301
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Li X, Shepard HM, Cowell JA, Zhao C, Osgood RJ, Rosengren S, Blouw B, Garrovillo SA, Pagel MD, Whatcott CJ, Han H, Von Hoff DD, Taverna DM, LaBarre MJ, Maneval DC, Thompson CB. Parallel Accumulation of Tumor Hyaluronan, Collagen, and Other Drivers of Tumor Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4798-4807. [PMID: 30084839 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves to support tumor progression. One marker of more aggressive malignancy is hyaluronan (HA) accumulation. Here, we characterize biological and physical changes associated with HA-accumulating (HA-high) tumors.Experimental Design: We used immunohistochemistry, in vivo imaging of tumor pH, and microdialysis to characterize the TME of HA-high tumors, including tumor vascular structure, hypoxia, tumor perfusion by doxorubicin, pH, content of collagen. and smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). A novel method was developed to measure real-time tumor-associated soluble cytokines and growth factors. We also evaluated biopsies of murine and pancreatic cancer patients to investigate HA and collagen content, important contributors to drug resistance.Results: In immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice, increasing tumor HA content is accompanied by increasing collagen content, vascular collapse, hypoxia, and increased metastatic potential, as reflected by increased α-SMA. In vivo treatment of HA-high tumors with PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase (PEGPH20) dramatically reversed these changes and depleted stores of VEGF-A165, suggesting that PEGPH20 may also diminish the angiogenic potential of the TME. Finally, we observed in xenografts and in pancreatic cancer patients a coordinated increase in HA and collagen tumor content.Conclusions: The accumulation of HA in tumors is associated with high tIP, vascular collapse, hypoxia, and drug resistance. These findings may partially explain why more aggressive malignancy is observed in the HA-high phenotype. We have shown that degradation of HA by PEGPH20 partially reverses this phenotype and leads to depletion of tumor-associated VEGF-A165. These results encourage further clinical investigation of PEGPH20. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4798-807. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Chunmei Zhao
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifford J Whatcott
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Haiyong Han
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
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302
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Houg DS, Bijlsma MF. The hepatic pre-metastatic niche in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:95. [PMID: 29903049 PMCID: PMC6003100 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies to date, largely because it is associated with high metastatic risk. Pancreatic tumors have a characteristic tendency to metastasize preferentially to the liver. Over the past two decades, it has become evident that the otherwise hostile milieu of the liver is selectively preconditioned at an early stage to render it more conducive to the engraftment and growth of disseminated cancer cells, a concept defined as pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation. Pancreatic cancer cells exploit components of the tumor microenvironment to facilitate their migration out of the primary tumor, which often involves conversion of pancreatic cancer cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Pancreatic stellate cells and matrix stiffness have been put forward as major drivers of invasiveness in PDAC. Even before the onset of pancreatic cancer cell dissemination, soluble factors and extracellular vesicles secreted by the primary tumor, and possibly even premalignant lesions, help shape a supportive niche in the liver by providing vascular docking sites for circulating tumor cells, enhancing vascular permeability, remodeling the extracellular matrix and recruiting immunosuppressive inflammatory cells. Emerging evidence suggests that some of these tumor-derived factors may represent powerful diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Though our understanding of the mechanisms driving PMN formation in PDAC has expanded considerably, many outstanding questions and challenges remain. Further studies dissecting the molecular and cellular events involved in hepatic PMN formation in PDAC will likely improve diagnosis and open new avenues from a therapeutic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi S Houg
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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303
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Abstract
Collagen and hyaluronan are the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their overexpression in tumors is linked to increased tumor growth and metastasis. These ECM components contribute to a protective tumor microenvironment by supporting a high interstitial fluid pressure and creating a tortuous setting for the convection and diffusion of chemotherapeutic small molecules, antibodies, and nanoparticles in the tumor interstitial space. This review focuses on the research efforts to deplete extracellular collagen with collagenases to normalize the tumor microenvironment. Although collagen synthesis inhibitors are in clinical development, the use of collagenases is contentious and clinically untested in cancer patients. Pretreatment of murine tumors with collagenases increased drug uptake and diffusion 2-10-fold. This modest improvement resulted in decreased tumor growth, but the benefits of collagenase treatment are confounded by risks of toxicity from collagen breakdown in healthy tissues. In this review, we evaluate the published in vitro and in vivo benefits and limitations of collagenase treatment to improve drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Dolor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143
| | - Francis C. Szoka
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143
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304
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Dehghani M, Brobey RK, Wang Y, Souza G, Amato RJ, Rosenblatt KP. Klotho inhibits EGF-induced cell migration in Caki-1 cells through inactivation of EGFR and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26737-26750. [PMID: 29928482 PMCID: PMC6003560 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho is a single-pass transmembrane protein with documented anti-cancer properties. Recent reports have implicated Klotho as an inhibitor of transforming growth factor β1 induced cell migration in renal fibrosis. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to promote tumor initiation and progression in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). We tested our hypothesis that Klotho inhibits EGF-mediated cell migration in cRCC by interfering with the EGFR signaling complex and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. We performed cell adhesion, migration, and biochemical studies in vitro using Caki-1 cell line. In addition, we validated the cell culture studies with expression analysis of six de-identified FFPE tissues from primary and metastatic cRCC patients. Our studies show that Klotho inhibited EGF-induced Caki-1 de-adhesion and decreased spreading on collagen type 1. Klotho also inhibited EGF-induced α2β1 integrin-dependent cell migration on collagen type 1. To test the involvement of MAPK pathways in EGF-induced Caki-1 cell motility, the cells were pretreated with either SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, or Klotho. SB203580 blocked the EGF-induced Caki-1 cell migration. Klotho had a comparable inhibitory effect. Our FFPE clinical specimens revealed decreased Klotho mRNA expression compared to a control, non-cancer kidney tissue. The decrease in Klotho mRNA levels correlated with increased c-Src expression, while E-Cadherin was relatively reduced in metastatic FFPE specimens where Klotho was least expressed. Taken together, these results suggest that secreted Klotho inhibits EGF-induced pro-migratory cell morphological changes and migration in Caki-1 cells. Our data additionally suggest that decreased Klotho expression may be involved in cRCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dehghani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Reynolds K Brobey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Yue Wang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Glauco Souza
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America.,n3D Biosciences, Inc., Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Robert J Amato
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Kevin P Rosenblatt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America.,NX Prenatal, Inc., Bellaire, Texas 77401, United States of America.,Consultative Genomics, PLLC, Bellaire, Texas 77401, United States of America
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305
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Zhou XG, Huang XL, Liang SY, Tang SM, Wu SK, Huang TT, Mo ZN, Wang QY. Identifying miRNA and gene modules of colon cancer associated with pathological stage by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2815-2830. [PMID: 29844680 PMCID: PMC5961473 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s163891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage remains the standard for CRC prognostication. Identification of meaningful microRNA (miRNA) and gene modules or representative biomarkers related to the pathological stage of colon cancer helps to predict prognosis and reveal the mechanisms behind cancer progression. Materials and methods We applied a systems biology approach by combining differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to detect the pathological stage-related miRNA and gene modules and construct a miRNA–gene network. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colon adenocarcinoma (CAC) RNA-sequencing data and miRNA-sequencing data were subjected to WGCNA analysis, and the GSE29623, GSE35602 and GSE39396 were utilized to validate and characterize the results of WGCNA. Results Two gene modules (Gmagenta and Ggreen) and one miRNA module were associated with the pathological stage. Six hub genes (COL1A2, THBS2, BGN, COL1A1, TAGLN and DACT3) were related to prognosis and validated to be associated with the pathological stage. Five hub miRNAs were identified to be related to prognosis (hsa-miR-125b-5p, hsa-miR-145-5p, hsa-let-7c-5p, hsa-miR-218-5p and hsa-miR-125b-2-3p). A total of 18 hub genes and seven hub miRNAs were predominantly expressed in tumor stroma. Proteoglycans in cancer, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction and so on were common pathways of the three modules. Hsa-let-7c-5p was located at the core of miRNA–gene network. Conclusion These findings help to advance the understanding of tumor stroma in the progression of CAC and provide prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Zhou
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Liang Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Liang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Mei Tang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Kao Wu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Tong Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Nan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi, Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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306
