251
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Maruhama Y, Ohneda A, Tadaki H, Ohtsuki M, Yanbe A. Hepatic steatosis and the elevated plasma insulin level in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. Metabolism 1975; 24:653-64. [PMID: 1128234 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(75)90145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Among 31 nonobese or obese patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis was found by histologic examination of the biopsied specimen in 17 patients, and it was severe in six patients, They had no history of excessive alcohol intake. Chemical analysis revealed that the lipid accumulated in the liver was triglyceride. The hypertriglyceridemic patients, with or without histologic steatosis, showed significantly increased responses of both plasma insulin and blood glucose to oral glucose load compared with control subjects. The responses were more exaggerated in the hypertriglyceridemic patients with steatosis than in the hypertriglyceridemic patients without steatosis. Analysis of correlations between five variables (liver triglyceride, plasma insulin, blood glucose, body weight index, and serum triglyceride) was done on 15 subjects whose liver triglyceride values were quantified, and highly significant correlations were found between liver triglyceride and plasma insulin, blood glucose, or body weight index. A step wise multiple regression analysis performed on the five variables with liver triglyceride as the dependent variable revealed that the plasma insulin level was the most closely related variable, and the blood glucose level the next. The prediction equation for liver triglyceride as a function of plasma insulin and blood glucose levels (r = 0.91, p greater than 0.001) accounted for 84 percent of the total variance of liver triglyceride. It was shown that the decay of intravenously injected insulin in plasma was not delayed in the hypertriglyceridemic patients with steatosis, while the insulin sensitivity examined after intravenous insulin injection significantly decreased in the hypertriglyceridemic patients with or without steatosis, thus suggesting that the hyperinsulinemia in the hypertriglyceridemic patients was due to an increased insulin secretion associated with the decrease in the insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the elevated plasma insulin and blood glucose levels--or the insulin insensitivity by itself--might be the essential abnormalities in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, which, in extreme cases, might lead to massive triglyceride accumulation in the liver.
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Abstract
In order to determine if increased caloric intake could be responsible for the insulin resistance and elevated plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels commonly associated with obesity, hypercaloric diets were fed for 3 wk to eight normal subjects, and the metabolic consequences of this diet were assessed before significant weight gain had occurred. One wk of increased caloric intake led to statistically significant increases in fasting plasma insulin (22 per cent), glucose (5 per cent), and triglyceride (30 per cent) levels, as well as an increased insulin response (20 per cent) to oral glucose. Since the average weight gain during this period was only 1.6 kg, the observed changes appear to be secondary to increased caloric consumption, not obesity. Most of these changes returned toward baseline values during the succeeding 2 wk of increased caloric intake, but statistically significant elevations of fasting plasma glucose (10 per cent), insulin (8 per cent) and cholesterol (15 per cent) levels were still seen at the end of the hypercaloric dietary period. On the other hand, insulin resistance, as estimated by direct measurement of insulin responsiveness, did not change as a result of 3 wk of increased caloric intake. These results indicate that acute increases in caloric intake can lead to elevated plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These changes occurred before significant weight gain had taken place, and raised the possibility that at least some of the abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism attributed to obesity may be due to increased caloric intake. However, this conclusion would not seem to apply to the insulin resistance associated with obesity, as 3 wk of increased caloric intake did not produce any change in the responsiveness of these subjects to insulin's action.
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253
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Mechanism of avian estrogen-induced hypertriglyceridemia: evidence for overproduction of triglyceride. J Lipid Res 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)36738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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254
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Cucuianu M, Popescu TA, Opincaru A, Hărăgus S. Serum pseudocholinesterase and ceruloplasmin in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. Clin Chim Acta 1975; 59:19-27. [PMID: 164306 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(75)90213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Starting from previous observations emphasizing an increased pseudocholinesterase (PCE) activity in obese and hyperlipemic subjects, the behaviour of this enzyme and of ceruloplasmin was studied in connection with changes of serum lipids and lipoproteins in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. When compared to values detected in 67 middle-aged normal weight normolipemic subjects, PCE activity was found to be significantly greater (smaller than 0.001) in the 49 overweight subjects without obvious hyperlipemia but presenting a moderate increase of the prebeta electrophoretic fraction. PCE activity was much higher in lean or overweight subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (68 patients with type IV and 86 patients with mixed hyperlipemia). The slight increase of mean values of PCE activity in the 53 subjects with type II-a was due mainly to overweight subjects, while this enzyme's activity was not significantly changed in lean subjects with pure hypercholesterolemia. PCE activity was positively correlated with serum triglyceride (r equals 0.540; p smaller than 0.001) and the prebeta electrophoretic fraction (r equals 610; p smaller than 0.001). The correlation with beta-lipoproteins was not significant. Ceruloplasmin levels were not significantly changed. It is suggested that elevation of PCE activity could be connected to mechanisms leading to an increased secretion rate of lipoproteins.
