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Kwon HJ, Kim JH, Yoo DW, Kim TH, Yoon JH, Kim KH. Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis induced by continuous erythropoietin receptor activator. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 16:101-104. [PMID: 34553012 PMCID: PMC8441105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok-Jin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wha Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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252
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Dogan NO, Bozuyuk U, Erkoc P, Karacakol AC, Cingoz A, Seker-Polat F, Nazeer MA, Sitti M, Bagci-Onder T, Kizilel S. Parameters Influencing Gene Delivery Efficiency of PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles: Experimental and Modeling Approach. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Olcay Dogan
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Koc University Istanbul 34450 Turkey
- Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Ugur Bozuyuk
- Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Pelin Erkoc
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt 60438 Germany
| | - Alp Can Karacakol
- Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Ahmet Cingoz
- School of Medicine Koc University Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | | | | | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
- School of Medicine Koc University Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | | | - Seda Kizilel
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Koc University Istanbul 34450 Turkey
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253
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Kiran P, Khan A, Neekhra S, Pallod S, Srivastava R. Nanohybrids as Protein-Polymer Conjugate Multimodal Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:676025. [PMID: 35047929 PMCID: PMC8757875 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.676025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutic formulations are being widely explored as multifunctional nanotherapeutics. Challenges in ensuring susceptibility and efficacy of nanoformulation still prevail owing to various interactions with biological fluids before reaching the target site. Smart polymers with the capability of masking drugs, ease of chemical modification, and multi-stimuli responsiveness can assist controlled delivery. An active moiety like therapeutic protein has started to be known as an important biological formulation with a diverse medicinal prospect. The delivery of proteins and peptides with high target specificity has however been tedious, due to their tendency to aggregate formation in different environmental conditions. Proteins due to high chemical reactivity and poor bioavailability are being researched widely in the field of nanomedicine. Clinically, multiple nano-based formulations have been explored for delivering protein with different carrier systems. A biocompatible and non-toxic polymer-based delivery system serves to tailor the polymer or drug better. Polymers not only aid delivery to the target site but are also responsible for proper stearic orientation of proteins thus protecting them from internal hindrances. Polymers have been shown to conjugate with proteins through covalent linkage rendering stability and enhancing therapeutic efficacy prominently when dealing with the systemic route. Here, we present the recent developments in polymer-protein/drug-linked systems. We aim to address questions by assessing the properties of the conjugate system and optimized delivery approaches. Since thorough characterization is the key aspect for technology to enter into the market, correlating laboratory research with commercially available formulations will also be presented in this review. By examining characteristics including morphology, surface properties, and functionalization, we will expand different hybrid applications from a biomaterial stance applied in in vivo complex biological conditions. Further, we explore understanding related to design criteria and strategies for polymer-protein smart nanomedicines with their potential prophylactic theranostic applications. Overall, we intend to highlight protein-drug delivery through multifunctional smart polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amreen Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suditi Neekhra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Pallod
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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254
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Phakousonh D, Wang Y, Schlicht S, Wiskirchen S, Bos T, Ren L, Chen J, Hua X, Lee J, Krishnan S, Suresh KS, Jaisankar A, Ramalingam M, Zhang W. Design and Stability Improvement of Pectin-Based Red Blood Cell-Mimicking Microcapsules for Oxygen Therapeutics. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1798-1805. [PMID: 34688324 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A pectin-oligochitosan microcapsule system has recently been developed for novel oxygen therapeutic design. To improve the stability of the pectin-oligochitosan microcapsules in physiological conditions, both covalent (glutaraldehyde) and noncovalent (Mn2+ and Ca2+) cross-linkers were tested. The chemistry and morphology of the microcapsules were studied using FTIR and SEM, respectively. Results showed that glutaraldehyde is an effective cross-linker, even at low concentrations and short incubation times, and the glutaraldehyde cross-linking does not negatively impact the morphology of the microcapsules. Moreover, it was confirmed that the hemoglobin could be retained within the microcapsules with a minimal release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Phakousonh
- BioMolecular Engineering Program, Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
| | - Yale Wang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Sabrina Schlicht
- BioMolecular Engineering Program, Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
| | - Sam Wiskirchen
- BioMolecular Engineering Program, Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
| | - Trevor Bos
- BioMolecular Engineering Program, Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Xiaolin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jung Lee
- BioMolecular Engineering Program, Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, TamilNadu, India
| | - K Shoma Suresh
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, TamilNadu, India
| | - Abinaya Jaisankar
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, TamilNadu, India
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, TamilNadu, India
| | - Wujie Zhang
- BioMolecular Engineering Program, Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
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255
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Pilkington EH, Suys EJA, Trevaskis NL, Wheatley AK, Zukancic D, Algarni A, Al-Wassiti H, Davis TP, Pouton CW, Kent SJ, Truong NP. From influenza to COVID-19: Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines at the frontiers of infectious diseases. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:16-40. [PMID: 34153512 PMCID: PMC8272596 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination represents the best line of defense against infectious diseases and is crucial in curtailing pandemic spread of emerging pathogens to which a population has limited immunity. In recent years, mRNA vaccines have been proposed as the new frontier in vaccination, owing to their facile and rapid development while providing a safer alternative to traditional vaccine technologies such as live or attenuated viruses. Recent breakthroughs in mRNA vaccination have been through formulation with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which provide both protection and enhanced delivery of mRNA vaccines in vivo. In this review, current paradigms and state-of-the-art in mRNA-LNP vaccine development are explored through first highlighting advantages posed by mRNA vaccines, establishing LNPs as a biocompatible delivery system, and finally exploring the use of mRNA-LNP vaccines in vivo against infectious disease towards translation to the clinic. Furthermore, we highlight the progress of mRNA-LNP vaccine candidates against COVID-19 currently in clinical trials, with the current status and approval timelines, before discussing their future outlook and challenges that need to be overcome towards establishing mRNA-LNPs as next-generation vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: With the recent success of mRNA vaccines developed by Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer against COVID-19, mRNA technology and lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have never received more attention. This manuscript timely reviews the most advanced mRNA-LNP vaccines that have just been approved for emergency use and are in clinical trials, with a focus on the remarkable development of several COVID-19 vaccines, faster than any other vaccine in history. We aim to give a comprehensive introduction of mRNA and LNP technology to the field of biomaterials science and increase accessibility to readers with a new interest in mRNA-LNP vaccines. We also highlight current limitations and future outlook of the mRNA vaccine technology that need further efforts of biomaterials scientists to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Pilkington
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Estelle J A Suys
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Danijela Zukancic
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Azizah Algarni
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hareth Al-Wassiti
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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256
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Silver-coated magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient delivery system for the antibiotics trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against E. Coli and S. aureus: release kinetics and antimicrobial activity. Biometals 2021; 34:1237-1246. [PMID: 34420194 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are prescribed for a broad spectrum of bacteria. However, the use of these medicines is restricted due to the risk of microbial resistance in the body. Nanotechnology is a strategy for overcoming this problem by helping develop novel drug delivery systems. This study aims to assess the ability of Fe3O4/Ag and Fe3O4@SiO2/Ag nanoparticles to improve efficiency of the traditional formulation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Fe3O4/Ag and Fe3O4@SiO2/Ag were found to have sphere-like morphologies with average sizes of 33.2 and 35.1 nm, respectively. The values of the zeta potential for the pure sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were -30.6 and -10.0 mV, respectively, which increased to zero or even larger positive values after being conjugated with the NPs. The study of the release kinetics showed that 64.7% of the medicines were released from the carriers within 40 days. The values of MIC for sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, Fe3O4/Ag/sulfamethoxazole, Fe3O4/Ag/trimethoprim, Fe3O4@SiO2/Ag/sulfamethoxazole, and Fe3O4@SiO2/Ag/trimethoprim against Escherichia coli were calculated to be 12, 9, 4, 4, 4, and 4 μg/mL, respectively. Besides, the relevant values against Staphylococcus aureus were measured to be 12, 9, 4, 4, 3, and 2 μg/mL, respectively. The use of synthesized nanomaterials for the delivery of these antibiotics leads to smaller doses compared to their traditional forms.
