301
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Corradetti G, Corvi F, Nguyen TV, Sadda SR. Management of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ophthalmol Retina 2020; 4:757-759. [PMID: 32480013 PMCID: PMC7258853 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corradetti
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Affiliated, Los Angeles, California, United States; Retina Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Stein Eye Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Federico Corvi
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Affiliated, Los Angeles, California, United States; Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tieu Vy Nguyen
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Affiliated, Los Angeles, California, United States; Retina Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Stein Eye Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Affiliated, Los Angeles, California, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States.
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302
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Di Matteo G, Spano M, Grosso M, Salvo A, Ingallina C, Russo M, Ritieni A, Mannina L. Food and COVID-19: Preventive/Co-therapeutic Strategies Explored by Current Clinical Trials and in Silico Studies. Foods 2020; 9:E1036. [PMID: 32752217 PMCID: PMC7466271 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foods, food ingredients, and their balanced consumption are recognized to have an important role in achieving or maintaining a state of wellbeing by acting as carriers of functional components and bioactive molecules. However, the potential contribution of foods to consumers' health has so far only been partially exploited. The rapidly evolving scenario of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is stimulating profound reflection on the relationships between food and the etiological agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, the status of knowledge regarding food as a possible defense/co-therapeutic strategy against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is considered through the discussion of two main current lines of research. One line of research relates to the role of micronutrients, food components, and diets in the strengthening of the immune system through clinical trials; formulations could be developed as immune system enhancers or as co-adjuvants in therapies. The other line of research relates to investigation of the chemical interactions that specific food compounds can have with host or virus targets so as to interfere with the viral infective cycle of SARS-CoV-2. This line requires, as a first step, an in silico evaluation to discover lead compounds, which may be further developed through drug-design studies, in vitro and in vivo tests, and, finally, clinical trials to obtain therapeutic molecules. All of these promising strategies promote the role of food in preventive/co-therapeutic strategies to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Mattia Spano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair of Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (C.I.); (L.M.)
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303
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Mahmoud DB, Shitu Z, Mostafa A. Drug repurposing of nitazoxanide: can it be an effective therapy for COVID-19? J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:35. [PMID: 32725286 PMCID: PMC7385476 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The current outbreak of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) aggravates serious need for effective therapeutics. Over recent years, drug repurposing has been accomplished as an important opportunity in drug development as it shortens the time consumed for development, besides sparing the cost and the efforts exerted in the research and development process. Main body of the abstract The FDA-approved antiparasitic drug, nitazoxanide (NTZ), has been found to have antiviral activity against different viral infections such as coronaviruses, influenza, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and other viruses signifying its potential as a broad spectrum antiviral drug. Moreover, it has been recently reported that NTZ exhibited in vitro inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 at a small micromolar concentration. Additionally, NTZ suppresses the production of cytokines emphasizing its potential to manage COVID-19-induced cytokine storm. Furthermore, the reported efficacy of NTZ to bronchodilate the extremely contracted airways can be beneficial in alleviating COVID-19-associated symptoms. Short conclusion All these findings, along with the high safety record of the drug, have gained our interest to urge conductance of clinical trials to assess the potential benefits of using it in COVID-19 patients. Thus, in this summarized article, we review the antiviral activities of NTZ and highlight its promising therapeutic actions that make the drug worth clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Zayyanu Shitu
- Hospital Services, Management Board, Ministry of Health, Zamfara State, Gusau, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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304
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Farhat RM, Mousa MA, Daas EJ, Glassberg MK. Treatment of COVID-19: Perspective on Convalescent Plasma Transfusion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:435. [PMID: 32850916 PMCID: PMC7412951 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has continued its global spread since the first documented case in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. With over 10 million cases and 500 thousand deaths reported worldwide, the need for an effective treatment regimen is evident. Historically, convalescent plasma (CP) has been utilized in the treatment of viral respiratory pathogens. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in China and South Korea have been treated with CP given the ineffectiveness of experimental therapies with antivirals alone. This commentary explores the importance of published experience and the pending establishment of efficacy to facilitate an informed decision regarding the therapeutic use of CP. With increasing mortality around the world from COVID-19 infection, the need for alternative, effective treatment regimens is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Farhat
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Mohammad A Mousa
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Eshaan J Daas
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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305
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Abstract
The current global pandemic COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has already inflicted insurmountable damage both to the human lives and global economy. There is an immediate need for identification of effective drugs to contain the disastrous virus outbreak. Global efforts are already underway at a war footing to identify the best drug combination to address the disease. In this review, an attempt has been made to understand the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, and based on this information potential druggable targets against SARS-CoV-2 are summarized. Also, the strategies for ongoing and future drug discovery against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are outlined. Given the urgency to find a definitive cure, ongoing drug repurposing efforts being carried out by various organizations are also described. The unprecedented crisis requires extraordinary efforts from the scientific community to effectively address the issue and prevent further loss of human lives and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrish Saxena
- Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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306
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Benani A, Ben Mkaddem S. Mechanisms Underlying Potential Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1841. [PMID: 32793246 PMCID: PMC7385230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a betacoronavirus, and is associated with cytokine storm inflammation and lung injury, leading to respiratory distress. The transmission of the virus is mediated by human contact. To control and prevent the spread of this virus, the majority of people worldwide are facing quarantine; patients are being subjected to non-specific treatments under isolation. To prevent and stop the COVID-19 pandemic, several clinical trials are in the pipeline. The current clinical trials either target the intracellular replication and spread of the virus or the cytokine storm inflammation seen in COVID-19 cases during the later stages of the disease. Since both targeting strategies are different, the window drug administration plays a crucial role in the efficacy of the treatment. Here, we review the mechanism underlying SARS-CoV-2 cell infection and potential future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelouaheb Benani
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sanae Ben Mkaddem
- U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bobigny, France.,UFR SMBH, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
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307
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Dzingirai B, Matyanga CMJ, Mudzviti T, Siyawamwaya M, Tagwireyi D. Risks to the community pharmacists and pharmacy personnel during COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from a low-income country. J Pharm Policy Pract 2020; 13:42. [PMID: 32724658 PMCID: PMC7360895 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has become a global pandemic. COVID-19 is spreading in Africa, and Zimbabwe has not been spared. The cases in Zimbabwe are mainly from imported cases due to high volume of travellers from the COVID-19 hotspots. In Zimbabwe, local transmission is also anticipated due to inter- and intracity travelling. Frontline health workers are at risk of infection due to contact with infected people as they discharge their duties. In this setting, the risk to community pharmacists and pharmacy personnel is poorly understood and characterised. This paper looked at the risks of infection that are peculiar to community pharmacy personnel and suggested some recommendations to reduce the risk to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Dzingirai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Institute of Science in Healthy Aging & Healthcare (SHARE), University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C. M. J. Matyanga
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - T. Mudzviti
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - M. Siyawamwaya
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - D. Tagwireyi
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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308
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Ahsan W, Alhazmi HA, Patel KS, Mangla B, Al Bratty M, Javed S, Najmi A, Sultan MH, Makeen HA, Khalid A, Mohan S, Taha MME, Sultana S. Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Prospective Drug Therapy of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2020; 8:384. [PMID: 32754570 PMCID: PMC7381292 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously called 2019 novel CoV, emerged from China in late December 2019. This virus causes CoV disease-19 (COVID-19), which has been proven a global pandemic leading to a major outbreak. As of June 19, 2020, the data from the World Health Organization (WHO) showed more than 8.7 million confirmed cases in over 200 countries/regions. The WHO has declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. CoVs cause illnesses that range in severity from the common cold to severe respiratory illnesses and death. Nevertheless, with technological advances and imperative lessons gained from prior outbreaks, humankind is better outfitted to deal with the latest emerging group of CoVs. Studies on the development of in vitro diagnostic tests, vaccines, and drug re-purposing are being carried out in this field. Currently, no approved treatment is available for SARS-CoV-2 given the lack of evidence. The results from preliminary clinical trials have been mixed as far as improvement in the clinical condition and reduction in the duration of treatment are concerned. A number of new clinical trials are currently in progress to test the efficacy and safety of various approved drugs. This review focuses on recent advancements in the field of development of diagnostic tests, vaccines, and treatment approaches for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Singh Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, NRI Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hadi Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. E. Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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309
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Chakravarty D, Nair SS, Hammouda N, Ratnani P, Gharib Y, Wagaskar V, Mohamed N, Lundon D, Dovey Z, Kyprianou N, Tewari AK. Sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the potential link to prostate cancer. Commun Biol 2020; 3:374. [PMID: 32641750 PMCID: PMC7343823 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of infections and the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 represent one of the most severe threats to human health in more than a century. Emerging data from the United States and elsewhere suggest that the disease is more severe in men. Knowledge gained, and lessons learned, from studies of the biological interactions and molecular links that may explain the reasons for the greater severity of disease in men, and specifically in the age group at risk for prostate cancer, will lead to better management of COVID-19 in prostate cancer patients. Such information will be indispensable in the current and post-pandemic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chakravarty
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Sujit S Nair
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Nada Hammouda
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Parita Ratnani
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yasmine Gharib
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vinayak Wagaskar
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nihal Mohamed
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dara Lundon
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zachary Dovey
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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310
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Ferreira LMR, Mostajo-Radji MA. Plasma-based COVID-19 treatments in low- and middle-income nations pose a high risk of an HIV epidemic. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:58. [PMID: 32655899 PMCID: PMC7338534 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Convalescent plasma therapy holds promise as a transient treatment for COVID-19. Yet, blood products are important sources of HIV infection in low- and middle-income nations. Great care must be taken to prevent plasma therapy from fueling HIV epidemics in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M R Ferreira
- Clubes de Ciencia Bolivia Foundation, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.,Ajax Biomedical Foundation, Newton, MA 02458 USA
