251
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Mittler R, Blumwald E. The roles of ROS and ABA in systemic acquired acclimation. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:64-70. [PMID: 25604442 PMCID: PMC4330577 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.133090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Systemic responses to environmental stimuli are essential for the survival of multicellular organisms. In plants, they are initiated in response to many different signals including pathogens, wounding, and abiotic stresses. Recent studies highlighted the importance of systemic acquired acclimation to abiotic stresses in plants and identified several different signals involved in this response. These included reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium waves, hydraulic waves, electric signals, and abscisic acid (ABA). Here, we address the interactions between ROS and ABA at the local and systemic tissues of plants subjected to abiotic stress and attempt to propose a model for the involvement of ROS, ABA, and stomata in systemic signaling leading to systemic acquired acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Mittler
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270
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252
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Imai H, Noda Y, Tamaoki M. Alteration of Arabidopsis SLAC1 promoter and its association with natural variation in drought tolerance. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e989761. [PMID: 25695335 PMCID: PMC4623007 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.989761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation for drought tolerance is a major issue in adaptation and geographic distribution of terrestrial plants. Despite the importance, little is known about the genes and molecular mechanisms that determine its naturally occurring diversity. We analyzed the intraspecific drought tolerance variation between 2 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia (Col)-0 and Wassilewskija (Ws)-2. Measurement of weight loss in detached seedlings demonstrated a clear difference between drought-tolerant Col-0 and drought-sensitive Ws-2. They also differed in their stomatal response under drought condition. Using a quantitative genetic approach, we found a significant quantitative locus on chromosome 1. Surveying in the locus, we extrapolated that the SLAC1 gene, which is associated with stomatal closure, was likely responsible for the difference of drought tolerance. Comparison of their nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that there were few differences in regions encoding SLAC1 protein but was a large deletion in SLAC1 promoter of Ws-2. Histochemical GUS staining showed that the SLAC1 expressed dominantly in guard cells of Col-0, but did less in guard cells of Ws-2. Quantitative PCR analysis also showed that transcript level of SLAC1 in guard cells was higher in Col-0 than in Ws-2. The SLAC1 transcription analyses indicate low accumulation of SLAC1 in guard cells of Ws-2. When taken together, our results suggest that the low drought tolerance of Ws-2 was associated with the deletion of the promoter region of Ws-2 SLAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Imai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennohdai; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusaku Noda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennohdai; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanori Tamaoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennohdai; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Onogawa; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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253
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Huang L, Zhang F, Zhang F, Wang W, Zhou Y, Fu B, Li Z. Comparative transcriptome sequencing of tolerant rice introgression line and its parents in response to drought stress. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1026. [PMID: 25428615 PMCID: PMC4258296 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa. L) is more sensitive to drought stress than other cereals, and large genotypic variation in drought tolerance (DT) exists within the cultivated rice gene pool and its wild relatives. Selective introgression of DT donor segments into a drought-sensitive (DS) elite recurrent parent by backcrossing is an effective way to improve drought stress tolerance in rice. To dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying DT in rice, deep transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate transcriptome differences among a DT introgression line H471, the DT donor P28, and the drought-sensitive, recurrent parent HHZ under drought stress. RESULTS The results revealed constitutively differential gene expression before stress and distinct global transcriptome reprogramming among the three genotypes under a time series of drought stress, consistent with their different genotypes and DT phenotypes. A set of genes with higher basal expression in both H471 and P28 compared with HHZ were functionally enriched in oxidoreductase and lyase activities, implying their positive role in intrinsic DT. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that common up-regulated genes in all three genotypes under mild drought stress were enriched in signaling transduction and transcription regulation. Meanwhile, diverse functional categories were characterized for the commonly drought-induced genes in response to severe drought stress. Further comparative transcriptome analysis between H471 and HHZ under drought stress found that introgression caused wide-range gene expression changes; most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in H471 relative to HHZ under drought were beyond the identified introgressed regions, implying that introgression resulted in novel changes in expression. Co-expression analysis of these DEGs represented a complex regulatory network, including the jasmonic acid and gibberellin pathway, involved in drought stress tolerance in H471. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive gene expression profiles revealed that genotype-specific drought induced genes and genes with higher expression in the DT genotype under normal and drought conditions contribute jointly to DT improvement. The molecular genetic pathways of drought stress tolerance uncovered in this study, as well as the DEGs co-localized with DT-related QTLs and introgressed intervals, will serve as useful resources for further functional dissection of the molecular mechanisms of drought stress response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yongli Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12#, Beijing 100081, China.
