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Debnath B, Hussain M, Irshad M, Mitra S, Li M, Liu S, Qiu D. Exogenous Melatonin Mitigates Acid Rain Stress to Tomato Plants through Modulation of Leaf Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Potential. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020388. [PMID: 29439491 PMCID: PMC6017902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid rain (AR) is a serious global environmental issue causing physio-morphological changes in plants. Melatonin, as an indoleamine molecule, has been known to mediate many physiological processes in plants under different kinds of environmental stress. However, the role of melatonin in acid rain stress tolerance remains inexpressible. This study investigated the possible role of melatonin on different physiological responses involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in tomato plants under simulated acid rain (SAR) stress. SAR stress caused the inhibition of growth, damaged the grana lamella of the chloroplast, photosynthesis, and increased accumulation of ROS and lipid peroxidation in tomato plants. To cope the detrimental effect of SAR stress, plants under SAR condition had increased both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant substances compared with control plants. But such an increase in the antioxidant activities were incapable of inhibiting the destructive effect of SAR stress. Meanwhile, melatonin treatment increased SAR-stress tolerance by repairing the grana lamella of the chloroplast, improving photosynthesis and antioxidant activities compared with those in SAR-stressed plants. However, these possible effects of melatonin are dependent on concentration. Moreover, our study suggests that 100-μM melatonin treatment improved the SAR-stress tolerance by increasing photosynthesis and ROS scavenging antioxidant activities in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Sangeeta Mitra
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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252
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Erland LAE, Saxena PK, Murch SJ. Melatonin in plant signalling and behaviour. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:58-69. [PMID: 32291021 DOI: 10.1071/fp16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine neurotransmitter that has recently become well established as an important multi-functional signalling molecule in plants. These signals have been found to induce several important physiological responses that may be interpreted as behaviours. The diverse processes in which melatonin has been implicated in plants have expanded far beyond the traditional roles for which it has been implicated in mammals, which include sleep, tropisms and reproduction. These functions, however, appear to also be important melatonin mediated processes in plants, though the mechanisms underlying these functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Mediation or redirection of plant physiological processes induced by melatonin can be summarised as a series of behaviours including, among others: herbivore defence, avoidance of undesirable circumstances or attraction to opportune conditions, problem solving and response to environmental stimulus. As the mechanisms of melatonin action are elucidated, its involvement in plant growth, development and behaviour is likely to expand beyond the aspects discussed in this review and hold promise for applications in diverse fundamental and applied plant sciences including conservation, cryopreservation, morphogenesis, industrial agriculture and natural health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A E Erland
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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253
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Ahammed GJ, Xu W, Liu A, Chen S. COMT1 Silencing Aggravates Heat Stress-Induced Reduction in Photosynthesis by Decreasing Chlorophyll Content, Photosystem II Activity, and Electron Transport Efficiency in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:998. [PMID: 30065736 PMCID: PMC6056654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite a range of initiatives to reduce global carbon emission, the mean global temperature is increasing due to climate change. Since rising temperatures pose a serious threat of food insecurity, it is important to further explore important biological molecules that can confer thermotolerance to plants. Recently, melatonin has emerged as a universal abiotic stress regulator that can enhance plant tolerance to high temperature. Nonetheless, such regulatory roles of melatonin were unraveled mainly by assessing the effect of exogenous melatonin on plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Here, we generated melatonin deficient tomato plants by silencing of a melatonin biosynthetic gene, CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (COMT1), to unveil the role of endogenous melatonin in photosynthesis under heat stress. We examined photosynthetic pigment content, leaf gas exchange, and a range of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that silencing of COMT1 aggravated heat stress by inhibiting both the light reactions and the carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic pigment content, light absorption flux, trapped energy flux, energy dissipation, density of active reaction center per photosystem II (PSII) cross-section, the photosynthetic electron transport rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII photochemistry, and the rate of CO2 assimilation all decreased in COMT1-silenced plants compared with that of non-silenced plants particularly under heat stress. However, exogenous melatonin alleviated heat-induced photosynthetic inhibition in both genotypes, indicating that melatonin is essential for maintaining photosynthetic capacity under stressful conditions. These findings provide genetic evidence on the vital role of melatonin in photosynthesis and thus may have useful implication in horticultural crop management in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam J. Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Golam J. Ahammed,
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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254
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Ke Q, Ye J, Wang B, Ren J, Yin L, Deng X, Wang S. Melatonin Mitigates Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating Polyamine Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:914. [PMID: 30018628 PMCID: PMC6037824 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a small molecular weight indoleamine molecule, is involved in various biological processes and responses to environmental cues in plants. However, its function in abiotic stress response and the underlying mechanisms is less clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress condition. Exogenous melatonin pretreatment partially mitigated the salt-induced inhibition of whole-plant growth as judged from shoot dry weight, IAA content, leaf photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemistry efficiency of photosystem II, and chlorophyll. The mitigation was also observed in reduced accumulation of H2O2 in melatonin-pretreated wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress. Exogenous melatonin increased endogenous melatonin content by evaluating the levels of TaSNAT transcript, which encodes a key regulatory enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, melatonin increased polyamine contents by accelerating the metabolic flow from the precursor amino acids arginine and methionine to polyamines; melatonin also decreased the degradation of salt-induced polyamines. Taken together, these results provide the evidence that melatonin mitigates salt stress mainly through its regulation on polyamine metabolism of wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Bomei Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwen Wang,
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255
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Liu W, Zhao D, Zheng C, Chen C, Peng X, Cheng Y, Wan H. Genomic Analysis of the ASMT Gene Family in Solanum lycopersicum. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111984. [PMID: 29144405 PMCID: PMC6150316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) is the last enzyme of melatonin biosynthesis and may play a rate-limiting role in the melatonin production of plants. In this study, systematic analysis of the ASMT gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) has been presented by the integration of the structural features, phylogenetic relationships, exon/intron configuration, and expression profile during growth and development, as well as biotic stresses. The results revealed that the tomato genome encoded a minimum of 14 members, containing three probable encoded pseudogenes. Chromosome mapping indicated that the family had probably expanded via tandem duplication events. Genome-wide RNA-seq and qRT-PCR based gene expression analysis revealed that almost half of the SlASMT genes were expressed in at least one of the experimental stages studied and also showed differential accumulation. Furthermore, the tandem duplicated SlASMT genes showed differential expression levels, which indicated probable functional divergence during the course of the evolution. Finally, this study also determined that some SlASMT genes were induced by multiple pathogens. The results suggested that these genes could be involved in tomato plant response to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Liu
- Zhengjiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Dake Zhao
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Chunfang Zheng
- Zhengjiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Zhengjiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xin Peng
- Zhengjiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Statekey Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Hongjian Wan
- Statekey Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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256
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Melatonin Does Not Affect Progesterone Basal Secretion but Suppresses the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Expression in Granulosa Cells of the Japanese Quail. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:312-318. [PMID: 32908442 PMCID: PMC7477261 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of melatonin on progesterone production by granulosa cells of the Japanese quail. For in vitro experiments, granulosa cells were isolated from pre-ovulatory follicles (F1–F3) when the F1 follicles were predicted to be either immature or mature (at 3–6 or 18–21 h after oviposition, respectively). Granulosa cells were cultured for 12 hwithor without melatonin concentration gradients of 0.0001–100 µg/mL, thereby averting luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation. The concentration of progesterone in culture medium was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. The expression of melatonin receptor subtypes in granulosa cells from F1 follicles was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. The LH receptor (LHCGR) mRNA level in cultured granulosa cells of the F1 follicles was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Six quails were used in each of four groups for in vivo experiments. Eachgroup received intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (0.67 mg/kg body weight) or mock-vehicle at 3 or 18 h after oviposition, respectively. The birds were decapitated to collect serum 3 hlater (at 6 or 21 h after oviposition, respectively). The serum progesterone level was also measured using an enzyme immunoassay. We observed that melatonin receptor subtypes (Mel-1a, 1b, and 1c) were expressed in the granulosa cells of the F1 follicles of the Japanese quail. Melatonin suppresses the LHCGR mRNA expression in granulosa cells of F1 follicles but does not affect the basal secretion of progesterone in cultured granulosa cells of the F1–F3 follicles. In addition, melatonin treatment has no influence on the serum progesterone concentration at 6 h post-oviposition, but suppresses progesterone level 21 h after oviposition in the Japanese quail.