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Lihachev A, Lihacova I, Plorina EV, Lange M, Derjabo A, Spigulis J. Differentiation of seborrheic keratosis from basal cell carcinoma, nevi and melanoma by RGB autofluorescence imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1852-1858. [PMID: 29675324 PMCID: PMC5905929 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A clinical trial on the autofluorescence imaging of skin lesions comprising 16 dermatologically confirmed pigmented nevi, 15 seborrheic keratosis, 2 dysplastic nevi, histologically confirmed 17 basal cell carcinomas and 1 melanoma was performed. The autofluorescence spatial properties of the skin lesions were acquired by smartphone RGB camera under 405 nm LED excitation. The diagnostic criterion is based on the calculation of the mean autofluorescence intensity of the examined lesion in the spectral range of 515 nm-700 nm. The proposed methodology is able to differentiate seborrheic keratosis from basal cell carcinoma, pigmented nevi and melanoma. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method was estimated as being close to 100%. The proposed methodology and potential clinical applications are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Lihachev
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Ilze Lihacova
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Emilija V. Plorina
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Marta Lange
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Alexander Derjabo
- Riga Eastern University Hospital, Oncology Centre of Latvia, Hipokrata Street 4, Riga LV-1079, Latvia
| | - Janis Spigulis
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga LV-1586, Latvia
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307
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Icard P, Shulman S, Farhat D, Steyaert JM, Alifano M, Lincet H. How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells? Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:1-11. [PMID: 29857814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells employ both conventional oxidative metabolism and glycolytic anaerobic metabolism. However, their proliferation is marked by a shift towards increasing glycolytic metabolism even in the presence of O2 (Warburg effect). HIF1, a major hypoxia induced transcription factor, promotes a dissociation between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a process limiting the efficient production of ATP and citrate which otherwise would arrest glycolysis. The Warburg effect also favors an intracellular alkaline pH which is a driving force in many aspects of cancer cell proliferation (enhancement of glycolysis and cell cycle progression) and of cancer aggressiveness (resistance to various processes including hypoxia, apoptosis, cytotoxic drugs and immune response). This metabolism leads to epigenetic and genetic alterations with the occurrence of multiple new cell phenotypes which enhance cancer cell growth and aggressiveness. In depth understanding of these metabolic changes in cancer cells may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which when combined with existing cancer treatments, might improve their effectiveness and/or overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment, BioTICLA axis (Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancers), Caen, France; UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, BioTICLA lab, Caen, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, France
| | | | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Steyaert
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Informatique (LIX), Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
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308
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Meng T, Liu J, Wen L, Yuan M, Cheng B, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Yuan H, Hu F. Multi-cycle chemotherapy with the glycolipid-like polymeric micelles evade cancer stem cell enrichment in breast cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72978-72989. [PMID: 27659522 PMCID: PMC5341957 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-cycle chemotherapy is commonly used in the clinic, while the phenomena of enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and enhanced multi-drug resistance (MDR) are commonly involved. This research was designed for evaluating this successive administration. Chitosan oligosaccharide-g-stearic acid (CSOSA) polymer was used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to perform tri-cycle chemotherapy on a new tumor model induced by mammosphere cells. In vitro, on CSCs enriched mammospheres model, the doxorubicin-loaded CSOSA (CSOSA/DOX) displayed an improved growth inhibition effect measured by acid phosphatase assay (APH). While in vivo, the CSOSA/DOX micelles blocked tumor progression and led to a marked decrease of CSCs proportion as well as MDR capacity. What's more, the CSOSA/DOX helped decay the microenvironment and attenuate systemic side effects. We concluded that the CSOSA polymer could be a potential DDS for long-term multi-cycle chemotherapy in antitumor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Meng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Wen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bolin Cheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingwen Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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309
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Wang C, Tanataweethum N, Karnik S, Bhushan A. Novel Microfluidic Colon with an Extracellular Matrix Membrane. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1377-1385. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Nida Tanataweethum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Sonali Karnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Abhinav Bhushan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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310
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Fang M, Yuan J, Chen M, Sun Z, Liu L, Cheng G, Ying H, Yang S, Chen M. The heterogenic tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognostic analysis based on tumor neo-vessels, macrophages and α-SMA. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4805-4812. [PMID: 29552120 PMCID: PMC5840703 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to quantify tumor neo-vessels, macrophages and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore the prognostic factors of HCC. The distribution of tumor neo-vessels, macrophages and fibroblasts was quantified by immunohistochemistry and inverted microscopy with the CRi Nuance multispectral imaging system, and the correlation of these parameters with the clinico-pathological characteristics and overall survival of the patients was analyzed. The number of tumor neo-vessels and macrophages, and density of the fibroblasts, as calculated by the thickness of the tumor stroma in the tumor microenvironment, ranged from 51-429 (median, 218), 110-555 (median, 259) and 35.6-555.5 µm (median, 247.0), respectively. Using the median values as a cutoff, the cases were stratified into high- and low-density groups. Survival analysis demonstrated that the high-density groups regarding macrophages (χ2=5.249, P=0.022) and fibroblasts (χ2=18.073, P<0.001) had a significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) than the low-density groups. The high-density tumor neo-vessel group had a shorter DFS with a median of 5 months than the low-density group with a median of 7 months; however, there was no statistical significance between these two groups (χ2=1.663, P=0.197). Regarding the above three stromal components combined, all of the cases were classified into low-, middle- and high-density groups. Survival analysis demonstrated that the high-density group of stromal components had a shorter DFS than the other two groups with a median of 3 months (χ2=14.439, P=0.001). Multivariate analysis by Cox regression indicated that cirrhosis, metastasis stage, as well as macrophage and fibroblast density were independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, the key elements in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor neo-vessels, macrophages and fibroblasts, were heterogenic in HCC tissues and have significant roles in HCC invasion and metastasis. Stromal components are associated with the prognosis of patients with HCC; the higher the density of stromal components, the poorer the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zongwen Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Hangjie Ying
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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311
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Garcia AM, Magalhes FL, Soares JS, Junior EP, Lima MFRD, Mamede M, Paula AMD. Second harmonic generation imaging of the collagen architecture in prostate cancer tissue. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaa379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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312
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Shalaby N, Al-Ebraheem A, Le D, Cornacchi S, Fang Q, Farrell T, Lovrics P, Gohla G, Reid S, Hodgson N, Farquharson M. Time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for margin analysis in breast cancer. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:236-245. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Shalaby
- School of Interdisciplinary Science; McMaster University; Ontario Canada
| | - Alia Al-Ebraheem
- School of Interdisciplinary Science; McMaster University; Ontario Canada
| | - Du Le
- School of Interdisciplinary Science; McMaster University; Ontario Canada
| | - Sylvie Cornacchi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Qiyin Fang
- Faculty of Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Thomas Farrell
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Peter Lovrics
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Gabriela Gohla
- St. Joseph's Healthcare; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Susan Reid
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Nicole Hodgson
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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313
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Derakhshandeh R, Sanadhya S, Lee Han K, Chen H, Goloubeva O, Webb TJ, Younis RH. Semaphorin 4D in human head and neck cancer tissue and peripheral blood: A dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stromal phenotype. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541402 PMCID: PMC5834246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for stromal biomarkers in carcinoma patients is a challenge in the field. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), known for its various developmental, physiological and pathological effects, plays a role in pro and anti-inflammatory responses. It is expressed in many epithelial tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, we found that HNSCC-associated Sema4D modulates an immune-suppressive, tumor-permissible environment by inducing the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of Sema4D as a biomarker for the peri-tumoral stromal phenotype in human HNSCC. Our data showed Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells in 34% of the studied cohort with positive correlation to Stage III (p=0.0001). Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells correlated directly with dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stroma (p=0.0001) and inversely with infiltrate of Sema4D+ve/high tumor-associated inflammatory cells (TAIs) (p=0.01). Most of the Sema4D+ve/high TAIs were co-positive for the macrophage biomarker CD163. Knockdown of Sema4D in WSU-HN6 cells inhibited collagen production by fibroblasts, and decreased activated TGF-β1 levels in culture medium of HNSCC cell lines. In a stratification model of HNSCC using combined Sema4D and the programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1), Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells represented a phenotype distinct from the PDL-1 positive tumors. Finally,Sema4D was detected in plasma of HNC patients at significantly higher levels (115.44, ± 39.37) compared to healthy donors (38.60± 12.73) (p <0.0001). In conclusion, we present a novel HNSCC tumor stratification model, based on the expression of the biomarker Sema4D. This model opens new avenues to novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Derakhshandeh
