251
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Chandra CM, Szwedo DE, Allen JP, Narr RK, Tan JS. Interactions between anxiety subtypes, personality characteristics, and emotional regulation skills as predictors of future work outcomes. J Adolesc 2020; 80:157-172. [PMID: 32145486 PMCID: PMC8248278 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined long-term predictive links between different types of anxiety in late adolescence and work-related outcomes in young adulthood. The presence of adaptive personality traits and positive emotion regulation and coping skills were hypothesized to buffer these associations, reducing the negative effects of anxiety on future work outcomes. METHODS Hypotheses were tested using multi-reporter data from a community sample of 184 youth in the United States followed from ages 17-30. Trait anxiety, anxious arousal, rejection sensitivity, and implicit rejection were each examined in late adolescence as predictors of work-related ambition, work performance, job satisfaction, and career satisfaction in young adulthood. Conscientiousness, grit, emotion regulation (ER) and coping skills were examined as potential moderators. RESULTS Although trait anxiety was the only anxiety variable directly predictive of work outcomes in regression analyses, personality variables and ER skills interacted with multiple types of anxiety to predict work outcomes. Interestingly, findings reflected a pattern in which a combination of greater conscientiousness and greater anxiety, and greater ER skills and greater anxiety, predicted more positive work outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings not only suggest that the development of traits such as conscientiousness and ER skills may be helpful for youth with higher levels of anxiety, but also that higher levels of anxiety, when appropriately balanced by other qualities, may be adaptive for promoting positive career development for some youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerella M Chandra
- James Madison University, Department of Psychology, 91 E. Grace St./MSC 7704, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
| | - David E Szwedo
- James Madison University, Department of Psychology, 91 E. Grace St./MSC 7704, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
| | - Joseph P Allen
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, P.O Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| | - Rachel K Narr
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, P.O Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| | - Joseph S Tan
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, P.O Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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252
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Wu Q, Feng X. Infant emotion regulation and cortisol response during the first 2 years of life: Association with maternal parenting profiles. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:1076-1091. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Family & Child Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Human Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
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253
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Silva K, Miller VA. Parenting and the Development of Impulse Control in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: The Mediating Role of Negative Affect. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019; 26:94-108. [PMID: 35702178 PMCID: PMC9191768 DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2019.1700797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parents are important for the development and maintenance of regulatory control. The current longitudinal study examined associations between parental coercion and autonomy support and impulse control in 117 youth (ages 8-16; Mage= 12.87, SD=2.53; 44% male) with Type 1 diabetes and explored whether youth negative affect mediated these associations. Parental coercion (but not autonomy support) was concurrently associated with lower impulse control and higher negative affect within individuals. Increases in youth negative affect partially mediated the within-person association between parental coercion and impulse control. These findings suggest that parent-directed interventions to reduce parental coercion may be most beneficial for impulse control if combined with youth-directed interventions to help them regulate negative affect. Replication of the current findings in a larger sample of youth with and without a chronic illness is needed to address the theoretical and empirical importance of negative affect as a potential mechanism through which parental coercion impacts youth impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victoria A Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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254
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Valdez C, Raines C, Davies K, D’Costa S. Latina/o Children Living With an Immigrant Mother With Depression: Developmental and Cultural Nuances in Recognition and Coping. FAMILY PROCESS 2019; 58:986-1002. [PMID: 30368803 PMCID: PMC6486877 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The psychological experience of maternal depression and its impact on immigrant Latina/o families often goes unrecognized and unaddressed. Children may feel especially helpless and confused about the changes they observe in their mothers' mood and behavior, and about the deterioration of family relationships. Given the interdependence of family structures of immigrant Latina/o households, maternal depression can be detrimental to Latina/o youth attributions and coping strategies, and to their relationship with their mothers. The quantitative focus of most research on maternal depression in Latina/o samples limits our understanding of family processes in maternal depression. The current qualitative study explores the perceived impact of maternal depression on Latina/o youths' attributions and coping strategies. This inquiry involved focus groups with 12 participants aged 9-16 years to explore their perspectives on maternal depression. All youth had participated in a 12-week multifamily group intervention focused on building family and cultural strengths to address maternal depression on immigrant Latina/o families. Findings of the focus groups illuminated the essential experience of youth living with maternal depression, and indicated that there are developmental considerations for how youth recognize and make meaning of maternal depression, and cope with disrupted family life. Additionally, youth reported engaging in these culture-specific ways of coping: using close sibling relationships and family structure as support, having fathers and extended family members engage in additional and restorative parenting practices, and participating in religious practices to seek refuge from family stress. We propose considerations for intervention and further areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valdez