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257
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Yu GM, Isobe N, Maeda T. Protective Effect of Melatonin on LPS-stimulated Granulosa Cells in Japanese Quail. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:319-325. [PMID: 32908443 PMCID: PMC7477264 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of melatonin to protect cultured granulosa cells from the harmful effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in quail. Granulosa cells isolated from Japanese quails were pretreated with or without melatonin (10 or 100 µg/mL) for 12 hand then incubated for 12 hin the absence or presence of 100 ng/mL LPS. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (dityrosine and nitrite) were determined by ELISA and the Griess reaction. Cell viability was quantified using an MTT assay. Additionally, the level of progesterone was measured by ELISA. We found that melatonin decreased LPS-induced expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, melatonin increased the dityrosine level, but suppressed the nitrite level. Finally, melatonin administration increased the viability of LPS-stimulated granulosa cells in vitro. However, progesterone basal secretion was not significantly changed. These results suggest that melatonin protects cultured granulosa cells from LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress damage and provide evidence that melatonin might have therapeutic utility in ovarian follicle infection in Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Min Yu
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Naoki Isobe
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Teruo Maeda
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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258
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Wei Y, Liu G, Bai Y, Xia F, He C, Shi H, Foyer C. Two transcriptional activators of N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase 2 and melatonin biosynthesis in cassava. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4997-5006. [PMID: 28992113 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Similar to the situation in animals, melatonin biosynthesis is regulated by four sequential enzymatic steps in plants. Although the melatonin synthesis genes have been identified in various plants, the upstream transcription factors of them remain unknown. In this study on cassava (Manihot esculenta), we found that MeWRKY79 and heat-shock transcription factor 20 (MeHsf20) targeted the W-box and the heat-stress elements (HSEs) in the promoter of N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2), respectively. The interaction between MeWRKY79, MeHsf20, and the MeASMT2 promoter was evidenced by the activation of promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in cassava protoplasts, and by an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The transcripts of MeWRKY79, MeHsf20, and MeASMT2 were all regulated by a 22-amino acid flagellin peptide (flg22) and by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam). In common with the phenotype of MeASMT2, transient expression of MeWRKY79 and MeHsf20 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves conferred improved disease resistance. Through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cassava, we found that MeWRKY79- and MeHsf20-silenced plants showed lower transcripts of MeASMT2 and less accumulation of melatonin, which resulted in disease sensitivity that could be reversed by exogenous melatonin. Taken together, these results indicate that MeASMT2 is a target of MeWRKY79 and MeHsf20 in plant disease resistance. This study identifies novel upstream transcription factors of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava, thus extending our knowledge of the complex modulation of melatonin synthesis in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yujing Bai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Feiyu Xia
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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259
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Melatonin treatment reduces chilling injury in peach fruit through its regulation of membrane fatty acid contents and phenolic metabolism. Food Chem 2017; 245:659-666. [PMID: 29287423 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Effects of 0.1 mM melatonin (MT) on chilling injury (CI), membrane fatty acid content and phenolic metabolism in peach fruit were studied during storage at 1°C for 28 days. MT treatment delayed the development of CI in peach fruit, as was illustrated by MT-treated fruit showing lower CI incidence, CI index and firmness loss than the control. MT treatment prevented membrane lipid peroxidation and contributed to maintaining a higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in peach fruit. MT treatment also stimulated the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, shikimate dehydrogenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, but inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. This would help in activating the accumulation of total phenolic and endogenous salicylic acid that might have a direct function in alleviation of CI. These results indicate that MT treatment can be an effective technique to reduce postharvest CI during low temperature storage of peach fruit.
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260
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Zhang J, Zeng B, Mao Y, Kong X, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Rengel Z, Chen Q. Melatonin alleviates aluminium toxicity through modulating antioxidative enzymes and enhancing organic acid anion exudation in soybean. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:961-968. [PMID: 32480624 DOI: 10.1071/fp17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a major chemical constraint limiting plant growth and production on acidic soils. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule that plays crucial roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. However, there is no knowledge regarding whether melatonin is involved in plant responses to Al stress. Here, we show that optimal concentrations of melatonin could effectively ameliorate Al-induced phytotoxicity in soybean (Glycine max L.). The concentration of melatonin in roots was significantly increased by the 50μM Al treatment. Such an increase in endogenous melatonin coincided with the upregulation of the gene encoding acetyltransferase NSI-like (nuclear shuttle protein-interacting) in soybean roots. Supplementation with low concentrations of melatonin (0.1 and 1μM) conferred Al resistance as evident in partial alleviation of root growth inhibition and decreased H2O2 production: in contrast, high concentrations of melatonin (100 and 200μM) had an opposite effect and even decreased root growth in Al-exposed seedlings. Mitigation of Al stress by the 1μM melatonin root treatment was associated with enhanced activities of the antioxidant enzymes and increased exudation of malate and citrate. In conclusion, melatonin might play a critical role in soybean resistance to Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bingjie Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yawen Mao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xinxun Wang
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ye Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resource Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
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261
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Huang YH, Liu SJ, Yuan S, Guan C, Tian DY, Cui X, Zhang YW, Yang FY. Overexpression of ovine AANAT and HIOMT genes in switchgrass leads to improved growth performance and salt-tolerance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12212. [PMID: 28939842 PMCID: PMC5610178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known bioactive molecule with an array of health-promoting properties. Here, we detected the physiological function of melatonin in transgenic switchgrass overexpressing the homologous sheep arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase genes, which catalyze the last two steps of melatonin synthesis. Compared to the wild-type (WT) and transgenic control (EV, expressing the empty vector only) plants, the transgenic switchgrass showed higher melatonin levels. Melatonin was detected in almost all switchgrass tissues, and relatively higher levels were detected in the roots and stems. Besides, melatonin showed diurnal or circadian rhythms in switchgrass similar to that in other species. Furthermore, we also found that melatonin positively affected switchgrass growth, flowering and salt tolerance. The genes related to flowering (APL3, SL1, FT1, FLP3, MADS6 and MADS15) and salt stress resistance (PvNHX1) in transgenic switchgrass exhibited a different expression profiles when compared to the control plants. Our study provided valuable findings that melatonin functions as a promoter in the regulation of switchgrass growth, flowering and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Yang Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. .,National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China.
