301
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Synthetic studies on the azinothricin family of antitumour antibiotics. 5. Asymmetric synthesis of two activated esters for the northern sector of A83586C. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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302
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Buono RA, Kucharczyk N, Neuenschwander M, Kemmink J, Hwang LY, Fauchère JL, Venanzi CA. Synthesis and conformational analysis by 1H NMR and restrained molecular dynamics simulations of the cyclic decapeptide [Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly]. J Comput Aided Mol Des 1996; 10:213-32. [PMID: 8808738 DOI: 10.1007/bf00355044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of enzyme mimics with therapeutic and industrial applications has interested both experimental and computational chemists for several decades. Recent advances in the computational methodology of restrained molecular dynamics, used in conjunction with data obtained from two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy, make it a promising method to study peptide and protein structure and function. Several issues, however, need to be addressed in order to assess the validity of this method for its explanatory and predictive value. Among the issues addressed in this study are: the accuracy and generizability of the GROMOS peptide molecular mechanics force field; the effect of inclusion of solvent on the simulations; and the effect of different types of restraining algorithms on the computational results. The decapeptide Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly, which corresponds to the sequence of ACTH1-10, has been synthesized, cyclized, and studied by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. Restrained molecular dynamics (RMD) and time-averaged restrained molecular dynamics (TARMD) simulations were carried out on four different distance-geometry starting structures in order to determine and contrast the behavior of cyclic ACTH1-10 in vacuum and in solution. For the RMD simulations, the structures did not fit the NOE data well, even at high values of the restraining potential. The TARMD simulation method, however, was able to give structures that fit the NOE data at high values of the restraining potential. In both cases, inclusion of explicit solvent molecules in the simulation had little effect on the quality of the fit, although it was found to dampen the motion of the cyclic peptide. For both simulation techniques, the number and size of the NOE violations increased as the restraining potential approached zero. This is due, presumably, to inadequacies in the force field. Additional TARMD vacuum-phase simulations, run with a larger memory length or with a larger sampling size (16 additional distance-geometry structures), yielded no significantly different results. The computed data were then analyzed to help explain the sparse NOE data and poor chymotryptic activity of the cyclic peptide. Cyclic ACTH1-10, which contains the functional moieties of the catalytic triad of chymotrypsin, was evaluated as a potential mimic of chymotrypsin by measurement of the rate of hydrolysis of esters of L- and D-phenylalanine. The poor rate of hydrolysis is attributed to the flexibility of the decapeptide, the motion of the side chains, which result in the absence of long-range NOEs, the small size of the macrocycle relative to that of the substrate, and the inappropriate orientation of the Gly, His, and Ser residues. The results demonstrate the utility of this method in computer-aided molecular design of cyclic peptides and suggest structural modifications for future work based on a larger and more rigid peptide framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Buono
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102, USA
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303
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Xue CB, He X, Roderick J, DeGrado WF, Decicco C, Copeland RA. Potent matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: Amino-carboxylate compounds containing modifications of the P1 residue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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304
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Evaluation of coupling conditions for the incorporation of N ?-Fmoc-Tyr(PO3H2)-OH in solid-phase peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00120001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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305
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Seguer J, Selve C, Allouch M, Infante MR. Nonionic amphiphilic compounds from lysine as molecular mimics of lecithins. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02523452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Seguer
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo (CSIC); Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - C. Selve
- ; Laboratoire d’Etudes des Systèmes Organiques et Colloïdaux, LESOC-Associé CNRS (UA 406); Université de Nancy I, Domaine Scientifique Victor Grignard; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - M. Allouch
- ; Laboratoire d’Etudes des Systèmes Organiques et Colloïdaux, LESOC-Associé CNRS (UA 406); Université de Nancy I, Domaine Scientifique Victor Grignard; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - M. R. Infante
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo (CSIC); Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- ; Dpt. Tensioctivos, CID/CSIC; C. Jorge Girona 18-26 Barcelona 08034 Spain
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306
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Okada Y, Wang J, Yamamoto T, Mu Y, Yokoi T. Amino acids and peptides. Part 45. Development of a new Nπ-protecting group of histidine, Nπ-(1-adamantyloxymethyl)histidine, and its evaluation for peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/p19960002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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307
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Solas D, Hale RL, Patel DV. An Efficient Synthesis ofN-α-Fmoc-4-(Phosphonodifluoromethyl)-l- phenylalanine. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9517508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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308