- University of Texas at Austin, Steve Hicks School of Social Work and Department of Population Health, Austin, United States
| | | | - Kevin Davies
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison,Wisconsin,United States
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255
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Bámaca-Colbert MY, Henry CS, Perez-Brena N, Gayles JG, Martinez G. Cultural Orientation Gaps within a Family Systems Perspective. JOURNAL OF FAMILY THEORY & REVIEW 2019; 11:524-543. [PMID: 32405325 PMCID: PMC7220130 DOI: 10.1111/jftr.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The intersection of a family's heritage culture and new mainstream cultural norms results in person-to-person differences in values, beliefs, and behaviors, particularly among immigrant families. These differences often lead to divergent cultural views and patterns of behavior both within and between family members. According to the acculturation gap distress hypothesis, these cultural orientation gaps between family members have consequences for family functioning, and, in particular, adolescents' adjustment. Studies supporting this notion have primarily focused on processes in parent-adolescent dyads. Although scholarship on family cultural gaps emerged from a systems perspective, application of key systems tenets are notably limited in existing work. In this paper, we review the background and current state of research on family cultural gaps, provide an overview of key principles of systems perspectives, and then, integrate the cultural gap literature with key systems principles to identify future directions in research and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn S. Henry
- Oklahoma State University
- First three authors share equal contribution to the paper
| | - Norma Perez-Brena
- Texas State University
- First three authors share equal contribution to the paper
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256
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Miller-Slough R, Dunsmore JC. Longitudinal Patterns in Parent and Friend Emotion Socialization: Associations With Adolescent Emotion Regulation. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:953-966. [PMID: 30058751 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents learn about emotions through interacting with parents and friends, though there is limited longitudinal research on this topic. This study examined longitudinal patterns in parent and friend emotion socialization and adolescent emotion regulation. Eighty-seven adolescents reported on parent and friend emotion socialization. Parents reported on adolescent emotion regulation. Parents' responses were stable over time and across gender. Friends of girls reciprocated negative emotions more and were less punitive over time, whereas friends of boys increased in comforting and decreased in neglect of negative emotions. Parents and friends evidenced unique effects on adolescent emotion regulation, and the effect of friend socialization responses differed for girls and boys. Future research should examine combinatory influences of multiple socializers on adolescent adjustment.
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257
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Richmond S, Beare R, Johnson KA, Allen NB, Seal ML, Whittle S. Structural covariance networks in children and their associations with maternal behaviors. Neuroimage 2019; 202:115965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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258
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Visted E, Sørensen L, Vøllestad J, Osnes B, Svendsen JL, Jentschke S, Binder PE, Schanche E. The Association Between Juvenile Onset of Depression and Emotion Regulation Difficulties. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2262. [PMID: 31695636 PMCID: PMC6816416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile onset of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with increased likelihood of recurrent episodes of depression and more detrimental clinical trajectories. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of juvenile onset of MDD on emotion regulation as measured by self-report and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Furthermore, we wanted to assess whether juvenile onset impacted the association between rumination and depressive symptoms. Sixty-four individuals with at least three prior episodes of MDD were recruited and filled out self-report questionnaires measuring rumination and emotion regulation abilities. In addition, electrocardiographic assessments were used to calculate HRV. Based on self-reported age of MDD onset, individuals were divided in two groups: Juvenile onset of MDD (first MDD episode before the age of 18, n = 30) and adult onset of MDD (first MDD episode after the age of 18, n = 34). Results showed that individuals whose first depressive episode occurred in childhood and adolescence reported more rumination and less emotional clarity compared to individuals who had their first episode of MDD in adulthood. Moreover, the tendency to ruminate was strongly associated with depressive symptoms in the juvenile onset of MDD group, whereas no such association was found in the adult onset group. There was no significant group difference for HRV. The findings are discussed in light of existing literature, in addition to suggesting how our findings may inform clinical practice and future research. We conclude that juvenile onset of MDD may lead to difficulties in emotion regulation and that these difficulties may increase depressive symptoms and vulnerability for relapse in this particular subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Visted