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262
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Gong X, Shi S, Dou F, Song Y, Ma F. Exogenous Melatonin Alleviates Alkaline Stress in Malus hupehensis Rehd. by Regulating the Biosynthesis of Polyamines. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091542. [PMID: 28902159 PMCID: PMC6151414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since melatonin was identified in plants decades ago, much attention has been devoted to discovering its role in plant science. There is still a great deal to learn about the functional importance of melatonin, as well as its functional mode. In this paper, we examine the role of melatonin treatment in the response of Malus hupehensis Rehd. to alkaline conditions. Stressed seedlings showed chlorosis and suppressed growth. However, this phenotype was ameliorated when 5 µM melatonin was added to the irrigation solution. This supplementation was also associated with a reduction in cell membrane damage and maintenance of a normal root system architecture. Fewer reactive oxygen species (ROS) were accumulated due to the enhanced scavenging activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. In addition, alkaline-stressed seedlings that received the melatonin supplement accumulated more polyamines compared with untreated seedlings. Transcript levels of six genes involved in polyamine synthesis, including SAMDC1, -3, and -4, and SPDS1, -3, and -5, -6, were upregulated in response to melatonin application. All of these results demonstrate that melatonin has a positive function in plant tolerance to alkaline stress because it regulates enzyme activity and the biosynthesis of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shuting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fangfang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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263
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Zhao H, Zhang K, Zhou X, Xi L, Wang Y, Xu H, Pan T, Zou Z. Melatonin alleviates chilling stress in cucumber seedlings by up-regulation of CsZat12 and modulation of polyamine and abscisic acid metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4998. [PMID: 28694504 PMCID: PMC5504047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain new insights into the mechanisms of the positive effects of exogenous melatonin applications to cucumber seedlings during chilling, we investigated its role in regulating photosynthesis, the transcription level of csZat12 and the metabolism of polyamines (PAs) and of abscisic acid (ABA). The negative effects of chilling were clearly alleviated in cucumber seedlings by irrigation with 200 μM melatonin solution. This was evidenced by alleviation of the decline in net photosynthesis rate and also in electrolyte leakage in chilled plants. The reasons for this can be explained as follows. First, melatonin up-regulates CsZat12, an important stress-related gene. Second, melatonin increases the content of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) and stabilized spermine (Spm) by altering the activity of the PA metabolic enzymes. And, third, ABA is also involved in these effects as melatonin modulated the expression of the key ABA biosynthesis genes (CsNCED1 and CsNCED2) and also the key ABA catabolism genes (CsCYP707A1 and CsCYP707A2). This study provides new evidence suggesting melatonin mitigates chilling stress in cucumber by up-regulating the expression of CsZat12 and by modulating the metabolism of PAs and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural & Forest University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linjie Xi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Garden Engineering, Gansu Agriculture Technology College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongjun Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tonghua Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhirong Zou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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264
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Li D, Zhao Y, Ding W, Zhao P, Xu JW, Li T, Ma H, Yu X. A strategy for promoting lipid production in green microalgae Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 by combined melatonin and photoinduction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 235:104-112. [PMID: 28365337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae lipids are potential candidates for the production of renewable biodiesel. The combination of plant hormones and two-step cultivation regulates lipid production in microalgae. A strategy for promoting lipid accumulation in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 by combining exogenous melatonin (MT) and photoinduction was developed. The effects of melatonin on the lipid content, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activities of three key fatty acid biosynthetic enzyme in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 were investigated. The lipid content increased by 1.32-fold under 1μM melatonin treatment. The maximum lipid content achieved was 49.6%. However, the protein and carbohydrate contents decreased rapidly from 57.21% to 47.96% and from 53.4% to 37.71%, respectively. Biochemical and physiological analyses suggested that the ROS and lipid biosynthesis-related enzyme activities correlated with increased lipid accumulation under photo-melatonin induction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huixian Ma
- School of Foreign Languages, Kunming University, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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265
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Yu GM, Kubota H, Okita M, Maeda T. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin on LPS-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178525. [PMID: 28542575 PMCID: PMC5444821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is the most prevalent disease in dairy cattle worldwide and not only causes huge economic losses in the dairy industry but also threatens public health. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of melatonin in mastitis, we examined the ability of melatonin to protect bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) from the harmful effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that melatonin inhibited the LPS-binding protein-CD14-TLR4 signaling pathway in bMECs, which had opposing effects on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Melatonin decreased LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and positive acute-phase proteins (APPs), including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, chemokine CC motif ligand (CCL)2, CCL5, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, and α-1 antitrypsin, and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra and the negative APP fibrinogen. In addition, melatonin increased dityrosine levels but suppressed nitrite levels by upregulating the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 in the Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway. Finally, melatonin administration increased the viability of LPS-stimulated bMECs. These results suggest that melatonin protects bMECs from LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidant stress damage and provide evidence that melatonin might have therapeutic utility in mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Min Yu
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kubota
- Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miki Okita
- Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Teruo Maeda
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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266
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Koca Çalişkan U, Aka C, Bor E. Melatonin in Edible and Non-Edible Plants. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:75-83. [PMID: 32454597 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.33043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The concept of melatonin has become more important recently both in plants and in human who utilize plants for nutritional and health purposes. Melatonin, synthesized from L-tryptophan by enzyms, protects plants against difficult conditions. People have consumed these plants for their antioxidant, immunomodulator, antiinflammatory and anticancer effects. In parts of edible and non-edible plants, levels of melatonin are determined by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, radioimmunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectrophotometry. In this review, biosynthesis of melatonin in both animal and plants, function of melatonin in plant kingdom, especially in medicinal/edible and nonedible plants, and detection of phytomelatonin content in those plants are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Koca Çalişkan
- Gazi University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Aka
- Gazi University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emrah Bor
- Gazi University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
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267
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Lee HY, Back K. Melatonin is required for H 2 O 2 - and NO-mediated defense signaling through MAPKKK3 and OXI1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27862280 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin influences plant innate immunity through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, the most upstream MAPK component in melatonin signaling and the dependence of generation of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst on melatonin synthesis and signaling remain unclear. In this study, treatment of several mekk (alias mapkkk)-knockout Arabidopsis mutants with melatonin revealed that the MAPKKK3 and OXI1 (oxidative signal-inducible1) kinases are responsible for triggering melatonin-induced defense signaling pathways. In addition, melatonin induction upon infection with the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (avrRpt2) was independent of H2 O2 and NO individually, but dependent on the combination of H2 O2 and NO. Moreover, melatonin-mediated induction of the expression of defense-related genes, such as PR1 and ICS1, was not altered in the H2 O2 -deficient rbohD/F-knockout mutant cotreated with an NO scavenger, indicating that melatonin functions downstream of the ROS and NO burst. Collectively, the data indicate that melatonin-mediated induction of an innate immune response requires multiple signaling molecules and activation of MAPKKK3 and OXI1, followed by triggering of downstream MAPK cascades, such as MAPK3 and MAPK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Yool Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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268
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Cai SY, Zhang Y, Xu YP, Qi ZY, Li MQ, Ahammed GJ, Xia XJ, Shi K, Zhou YH, Reiter RJ, Yu JQ, Zhou J. HsfA1a upregulates melatonin biosynthesis to confer cadmium tolerance in tomato plants. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28095626 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin regulates broad aspects of plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, but the upstream regulation of melatonin biosynthesis by these stresses remains largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that transcription factor heat-shock factor A1a (HsfA1a) conferred cadmium (Cd) tolerance to tomato plants, in part through its positive role in inducing melatonin biosynthesis under Cd stress. Analysis of leaf phenotype, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency revealed that silencing of the HsfA1a gene decreased Cd tolerance, whereas its overexpression enhanced plant tolerance to Cd. HsfA1a-silenced plants exhibited reduced melatonin levels, and HsfA1a overexpression stimulated melatonin accumulation and the expression of the melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (COMT1) under Cd stress. Both an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR analysis revealed that HsfA1a binds to the COMT1 gene promoter. Meanwhile, Cd stress induced the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which was compromised in HsfA1a-silenced plants and more robustly induced in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress. COMT1 silencing reduced HsfA1a-induced Cd tolerance and melatonin accumulation in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants. Additionally, the HsfA1a-induced expression of HSPs was partially compromised in COMT1-silenced wild-type or HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress. These results demonstrate that HsfA1a confers Cd tolerance by activating transcription of the COMT1 gene and inducing accumulation of melatonin that partially upregulates expression of HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Cai