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Sanadhya
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyu Lee Han
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Goloubeva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rania H Younis
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Oral Pathology Consultants, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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314
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Mulligan JA, Bordeleau F, Reinhart-King CA, Adie SG. Traction Force Microscopy for Noninvasive Imaging of Cell Forces. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:319-349. [PMID: 30368759 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The forces exerted by cells on their surroundings play an integral role in both physiological processes and disease progression. Traction force microscopy is a noninvasive technique that enables the in vitro imaging and quantification of cell forces. Utilizing expertise from a variety of disciplines, recent developments in traction force microscopy are enhancing the study of cell forces in physiologically relevant model systems, and hold promise for further advancing knowledge in mechanobiology. In this chapter, we discuss the methods, capabilities, and limitations of modern approaches for traction force microscopy, and highlight ongoing efforts and challenges underlying future innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Mulligan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - François Bordeleau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
- Départment of Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Steven G Adie
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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315
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Angel PM, Comte-Walters S, Ball LE, Talbot K, Mehta A, Brockbank KGM, Drake RR. Mapping Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:635-646. [PMID: 29161047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Collagens and elastin form the fundamental framework of all tissues and organs, and their expression and post-translational processing are tightly regulated in disease and health. Because of their unique structural composition and properties, it is a recognized challenge to access these protein structures within the complex tissue microenvironment to understand how localized changes modulate tissue health. We describe a new workflow using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes to access and report on spatial localization of collagen and elastin sequences in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. The developed technology provides new access to collagens and elastin sequences localized to tissue features that were previously unattainable. This high-throughput technological advance should be applicable to any tissue regardless of disease type, tissue origin, or disease status and is thus relevant to all research: basic, translational, or clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelvin G M Brockbank
- Tissue Testing Technologies LLC , North Charleston, South Carolina 29406, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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316
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Association between expression of nuclear receptor co-activator 5 protein and prognosis in postoperative patients with osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1888-1892. [PMID: 29434886 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the expression of nuclear receptor co-activator 5 protein (NCOA5) and the prognosis of postoperative patients with osteosarcoma. Human osteosarcoma samples were collected from 145 patients and normal bone tissues were collected from 100 individuals as controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to measure the levels of NCOA5 protein in cases of human osteosarcoma. The results from the RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the positive rate of NCOA5 mRNA expression in human osteosarcoma was 17.24% (25/145). The positive rate in normal bone tissues was 84.00% (84/100), which was significantly higher compared with that of human osteosarcoma tissues (χ2=33.166; P<0.001). IHC staining indicated that the positive rate of NCOA5 protein in the osteosarcoma samples was 26.21% (38/145). The positive rate in normal bone tissues was 82.00% (82/100), which was significantly increased compared with that of human osteosarcoma tissues (χ2=28.166; P<0.001). NCOA5 mRNA and protein expression levels were consistent in human osteosarcoma tissues, and were lower than in control tissues. The expression of NCOA5 was low in human osteosarcoma tissues, while it was high in normal bone tissues. These low NCOA5 expression levels were associated with postoperative survival of human osteosarcoma.
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317
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Hauge A, Wegner CS, Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. Diffusion-weighted MRI-derived ADC values reflect collagen I content in PDX models of uterine cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105682-105691. [PMID: 29285283 PMCID: PMC5739670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) are known to reflect the cellular environment of biological tissues. However, emerging evidence accentuates the influence of stromal elements on ADC values. The current study sought to elucidate whether a correlation exists between ADC and the fraction of collagen I-positive tissue across different tumor models of uterine cervical cancer. Early and late generation tumors of four patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of squamous cell carcinoma (BK-12, ED-15, HL-16, and LA-19) were included. DW-MRI was performed with diffusion encoding constants (b) of 200, 400, 700, and 1000 s/mm2 and diffusion gradient sensitization in three orthogonal directions. The fraction of collagen I-positive connective tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Mono-exponential decay curves, from which the ADC value of tumor voxels was calculated, yielded good fits to the diffusion data. A significant inverse correlation was detected between median tumor ADC and collagen I fraction across the four PDX models, indicating that collagen fibers in the extracellular space have the ability to inhibit the movement of water molecules in these xenografts. The results encourage further exploration of DW-MRI as a non-invasive imaging method for characterizing the stromal microenvironment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S. Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G. Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K. Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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318
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Varol C, Sagi I. Phagocyte-extracellular matrix crosstalk empowers tumor development and dissemination. FEBS J 2017; 285:734-751. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Varol
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
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319
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Velez DO, Tsui B, Goshia T, Chute CL, Han A, Carter H, Fraley SI. 3D collagen architecture induces a conserved migratory and transcriptional response linked to vasculogenic mimicry. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1651. [PMID: 29162797 PMCID: PMC5698427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The topographical organization of collagen within the tumor microenvironment has been implicated in modulating cancer cell migration and independently predicts progression to metastasis. Here, we show that collagen matrices with small pores and short fibers, but not Matrigel, trigger a conserved transcriptional response and subsequent motility switch in cancer cells resulting in the formation of multicellular network structures. The response is not mediated by hypoxia, matrix stiffness, or bulk matrix density, but rather by matrix architecture-induced β1-integrin upregulation. The transcriptional module associated with network formation is enriched for migration and vasculogenesis-associated genes that predict survival in patient data across nine distinct tumor types. Evidence of this gene module at the protein level is found in patient tumor slices displaying a vasculogenic mimicry (VM) phenotype. Our findings link a collagen-induced migration program to VM and suggest that this process may be broadly relevant to metastatic progression in solid human cancers. Extracellular matrix plays a central role in driving cancer development. Here the authors using an in vitro approach show that confining collagen architectures induce fast and persistent cell migration and the formation of multicellular network structures linked to vascular mimicry observed in tumours from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Velez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - B Tsui
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - T Goshia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - C L Chute
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - A Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - H Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - S I Fraley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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320
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Collateral Damage Intended-Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Vasculature Are Potential Targets in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112355. [PMID: 29112161 PMCID: PMC5713324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After oncogenic transformation, tumor cells rewire their metabolism to obtain sufficient energy and biochemical building blocks for cell proliferation, even under hypoxic conditions. Glucose and glutamine become their major limiting nutritional demands. Instead of being autonomous, tumor cells change their immediate environment not only by their metabolites but also by mediators, such as juxtacrine cell contacts, chemokines and other cytokines. Thus, the tumor cells shape their microenvironment as well as induce resident cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs), to support them. Fibroblasts differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which produce a qualitatively and quantitatively different extracellular matrix (ECM). By their contractile power, they exert tensile forces onto this ECM, leading to increased intratumoral pressure. Moreover, along with enhanced cross-linkage of the ECM components, CAFs thus stiffen the ECM. Attracted by tumor cell- and CAF-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ECs sprout from pre-existing blood vessels during tumor-induced angiogenesis. Tumor vessels are distinct from EC-lined vessels, because tumor cells integrate into the endothelium or even mimic and replace it in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) vessels. Not only the VM vessels but also the characteristically malformed EC-lined tumor vessels are typical for tumor tissue and may represent promising targets in cancer therapy.