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On the use of novel coupling reagents for solid-phase peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1080-8914(96)80056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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309
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Okada Y, Wang J, Yamamoto T, Mu Y. Synthesis of Nπ-2-adamantyloxymethylhistidine, his(Nπ-2-adom), and its evaluation for peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/p19960000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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310
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Artuso F, Sindona G, Athanassopoulos C, Stavropoulos G, Papaioannou D. Kainic acid as conformationally constrained glutamic acid analog in peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02000-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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311
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Malin DH, Lake JR, Smith DA, Jones JA, Morel J, Claunch AE, Stevens PA, Payza K, Ho KK, Liu J. Subcutaneous injection of an analog of neuropeptide FF prevents naloxone-precipitated morphine abstinence syndrome. Drug Alcohol Depend 1995; 40:37-42. [PMID: 8746922 DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(95)01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that neuropeptide FF (NPFF) has antiopiate activity and may play a role in opiate dependence and subsequent abstinence syndrome. A fragment of NPFF was modified at the C-terminal in an effort to convert it to an NPFF antagonist. It was also dansylated at the N-terminal in an effort to render it more lipophilic and increase its penetration of the blood-brain barrier. Third ventricle administration of the resulting compound, dansyl-PQRamide (0.75 microgram and 1 microgram), dose-dependently antagonized the quasi-morphine abstinence activity of NPFF (10 micrograms) in opiate-naive rats. Subcutaneous injection of dansyl-PQRamide (13 mg/kg) in chronically morphine-infused rats attenuated opiate dependence as indicated by prevention of naloxone-precipitated abstinence syndrome. Dansyl-PQRamide displaced radiolabelled ligand from NPFF receptors in a concentration-dependent manner with a Ki of 13 microM, and had a half-life over 300 times longer than NPFF under aminopeptidase digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Malin
- University of Houston-Clear Lake, TX 77058, USA
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312
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Shimamoto T, Tsuboi H, Kitajima Y, Miyazaki T, Oyama Y, Imajo S, Ishiguro M. Modified thrombin receptor-agonist peptide ligands. Synthesis and conformational analysis of analogs of the N-terminal tripeptide region. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00421-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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313
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Regio- and enantioselectivity of the Candida antarctica lipase catalyzed amidations of Cbz-l- and Cbz-d-glutamic acid diesters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(95)00310-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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314
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Garc�a-Echeverr�a C, Rich DH. Kinetic studies of papain: Effect of P3? substituents and donor/acceptor pairs of intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00128501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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315
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Potential pyrophosphate formation upon use of N ?-Fmoc-Tyr(PO3H2)-OH in solid-phase peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00128503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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316
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317
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Rodriguez M, Crosby R, Alligood K, Gilmer T, Berman J. Tripeptides as selective inhibitors of src-SH2 phosphoprotein interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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318
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319
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Rivero IA, Somanathan R, Hellberg LH. Improved Syntheses of Peptide Coupling Reagents Bop and PyBOP Using Triphosgene. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919508015899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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320
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321
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Drijfhout JW, Brandt RM, D'Amaro J, Kast WM, Melief CJ. Detailed motifs for peptide binding to HLA-A*0201 derived from large random sets of peptides using a cellular binding assay. Hum Immunol 1995; 43:1-12. [PMID: 7558923 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)00151-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Extensive sets of in total about 2000 synthetic peptides were investigated for their binding affinities to HLA-A*0201. Comparisons of the amino acid compositions of binding to nonbinding sets of peptides provided new information concerning the rules for 9-, 10-, and 11-mer peptide binding at the amino acid level. Preferred primary anchors were shown to depend on peptide length, longer peptides being more demanding in this respect. A clear preference exists for certain amino acids at several nonanchor positions. In addition, the presence of particular amino acids at those positions almost completely precludes peptide binding. We found no evidence for preferred anchor pairs. From these results new and detailed HLA-A*0201 peptide-binding motifs for 9-, 10-, and 11-mer peptide binding were deduced. The motifs are in accordance with earlier reports but include new findings, including C as a C-terminal anchor, the importance of D at positions 4 for binding, and the deleterious effect of R at position 5 (in 9-mers). The motifs are presented in such a way that they can be used to predict peptide binding to HLA-A*0201 by computer analysis (see accompanying paper [56]).