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey/Geological Research Center for Agricultural Applications, China Geological Survey, Hangzhou, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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269
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Li H, Chang J, Zheng J, Dong Y, Liu Q, Yang X, Wei C, Zhang Y, Ma J, Zhang X. Local melatonin application induces cold tolerance in distant organs of Citrullus lanatus L. via long distance transport. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40858. [PMID: 28102304 PMCID: PMC5244382 DOI: 10.1038/srep40858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous chemical substance that regulates plant growth and responses to stress. Several recent studies show that exogenous melatonin confers cold tolerance to plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that melatonin application at optimal dose, either on the leaves or the roots, not only induced cold stress tolerance in the site of application, but also systemically induced cold tolerance in untreated distant parts. Foliar or rhizospheric treatment with melatonin increased the melatonin levels in untreated roots or leaves, respectively, under both normal and cold stress conditions, whereas rhizospheric melatonin treatment increased the melatonin exudation rates from the xylem. An increased accumulation of melatonin accompanied with an induction in antioxidant enzyme activity in distant untreated tissues alleviated cold-induced oxidative stress. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed that an abundance of cold defense-related genes involved in signal sensing and transduction, transcriptional regulation, protection and detoxification, and hormone signaling might mediate melatonin-induced cold tolerance. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin can induce cold tolerance via long distance signaling, and such induction is associated with an enhanced antioxidant capacity and optimized defense gene expression. Such a mechanism can be greatly exploited to benefit the agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junxian Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuchuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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270
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Improved cold tolerance in Elymus nutans by exogenous application of melatonin may involve ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39865. [PMID: 28045095 PMCID: PMC5206618 DOI: 10.1038/srep39865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an important secondary messenger that plays a central role in plant growth, as well as abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin-mediated cold tolerance, especially interactions between melatonin and other key molecules in the plant stress response, remain unknown. Here, the interrelation between melatonin and abscisic acid (ABA) was investigated in two genotypes of Elymus nutans Griseb., the cold-tolerant Damxung (DX) and the cold-sensitive Gannan (GN) under cold stress. Pre-treatment with exogenous melatonin or ABA alleviated oxidative injury via scavenging ROS, while enhancing both antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents. Treatment of fluridone, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor caused membrane lipid peroxidation and lowered melatonin-induced antioxidant defense responses. It is worth noting that cold stress significantly induced both endogenous melatonin and ABA levels in both genotypes. Application of melatonin increased ABA production, while fluridone significantly suppressed melatonin-induced ABA accumulation. ABA and fluridone pre-treatments failed to affect the endogenous melatonin concentration. Moreover, exogenous melatonin up-regulated the expression of cold-responsive genes in an ABA-independent manner. These results indicate that both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways may contribute to melatonin-induced cold tolerance in E. nutans.
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271
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Sumaira S, Khan T, Abbasi BH, Afridi MS, Tanveer F, Ullah I, Bashir S, Hano C. Melatonin-enhanced biosynthesis of antimicrobial AgNPs by improving the phytochemical reducing potential of a callus culture of Ocimum basilicum L. var. thyrsiflora. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of AgNPs using Ocimum basilicum L. var. thyrsiflora leaf derived callus extracts formed in response to thidiazuron alone and a combination of TDZ melatonin which act both as reducing and stabilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sumaira
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology
| | | | | | - Faouzia Tanveer
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Samina Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC)
- Université d’Orléans
- Chartres
- France
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272
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Li H, Chang J, Chen H, Wang Z, Gu X, Wei C, Zhang Y, Ma J, Yang J, Zhang X. Exogenous Melatonin Confers Salt Stress Tolerance to Watermelon by Improving Photosynthesis and Redox Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:295. [PMID: 28298921 PMCID: PMC5331065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a pleiotropic signal molecule, has been shown to play important roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. Since a few species have been investigated to unveil the effect of exogenous melatonin on salt stress, the underlying mechanism of melatonin-mediated salt stress tolerance in other plant species still remains largely unknown. In this study, the effects of melatonin on leaf photosynthesis and redox homeostasis in watermelon were examined under salt stress (300 mM NaCl) along with different doses of melatonin (50, 150, and 500 μM) pretreatment. NaCl stress inhibited photosynthesis and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and membrane damage in leaves of watermelon seedlings. However, pretreatment with melatonin on roots alleviated NaCl-induced decrease in photosynthetic rate and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The protection of photosynthesis by melatonin was closely associated with the inhibition of stomatal closure and improved light energy absorption and electron transport in photosystem II, while the reduction of oxidative stress by melatonin was attributed to the improved redox homeostasis coupled with the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes. This study unraveled crucial role of melatonin in salt stress mitigation and thus can be implicated in the management of salinity in watermelon cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- *Correspondence: Xian Zhang, Hao Li,
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273
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Kobylińska A, Reiter RJ, Posmyk MM. Melatonin Protects Cultured Tobacco Cells against Lead-Induced Cell Death via Inhibition of Cytochrome c Translocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1560. [PMID: 28959267 PMCID: PMC5603737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin was discovered in plants more than two decades ago and, especially in the last decade, it has captured the interests of plant biologists. Beyond its possible participation in photoperiod processes and its role as a direct free radical scavenger as well as an indirect antioxidant, melatonin is also involved in plant defense strategies/reactions. However, the mechanisms that this indoleamine activates to improve plant stress tolerance still require identification and clarification. In the present report, the ability of exogenous melatonin to protect Nicotiana tabacum L. line Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) suspension cells against the toxic exposure to lead was examined. Studies related to cell proliferation and viability, DNA fragmentation, possible translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, cell morphology after fluorescence staining and also the in situ accumulation of superoxide radicals measured via the nitro blue tetrazolium reducing test, were conducted. This work establishes a novel finding by correcting the inhibition of release of mitochondrial ctytocrome c in to the cytoplasm with the high accumulation of superoxide radicals. The results show that pretreatment with 200 nm of melatonin protected tobacco cells from DNA damage caused by lead. Melatonin, as an efficacious antioxidant, limited superoxide radical accumulation as well as cytochrome c release thereby, it likely prevents the activation of the cascade of processes leading to cell death. Fluorescence staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide documented that lead-stressed cells additionally treated with melatonin displayed intact nuclei. The results revealed that melatonin at proper dosage could significantly increase BY-2 cell proliferation and protected them against death. It was proved that melatonin could function as an effective priming agent to promote survival of tobacco cells under harmful lead-induced stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kobylińska
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San AntonioTX, United States
| | - Malgorzata M. Posmyk
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of LodzLodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Malgorzata M. Posmyk,
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274
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Banerjee A, Roychoudhury A. Abscisic-acid-dependent basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors in plant abiotic stress. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:3-16. [PMID: 26669319 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the major causes of significant crop loss throughout the world is the myriad of environmental stresses including drought, salinity, cold, heavy metal toxicity, and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) rays. Plants as sessile organisms have evolved various effective mechanism which enable them to withstand this plethora of stresses. Most of such regulatory mechanisms usually follow the abscisic-acid (ABA)-dependent pathway. In this review, we have primarily focussed on the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) activated by the ABA-mediated signalosome. Upon perception of ABA by specialized receptors, the signal is transduced via various groups of Ser/Thr kinases, which phosphorylate the bZIP TFs. Following such post-translational modification of TFs, they are activated so that they bind to specific cis-acting sequences called abscisic-acid-responsive elements (ABREs) or GC-rich coupling elements (CE), thereby influencing the expression of their target downstream genes. Several in silico techniques have been adopted so far to predict the structural features, recognize the regulatory modification sites, undergo phylogenetic analyses, and facilitate genome-wide survey of TF under multiple stresses. Current investigations on the epigenetic regulation that controls greater accessibility of the inducible regions of DNA of the target gene to the bZIP TFs exclusively under stress situations, along with the evolved stress memory responses via genomic imprinting mechanism, have been highlighted. The potentiality of overexpression of bZIP TFs, either in a homologous or in a heterologous background, in generating transgenic plants tolerant to various abiotic stressors have also been addressed by various groups. The present review will provide a coherent documentation on the functional characterization and regulation of bZIP TFs under multiple environmental stresses, with the major goal of generating multiple-stress-tolerant plant cultivars in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India.