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257
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Cui Z, Luo Q, Bannon MS, Gray VP, Bloom TG, Clore MF, Hughes MA, Crawford MA, Letteri RA. Molecular engineering of antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-polymer conjugates. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5069-5091. [PMID: 34096936 PMCID: PMC8493962 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance becomes an increasing threat, bringing significant economic and health burdens, innovative antimicrobial treatments are urgently needed. While antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutics, exhibiting high activity against resistant bacterial strains, limited stability and toxicity to mammalian cells has hindered clinical development. Attaching AMPs to polymers provides opportunities to present AMPs in a way that maximizes bacterial killing while enhancing compatibility with mammalian cells, stability, and solubility. Conjugation of an AMP to a linear hydrophilic polymer yields the desired improvements in stability, mammalian cell compatibility, and solubility, yet often markedly reduces bactericidal effects. Non-linear polymer architectures and supramolecular assemblies that accommodate multiple AMPs per polymer chain afford AMP-polymer conjugates that strike a superior balance of antimicrobial activity, mammalian cell compatibility, stability, and solubility. Therefore, we review the design criteria, building blocks, and synthetic strategies for engineering AMP-polymer conjugates, emphasizing the connection between molecular architecture and antimicrobial performance to inspire and enable further innovation to advance this emerging class of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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258
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Korpusik AB, Tan Y, Garrison JB, Tan W, Sumerlin BS. Aptamer-Conjugated Micelles for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Via Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angie B. Korpusik
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yan Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - John B. Garrison
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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259
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Abd Elkodous M, Olojede SO, Morsi M, El-Sayyad GS. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems as promising carriers for patients with COVID-19. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26463-26480. [PMID: 35480012 PMCID: PMC9037715 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Once the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak to be pandemic, massive efforts have been launched by researchers around the globe to combat this emerging infectious disease. Here we review the most recent data on the novel SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. We analyzed its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and current medications. After that, we summarized the promising drug delivery application of nanomaterial-based systems. Their preparation routes, unique advantages over the traditional drug delivery routes and their toxicity though risk analysis were also covered. We also discussed in detail the mechanism of action for one example of drug-loaded nanomaterial drug delivery systems (Avigan-contained nano-emulsions). This review provides insights about employing nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of COVID-19 to increase the bioavailability of current drugs, reducing their toxicity, and to increase their efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan
- Center for Nanotechnology (CNT), School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University Sheikh Zayed Giza 16453 Egypt
| | - S O Olojede
- Nanotechnology Platforms, Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Morsi
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Menoufia Shebin El Kom Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC) Egyptian Armed Forces Cairo Egypt
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260
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Shi Y, Lu A, Wang X, Belhadj Z, Wang J, Zhang Q. A review of existing strategies for designing long-acting parenteral formulations: Focus on underlying mechanisms, and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2396-2415. [PMID: 34522592 PMCID: PMC8424287 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for long-term treatments of chronic diseases has motivated the widespread development of long-acting parenteral formulations (LAPFs) with the aim of improving drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. LAPFs have been proven to extend the half-life of therapeutics, as well as to improve patient adherence; consequently, this enhances the outcome of therapy positively. Over past decades, considerable progress has been made in designing effective LAPFs in both preclinical and clinical settings. Here we review the latest advances of LAPFs in preclinical and clinical stages, focusing on the strategies and underlying mechanisms for achieving long acting. Existing strategies are classified into manipulation of in vivo clearance and manipulation of drug release from delivery systems, respectively. And the current challenges and prospects of each strategy are discussed. In addition, we also briefly discuss the design principles of LAPFs and provide future perspectives of the rational design of more effective LAPFs for their further clinical translation.
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Key Words
- 2′-F, 2′-fluoro
- 2′-O-MOE, 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)
- 2′-OMe, 2′-O-methyl
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ART, antiretroviral therapy
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotide
- Biomimetic strategies
- Chemical modification
- DDS, drug delivery systems
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ENA, ethylene-bridged nucleic acid
- ESC, enhanced stabilization chemistry
- EVA, ethylene vinyl acetate
- Fc/HSA fusion
- FcRn, Fc receptor
- GLP-1, glucagon like peptide-1
- GS, glycine–serine
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HES, hydroxy-ethyl-starch
- HP, hypoparathyroidism
- HSA, human serum albumin
- Hydrogels
- ISFI, in situ forming implants
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Implantable systems
- LAFs, long-acting formulations
- LAPFs, long-acting parenteral formulations
- LNA, locked nucleic acid
- Long-acting
- MNs, microneedles
- Microneedles
- NDS, nanochannel delivery system
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanocrystal suspensions
- OA, osteoarthritis
- PCPP-SA, poly(1,3-bis(carboxyphenoxy)propane-co-sebacic-acid)
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PM, platelet membrane
- PMPC, poly(2-methyacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)
- PNAs, peptide nucleic acids
- PS, phase separation
- PSA, polysialic acid
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- PVA, polyvinyl alcohol
- RBCs, red blood cells
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SAR, structure‒activity relationship
- SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency
- SE, solvent extraction
- STC, standard template chemistry
- TNFR2, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
- hGH, human growth hormone
- im, intramuscular
- iv, intravenous
- mPEG, methoxypolyethylene glycol
- sc, subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - An Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zakia Belhadj
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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261
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Pires IS, Hammond PT, Irvine DJ. Engineering Strategies for Immunomodulatory Cytokine Therapies - Challenges and Clinical Progress. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100035. [PMID: 34734110 PMCID: PMC8562465 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are immunoregulatory proteins involved in many pathological states with promising potential as therapeutic agents. A diverse array of cytokines have been studied in preclinical disease models since the 1950s, some of which became successful biopharmaceutical products with the advancement of recombinant protein technology in the 1980s. However, following these early approvals, clinical translation of these natural immune signaling molecules has been limited due to their pleiotropic action in many cell types, and the fact that they have evolved to act primarily locally in tissues. These characteristics, combined with poor pharmacokinetics, have hindered the delivery of cytokines via systemic administration routes due to dose-limiting toxicities. However, given their clinical potential and recent clinical successes in cancer immunotherapy, cytokines continue to be extensively pursued in preclinical and clinical studies, and a range of molecular and formulation engineering strategies are being applied to reduce treatment toxicity while maintaining or enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a brief background on the characteristics of cytokines and their history as clinical therapeutics, followed by a deeper discussion on the engineering strategies developed for cytokine therapies with a focus on the translational relevance of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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262
