251
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Zheng Y, Yu J, Liang C, Li S, Wen X, Li Y. Characterization on gut microbiome of PCOS rats and its further design by shifts in high-fat diet and dihydrotestosterone induction in PCOS rats. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:953-964. [PMID: 32157446 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with gut microbiota disturbance. Emerging evidence has shown that gut microbiota plays a major role in the development of PCOS. To better understand how the gut microbiota contributes to the development of PCOS, we investigated the influences of high-fat diet and hyperandrogenism, independently or synergistically, have on the gut microbiota in rats. Furthermore, we explored the associations between gut microbiota and hyperandrogenism or other hallmarks of PCOS. Twenty female SD rats were randomized at aged 3 weeks into 4 groups (n = 5, each); HA: PCOS rats fed with ordinary diet; HF: rats with high-fat diet (HFD); HA-HF: PCOS rats fed with HFD; and C: control rats with ordinary diet. PCOS rat model was induced by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) injection for 6 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin, testosterone, free testosterone, TNF-α, MDA, SOD, LPS, TLR4, TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels were measured. The molecular ecology of the fecal gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that rats in the HA and HA-HF group displayed abnormal estrous cycles with increasing androgen level and exhibited multiple large cysts with diminished granulosa layers in ovarian tissues. Compare with the C group, relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum decreased significantly in the other groups (P < 0.05). The Chao1 was the highest in the group C and significantly higher than the HA-HF group (P < 0.05). T, FT, insulin, MDA, LPS, and TNF-α levels had the negative correlation with the richness of community (Chao1 index) in the gut. The rats in the HF and HA-HF groups tended to have lower Shannon and Simpson indices than the C group (P < 0.01, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between C group and the HA group in the Shannon and Simpson values. Beta diversity analysis was then performed based on a weighted UniFrac analysis. The PCoA plots showed a clear separation of the C group from the other groups. ANOSIM analysis of variance confirmed that there were statistically significant separations between the C group and the HA, HA-HF, and HF groups (P < 0.01, respectively). These results showed that DHT with HFD could lower diversity of the gut microbial community. Both HFD and DHT could shift the overall gut microbial composition and change the composition of the microbial community in gut. Furthermore, our analyses demonstrated that the levels of TG, MDA, TNF-α, LPS, TLR4, T, FT, FINS, and HDL-C were correlated with the changes of in the gut microbiome. HFD and DHT were associated with the development and pathology of PCOS by shaping gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjie Liang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuna Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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252
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Heshiki Y, Vazquez-Uribe R, Li J, Ni Y, Quainoo S, Imamovic L, Li J, Sørensen M, Chow BKC, Weiss GJ, Xu A, Sommer MOA, Panagiotou G. Predictable modulation of cancer treatment outcomes by the gut microbiota. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:28. [PMID: 32138779 PMCID: PMC7059390 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has the potential to influence the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the contribution of the intestinal microbiome on treatment outcomes in a heterogeneous cohort that included multiple cancer types to identify microbes with a global impact on immune response. Human gut metagenomic analysis revealed that responder patients had significantly higher microbial diversity and different microbiota compositions compared to non-responders. A machine-learning model was developed and validated in an independent cohort to predict treatment outcomes based on gut microbiota composition and functional repertoires of responders and non-responders. Specific species, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides xylanisolvens, were positively correlated with treatment outcomes. Oral gavage of these responder bacteria significantly increased the efficacy of erlotinib and induced the expression of CXCL9 and IFN-γ in a murine lung cancer model. These data suggest a predictable impact of specific constituents of the microbiota on tumor growth and cancer treatment outcomes with implications for both prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaro Heshiki
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruben Vazquez-Uribe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Scott Quainoo
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lejla Imamovic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Glen J Weiss
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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253
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Gao R, Zhang X, Huang L, Shen R, Qin H. Gut Microbiota Alteration After Long-Term Consumption of Probiotics in the Elderly. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020. [PMID: 29520675 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been proven to be of crucial importance in maintaining human health. However, the microbiota profile changes with aging, while the loss of microbiota diversity and the alterations in the optimal composition and quantity of beneficial microbes are believed to increase the risk of many diseases. Although the short-term modulatory impact of probiotics on gut microbiota has been revealed in various studies, no studies focused on longer time consumption of probiotics have been demonstrated. In this study, we found that microbial diversity in the probiotic group was similar to that in the control. We identified a panel of microbiota changes, such as Blautia (10.24 vs. 3.76%, P = 0.006), Streptococcus (7.38 vs. 1.16%, P = 0.004), and Enterococcus (0.13 vs. 0.00%, P = 0.030) were more abundant in the probiotic group. Faecalibacterium, a genus containing anti-inflammatory property, also had a higher abundance in the probiotic group in the gut. The microbiota architecture in the different probiotic dose groups was also revealed. No statistical difference was observed in regard to the short-chain fatty acid concentration between the groups. High-dose intake of probiotics resulted in lower microbial richness. The profile of inflammatory factors indicated that only the level of IL-1β was higher in the probiotic population. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the long-time intake of probiotics caused significant changes in the gut microbiota structure, including an increase in the composition of beneficial microorganisms, which might contribute to the maintenance of host health and homeostasis of microenvironment. More prospective cohorts were needed to illustrate the influences of probiotics on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Gao
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linsheng Huang
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Shen
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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254
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Seok J, Suk KT. Gut-microbiome Taxonomic Profiling as Non-invasive Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Alcoholic Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF LIVER CANCER 2020; 20:32-40. [PMID: 37383053 PMCID: PMC10035701 DOI: 10.17998/jlc.20.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Background/Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent form of primary liver cancer and the fifth leading cause of worldwide cancer mortality. Though early diagnosis of HCC is important, so far lack of effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC has been a problem. In this study, we searched for potential functional biomarkers of alcoholic HCC by using metagenomics approach. Methods Between September 2017 and April 2019, normal control (n=44), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n=44), and alcoholic HCC (n=13) groups were prospectively enrolled and analyzed. Gut microbiota was analyzed using the 16S-based microbiome taxonomic profiling platform of EzBioCloud Apps and analyzing system. Results There was a statistically significant difference among groups in diversity (P<0.05). In the comparison of phylum between cirrhosis and HCC, Proteobacteria were increased and Bacteroidetes were decreased. Firmicutes were not significantly different among the three groups. In the taxonomic profiling, relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the cirrhosis and HCC groups showed richness (P<0.05). In the biomarker analysis between cirrhosis and HCC, obiquinome Fe-S protein 3, global nitrogen regulator, Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7, toxin YoeB, peroxisome-assembly ATPase, and nitrogen oxide reductase regulator were differently expressed (P<0.001). Conclusions Alcoholic HCC showed different expressions in the stool taxonomy and biomarker compared with that of cirrhosis and control. Therefore, new biomarkers using stool analysis for alcoholic HCC are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seok
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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255
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Wacoo AP, Atukunda P, Muhoozi G, Braster M, Wagner M, van den Broek TJ, Sybesma W, Westerberg AC, Iversen PO, Kort R. Aflatoxins: Occurrence, Exposure, and Binding to Lactobacillus Species from the Gut Microbiota of Rural Ugandan Children. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E347. [PMID: 32121365 PMCID: PMC7143030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of children in sub-Saharan Africa to aflatoxins has been associated with low birth weight, stunted growth, immune suppression, and liver function damage. Lactobacillus species have been shown to reduce aflatoxin contamination during the process of food fermentation. Twenty-three Lactobacillus strains were isolated from fecal samples obtained from a cohort of rural Ugandan children at the age of 54 to 60 months, typed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and characterized in terms of their ability to bind aflatoxin B1 in vitro. Evidence for chronic exposure of these children to aflatoxin B1 in the study area was obtained by analysis of local foods (maize flour and peanuts), followed by the identification of the breakdown product aflatoxin M1 in their urine samples. Surprisingly, Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of 140 children from the same cohort at 24 and 36 months showed the highest positive correlation coefficient with stunting among all bacterial genera identified in the stool samples. This correlation was interpreted to be associated with dietary changes from breastfeeding to plant-based solid foods that pose an additional risk for aflatoxin contamination, on one hand, and lead to increased intake of Lactobacillus species on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Paul Wacoo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.P.W.); (M.B.); (M.W.)