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275
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Abstract
Plant hormones are for a long time known to act as chemical messengers in the regulation of physiological processes during a plant's life cycle, from germination to senescence. Furthermore, plant hormones simultaneously coordinate physiological responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. To study the hormonal regulation of physiological processes, three main approaches have been used (1) exogenous application of hormones, (2) correlative studies through measurements of endogenous hormone levels, and (3) use of transgenic and/or mutant plants altered in hormone metabolism or signaling. A plant hormone profiling method is useful to unravel cross talk between hormones and help unravel the hormonal regulation of physiological processes in studies using any of the aforementioned approaches. However, hormone profiling is still particularly challenging due to their very low abundance in plant tissues. In this chapter, a sensitive, rapid, and accurate method to quantify all the five "classic" classes of plant hormones plus other plant growth regulators, such as jasmonates, salicylic acid, melatonin, and brassinosteroids is described. The method includes a fast and simple extraction procedure without time consuming steps as purification or derivatization, followed by optimized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. This protocol facilitates the high-throughput analysis of hormone profiling and is applicable to different plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Müller
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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276
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KORKMAZ A, YAKUPOĞLU G, KÖKLÜ Ş, CUCİ Y, KOCAÇINAR F. Determining diurnal and seasonal changes in melatonin andtryptophan contents of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 41:356-366. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3906/bot-1611-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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277
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Zhang N, Qi Y, Zhang HJ, Wang X, Li H, Shi Y, Guo YD. Genistein: A Novel Anthocyanin Synthesis Promoter that Directly Regulates Biosynthetic Genes in Red Cabbage in a Light-Dependent Way. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1804. [PMID: 27990149 PMCID: PMC5130974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GNT), an isoflavone, is used in the clinical treatment of various health disorders. GNT is found in primary food source plants and some medical plants. However, studies on the functions of GNT in plants are rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrated that GNT plays an important role in promoting anthocyanin accumulation in red cabbage. GNT solutions (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L) as foliar fertilizers were applied to red cabbage. Consequently, anthocyanin accumulation in red cabbage increased in a light-dependent manner. GNT solution at 30 mg/L exhibited the optimal effect on anthocyanin accumulation, which was twice that of the control. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that GNT application upregulated the expression of all structural genes, contributing to anthocyanin biosynthesis under light conditions. Under dark conditions, GNT exerted no significant promotive effect on anthocyanin accumulation; only early biosynthetic genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis responded to GNT. The promotive effect of GNT on anthocyanin biosynthesis is directly attributable to the regulation of structural gene expression. Transcription factors exhibited no response to GNT. The levels of anthocyanin in red cabbage positively correlated with the enzyme activities of antioxidant systems. This finding correlation suggested that the promotive effect of GNT on anthocyanin levels was correlated with improved antioxidant activity in the red cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Agriculture Technology Extension StationBeijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yantong Shi
- Beijing Agriculture Technology Extension StationBeijing, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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278
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Kobylińska A, Posmyk MM. Melatonin restricts Pb-induced PCD by enhancing BI-1 expression in tobacco suspension cells. Biometals 2016; 29:1059-1074. [PMID: 27785728 PMCID: PMC5116310 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a conserved substance, which was discovered in the evolutionary distant organisms like bacteria, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. Recent studies have shown that melatonin despite its possible role in photoperiod processes, has been found to be a direct free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant. In this report the impact of exogenous melatonin on the Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) expression level in Nicotiana tabacum L. line Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) suspension cells exposed to lead was examined. BI-1 is a well-conserved protein in plants and animals that serves as the inhibitor of mammalian proapoptotic proteins as well as plant ROS-induced cell death. Our results showed that pretreatment with 200 nm melatonin, expressing BI-1 and fortified tobacco suspension cells against damages induced by lead. The obtained results revealed, that melatonin significantly increases BY-2 cells proliferation and protects BY-2 cells against death. Moreover, the conducted analyses showed for the first time that the protective effect of melatonin may be connected not only with its antioxidant properties but also with its direct impact on elevating BI-1 expression and lead-induced programmed cell death (PCD) restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kobylińska
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata M Posmyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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279
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Moussa HR, Algamal SMA. Does Exogenous Application of Melatonin Ameliorate Boron Toxicity in Spinach Plants? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2016.1243184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helal Ragab Moussa
- Radioisotope Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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280
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Xu W, Cai SY, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ahammed GJ, Xia XJ, Shi K, Zhou YH, Yu JQ, Reiter RJ, Zhou J. Melatonin enhances thermotolerance by promoting cellular protein protection in tomato plants. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:457-469. [PMID: 27484733 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that provides physiological protection against diverse environmental stresses in plants. Nonetheless, the mechanisms for melatonin-mediated thermotolerance remain largely unknown. Here, we report that endogenous melatonin levels increased with a rise in ambient temperature and that peaked at 40°C. Foliar pretreatment with an optimal dose of melatonin (10 μmol/L) or the overexpression of N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) gene effectively ameliorated heat-induced photoinhibition and electrolyte leakage in tomato plants. Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by overexpression of ASMT decreased the levels of insoluble and ubiquitinated proteins, but enhanced the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) to refold denatured and unfolded proteins under heat stress. Meanwhile, melatonin also induced expression of several ATG genes and formation of autophagosomes to degrade aggregated proteins under the same stress. Proteomic profile analyses revealed that protein aggregates for a large number of biological processes accumulated in wild-type plants. However, exogenous melatonin treatment or overexpression of ASMT reduced the accumulation of aggregated proteins. Aggregation responsive proteins such as HSP70 and Rubisco activase were preferentially accumulated and ubiquitinated in wild-type plants under heat stress, while melatonin mitigated heat stress-induced accumulation and ubiquitination of aggregated proteins. These results suggest that melatonin promotes cellular protein protection through induction of HSPs and autophagy to refold or degrade denatured proteins under heat stress in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shu-Yu Cai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China.