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254
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The epiphytic fern Elaphoglossum luridum (Fée) Christ. (Dryopteridaceae) from Central and South America: morphological and physiological responses to water stress. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:817892. [PMID: 25386618 PMCID: PMC4217239 DOI: 10.1155/2014/817892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaphoglossum luridum (Fée) Christ. (Dryopteridaceae) is an epiphytic fern of the Atlantic Forest (Brazil). Anatomical and physiological studies were conducted to understand how this plant responds to water stress. The E. luridum frond is coriaceus and succulent, presenting trichomes, relatively thick cuticle, and sinuous cell walls in both abaxial and adaxial epidermis. Three treatments were analyzed: control, water deficit, and abscisic acid (ABA). Physiological studies were conducted through analysis of relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and malate content. No changes in RWC were observed among treatments; however, significant decreases in chlorophyll a content and photosynthetic parameters, including optimal irradiance (I opt) and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax), were determined by rapid light curves (RLC). No evidence of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway was observed in E. luridum in response to either water deficit or exogenous application of ABA. On the other hand, malate content decreased in the E. luridum frond after ABA treatment, seeming to downregulate malate metabolism at night, possibly through tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle regulation.
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255
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Cavalcanti JHF, Esteves-Ferreira AA, Quinhones CGS, Pereira-Lima IA, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Araújo WL. Evolution and functional implications of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as revealed by phylogenetic analysis. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:2830-48. [PMID: 25274566 PMCID: PMC4224347 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a crucial component of respiratory metabolism, is composed of a set of eight enzymes present in the mitochondrial matrix. However, most of the TCA cycle enzymes are encoded in the nucleus in higher eukaryotes. In addition, evidence has accumulated demonstrating that nuclear genes were acquired from the mitochondrial genome during the course of evolution. For this reason, we here analyzed the evolutionary history of all TCA cycle enzymes in attempt to better understand the origin of these nuclear-encoded proteins. Our results indicate that prior to endosymbiotic events the TCA cycle seemed to operate only as isolated steps in both the host (eubacterial cell) and mitochondria (alphaproteobacteria). The origin of isoforms present in different cell compartments might be associated either with gene-transfer events which did not result in proper targeting of the protein to mitochondrion or with duplication events. Further in silico analyses allow us to suggest new insights into the possible roles of TCA cycle enzymes in different tissues. Finally, we performed coexpression analysis using mitochondrial TCA cycle genes revealing close connections among these genes most likely related to the higher efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in this specialized organelle. Moreover, these analyses allowed us to identify further candidate genes which might be used for metabolic engineering purposes given the importance of the TCA cycle during development and/or stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Henrique Frota Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto A Esteves-Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Carla G S Quinhones
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Italo A Pereira-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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256
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McLachlan DH, Kopischke M, Robatzek S. Gate control: guard cell regulation by microbial stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:1049-1063. [PMID: 25040778 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants rely on stomata, small pores in the leaf surface, for photosynthetic gas exchange and transpiration of water. The stomata, formed by a pair of guard cells, dynamically increase and decrease their volume to control the pore size in response to environmental cues. Stresses can trigger similar or opposing movements: for example, drought induces closure of stomata, whereas many pathogens exploit stomata and cause them to open to facilitate entry into plant tissues. The latter is an active process as stomatal closure is part of the plant's immune response. Stomatal research has contributed much to clarify the signalling pathways of abiotic stress, but guard cell signalling in response to microbes is a relatively new area of research. In this article, we discuss present knowledge of stomatal regulation in response to microbes and highlight common points of convergence, and differences, compared to stomatal regulation by abiotic stresses. We also expand on the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate these processes to promote disease, for example by delivering effectors to inhibit closure or trigger opening of stomata. The study of pathogen effectors in stomatal manipulation will aid our understanding of guard cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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257