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Solli District Psychiatric Center (DPS), Nesttun, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie Lillebostad Svendsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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259
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Frazier T, Sales JM. A preliminary study of early childhood parenting and adult past month drug use risk in low-income African American women. Addict Behav 2019; 97:84-89. [PMID: 31163293 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This preliminary study was designed to assess the feasibility of examining early childhood parenting factors and their relationship with adult past month drug use among low-income African American women. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 156 low-income African American women was conducted. Measures included the childhood parental bonding scale, frequency of exposure to corporal punishment (CP) in childhood, The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) and The Differentiation of Self Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the relationship between the primary predictors, latent parental bonding and corporal punishment exposure, with past month drug use. The intermediary construct, emotional reactivity, was also included in the SEM model to test mechanisms of mediation. RESULTS There was a significant main effect for maternal care on lower emotional reactivity patterns in adulthood. There was also a significant main effect for frequent CP on higher emotional reactivity patterns in adulthood. The relationship between both parenting measures and drug use were mediated by emotional reactivity. CONCLUSION Childhood maternal factors are a strong predictor of adult past month drug use, and this may be accounted for, in part, by the influence that parenting patterns in childhood have on adult emotional reactivity patterns. These observations should be examined in a longitudinal study to determine the stability of our observation that CP in childhood, even when controlling for positive maternal bonding patterns, influences emotional reactivity patterns that predispose an individual to negative coping strategies, such as drug use, in adulthood, among low-income African American women.
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260
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Fenesy MC, Teh SE, Lee SS. Negative Parenting Moderates the Prospective Association of ADHD Symptoms and Youth Social Problems. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1583-1597. [PMID: 30955186 PMCID: PMC10089769 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although ADHD and negative parenting are established predictors of youth outcomes, their independent and interactive effects on youth social functioning remain unclear. We tested childhood ADHD symptoms and negative parenting as independent and interactive predictors of prospective change in social problems across a four-year follow-up. At baseline, families of 221 (33% female) children with (n = 94) and without ADHD were rigorously assessed including observed positive and negative parenting behavior, youth ADHD symptoms, as well as multi-informant ratings of youth social problems at multiple occasions. Based on multiple regression with robust standard errors and full-information maximum likelihood procedures to address missing data, ADHD symptoms positively predicted social problems, even with control of observed parenting behavior, child age and sex, oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, and baseline social problems. Additionally, a child ADHD symptoms x negative parenting interaction uniquely predicted separate parent- and teacher-rated social problems where ADHD symptoms positively predicted social problems exclusively in the context of high (+1SD) and very high (+2 SD) negative parenting, respectively. When ADHD was separated into distinct dimensions (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity), an interaction between inattention symptoms and negative parenting approached significance such that inattention symptoms positively predicted parent-rated social problems in the context of high negative parenting. We discuss the interaction between parenting and ADHD symptoms in predictions of youth social problems and implications for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Fenesy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Shin Er Teh
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University School of Arts and Sciences, Busch Campus, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
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261
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Parenting styles and Turkish children’s emotion regulation: The mediating role of parent-teacher relationships. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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262
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Parental influences on neural mechanisms underlying emotion regulation. Trends Neurosci Educ 2019; 16:100118. [PMID: 31540673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2019.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence allows for the recognition and regulation of emotions in the self and others, making it critical for healthy social and emotional development. Research has shown that the parent-child relationship and family environment are influential in the development of emotion regulation, one key component of emotional intelligence. However, the neurobiological processes underlying this relationship have yet to be fully explored. This review examines perspectives from several disciplines to further understand the influence of parent-child interactions on the neurocircuitry shaping emotion regulation. Our proposed model demonstrates how parent-child interactions and parents' emotion regulation neurocircuitry may influence the development of children's own emotion regulation neurocircuitry, with a specific focus on associations among prefrontal regions, the anterior insula, and the amygdala.