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281
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Back K, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin biosynthesis in plants: multiple pathways catalyze tryptophan to melatonin in the cytoplasm or chloroplasts. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:426-437. [PMID: 27600803 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an animal hormone as well as a signaling molecule in plants. It was first identified in plants in 1995, and almost all enzymes responsible for melatonin biosynthesis had already been characterized in these species. Melatonin biosynthesis from tryptophan requires four-step reactions. However, six genes, that is, TDC, TPH, T5H, SNAT, ASMT, and COMT, have been implicated in the synthesis of melatonin in plants, suggesting the presence of multiple pathways. Two major pathways have been proposed based on the enzyme kinetics: One is the tryptophan/tryptamine/serotonin/N-acetylserotonin/melatonin pathway, which may occur under normal growth conditions; the other is the tryptophan/tryptamine/serotonin/5-methoxytryptamine/melatonin pathway, which may occur when plants produce large amounts of serotonin, for example, upon senescence. The melatonin biosynthetic capacity associated with conversion of tryptophan to serotonin is much higher than that associated with conversion of serotonin to melatonin, which yields a low level of melatonin synthesis in plants. Many melatonin intermediates are produced in various subcellular compartments, such as the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts, which either facilitates or impedes the subsequent enzymatic steps. Depending on the pathways, the final subcellular sites of melatonin synthesis vary at either the cytoplasm or chloroplasts, which may differentially affect the mode of action of melatonin in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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282
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Phenolic Melatonin-Related Compounds: Their Role as Chemical Protectors against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111442. [PMID: 27801875 PMCID: PMC6274579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no doubt about the serious threat that oxidative stress (OS) poses to human health. Therefore, a crucial strategy to maintain a good health status is to identify molecules capable of offering protection against OS through chemical routes. Based on the known efficiency of the phenolic and melatonin (MLT) families of compounds as antioxidants, it is logical to assume that phenolic MLT-related compounds should be (at least) equally efficient. Unfortunately, they have been less investigated than phenols, MLT and its non-phenolic metabolites in this context. The evidence reviewed here strongly suggests that MLT phenolic derivatives can act as both primary and secondary antioxidants, exerting their protection through diverse chemical routes. They all seem to be better free radical scavengers than MLT and Trolox, while some of them also surpass ascorbic acid and resveratrol. However, there are still many aspects that deserve further investigations for this kind of compounds.
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283
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Wei Y, Hu W, Wang Q, Liu W, Wu C, Zeng H, Yan Y, Li X, He C, Shi H. Comprehensive transcriptional and functional analyses of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava reveal their novel role in hypersensitive-like cell death. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35029. [PMID: 27739451 PMCID: PMC5064325 DOI: 10.1038/srep35029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a widely known hormone in animals. Since melatonin was discovered in plants, more and more studies highlight its involvement in a wide range of physiological processes including plant development and stress responses. Many advances have been made in the terms of melatonin-mediated abiotic stress resistance and innate immunity in plants, focusing on model plants such as rice and Arabidopsis. In this study, 7 melatonin synthesis genes were systematically analyzed in cassava. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that all these genes were commonly regulated by melatonin, flg22, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed the subcellular locations and possible roles of these melatonin synthesis genes. Notably, we highlight novel roles of these genes in hypersensitive-like cell death, as confirmed by the results of several physiological parameters. Moreover, transient expression of these genes had significant effects on the transcripts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and defense-related genes, and triggered the burst of callose depositions and papillae-associated plant defense, indicating the possible role of them in plant innate immunity. Taken together, this study reveals the comprehensive transcripts and putative roles of melatonin synthesis genes as well as melatonin in immune responses in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, Hainan province, 571101, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongqiu Zeng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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284
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Pretali L, Bernardo L, Butterfield TS, Trevisan M, Lucini L. Botanical and biological pesticides elicit a similar Induced Systemic Response in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) secondary metabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 130:56-63. [PMID: 27251587 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural pesticides have attracted substantial interest due to the increase in organic agriculture and enhanced attention to environmental pollution. Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) are applied for both disease control and growth enhancement; PGPBs are known to elicit Induced Systemic Response (ISR) in plants. However, less is known about the effect of botanical pesticides, such as the azadirachtin-containing neem extracts, on plant metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of foliar application of the above-mentioned natural pesticides on the metabolic profiling of tomato. Leaf application of Bacillus subtilis fostered Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) in treated plants via the Jasmonic acid pathway, and enhanced production of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phytoalexins and auxins. Changes in sterols and terpenes, as well as an increase in glucosinolates were also observed. Interestingly, azadirachtin-treated tomatoes also showed an increase in ISR and our results revealed that most of the enriched metabolites are shared with a B. subtilis treatment, suggesting conserved biochemical responses. These (un)expected findings indicate that plants are not insensitive to application of natural pesticide and while Azadirachtin is applied as a direct pesticide, it also stimulates a defense response in tomatoes very similar to B. subtilis induced ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pretali
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Letizia Bernardo
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Trevisan
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
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285
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Lee HJ, Back K. 2-Hydroxymelatonin promotes the resistance of rice plant to multiple simultaneous abiotic stresses (combined cold and drought). J Pineal Res 2016; 61:303-16. [PMID: 27264781 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the physiological roles of 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHMel) in rice seedlings. When they were challenged with simultaneous multiple abiotic stressors, such as a combination of cold and drought, those pretreated with 2-OHMel were resistant, whereas no tolerance was observed in seedlings treated with either melatonin or water (control). The tolerance phenotype was associated with the induction of several transporter proteins, including the proton transporter (UCP1), potassium transporter (HKT1), and water channel protein (PIP2;1). Treatment with 2-OHMel increased the content of the osmoprotectant proline and maintained mitochondrial structure when plants were subjected to a combination of cold and drought stress. We screened the corresponding transcription factors (TFs) for 2-OHMel-mediated resistance to the combined stressors through analysis of large numbers of cold- and drought-related TFs. Two TFs, Myb4 and AP37, were only induced by 2-OHMel treatment. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing rice Myb4 were not resistant to the combined stressors; however, the expression of UCP1, HKT1, and PIP2;1 transcripts was slightly enhanced. These data show that 2-OHMel alleviates the effects of simultaneous abiotic stressors via the actions of multiple TFs, including Myb4 and AP37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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286
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Li MQ, Hasan MK, Li CX, Ahammed GJ, Xia XJ, Shi K, Zhou YH, Reiter RJ, Yu JQ, Xu MX, Zhou J. Melatonin mediates selenium-induced tolerance to cadmium stress in tomato plants. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:291-302. [PMID: 27264631 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both selenium (Se) and melatonin reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake and mitigate Cd toxicity in plants. However, the relationship between Se and melatonin in Cd detoxification remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of three forms of Se (selenocysteine, sodium selenite, and sodium selenate) on the biosynthesis of melatonin and the tolerance against Cd in tomato plants. Pretreatment with different forms of Se significantly induced the biosynthesis of melatonin and its precursors (tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin); selenocysteine had the most marked effect on melatonin biosynthesis. Furthermore, Se and melatonin supplements significantly increased plant Cd tolerance as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition, photoinhibition, and electrolyte leakage (EL). Se-induced Cd tolerance was compromised in melatonin-deficient plants following tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) gene silencing. Se treatment increased the levels of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), as well as the expression of GSH and PC biosynthetic genes in nonsilenced plants, but the effects of Se were compromised in TDC-silenced plants under Cd stress. In addition, Se and melatonin supplements reduced Cd content in leaves of nonsilenced plants, but Se-induced reduction in Cd content was compromised in leaves of TDC-silenced plants. Taken together, our results indicate that melatonin is involved in Se-induced Cd tolerance via the regulation of Cd detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Xu
- Geological Research Center for Agricultural Applications, China Geological Survey, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China.