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Brenner JS, Mitragotri S, Muzykantov VR. Red Blood Cell Hitchhiking: A Novel Approach for Vascular Delivery of Nanocarriers. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 23:225-248. [PMID: 33788581 PMCID: PMC8277719 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-121219-024239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) hitchhiking is a method of drug delivery that can increase drug concentration in target organs by orders of magnitude. In RBC hitchhiking, drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) are adsorbed onto red blood cells and then injected intravascularly, which causes the NPs to transfer to cells of the capillaries in the downstream organ. RBC hitchhiking has been demonstrated in multiple species and multiple organs. For example, RBC-hitchhiking NPs localized at unprecedented levels in the brain when using intra-arterial catheters, such as those in place immediately after mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. RBC hitchhiking has been successfully employed in numerous preclinical models of disease, ranging from pulmonary embolism to cancer metastasis. In addition to summarizing the versatility of RBC hitchhiking, we also describe studies into the surprisingly complex mechanisms of RBC hitchhiking as well as outline future studies to further improve RBC hitchhiking's clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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263
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AbdElhamid AS, Zayed DG, Heikal L, Khattab SN, Mady OY, El-Gizawy SA, Elzoghby AO. Recent advances in polymer shell oily-core nanocapsules for drug-delivery applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1613-1625. [PMID: 34189946 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocapsules are vesicular drug-delivery systems composed of an inner oily reservoir surrounded by polymeric membranes. Nanocapsules have various advantages over other nanovesicular systems such as providing controlled drug release properties. We discuss the recent advances in polymeric shell oily-core nanocapsules, illustrating the different types of polymers used and their implementation. Nanocapsules can be utilized for many purposes, especially encapsulation of highly lipophilic drugs. They have been shown to have variable applications, especially in cancer therapy, due to the ability of the polymeric shell to direct the loaded drugs to their target sites, as well as their high internalization efficacy. Those productive applications guaranteed their high potential as drug-delivery systems. However, their clinical development is still in an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S AbdElhamid
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina G Zayed
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamia Heikal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Omar Y Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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264
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Haider MS, Ahmad T, Yang M, Hu C, Hahn L, Stahlhut P, Groll J, Luxenhofer R. Tuning the Thermogelation and Rheology of Poly(2-Oxazoline)/Poly(2-Oxazine)s Based Thermosensitive Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting. Gels 2021; 7:78. [PMID: 34202652 PMCID: PMC8293086 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As one kind of "smart" material, thermogelling polymers find applications in biofabrication, drug delivery and regenerative medicine. In this work, we report a thermosensitive poly(2-oxazoline)/poly(2-oxazine) based diblock copolymer comprising thermosensitive/moderately hydrophobic poly(2-N-propyl-2-oxazine) (pPrOzi) and thermosensitive/moderately hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (pEtOx). Hydrogels were only formed when block length exceeded certain length (≈100 repeat units). The tube inversion and rheological tests showed that the material has then a reversible sol-gel transition above 25 wt.% concentration. Rheological tests further revealed a gel strength around 3 kPa, high shear thinning property and rapid shear recovery after stress, which are highly desirable properties for extrusion based three-dimensional (3D) (bio) printing. Attributed to the rheology profile, well resolved printability and high stackability (with added laponite) was also possible. (Cryo) scanning electron microscopy exhibited a highly porous, interconnected, 3D network. The sol-state at lower temperatures (in ice bath) facilitated the homogeneous distribution of (fluorescently labelled) human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) in the hydrogel matrix. Post-printing live/dead assays revealed that the hADSCs encapsulated within the hydrogel remained viable (≈97%). This thermoreversible and (bio) printable hydrogel demonstrated promising properties for use in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Salman Haider
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (T.A.); (P.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Mengshi Yang
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Chen Hu
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Lukas Hahn
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (T.A.); (P.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (T.A.); (P.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
- Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, PB 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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265
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Al-Amili M, Jin Z, Wang Z, Guo S. Self-Assembled Micelles of Amphiphilic PEGylated Drugs for Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:870-881. [PMID: 33390113 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666201231130702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Generally, poor solubility and imprecise delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs can compromise their efficacies for clinical cancer treatment. In order to address such concerns, poor water-soluble drugs are conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to obtain PEGylated drugs, which have improved water solubility and can also self-assemble in an aqueous solution to form micelles (PEGylated drug micelles). The surface PEG layer enhances the micelles' colloidal stability and reduces the interaction with physiological surroundings. Meanwhile, PEGylated drug micelles are tumor- targeting via the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect to improve antitumor efficacy in comparison with free drugs. PEGylated drug micelles employ drugs as parts of the carrier medium, which increases the micelles' drug loading capacity relatively. The development of stimuli- responsive PEGylated drug micelles facilitates the drug release to be smart and controllable. Moreover, the PEGylated drug micelles show great potentials in overcoming the challenges of cancer therapy, such as multidrug resistance (MDR), angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and so on. In this review, we highlight the research progresses of PEGylated drug micelles, including the structures and properties, smart stimuli-responsive PEGylated drug micelles, and the challenges that have been overcome by PEGylated drug micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Al-Amili
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhu Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shengrong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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266
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Huang J, Yuen D, Mintern JD, Johnston APR. Opportunities for innovation: Building on the success of lipid nanoparticle vaccines. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 55:101468. [PMID: 34093062 PMCID: PMC8164502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of messenger RNA (mRNA) have demonstrated high efficacy as vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The success of these nanoformulations underscores the potential of LNPs as a delivery system for next-generation biological therapies. In this article, we highlight the key considerations necessary for engineering LNPs as a vaccine delivery system and explore areas for further optimisation. There remain opportunities to improve the protection of mRNA, optimise cytosolic delivery, target specific cells, minimise adverse side-effects and control the release of RNA from the particle. The modular nature of LNP formulations and the flexibility of mRNA as a payload provide many pathways to implement these strategies. Innovation in LNP vaccines is likely to accelerate with increased enthusiasm following recent successes; however, any advances will have implications for a broad range of therapeutic applications beyond vaccination such as gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Huang
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel Yuen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
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267
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Yoshinaga N, Naito M, Tachihara Y, Boonstra E, Osada K, Cabral H, Uchida S. PEGylation of mRNA by Hybridization of Complementary PEG-RNA Oligonucleotides Stabilizes mRNA without Using Cationic Materials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:800. [PMID: 34071840 PMCID: PMC8227728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery strategies are required to protect biologically fragile mRNA from ribonuclease (RNase) attacks to achieve efficient therapeutic protein expression. To tackle this issue, most mRNA delivery systems have used cationic components, which form electrostatically driven complexes with mRNA and shield encapsulated mRNA strands. However, cationic materials interact with anionic biomacromolecules in physiological environments, which leads to unspecific reactions and toxicities. To circumvent this issue of cation-based approaches, herein, we propose a cation-free delivery strategy by hybridization of PEGylated RNA oligonucleotides with mRNA. The PEG strands on the mRNA sterically and electrostatically shielded the mRNA, improving mRNA nuclease stability 15-fold after serum incubation compared with unhybridized mRNA. Eventually, the PEGylated mRNA induced nearly 20-fold higher efficiency of reporter protein expression than unhybridized mRNA in cultured cells. This study provides a platform to establish a safe and efficient cation-free mRNA delivery system.