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263
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Shaffer A, Fitzgerald MM, Shipman K, Torres M. Let’s Connect: A developmentally-driven emotion-focused parenting intervention. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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264
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McLean MA, Cobham VE, Simcock G, Kildea S, King S. Toddler Temperament Mediates the Effect of Prenatal Maternal Stress on Childhood Anxiety Symptomatology: The QF2011 Queensland Flood Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111998. [PMID: 31195616 PMCID: PMC6603961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is not known whether alterations to temperamental characteristics associated with prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) exposure account for the development of childhood anxiety symptomatology (internalizing behaviors and anxiety symptoms). The QF2011 Queensland flood study examined whether (1) toddler temperamental characteristics explained the association between PNMS exposure and childhood anxiety symptomatology; and (2) whether effects were dependent upon child sex or the timing of gestational exposure to PNMS. We investigated the effects of various aspects of flood-related stress in pregnancy (objective hardship, cognitive appraisal, subjective distress) on maternal report of 16-month toddler temperament (attentional control, shy-inhibition, negative reactivity), 4-year maternal-reported childhood anxiety symptomatology (internalizing and anxiety symptoms; N = 104), and teacher reports of internalizing behaviors (N = 77). Severity of maternal objective hardship during pregnancy and shy-inhibited behaviors were uniquely associated with 4-year child anxiety symptoms. Mediation analyses found that higher levels of 16-month negative reactivity accounted, in part, for the relationship between increased maternal objective flood-related hardship and greater internalizing behaviors (maternal but not teacher report). Neither child sex nor gestational timing of exposure moderated the hypothesized mediations. Our findings highlight several pathways through which varying aspects of disaster-related PNMS may influence early childhood anxiety symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia A McLean
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Vanessa E Cobham
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Gabrielle Simcock
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia.
| | - Sue Kildea
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Suzanne King
- Schizophrenia and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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265
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Brody GH, Yu T, Nusslock R, Barton AW, Miller GE, Chen E, Holmes C, McCormick M, Sweet LH. The Protective Effects of Supportive Parenting on the Relationship Between Adolescent Poverty and Resting-State Functional Brain Connectivity During Adulthood. Psychol Sci 2019; 30:1040-1049. [PMID: 31088209 DOI: 10.1177/0956797619847989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Children growing up in poverty are vulnerable to negative changes in the developing brain; however, these outcomes vary widely. We tested the hypothesis that receipt of supportive parenting would offset the association between living in poverty during adolescence and the connectivity of neural networks that support cognition and emotion regulation during young adulthood. In a sample of African American youths (N = 119) living in the rural South, poverty status and receipt of supportive parenting were assessed when youths were 11 to 13 and 16 to 18 years old. At age 25, resting-state functional connectivity of the central-executive and emotion-regulation neural networks was assessed using functional MRI. The results revealed that more years spent living in poverty presaged less connectivity in both neural networks among young adults who received low levels of supportive parenting but not among those who received high levels of such parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene H Brody
- 1 Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
| | - Tianyi Yu
- 1 Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
| | | | | | - Gregory E Miller
- 2 Department of Psychology, Northwestern University.,3 Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Edith Chen
- 2 Department of Psychology, Northwestern University.,3 Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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266
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Yeo GH, Cheah CSL, Sim TN. A tale of two countries: Singaporean and Chinese parents' emotion socialisation during childhood and the relation to adolescents' emotion regulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 55:163-172. [PMID: 30847904 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the conceptualisation of Singaporean and Chinese parents' emotion socialisation in childhood and the relation to adolescents' emotion regulation with 601 adolescents aged 12-15. For both Singaporean and Chinese parents, we examined the factorial structure underlying six parental reactions to children's negative emotions, and the relations between the established factors with adolescents' cognitive reappraisal and response suppression. The findings revealed differences in the conceptualisation of parental reactions for Singaporean and Chinese parents, with the three- and four-factor models indicating good fit, respectively. For Singaporean parents, the factor comprising Expressive Encouragement, Emotion-Focused and Problem-Focused reactions was positively correlated with male adolescents' cognitive reappraisal, and the factor comprising Punitive and Distress Reactions was positively related to female adolescents' response suppression. For Chinese parents, the Expressive Encouragement factor was positively correlated with male adolescents' cognitive reappraisal. These findings on cultural differences in the factors underlying parental reactions and their relations with adolescents' emotion regulation support the emotion competency framework for understanding parents' emotion socialisation across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geck H Yeo