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321
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Proteomic profiling identifies markers for inflammation-related tumor-fibroblast interaction. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:33. [PMID: 29176937 PMCID: PMC5689177 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer associated fibroblasts are activated in the tumor microenvironment and contribute to tumor progression, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammation. Methods To identify proteins characteristic for fibroblasts in colorectal cancer we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to derive protein abundance from whole-tissue homogenates of human colorectal cancer/normal mucosa pairs. Alterations of protein levels were determined by two-sided t test with greater than threefold difference and an FDR of < 0.05. Public available datasets were used to predict proteins of stromal origin and link protein with mRNA regulation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the localization of selected proteins. Results We identified a set of 24 proteins associated with inflammation, matrix organization, TGFβ receptor signaling and angiogenesis mainly originating from the stroma. Most prominent were increased abundance of SerpinB5 in the parenchyme and latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein, thrombospondin-B2, and secreted protein acidic-and-cysteine-rich in the stroma. Extracellular matrix remodeling involved collagens type VIII, XII, XIV, and VI as well as lysyl-oxidase-2. In silico analysis of mRNA levels demonstrated altered expression in the tumor and the adjacent normal tissue as compared to mucosa of healthy individuals indicating that inflammatory activation affected the surrounding tissue. Immunohistochemistry of 26 tumor specimen confirmed upregulation of SerpinB5, thrombospondin B2 and secreted protein acidic-and-cysteine-rich. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting tumor- and compartment-specific protein-signatures that are functionally meaningful by proteomic profiling of whole-tissue extracts together with mining of RNA expression datasets. The results provide the basis for further exploration of inflammation-related stromal markers in larger patient cohorts and experimental models.
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322
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Blockhuys S, Agarwal NR, Hildesjö C, Jarlsfelt I, Wittung-Stafshede P, Sun XF. Second harmonic generation for collagen I characterization in rectal cancer patients with and without preoperative radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-6. [PMID: 29019178 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.10.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rectal cancer is treated with preoperative radiotherapy (RT) to downstage the tumor, reduce local recurrence, and improve patient survival. Still, the treatment outcome varies significantly and new biomarkers are desired. Collagen I (Col-I) is a potential biomarker, which can be visualized label-free by second harmonic generation (SHG). Here, we used SHG to identify Col-I changes induced by RT in surgical tissue, with the aim to evaluate the clinical significance of RT-induced Col-I changes. First, we established a procedure for quantitative evaluation of Col-I by SHG in CDX2-stained tissue sections. Next, we evaluated Col-I properties in material from 31 non-RT and 29 RT rectal cancer patients. We discovered that the Col-I intensity and anisotropy were higher in the tumor invasive margin than in the inner tumor and normal mucosa, and RT increased and decreased the intensity in inner tumor and normal mucosa, respectively. Furthermore, higher Col-I intensity in the inner tumor was related to increased distant recurrence in the non-RT group but to longer survival in the RT group. In conclusion, we present a new application of SHG for quantitative analysis of Col-I in surgical material, and the first data suggest Col-I intensity as a putative prognostic biomarker in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Blockhuys
- Linköping University, Department of Oncology, Linköping, Sweden
- Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nisha Rani Agarwal
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Hildesjö
- Linköping University, Department of Oncology, Linköping, Sweden
- Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
- University Hospital of Linköping, Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Linköping University, Department of Oncology, Linköping, Sweden
- Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
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323
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Hu WM, Zhang J, Sun SX, Xi SY, Chen ZJ, Jiang XB, Lin FH, Chen ZH, Chen YS, Wang J, Yang QY, Guo CC, Mou YG, Chen ZP, Zeng J, Sai K. Identification of P4HA1 as a prognostic biomarker for high-grade gliomas. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1365-1369. [PMID: 28964577 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Subunit Alpha 1 (P4HA1) is the active catalytic component of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and plays a crucial role in modulating extracellular matrix hemostasis. P4HA1 has been reported to promote tumor progression by enhancing invasion and angiogenesis. Overexpression of P4HA1 is associated with decreased survival for patients with breast and prostate cancer. However, the prognostic significance of P4HA1 for glioma patients remains undefined. METHODS The expression of P4HA1 in 290 gliomas (WHO grade II-IV) and 10 normal brain tissues was examined with TMA-based immunohistochemistry assay. The correlation between P4HA1 expression and clinicopathological parameters as well as the prognosis of glioma patients was investigated. RESULTS Cytoplasmic expression of P4HA1 is high in 37.93% of all glioma cases, with 44.98% in high-grade gliomas and 19.75% in low-grade gliomas respectively. Increased P4HA1 level was correlated with advanced histological grade (p<0.01) and old age (p=0.01). Upregulation of P4HA1, as well as histological grade, was an independent risk factor for unfavorable prognosis. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that high P4HA1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis for high-grade gliomas (p<0.01) but not for low-grade gliomas. CONCLUSIONS P4HA1 was upregulated in gliomas. High expression of P4HA1 was correlated with the malignancy of gliomas and could serve as a prognostic indicator for patients with high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shu-Xin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shao-Yan Xi
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fu-Hua Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zheng-He Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yin-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qun-Ying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yong-Gao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Lumican delays melanoma growth in mice and drives tumor molecular assembly as well as response to matrix-targeted TAX2 therapeutic peptide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7700. [PMID: 28794454 PMCID: PMC5550434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumican is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) being known as a key regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis. However, little attention has been given so far in studying its influence on tumor-associated matrix architecture. Here, we investigate the role of host lumican on tumor matrix organization as well as on disease progression considering an immunocompetent model of melanoma implanted in Lum -/- vs. wild type syngeneic mice. Conjointly, lumican impact on tumor response to matrix-targeted therapy was evaluated considering a previously validated peptide, namely TAX2, that targets matricellular thrombospondin-1. Analysis of available genomics and proteomics databases for melanoma first established a correlation between lumican expression and patient outcome. In the B16 melanoma allograft model, endogenous lumican inhibits tumor growth and modulates response to TAX2 peptide. Indeed, IHC analyses revealed that lumican deficiency impacts intratumoral distribution of matricellular proteins, growth factor and stromal cells. Besides, innovative imaging approaches helped demonstrating that lumican host expression drives biochemical heterogeneity of s.c. tumors, while modulating intratumoral collagen deposition as well as organization. Altogether, the results obtained present lumican as a strong endogenous inhibitor of tumor growth, while identifying for the first time this proteoglycan as a major driver of tumor matrix coherent assembly.