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Giday H, Fanourakis D, Kjaer KH, Fomsgaard IS, Ottosen CO. Threshold response of stomatal closing ability to leaf abscisic acid concentration during growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4361-70. [PMID: 24863434 PMCID: PMC4112639 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf abscisic acid concentration ([ABA]) during growth influences morpho-physiological traits associated with the plant's ability to cope with stress. A dose-response curve between [ABA] during growth and the leaf's ability to regulate water loss during desiccation or rehydrate upon re-watering was obtained. Rosa hybrida plants were grown at two relative air humidities (RHs, 60% or 90%) under different soil water potentials (-0.01, -0.06, or -0.08MPa) or upon grafting onto the rootstock of a cultivar sustaining [ABA] at elevated RH. Measurements included [ABA], stomatal anatomical features, stomatal responsiveness to desiccation, and the ability of leaves, desiccated to varying degrees, to recover their weight (rehydrate) following re-watering. Transpiration efficiency (plant mass per transpired water) was also determined. Soil water deficit resulted in a lower transpiration rate and higher transpiration efficiency at both RHs. The lowest [ABA] was observed in well-watered plants grown at high RH. [ABA] was increased by soil water deficit or grafting, at both RHs. The growth environment-induced changes in stomatal size were mediated by [ABA]. When [ABA] was increased from the level of (well-watered) high RH-grown plants to the value of (well-watered) plants grown at moderate RH, stomatal responsiveness was proportionally improved. A further increase in [ABA] did not affect stomatal responsiveness to desiccation. [ABA] was positively related to the ability of dehydrated leaves to rehydrate. The data indicate a growth [ABA]-related threshold for stomatal sensitivity to desiccation, which was not apparent either for stomatal size or for recovery (rehydration) upon re-watering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Giday
- Department of Food Science, Århus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792, Årslev, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios Fanourakis
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrine H Kjaer
- Department of Food Science, Århus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792, Årslev, Denmark
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology-Crop Health, Århus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Århus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792, Årslev, Denmark
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258
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Cvetkovska M, Dahal K, Alber NA, Jin C, Cheung M, Vanlerberghe GC. Knockdown of mitochondrial alternative oxidase induces the 'stress state' of signaling molecule pools in Nicotiana tabacum, with implications for stomatal function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:449-461. [PMID: 24635054 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes an alternative oxidase (AOX) that may control the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS and RNS act as signaling intermediates in numerous plant processes, including stomatal movement. The role of AOX in controlling ROS and RNS concentrations under both steady-state and different stress conditions was evaluated using Nicotiana tabacum plants lacking AOX as a result of RNA interference. A potential functional implication of changes in ROS and RNS homeostasis was also evaluated by examining stomatal function. The leaves of nonstressed AOX knockdowns maintained concentrations of H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) normally seen in wildtype plants only under stress conditions. Further, guard cell NO amounts were much higher in knockdowns. These guard cells were altered in size and were less responsive to NO as a signal for stomatal closure. This, in turn, compromised the stomatal response to changing irradiance. The results reveal a role for AOX in stomata. A working model is that guard cell AOX respiration maintains NO homeostasis by preventing over-reduction of the ETC, particularly during periods when high concentrations of NO acting as a signal for stomatal closure may also be inhibiting cyt oxidase respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cvetkovska
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Cathy Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Melissa Cheung
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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259
