction, exhibiting a linear relationship with the binodal composition (ϕb,polymer), i.e., Δϕ increases as χaa decreases. This possibly provides a new approach for obtaining the crystalline-amorphous interaction parameter χca(T) beyond the commonly used melting point depression method, which estimates χca near the melting temperature Tm of the crystalline component. The capability of obtaining χca(T) over a more extended temperature range may encourage more extensive studies and facilitate the understanding of χca in general, but particularly for all the novel non-fullerene acceptors that are able to crystallize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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289
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Guijarro F, de la Cruz P, Khandelwal K, Singhal R, Langa F, Sharma GD. Effects of Halogenation on Cyclopentadithiophenevinylene-Based Acceptors with Excellent Responses in Binary Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21296-21305. [PMID: 37073988 PMCID: PMC11165453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, non-fused non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have attracted increasing consideration due to several advantages, which include simple preparation, superior yield, and low cost. In the work reported here, we designed and synthesized three new NFAs with the same cyclopentadithiophenevinylene (CPDTV) trimer as the electron-donating unit and different terminal units (IC for FG10, IC-4F for FG8, and IC-4Cl for FG6). Both halogenated NFAs, i.e., FG6 and FG8, show red-shifted absorption spectra and higher electron mobilities (more pronounced for FG6) in comparison with FG10. Moreover, the dielectric constants of these materials also increased upon halogenation of the IC terminal units, thus leading to a reduction in the exciton binding energy, which is favorable for dissociation of excitons and subsequent charge transfer despite the driving force (highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital offsets) being very small. The organic solar cells (OSCs) constructed using these acceptors and PBDB-T, as the donor, showed PCE values of 15.08, 12.56, and 9.04% for FG6, FG8, and FG10, respectively. The energy loss for the FG6-based device was the lowest (0.45 eV) of all the devices, and this may be attributed to it having the highest dielectric constant, which leads to a reduction in the binding energy of exciton and a small driving force for hole transfer from FG6 to PBDB-T. The results indicate that the NFA containing the CPDTV oligomer core and halogenated terminal units can efficiently spread the absorption spectrum to the NIR zone. Non-fused NFAs have a bright future in the quest to obtain efficient OSCs with low cost for marketable purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando
G. Guijarro
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Nanotecnología
y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Nanotecnología
y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Kanupriya Khandelwal
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute
of Information Technology, Jamdoli, 302031 Jaipur, (Rai), India
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics, Malviya National
Institute of Technology, JLN Marg, 302017 Jaipur, (Raj.), India
| | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Nanotecnología
y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute
of Information Technology, Jamdoli, 302031 Jaipur, (Rai), India
- Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, 302031 Jaipur, (Rai), India
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290
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Ma R, Fan Q, Dela Peña TA, Wu B, Liu H, Wu Q, Wei Q, Wu J, Lu X, Li M, Ma W, Li G. Unveiling the Morphological and Physical Mechanism of Burn-in Loss Alleviation by Ternary Matrix Toward Stable and Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212275. [PMID: 36762447 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (All-PSCs) are considered the most promising candidate in achieving both efficient and stable organic photovoltaic devices, yet the field has rarely presented an in-depth understanding of corresponding device stability while efficiency is continuously boosted via the innovation of polymer acceptors. Herein, a ternary matrix is built for all-PSCs with optimized morphology, improved film ductility and importantly, boosted efficiency and better operational stability than its parental binary counterparts, as a platform to study the underlying mechanism. The target system PQM-Cl:PTQ10:PY-IT (0.8:0.2:1.2) exhibits an alleviated burn-in loss of morphology and efficiency under light soaking, which supports its promoted device lifetime. The comprehensive characterizations of fresh and light-soaked active layers lead to a clear illustration of opposite morphological and physical degradation direction of PQM-Cl and PTQ10, thus resulting in a delicate balance at the optimal ternary system. Specifically, the enlarging tendency of PQM-Cl and shrinking preference of PTQ10 in terms of phase separation leads to a stable morphology in their mixing phase; the hole transfer kinetics of PQM-Cl:PY-IT host is stabilized by incorporating PTQ10. This work succeeds in reaching a deep insight into all-PSC's stability promotion by a rational ternary design, which booms the prospect of gaining high-performance all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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291