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- Clubes de Ciencia Bolivia Foundation, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.,Embassy of Science, Technology and Innovation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia.,Permanent Mission of Bolivia to the United Nations, New York, NY 10017 USA
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311
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Isidori AM, Giannetta E, Pofi R, Venneri MA, Gianfrilli D, Campolo F, Mastroianni CM, Lenzi A, d'Ettorre G. Targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection. The DEDALO project. Andrology 2020; 9:33-38. [PMID: 32526061 PMCID: PMC7307129 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background A pandemic outbreak of COVID‐19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, “cytokines storm,” that causes the systemic complications of COVID‐19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability. Objectives Numerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)‐cyclic GMP‐phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low‐grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti‐inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID‐19 disease. Materials and methods We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO‐cGMP‐PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID‐19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own “silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID‐19 (DEDALO trial).” Results The reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID‐19 by (i) counteracting the Ang‐II‐mediated downregulation of AT‐1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage‐necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications. Discussion and Conclusion If the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID‐19 in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mary A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Rome, Italy
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312
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Singh H, Kakkar AK, Chauhan P. Repurposing minocycline for COVID-19 management: mechanisms, opportunities, and challenges. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:997-1003. [PMID: 32552044 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1782190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly grown into a public health emergency that has placed the national health systems as well as scientific research communities under enormous pressures. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a well-known strategy that seeks to deploy existing licensed drugs for newer indications and provides the quickest possible transition from bench to clinics for unmet therapeutic needs. Given the current, urgent, and dire need for effective therapies against novel coronavirus-19, this approach is particularly appealing. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the significant anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties of minocycline as potential mechanisms for efficacy against the novel coronavirus and highlight the promises and pitfalls of this approach. EXPERT OPINION As compared to other agents being investigated for COVID-19, minocycline offers distinct advantages in terms of potential efficacy in patients with life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and myocardial injury, well-known safety and interaction profile, relatively low costs, and widespread availability. We call upon public and private funders to facilitate urgent and rigorous research efforts before evidence-based recommendations for its widespread use can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital , Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Kakkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India
| | - Prerna Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, India
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313
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Hussain A, Yadav S, Hadda V, Suri TM, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Madan K, Mohan A. Covid-19: a comprehensive review of a formidable foe and the road ahead. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:869-879. [PMID: 32529866 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1782198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the novel beta coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Within a short span, COVID-19 was declared a global public health emergency affecting 214 countries with 5,939,234 confirmed cases and 3,67,255 deaths as of 30 May 2020. With limited knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, no approved treatment or vaccine is available till date. AREAS COVERED We performed a review of literature on PubMed on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 illness including trials of preventive and therapeutic measures. This review presents the basic biology of coronaviruses, epidemiology of COVID-19, clinical presentations, investigational therapies and vaccines, infection prevention and control measures and the lessons from the present pandemic. EXPERT OPINION The scale of the outbreak has brought the governments, health-care professionals, and scientists around the world under tremendous pressure to devise control strategies and develop novel prevention measures. While availability of vaccine for COVID-19 may take time, the disease may be contained through hand hygiene, physical distancing, travel restriction, and aggressive steps such as 'lockdown.' Clinical trials at different phases are ongoing across different countries to expedite the development of effective drugs and vaccine to overcome the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Hussain
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi India
| | - Suniti Yadav
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (Hqrs) , New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Hadda
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi India
| | - Tejas M Suri
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi India
| | - Pawan Tiwari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi India
| | - Karan Madan
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi India
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Factors Associated With Pulmonary Embolism Among Coronavirus Disease 2019 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Study Among 375 Patients. Crit Care Explor 2020; 2:e0166. [PMID: 32766562 PMCID: PMC7339309 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors associated with pulmonary embolism in coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients deserve to be better known. We therefore performed a post hoc analysis from the COronaVirus-Associated DIsease Study (COVADIS) project, a multicenter observational study gathering 21 ICUs from France (n = 12) and Belgium (n = 9). Three-hundred seventy-five consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and positive coronavirus disease 2019 were included in the study. At day 28, 15% were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Known risk factors for pulmonary embolism including cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease were not associated with pulmonary embolism. In the multivariate analysis, younger age (< 65 yr) (odds ratio, 2.14; 1.17-4.03), time between onset of symptoms and antiviral administration greater than or equal to 7 days (odds ratio, 2.39; 1.27-4.73), and use of neuromuscular blockers greater than or equal to 7 days (odds ratio, 1.89; 1.05-3.43) were independently associated with pulmonary embolism. These new findings reinforce the need for prospective studies that will determine the predictors of pulmonary embolism among patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019.