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Attaran E, Major IT, Cruz JA, Rosa BA, Koo AJK, Chen J, Kramer DM, He SY, Howe GA. Temporal Dynamics of Growth and Photosynthesis Suppression in Response to Jasmonate Signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1302-1314. [PMID: 24820026 PMCID: PMC4081338 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.239004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stress constrains plant productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Repression of photosynthetic genes is a conserved plant response to biotic attack, but how this transcriptional reprogramming is linked to changes in photosynthesis and the transition from growth- to defense-oriented metabolism is poorly understood. Here, we used a combination of noninvasive chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology and RNA sequencing to determine the effect of the defense hormone jasmonate (JA) on the growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and gene expression of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) rosette leaves. High temporal resolution was achieved through treatment with coronatine (COR), a high-affinity agonist of the JA receptor. We show that leaf growth is rapidly arrested after COR treatment and that this effect is tightly correlated with changes in the expression of genes involved in growth, photosynthesis, and defense. Rapid COR-induced expression of defense genes occurred concomitantly with the repression of photosynthetic genes but was not associated with a reduced quantum efficiency of photosystem II. These findings support the view that photosynthetic capacity is maintained during the period in which stress-induced JA signaling redirects metabolism from growth to defense. Chlorophyll fluorescence images captured in a multiscale time series, however, revealed a transient COR-induced decrease in quantum efficiency of photosystem II at dawn of the day after treatment. Physiological studies suggest that this response results from delayed stomatal opening at the night-day transition. These collective results establish a high-resolution temporal view of how a major stress response pathway modulates plant growth and photosynthesis and highlight the utility of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for revealing transient stress-induced perturbations in photosynthetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Attaran
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Ian T Major
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jeffrey A Cruz
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Abraham J K Koo
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jin Chen
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - David M Kramer
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Departments of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory (E.A., I.T.M., J.A.C., B.A.R., A.J.K.K., J.C., D.M.K., S.Y.H., G.A.H.), Computer Sciences and Engineering (B.A.R., J.C.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.M.K., G.A.H.), and Plant Biology (S.Y.H.), andHoward Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (S.Y.H.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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260
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Yan L, Cheng X, Jia R, Qin Q, Guan L, Du H, Hou S. New phenotypic characteristics of three tmm alleles in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:719-731. [PMID: 24553751 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Three new tmm mutants were isolated and showed differential phenotypes from tmm - 1 , and TMM overexpression led to abnormal leaf trichomes. TOO MANY MOUTH (TMM) plays a significant role in the stomatal signal transduction pathway, which involves in the regulation of stomatal distribution and patterning. Three mutants with clustered stomata were isolated and identified as new alleles of tmm. tmm-4 mutation included a base transversion from adenine to thymidine in position 1,033 of the TMM coding region and resulted in premature termination of translation at position 345 of TMM. tmm-5 had a base transition from cytosine to thymidine in 244 of TMM and translated 82 amino acids before premature termination. tmm-6 mutation took a base transition from guanine to adenine in 463 of TMM and changed a glycine (Gly) to an arginine (Arg) in position 155 of the protein. tmm-6 had an evident reduction of stomatal clusters and fewer stomata in cluster compared with other tmm alleles, possibly due to decreased level of entry divisions in cells next to two stomata or their precursors. tmm-5 and tmm-6 were hypersensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) in seedling growth and seed germination, while tmm-4 was defective in response to ABA during seed dormancy, suggesting that TMM was involved in ABA signaling transduction. Interestingly, overexpression of TMM resulted in the reduction of leaf trichomes and their branches, and this might reveal a new function of TMM in trichome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Gansu, China
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261