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Grants
- 20H04524 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
- 18K03529 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
- JP18K19901 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
- JP18ae0201009 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiro Tachihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Eger Boonstra
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Kensuke Osada
- National Institute of Radiological Science, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 236-8555, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Inamori Memorial Building, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
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268
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Development of Polymer-Assisted Nanoparticles and Nanogels for Cancer Therapy: An Update. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020060. [PMID: 34067587 PMCID: PMC8162331 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With cancer remaining as one of the main causes of deaths worldwide, many studies are undergoing the effort to look for a novel and potent anticancer drug. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the rising fields in research for anticancer drug development. One of the key advantages of using NPs for cancer therapy is its high flexibility for modification, hence additional properties can be added to the NPs in order to improve its anticancer action. Polymer has attracted considerable attention to be used as a material to enhance the bioactivity of the NPs. Nanogels, which are NPs cross-linked with hydrophilic polymer network have also exhibited benefits in anticancer application. The characteristics of these nanomaterials include non-toxic, environment-friendly, and variable physiochemical properties. Some other unique properties of polymers are also attributed by diverse methods of polymer synthesis. This then contributes to the unique properties of the nanodrugs. This review article provides an in-depth update on the development of polymer-assisted NPs and nanogels for cancer therapy. Topics such as the synthesis, usage, and properties of the nanomaterials are discussed along with their mechanisms and functions in anticancer application. The advantages and limitations are also discussed in this article.
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269
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Trac N, Chung EJ. Overcoming physiological barriers by nanoparticles for intravenous drug delivery to the lymph nodes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2358-2371. [PMID: 33957802 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211010762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymph nodes are major sites of cancer metastasis and immune activity, and thus represent important clinical targets. Although not as well-studied compared to subcutaneous administration, intravenous drug delivery is advantageous for lymph node delivery as it is commonly practiced in the clinic and has the potential to deliver therapeutics systemically to all lymph nodes. However, rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system, tight junctions of the blood vascular endothelium, and the collagenous matrix of the interstitium can limit the efficiency of lymph node drug delivery, which has prompted research into the design of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. In this mini review, we describe the physiological and biological barriers to lymph node targeting, how they inform nanoparticle design, and discuss the future outlook of lymph node targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Trac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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270
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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271
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The Physicochemical and Antifungal Properties of Eco-friendly Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Psidium guajava Leaf Extract in the Comparison With Tamarindus indica. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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272
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Sincari V, Petrova SL, Konefał R, Hruby M, Jäger E. Microwave-assisted RAFT polymerization of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide and its relevant copolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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273
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Mutingwende FP, Kondiah PPD, Ubanako P, Marimuthu T, Choonara YE. Advances in Nano-Enabled Platforms for the Treatment of Depression. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091431. [PMID: 33946703 PMCID: PMC8124207 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has aided in the advancement of drug delivery for the treatment of several neurological disorders including depression. Depression is a relatively common mental disorder which is characterized by a severe imbalance of neurotransmitters. Several current therapeutic regimens against depression display drawbacks which include low bioavailability, delayed therapeutic outcome, undesirable side effects and drug toxicity due to high doses. The blood–brain barrier limits the entry of the drugs into the brain matrix, resulting in low bioavailability and tissue damage due to drug accumulation. Due to their size and physico-chemical properties, nanotechnological drug delivery systems present a promising strategy to enhance the delivery of nanomedicines into the brain matrix, thereby improving bioavailability and limiting toxicity. Furthermore, ligand-complexed nanocarriers can improve drug specificity and antidepressant efficacy and reduce drug toxicity. Biopolymers and nanocarriers can also be employed to enhance controlled drug release and reduce the hepatic first-pass effect, hence reducing the dosing frequency. This manuscript reviews recent advances in different biopolymers, such as polysaccharides and other nanocarriers, for targeted antidepressant drug delivery to the brain. It probes nano-based strategies that can be employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants through the oral, intranasal, and parenteral routes of administration.
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274
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Gagliardi M, Ashizawa AT. The Challenges and Strategies of Antisense Oligonucleotide Drug Delivery. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040433. [PMID: 33923688 PMCID: PMC8072990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are used to selectively inhibit the translation of disease-associated genes via Ribonuclease H (RNaseH)-mediated cleavage or steric hindrance. They are being developed as a novel and promising class of drugs targeting a wide range of diseases. Despite the great potential and numerous ASO drugs in preclinical research and clinical trials, there are many limitations to this technology. In this review we will focus on the challenges of ASO delivery and the strategies adopted to improve their stability in the bloodstream, delivery to target sites, and cellular uptake. Focusing on liposomal delivery, we will specifically describe liposome-incorporated growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (Grb2) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide BP1001. BP1001 is unique because it is uncharged and is essentially non-toxic, as demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, its enhanced biodistribution makes it an attractive therapeutic modality for hematologic malignancies as well as solid tumors. A detailed understanding of the obstacles that ASOs face prior to reaching their targets and continued advances in methods to overcome them will allow us to harness ASOs’ full potential in precision medicine.
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275
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Gierej A, Geernaert T, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Thienpont H, Berghmans F. Challenges in the Fabrication of Biodegradable and Implantable Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081972. [PMID: 33920842 PMCID: PMC8071099 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The limited penetration depth of visible light in biological tissues has encouraged researchers to develop novel implantable light-guiding devices. Optical fibers and waveguides that are made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials offer a straightforward but effective approach to overcome this issue. In the last decade, various optically transparent biomaterials, as well as different fabrication techniques, have been investigated for this purpose, and in view of obtaining fully fledged optical fibers. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of biocompatible and biodegradable optical fibers. Whilst several reviews that focus on the chemical properties of the biomaterials from which these optical waveguides can be made have been published, a systematic review about the actual optical fibers made from these materials and the different fabrication processes is not available yet. This prompted us to investigate the essential properties of these biomaterials, in view of fabricating optical fibers, and in particular to look into the issues related to fabrication techniques, and also to discuss the challenges in the use and operation of these optical fibers. We close our review with a summary and an outline of the applications that may benefit from these novel optical waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gierej
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.G.); (S.V.V.); (H.T.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Geernaert
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.G.); (S.V.V.); (H.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.G.); (S.V.V.); (H.T.); (F.B.)
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.G.); (S.V.V.); (H.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Francis Berghmans
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.G.); (S.V.V.); (H.T.); (F.B.)