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287
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Sun Q, Zhang N, Wang J, Cao Y, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Tan DX, Guo YD. A label-free differential proteomics analysis reveals the effect of melatonin on promoting fruit ripening and anthocyanin accumulation upon postharvest in tomato. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:138-53. [PMID: 26820691 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the function of melatonin in tomato fruit ripening and quality improvement, a label-free quantitation method was used to investigate the proteins that differ between the control (CK) and 50 μm melatonin treatment (M50) fruits. Proteomics data identified 241 proteins that were significantly influenced by melatonin. These proteins were involved in several ripening-related pathways, including cell wall metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, carbohydrate, and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, the application of exogenous melatonin increased eight proteins that are related to anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening. Additionally, the affected protein levels correlated with the corresponding gene transcript levels. Further, the total anthocyanin content from M50 increased by 52%, 48%, and 50% at 5, 8, and 13 DAT (day after melatonin treatment), respectively. The melatonin-mediated promotion of fruit ripening and quality might be due to the altered proteins involved in processes associated with ripening. In this work, we indicated that a senescence-related protein was downregulated in the M50 fruit, while a cell apoptosis inhibitor (API5) protein was upregulated. In addition, peroxidases (POD9, POD12, peroxidase p7-like) and catalase (CAT3) significantly increased in the M50 fruits. Based on the previous studies and our data, we inferred that melatonin might be positively related to fruit ripening but negatively related to fruit senescence. This research provides insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying melatonin-mediated fruit ripening as well as the anthocyanin formation process in tomato fruit at the protein concentration level, and we reveal possible candidates for regulation of anthocyanin formation during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Cao
- College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Shandong Huasheng Agriculture Co. Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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288
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Subramanian P, Kim K, Krishnamoorthy R, Mageswari A, Selvakumar G, Sa T. Cold Stress Tolerance in Psychrotolerant Soil Bacteria and Their Conferred Chilling Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) under Low Temperatures. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161592. [PMID: 27580055 PMCID: PMC5006972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to study the culturable diversity of psychrotolerant bacteria persistent in soil under overwintering conditions, evaluate their ability to sustain plant growth and alleviate chilling stress in tomato. Psychrotolerant bacteria were isolated from agricultural field soil samples colleced during winter and then used to study chilling stress alleviation in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv Mill). Selective isolation after enrichment at 5°C yielded 40 bacterial isolates. Phylogenetic studies indicated their distribution in genera Arthrobacter, Flavimonas, Flavobacterium, Massilia, Pedobacter and Pseudomonas. Strains OS211, OB146, OB155 and OS261 consistently improved germination and plant growth when a chilling stress of 15°C was imposed and therefore were selected for pot experiments. Tomato plants treated with the selected four isolates exhibited significant tolerance to chilling as observed through reduction in membrane damage and activation of antioxidant enzymes along with proline synthesis in the leaves when exposed to chilling temperature conditions (15°C). Psychrotolerant physiology of the isolated bacteria combined with their ability to improve germination, plant growth and induce antioxidant capacity in tomato plants can be employed to protect plants against chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Subramanian
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361–763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361–763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361–763, Republic of Korea
| | - Anbazhagan Mageswari
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Selvakumar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361–763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tongmin Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361–763, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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289
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Li H, Dong Y, Chang J, He J, Chen H, Liu Q, Wei C, Ma J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang X. High-Throughput MicroRNA and mRNA Sequencing Reveals That MicroRNAs May Be Involved in Melatonin-Mediated Cold Tolerance in Citrullus lanatus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1231. [PMID: 27574526 PMCID: PMC4983558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of cold-responsive genes is crucial for exogenous melatonin-mediated cold tolerance in plants. Nonetheless, how melatonin regulates cold-responsive genes is largely unknown. In this study, we found that exogenous melatonin improved cold tolerance in watermelon by regulating expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). We identified a set of miRNAs that were regulated by melatonin under unstressed or cold conditions. Importantly, mRNA-seq analysis revealed that melatonin-induced downregulation of some miRNAs, such as miR159-5p, miR858, miR8029-3p, and novel-m0048-3p correlated with the upregulation of target genes involved in signal transduction (CDPK, BHLH, WRKY, MYB, and DREB) and protection/detoxification (LEA and MDAR) under cold stress. These results suggest that miRNAs may be involved in melatonin-mediated cold tolerance in watermelon by negatively regulating the expression of target mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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290
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Tan DX, Hardeland R, Back K, Manchester LC, Alatorre-Jimenez MA, Reiter RJ. On the significance of an alternate pathway of melatonin synthesis via 5-methoxytryptamine: comparisons across species. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:27-40. [PMID: 27112772 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a phylogenetically ancient molecule. It is ubiquitously present in almost all organisms from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to humans. Its original primary function is presumable to be that of an antioxidant with other functions of this molecule having been acquired during evolution. The synthetic pathway of melatonin in vertebrates has been extensively studied. It is common knowledge that serotonin is acetylated to form N-acetylserotonin by arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) or arylamine N-acetyltransferase (SNAT or NAT) and N-acetylserotonin is, subsequently, methylated to melatonin by N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT; also known as hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, HIOMT). This is referred to as a classic melatonin synthetic pathway. Based on new evidence, we feel that this classic melatonin pathway is not generally the prevailing route of melatonin production. An alternate pathway is known to exist, in which serotonin is first O-methylated to 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) and, thereafter, 5-MT is N-acetylated to melatonin. Here, we hypothesize that the alternate melatonin synthetic pathway may be more important in certain organisms and under certain conditions. Evidence strongly supports that this alternate pathway prevails in some plants, bacteria, and, perhaps, yeast and may also occur in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Lucien C Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Moises A Alatorre-Jimenez
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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291
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Altitudinal effects on the quality of green tea in east China: a climate change perspective. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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292
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Cao S, Song C, Shao J, Bian K, Chen W, Yang Z. Exogenous Melatonin Treatment Increases Chilling Tolerance and Induces Defense Response in Harvested Peach Fruit during Cold Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5215-22. [PMID: 27281292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exogenous melatonin on chilling injury in peach fruit after harvest was investigated. To explore the optimum concentration of melatonin for chilling tolerance induction, peach fruit were treated with 50, 100, or 200 μM melatonin for 120 min and then stored for 28 days at 4 °C. The results showed that application of melatonin at 100 μM was most effective in reducing chilling injury of peach fruit after harvest. Peaches treated with melatonin at this concentration displayed higher levels of extractable juice rate and total soluble solids than the non-treated peaches. In addition, melatonin treatment enhanced expression of PpADC, PpODC, and PpGAD and consequently increased polyamines and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents. Meanwhile, the upregulated transcripts of PpADC and PpODC and inhibited PpPDH expression resulted in the higher proline content in melatonin-treated fruit compared to the control fruit. Our results revealed that melatonin treatment may be a useful technique to alleviate chilling injury in cold-stored peach fruit. The chilling tolerance of harvested peaches induced by melatonin treatment is associated with higher levels of polyamine, GABA, and proline. These data provided here are the first protective evidence of exogenous melatonin in harvested horticultural products in response to direct chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Cao
- Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization , Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Song
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Shao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Bian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People's Republic of China
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293