- Yoba for Life foundation, 1079 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda
| | - Prudence Atukunda
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.A.); (P.O.I.)
| | - Grace Muhoozi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Home Economics, Kyambogo University, P.O. Box 1 Kampala, Uganda;
| | - Martin Braster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.P.W.); (M.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Marijke Wagner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.P.W.); (M.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Tim J van den Broek
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands;
| | - Wilbert Sybesma
- Yoba for Life foundation, 1079 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ane C. Westerberg
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, 0107 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.A.); (P.O.I.)
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Remco Kort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.P.W.); (M.B.); (M.W.)
- Yoba for Life foundation, 1079 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- ARTIS-Micropia, 1018 CZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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256
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Méndez-Sánchez N, Valencia-Rodriguez A, Vera-Barajas A, Abenavoli L, Scarpellini E, Ponciano-Rodriguez G, Wang DQH. The mechanism of dysbiosis in alcoholic liver disease leading to liver cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6. [PMID: 32582865 PMCID: PMC7313221 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2019.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide, representing one of the main etiologies of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although we do not know the exact mechanisms by which only a selected group of patients with ALD progress to the final stage of HCC, the role of the gut microbiota within the progression to HCC has been intensively studied in recent years. To date, we know that alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis is an important feature of ALD with important repercussions on the severity of this disease. In essence, an increased metabolism of ethanol in the gut induced by an excessive alcohol consumption promotes gut dysfunction and bacterial overgrowth, setting a leaky gut. This causes the translocation of bacteria, endotoxins, and ethanol metabolites across the enterohepatic circulation reaching the liver, where the recognition of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns via specific Toll-like receptors of liver cells will induce the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway, which releases pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, the mitogenic activity of hepatocytes will be promoted and cellular apoptosis will be inhibited, resulting in the development of HCC. In this context, it is not surprising that microbiota-regulating drugs have proven effectiveness in prolonging the overall survival of patients with HCC, making attractive the implementation of these drugs as co-adjuvant for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, and Internal Medicine Unit, "Madonna del Soccorso" General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, San Benedetto del Tronto (AP) 63074, Italy
| | - Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodriguez
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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257
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Du Z, Wang Q, Huang X, Yi S, Mei S, Yuan G, Su G, Cao Q, Zhou C, Wang Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Effect of berberine on spleen transcriptome and gut microbiota composition in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106270. [PMID: 32044663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR) was reported to have immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated whether BBR could exert its effects on the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), and if so, what was the underlying mechanism? METHODS EAU was induced in B10R.III mice by immunization with IRBP 161-180, followed by 100 mg/kg/d BBR intragastric administration. Disease severity was assessed by evaluation of clinical and histopathological scores. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown was tested by Evans blue. Effector and regulatory T (Treg) cell balance was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Spleen transcriptome was characterized by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gut microbiota composition was investigated by 16S rRNA analysis. RESULTS BBR treatment significantly blocked EAU as shown by the decrease of the clinical and histological scores, as well as the inhibition of BRB breakdown. The frequency of splenic Th1 and Th17 cells was decreased, whereas Treg cells were increased in the BBR-treated group. RNA-seq of the spleen revealed 476 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the EAU and EAU-BBR group. GO functional classification, as well as KEGG analysis demonstrated that BBR treatment markedly influences genes belonging to chromatin remodeling and immune-related pathways. Intervention with BBR modified the gut microbiome in EAU mice, increasing the number of bacteria with immunomodulatory capacity. Depletion of gut microbiota affected the efficacy of BBR on EAU. Moreover, the altered bacterial strains showed a significant correlation with the expression of histones. CONCLUSIONS BBR inhibited IRBP induced EAU, which was associated with a significant change in the spleen transcriptome and intestinal microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shenglan Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Suyin Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gangxiang Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China.
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258
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Ni Y, Cheung CKY, Lam KSL, Wang Y, Xia Z, Ye D, Guo J, Tse MA, Panagiotou G, Xu A. Gut Microbiome Fermentation Determines the Efficacy of Exercise for Diabetes Prevention. Cell Metab 2020; 31:77-91.e5. [PMID: 31786155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy for diabetes management but is limited by the phenomenon of exercise resistance (i.e., the lack of or the adverse response to exercise on metabolic health). Here, in 39 medication-naive men with prediabetes, we found that exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiota correlated closely with improvements in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity (clinicaltrials.gov entry NCT03240978). The microbiome of responders exhibited an enhanced capacity for biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, whereas those of non-responders were characterized by increased production of metabolically detrimental compounds. Fecal microbial transplantation from responders, but not non-responders, mimicked the effects of exercise on alleviation of insulin resistance in obese mice. Furthermore, a machine-learning algorithm integrating baseline microbial signatures accurately predicted personalized glycemic response to exercise in an additional 30 subjects. These findings raise the possibility of maximizing the benefits of exercise by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Group, School of the Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Cynthia K Y Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S L Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Joint Laboratory between Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Joint Laboratory between Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael Andrew Tse
- Active Health Clinic, Centre for Sports and Exercise, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Group, School of the Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoll Institute, Jena, Germany; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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259
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Lai J, Zhao Y, Lu D, Bao R, Feng X, Zhang T, Liu Z. Noninvasive PET tracking of post-transplant gut microbiota in living mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:991-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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260
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Hou J, Zhang H, Sun B, Karin M. The immunobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and mice: Basic concepts and therapeutic implications. J Hepatol 2020; 72:167-182. [PMID: 31449859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Basic and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of immunotherapy, a technical and conceptual breakthrough that has revolutionised cancer treatment. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a deadly malignancy with aetiologic diversity and a chronic course, is strongly influenced by the immune system, and was recently found to partially benefit from immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Notably, HCC onco-immunology depends on diverse genetic and environmental factors that together shape cancer-promoting inflammation and immune dysfunction - critical processes that control HCC malignant progression and response to therapy. Herein, we summarise the current understanding of liver and HCC onco-immunology obtained through basic studies with mouse models and clinical practice in humans. In particular, we discuss preclinical and clinical findings that implicate immunomodulation as a major factor in HCC development and explain the basis for HCC-targeting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Abstract
The gut microbiome is the natural intestinal inhabitant that has been recognized recently as a major player in the maintenance of human health and the pathophysiology of many diseases. Those commensals produce metabolites that have various effects on host biological functions. Therefore, alterations in the normal composition or diversity of microbiome have been implicated in various diseases, including liver cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that progression of dysbiosis can be associated with worsening of liver disease. Here, we review the possible roles for gut microbiota in the development, progression, and complication of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya A M Albhaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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262
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Zhen H, Qian X, Fu X, Chen Z, Zhang A, Shi L. Regulation of Shaoyao Ruangan Mixture on Intestinal Flora in Mice With Primary Liver Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419843178. [PMID: 31006277 PMCID: PMC6477757 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419843178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Shaoyao Ruangan mixture (SRM) has been applied
clinically for more than 20 years in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital to treat patients
with primary liver cancer (PLC). Intestinal microecology plays an important role
in the emergence of liver diseases. This study aimed to reveal connections among
SRM, intestinal microbiota and PLC, and the potential targets of SRM for liver
cancer. Methods: We established a control group, a PLC model group,
and a treatment group of mice to analyze the inhibitory effect of SRM on PLC and
its intestinal flora target. We also evaluated drug efficacy of SRM and analyzed
specific changes in intestinal flora by 16S rDNA sequencing of stools. As the
serum interleukin (IL)-10 level could be an independent prognostic factor for
unresectable liver cancer, we detected IL-10 levels and analyzed their
association with the abundance of specific bacteria. Results: Liver
tumors in the treatment group were smaller and fewer than those in the model
group (P = .046). The abundance of Bacteroides
was significantly higher in the model group than that in the control group,
while SRM significantly reduced the increasing abundance of
Bacteroides in mice with PLC. We found that the IL-10 level
was positively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroides.
Conclusion: SRM can effectively inhibit the progression of PLC
and increase Bacteroides abundance. In view of the association
between Bacteroides and liver cancer and the significant
positive correlation between Bacteroides and IL-10 levels,
Bacteroides may be the target intestinal flora of SRM to
inhibit PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongde Zhen
- Second Clinical Medical College,
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fu
- Second Clinical Medical College,
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College,
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou,
People’s Republic of China
- Lei Shi, Department of Mammary Oncology,
Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou
310022, People’s Republic of China.