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255
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Sperling MA. Complications of systemic oral contraceptive therapy: Neoplasm--breast, uterus, cervix and vagina. West J Med 1975; 122:42-9. [PMID: 1089006 PMCID: PMC1130263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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256
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Dobbs R, Faloona GR, Unger RH. Effect of intravenously administered glucose on glucagon and insulin secretion during fat absorption. Metabolism 1975; 24:69-75. [PMID: 1110626 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(75)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intravenous infusion of glucose was found to alter profoundly the response of insulin and glucagon to an intraduodenally administered fat meal in conscious dogs from that of dogs given only intravenous saline as a control. In the latter, insulin rose only 4 muu/ml and glucagon rose from 142 SEM plus or minus 8 to a peak of 221 pg/ml SEM plus or minus 50. When glucose was infused, raising plasma glucose above 173 mg/100 ml, the administration of fat was associated with a rise in mean insulin to 344 muu/ml, and glucagon remained suppressed by hyperglycemia to below baseline level, despite the fat meal. The peak insulin response to a fat meal plus glucose infusion was more than three times the peak level observed when glucose was infused alone without a meal or with a nonabsorbable intraduodenal volume load in the form of mineral oil. This suggests that the absorption of fat elicits an entero-insular signal that is greatly potentiated by exogenous glucose. These glucose-induced changes in the hormonal response to a fat meal may mediate certain of the metabolic effects of carbohydrates.
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257
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Avogaro P, Cazzolato G, Pais M, Trabuio G. Carbohydrate-induced hyperlipemia in human atherosclerosis. ACTA DIABETOLOGICA LATINA 1974; 11:479-85. [PMID: 4469859 DOI: 10.1007/bf02624587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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258
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Swenson RS, Weisinger J, Reaven GM. Evidence that hemodialysis does not improve the glucose tolerance of patients with chronic renal failure. Metabolism 1974; 23:929-36. [PMID: 4413340 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(74)90042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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259
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260
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Adams PW, Kissebah AH, Harrigan P, Stokes T, Wynn V. The kinetics of plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride transport in patients with idiopathic hypertriglyceridaemia and their relation to carbohydrate metabolism. Eur J Clin Invest 1974; 4:149-61. [PMID: 4838693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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261
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262
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Olefsky J, Farquhar JW, Reaven GM. Sex difference in the kinetics of triglyceride metabolism in normal and hypertriglyceridaemic human subjects. Eur J Clin Invest 1974; 4:121-27. [PMID: 4365003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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263
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264
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Tiengo A, Muggeo M, Fedele D, Marchiori E, Crepaldi G. Insulin secretion in hyperlipoproteinemias. ACTA DIABETOLOGICA LATINA 1974; 11:148-64. [PMID: 4372840 DOI: 10.1007/bf02581314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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265
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Smith U, Kral J, Björntorp P. Influence of dietary fat and carbohydrate on the metabolism of adipocytes of different size in the rat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 337:278-85. [PMID: 4433551 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(74)90209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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266
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Olefsky J, Reaven GM, Farquhar JW. Effects of weight reduction on obesity. Studies of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. J Clin Invest 1974; 53:64-76. [PMID: 4357617 PMCID: PMC301439 DOI: 10.1172/jci107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable controversy exists over the purported role of obesity in causing hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance; and the potential beneficial effects of weight reduction remain incompletely defined. Hypertriglyceridemia is one of the metabolic abnormalities proposed to accompany obesity, and in order to help explain the mechanisms leading to this abnormality we have proposed the following sequential hypothesis: insulin resistance --> hyperinsulinemia --> accelerated hepatic triglyceride(TG) production --> elevated plasma TG concentrations. To test this hypothesis and to gain insight into both the possible role of obesity in causing the above metabolic abnormalities and the potential benefit of weight reduction we studied the effects of weight loss on various aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a group of 36 normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. Only weak to absent correlations (r = 0.03 - 0.46) were noted between obesity and the metabolic variables measured. This points out that in our study group obesity cannot be the sole, or even the major, cause of these abnormalities in the first place. Further, we have observed marked decreases after weight reduction in fasting plasma TG (mean value: pre-weight reduction, 319 mg/100 ml; post-weight reduction, 180 mg/100 ml) and cholesterol (mean values: pre-weight reduction, 282 mg/100 ml; post-weight reduction, 223 mg/100 ml) levels, with a direct relationship between the magnitude of the fall in plasma lipid values and the height of the initial plasma TG level. We have also noted significant decreases after weight reduction in the insulin and glucose responses during the oral glucose tolerance test (37% decrease and 12% decrease, respectively). Insulin and glucose responses to liquid food before and after weight reduction were also measured and the overall post-weight reduction decrease in insulin response was 48% while the glucose response was relatively unchanged. In a subgroup of patients we studied both the degree of cellular insulin resistance and the rate of hepatic very low density (VLDL) TG production before and after weight reduction. These subjects demonstrated significant decreases after weight reduction in both degree of insulin resistance (33% decrease) and VLDL-TG production rates (40% decrease). Thus, weight reduction has lowered each of the antecedent variables (insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and VLDL-TG production) that according to the above hypothesis lead to hypertriglyceridemia, and we believe the overall scheme is greatly strengthened. Furthermore, the consistent decreases in plasma TG and cholesterol levels seen in all subjects lead us to conclude that weight reduction is an important therapeutic modality for patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.