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325
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Cissell DD, Link JM, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. A Modified Hydroxyproline Assay Based on Hydrochloric Acid in Ehrlich's Solution Accurately Measures Tissue Collagen Content. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:243-250. [PMID: 28406755 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen quantification has long been relevant to biomedical research and clinical practice to characterize tissues and determine disease states. The hydroxyproline assay, while a broadly employed method of quantifying collagen, uses perchloric acid to dissolve Ehrlich's reagent. Since perchloric acid poses occupational safety hazards and high costs, in this study, a new hydroxyproline assay was developed that replaces perchloric acid with a relatively safer and cheaper alternative, hydrochloric acid (HCl). To validate this biochemical technique, first, using either acid to dissolve Ehrlich's reagent, the assays were completed for native and engineered collagenous tissues. No statistical differences were identified between the assays (p = 0.32). Subsequently, both biochemical techniques were compared to amino acid analysis, considered a proteomics gold standard. Interestingly, utilizing HCl in lieu of perchloric acid yielded greater concordance with amino acid analysis (ρc = 0.980) than did the traditional assay (ρc = 0.947); that is, the HCl-based assay more closely estimates hydroxyproline content, and, consequently, true collagen content. Thus, using Ehrlich's reagent containing HCl in the hydroxyproline assay represents an advance in both mitigating laboratory safety hazards and improving biochemical collagen quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek D Cissell
- 1 Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Jarrett M Link
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Jerry C Hu
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California.,3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California , Davis, California
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326
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Wu J, Zhang JR, Jiang XQ, Cao XG. Correlation between secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine protein expression and the prognosis of postoperative patients exhibiting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3401-3406. [PMID: 28713937 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the expression level of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and the prognosis of postoperative patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The expression level of SPARC was detected in the 89 ESCC tissue cases and 100 healthy esophageal mucosa cases, which served as the controls. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) were employed to evaluate the SPARC expression in cases with ESCC. RT‑PCR demonstrated that the positive rates of SPARC mRNA expression in ESCC were 71.91% (64/89). The positive rates of normal esophageal mucosa mRNA expression were 15.00% (15/100), which were significantly lower than that in the ESCC tissue samples. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive expression rate of SPARC protein in the ESCC tissue samples was significantly higher than that in the esophageal mucosa tissue samples (65.17 vs. 8.00%; P<0.001). The expression of SPARC protein was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), which was not associated with the pathologic gross morphology, tumor differentiation degree or other clinical features. The survival of patients with ESCC was not associated with the expression level of SPARC protein (P>0.05), but was associated with the tumor location (P<0.05), differentiation (P<0.001) and staging (P<0.05). Thus, SPARC mRNA and protein were highly expressed in ESCC, and negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, which was not associated with postoperative survival of ESCC patients. Thus, detection of SPARC mRNA and protein expression levels may facilitate early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Rong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Dafeng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224100, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qiu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Dafeng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224100, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Guang Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China
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327
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Abstract
Hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide and dominant form of primary liver cancer. However, the reason behind a steady increase in the incidence of this form of cancer remains elusive. Glycation has been reported to play a significant role in the induction of several chronic diseases including cancer. Several risk factors that could induce HCC have been reported in the literature. Deciphering the complex patho-physiology associated with HCC is expected to provide new targets for the early detection, prevention, progression and recurrence. Even-though, some of the causative aspects of HCC is known, the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) related mechanism still needs further research. In the current manuscript, we have tried to uncover the possible role of glycation in the induction of HCC. In the light of the available scientific literature, we advocate in-depth comprehensive studies which will shed light towards mechanistic association of glycation with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226021, India
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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328
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Hong Y, Kim N, Li C, Jeong E, Yoon S. Patient sample-oriented analysis of gene expression highlights extracellular signatures in breast cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:307-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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329
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Goodwin TJ, Huang L. Investigation of phosphorylated adjuvants co-encapsulated with a model cancer peptide antigen for the treatment of colorectal cancer and liver metastasis. Vaccine 2017; 35:2550-2557. [PMID: 28385609 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticle is a versatile platform capable of encapsulating a wide range of phosphorylated molecules from single nucleotides to pDNA. The use of this platform has shown great success as an immunotherapeutic vaccine carrier, capable of delivering co-encapsulated phosphorylated adjuvants and peptides. Three potent vaccine formulations were investigated for anti-cancer efficacy. The phosphorylated adjuvants, CpG, 2'3'cGAMP, and 5'pppdsRNA were co-encapsulated with a model phosphorylated tumor specific peptide antigen (p-AH1-A5). The anti-cancer efficacy of these adjuvants was assessed using an orthotopic colorectal liver metastasis model based on highly aggressive and metastatic CT-26 FL3 cells implanted into the cecum wall. The results clearly indicate that the RIG-1 ligand, 5'pppdsRNA, co-encapsulated with the p-AH1-A5 peptide antigen greatly reduced the growth rate of the primary colon cancer as well as arrested the establishment of liver metastasis in comparison to the other adjuvant formulations and unvaccinated controls. Further evaluation of the immune cell populations within the primary tumor confirms the ability of the 5'pppdsRNA adjuvant to boost the adaptive CD8+ T-cell population, while not inciting increased populations of immune suppressive cell types such as T-regulatory cells or myeloid derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, to our knowledge this is the first study to investigate the anti-cancer efficacy of a specific RIG-1 receptor ligand, 5'pppdsRNA, alongside more established TLR 9 (CpG) and STING (2'3'cGAMP) adjuvants in a cancer vaccine. The 5'pppdsRNA vaccine formulation can be a potent immunotherapy, especially when combined with agents that remodel the immune suppressive microenvironment of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Goodwin
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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330
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Zhou Z, Lu ZR. Molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:24-48. [PMID: 27497513 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. It is different from normal tissue in the extracellular matrix, vascular and lymphatic networks, as well as physiologic conditions. Molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment provides a better understanding of its function in cancer biology, and thus allowing for the design of new diagnostics and therapeutics for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. The clinical translation of cancer molecular imaging is often hampered by the high cost of commercialization of targeted imaging agents as well as the limited clinical applications and small market size of some of the agents. Because many different cancer types share similar tumor microenvironment features, the ability to target these biomarkers has the potential to provide clinically translatable molecular imaging technologies for a spectrum of cancers and broad clinical applications. There has been significant progress in targeting the tumor microenvironment for cancer molecular imaging. In this review, we summarize the principles and strategies of recent advances made in molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment, using various imaging modalities for early detection and diagnosis of cancer.
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331
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Acevedo-Jake AM, Ngo DH, Hartgerink JD. Control of Collagen Triple Helix Stability by Phosphorylation. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1157-1161. [PMID: 28282118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of the collagen triple helix plays an important role in collagen synthesis, assembly, signaling, and immune response, although no reports detailing the effect this modification has on the structure and stability of the triple helix exist. Here we investigate the changes in stability and structure resulting from the phosphorylation of collagen. Additionally, the formation of pairwise interactions between phosphorylated residues and lysine is examined. In all tested cases, phosphorylation increases helix stability. When charged-pair interactions are possible, stabilization via phosphorylation can play a very large role, resulting inasmuch as a 13.0 °C increase in triple helix stability. Two-dimensional NMR and molecular modeling are used to study the local structure of the triple helix. Our results suggest a mechanism of action for phosphorylation in the regulation of collagen and also expand upon our understanding of pairwise amino acid stabilization of the collagen triple helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Acevedo-Jake
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Daniel H Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Hartgerink
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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332
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Anggorowati N, Ratna Kurniasari C, Damayanti K, Cahyanti T, Widodo I, Ghozali A, Romi MM, Sari DCR, Arfian N. Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of α-SMA, Collagen, and PCNA in Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasm. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:667-671. [PMID: 28440973 PMCID: PMC5464482 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is an isoform of actin, positive in myofibroblasts and is an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker. EMT is a process by which tumor cells develop to be more hostile and able to metastasize. Progression of tumor cells is always followed by cell composition and extracellular matrix component alteration. Increased α-SMA expression and collagen alteration may predict the progressivity of ovarian neoplasms. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyse the characteristic of α-SMA and collagen in tumor cells and stroma of ovarian neoplasms. In this study, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression was also investigated. Methods: Thirty samples were collected including serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell subtypes. The expression of α-SMA and PCNA were calculated in cells and stroma of ovarian tumors. Collagen was detected using Sirius Red staining and presented as area fraction. Results: The overexpressions of α-SMA in tumor cells were only detected in serous and clear cell ovarian carcinoma. The histoscore of α-SMA was higher in malignant than in benign or borderline ovarian epithelial neoplasms (105.3±129.9 vs. 17.3±17.1, P=0.011; mean±SD). Oppositely, stromal α-SMA and collagen area fractions were higher in benign than in malignant tumors (27.2±6.6 vs 20.5±8.4, P=0.028; 31.0±5.6 vs. 23.7±6.4, P=0.04). The percentages of epithelial and stromal PCNA expressions were not significantly different between benign and malignant tumors. Conclusion: Tumor cells of serous and clear cell ovarian carcinoma exhibit mesenchymal characteristic as shown by α-SMA positive expression. This expression might indicate that these subtypes were more aggressive. This research showed that collagen and α-SMA area fractions in stroma were higher in benign than in malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nungki Anggorowati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