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Tick N Sim
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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267
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Hu X, Han ZR, Wang H, Hu Y, Wang Q, Feng S, Yi L. The Relation of Parental Emotion Regulation to Child Autism Spectrum Disorder Core Symptoms: The Moderating Role of Child Cardiac Vagal Activity. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2480. [PMID: 30618925 PMCID: PMC6302007 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of parental emotion regulation (ER) on children's core symptoms in families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in middle childhood; the study also explored whether children's physiological ER functioning served as a risk or protective factor with respect to parental relationships. Thirty-one Chinese children with ASD (age 6-11) and their primary caregivers participated in this study. Parental ER and child ASD symptoms were collected via questionnaires from parents. Child cardiac vagal activity (derived from heart rate variability) was measured at rest and during a parent-child interaction task. Using moderation analyses, the results showed that parental ER was not directly associated with children's core ASD symptoms; rather, it interacted significantly with children's resting cardiac vagal activity, but not task-related changes of cardiac vagal activity, to exert an impact on children's core ASD symptoms. Specifically, our findings suggested that parents' difficulties with their own ER significantly impacted their children's core ASD symptoms only for the children who showed blunted resting cardiac vagal activity. Implications for the future measurement of ER in the family context and future directions for intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Special Education, Education Research Center for Children with ASD, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiandong Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Feng
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yi
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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268
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Rea HM, Factor RS, Swain DM, Scarpa A. The Association of the Broader Autism Phenotype with Emotion-Related Behaviors in Mothers of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Traits. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 49:950-959. [PMID: 30406436 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Broader autism phenotype (BAP) characteristics (pragmatic language deficits, aloofness, and rigidity) are prevalent in families of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may influence emotion-related behaviors. The current study analyzed associations among BAP characteristics with emotion-related behaviors in mothers of children with and without ASD. Twenty-seven mothers completed BAP and emotion regulation (ER) questionnaires. Maternal affect was coded during an interaction task. BAP rigidity negatively correlated with the ER strategy reappraisal. BAP total and pragmatic scores positively correlated with observed negative affect. Associations remained significant in step-wise regressions that controlled for other BAPQ subscale scores. Findings suggest that pragmatic difficulties may interfere with positive mother-child interactions and mothers with high rigidity may benefit from learning adaptive ER strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Rea
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Reina S Factor
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Deanna M Swain
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Angela Scarpa
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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269
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Wait and See: Observational Learning of Distraction as an Emotion Regulation Strategy in 22-Month-Old Toddlers. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 47:851-863. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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270
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Richmond S, Schwartz O, Johnson KA, Seal ML, Bray K, Deane C, Sheeber LB, Allen NB, Whittle S. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Observational Parent-Child Interaction Data. Assessment 2018; 27:1758-1776. [PMID: 30221976 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118796557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of studies using observational coding systems for family interaction data derive scales describing family members' behaviors based on rational/theoretical approaches. This study explored an empirical approach to identifying the component structure of parent-child observational data that incorporated the affective context of the interaction. Dyads of 155 typically developing 8-year-olds and their mothers completed questionnaires and two interaction tasks, one each designed to illicit positive and negative interactions. Behaviors were coded based on a modified version of the Family Interaction Macro-coding System. Multiple factor analysis identified four-component solutions for the maternal and child data. For both, two of the components included negative behaviors, one positive behavior, and one communicative behavior. Evidence for the validity of the maternal and child components was demonstrated by associations with child depression and anxiety symptoms and behavioral problems. Preliminary evidence supports an empirical approach to identify context-specific components in parent-child observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orli Schwartz
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marc L Seal
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Camille Deane
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas B Allen
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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271
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Liew J, Carlo G, Streit C, Ispa JM. Parenting beliefs and practices in toddlerhood as precursors to self-regulatory, psychosocial, and academic outcomes in early and middle childhood in ethnically diverse low-income families. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Liew