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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322
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Budde RJ, Obeyesekere NU, Ke S, McMurray JS. Use of synthetic peptides and copolymers to study the substrate specificity and inhibition of the protein tyrosine kinase pp60c-src. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1248:50-6. [PMID: 7536039 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of synthetic peptides and polypeptides to act as substrates and/or inhibitors of pp60c-src was examined. The random copolymer, poly(K4Y) had a threefold lower specificity than poly(E4Y). Peptides containing lysine vs. glutamate were also found to have a lower substrate specificity (Vmax:Km ratio). In order to assess the substrate specificity of acidic peptides, an assay protocol using DEAE-membranes was developed. Peptides containing a (YXE)5YXD motif (X = G, A, V, P, or norvaline) were tested as inhibitors and substrates of pp60c-src. The glycine-containing peptide was the best substrate having a specificity 16,000-fold higher than 5Val-angiotensin II, the most commonly used peptide substrate. Most of the peptides, except for the proline containing peptide, had Ki values of 20-100 microM. In a series of (XGE)5XGD peptides, where X = Y or F, tyrosine at position 10 was found to be the preferred site for accepting a phosphate. Analogs in which the glycine was replaced with alanine indicated that loss of flexibility around position 10 was detrimental to substrate specificity. Results suggest that conformational requirements of the peptides tested was important and substrate specificity was a more sensitive parameter than binding as measured by Ki values.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Budde
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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323
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Facile removal of the N-indole-mesitylenesulfonyl protecting group using HF cleavage conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00117952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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324
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Campbell RM, Bongers J, Felix AM. Rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel growth hormone releasing factor analogues. Biopolymers 1995; 37:67-88. [PMID: 7893948 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360370204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial discovery in 1982, growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) has been the subject of intense investigation. This interest was prompted by the potential application of GRF for stimulating growth in dwarf humans and for performance enhancement in livestock. Substantial research has been focused upon the development of potent, long-acting analogs as therapeutics. Herein is described a summary of the cumulative efforts of various laboratories endeavoring in this quest. The rationale utilized in GRF analog development is discussed: 1) determination of bioactive core, 2) evaluation of secondary structure, and 3) elucidation of degradation pathways (chemical and enzymatic). Using this information, several series of linear (unnatural and natural sequence) and cyclic GRF analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Stimulated by the constraints of commercial production, innovative, alternative methods of synthesis were explored: solid-phase, solution-phase, enzymatic, and recombinant. To date, the most promising candidate for drug development is [His1, Val2, Gln8, Ala15, Leu27]-hGRF(1-32)-OH. This natural sequence analog, consisting of rodent and human sequences, incorporates the bioactive core, preferred secondary structure, resistance to chemical and enzymatic degradation; with the added benefit of amenability to large-scale recombinant synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Campbell
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Roche Research Center, Nutley, New Jersey 07110
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325
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Stockman BJ, Bannow CA, Miceli RM, Degraaf ME, Fischer HD, Smith CW. Chemical shift differences between free and Fab-bound peptide correlate with a two-stage selection of peptide sequences from a random phage display library to delineate critical and non-critical residues for antibody recognition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1995; 45:11-6. [PMID: 7775004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb01562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Epitope libraries provide a method to identify peptide ligands for antibodies, receptors or other binding proteins. As such, they provide a powerful tool to rapidly identify lead ligands in the drug discovery process. In an attempt to correlate structural information with the results from peptide screening, we have used NMR spectroscopy of peptide/antibody complexes to demonstrate that core residues identified through a two-stage selection process undergo a larger structural change upon binding antibody than do positions in the peptide amenable to a variety of side chains. The model system used was the M2 monoclonal antibody/Flag octapeptide epitope system. We have analyzed two peptides: Ac-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Leu-Gly-Asp-Asp-Leu-NH2 (peptide 1), which contains several non-core positions randomized, and Ac-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Leu-NH2 (peptide 2), which closely corresponds to the original Flag sequence. Enrichment of the peptides with 15N facilitated the investigation by permitting spectral editing of the peptide resonances in the presence of antibody. For peptide 1 the absolute shifts for the free vs. Fab-bound peptide were found to be largest for the amide groups of Asp-1 and Asp-6, in agreement with classification of these residues as critical by the phage display library selection process. For peptide 2 the largest absolute shifts were observed for Asp-1 and Asp-4, with the other aspartic acid residues also showing significant but smaller changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Stockman