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333
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PPAR Agonists for the Prevention and Treatment of Lung Cancer. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:8252796. [PMID: 28316613 PMCID: PMC5337885 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8252796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common and most fatal of all malignancies worldwide. Furthermore, with more than half of all lung cancer patients presenting with distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis, the overall prognosis for the disease is poor. There is thus a desperate need for new prevention and treatment strategies. Recently, a family of nuclear hormone receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), has attracted significant attention for its role in various malignancies including lung cancer. Three PPARs, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, display distinct biological activities and varied influences on lung cancer biology. PPARα activation generally inhibits tumorigenesis through its antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. Activated PPARγ is also antitumorigenic and antimetastatic, regulating several functions of cancer cells and controlling the tumor microenvironment. Unlike PPARα and PPARγ, whether PPARβ/δ activation is anti- or protumorigenic or even inconsequential currently remains an open question that requires additional investigation. This review of current literature emphasizes the multifaceted effects of PPAR agonists in lung cancer and discusses how they may be applied as novel therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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334
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Stéphanou A, Lesart AC, Deverchère J, Juhem A, Popov A, Estève F. How tumour-induced vascular changes alter angiogenesis: Insights from a computational model. J Theor Biol 2017; 419:211-226. [PMID: 28223171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A computational model was developed to describe experimentally observed vascular changes induced by the introduction of a tumour on a mouse equipped with a dorsal skinfold chamber. The vascular structure of the host tissue was segmented from in vivo images and transposed into the computational framework. Simulations of tumour-induced vascular changes were performed and include the destabilizing effects of the growth factor VEGF on the integrity of the vessels walls. The integration of those effects, that include alteration of the vessel wall elasticity and wall breaching, were required to realistically reproduce the experimental observations. The model was then used to investigate the importance of the vascular changes for oxygen delivery and tumour development. To that end, we compared simulations obtained with a dynamic vasculature with those obtained with a static one. The results showed that the tumour growth was strongly impeded by the constant vascular changes. More precisely, it is the angiogenic process itself that was affected by vascular changes occurring in bigger upstream vessels and resulting in a less efficient angiogenic network for oxygen delivery. As a consequence, tumour cells are mostly kept in a non-proliferative hypoxic state. Tumour dormancy thus appears as one potential consequence of the intense vascular changes in the host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stéphanou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratory TIMC-IMAG/DyCTIM2, UMR 5525, 38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - A C Lesart
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratory TIMC-IMAG/DyCTIM2, UMR 5525, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - J Deverchère
- Ecrins Therapeutics, BIOPOLIS, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - A Juhem
- Ecrins Therapeutics, BIOPOLIS, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - A Popov
- Ecrins Therapeutics, BIOPOLIS, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - F Estève
- Université Grenoble Alpes, EA 7442 RSRM, ID17-ESRF, 38000 Grenoble, France
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335
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Thompson C, Rahim S, Arnold J, Hielscher A. Loss of caveolin-1 alters extracellular matrix protein expression and ductal architecture in murine mammary glands. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172067. [PMID: 28187162 PMCID: PMC5302825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is abnormal in breast tumors and has been reported to contribute to breast tumor progression. One factor, which may drive ongoing matrix synthesis in breast tumors, is the loss of stromal caveolin-1 (cav-1), a scaffolding protein of caveolae, which has been linked to breast tumor aggressiveness. To determine whether loss of cav-1 results in the abnormal expression of matrix proteins, mammary glands from cav- 1-/- and cav- 1 +/+ mice were investigated for differences in expression of several ECM proteins. In addition, the presence of myofibroblasts, changes in the vessel density, and differences in duct number and size were assessed in the mammary glands of both animal models. Using immunohistochemistry, expression of fibronectin, tenascin-C, collagens and αSMA were significantly increased in the mammary glands of cav-1-/- mice. Second harmonic generation revealed more organized collagen fibers in cav-1 -/- glands and supported immunohistochemical analyses of increased collagen abundance in the glands of cav-1 -/- mice. Analysis of the ductal structure demonstrated a significant increase in the number of proliferating ducts in addition to significant increases in the duct circumference and area in cav-1 -/- glands compared to cav- 1 +/+ glands. Differences in microvessel density weren't apparent between the animal models. In summary, we found that the loss of cav-1 resulted in increased ECM and α-SMA protein expression in murine mammary glands. Furthermore, we found that an abnormal ductal architecture accompanied the loss of cav-1. These data support a role for cav-1 in maintaining mammary gland structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia-Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sahar Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia-Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia-Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Abigail Hielscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia-Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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336
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Quantifying tumor associated macrophages in breast cancer: a comparison of iron and fluorine-based MRI cell tracking. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42109. [PMID: 28176853 PMCID: PMC5296729 DOI: 10.1038/srep42109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with tumor growth and metastasis. MRI can detect TAMs labeled with iron oxide (USPIO) or perfluorocarbon (PFC) agents. This study compared these two cell tracking approaches for imaging TAMs in vivo. 4T1 tumors were imaged with MRI at 4 days or 3 weeks post cell implantation after intravenous (i.v.) administration of either USPIO or PFC. Signal loss was detected within tumors at both time points post USPIO. Images acquired at 4 days demonstrated signal loss encompassing the entire tumor and around the periphery at 3 weeks. Number of black voxels suggested higher numbers of TAMs in the tumor at the later time point. After PFC administration, Fluorine-19 (19F) signal was detected in a similar spatial distribution as signal loss post USPIO. 19F signal quantification revealed that the number of 19F spins was not significantly different at the two time points, suggesting a similar number of TAMs were present in tumors but accumulated in different regions. 19F signal was higher centrally in tumors at 4 days and heterogenous around the periphery at 3 weeks. This study revealed that 19F-based cell tracking methods better represent TAM density and provides additional information not achievable with iron-based methods.
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337
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Coelho NM, Arora PD, van Putten S, Boo S, Petrovic P, Lin AX, Hinz B, McCulloch CA. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Mediates Myosin-Dependent Collagen Contraction. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1774-1790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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338
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Shimolina LE, Izquierdo MA, López-Duarte I, Bull JA, Shirmanova MV, Klapshina LG, Zagaynova EV, Kuimova MK. Imaging tumor microscopic viscosity in vivo using molecular rotors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41097. [PMID: 28134273 PMCID: PMC5278387 DOI: 10.1038/srep41097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The microscopic viscosity plays an essential role in cellular biophysics by controlling the rates of diffusion and bimolecular reactions within the cell interior. While several approaches have emerged that have allowed the measurement of viscosity and diffusion on a single cell level in vitro, the in vivo viscosity monitoring has not yet been realized. Here we report the use of fluorescent molecular rotors in combination with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) to image microscopic viscosity in vivo, both on a single cell level and in connecting tissues of subcutaneous tumors in mice. We find that viscosities recorded from single tumor cells in vivo correlate well with the in vitro values from the same cancer cell line. Importantly, our new method allows both imaging and dynamic monitoring of viscosity changes in real time in live animals and thus it is particularly suitable for diagnostics and monitoring of the progress of treatments that might be accompanied by changes in microscopic viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov’ E. Shimolina
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Square, 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarin Avenue, 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | | | - Ismael López-Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marina V. Shirmanova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Square, 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Larisa G. Klapshina
- Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, Tropinina Street, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Elena V. Zagaynova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Square, 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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339
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Jones-Paris CR, Paria S, Berg T, Saus J, Bhave G, Paria BC, Hudson BG. Embryo implantation triggers dynamic spatiotemporal expression of the basement membrane toolkit during uterine reprogramming. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:347-365. [PMID: 27619726 PMCID: PMC5328942 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized extracellular scaffolds that influence behaviors of cells in epithelial, endothelial, muscle, nervous, and fat tissues. Throughout development and in response to injury or disease, BMs are fine-tuned with specific protein compositions, ultrastructure, and localization. These features are modulated through implements of the BM toolkit that is comprised of collagen IV, laminin, perlecan, and nidogen. Two additional proteins, peroxidasin and Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP), have recently emerged as potential members of the toolkit. In the present study, we sought to determine whether peroxidasin and GPBP undergo dynamic regulation in the assembly of uterine tissue BMs in early pregnancy as a tractable model for dynamic adult BMs. We explored these proteins in the context of collagen IV and laminin that are known to extensively change for decidualization. Electron microscopic analyses revealed: 1) a smooth continuous layer of BM in between the epithelial and stromal layers of the preimplantation endometrium; and 2) interrupted, uneven, and progressively thickened BM within the pericellular space of the postimplantation decidua. Quantification of mRNA levels by qPCR showed changes in expression levels that were complemented by immunofluorescence localization of peroxidasin, GPBP, collagen IV, and laminin. Novel BM-associated and subcellular spatiotemporal localization patterns of the four components suggest both collective pericellular functions and distinct functions in the uterus during reprogramming for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestial R Jones-Paris
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sayan Paria
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Taloa Berg
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Juan Saus
- Valencia University Medical School, Valencia, Spain; Fibrostatin, SL, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bibhash C Paria
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Valencia University Medical School, Valencia, Spain; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Nashville, TN, United States.