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276
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Zielińska A, Szalata M, Gorczyński A, Karczewski J, Eder P, Severino P, Cabeda JM, Souto EB, Słomski R. Cancer Nanopharmaceuticals: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro/In Vivo Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1896. [PMID: 33920840 PMCID: PMC8071188 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and biopharmaceutical characterization tools play a key role in the assessment of nanopharmaceuticals' potential imaging analysis and for site-specific delivery of anti-cancers to neoplastic cells/tissues. If diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches are combined in one single nanoparticle, a new platform called nanotheragnostics is generated. Several analytical technologies allow us to characterize nanopharmaceuticals and nanoparticles and their properties so that they can be properly used in cancer therapy. This paper describes the role of multifunctional nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis and treatment, describing how nanotheragnostics can be useful in modern chemotherapy, and finally, the challenges associated with the commercialization of nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Echnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marlena Szalata
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jacek Karczewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women & Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
| | - José M. Cabeda
- ESS-FP, Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Rua Delfim Maia 334, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal;
- FP-ENAS-Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Echnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (R.S.)
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277
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Huang R, Luther DC, Zhang X, Gupta A, Tufts SA, Rotello VM. Engineering the Interface between Inorganic Nanoparticles and Biological Systems through Ligand Design. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1001. [PMID: 33924735 PMCID: PMC8069843 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) provide multipurpose platforms for a wide range of biological applications. These applications are enabled through molecular design of surface coverages, modulating NP interactions with biosystems. In this review, we highlight approaches to functionalize nanoparticles with "small" organic ligands (Mw < 1000), providing insight into how organic synthesis can be used to engineer NPs for nanobiology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (R.H.); (D.C.L.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (S.A.T.)
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278
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Finnegan JR, Pilkington EH, Alt K, Rahim MA, Kent SJ, Davis TP, Kempe K. Stealth nanorods via the aqueous living crystallisation-driven self-assembly of poly(2-oxazoline)s. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7350-7360. [PMID: 34163824 PMCID: PMC8171341 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of nanomaterials critically influences their biological interactions. However, there is currently a lack of robust methods for preparing non-spherical particles from biocompatible materials. Here, we combine 'living' crystallisation-driven self-assembly (CDSA), a seeded growth method that enables the preparation of rod-like polymer nanoparticles, with poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx), a polymer class that exhibits 'stealth' behaviour and excellent biocompatibility. For the first time, the 'living' CDSA process was carried out in pure water, resulting in POx nanorods with lengths ranging from ∼60 to 635 nm. In vitro and in vivo study revealed low immune cell association and encouraging blood circulation times, but little difference in the behaviour of POx nanorods of different length. The stealth behaviour observed highlights the promising potential of POx nanorods as a next generation stealth drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Finnegan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Emily H Pilkington
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Karen Alt
- NanoTheranostics Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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279
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Whitehead M, Osborne A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Martin K. Humoral immune responses to AAV gene therapy in the ocular compartment. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1616-1644. [PMID: 33837614 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral vectors can be utilised to deliver therapeutic genes to diseased cells. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a commonly used viral vector that is favoured for its ability to infect a wide range of tissues whilst displaying limited toxicity and immunogenicity. Most humans harbour anti-AAV neutralising antibodies (NAbs) due to subclinical infections by wild-type virus during infancy and these pre-existing NAbs can limit the efficiency of gene transfer depending on the target cell type, route of administration and choice of serotype. Vector administration can also result in de novo NAb synthesis that could limit the opportunity for repeated gene transfer to diseased sites. A number of strategies have been described in preclinical models that could circumvent NAb responses in humans, however, the successful translation of these innovations into the clinical arena has been limited. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the humoral immune response to AAV gene therapy in the ocular compartment. We cover basic AAV biology and clinical application, the role of pre-existing and induced NAbs, and possible approaches to overcoming antibody responses. We conclude with a framework for a comprehensive strategy for circumventing humoral immune responses to AAV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Whitehead
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andrew Osborne
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, U.K
| | - Keith Martin
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.,Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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280
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Xantus GZ, Burke D, Kanizsai P. How to best handle vaccine decliners: scientific facts and psychological approach. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:626-632. [PMID: 33837130 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-139835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no curative drug therapy for COVID-19. The spread of the virus seems relentless despite the unprecedented epidemiological measures. Prevention remains the only feasible option to stop the pandemic; without population-level vaccination, we are unlikely to regain the quality of social life and the unrestricted economy/commerce we enjoyed before. Anti-vaxxers and conspiracy theorists are seemingly oblivious to the detrimental effect of COVID-19 both at an individual and societal level. These groups have (and probably will) continue to attempt to undermine efforts to eradicate the virus despite the fact that the major reduction in morbidity/and mortality of infectious diseases of the past century was achieved through the development of vaccines and improved hygiene. Conspiracy theories are directly associated with reduced vaccine uptake and unfortunately neither anti-vaxxers nor vaccine hesitants cannot be persuaded (debunked) with logical arguments; hence, prescribers must not only be aware of the truth underlying the dense web of misinformation but must fully understand the psychological aspects as well to be able to efficiently counsel about the potential benefits and harms. Such knowledge is pivotal to help the lay public to make informed decisions about SARS CoV-2 in general and vaccination in particular; as the COVID-19 situation can probably be best controlled with mass inoculation and novel immune therapies. The lessons learnt regarding the importance of efficient communication and the adherence to the proven epidemiological measures hopefully would be leaving us better prepared for the future if challenged by novel communicable diseases of pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Burke
- Research Department, University of Gibraltar - Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Peter Kanizsai
- Emergency Department, Pecsi Tudomanyegyetem, Pecs, Hungary
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281
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Thi TTH, Suys EJA, Lee JS, Nguyen DH, Park KD, Truong NP. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles in the Clinic and Clinical Trials: From Cancer Nanomedicine to COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:359. [PMID: 33918072 PMCID: PMC8069344 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been developed with unprecedented speed which would not have been possible without decades of fundamental research on delivery nanotechnology. Lipid-based nanoparticles have played a pivotal role in the successes of COVID-19 vaccines and many other nanomedicines, such as Doxil® and Onpattro®, and have therefore been considered as the frontrunner in nanoscale drug delivery systems. In this review, we aim to highlight the progress in the development of these lipid nanoparticles for various applications, ranging from cancer nanomedicines to COVID-19 vaccines. The lipid-based nanoparticles discussed in this review are liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. We particularly focus on the innovations that have obtained regulatory approval or that are in clinical trials. We also discuss the physicochemical properties required for specific applications, highlight the differences in requirements for the delivery of different cargos, and introduce current challenges that need further development. This review serves as a useful guideline for designing new lipid nanoparticles for both preventative and therapeutic vaccines including immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Thanh Hoang Thi
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Estelle J. A. Suys
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, Malone Engineering Center 402A, Yale University, 55 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - Dai Hai Nguyen
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 TL29 District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
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282
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Advances in nano-biomaterials and their applications in biomedicine. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:169-176. [PMID: 33825835 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has received considerable attention and interest over the past few decades in the field of biomedicine due to the wide range of applications it provides in disease diagnosis, drug design and delivery, biomolecules detection, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Ultra-small size and large surface area of nanomaterials prove to be greatly advantageous for their biomedical applications. Moreover, the physico-chemical and thus, the biological properties of nanomaterials can be manipulated depending on the application. However, stability, efficacy and toxicity of nanoparticles remain challenge for researchers working in this area. This mini-review highlights the recent advances of various types of nanoparticles in biomedicine and will be of great value to researchers in the field of materials science, chemistry, biology and medicine.