- Upjohn Laboratories, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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326
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Abstract
Over 100 motilin fragments and analogues, including monosubstituted C-terminal-deleted analogues, conformationally restricted analogues, analogues with peptide bond isoteres (CH2-NH), and N-terminal fragments adjunct to an amphiphilic helix, were synthesized by solid-phase methodology, purified by reverse-phase HPLC, and assayed in vitro in a muscle strip bioassay (rabbit duodenum) and in a radioligand binding assay on crude membrane extracts from smooth muscle (rabbit antrum). The data suggest the existence of three distinct regions involved in the interaction of motilin with its receptor: the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-7) constitutes the minimal basic unit of binding and activity; the transition region (amino acidsa 8-9) links the N-terminal and C-terminal regions; and the C-terminal region (amino acids 10-22) forms an alpha-helix that stabilizes the interaction of the N-terminal residues at the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Miller
- Centre de Recherche Clinique André Viallet, Hopital St. Luc, Université de Montréal, Canada
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327
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Achilefu S, Mansuy L, Selve C, Thiebaut S. Synthesis of 2H,2H-perfluoroalkyl and 2H-perfluoroalkenyl carboxylic acids and amides. J Fluor Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1139(94)03084-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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328
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Domínguez MJ, García-López MT, Herranz R, Martín-Martínez M, González-Muñiz R. Stereochemical and mechanistic studies on the formation of the 3-oxoindolizidine skeleton from ornithine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950002839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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329
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Cunningham BR, Hannah J, Brian Jones A. Muramyl peptide analogs : Synthesis of a depsipeptide using orthogonal SPPS. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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330
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Pancré V, Wolowczuk I, Bossus M, Gras-Masse H, Guerret S, Delanoye A, Capron A, Auriault C. Evaluation of the effect of Sm28GST-derived peptides in murine hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: interest of the lipopeptidic form of the C-terminal peptide. Mol Immunol 1994; 31:1247-56. [PMID: 7969186 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(94)90075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the synthetic peptides derived from the 28-kDa Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase (Sm28GST), immunization with the C-terminal peptide comprising amino acid residues 190-211 induced a reduction in splenomegaly, in the number of hepatic eggs and in hepatic fibrosis in mice infected by Schistosoma mansoni. The absence of antibodies specific for the Sm28GST or for the 190-211 peptide observed in our conditions of immunization with this peptide argued in favour of the involvement of cellular-dependent mechanisms in the reduction in hepatic pathology. This was confirmed by the passive transfer of 190-211 peptide-specific T-cell enriched spleen cells which reproduced the protective effect conferred by immunization with the 190-211 peptide. These 190-211 peptide-specific cells produced little IL4 and high levels of IFN-gamma, a potent inhibitor of collagen synthesis. Furthermore, the use of a lipopeptidic form of the 190-211 peptide significantly improved the reduction in hepatic pathology obtained with the uncoupled peptide and induced a durable protective response. These results provide encouraging information for the possible use of synthetic peptides in the immunoprophylaxis of Schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pancré
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie cellulaire de l'interface hôte/parasite et de la pathogénèse parasitaire, CNRS URA 1854, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
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331