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267
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Muntoni S. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by biguanides: implications for metabolic physiopathology. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1974; 12:311-77. [PMID: 4607669 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024912-1.50014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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268
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Sjöström L. Fatty acid synthesis de novo in adipose tissue from obese subjects on a hypercaloric high-carbohydrate diet. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1973; 32:339-49. [PMID: 4771104 DOI: 10.3109/00365517309084357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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269
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Holm J, Dahllöf AG, Björntorp P, Scherstèn T. Glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and lipids in intermittent claudication with reference to muscle metabolism. Metabolism 1973; 23:1395-402. [PMID: 4749542 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(73)90255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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270
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Waddell M, Fallon HJ. The effect of high-carbohydrate diets on liver triglyceride formation in the rat. J Clin Invest 1973; 52:2725-31. [PMID: 4748509 PMCID: PMC302539 DOI: 10.1172/jci107467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of feeding diets containing 75% glucose or fructose on liver triglyceride formation in the rat was studied by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The results were compared with those from control rats fed laboratory chow. Both high-sugar diets increased the capacity for triglyceride formation from sn-glycerol-3-P by rat liver homogenates and correspondingly increased incorporation of [1,3-(14)C]glycerol into hepatic triglyceride by the intact animal. These independent measures of hepatic triglyceride production changed with a similar time-course characteristic for each diet. The 75% fructose diet produced a greater increase in both determinations, reaching a maximum after 11 days.Despite the increase in hepatic triglyceride formation by both high-sugar diets, only the 75% fructose diet resulted in a consistent and sustained increase in serum triglyceride. This results most probably from differences in the fractional rate of serum triglyceride removal between the two groups.When serum triglyceride removal was inhibited by administration of Triton WR-1339, both high-sugar diets increased incorporation of [1,3-(14)C]glycerol in serum triglyceride in vivo and increased serum triglyceride level above that in control rats.
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271
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Sjöström L. Carbohydrate-stimulated fatty acid synthesis de novo in human adipose tissue of different cellular types. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1973; 194:387-404. [PMID: 4757218 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1973.tb19464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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272
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273
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Odell WD. The role of carbohydrate and oral agents in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Calif Med 1973; 119:37-47. [PMID: 4749311 PMCID: PMC1455263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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274
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Robertson RP, Gavareski DJ, Henderson JD, Porte D, Bierman EL. Accelerated triglyceride secretion. A metabolic consequence of obesity. J Clin Invest 1973; 52:1620-6. [PMID: 4718956 PMCID: PMC302434 DOI: 10.1172/jci107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new animal model was developed to determine the effect of obesity upon endogenous triglyceride secretion. Desert sand rats (Psammomys obesus), rodents which become spontaneously obese and hyperinsulinemic when given ad lib. chow, were given intravenous Triton to allow in vivo measurement of triglyceride secretion rates (TGSR). In a group of 18 fasted animals of varying body weight and degrees of obesity, TGSR correlated significantly with body weight (r=0.68, P < 0.01) indicating that obesity was associated with accelerated endogenous release of triglyceride. In these same animals, basal plasma insulin levels correlated significantly with body weight (r=0.78, P < 0.001) and TGSR correlated significantly with mean plasma insulin levels (r=0.73, P < 0.001), suggesting that hyperinsulinemia may have been the mechanism through which obesity enhanced TGSR. No correlation was found between basal triglyceride level and either body weight, basal insulin, or TGSR which suggested that individual triglyceride removal rates among the animals may have been variable. To test this hypothesis, seven animals were studied prospectively before and after induction of obesity. There were significant increases (P < 0.02) in all parameters, i.e., weight, plasma insulin level, TGSR, and basal triglyceride level. Thus, when each animal was used as its own control, thereby minimizing the postulated factor of variable individual triglyceride removal, increments in basal triglyceride were shown to accompany the development of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and accelerated triglyceride secretion. These data from studies in the sand rat offer in vivo evidence that obesity leads to accelerated triglyceride secretion, an effect which may be mediated by hyperinsulinemai, and which can be invoked as one possible mechanism to explain hypertriglyceridemia associated with obesity in man.