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Ge J, Xie L, Peng R, Ge Z. Organic Photovoltaics Utilizing Small-Molecule Donors and Y-Series Nonfullerene Acceptors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206566. [PMID: 36482012 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (Y-NFA) has prompted the rapid progress of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) from around 12% to 17%. The excellent PCE improvement benefits from not only the outstanding properties of Y-series acceptors but also the successful development of small-molecule donors. The short-circuit current density, fill factor, and nonradiative recombination are all optimized to the unprecedented values, providing a scenery that is obviously different from the ITIC-series based ASM-OSCs. In this review, OSCs utilizing small-molecule donors and Y-NFA are summarized and classified in order to provide an up-to-date development overview and give an insight on structure-property correlation. Then, the characteristics of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) formation of ASM-OSCs are discussed and compared with that of polymer-based OSCs. Finally, the challenges and outlook on designing ground-breaking small-molecule donor and forming an ideal BHJ morphology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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292
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Pang B, Liao C, Xu X, Yu L, Li R, Peng Q. Benzo[d]thiazole Based Wide Bandgap Donor Polymers Enable 19.54% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Along with Desirable Batch-to-Batch Reproducibility and General Applicability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300631. [PMID: 36870079 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The limited selection pool of high-performance wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors is a bottleneck problem of the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic solar cells (OSCs) that impedes the further improvement of their photovoltaic performances. Herein, a series of new WBG polymers, namely PH-BTz, PS-BTz, PF-BTz, and PCl-BTz, are developed by using the bicyclic difluoro-benzo[d]thiazole (BTz) as the acceptor block and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) derivatives as the donor units. By introducing S, F, and Cl atoms to the alkylthienyl sidechains on BDT, the resulting polymers exhibit lowered energy levels and enhanced aggregation properties. The fluorinated PBTz-F not only exhibits a low-lying HOMO level, but also has stronger face-on packing order and results in more uniform fibril-like interpenetrating networks in the related PF-BTz:L8-BO blend. A high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.57% is achieved. Moreover, PBTz-F also exhibits a good batch-to-batch reproducibility and general applicability. In addition, ternary blend OSCs based on the host PBTz-F:L8-BO blend and PM6 guest donor exhibits a further enhanced PCE of 19.54%, which is among the highest values of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chentong Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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293
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Chen T, Li S, Li Y, Chen Z, Wu H, Lin Y, Gao Y, Wang M, Ding G, Min J, Ma Z, Zhu H, Zuo L, Chen H. Compromising Charge Generation and Recombination of Organic Photovoltaics with Mixed Diluent Strategy for Certified 19.4% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300400. [PMID: 36863938 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ternary blend is demonstrated as an effective strategy to promote the device performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) due to the dilution effect. While the compromise between the charge generation and recombination remains a challenge. Here, a mixed diluent strategy for further improving the device efficiency of OPV is proposed. Specifically, the high-performance OPV system with a polymer donor, i.e., PM6, and a nonfullerene acceptor (NFA), i.e., BTP-eC9, is diluted by the mixed diluents, which involve a high bandgap NFA of BTP-S17 and a low bandgap NFA of BTP-S16 (similar with that of the BTP-eC9). The BTP-S17 of better miscibility with BTP-eC9 can dramatically enhance the open-circuit voltage (VOC ), while the BTP-S16 maximizes the charge generation or the short-circuit current density (JSC ). The interplay of BTP-17 and BTP-S16 enables better compromise between charge generation and recombination, thus leading to a high device performance of 19.76% (certified 19.41%), which is the best among single-junction OPVs. Further analysis on carrier dynamics validates the efficacy of mixed diluents for balancing charge generation and recombination, which can be further attributed to the more diverse energetic landscapes and improved morphology. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy for high-performance OPV for further commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shuixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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294
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Park SH, Kwon NY, Jung SH, Harit AK, Woo HY, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Novel Pseudo-ternary Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Conjugated Donor Block Copolymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20266-20277. [PMID: 37043738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The recent breakthrough in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) that contain an active layer of a ternary system has achieved values of 18-19%; this has sparked interest for further research. However, this system has difficulties in optimizing the composition and controlling the interaction between the three active materials. In this study, we investigated the use of a donor1 (D1)-donor2 (D2) conjugated block copolymer (CBP), PM6-b-TT, to replace the physical blend of two donors. PM6-b-TT, which exhibits an extended absorption range, was synthesized by covalently bonding PM6, a medium-band gap polymer, with PBDT-TT, a wide-band gap polymer. The blend films containing PM6-b-TT and Y6-BO acceptor, demonstrated excellent crystallinity and a film morphology favorable for PSCs. The corresponding pseudo-ternary PSC exhibited significantly higher PCE and thermal stability than the PM6:PBDT-TT-based ternary device. This study unambiguously demonstrates that the novel D1-D2 CBP strategy, combined with the conventional binary and ternary system advantages, is a promising material production strategy that can boost the performance of future PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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295