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Perich JW, Terzi E, Carnazzi E, Seyer R, Trifilieff E. Further studies into the Boc/solid-phase synthesis of Ser(P)- and Thr(P)-containing peptides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 44:305-12. [PMID: 7875931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Ser(P)-containing peptide corresponding to phospholamban 11-19, Ac-Ala-Ile-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser(P)-Thr-Ile-Glu-NH2, was prepared by the use of Boc-Ser(PO3Ph2)-OH in Boc/solid-phase peptide synthesis followed by HF cleavage of the peptide from the polystyrene resin and subsequent platinum-mediated hydrogenolytic cleavage of the phenyl phosphate groups. A study of the HF deprotection step showed that extensive dephosphorylation of the Ser(PO3Ph2)-residue occurred using three commonly used HF conditions and gave rise to large quantities of the Ser-containing peptide. The subsequent study of model peptide systems under standard HF conditions established firstly that the extent of dephosphorylation was dependent on the HF-contact time, and secondly that the Ser(PO3Ph2) residue underwent dephosphorylation at a slightly higher rate than the Thr(PO3Ph2) residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Perich
- Centre of Pharmacology-Endocrinology, CNRS-INSERM, Montpellier, France
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332
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Williams PD, Ball RG, Clineschmidt BV, Culberson JC, Erb JM, Freidinger RM, Pawluczyk JM, Perlow DS, Pettibone DJ, Veber DF. Conformationally constrained o-tolylpiperazine camphorsulfonamide oxytocin antagonists. Structural modifications that provide high receptor affinity and suggest a bioactive conformation. Bioorg Med Chem 1994; 2:971-85. [PMID: 7712132 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of new o-tolylpiperazine camphorsulfonamide OT antagonists is described. Analogs containing conformationally constrained 1-acylamino-2-propyl substituents at the camphor C2 endo position exhibit high affinity for OT and AVP-V1a receptors or high affinity and selectivity for OT receptors, depending on functionalities present in the acyl group. Determination of the preferred conformation of potency-enhancing 1-acylamino-2-propyl substituents using molecular mechanics energy calculations and X-ray crystallography, along with topological similarities to a conformationally constrained cyclic hexapeptide OT antagonist, suggests a receptor-bound conformation for this series of non-peptide OT antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Williams
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486
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333
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Graciani NR, Tsang KY, McCutchen SL, Kelly JW. Amino acids that specify structure through hydrophobic clustering and histidine-aromatic interactions lead to biologically active peptidomimetics. Bioorg Med Chem 1994; 2:999-1006. [PMID: 7712134 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic beta-sheet structure can be nucleated in heptapeptides when the 4-(2-aminoethyl)-6-dibenzofuranpropanoic acid residue (1) is flanked in sequence by two His residues, a His residue and a hydrophobic residue or by two hydrophobic residues. Acyclic beta-sheet peptidomimetics having an appropriate sequence have sufficient structural integrity to exhibit antimicrobial activity equivalent to that of gramicidin S.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Graciani
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-3255
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334
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335
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Comparative studies of the coupling of N-methylated, sterically hindered amino acids during solid-phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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336
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Robl JA, Simpkins LM, Stevenson J, Sun CQ, Murugesan N, Barrish JC, Asaad MM, Bird J, Schaeffer TR, Trippodo NC, Petrillo EW, Karanewsky DS. Dual metalloprotease inhibitors. I. constrained peptidomimetics of mercaptoacyl dipeptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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337
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Graybill TL, Dolle RE, Helaszek CT, Miller RE, Ator MA. Preparation and evaluation of peptidic aspartyl hemiacetals as reversible inhibitors of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 44:173-82. [PMID: 7982761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aspartyl aldehyde, Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-H 1 (L-709,049), has been reported to be a potent, reversible inhibitor of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) [Thornberry, N.A. et al. (1992) Nature (London) 356, 768-774]. In the context of our own work, we have developed a general synthetic approach to peptidic aspartyl aldehydes. Semicarbazone derivative, H-Asp(Ot-Bu)-Sc 4, was identified as a stable, masked aspartyl aldehyde equivalent. We have used 4 to synthesize a series of mono-, di- and tripeptide aldehydes, and multigram quantities of Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-H 1, Ac-Tyr-Val-Lys-Asp-Sc 21 and Ac-Tyr-Val-Lys-Asp-H 2. Biological evaluation of these aspartyl aldehydes and derivatives suggests that the tripeptide scaffold, Z-Val-Ala-Asp, is a peptide scaffold that retains good potency and selectivity for ICE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Graybill
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
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338
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339