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275
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Stout RW, Buchanan KD, Vallance-Owen J. The relationship of arterial disease and glucagon metabolism in insulin-treated chickens. Atherosclerosis 1973; 18:153-62. [PMID: 4741531 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(73)90126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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276
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Glueck CJ, Ford S, Steiner P, Fallat R. Triglyceride removal efficiency and lipoprotein lipases: effects of Oxandrolone. Metabolism 1973; 22:807-14. [PMID: 4350849 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(73)90051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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277
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Arora KK, Atkinson MK, Trafford JA, Sheldon J, Nunn R. Changes in glucose tolerance, insulin, serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with renal failure on intermittent haemodialysis. Postgrad Med J 1973; 49:293-6. [PMID: 4804451 PMCID: PMC2495867 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.49.571.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fasting serum lipids and lipoprotein patterns, glucose tolerance and serum insulin response to glucose were investigated in eight patients with renal failure on intermittent haemodialysis and five normal controls. The mean 0·5, 1 and 2 hr blood glucose values were significantly higher in patients compared with controls but there was no significant difference between patients and controls in respect of fasting serum insulin levels or the insulin response to glucose. Six of the eight patients showed hypertriglyceridaemia (hyperprebetalipoproteinaemia).
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278
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Jacobsen BB. Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia. Metabolic changes in hyperlipaemic and previously hyperlipaemic ("susceptible") male patients. Atherosclerosis 1973; 17:471-81. [PMID: 4577010 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(73)90037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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279
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Gibson TC, Whorton EB. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia in a natural community. JOURNAL OF CHRONIC DISEASES 1973; 26:227-36. [PMID: 4351694 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(73)90103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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280
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Kokot F, Kuska J. Influence of extracorporeal dialysis on glucose utilization and insulin secretion in patients with acute renal failure. Eur J Clin Invest 1973; 3:105-11. [PMID: 4696505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1973.tb00336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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281
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Schlierf G, Dorow E. Diurnal patterns of triglycerides, free fatty acids, blood sugar, and insulin during carbohydrate-induction in man and their modification by nocturnal suppression of lipolysis. J Clin Invest 1973; 52:732-40. [PMID: 4685092 PMCID: PMC302312 DOI: 10.1172/jci107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that carbohydrate induction of hypertriglyceridemia in normal subjects occurs at night and appears to be related to a rise of free fatty acids after diurnal feeding of high-carbohydrate formula diet. The present investigation was undertaken to observe the effect on 24-h triglyceride, free fatty acid, blood sugar, and plasma insulin profiles of inhibition of nocturnal lipolysis by glucose or nicotinic acid in normal subjects and in patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. In 10 normal subjects and 10 patients with primary type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid, blood sugar, and insulin levels were followed in short intervals for 24 h while a 2,400 cal, 80% carbohydrate, fat-free formula diet was given in six equal portions during the day (control experiments). This procedure was repeated in the same subjects, 10 of whom (5 normal subjects and 5 patients) received additional feedings of glucose between 2000 and 0600 h while the other 10 persons (5 normal subjects and 5 patients) were given nicotinic acid by intravenous infusion during the same time interval. Both procedures resulted in maintained lowering of free fatty acid levels over 24 h. Mitigation of carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia appeared to result from the additional glucose in normals and in patients. Nicotinic acid abolished the nocturnal rise of plasma triglyceride levels which in the control studies of normal subjects had resulted in approximate doubling of triglyceride levels in 24 h. The effectiveness of nicotinic acid in inhibiting nocturnal lipolysis and preventing carbohydrate-induction of hypertriglyceridemia might have consequences for management of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.