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263
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The Environmental Exposures and Inner- and Intercity Traffic Flows of the Metro System May Contribute to the Skin Microbiome and Resistome. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1190-1202.e5. [PMID: 30067975 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin functions as the primary interface between the human body and the external environment. To understand how the microbiome varies within urban mass transit and influences the skin microbiota, we profiled the human palm microbiome after contact with handrails within the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system. Intraday sampling time was identified as the primary determinant of the variation and recurrence of the community composition, whereas human-associated species and clinically important antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were captured as p.m. signatures. Line-specific signatures were notably correlated with line-specific environmental exposures and city characteristics. The sole cross-border line appeared as an outlier in most analyses and showed high relative abundance and a significant intraday increment of clinically important ARGs (24.1%), suggesting potential cross-border ARG transmission, especially for tetracycline and vancomycin resistance. Our study provides an important reference for future public health strategies to mitigate intracity and cross-border pathogen and ARG transmission.
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264
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Qi H, Liu Y, Qi X, Liang H, Chen H, Jiang P, Wang D. Dietary Recombinant Phycoerythrin Modulates the Gut Microbiota of H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E665. [PMID: 31779128 PMCID: PMC6950257 DOI: 10.3390/md17120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal intestinal flora is widely involved in many functions of the host: nutritional metabolism; maintenance of intestinal microecological balance; regulation of intestinal endocrine function and nerve signal transduction; promotion of intestinal immune system development and maturation; inhibition of pathogenic bacteria growth and colonization, reduction of its invasion to intestinal mucosa, and so on. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of various tumors. It is indicated that recombinant phycoerythrin (RPE) has significant anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. However, little is known about the mechanism of the effect of oral (or intragastric) administration of RPE on gut microbiota in tumor-bearing animals. In this study, using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing, we examined the response of gut microbiota in H22-bearing mice to dietary RPE supplementation. The results showed that the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the mice intestinal flora decreased and that of the detrimental flora increased after inoculation with tumor cells (H22); following treatment with dietary RPE, the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal flora significantly increased and that of detrimental bacteria decreased. In this study, for the first time, it was demonstrated that dietary RPE could modulate the gut microbiota of the H22 bearing mice by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreasing that of detrimental bacteria among intestinal bacteria, providing evidence for the mechanism by which bioactive proteins affect intestinal nutrition and disease resistance in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Qi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Food Science and Engineering Department, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China;
| | - Huaxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
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265
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Santos MS, Estevinho LM, Carvalho CAL, Morais JS, Conceição ALS, Paula VB, Magalhães-Guedes K, Almeida RCC. Probiotic Yogurt with Brazilian Red Propolis: Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties, Stability, and Shelf Life. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3429-3436. [PMID: 31751501 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the quality parameters in probiotic yogurt produced with Brazilian red propolis to replace potassium sorbate used in conventional yogurt (CY). Microbiological stability and shelf life, physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, chemical composition, and fatty acids), and bioactive properties (phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity) were evaluated. The addition of red propolis (0.05%) to replace the potassium sorbate did not change the pH, acidity, fatty acid profile, chemical composition, or shelf life. Microbiological stability of at least 28 days was achieved, while a drastic reduction in the lactic acid bacteria content was observed in the CY during refrigeration storage. Phenolic total contents were higher than those of the control, and consequently, yogurt with red propolis showed higher antioxidant activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The study indicates that Brazilian red propolis at 0.05% concentration to replace the potassium sorbate is an efficient alternative for use in yogurt production. The knowledge acquired about these types of Brazilian propolis provides an important contribution to food research in the discovery of new functional products to the market, seeking a healthier diet. Therefore, the produced yogurt proves to be an innovative product with functional and probiotic potential to be placed on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marly S Santos
- School of Nutrition, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Canela, Cep: 40.110-160, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Leticia M Estevinho
- CIMO-Mountain Research Center, Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança., Campus Santa Apolónia, Cep: 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carlos Alfredo L Carvalho
- Center of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental and Biological, Federal Univ. of Bahia Reconcavo, Rua Rui Barbosa, n° 710, Centro, Cep: 44.380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jorge S Morais
- CIMO-Mountain Research Center, Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança., Campus Santa Apolónia, Cep: 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Antonio Leandro S Conceição
- Center of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental and Biological, Federal Univ. of Bahia Reconcavo, Rua Rui Barbosa, n° 710, Centro, Cep: 44.380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Paula
- CIMO-Mountain Research Center, Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança., Campus Santa Apolónia, Cep: 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Karina Magalhães-Guedes
- Dept. of Bromatological Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Barão of Geremoabo Street, s/n, Ondina, Cep: 40.171-970, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rogeria C C Almeida
- School of Nutrition, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Canela, Cep: 40.110-160, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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266
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Morshedi M, Hashemi R, Moazzen S, Sahebkar A, Hosseinifard ES. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:231. [PMID: 31752913 PMCID: PMC6868771 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and autoimmune neurological disorder which leads to demyelination. Although the etiology of MS is yet to be known, it appears that regulating the immune system and suppressing inflammatory pathways may possibly have a favorable effect on the healing of this disease. Evidence suggests that probiotics consumption via gut microbiome alteration devises beneficial effects in improving immune and inflammatory responses in MS. All articles were systematically searched (in the main databases) for this paper. Two investigators independently scrutinized full texts of the potentially eligible articles. The quality of the study was evaluated using standardized tools. The methodological quality of seven studies included in this review ranged from fair to good. The findings illustrated that there were statistically significant improvements in the static and dynamic balance in patients and animals with MS. In the paper in hand, the effects of probiotics administration on immune and inflammatory markers in MS disease are evaluated. In addition, the limitations and knowledge gaps were reported while proposing a possible mechanism of probiotics therapy in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. This systematic review indicated that the probiotics could improve immune and inflammatory parameters, the cytokines and cells in MS disease. Probiotics may have efficient effects in management and treatment of MS. More studies are required to clarify the effect of supplementation with probiotics and their mechanisms in MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Morshedi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Hashemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Moazzen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713, GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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267
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Giannini EG, Aglitti A, Borzio M, Gambato M, Guarino M, Iavarone M, Lai Q, Levi Sandri GB, Melandro F, Morisco F, Ponziani FR, Rendina M, Russo FP, Sacco R, Viganò M, Vitale A, Trevisani F. Overview of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and The ITA.LI.CA Cohort Derived Estimate of Amenability Rate to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111689. [PMID: 31671581 PMCID: PMC6896125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in our understanding of the biology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this tumour remains difficult-to-cure for several reasons, starting from the particular disease environment where it arises—advanced chronic liver disease—to its heterogeneous clinical and biological behaviour. The advent, and good results, of immunotherapy for cancer called for the evaluation of its potential application also in HCC, where there is evidence of intra-hepatic immune response activation. Several studies advanced our knowledge of immune checkpoints expression in HCC, thus suggesting that immune checkpoint blockade may have a strong rationale even in the treatment of HCC. According to this background, initial studies with tremelimumab, a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor, and nivolumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody, showed promising results, and further studies exploring the effects of other immune checkpoint inhibitors, alone or with other drugs, are currently underway. However, we are still far from the identification of the correct setting, and sequence, where these drugs might be used in clinical practice, and their actual applicability in real-life is unknown. This review focuses on HCC immunobiology and on the potential of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for this tumour, with a critical evaluation of the available trials on immune checkpoint blocking antibodies treatment for HCC. Moreover, it assesses the potential applicability of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the real-life setting, by analysing a large, multicentre cohort of Italian patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo G Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Università di Genova, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico)-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Aglitti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Borzio
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Melegnano Martesana, 20063 Milan, Italy.
| | - Martina Gambato
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35124 Padua, Italy.
| | - Maria Guarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Iavarone
- CRC "A. M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Quirino Lai
- Liver Transplantation Program, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Fabio Melandro
- Dipartimento Assistenziale Integrato di Chirurgia Generale, Unità Operativa Complessa Epatica e Trapianto Fegato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filomena Morisco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Rendina
- UOC Gastroenterologia Universitaria, Dipartimento Emergenza e trapianti di organo, Azienda Policlinico-Universita' di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35124 Padua, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Sacco
- UOC Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Mauro Viganò
- Division of Hepatology, Ospedale San Giuseppe, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- UOC di Chirurgia Epatobiliare, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Azienda Università di Padova, 35124 Padua, Italy.