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Yu H, Wang Y, Zou X, Yin J, Shi X, Li Y, Zhao H, Wang L, Ng HM, Zou B, Lu X, Wong KS, Ma W, Zhu Z, Yan H, Chen S. Improved photovoltaic performance and robustness of all-polymer solar cells enabled by a polyfullerene guest acceptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2323. [PMID: 37087472 PMCID: PMC10122667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerene acceptors typically possess excellent electron-transporting properties and can work as guest components in ternary organic solar cells to enhance the charge extraction and efficiencies. However, conventional fullerene small molecules typically suffer from undesirable segregation and dimerization, thus limiting their applications in organic solar cells. Herein we report the use of a poly(fullerene-alt-xylene) acceptor (PFBO-C12) as guest component enables a significant efficiency increase from 16.9% for binary cells to 18.0% for ternary all-polymer solar cells. Ultrafast optic and optoelectronic studies unveil that PFBO-C12 can facilitate hole transfer and suppress charge recombination. Morphological investigations show that the ternary blends maintain a favorable morphology with high crystallinity and smaller domain size. Meanwhile, the introduction of PFBO-C12 reduces voltage loss and enables all-polymer solar cells with excellent light stability and mechanical durability in flexible devices. This work demonstrates that introducing polyfullerenes as guest components is an effective approach to achieving highly efficient ternary all-polymer solar cells with good stability and mechanical robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ho Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bosen Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shangshang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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296
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Wang X, Li Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Shao J, Li Y. Direct Arylation Synthesis of Small Molecular Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083515. [PMID: 37110749 PMCID: PMC10144321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small molecular acceptors (SMAs) have extensively promoted the progress of organic solar cells (OSCs). The facile tuning of chemical structures affords SMAs excellent tunability of their absorption and energy levels, and it gives SMA-based OSCs slight energy loss, enabling OSCs to achieve high power conversion efficiencies (e.g., >18%). However, SMAs always suffer complicated chemical structures requiring multiple-step synthesis and cumbersome purification, which is unfavorable to the large-scale production of SMAs and OSC devices for industrialization. Direct arylation coupling reaction via aromatic C-H bonds activation allows for the synthesis of SMAs under mild conditions, and it simultaneously reduces synthetic steps, synthetic difficulty, and toxic by-products. This review provides an overview of the progress of SMA synthesis through direct arylation and summarizes the typical reaction conditions to highlight the field's challenges. Significantly, the impacts of direct arylation conditions on reaction activity and reaction yield of the different reactants' structures are discussed and highlighted. This review gives a comprehensive view of preparing SMAs by direct arylation reactions to cause attention to the facile and low-cost synthesis of photovoltaic materials for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuechen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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297
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Ding G, Chen T, Wang M, Xia X, He C, Zheng X, Li Y, Zhou D, Lu X, Zuo L, Xu Z, Chen H. Solid Additive-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Processing for 19% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:92. [PMID: 37036549 PMCID: PMC10086087 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Morphology is of great significance to the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), since appropriate morphology could not only promote the exciton dissociation, but also reduce the charge recombination. In this work, we have developed a solid additive-assisted layer-by-layer (SAA-LBL) processing to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs. By adding the solid additive of fatty acid (FA) into polymer donor PM6 solution, controllable pre-phase separation forms between PM6 and FA. This intermixed morphology facilitates the diffusion of acceptor Y6 into the donor PM6 during the LBL processing, due to the good miscibility and fast-solvation of the FA with chloroform solution dripping. Interestingly, this results in the desired morphology with refined phase-separated domain and vertical phase-separation structure to better balance the charge transport /collection and exciton dissociation. Consequently, the binary single junction OSCs based on PM6:Y6 blend reach champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.16% with SAA-LBL processing, which can be generally applicable to diverse systems, e.g., the PM6:L8-BO-based devices and thick-film devices. The efficacy of SAA-LBL is confirmed in binary OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO, where record PCEs of 19.02% and 16.44% are realized for devices with 100 and 250 nm active layers, respectively. The work provides a simple but effective way to control the morphology for high-efficiency OSCs and demonstrates the SAA-LBL processing a promising methodology for boosting the industrial manufacturing of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhikang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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298