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Blacket RB, Leelarthaepin B, Palmer AJ, Woodhill JM. Coronary heart disease in young men: a study of seventy patients with a critical review of etiological factors. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1973; 3:39-62. [PMID: 4512534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1973.tb03956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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284
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Florey CD, McDonald H, Miall WE, Milner RD. Serum lipids and their relation to blood glucose and cardiovascular measurements in a rural population of Jamaican adults. JOURNAL OF CHRONIC DISEASES 1973; 26:85-100. [PMID: 4694192 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(73)90007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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285
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Fraser R, Lowy C, Elkeles RS, Lewis B, Mancini M. Insulin, glucose and lipid levels in mild diabetics in relation to complications. ADVANCES IN METABOLIC DISORDERS 1973; 2:Suppl 2:83-101. [PMID: 4720391 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027362-1.50016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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286
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287
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Lewis B, Mancini M, Mattock M, Chait A, Fraser TR. Plasma triglyceride and fatty acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest 1972; 2:445-53. [PMID: 4655970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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288
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289
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290
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Tulloch BR, Dyal K, Fraser TR. Increased lipid synthesis by liver slice in a superfusion system following raised glucose or insulin concentration. Diabetologia 1972; 8:267-73. [PMID: 4636702 DOI: 10.1007/bf01225570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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291
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Avogaro P, Capri C, Cazzolato G, Pais M. [Blood lipid changes in diabetes mellitus]. ACTA DIABETOLOGICA LATINA 1972; 9:540-61. [PMID: 4632946 DOI: 10.1007/bf01564570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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292
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Tzagournis M, Chiles R, Herrold J, Skillman T. The role of endogenous insulin in different hyperlipidemic states. Diabetologia 1972; 8:215-20. [PMID: 5047263 DOI: 10.1007/bf01212265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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293
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Reaven GM, Olefsky J, Farquhar JW. Does hyperglycaemia or hyperinsulinaemia characterise the patient with chemical diabetes? Lancet 1972; 1:1247-9. [PMID: 4113513 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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294
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Boberg J, Carlson LA, Freyschuss U. Determination of splanchnic secretion rate of plasma triglycerides and of total and splanchnic turnover of plasma free fatty acids in man. Eur J Clin Invest 1972; 2:123-32. [PMID: 5038803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Gustafson A, Kjellmer I, Olegård R, Victorin L. Nutrition in low-birth-weight infants. I. Intravenous injection of fat emulsion. Acta Paediatr 1972; 61:149-58. [PMID: 5062274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1972.tb15919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Vermeulen A, Rottiers R. Influence of dimethylbiguanide (Metformin) on carbohydrate metabolism in obese, non-diabetic women. Diabetologia 1972; 8:8-11. [PMID: 5027234 DOI: 10.1007/bf01219980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Glueck CJ, Scheel D, Fishback J, Steiner P. Progestagens, anabolic-androgenic compounds, estrogens: effects on triglycerides and postheparin lipolytic enzymes. Lipids 1972; 7:110-3. [PMID: 4551949 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Topping DL, Mayes PA. The immediate effects of insulin and fructose on the metabolism of the perfused liver. Changes in lipoprotein secretion, fatty acid oxidation and esterification, lipogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Biochem J 1972; 126:295-311. [PMID: 5071176 PMCID: PMC1178380 DOI: 10.1042/bj1260295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1. When livers from fed rats were perfused with blood containing elevated concentrations of rat insulin or blood to which fructose was added, the oxidation of free fatty acids was depressed and their esterification was increased. 2. Raised concentrations of insulin or addition of fructose increased secretion of triglyceride in very-low-density lipoproteins, but only insulin caused more of the free fatty acids taken up by the liver to be incorporated into very-low-density lipoproteins. 3. When insulin and fructose were added together the combined effect on oxidation and esterification of free fatty acids and on secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins was equal to the sum of the effects of either alone. No statistically significant interaction between the effects of fructose and insulin was found for any of the parameters investigated. 4. Bovine insulin had similar effects, in most respects, to comparable studies with raised concentrations of rat insulin. 5. Lipogenesis was increased in the livers treated with fructose plus bovine insulin. 6. A significant proportion of the fatty acids in very-low-density lipoproteins were derived either from the liver triglyceride pool or from lipogenesis. This fraction was increased both by treatment with insulin or fructose, and was augmented further when both insulin and fructose were present together. 7. The uptake of fructose by the perfused liver was similar to that found in vivo. It was unaffected by the presence of insulin. 8. Addition of fructose to the perfused liver caused perfusate lactate concentrations to increase, as a result of diminished hepatic uptake of lactate. 9. The uptake of free fatty acids by the perfused liver was unaffected by the addition of either insulin or fructose. 10. The distribution among the various lipid classes in plasma lipoproteins of label arising from the hepatic uptake of [(14)C]oleate was unaltered by the addition of either fructose or insulin. 11. It is suggested that the effects described are due principally to control of the balance between esterification of fatty acids and lipolysis of the ensuing triglyceride, fructose enhancing esterification and insulin inhibiting lipolysis.
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