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283
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Li X, Zhao X, Lv R, Hao L, Huo F, Yao X. Polymeric Nanoreactors as Emerging Nanoplatforms for Cancer Precise Nanomedicine. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000424. [PMID: 33811465 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
How to precisely detect and effectively cure cancer which is defined as precise nanomedicine has drawn great attention worldwide. Polymeric nanoreactors which can in situ catalyze inert species into activated ones, can greatly increase imaging quality and enhance therapeutic effects along with decreased background interference and reduced serious side effects. After a brief introduction, the design and preparation of polymeric nanoreactors are discussed from the following aspects, that is, solvent-switch, pH-tuning, film rehydration, hard template, electrostatic interaction, and polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Subsequently, the biomedical applications of these nanoreactors in the fields of cancer imaging, cancer therapy, and cancer theranostics are highlighted. The last but not least, conclusions and future perspectives about polymeric nanoreactors are given. It is believed that polymeric nanoreactors can bring a great opportunity for future fabrication and clinical translation of precise nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Runkai Lv
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Linhui Hao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xikuang Yao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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284
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Janjua TI, Rewatkar P, Ahmed-Cox A, Saeed I, Mansfeld FM, Kulshreshtha R, Kumeria T, Ziegler DS, Kavallaris M, Mazzieri R, Popat A. Frontiers in the treatment of glioblastoma: Past, present and emerging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:108-138. [PMID: 33486006 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers of the brain. Despite extensive research over the last several decades, the survival rates for GBM have not improved and prognosis remains poor. To date, only a few therapies are approved for the treatment of GBM with the main reasons being: 1) significant tumour heterogeneity which promotes the selection of resistant subpopulations 2) GBM induced immunosuppression and 3) fortified location of the tumour in the brain which hinders the delivery of therapeutics. Existing therapies for GBM such as radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy have been unable to reach the clinical efficacy necessary to prolong patient survival more than a few months. This comprehensive review evaluates the current and emerging therapies including those in clinical trials that may potentially improve both targeted delivery of therapeutics directly to the tumour site and the development of agents that may specifically target GBM. Particular focus has also been given to emerging delivery technologies such as focused ultrasound, cellular delivery systems nanomedicines and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the importance of developing novel materials for improved delivery efficacy of nanoparticles and therapeutics to reduce the suffering of GBM patients.
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285
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D'Souza A, Dave KM, Stetler RA, S. Manickam D. Targeting the blood-brain barrier for the delivery of stroke therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:332-351. [PMID: 33497734 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A variety of neuroprotectants have shown promise in treating ischemic stroke, yet their delivery to the brain remains a challenge. The endothelial cells lining the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are emerging as a dynamic factor in the response to neurological injury and disease, and the endothelial-neuronal matrix coupling is fundamentally neuroprotective. In this review, we discuss approaches that target the endothelium for drug delivery both across the BBB and to the BBB as a viable strategy to facilitate neuroprotective effects, using the example of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We highlight the advances in cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) used for CNS targeting and drug delivery. We also discuss the potential of engineered EVs as a potent strategy to deliver BDNF or other drug candidates to the ischemic brain, particularly when coupled with internal components like mitochondria that may increase cellular energetics in injured endothelial cells.
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286
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Cell-bound nanoparticles for tissue targeting and immunotherapy: Engineering of the particle–membrane interface. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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287
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Freire Haddad H, Burke JA, Scott EA, Ameer GA. Clinical Relevance of Pre-Existing and Treatment-Induced Anti-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Antibodies. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 8:32-42. [PMID: 33786367 PMCID: PMC7993857 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a nontoxic, hydrophilic polymer that is often covalently attached to proteins, drugs, tissues, or materials; a procedure commonly referred to as PEGylation. PEGylation improves solubility, circulation time, and reduces immunogenicity of therapeutic molecules. Currently, there are 21 PEGylated drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and more in the developmental stage. In addition to the polymer's applications in the clinic, PEG is widely used as a solvent and emulsifying agent in the formulation of cosmetics, cleaning, and personal care products. Due to the ubiquitous presence of the polymer in everyday products, patients can develop antibodies against PEG (αPEG Abs) that can be problematic when a PEGylated drug is administered. These αPEG Abs can provoke hypersensitivity reactions, accelerated drug clearance, and decreased therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we review how the prevalence of PEG in everyday products has induced αPEG Abs within the general public as well as the effect of these Abs on the performance of PEGylated therapeutics. We will focus on clinical manifestations following the administration of PEGylated drugs. Lay Summary Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a polymer found in products including cosmetics, personal care products, cleaning agents, medicine, and food. Due to the prevalence of PEG, people can develop antibodies (αPEG Abs) against the polymer, which recognize PEG as foreign. Of note, PEG is frequently incorporated into drug formulations to improve therapeutic efficacy. Complications can arise when a patient receiving a PEGylated drug has previously developed αPEG Abs from interactions with PEG in everyday products. The presence of high concentrations of αPEG Abs in blood can result in decreased treatment efficacy and allergic reactions to a wide range of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Freire Haddad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road 2145 Sheridan Rd. E310, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E311, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Jacqueline A. Burke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road 2145 Sheridan Rd. E310, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E311, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road 2145 Sheridan Rd. E310, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E311, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2179 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair Street, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 1200, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road 2145 Sheridan Rd. E310, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E311, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2179 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2320, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, K111, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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288
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Nanoformulations for Delivery of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Anticancer Therapies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061764. [PMID: 33801096 PMCID: PMC8004206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for safe and effective anticancer therapies is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. The ineffective treatment of cancers, classified as civilization diseases, contributes to a decreased quality of life, health loss, and premature mortality in oncological patients. Many natural phytochemicals have anticancer potential. Pentacyclic triterpenoids, characterized by six- and five-membered ring structures, are one of the largest class of natural metabolites sourced from the plant kingdom. Among the known natural triterpenoids, we can distinguish lupane-, oleanane-, and ursane-types. Pentacyclic triterpenoids are known to have many biological activities, e.g., anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Unfortunately, they are also characterized by poor water solubility and, hence, low bioavailability. These pharmacological properties may be improved by both introducing some modifications to their native structures and developing novel delivery systems based on the latest nanotechnological achievements. The development of nanocarrier-delivery systems is aimed at increasing the transport capacity of bioactive compounds by enhancing their solubility, bioavailability, stability in vivo and ensuring tumor-targeting while their toxicity and risk of side effects are significantly reduced. Nanocarriers may vary in sizes, constituents, shapes, and surface properties, all of which affect the ultimate efficacy and safety of a given anticancer therapy, as presented in this review. The presented results demonstrate the high antitumor potential of systems for delivery of pentacyclic triterpenoids.