- Department of Educational Psychology; Texas A&M University
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- Department of Human Development and Family Science; University of Missouri
| | - Cara Streit
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education; University of New Mexico
| | - Jean M. Ispa
- Department of Human Development and Family Science; University of Missouri
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272
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Bat Or M, Papadaki A, Shalev O, Kourkoutas E. Associations Between Perception of Parental Behavior and "Person Picking an Apple From a Tree" Drawings Among Children With and Without Special Educational Needs (SEN). Front Psychol 2018; 9:1613. [PMID: 30233459 PMCID: PMC6131657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines and compares associations between perceptions of parental acceptance/rejection in 191 Greek school age children (84 inclusion class students and 107 typical class students, age range 10-12), and their "Person Picking an Apple from a Tree" (PPAT) drawings. Perception of parental behavior was measured by the "Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire" (Rohner and Khaleque, 2005). Drawing content was analyzed quantitatively according to a reliable rating system called the Symbolic Content in PPAT drawings (SC-PPAT: Bat Or et al., 2014, 2017). We employed k-means cluster analysis and obtained three relatively discrete PPAT scripts. Drawing content elements and scripts were found to be associated with children's perceptions of parental behavior; these associations were found mainly among children with special educational needs (SEN) and boys. Results are discussed in terms of children's subjective experience, clinical implications, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bat Or
- The Graduate School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andriani Papadaki
- Special Education and Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - Or Shalev
- The Graduate School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elias Kourkoutas
- Special Education and Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
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273
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Farrell AK, Imami L, Stanton SC, Slatcher RB. Affective processes as mediators of links between close relationships and physical health. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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274
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Eiden RD, Schuetze P, Shisler S, Huestis MA. Prenatal exposure to tobacco and cannabis: Effects on autonomic and emotion regulation. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 68:47-56. [PMID: 29727701 PMCID: PMC6161361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco and cannabis are often used together in pregnancy and both have effects on children's regulatory system. Yet, little is known about the impact of co-use on the development of emotion regulation at the developmentally salient age of 2 years. One pathway linking co-exposure to tobacco and cannabis to toddler regulation may be via poor autonomic regulation in infancy. In addition, substance using mothers may be more dysregulated themselves, which may have direct effects on toddler regulation, but may also affect parenting, particularly maternal sensitivity during mother-child interactions. Thus, a second pathway linking exposure to toddler regulation may be via maternal dysregulation and low maternal sensitivity. We examined a conceptual model linking prenatal exposure to toddler regulation via these two pathways in a prospective sample (N = 247) of mother-child dyads recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Results indicated significant effects of co-exposure on poor autonomic regulation in infancy, which in turn predicted poor toddler emotion regulation. Mothers who used both tobacco and cannabis displayed lower sensitivity during play interactions with their infants. Maternal sensitivity was modestly stable from infant to toddler period and was predictive of higher toddler emotion regulation. Continued postnatal exposure to tobacco was also a significant, unique predictor of lower toddler emotion regulation. Results highlight the importance of examining co-exposure effects and suggest that this common pattern of use may be associated with higher infant/toddler risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina D Eiden
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York.
| | - Pamela Schuetze
- State University of New York at Buffalo State, United States
| | | | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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275
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Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science perspective. Nature 2018; 554:441-450. [PMID: 29469094 DOI: 10.1038/nature25770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the case for investing in adolescence as a period of rapid growth, learning, adaptation, and formational neurobiological development. Adolescence is a dynamic maturational period during which young lives can pivot rapidly-in both negative and positive directions. Scientific progress in understanding adolescent development provides actionable insights into windows of opportunity during which policies can have a positive impact on developmental trajectories relating to health, education, and social and economic success. Given current global changes and challenges that affect adolescents, there is a compelling need to leverage these advances in developmental science to inform strategic investments in adolescent health.
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276
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Moilanen KL, Padilla-Walker LM, Blaacker DR. Dimensions of Short-Term and Long-Term Self-Regulation in Adolescence: Associations with Maternal and Paternal Parenting and Parent-Child Relationship Quality. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1409-1426. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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