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Abstract
Initially recognized of COVID-19 within the world in 2019, the World Health Organization situational report from May 22nd, 2020, globally, there is a complete of 5,204,508 confirmed cases, with 212 countries being affected by the novel coronavirus. 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is that the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses is enveloped viruses with a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome. The SARS-CoV-2 may be a �-CoV of group 2B there is 70% comparability in genetic sequence to SARS-CoV. The source of the new coronavirus infection has been resolved as bats. With whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 is 96% comparatively at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Mechanisms of transmission are concluded to incorporate contact, droplet, and possibly airborne under certain circumstances supported ancient experiences associated with SARS-CoV outbreaks. Although antiretroviral therapy is being widely used everywhere the globe for such patents, effects at finding a SARS-CoV vaccine haven�t succeeded so far.
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Devi S, Tripathi K, Mukim M, Jain V, Ahmad N, Hasan N, Singh PK, Khalid M. Novel Coronavirus: A Newly Arranged Mini-Review. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v3ispecial-1.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was originally known as a virus that infects animals and rarely can be transmitted to humans in large populations, is now transformed into one of the most feared pandemics causes worldwide. Infection by a virus that is officially known as COVID-19 has caused global concern mainly due to the number of deaths caused. Since it was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, now COVID-19 has spread to almost all parts of the world with a very rapid spread rate. The main symptom of this infection is a respiratory disease accompanied by other symptoms that resemble flu-like illness. Everyone can suffer from COVID-19, but the elderly, toddlers, pregnant women, and people with certain diseases and disorders of the immune system show more severe symptoms. The disease is transmitted through inhalation or contact with droplets, where the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days. Until now, specific therapy to treat COVID-19 has not been found, with preventive measures taken to control its spread. In this mini-review, we will explain important information related to COVID-19.
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318
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Tuberculosis sepsis after tocilizumab treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1493-1494. [PMID: 32512231 PMCID: PMC7274085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lehene M, Fischer-Fodor E, Scurtu F, Hădade ND, Gal E, Mot AC, Matei A, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Excess Ascorbate is a Chemical Stress Agent against Proteins and Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E107. [PMID: 32471171 PMCID: PMC7344896 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess ascorbate (as expected in intravenous treatment proposed for COVID-19 management, for example) oxidizes and/or degrades hemoglobin and albumin, as evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. It also degrades hemoglobin in intact blood or in isolated erythrocytes. The survival rates and metabolic activities of several leukocyte subsets implicated in the antiviral cellular immune response are also affected. Excess ascorbate is thus an unselective biological stress agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lehene
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania; (M.L.); (N.D.H.); (E.G.); (A.C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Oncology I. Chiricuta, Cluj-Napoca 400015, Romania;
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400037, Romania;
| | - Florina Scurtu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400037, Romania;
| | - Niculina D. Hădade
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania; (M.L.); (N.D.H.); (E.G.); (A.C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Emese Gal
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania; (M.L.); (N.D.H.); (E.G.); (A.C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Augustin C. Mot
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania; (M.L.); (N.D.H.); (E.G.); (A.C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Alina Matei
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania; (M.L.); (N.D.H.); (E.G.); (A.C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania; (M.L.); (N.D.H.); (E.G.); (A.C.M.); (A.M.)
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Ghosh P. Utility of convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_74_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Javed H, Meeran MFN, Jha NK, Ojha S. Carvacrol, a Plant Metabolite Targeting Viral Protease (M pro) and ACE2 in Host Cells Can Be a Possible Candidate for COVID-19. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:601335. [PMID: 33664752 PMCID: PMC7921315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.601335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December 2019, resulting in the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Coronaviruses are solely accountable for rising mortality and socioeconomic saddles. Presently, there are few repurposed drugs such as remdesivir or favipiravir approved for the treatment of COVID-19, although vaccines and plasma therapy is also subject to emergency approval. However, some potential natural treatments and cures have also been proposed. Molecules of natural origin showed therapeutic importance such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, and could be useful drug candidates for treating COVID-19. In recent years, essential oils have shown promising therapeutic effects against many viral diseases. Carvacrol is one of the monoterpene phenol with abundant presence in essential oils of many aromatic plants, including thyme and oregano. It is being used as food flavoring, additive, and preservatives. Carvacrol is also used as a fragrance in cosmetic products. A number of research studies have shown biological actions of carvacrol with its therapeutic potential is of clinical significance. The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown multiple pharmacological properties such as anticancer, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, hepatoprotective, and spasmolytic. This review highlights the various biological and pharmacological properties of carvacrol within the scope of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Hayate Javed,
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Shreesh Ojha,
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