| | - Franco Trevisani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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268
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Chandel D, Sharma M, Chawla V, Sachdeva N, Shukla G. Isolation, characterization and identification of antigenotoxic and anticancerous indigenous probiotics and their prophylactic potential in experimental colon carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14769. [PMID: 31611620 PMCID: PMC6791833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, the third most commonly diagnosed cancer, is a lifestyle disease where diet and gut microbiome contribute intricately in its initiation and progression. Prophylactic bio-interventions mainly probiotics offer an alternate approach towards reducing or delaying its progression. Therefore, the present study was designed wherein a robust protocol for the isolation, characterization, and identification of indigenous probiotics having antigenotoxic and anticancerous activity was followed along with their prophylactic potential assessment in early experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. Among forty-six isolated lactic acid bacterial strains, only three were selected on the basis of antigenotoxicity against N,N-Dimethyl dihydrazine dihydrochloride and 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide and probiotic attributes. All three selected probiotic strains exhibited anticancerous potential as is evident by the reduced Aberrant Crypt Foci, reduced fecal pH, enhanced fecal lactic acid bacteria and altered fecal enzymes (β-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, β-glucosidase) that modulated gut microbiota and microenvironment resulting into restored histoarchitecture of the colon. The results are a clear indicator of the prophylactic potential of selected indigenous probiotics which may be used as an alternative prophylactic biological therapy against colon carcinogenesis particularly in highly susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Chandel
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mridul Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vibhindika Chawla
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Geeta Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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269
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Zhang Z, Tang H, Chen P, Xie H, Tao Y. Demystifying the manipulation of host immunity, metabolism, and extraintestinal tumors by the gut microbiome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:41. [PMID: 31637019 PMCID: PMC6799818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trillions of microorganisms in the gut microbiome have attracted much attention recently owing to their sophisticated and widespread impacts on numerous aspects of host pathophysiology. Remarkable progress in large-scale sequencing and mass spectrometry has increased our understanding of the influence of the microbiome and/or its metabolites on the onset and progression of extraintestinal cancers and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Given the plasticity in microbial composition and function, microbial-based therapeutic interventions, including dietary modulation, prebiotics, and probiotics, as well as fecal microbial transplantation, potentially permit the development of novel strategies for cancer therapy to improve clinical outcomes. Herein, we summarize the latest evidence on the involvement of the gut microbiome in host immunity and metabolism, the effects of the microbiome on extraintestinal cancers and the immune response, and strategies to modulate the gut microbiome, and we discuss ongoing studies and future areas of research that deserve focused research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078 Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078 Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, China
| | - Haosheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078 Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078 Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078 Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078 Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
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270
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Pocha C, Xie C. Hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-one of a kind or two different enemies? Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:72. [PMID: 31728429 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a cancer with an overall poor prognosis and an alarming globally rising incidence. While viral etiology of chronic liver disease and HCC is down-trending, alcohol and excess calorie intake have emerged as major culprits. Alcohol related liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share similar pathogenetic mechanism of hepatic injury and in promoting development of HCC; yet some genetic and epigenetic features are distinct and may promise clinical utility. Population based intervention are urgently needed to reduce alcohol use and improve metabolic factors such as obesity and diabetes. The goal is to identify at-risk patients, to link these patients to care and to provide effective management of chronic liver disease and HCC. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology including genetic and epigenetic altercation as well as clinical aspects of ALD and NAFLD associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pocha
- Avera McKennnan Hospital and University Medical Center, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chencheng Xie
- Avera McKennnan Hospital and University Medical Center, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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271
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Huang G, Xu J, Cai D, Chen SY, Nagy T, Guo TL. Exacerbation of Type 1 Diabetes in Perinatally Genistein Exposed Female Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Is Associated With Alterations of Gut Microbiota and Immune Homeostasis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:291-301. [PMID: 29982808 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various hypothesized benefits of dietary isoflavone genistein (GEN) from soy-based products, many questions surrounding GEN's immunotoxic effects, especially during perinatal exposure, have yet to be answered. The objective of the study was to determine if there existed a sex-specific effect of GEN on type 1 diabetes (T1D) following perinatal exposure. We exposed offspring of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice to GEN per oral at a physiological dose (20 mg/kg body weight) from embryonic day 7 to postnatal day (PND) 21. In female offspring, perinatal GEN dosing significantly increased the incidence of T1D at early time points, and the exacerbation was associated with decreased serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IgG2a, and IgM. In male offspring dosed with GEN, a decrease in serum IgG1 was also observed. Flow cytometric analysis in females suggested an increased pro-inflammatory splenic CD5+CD24- and CD4-CD8+ cell counts, while both %T cells and %CD4+ T cells were significantly decreased in males, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. Gut microbiota (GMB) analysis indicated that fecal microbiota from PND 90 female offspring exhibited an increased level of Enterobacteriales (suggesting a pro-inflammatory response), while the similar changes were not found in PND 30 females. Moreover, RNA sequencing showed that intestinal α-defensin expression was down-regulated in GEN-treated females, supporting a pro-inflammatory response. However, perinatal GEN administration perturbed GMB toward an anti-inflammatory response in PND 90 males. Taken together, a strong sex-specific effect was found in the perinatal GEN exposure window, and the T1D exacerbation in NOD females was associated with GMB-related immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health
| | - Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Dunpeng Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine
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272
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Wu R, Mei X, Ye Y, Xue T, Wang J, Sun W, Lin C, Xue R, Zhang J, Xu D. Zn(II)-curcumin solid dispersion impairs hepatocellular carcinoma growth and enhances chemotherapy by modulating gut microbiota-mediated zinc homeostasis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104454. [PMID: 31526871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc(II) complexes of curcumin display moderate cytotoxicity towards cancer cells at low micromolar concentrations. However, the clinical use of zinc(II) complexes is hampered by hydrolytic insolubility and poor bioavailability and their anticancer mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of action of a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-k30)-based solid dispersion of Zn(II)-curcumin (ZnCM-SD) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro assays revealed ZnCM-SD not only reduced the viability of HepG2 cells and SK-HEP1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but also potently and synergistically enhanced cell growth inhibition and cell death in response to doxorubicin by regulating cellular zinc homeostasis. ZnCM-SD was internalized into the cells via non-specific endocytosis and degraded to release curcumin and Zn2+ ions within cells. The anticancer effects also occur in vivo in animals following the oral administration of ZnCM-SD, without significantly affecting the weight of the animals. Interestingly, ZnCM-SD did not reduce tumor growth or affect zinc homeostasis in HepG2-bearing mice after gut microbiome depletion. Moreover, administration of ZnCM-SD alone or in combination with doxorubicin significantly attenuated gut dysbiosis and zinc dyshomeostasis in a rat HCC model. Notably, fecal microbiota transplantation revealed the ability of ZnCM-SD to regulate zinc homeostasis and act as a chemosensitizer for doxorubicin were dependent on the gut microbiota. The crucial role of the gut microbiota in the chemosensitizing ability of ZnCM-SD was confirmed by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Collectively, ZnCM-SD could represent a simple, well-tolerated, safe, effective therapy and function as a novel chemosensitizing agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Wu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Mei
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibiao Ye
- Department of Hepato-Billiary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxue Xue
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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273
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Zhao ZH, Xin FZ, Xue Y, Hu Z, Han Y, Ma F, Zhou D, Liu XL, Cui A, Liu Z, Liu Y, Gao J, Pan Q, Li Y, Fan JG. Indole-3-propionic acid inhibits gut dysbiosis and endotoxin leakage to attenuate steatohepatitis in rats. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-14. [PMID: 31506421 PMCID: PMC6802644 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have emerged as critical components that mediate the metabolic effects of the gut microbiota. Here, we show that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a tryptophan metabolite produced by gut bacteria, is a potent anti-non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) microbial metabolite. Here, we demonstrate that administration of IPA modulates the microbiota composition in the gut and inhibits microbial dysbiosis in rats fed a high-fat diet. IPA induces the expression of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1 and Occludin, and maintains intestinal epithelium homeostasis, leading to a reduction in plasma endotoxin levels. Interestingly, IPA inhibits NF-κB signaling and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, in response to endotoxin in macrophages to repress hepatic inflammation and liver injury. Moreover, IPA is sufficient to inhibit the expression of fibrogenic and collagen genes and attenuate diet-induced NASH phenotypes. The beneficial effects of IPA on the liver are likely mediated through inhibiting the production of endotoxin in the gut. These findings suggest a protective role of IPA in the control of metabolism and uncover the gut microbiome and liver cross-talk in regulating the intestinal microenvironment and liver pathology via a novel dietary nutrient metabolite. IPA may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating NASH. A molecule made by beneficial microbes in the gut helps protect against a severe form of fatty liver disease by preventing bacterial toxins from leaking out of the intestines into the bloodstream. A research team in China led by Yu Li from the Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (CAS) and Jian-Gao Fan from Xinhua Hospital (SJTU) showed in a rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a metabolite produced by gut bacteria, helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal inner lining. The more robust intestinal barrier ensures that bacterial toxins do not enter the bloodstream and eventually reach the liver, where they can trigger injury-inducing inflammation. The findings reveal an interaction between the gut microbiome and the liver, and suggest a role for IPA in the treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Zhao