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289
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Nierenberg D, Flores O, Fox D, Sip YYL, Finn C, Ghozlan H, Cox A, McKinstry KK, Zhai L, Khaled AR. Polymeric Nanoparticles with a Sera-Derived Coating for Efficient Cancer Cell Uptake and Killing. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5591-5606. [PMID: 33681599 PMCID: PMC7931424 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated cancer drug delivery remains an inefficient process. The protein corona formed on nanoparticles (NPs) controls their biological identity and, if optimized, could enhance cancer cell uptake. In this study, a hyperbranched polyester polymer (HBPE) was synthesized from diethyl malonate and used to generate NPs that were subsequently coated with normal sera (NS) collected from mice. Cellular uptake of NS-treated HBPE-NPs was compared to PEGylated HBPE-NPs and was assessed using MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells as well as endothelial and monocytic cell lines. NS-treated HBPE-NPs were taken up by TNBC cells more efficiently than PEGylated HBPE-NPs, while evasion of monocyte uptake was comparable. NS coatings facilitated cancer cell uptake of HBPE-NPs, even after prior interaction of the particles with an endothelial layer. NS-treated HBPE-NPs were not inherently toxic, did not induce the migration of endothelial cells that could lead to angiogenesis, and could efficiently deliver cytotoxic doses of paclitaxel (taxol) to TNBC cells. These findings suggest that HBPE-NPs may adsorb select sera proteins that improve uptake by cancer cells, and such NPs could be used to advance the discovery of novel factors that improve the bioavailability and tissue distribution of drug-loaded polymeric NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nierenberg
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Orielyz Flores
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - David Fox
- Nanotechnology
Science Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Yuen Yee Li Sip
- Nanotechnology
Science Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer
Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Caroline Finn
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Heba Ghozlan
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Amanda Cox
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - K. Kai McKinstry
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Lei Zhai
- Nanotechnology
Science Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer
Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Annette R. Khaled
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
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290
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Zhou Z, Sun T, Jiang C. Recent advances on drug delivery nanocarriers for cerebral disorders. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:024104. [PMID: 33455956 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abdc97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapies for brain disorders are generally faced with obstacles from the blood-brain barrier (BBB). There are a variety of drug delivery systems that have been put forward to cross or bypass the BBB with the access to the central nervous system. Brain drug delivery systems have benefited greatly from the development of nanocarriers, including lipids, polymers and inorganic materials. Consequently, various kinds of brain drug delivery nano-systems have been established, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), nanomicelles, nanohydrogels, dendrimers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The characteristics of their carriers and preparations usually differ from each other, as well as their transportation mechanisms into intracerebral lesions. In this review, different types of brain drug delivery nanocarriers are classified and summarized, especially their significant achievements, to present several recommendations and directions for future strategies of cerebral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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291
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Effect of C-terminus Conjugation via Different Conjugation Chemistries on In Vivo Activity of Albumin-Conjugated Recombinant GLP-1. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020263. [PMID: 33672039 PMCID: PMC7919490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone with tremendous therapeutic potential for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the short half-life of its native form is a significant drawback. We previously prolonged the plasma half-life of GLP-1 via site-specific conjugation of human serum albumin (HSA) at position 16 of recombinant GLP-1 using site-specific incorporation of p-azido-phenylalanine (AzF) and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). However, the resulting conjugate GLP1_8G16AzF-HSA showed only moderate in vivo glucose-lowering activity, probably due to perturbed interactions with GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) caused by the albumin-linker. To identify albumin-conjugated GLP-1 variants with enhanced in vivo glucose-lowering activity, we investigated the conjugation of HSA to a C-terminal region of GLP-1 to reduce steric hindrance by the albumin-linker using two different conjugation chemistries. GLP-1 variants GLP1_8G37AzF-HSA and GLP1_8G37C-HSA were prepared using SPAAC and Michael addition, respectively. GLP1_8G37C-HSA exhibited a higher glucose-lowering activity in vivo than GLP1_8G16AzF-HSA, while GLP1_8G37AzF-HSA did not. Another GLP-1 variant, GLP1_8A37C-HSA, had a glycine to alanine mutation at position 8 and albumin at its C-terminus and exhibited in vivo glucose-lowering activity comparable to that of GLP1_8G37C-HSA, despite a moderately shorter plasma half-life. These results showed that site-specific HSA conjugation to the C-terminus of GLP-1 via Michael addition could be used to generate GLP-1 variants with enhanced glucose-lowering activity and prolonged plasma half-life in vivo.
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292
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Banche-Niclot F, Montalbano G, Fiorilli S, Vitale-Brovarone C. PEG-Coated Large Mesoporous Silicas as Smart Platform for Protein Delivery and Their Use in a Collagen-Based Formulation for 3D Printing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1718. [PMID: 33572076 PMCID: PMC7914545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica-based mesoporous systems have gained great interest in drug delivery applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and high loading capability. However, these materials face challenges in terms of pore-size limitations since they are characterized by nanopores ranging between 6-8 nm and thus unsuitable to host large molecular weight molecules such as proteins, enzymes and growth factors (GFs). In this work, for an application in the field of bone regeneration, large-pore mesoporous silicas (LPMSs) were developed to vehicle large biomolecules and release them under a pH stimulus. Considering bone remodeling, the proposed pH-triggered mechanism aims to mimic the release of GFs encased in the bone matrix due to bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) and the associated pH drop. To this aim, LPMSs were prepared by using 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene (TMB) as a swelling agent and the synthesis solution was hydrothermally treated and the influence of different process temperatures and durations on the resulting mesostructure was investigated. The synthesized particles exhibited a cage-like mesoporous structure with accessible pores of diameter up to 23 nm. LPMSs produced at 140 °C for 24 h showed the best compromise in terms of specific surface area, pores size and shape and hence, were selected for further experiments. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as model protein to evaluate the ability of the LPMSs to adsorb and release large biomolecules. After HRP-loading, LPMSs were coated with a pH-responsive polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), allowing the release of the incorporated biomolecules in response to a pH decrease, in an attempt to mimic GFs release in bone under the acidic pH generated by the resorption activity of OCs. The reported results proved that PEG-coated carriers released HRP more quickly in an acidic environment, due to the protonation of PEG at low pH that catalyzes polymer hydrolysis reaction. Our findings indicate that LPMSs could be used as carriers to deliver large biomolecules and prove the effectiveness of PEG as pH-responsive coating. Finally, as proof of concept, a collagen-based suspension was obtained by incorporating PEG-coated LPMS carriers into a type I collagen matrix with the aim of designing a hybrid formulation for 3D-printing of bone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Banche-Niclot
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10029 Torino, Italy; (F.B.-N.); (G.M.); (S.F.)