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Lasonder E, Bloemhoff W, Welling GW. Interaction of lysozyme with synthetic anti-lysozyme D1.3 antibody fragments studied by affinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance. J Chromatogr A 1994; 676:91-8. [PMID: 7921183 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic antibody fragments of monoclonal anti-lysozyme antibody D1.3 have been tested on binding with hen egg white lysozyme using immunoaffinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance. Upon immunoaffinity chromatography, peptides containing one or two complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of D1.3 show interaction with lysozyme. Surface plasmon resonance with immobilized CDR peptides showed that this interaction is not based on the antigen-antibody interaction. Nevertheless, these peptides could be useful as ligands for the purification of lysozyme from a mixture of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lasonder
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
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340
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Pegylated peptides III. Solid-phase synthesis with pegylating reagents of varying molecular weight: synthesis of multiply pegylated peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0923-1137(94)90120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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341
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Kostiainen R, Lasonder E, Bloemhoff W, van Veelen PA, Welling GW, Bruins AP. Characterization of a synthetic 37-residue fragment of a monoclonal antibody against herpes virus by capillary electrophoresis/electrospray (ionspray) mass spectrometry and 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry. BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1994; 23:346-52. [PMID: 8038227 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200230608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A peptide comprising 37 amino acids of the antigen binding site of a monoclonal antibody directed against glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus was synthesized. The synthetic peptide and the impurities formed in the synthesis were characterized by capillary electrophoresis/ionspray mass spectrometry and by 252Cf plasma desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry. The measured average molecular mass of the synthetic peptide was 4627.16 Da, which was only 0.08 Da higher than the calculated value (4627.08 Da). The plasma desorption mass spectrum of the synthetic peptide showed a protonated molecule at m/z 4624.1, which was 4 Da lower than the calculated one (4628.09 Da). The amino acid sequence of the peptide was confirmed in part by electrospray (ionspray) mass spectrometry using a high nozzle skimmer voltage difference. Five impurities were separated and identified by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and two of them also appeared in the plasma desorption mass spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kostiainen
- University Centre for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
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342
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Savage MJ, Iqbal M, Loh T, Trusko SP, Scott R, Siman R. Cathepsin G: localization in human cerebral cortex and generation of amyloidogenic fragments from the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Neuroscience 1994; 60:607-19. [PMID: 7936190 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and aged brain are composed largely of A beta protein, which is generated by proteolytic processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein. Proteases responsible for liberating the A beta protein from the precursor have not yet been identified. Here, we examined the ability of cathepsin G, a chymotrypsin-like protease, to cleave two protease substrates: (i) a fluorogenic hexapeptide, whose sequence spans the cleavage site in the precursor for generating the A beta NH2-terminus, and (ii) recombinant human beta-amyloid precursor protein purified from a baculovirus expression system. Unlike two other members of the chymotrypsin family, cathepsin G readily degraded the hexapeptide. Furthermore, cathepsin G cleaved the beta-amyloid precursor protein to generate several breakdown products, including a prominent 11,500 mol. wt fragment immunoreactive with antibodies directed against the COOH-terminus of the protein. This COOH-terminal fragment co-migrated using two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with C-100, a recombinant COOH-terminal segment of the beta-amyloid precursor, whose NH2-terminus is one residue upstream of the NH2-terminus of the A beta domain. We also examined the localization of cathepsin G in human brain. The distribution of cathepsin G-containing cells was examined by immunohistochemistry in the temporal cortex of both Alzheimer's and aged control samples. Cathepsin G-like immunoreactivity was contained specifically within neutrophils. As visualized by double-labeling with antibodies to cathepsin G and Factor VIII, neutrophils were most frequently found within meningeal or cortical blood vessels. In addition, occasional neutrophils could be identified without an apparent vascular surround, in the brain parenchyma. By simultaneous labeling with antibodies to cathepsin G and A beta protein, neutrophils were also sometimes found associated with both parenchymal and vessel amyloid deposits; however, these associations were rare. These findings indicate that cathepsin G is capable of cleaving the beta-amyloid precursor protein to liberate the free NH2-terminus of the A beta protein and may have access to areas where this material is deposited in Alzheimer's disease. However, since there is no physical association between neutrophils and deposited amyloid and no increase in the number of neutrophils in an Alzheimer's brain, cathepsin G seems to be an unlikely mediator of amyloid deposition in this disease.