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Yan L, Cheng X, Jia R, Qin Q, Guan L, Du H, Hou S. New phenotypic characteristics of three tmm alleles in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014. [PMID: 24553751 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1571-1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three new tmm mutants were isolated and showed differential phenotypes from tmm - 1 , and TMM overexpression led to abnormal leaf trichomes. TOO MANY MOUTH (TMM) plays a significant role in the stomatal signal transduction pathway, which involves in the regulation of stomatal distribution and patterning. Three mutants with clustered stomata were isolated and identified as new alleles of tmm. tmm-4 mutation included a base transversion from adenine to thymidine in position 1,033 of the TMM coding region and resulted in premature termination of translation at position 345 of TMM. tmm-5 had a base transition from cytosine to thymidine in 244 of TMM and translated 82 amino acids before premature termination. tmm-6 mutation took a base transition from guanine to adenine in 463 of TMM and changed a glycine (Gly) to an arginine (Arg) in position 155 of the protein. tmm-6 had an evident reduction of stomatal clusters and fewer stomata in cluster compared with other tmm alleles, possibly due to decreased level of entry divisions in cells next to two stomata or their precursors. tmm-5 and tmm-6 were hypersensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) in seedling growth and seed germination, while tmm-4 was defective in response to ABA during seed dormancy, suggesting that TMM was involved in ABA signaling transduction. Interestingly, overexpression of TMM resulted in the reduction of leaf trichomes and their branches, and this might reveal a new function of TMM in trichome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Gansu, China
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Chater CCC, Oliver J, Casson S, Gray JE. Putting the brakes on: abscisic acid as a central environmental regulator of stomatal development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:376-391. [PMID: 24611444 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are produced by a controlled series of epidermal cell divisions. The molecular underpinnings of this process are becoming well understood, but mechanisms that determine plasticity of stomatal patterning to many exogenous and environmental cues remain less clear. Light quantity and quality, vapour pressure deficit, soil water content, and CO2 concentration are detected by the plant, and new leaves adapt their stomatal densities accordingly. Mature leaves detect these environmental signals and relay messages to immature leaves to tell them how to adapt and grow. Stomata on mature leaves may act as stress signal-sensing and transduction centres, locally by aperture adjustment, and at long distance by optimizing stomatal density to maximize future carbon gain while minimizing water loss. Although mechanisms of stomatal aperture responses are well characterized, the pathways by which mature stomata integrate environmental signals to control immature epidermal cell fate, and ultimately stomatal density, are not. Here we evaluate current understanding of the latter through the influence of the former. We argue that mature stomata, as key portals by which plants coordinate their carbon and water relations, are controlled by abscisic acid (ABA), both metabolically and hydraulically, and that ABA is also a core regulator of environmentally determined stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar C C Chater
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - James Oliver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stuart Casson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Julie E Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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263
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León J, Castillo MC, Coego A, Lozano-Juste J, Mir R. Diverse functional interactions between nitric oxide and abscisic acid in plant development and responses to stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:907-21. [PMID: 24371253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The extensive support for abscisic acid (ABA) involvement in the complex regulatory networks controlling stress responses and development in plants contrasts with the relatively recent role assigned to nitric oxide (NO). Because treatment with exogenous ABA leads to enhanced production of NO, it has been widely considered that NO participates downstream of ABA in controlling processes such as stomata movement, seed dormancy, and germination. However, data on leaf senescence and responses to stress suggest that the functional interaction between ABA and NO is more complex than previously thought, including not only cooperation but also antagonism. The functional relationship is probably determined by several factors including the time- and place-dependent pattern of accumulation of both molecules, the threshold levels, and the regulatory factors important for perception. These factors will determine the actions exerted by each regulator. Here, several examples of well-documented functional interactions between NO and ABA are analysed in light of the most recent reported data on seed dormancy and germination, stomata movements, leaf senescence, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Plant Development and Hormone Action, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Spain
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Munné-Bosch S, Müller M. Hormonal cross-talk in plant development and stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:529. [PMID: 24400014 PMCID: PMC3870953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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