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340
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Towards the Design of a Patient-Specific Virtual Tumour. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7851789. [PMID: 28096895 PMCID: PMC5206790 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7851789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The design of a patient-specific virtual tumour is an important step towards Personalized Medicine. However this requires to capture the description of many key events of tumour development, including angiogenesis, matrix remodelling, hypoxia, and cell state heterogeneity that will all influence the tumour growth kinetics and degree of tumour invasiveness. To that end, an integrated hybrid and multiscale approach has been developed based on data acquired on a preclinical mouse model as a proof of concept. Fluorescence imaging is exploited to build case-specific virtual tumours. Numerical simulations show that the virtual tumour matches the characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution of its real counterpart. We achieved this by combining image analysis and physiological modelling to accurately described the evolution of different tumour cases over a month. The development of such models is essential since a dedicated virtual tumour would be the perfect tool to identify the optimum therapeutic strategies that would make Personalized Medicine truly reachable and achievable.
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341
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Xia T, He Q, Shi K, Wang Y, Yu Q, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Gao H, Ma L, Liu J. Losartan loaded liposomes improve the antitumor efficacy of liposomal paclitaxel modified with pH sensitive peptides by inhibition of collagen in breast cancer. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 23:13-21. [PMID: 27884084 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1265553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dense collagen network in tumors restricts the penetration of drugs into tumors. Free losartan could inhibit collagen, but it would cause hypotension at the dosage of 10 mg/kg/d. In this study, losartan was encapsulated in liposomes (LST-Lip) and the collagen inhibition ability of LST-Lip was investigated. Our results showed the blood pressure was not affected by LST-Lip at the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg every other day. The amount of Evans Blue in tumor in LST-Lip group was 1.98 times of that in control group. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that prior injection of LST-Lip could inhibit collagen and further improve the tumorous accumulation of liposomes modified with TH peptides (AGYLLGHINLHHLAHL(Aib)HHIL-NH2) (TH-Lip) in 4T1 tumors. Compared with control group, the tumor inhibition rate of combined strategy of LST-Lip and paclitaxel loaded TH-Lip (PTX-TH-Lip) was 41.73%, while that of group only treated with PTX-TH-Lip was 14.94%. Masson's trichrome staining confirmed that collagen was inhibited in LST-Lip group. Thus, the administration of LST-Lip in advance could inhibit the collagen in tumors effectively and did not affect the blood pressure, then PTX-TH-Lip injected subsequently could exert enhanced antitumor efficacy. In conclusion, this combined strategy might be promising for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Xia
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Qin He
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Kairong Shi
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Yu
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Huile Gao
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Ma
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Liu
- c West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
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342
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Thangavelu PU, Krenács T, Dray E, Duijf PHG. In epithelial cancers, aberrant COL17A1 promoter methylation predicts its misexpression and increased invasion. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:120. [PMID: 27891193 PMCID: PMC5116176 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is a leading cause of death among cancer patients. In the tumor microenvironment, altered levels of extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens, can facilitate the first steps of cancer cell metastasis, including invasion into surrounding tissue and intravasation into the blood stream. However, the degree of misexpression of collagen genes in tumors remains understudied, even though this knowledge could greatly facilitate the development of cancer treatment options aimed at preventing metastasis. METHODS We systematically evaluate the expression of all 44 collagen genes in breast cancer and assess whether their misexpression provides clinical prognostic significance. We use immunohistochemistry on 150 ductal breast cancers and 361 cervical cancers and study DNA methylation in various epithelial cancers. RESULTS In breast cancer, various tests show that COL4A1 and COL4A2 overexpression and COL17A1 (BP180, BPAG2) underexpression provide independent prognostic strength (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.17-1.34, p = 3.03 × 10-10; HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11-1.25, p = 8.11 × 10-10; HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.81-0.92, p = 4.57 × 10-6; respectively). Immunohistochemistry on ductal breast cancers confirmed that the COL17A1 protein product, collagen XVII, is underexpressed. This strongly correlates with advanced stage, increased invasion, and postmenopausal status. In contrast, immunohistochemistry on cervical tumors showed that collagen XVII is overexpressed in cervical cancer and this is associated with increased local dissemination. Interestingly, consistent with the opposed direction of misexpression in these cancers, the COL17A1 promoter is hypermethylated in breast cancer and hypomethylated in cervical cancer. We also find that the COL17A1 promoter is hypomethylated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma, in all of which collagen XVII overexpression has previously been shown. CONCLUSIONS Paradoxically, collagen XVII is underexpressed in breast cancer and overexpressed in cervical and other epithelial cancers. However, the COL17A1 promoter methylation status accurately predicts both the direction of misexpression and the increased invasive nature for five out of five epithelial cancers. This implies that aberrant epigenetic control is a key driver of COL17A1 gene misexpression and tumor cell invasion. These findings have significant clinical implications, suggesting that the COL17A1 promoter methylation status can be used to predict patient outcome. Moreover, epigenetic targeting of COL17A1 could represent a novel strategy to prevent metastasis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulari U. Thangavelu
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University and MTA-SE Cancer Progression Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eloise Dray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102 Australia
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343
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Gene expression profiling of breast cancer in Lebanese women. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36639. [PMID: 27857161 PMCID: PMC5114572 DOI: 10.1038/srep36639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is commonest cancer in women worldwide. Elucidation of underlying biology and molecular pathways is necessary for improving therapeutic options and clinical outcomes. Molecular alterations in breast cancer are complex and involve cross-talk between multiple signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to extract a unique mRNA fingerprint of breast cancer in Lebanese women using microarray technologies. Gene-expression profiles of 94 fresh breast tissue samples (84 cancerous/10 non-tumor adjacent samples) were analyzed using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to validate candidate genes. Differentially expressed genes between breast cancer and non-tumor tissues were screened. Significant differences in gene expression were established for COL11A1/COL10A1/MMP1/COL6A6/DLK1/S100P/CXCL11/SOX11/LEP/ADIPOQ/OXTR/FOSL1/ACSBG1 and C21orf37. Pathways/diseases representing these genes were retrieved and linked using PANTHER®/Pathway Studio®. Many of the deregulated genes are associated with extracellular matrix, inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, differentiation, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Characteristics of breast cancers in Lebanese were compared to those of women from Western populations to explain why breast cancer is more aggressive and presents a decade earlier in Lebanese victims. Delineating molecular mechanisms of breast cancer in Lebanese women led to key genes which could serve as potential biomarkers and/or novel drug targets for breast cancer.