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Xin
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengguang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aoyuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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274
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Jia B, Jeon CO. Promotion and induction of liver cancer by gut microbiome-mediated modulation of bile acids. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007954. [PMID: 31487329 PMCID: PMC6728016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Jia
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (BJ); (COJ)
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (BJ); (COJ)
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275
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Yue M, Tao Y, Fang Y, Lian X, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Wei Z, Dai Y. The gut microbiota modulator berberine ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in rats by facilitating the generation of butyrate and adjusting the intestinal hypoxia and nitrate supply. FASEB J 2019; 33:12311-12323. [PMID: 31425655 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900425rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The commensal microbiota is one of the environmental triggers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have identified the characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with RA. However, it is still unclear how the microbiota can be modulated to slow down disease progression. In the present study, berberine, a modulator of gut microbiota with substantial anti-RA effect, was chosen to explore the mechanisms by which the microbiota modulators ameliorate RA. The results showed that oral administration of berberine alleviated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Berberine down-regulated the diversity and richness of the gut bacteria, reduced the abundance of Prevotella, and elevated the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in CIA rats as determined by the 16S rRNA gene sequence, which might function through limiting the generation of nitrate and stabilizing the physiologic hypoxia in the intestine. Moreover, berberine treatment significantly increased the intestinal butyrate level and promoted the expression and activity of butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA transferase (BUT). The coadministration of a BUT inhibitor largely diminished the adjustment of intestinal environment and the antiarthritic effect of berberine. In conclusion, modulators of the gut microbiota might serve as therapeutic agents for RA by inducing the butyrate generation through promoting the expression and activity of BUT.-Yue, M., Tao, Y., Fang, Y., Lian, X., Zhang, Q., Xia, Y., Wei, Z., Dai, Y. The gut microbiota modulator berberine ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in rats by facilitating the generation of butyrate and adjusting the intestinal hypoxia and nitrate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Yue
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulai Fang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingpan Lian
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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276
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Liu XN, Cui DN, Li YF, Liu YH, Liu G, Liu L. Multiple “Omics” data-based biomarker screening for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4199-4212. [PMID: 31435173 PMCID: PMC6700689 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The huge prognostic difference between early and late stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging diagnostic problem. Alpha-fetoprotein is the mostly widely used biomarker for HCC used in the clinic, however it’s sensitivity and specificity of is not optimal. The development and application of multiple biotechnologies, including next generation sequencing, multiple “omics” data, that include genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics has been used for HCC diagnostic biomarker screening. Effective biomarkers/panels/models have been identified and validated at different clinical levels. A large proportion of these have a good diagnostic performance for HCC, especially for early HCC. In this article, we reviewed the various HCC biomarkers derived from “omics” data and discussed the advantages and disadvantages for diagnosis HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan-Ni Cui
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Fang Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-He Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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277
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Liu XN, Cui DN, Li YF, Liu YH, Liu G, Liu L. Multiple “Omics” data-based biomarker screening for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i29.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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278
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Stashenko P, Yost S, Choi Y, Danciu T, Chen T, Yoganathan S, Kressirer C, Ruiz-Tourrella M, Das B, Kokaras A, Frias-Lopez J. The Oral Mouse Microbiome Promotes Tumorigenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. mSystems 2019; 4:e00323-19. [PMID: 31387932 PMCID: PMC6687944 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00323-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. Dysbiosis of the microbiome has increasingly been linked to the development of different kinds of cancer. Applying 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and metatranscriptomic analyses, we characterized the longitudinal changes in the profiles and the function of the oral microbiome in a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced model of OSCC in gnotobiotic mice. We characterized the dynamics of the oral microbiome in this model using two different microbiome inocula: one from healthy mice and the other from mice bearing a 4-NQO-induced tumor. Mice colonized with different oral microbiomes and exposed to 4-NQO had increased tumor numbers and sizes compared to controls exposed to 4-NQO but lacking a microbiome. We observed an overall increase in diversity in the tumorigenic samples compared to that in the nontumor group not exposed to 4-NQO. Despite the variability in community dynamics, specific patterns emerged during the progression of the disease. In the two groups that were inoculated with the OSCC-associated microbiome, we observed opposite profiles of abundance in Parabacteroides and Corynebacterium While the percentage of Parabacteroides bacteria decreased in the control group, it increased in the OSCC group, and the opposite was observed for Corynebacterium The metatranscriptomic analysis revealed overexpression of the same metabolic signatures associated with OSCC regardless of the community profile. These included nitrogen transport, response to stress, interspecies interactions, Wnt pathway modulation, and amino acid and lipid biosynthesis. Thus, these results seem to suggest that certain collective physiological activities are critical for microbiome-mediated OSCC progression.IMPORTANCE There is growing evidence that changes in the microbiome are associated with carcinogenesis. To date, no consistent oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC has been identified. Longitudinal and functional studies like the study presented here should yield a better understanding of the role that the oral microbiome plays in OSCC. Our findings, obtained using a germ-free mouse model, indicate that the presence of different oral microbiomes enhances tumorigenesis and increases the final number of tumors in mice. By studying community-wide expression profiles, we found that regardless of the phylogenetic composition of the microbiome, the same metabolic activities were consistently associated with OSCC. Therefore, due to the functional redundancy of the microbiome, the critical element in explaining the contribution of the microbiota in OSCC is the collective physiological activity of the community, thus accounting for the previous inability to identify a consensus community profile or etiologic agents for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Stashenko
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Yost
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoonhee Choi
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theodora Danciu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bikul Das
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Thoreau Lab for Global Health, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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279
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Qi Z, Shi S, Tu J, Li S. Comparative metagenomic sequencing analysis of cecum microbiotal diversity and function in broilers and layers. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:316. [PMID: 31406638 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gastrointestinal microorganisms in poultry is closely associated with the host and its environment. In this study, using 16S rRNA and metagenomic techniques, we comprehensively analyzed the structure and diversity of the cecal microbiota of broiler chickens (BC) and laying hens (LH). The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the main cecal bacterial phyla in BC and LH. However, at the genus level, LH had a greater abundance of Bacteroides (P < 0.05), Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P < 0.01), Phascolarctobacterium (P < 0.05), Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05), Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 (P < 0.05), and unclassified_o_Bacteroidales (P < 0.05), whereas BC had a greater abundance of Alistipes (P < 0.05), Rikenella (P < 0.05), Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (P < 0.05), Lachnoclostridium (P < 0.05), and unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.05). It is particularly noteworthy that the genus Desulfovibrio was significantly more abundant in the LH cecum than in the BC cecum (P < 0.05). A metagenomic analysis showed that the annotations in the LH dataset were significantly more abundant than in the BC dataset, and included replication, recombination and repair, energy production and transformation, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, and amino acid transport and metabolism-related functions (P < 0.05). This study indicates that microbial genotypic differences in chickens of the same species can cause changes in the abundances of the gut microbiota, but do not alter the structural composition or major functional characteristics of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qi
- 1School of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiqin Shi
- 2Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tu
- 2Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowen Li
- 1School of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui People's Republic of China
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280
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Chen J, McIlroy SE, Archana A, Baker DM, Panagiotou G. A pollution gradient contributes to the taxonomic, functional, and resistome diversity of microbial communities in marine sediments. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:104. [PMID: 31307536 PMCID: PMC6632204 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coastal marine environments are one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth. However, anthropogenic impacts exert significant pressure on coastal marine biodiversity, contributing to functional shifts in microbial communities and human health risk factors. However, relatively little is known about the impact of eutrophication-human-derived nutrient pollution-on the marine microbial biosphere. RESULTS Here, we tested the hypothesis that benthic microbial diversity and function varies along a pollution gradient, with a focus on human pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. Comprehensive metagenomic analysis including taxonomic investigation, functional detection, and ARG annotation revealed that zinc, lead, total volatile solids, and ammonia nitrogen were correlated with microbial diversity and function. We propose several microbes, including Planctomycetes and sulfate-reducing microbes as candidates to reflect pollution concentration. Annotation of antibiotic resistance genes showed that the highest abundance of efflux pumps was found at the most polluted site, corroborating the relationship between pollution and human health risk factors. This result suggests that sediments at polluted sites harbor microbes with a higher capacity to reduce intracellular levels of antibiotics, heavy metals, or other environmental contaminants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a correlation between pollution and the marine sediment microbiome and provide insight into the role of high-turnover microbial communities as well as potential pathogenic organisms as real-time indicators of water quality, with implications for human health and demonstrate the inner functional shifts contributed by the microcommunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chen