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Qin J, Wu N, Chen W, Liu B, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yin N, Chen Q, Zhang ZB, Ma CQ. In Situ Solution-Processed Submicron Thick SiO x C y /a-SiN x (O):H Composite Barrier Film for Polymer:Non-Fullerene Photovoltaics. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300224. [PMID: 37029583 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to improve the environmental stability of organic photovoltaics, a multilayered SiOx Cy /a-SiNx (O):H composite barrier film coated with a hydrophobic perfluoro copolymer stop layer for polymer:non-fullerene solar cells is developed. The composite film is prepared by spin-coating of polysilicone and perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) following a densification process by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation in an inert atmosphere. The transformation of polysilicone and PHPS to SiOx Cy and a-SiNx (O):H is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement. However, the as-prepared PHPS-derived silicon nitride (PDSN) can react with moisture in the ambient atmosphere, yielding microscale defects and a consequent poor barrier performance. Treating the incomplete PDSN with methanol vapor significantly densifies the film yielding low water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs)of 5.0 × 10-1 and 2.0 × 10-1 g m-2 d-1 for the one- and three-couple of SiOx Cy /a-SiNx (O):H (CON) composite films, respectively. By incorporating a thin hydrophobic perfluoro copolymer layer, the three-coupled methanol-treated CON film with a total thickness of 600 nm shows an extremely low WVTR of 8.7 × 10-4 g m-2 d-1 . No performance decay is measured for the PM6:Y6 and PM6:L8-BO cells after such an encapsulation process. These encapsulated polymer cells show good stability storaged at 25 °C/50% relative humidity, or under simulated extreme rainstorm tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Na Wu
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lianping Zhang
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ni Yin
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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299
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Li Z, Yao H, Wang W, Song CE, Ryu DH, Xiao Y, Wang J, Ma L, Zhang T, Ren J, An C, Shin WS, Hou J. Large Steric Hindrance Enhanced Molecular Planarity for Low-Cost Non-Fused Electron Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16801-16808. [PMID: 36971203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient non-fused ring electron acceptors is of great importance in decreasing the material cost of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). It is a challenge to construct a planar molecular skeleton in non-fused molecules as there are many torsions between adjacent units. Here, we design two non-fused electron acceptors based on bithieno[3,2-b]thiophene units as core structures and study the impact of steric hindrance of substituents on molecular planarity. We use 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl and 4-hexylphenyl groups to prepare ATTP-1 and ATTP-2, respectively. Our results suggest that the enhanced steric hindrance is beneficial for obtaining a more planar molecular configuration, which significantly increases the optical absorption and charge transport properties. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PBDB-TF:ATTP-1 combination (11.3%) is superior to that of PBDB-TF:ATTP-2 combination (3.7%). In addition, an impressive PCE of 10.7% is recorded in ATTP-1-based devices when a low-cost polythiophene donor PDCBT is used, which is an outstanding value in OPVs fabricated by non-fused donor/acceptor combinations. Our work demonstrates that modulation of the steric hindrance effect is of great significance to control the molecular planarity and thus obtain excellent photovoltaic performance of low-cost non-fused electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyeon Ryu
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Xiao
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianhui Hou
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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300
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Kim T, Feng Y, O'Connor JP, Stoddart JF, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Coherent Vibronic Wavepackets Show Structure-Directed Charge Flow in Host-Guest Donor-Acceptor Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37018535 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Designing and controlling charge transfer (CT) pathways in organic semiconductors are important for solar energy applications. To be useful, a photogenerated, Coulombically bound CT exciton must further separate into free charge carriers; direct observations of the detailed CT relaxation pathways, however, are lacking. Here, photoinduced CT and relaxation dynamics in three host-guest complexes, where a perylene (Per) electron donor guest is incorporated into two symmetric and one asymmetric extended viologen cyclophane acceptor hosts, are presented. The central ring in the extended viologen is either p-phenylene (ExV2+) or electron-rich 2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene (ExMeOV2+), resulting in two symmetric cyclophanes with unsubstituted or methoxy-substituted central rings, ExBox4+ and ExMeOBox4+, respectively, and an asymmetric cyclophane with one of the central viologen rings being methoxylated ExMeOVBox4+. Upon photoexcitation, the asymmetric host-guest ExMeOVBox4+ ⊃ Per complex exhibits directional CT toward the energetically unfavorable methoxylated side due to structural restrictions that facilitate strong interactions between the Per donor and the ExMeOV2+ side. The CT state relaxation pathways are probed using ultrafast optical spectroscopy by focusing on coherent vibronic wavepackets, which are used to identify CT relaxations along charge localization and vibronic decoherence coordinates. Specific low- and high-frequency nuclear motions are direct indicators of a delocalized CT state and the degree of CT character. Our results show that the CT pathway can be controlled by subtle chemical modifications of the acceptor host in addition to illustrating how coherent vibronic wavepackets can be used to probe the nature and time evolution of the CT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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