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343
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Esterification of 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to hydroxyl-functionalized resins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0923-1137(94)90113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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344
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345
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Majerfeld I, Yarus M. An RNA pocket for an aliphatic hydrophobe. NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 1994; 1:287-92. [PMID: 7545073 DOI: 10.1038/nsb0594-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated an RNA with specific affinity for the L-valine side chain, using selection-amplification. The active RNA secondary structure, identified by repeated selection, is a highly conserved asymmetric (4:10) internal loop adjacent to required G-U pairs. The binding free-energy per methylene is up to 1.5 kcal mol-1, and very dependent on group position. Amino acid binding is L-stereoselective and distinguishes aliphatic sidechains by size and, given the same total size, by configuration. Though aliphatic-RNA interactions have frequently been neglected, their avidity and specificity seem sufficient for a biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Majerfeld
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0347, USA
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346
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347
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Skurić M, Horvat J, Horvat S, Chung NN, Schiller PW. Acetylated glucopyranosyl esters of enkephalins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 43:402-9. [PMID: 8045687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acetylated D-glucopyranosyl esters of enkephalins were prepared by two different fragment condensation procedures involving direct participation of imidazole in the ester linkage formation. By both methods anomeric mixtures of D-glucosyl esters were obtained and resolved by column chromatography. Depending on coupling conditions, racemization of either the C-terminal or the penultimate amino acid residue of the enkephalin molecule occurred. The glucoconjugates with inverted stereochemistry were quantitated and separated from the main product by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The opioid agonist potencies of the synthesized glucopyranosyl esters of enkephalins on electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations were determined in comparison with [Leu5]enkephalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skurić
- Ruder Bosković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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348
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Story SC, Aldrich JV. Side-product formation during cyclization with HBTU on a solid support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 43:292-6. [PMID: 8005752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The coupling reagent 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) was used in an attempt to prepare a highly strained 10-membered lactam ring on a solid support via side-chain to side-chain cyclization of the adjacent alpha,gamma-diaminobutyric (Dab) and D-glutamic acid residues in [Dab2,D-Glu3,Leu5]enkephalinamide. This attempted cyclization failed, however, and yielded linear products instead. Characterization by mass spectrometry, amino acid analysis, peptide sequencing and NMR indicated that the major products were the tetramethylguanidinium (Tmg) derivatives [Dab(Tmg)2,D-Glu3,Leu5]-enkephalinamide and the corresponding dimeric linear Tmg-containing peptide which resulted from the transfer of the tetramethyluronium moiety from HBTU to the amino side chain of Dab. The formation of these tetramethylguanidinium side products during cyclization reactions limits HBTU's usefulness for the formation of lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Story
- Oregon State University, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis
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349
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Solution synthesis of a dimeric pentapeptide: Diketopiperazine cyclisation of Glu-Asp dipeptide esters and Asp-racemisation during segment condensation. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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350
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Kitagawa K, Futaki S, Yagami T, Sumi S, Inoue K. Solid-phase synthesis of cionin, a protochordate-derived octapeptide related to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family of peptides, and its mono-tyrosine-sulfate-containing derivatives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 43:190-200. [PMID: 8200739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cionin, a protochordate-derived octapeptide amide related to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family of peptides, contains two consecutive tyrosine sulfate residues. In order to gain insight into the role of the respective tyrosine sulfate residue in biological activity, cionin and its derivatives in which one of the two tyrosine sulfate residues was replaced by tyrosine, were prepared by two Fmoc-based solid-phase approaches. In approach (1) Fmoc-Tyr(SO3Na)-OH was employed as a building block to assemble the Tyr(SO3Na)-containing peptide-resin, and a global deprotection/cleavage was conducted with 90% aqueous TFA in the presence of m-cresol and 2-methylindole at 4 degrees C. In approach (2) the Tyr(Msib) [Msib = p-(methylsulfinyl)benzyl] derivative was used for the peptide-chain assembly to achieve sulfation on the selective Tyr residue. Partially protected peptide with the Msib/Msz protecting groups [Msz = p-(methylsulfinyl)benzyloxycarbonyl], obtained after peptide-resin cleavage, was treated with DMF-SO3 complex in the presence of ethanedithiol to achieve the sulfation of free Tyr residue and the reduction of the Msib/Msz groups to TFA-labile Mtb/Mtz groups [Mtb = p-(methylthio)benzyl, Mtz = p-(methylthio)benzyloxycarbonyl]. Final deprotection of the Mtb/Mtz groups with 90% aqueous TFA in the presence of m-cresol and 2-methylindole gave the desired cionin derivative, which contains the tyrosine sulfate residue at the selective position. Yields obtained with approach (2) were considerably higher than those obtained with approach (1). Cionin and mono-Tyr(SO3H)-containing derivatives were assayed on exocrine pancreas in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Japan
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