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shelby E McIlroy
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anand Archana
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David M Baker
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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281
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Alsahafi E, Begg K, Amelio I, Raulf N, Lucarelli P, Sauter T, Tavassoli M. Clinical update on head and neck cancer: molecular biology and ongoing challenges. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31308358 PMCID: PMC6629629 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are an aggressive, genetically complex and difficult to treat group of cancers. In lieu of truly effective targeted therapies, surgery and radiotherapy represent the primary treatment options for most patients. But these treatments are associated with significant morbidity and a reduction in quality of life. Resistance to both radiotherapy and the only available targeted therapy, and subsequent relapse are common. Research has therefore focussed on identifying biomarkers to stratify patients into clinically meaningful groups and to develop more effective targeted therapies. However, as we are now discovering, the poor response to therapy and aggressive nature of HNSCCs is not only affected by the complex alterations in intracellular signalling pathways but is also heavily influenced by the behaviour of the extracellular microenvironment. The HNSCC tumour landscape is an environment permissive of these tumours' aggressive nature, fostered by the actions of the immune system, the response to tumour hypoxia and the influence of the microbiome. Solving these challenges now rests on expanding our knowledge of these areas, in parallel with a greater understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC subtypes. This update aims to build on our earlier 2014 review by bringing up to date our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCCs and provide insights into areas of ongoing research and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alsahafi
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katheryn Begg
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nina Raulf
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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282
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Qiu M, Huang K, Liu Y, Yang Y, Tang H, Liu X, Wang C, Chen H, Xiong Y, Zhang J, Yang J. Modulation of intestinal microbiota by glycyrrhizic acid prevents high-fat diet-enhanced pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:945-957. [PMID: 30755716 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) promotes lung pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome them. Here we demonstrate that glycyrrhizic acid (GA) prevents HFD-enhanced pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis through gut microbiota. GA reduced HFD-enhanced myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment, pro-metastatic protein S100A8/A9 expression and metastasis burden of 4T1 breast cancer and B16F10 melanoma, accompanied by gut microbiota alteration and colonic macrophage polarization far away the M1-like phenotype. These parameters were greatly decreased by treatment with antibiotics, recolonization of Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Clostridium sordellii, and administration of lipopolysaccharide or deoxycholic acid. Macrophage depletion attenuated HFD-enhanced pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis, but failed to further affect the effects of GA. Mechanistically, counteraction of HFD-enhanced gut microbiota dysbiosis by GA inhibited Gr-1+ myeloid cell migration and S100A8/A9 expression through decreasing the proportion of M1-like macrophages and their production of CCL2 and TNF-α in the colons via LPS/HMGB1/NF-κB signaling inactivation. Together, targeting the gut microbiota by GA to modulate colonic macrophages could be a novel strategy for the prevention of HFD-enhanced pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Honglin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenlong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Animal Experimental Center of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.
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283
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Cogdill AP, Gaudreau PO, Arora R, Gopalakrishnan V, Wargo JA. The Impact of Intratumoral and Gastrointestinal Microbiota on Systemic Cancer Therapy. Trends Immunol 2019; 39:900-920. [PMID: 30392721 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a complex aggregate of microorganisms, and their genomes exert a number of influences crucial to the metabolic, immunologic, hormonal, and homeostatic function of the host. Recent work, both in preclinical mouse models and human studies, has shed light on the impact of gut and tumor microbiota on responses to systemic anticancer therapeutics. In light of this, strategies to target the microbiome to improve therapeutic responses are underway, including efforts to target gut and intratumoral microbes. Here, we discuss mechanisms by which microbiota may impact systemic and antitumor immunity, in addition to outstanding questions in the field. A deeper understanding of these is critical as we devise putative strategies to target the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria P Cogdill
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pierre Olivier Gaudreau
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Reetakshi Arora
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work.
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284
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Espíndola KMM, Ferreira RG, Narvaez LEM, Silva Rosario ACR, da Silva AHM, Silva AGB, Vieira APO, Monteiro MC. Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Caffeic Acid and Its Activity in Hepatocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:541. [PMID: 31293975 PMCID: PMC6598430 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound synthesized by all plant species and is present in foods such as coffee, wine, tea, and popular medicines such as propolis. This phenolic acid and its derivatives have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activity. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anticarcinogenic activity of this compound against an important type of cancer, hepatocarcinoma (HCC), considered to be of high incidence, highly aggressive and causing considerable mortality across the world. The anticancer properties of CA are associated with its antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacity, attributed to its chemical structure that has free phenolic hydroxyls, the number and position of OH in the catechol group and the double bond in the carbonic chain. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that this compound is hydrolyzed by the microflora of colonies and metabolized mainly in the intestinal mucosa through phase II enzymes, submitted to conjugation and methylation processes, forming sulphated, glucuronic and/or methylated conjugates by the action of sulfotransferases, UDP-glucotransferases, and o-methyltransferases, respectively. The transmembrane flux of CA in intestinal cells occurs through active transport mediated by monocarboxylic acid carriers. CA can act by preventing the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), inducing DNA oxidation of cancer cells, as well as reducing tumor cell angiogenesis, blocking STATS (transcription factor and signal translation 3) and suppression of MMP2 and MMP-9 (collagen IV metalloproteases). Thus, this review provides an overview of the chemical and pharmacological parameters of CA and its derivatives, demonstrating its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic aspects, as well as a critical analysis of its action in the fight against hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Murilo Monteiro Espíndola
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Exact and Natural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Roseane Guimarães Ferreira
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Mosquera Narvaez
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Agnes Hanna Machado da Silva
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabrielle Bispo Silva
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Oliveira Vieira
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
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285
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Novik G, Savich V. Beneficial microbiota. Probiotics and pharmaceutical products in functional nutrition and medicine. Microbes Infect 2019; 22:8-18. [PMID: 31233819 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article is mainly devoted to such representatives of gut microbiota as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, with minor accent on less frequently used or new probiotic microorganisms. Positive effects in treatment and prevention of diseases by different microbial groups, their metabolites and mechanisms of action, management and market of probiotic products are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Novik
- Belarusian Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, the Republic of Belarus.
| | - Victoria Savich
- Belarusian Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, the Republic of Belarus
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286
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Zhou W, Guo R, Guo W, Hong J, Li L, Ni L, Sun J, Liu B, Rao P, Lv X. Monascus yellow, red and orange pigments from red yeast rice ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Wistar rats fed on a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2019; 10:1073-1084. [PMID: 30720827 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the hypolipidaemic activities of different Monascus pigments (yellow, red and orange pigments) and elucidate their possible regulatory mechanisms on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in rats fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). Results showed that oral administrations of Monascus yellow, red and orange pigments can markedly alleviate the disturbance of lipid metabolism through ameliorating the serum lipid levels and suppressing hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. Meanwhile, the excretion of fecal cholesterol, triacylglycerols and bile acids was also promoted by the oral administrations of different Monascus pigments (MPs). Furthermore, Monascus pigment (MP) supplementation produced significant structural changes in the intestinal microbiota of HFD-fed rats, and modulated the relative abundance of functionally related microbial phylotypes compared with the HFD group in particular. Key phylotypes in response to the HFD and Monascus pigment (MP) intervention were found to strongly correlate with the lipid metabolism disorder associated parameters using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Some beneficial gut microbiota (such as Oscillibacter sp., Ruminococcus albus, Clostridium sp., etc.) were found to be negatively correlated with the serum and hepatic lipid indicator. Moreover, Monascus pigment (MP) treatments regulated the mRNA expression levels of the genes responsible for lipid and cholesterol metabolism. In general, different Monascus pigments (MPs) regulate the homeostasis of lipid and cholesterol metabolism through different regulatory pathways. These findings illustrated that not only Monascus yellow pigments, but also Monascus red and orange pigments have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, and therefore could be used as potential functional food ingredients for the prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China.