- Department of Surgical Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10029 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Montalbano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10029 Torino, Italy; (F.B.-N.); (G.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Sonia Fiorilli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10029 Torino, Italy; (F.B.-N.); (G.M.); (S.F.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (RU Politecnico di Torino), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10029 Torino, Italy; (F.B.-N.); (G.M.); (S.F.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (RU Politecnico di Torino), 50121 Firenze, Italy
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293
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Trapani A, Guerra L, Corbo F, Castellani S, Sanna E, Capobianco L, Monteduro AG, Manno DE, Mandracchia D, Di Gioia S, Conese M. Cyto/Biocompatibility of Dopamine Combined with the Antioxidant Grape Seed-Derived Polyphenol Compounds in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:916. [PMID: 33572331 PMCID: PMC7916151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The loss of nigrostriatal neurons containing dopamine (DA) together with the "mitochondrial dysfunction" in midbrain represent the two main causes related to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Hence, the aim of this investigation is to co-administer the missing DA and the antioxidant grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins (grape seed extract, GSE) in order to increase the levels of the neurotransmitter (which is unable to cross the Blood Brain Barrier) and reducing the oxidative stress (OS) related to PD, respectively. Methods: For this purpose, we chose Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), because they have been already proven to increase DA uptake in the brain. DA-SLN adsorbing GSE (GSE/DA-SLN) were formulated and subjected to physico-chemical characterization, and their cytocompatibility and protection against OS were examined. Results: GSE was found on SLN surface and release studies evidenced the efficiency of GSE in preventing DA autoxidation. Furthermore, SLN showed high mucoadhesive strength and were found not cytotoxic to both primary Olfactory Ensheathing and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by MTT test. Co-administration of GSE/DA-SLN and the OS-inducing neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (100 μM) resulted in an increase of SH-SY5Y cell viability. Conclusions: Hence, SLN formulations containing DA and GSE may constitute interesting candidates for non-invasive nose-to-brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy;
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.M.); (D.E.M.)
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.M.); (D.E.M.)
| | - Daniela Erminia Manno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.M.); (D.E.M.)
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
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294
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Gagliardi A, Giuliano E, Venkateswararao E, Fresta M, Bulotta S, Awasthi V, Cosco D. Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:601626. [PMID: 33613290 PMCID: PMC7887387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.601626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have favored the development of novel colloidal formulations able to modulate the pharmacological and biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. The peculiar physico-chemical and technological properties of nanomaterial-based therapeutics have allowed for several successful applications in the treatment of cancer. The size, shape, charge and patterning of nanoscale therapeutic molecules are parameters that need to be investigated and modulated in order to promote and optimize cell and tissue interaction. In this review, the use of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery systems of anticancer compounds, their physico-chemical properties and their ability to be efficiently localized in specific tumor tissues have been described. The nanoencapsulation of antitumor active compounds in polymeric systems is a promising approach to improve the efficacy of various tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Giuliano
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eeda Venkateswararao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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295
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Rivero Berti I, Islan GA, Castro GR. Enzymes and biopolymers. The opportunity for the smart design of molecular delivery systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124546. [PMID: 33360273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes exhibit a tremendous potential due to the catalytic activity in response to physiological conditions and specific microenvironments. Exploiting these properties in combination with the versatility of biopolymers, a fascinating field for the rational development of a new class of "smart" delivery systems for therapeutic molecules is proposed. Many strategies have been recently developed to produce matrices with the desirable properties of molecular release, and enzymes could be playing a relevant role in modify the chemical composition of the polymers, the porosity and surface area of the matrices and modulate the kinetic of controlled release. Enzyme based computational systems have appeared as a relevant complementary tool to design novel smart bioactive matrices for programmable drug delivery. The present review is reporting the recent advances and projections of smart biopolymeric matrices activated by enzymes for sustained release of therapeutic molecules, highlighting various applications in the area of advanced drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rivero Berti
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German A Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG), Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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296
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Bloise N, Okkeh M, Restivo E, Della Pina C, Visai L. Targeting the "Sweet Side" of Tumor with Glycan-Binding Molecules Conjugated-Nanoparticles: Implications in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:289. [PMID: 33499388 PMCID: PMC7911724 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is in the spotlight of therapeutic innovation, with numerous advantages for tumor visualization and eradication. The end goal of the therapeutic use of nanoparticles, however, remains distant due to the limitations of nanoparticles to target cancer tissue. The functionalization of nanosystem surfaces with biological ligands is a major strategy for directing the actions of nanomaterials specifically to tumor cells. Cancer formation and metastasis are accompanied by profound alterations in protein glycosylation. Hence, the detection and targeting of aberrant glycans are of great value in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide a brief update on recent progress targeting aberrant glycosylation by functionalizing nanoparticles with glycan-binding molecules (with a special focus on lectins and anti-glycan antibodies) to improve the efficacy of nanoparticles in cancer targeting, diagnosis, and therapy and outline the challenges and limitations in implementing this approach. We envision that the combination of nanotechnological strategies and cancer-associated glycan targeting could remodel the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy, including immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3/B-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.O.); (E.R.); (L.V.)
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mohammad Okkeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3/B-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.O.); (E.R.); (L.V.)
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Restivo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3/B-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.O.); (E.R.); (L.V.)
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Della Pina
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano e CNR-ISTM, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3/B-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.O.); (E.R.); (L.V.)
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100 Pavia, Italy
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297
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Kim GC, Cheon DH, Lee Y. Challenge to overcome current limitations of cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140604. [PMID: 33453413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The penetration of biological membranes is a prime obstacle for the delivery of pharmaceutical drugs. Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is an efficient vehicle that can deliver various cargos across the biological membranes. Since the discovery, CPPs have been rigorously studied to unveil the underlying penetrating mechanism as well as to exploit CPPs for various biomedical applications. This review will focus on the various strategies to overcome current limitations regarding stability, selectivity, and efficacy of CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Chan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hee Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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298
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van den Berg AIS, Yun CO, Schiffelers RM, Hennink WE. Polymeric delivery systems for nucleic acid therapeutics: Approaching the clinic. J Control Release 2021; 331:121-141. [PMID: 33453339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy using nucleic acids has many clinical applications for the treatment of diseases with a genetic origin as well as for the development of innovative vaccine formulations. Since nucleic acids in their free form are rapidly degraded by nucleases present in extracellular matrices, have poor pharmacokinetics and hardly pass cellular membranes, carrier systems are required. Suitable carriers that protect the nucleic acid payload against enzymatic attack, prolong circulation time after systemic administration and assist in cellular binding and internalization are needed to develop nucleic acid based drug products. Viral vectors have been investigated and are also clinically used as delivery vehicles. However, some major drawbacks are associated with their use. Therefore there has been substantial attention on the use of non-viral carrier systems based on cationic lipids and polymers. This review focuses on the properties of polymer-based nucleic acid formulations, also referred as polyplexes. Different polymeric systems are summarized, and the cellular barriers polyplexes encounter and ways to tackle these are discussed. Finally attention is given to the clinical status of non-viral nucleic acid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette I S van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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299
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Oral peptide delivery: challenges and the way ahead. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:931-950. [PMID: 33444788 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic agents and, in the search for the best treatment regimen, the oral route has been extensively evaluated because of its non-invasive and safe nature. The physicochemical properties of peptides and proteins along with the hurdles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as degrading enzymes and permeation barriers, are challenges to their delivery. To address these challenges, several conventional and novel approaches, such as nanocarriers, site-specific and stimuli specific delivery, are being used. In this review, we discuss the challenges to the oral delivery of peptides and the approaches used to tackle these challenges.
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300
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Xiao Z, Zheng X, An Y, Wang K, Zhang J, He H, Wu J. Zwitterionic hydrogel for sustained release of growth factors to enhance wound healing. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:882-891. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic hydrogels outperform PEG hydrogels in delivering FGF2 for enhanced wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecong Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyao Zheng
- Department of dermatology
- The Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ying An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Kangning Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huacheng He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| |
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