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344
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Sekar V, Anandasadagopan SK, Ganapasam S. Genistein regulates tumor microenvironment and exhibits anticancer effect in dimethyl hydrazine-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. Biofactors 2016; 42:623-637. [PMID: 27255553 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, worldwide. Cancer stem cells are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions since their abnormal growth may trigger tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. Colon cancer in rats were induced with 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) and treated with genistein, an isoflavone rich in the soy food products, which also possesses various biological activities. Genistein treatment regulates enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants in the DMH-induced colonic tissue microenvironment. Alcian blue staining in colonic tissue reveals that mucin secretion was found to be depleted in DMH-induced group of animals. The alterations were normalized in the genistein-treated groups. Also, the mast cell population and collagen deposition were reduced as compared to induced group. Genistein treatment reduces the prognostic marker Argyrophilic nuclear organizer region (AgNOR) and proliferating cell nucleolar antigen (PCNA) in DMH-induced group of rats. DMH administration induces oxidative stress, whereas genistein activates nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and its downstream target hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Colonic stem cell marker protein CD133, CD44, and β-catenin expressions were found to be increased in DMH-induced group of animals as compared to control group of rats. Genistein treatment suppressed the expression of these stem cell markers suggesting rapid dysfunctional activation and proliferation of colonic stem cell-induced by DMH. The results of this study indicate that genistein administration in rats restored the colonic niche that was damaged by DMH and inhibits colon cancer progression. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):623-637, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Sekar
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan
- Biological sciences, Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Sudhandiran Ganapasam
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
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345
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Abstract
Based on the histological features and outcome, the current WHO classification separates thymomas into A, AB, B1, B2 and B3 subtypes. It is hypothesized that the type A thymomas are derived from the thymic medulla while the type B thymomas are derived from the cortex. Due to occasional histological overlap between the tumor subtypes creating difficulties in their separation, the aim of this study was to provide their proteomic characterization and identify potential immunohistochemical markers aiding in tissue diagnosis. Pair-wise comparison of neoplastic and normal thymus by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue revealed 61 proteins differentially expressed in thymomas compared to normal tissue. Hierarchical clustering showed distinct segregation of subtypes AB, B1 and B2 from that of A and B3. Most notably, desmoyokin, a protein that is encoded by the AHNAK gene, was associated with type A thymomas and medulla of normal thymus, by LC-MS/MS and immunohistochemistry. In this global proteomic characterization of the thymoma, several proteins unique to different thymic compartments and thymoma subtypes were identified. Among differentially expressed proteins, desmoyokin is a marker specific for thymic medulla and is potentially promising immunohistochemical marker in separation of type A and B3 thymomas.
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346
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Craven KE, Gore J, Wilson JL, Korc M. Angiogenic gene signature in human pancreatic cancer correlates with TGF-beta and inflammatory transcriptomes. Oncotarget 2016; 7:323-41. [PMID: 26586478 PMCID: PMC4808001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are hypovascular, but overexpress pro-angiogenic factors and exhibit regions of microvasculature. Using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we previously reported that ∼12% of PDACs have an angiogenesis gene signature with increased expression of multiple pro-angiogenic genes. By analyzing the recently expanded TCGA dataset, we now report that this signature is present in ∼35% of PDACs but that it is mostly distinct from an angiogenesis signature present in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). These PDACs exhibit a transcriptome that reflects active TGF-β signaling, and up-regulation of several pro-inflammatory genes, and many members of JAK signaling pathways. Moreover, expression of SMAD4 and HDAC9 correlates with endothelial cell abundance in PDAC tissues. Concomitantly targeting the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) kinase with SB505124 and JAK1-2 with ruxolitinib suppresses JAK1 phosphorylation and blocks proliferative cross-talk between human pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and human endothelial cells (ECs), and these anti-proliferative effects were mimicked by JAK1 silencing in ECs. By contrast, either inhibitor alone does not suppress their enhanced proliferation in 3D co-cultures. These findings suggest that targeting both TGF-β and JAK1 signaling could be explored therapeutically in the 35% of PDAC patients whose cancers exhibit an angiogenesis gene signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Craven
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jesse Gore
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,The Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center at Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Julie L Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,The Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center at Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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347
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Allaoui R, Bergenfelz C, Mohlin S, Hagerling C, Salari K, Werb Z, Anderson RL, Ethier SP, Jirström K, Påhlman S, Bexell D, Tahin B, Johansson ME, Larsson C, Leandersson K. Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted CXCL16 attracts monocytes to promote stroma activation in triple-negative breast cancers. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13050. [PMID: 27725631 PMCID: PMC5062608 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative (TN) breast cancers (ER−PR−HER2−) are highly metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Within this subtype, invasive, stroma-rich tumours with infiltration of inflammatory cells are even more aggressive. The effect of myeloid cells on reactive stroma formation in TN breast cancer is largely unknown. Here, we show that primary human monocytes have a survival advantage, proliferate in vivo and develop into immunosuppressive myeloid cells expressing the myeloid-derived suppressor cell marker S100A9 only in a TN breast cancer environment. This results in activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and expression of CXCL16, which we show to be a monocyte chemoattractant. We propose that this migratory feedback loop amplifies the formation of a reactive stroma, contributing to the aggressive phenotype of TN breast tumours. These insights could help select more suitable therapies targeting the stromal component of these tumours, and could aid prediction of drug resistance. A reactive tumour stroma is associated with poor prognosis. Here, the authors show that in patients with triple negative breast cancer resident monocytes activate cancer-associated fibroblasts and induce production of CXCL16, which acts as a monocyte chemoattractant, resulting in an amplificatory feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Allaoui
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cancer Immunology, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Caroline Bergenfelz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cancer Immunology, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Sofie Mohlin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 223 63, Sweden
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cancer Immunology, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
| | - Kiarash Salari
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 8006, Australia
| | - Stephen P Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 223 63, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 223 63, Sweden
| | - Balázs Tahin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Martin E Johansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cancer Immunology, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Christer Larsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 223 63, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cancer Immunology, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
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348
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Abstract
In this work, we constructed a Collagen I-Matrigel composite extracellular matrix (ECM). The composite ECM was used to determine the influence of the local collagen fiber orientation on the collective intravasation ability of tumor cells. We found that the local fiber alignment enhanced cell-ECM interactions. Specifically, metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells followed the local fiber alignment direction during the intravasation into rigid Matrigel (∼10 mg/mL protein concentration).
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349
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Cao Z, Zhang S. An integrative and comparative study of pan-cancer transcriptomes reveals distinct cancer common and specific signatures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33398. [PMID: 27633916 PMCID: PMC5025752 DOI: 10.1038/srep33398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the commonalities and specificities across tumor lineages, we perform a systematic pan-cancer transcriptomic study across 6744 specimens. We find six pan-cancer subnetwork signatures which relate to cell cycle, immune response, Sp1 regulation, collagen, muscle system and angiogenesis. Moreover, four pan-cancer subnetwork signatures demonstrate strong prognostic potential. We also characterize 16 cancer type-specific subnetwork signatures which show diverse implications to somatic mutations, somatic copy number aberrations, DNA methylation alterations and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, some of them are strongly correlated with histological or molecular subtypes, indicating their implications with tumor heterogeneity. In summary, we systematically explore the pan-cancer common and cancer type-specific gene subnetwork signatures across multiple cancers, and reveal distinct commonalities and specificities among cancers at transcriptomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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350
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PPAR γ as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:8972570. [PMID: 27698657 PMCID: PMC5028876 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8972570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, with more than half the patients having advanced-stage disease at the time of initial diagnosis and thus facing a poor prognosis. This dire situation poses a need for new approaches in prevention and treatment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Its involvement in adipocyte differentiation and glucose and lipid homeostasis is well-recognized, but accumulating evidence now suggests that PPARγ may also function as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting development of primary tumors and metastases in lung cancer and other malignancies. Besides having prodifferentiation, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic effects, PPARγ agonists have been shown to prevent cancer cells from acquiring the migratory and invasive capabilities essential for successful metastasis. Angiogenesis and secretion of certain matrix metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix proteins within the tumor microenvironment are also regulated by PPARγ. This review of the current literature highlights the potential of PPARγ agonists as novel therapeutic modalities in lung cancer, either as monotherapy or in combination with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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