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287
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Golonka R, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M. Dietary Additives and Supplements Revisited: The Fewer, the Safer for Liver and Gut Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:303-316. [PMID: 32864300 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The supplementation of dietary additives into processed foods has exponentially increased in the past few decades. Similarly, the incidence rates of various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, have been elevating. Current research reveals that there is a positive association between food additives and these pathophysiological diseases. This review highlights the research published within the past 5 years that elucidate and update the effects of dietary supplements on liver and intestinal health. Recent Findings Some of the key findings include: enterocyte dysfunction of fructose clearance causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-caloric sweeteners are hepatotoxic; dietary emulsifiers instigate gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis; and certain prebiotics can induce cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in gut dysbiotic mice. Overall, multiple reports suggest that the administration of purified, dietary supplements could cause functional damage to both the liver and gut. Summary The extraction of bioactive components from natural resources was considered a brilliant method to modulate human health. However, current research highlights that such purified components may negatively affect individuals with microbiotal dysbiosis, resulting in a deeper break of the symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiota, which can lead to repercussions on gut and liver health. Therefore, ingestion of these dietary additives should not go without some caution!
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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288
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Nicoletti A, Pompili M, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Going with the gut: probiotics as a novel therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2019; 8:295-297. [PMID: 31245418 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Ponziani
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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289
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Ren Z, Li A, Jiang J, Zhou L, Yu Z, Lu H, Xie H, Chen X, Shao L, Zhang R, Xu S, Zhang H, Cui G, Chen X, Sun R, Wen H, Lerut JP, Kan Q, Li L, Zheng S. Gut microbiome analysis as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2019; 68:1014-1023. [PMID: 30045880 PMCID: PMC6580753 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise gut microbiome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate the potential of microbiome as non-invasive biomarkers for HCC. DESIGN We collected 486 faecal samples from East China, Central China and Northwest China prospectively and finally 419 samples completed Miseq sequencing. We characterised gut microbiome, identified microbial markers and constructed HCC classifier in 75 early HCC, 40 cirrhosis and 75 healthy controls. We validated the results in 56 controls, 30 early HCC and 45 advanced HCC. We further verified diagnosis potential in 18 HCC from Xinjiang and 80 HCC from Zhengzhou. RESULTS Faecal microbial diversity was increased from cirrhosis to early HCC with cirrhosis. Phylum Actinobacteria was increased in early HCC versus cirrhosis. Correspondingly, 13 genera including Gemmiger and Parabacteroides were enriched in early HCC versus cirrhosis. Butyrate-producing genera were decreased, while genera producing-lipopolysaccharide were increased in early HCC versus controls. The optimal 30 microbial markers were identified through a fivefold cross-validation on a random forest model and achieved an area under the curve of 80.64% between 75 early HCC and 105 non-HCC samples. Notably, gut microbial markers validated strong diagnosis potential for early HCC and even advanced HCC. Importantly, microbial markers successfully achieved a cross-region validation of HCC from Northwest China and Central China. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to characterise gut microbiome in patients with HCC and to report the successful diagnosis model establishment and cross-region validation of microbial markers for HCC. Gut microbiota-targeted biomarkers represent potential non-invasive tools for early diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China,Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Department, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Centre, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shaoyan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jan P Lerut
- Starzl Unit Abdominal Transplantation, University Hospitals Saint Luc, Université catholique Louvain, UCL Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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290
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Lactobacillus casei protects dextran sodium sulfate- or rapamycin-induced colonic inflammation in the mouse. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1443-1451. [PMID: 31123864 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human colon inflammation is associated with changes in the diverse and abundant microorganisms in the gut. As important beneficial microbes, Lactobacillus contributes to the immune responses and intestinal integrity that may alleviate experimental colitis. However, the mechanisms underlying probiotic benefits have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate or rapamycin-challenged mice were used as model for colon inflammation evaluation. Histological scores of the colon, levels of colonic myeloperoxidase, serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were assessed as inflammatory markers and the gut microbiota profiles of each mouse were studied. RESULTS We found that Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ) can prevent experimental colitis and rapamycin-induced inflammation in intestinal mucosa by improving histological scores, decreasing host inflammatory cytokines, modulating gut-dominated bacteria, enhancing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression and downregulating the expression of p-STAT3 (phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) or Akt/NF-κB (AKT serine/threonine kinase and nuclear factor kappa B). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that LCZ may provide effective prevention against colitis.
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291
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The microbiota and microbiome in pancreatic cancer: more influential than expected. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:97. [PMID: 31109338 PMCID: PMC6526613 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is just beginning to be recognized as an important player in carcinogenesis and the interplay among microbes is greater than expected. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease for which mortality closely parallels incidence. Early detection would provide the best opportunity to increase survival rates. Specific well-studied oral, gastrointestinal, and intrapancreatic microbes and some kinds of hepatotropic viruses and bactibilia may have potential etiological roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis, or modulating individual responses to oncotherapy. Concrete mechanisms mainly involve perpetuating inflammation, regulating the immune system-microbe-tumor axis, affecting metabolism, and altering the tumor microenvironment. The revolutionary technology of omics has generated insight into cancer microbiomes. A better understanding of the microbiota in PDAC might lead to the establishment of screening or early-stage diagnosis methods, implementation of cancer bacteriotherapy, adjustment of therapeutic efficacy even alleviating the adverse effects, creating new opportunities and fostering hope for desperate PDAC patients.
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292
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Circulating Microbiota-Based Metagenomic Signature for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7536. [PMID: 31101866 PMCID: PMC6525191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microbial dysbiosis is associated with chronic liver disease including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. In this study, we evaluated whether disease-specific alterations of circulating microbiome are present in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for HCC. We performed cross-sectional metagenomic analyses of serum samples from 79 patients with HCC, 83 with cirrhosis, and 201 matching healthy controls, and validated the results in the same number of subjects. Serum bacterial DNA was analyzed using high-throughput pyrosequencing after amplification of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rDNA. Blood microbial diversity was significantly reduced in HCC, compared with cirrhosis and control. There were significant differences in the relative abundances of several bacterial taxa that correlate with the presence of HCC, thus defining a specific blood microbiome-derived metagenomic signature of HCC. We identified 5 microbial gene markers-based model which distinguished HCC from controls with an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.879 and a balanced accuracy of 81.6%. In the validation, this model accurately distinguished HCC with an AUC of 0.875 and an accuracy of 79.8%. In conclusion, circulating microbiome-based signatures may be potential biomarkers for the detection HCC.
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293
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Nagano T, Otoshi T, Hazama D, Kiriu T, Umezawa K, Katsurada N, Nishimura Y. Novel cancer therapy targeting microbiome. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3619-3624. [PMID: 31190864 PMCID: PMC6526180 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s207546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human intestinal tract, there are more than 100 trillion symbiotic bacteria, which form the gut microbiota. Approximately 70% of the human immune system is in the intestinal tract, which prevents infection by pathogenic bacteria. When the intestinal microbiota is disturbed, causing dysbiosis, it can lead to obesity, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder and cancer. Recent metabolomics analyses have also made the association between the microbiota and carcinogenesis clear. Here, we review the current evidence on the association between the microbiota and gastric, bladder, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, lung and colorectal cancer. Moreover, several animal studies have revealed that probiotics seem to be effective for the prevention of carcinogenesis to some extent. In this review, we focused on this relationship between the microbiota and cancer, and considered how to prevent cancer using strategies involving the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takehiro Otoshi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hazama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Kiriu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kanoko Umezawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoko Katsurada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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294
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Ponziani FR, Nicoletti A, Gasbarrini A, Pompili M. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the gut microbiota in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919848184. [PMID: 31205505 PMCID: PMC6535703 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919848184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the human body and its alterations are associated with the development of different pathological conditions. The liver is the organ most exposed to the influence of the gut microbiota, and recently important connections between the intestinal flora and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been described. In fact, HCC is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis and develops in a microenvironment where inflammation, immunological alterations, and cellular aberrations are dramatically evident. Prevention and diagnosis in the earliest stages are still the most effective weapons in fighting this tumor. Animal models show that the gut microbiota can be involved in the promotion and progression of HCC directly or through different pathogenic mechanisms. Recent data in humans have confirmed these preclinical findings, shedding new light on HCC pathogenesis. Limitations due to the different experimental design, the ethnic and hepatological setting make it difficult to compare the results and draw definitive conclusions, but these studies lay the foundations for a pathogenetic redefinition of HCC. Therefore, it is evident that the characterization of the gut microbiota and its modulation can have an enormous diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic potential, especially in patients with early stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Alberto Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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295
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Role of Gut Microbiota in Hepatocarcinogenesis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050121. [PMID: 31060311 PMCID: PMC6560397 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, has a causal nexus with liver injury, inflammation, and regeneration that accumulates over decades. Observations from recent studies have accounted for the involvement of the gut–liver axis in the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for HCC. The human intestine nurtures a diversified colony of microorganisms residing in the host ecosystem. The intestinal barrier is critical for conserving the normal physiology of the gut microbiome. Therefore, a rupture of this barrier or dysbiosis can cause the intestinal microbiome to serve as the main source of portal-vein endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide, in the progression of hepatic diseases. Indeed, increased bacterial translocation is a key sign of HCC. Considering the limited number of clinical studies on HCC with respect to the microbiome, we focus on clinical as well as animal studies involving the gut microbiota, with the current understandings of the mechanism by which the intestinal dysbiosis promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. Future research might offer mechanistic insights into the specific phyla targeting the leaky gut, as well as microbial dysbiosis, and their metabolites, which represent key pathways that drive HCC-promoting microbiome-mediated liver inflammation and fibrosis, thereby restoring the gut barrier function.