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Zhou C, Ma Z, Zhu L, Xiao X, Xie Y, Zhu J, Wang J. Rhizobacterial Strain Bacillus megaterium BOFC15 Induces Cellular Polyamine Changes that Improve Plant Growth and Drought Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060976. [PMID: 27338359 PMCID: PMC4926508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria can improve plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unclear. We investigated the effects of Bacillusmegaterium BOFC15 on Arabidopsis plants. BOFC15 produced and secreted spermidine (Spd), a type of polyamine (PA) that plays an important role in plant growth. Moreover, BOFC15 induced changes in the cellular PAs of plants that promoted an increase of free Spd and spermine levels. However, these effects were remarkably abolished by the addition of dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), a Spd biosynthetic inhibitor. Additionally, the inoculation with BOFC15 remarkably increased plant biomass, improved root system architecture, and augmented photosynthetic capacity. Inoculated plants also displayed stronger ability to tolerate drought stress than non-inoculated (control) plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) content was notably higher in the inoculated plants than in the control plants under drought stress and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced stress conditions. However, the BOFC15-induced ABA synthesis was markedly inhibited by DCHA. Thus, microbial Spd participated in the modulation of the ABA levels. The Spd-producing BOFC15 improved plant drought tolerance, which was associated with altered cellular ABA levels and activated adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Zhongyou Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
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294
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295
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Kołodziejczyk I, Dzitko K, Szewczyk R, Posmyk MM. Exogenous melatonin improves corn (Zea mays L.) embryo proteome in seeds subjected to chilling stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 26945210 DOI: 10.1007/s11738-016-2166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in plant stress defense. Various plant species rich in this indoleamine have shown a higher capacity for stress tolerance. Moreover, it has great potential for plant biostimulation, is biodegradable and non-toxic for the environment. All this indicates that our concept of seed enrichment with exogenous MEL is justified. This work concerns the effects of corn (Zea mays L.) seed pre-sowing treatments supplemented with MEL. Non-treated seeds (nt), and those hydroprimed with water (H) or with MEL solutions 50 and 500 μM (HMel50, HMel500) were compared. Positive effects of seed priming are particularly apparent during germination under suboptimal conditions. The impact of MEL applied by priming on seed protein profiles during imbibition/germination at low temperature has not been investigated to date. In order to identify changes in the corn seed proteome after applying hydropriming techniques, purified protein extracts of chilling stressed seed embryos (14 days, 5°C) were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Then proteome maps were graphically and statistically compared and selected protein spots were qualitatively analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques and identified. This study aimed to analyze the priming-induced changes in maize embryo proteome and at identifying priming-associated and MEL-associated proteins in maize seeds subjected to chilling. We attempt to explain how MEL expands plant capacity for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata M Posmyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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296
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Byeon Y, Back K. Low melatonin production by suppression of either serotonin N-acetyltransferase or N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase in rice causes seedling growth retardation with yield penalty, abiotic stress susceptibility, and enhanced coleoptile growth under anoxic conditions. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:348-59. [PMID: 26919041 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) are the last two key enzymes for melatonin biosynthesis in living organisms. In this study, we demonstrated that transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, in which expression of either endogenous SNAT or ASMT was suppressed, had reduced melatonin synthesis, confirming that both SNAT and ASMT are functionally involved in melatonin synthesis. The melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had retarded seedling growth, which was partially restored by exogenous melatonin application, suggesting melatonin's role in seedling growth. In addition, the plants were more sensitive to various abiotic stresses, including salt and cold, compared with the wild type. Melatonin-deficient SNAT rice had increased coleoptile growth under anoxic conditions, indicating that melatonin also inversely regulates plant growth under anaerobic conditions with the concomitant high expression of alcohol dehydrogenase genes. Similarly, the melatonin-deficient ASMT rice exhibited accelerated senescence in detached flag leaves, as well as significantly reduced yield. These loss-of-function studies on the melatonin biosynthetic genes confirmed most previous pharmacological reports that melatonin not only promotes plant growth but also mitigates various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Byeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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297
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Kołodziejczyk I, Dzitko K, Szewczyk R, Posmyk MM. Exogenous melatonin improves corn (Zea mays L.) embryo proteome in seeds subjected to chilling stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 193:47-56. [PMID: 26945210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in plant stress defense. Various plant species rich in this indoleamine have shown a higher capacity for stress tolerance. Moreover, it has great potential for plant biostimulation, is biodegradable and non-toxic for the environment. All this indicates that our concept of seed enrichment with exogenous MEL is justified. This work concerns the effects of corn (Zea mays L.) seed pre-sowing treatments supplemented with MEL. Non-treated seeds (nt), and those hydroprimed with water (H) or with MEL solutions 50 and 500 μM (HMel50, HMel500) were compared. Positive effects of seed priming are particularly apparent during germination under suboptimal conditions. The impact of MEL applied by priming on seed protein profiles during imbibition/germination at low temperature has not been investigated to date. In order to identify changes in the corn seed proteome after applying hydropriming techniques, purified protein extracts of chilling stressed seed embryos (14 days, 5°C) were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Then proteome maps were graphically and statistically compared and selected protein spots were qualitatively analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques and identified. This study aimed to analyze the priming-induced changes in maize embryo proteome and at identifying priming-associated and MEL-associated proteins in maize seeds subjected to chilling. We attempt to explain how MEL expands plant capacity for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata M Posmyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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298
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Savvides A, Ali S, Tester M, Fotopoulos V. Chemical Priming of Plants Against Multiple Abiotic Stresses: Mission Possible? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:329-340. [PMID: 26704665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants are subjected to multiple abiotic stresses during their lifespan that greatly reduce productivity and threaten global food security. Recent research suggests that plants can be primed by chemical compounds to better tolerate different abiotic stresses. Chemical priming is a promising field in plant stress physiology and crop stress management. We review here promising chemical agents such as sodium nitroprusside, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydrosulfide, melatonin, and polyamines that can potentially confer enhanced tolerance when plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses. The challenges and opportunities of chemical priming are addressed, with the aim to boost future research towards effective application in crop stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Savvides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; Agrisearch Innovations Ltd, 2108 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tester
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus.
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299
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Byeon Y, Back K. Melatonin production in Escherichia coli by dual expression of serotonin N-acetyltransferase and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6683-6691. [PMID: 27005412 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known bioactive molecule produced in animals and plants and a well-studied natural compound. Two enzymatic steps are required for the biosynthesis of melatonin from serotonin. First, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) catalyzes serotonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS) followed by the action of N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), resulting in the synthesis of O-methylated NAS, also known as melatonin. Attempts to document melatonin production in Escherichia coli have been unsuccessful to date due to either low enzyme activity or inactive ASMT expression. Here, we employed caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) instead of ASMT, as COMT is a multifunctional enzyme that has ASMT activity as well. Among several combinations of dual expression cassettes, recombinant E. coli that expressed sheep SNAT with rice COMT produced a high quantity of melatonin, which was measured in a culture medium (1.46 mg/L in response to 1 mM serotonin). This level was several orders of magnitude higher than that produced in transgenic rice and tomato overexpressing sheep SNAT and ASMT, respectively. This heterologous expression system can be widely employed to screen various putative SNAT or ASMT genes from animals and plants as well as to overproduce melatonin in various useful microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Byeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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300
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Zhang N, Sun Q, Li H, Li X, Cao Y, Zhang H, Li S, Zhang L, Qi Y, Ren S, Zhao B, Guo YD. Melatonin Improved Anthocyanin Accumulation by Regulating Gene Expressions and Resulted in High Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Capacity in Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:197. [PMID: 27047496 PMCID: PMC4804130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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