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296
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Ho CM, Chen HL, Hu RH, Lee PH. Harnessing immunotherapy for liver recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a review from a transplant oncology perspective. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919843463. [PMID: 31065295 PMCID: PMC6487770 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919843463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Without stringent criteria, liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can lead to high cancer recurrence and poor prognosis in the current treatment context. Checkpoint inhibitors can lead to long survival by targeting coinhibitory pathways and promoting T-cell activity; thus, they have great potential for cancer immunotherapy. Therapeutic modulation of cosignaling pathways may shift paradigms from surgical prevention of recurrence to oncological intervention. Herein, we review the available evidence from a therapeutic perspective and focus on immune microenvironment perturbation by immunosuppressants and checkpoint inhibitors. Partial and reversible interleukin-2 signaling blockade is the mainstream strategy of immunosuppression for graft protection. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is abundantly expressed on human liver allograft-infiltrating T-cells, which proliferate considerably after programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade. Clinically, checkpoint inhibitors are used in heart, liver, and kidney recipients with various cancers. Rejection can occur after checkpoint inhibitor administration through acute T-cell-mediated, antibody-mediated, or chronic allograft rejection mechanisms. Nevertheless, liver recipients may demonstrate favorable responses to treatment for HCC recurrence without rejection. Pharmacodynamically, substantial degrees of receptor occupancy can be achieved with lower doses, with favorable clinical outcomes. Manipulation of the immune microenvironment is a therapeutic niche that balances seemingly conflicting anticancer and graft protection needs. Additional translational and clinical studies emphasizing the comparative effectiveness of signaling networks within the immune microenvironment and conducting overall assessment of the immune microenvironment may aid in creating a therapeutic window and benefiting future liver recipients with HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Maw Ho
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rey-Heng Hu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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297
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Wu Y, Xu H, Cao X, Liu R, Tang L, Zeng Z, Li W. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ameliorates H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage by Regulating Transporters, Tight Junctions, and Apoptosis Gene Expression in Cell Line IPEC-1. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:649-656. [PMID: 30891680 PMCID: PMC7306035 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have always been considered as a supplementary therapy for many diseases especially gut disorders. The absorption and barrier function of the gut play a vital role in the maintenance of body homeostasis. This study was to investigate the protective effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 (Ba) on H2O2-induced oxidative stress on intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1) based on the level of gene expression. We demonstrated that Ba was a safe probiotic strain in the first place. Results showed that treatment with H2O2 significantly increased the mRNA expression of absorptive transporters glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), Ala/Ser/Cys/Thr transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2 compared with the control group. Meanwhile, oxidative stress induced a significant improvement in the mRNA expression of occludin (OCLN) and caspase-3, and remarkably inhibited the expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) or B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), respectively. Pretreatment with Ba dramatically reversed the disturbance induced by oxidative stress on the mRNA expression of ASCT1, ASCT2, and OCLN, which also significantly prevented H2O2-inhibited LAT1 and Bcl-2 mRNA expression. However, Ba failed to exert any significant protective effect on GLUT2 and caspase-3 mRNA expression. We concluded that pretreatment with Ba could alleviate the damage caused by oxidative stress to a certain extent and conferred a protective effect to the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhonghua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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298
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Zheng T, Li J, Ni Y, Kang K, Misiakou MA, Imamovic L, Chow BKC, Rode AA, Bytzer P, Sommer M, Panagiotou G. Mining, analyzing, and integrating viral signals from metagenomic data. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:42. [PMID: 30890181 PMCID: PMC6425642 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are important components of microbial communities modulating community structure and function; however, only a couple of tools are currently available for phage identification and analysis from metagenomic sequencing data. Here we employed the random forest algorithm to develop VirMiner, a web-based phage contig prediction tool especially sensitive for high-abundances phage contigs, trained and validated by paired metagenomic and phagenomic sequencing data from the human gut flora. RESULTS VirMiner achieved 41.06% ± 17.51% sensitivity and 81.91% ± 4.04% specificity in the prediction of phage contigs. In particular, for the high-abundance phage contigs, VirMiner outperformed other tools (VirFinder and VirSorter) with much higher sensitivity (65.23% ± 16.94%) than VirFinder (34.63% ± 17.96%) and VirSorter (18.75% ± 15.23%) at almost the same specificity. Moreover, VirMiner provides the most comprehensive phage analysis pipeline which is comprised of metagenomic raw reads processing, functional annotation, phage contig identification, and phage-host relationship prediction (CRISPR-spacer recognition) and supports two-group comparison when the input (metagenomic sequence data) includes different conditions (e.g., case and control). Application of VirMiner to an independent cohort of human gut metagenomes obtained from individuals treated with antibiotics revealed that 122 KEGG orthology and 118 Pfam groups had significantly differential abundance in the pre-treatment samples compared to samples at the end of antibiotic administration, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), multidrug resistance, and protein transport. The VirMiner webserver is available at http://sbb.hku.hk/VirMiner/ . CONCLUSIONS We developed a comprehensive tool for phage prediction and analysis for metagenomic samples. Compared to VirSorter and VirFinder-the most widely used tools-VirMiner is able to capture more high-abundance phage contigs which could play key roles in infecting bacteria and modulating microbial community dynamics. TRIAL REGISTRATION The European Union Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT Number: 2013-003378-28 . Registered on 9 April 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kang Kang
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria-Anna Misiakou
- Bacterial Synthetic Biology Section, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lejla Imamovic
- Bacterial Synthetic Biology Section, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Billy K. C. Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Anne A. Rode
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bytzer
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Sommer
- Bacterial Synthetic Biology Section, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
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299
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for more than 90% of primary liver cancers, is an important public health problem. In addition to cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B viral (HBV) or hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a major risk factor for liver cancer because of the prevalence of obesity. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will likely become the leading indication for liver transplantation in the future. It is well recognized that gut microbiota is a key environmental factor in the pathogenesis of liver disease and cancer. The interplay between gut microbiota and liver disease has been investigated in animal and clinical studies. In this article, we summarize the roles of gut microbiota in the development of liver disease as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,The College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,Corresponding author. Department of medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. (Y.-J.Y. Wan)
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300
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Huang A, Cai R, Wang Q, Shi L, Li C, Yan H. Dynamic Change of Gut Microbiota During Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection in Suckling Piglets. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:322. [PMID: 30858839 PMCID: PMC6397872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a disease that has a devastating effect on livestock. Currently, most studies are focused on comparing gut microbiota of healthy piglets and piglets with PED, resulting in gut microbial populations related to dynamic change in diarrheal piglets being poorly understood. The current study analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected piglets during the suckling transition stage. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 1 to 3-week-old healthy piglets (n = 20) and PEDV infected piglets (n = 18) from the same swine farm. Total DNA was extracted from each sample and the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Statistically significant differences were observed in bacterial diversity and richness between the healthy and diarrheal piglets. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed structural segregation between diseased and healthy groups, as well as among 3 different age groups. The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, and Veillonella increased due to dysbiosis induced by PEDV infection. Notably, there was a remarkable age-related increase in Fusobacterium and Veillonella in diarrheal piglets. Certain SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes, were shared by all healthy piglets, but were not identified in various age groups of diarrheal piglets. In addition, significant differences were observed between clusters of orthologous groups (COG) functional categories of healthy and PEDV-infected piglets. Our findings demonstrated that PEDV infection caused severe perturbations in porcine gut microbiota. Therefore, regulating gut microbiota in an age-related manner may be a promising method for the prevention or treatment of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rujian Cai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Yan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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