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Mattapally S, Pawlik KM, Fast VG, Zumaquero E, Lund FE, Randall TD, Townes TM, Zhang J. Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I and II Knockout Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells: Universal Donor for Cell Therapy. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010239. [PMID: 30488760 PMCID: PMC6405542 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background We aim to generate a line of “universal donor” human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that are nonimmunogenic and, therefore, can be used to derive cell products suitable for allogeneic transplantation. Methods and Results hiPSCs carrying knockout mutations for 2 key components (β2 microglobulin and class II major histocompatibility class transactivator) of major histocompatibility complexes I and II (ie, human leukocyte antigen [HLA] I/II knockout hiPSCs) were generated using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene‐editing system and differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Pluripotency‐gene expression and telomerase activity in wild‐type (WT) and HLAI/II knockout hiPSCs, cardiomyocyte marker expression in WT and HLAI/II knockout hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes, and assessments of electrophysiological properties (eg, conduction velocity, action‐potential and calcium transient half‐decay times, and calcium transient increase times) in spheroid‐fusions composed of WT and HLAI/II knockout cardiomyocytes, were similar. However, the rates of T‐cell activation before (≈21%) and after (≈24%) exposure to HLAI/II knockout hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes were nearly indistinguishable and dramatically lower than after exposure to WT hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes (≈75%), and when WT and HLAI/II knockout hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocyte spheroids were cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the WT hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocyte spheroids were smaller and displayed contractile irregularities. Finally, expression of HLA‐E and HLA‐F was inhibited in HLAI/II knockout cardiomyocyte spheroids after coculture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, although HLA‐G was not inhibited; these results are consistent with the essential role of class II major histocompatibility class transactivator in transcriptional activation of the HLA‐E and HLA‐F genes, but not the HLA‐G gene. Expression of HLA‐G is known to inhibit natural killer cell recognition and killing of cells that lack other HLAs. Conclusions HLAI/II knockout hiPSCs can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes that induce little or no activity in human immune cells and, consequently, are suitable for allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidulu Mattapally
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine School of Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Kevin M Pawlik
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Vladimir G Fast
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine School of Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Esther Zumaquero
- 3 Department of Microbiology School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Frances E Lund
- 3 Department of Microbiology School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Troy D Randall
- 4 Department of Medicine/Rheumatology School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Tim M Townes
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine School of Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
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302
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Mardomi A, Mohammadi N, Khosroshahi HT, Abediankenari S. An update on potentials and promises of T cell co-signaling molecules in transplantation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4183-4197. [PMID: 31696513 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The promising outcomes of immune-checkpoint based immunotherapies in cancer have provided a proportional perspective ahead of exploiting similar approaches in allotransplantation. Belatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) is an example of costimulation blockers successfully exploited in renal transplantation. Due to the wide range of regulatory molecules characterized in the past decades, some of these molecules might be candidates as immunomodulators in the case of tolerance induction in transplantation. Although there are numerous attempts on the apprehension of the effects of co-signaling molecules on immune response, the necessity for a better understanding is evident. By increasing the knowledge on the biology of co-signaling pathways, some pitfalls are recognized and improved approaches are proposed. The blockage of CD80/CD28 axis is an instance of evolution toward more efficacy. It is now evident that anti-CD28 antibodies are more effective than CD80 blockers in animal models of transplantation. Other co-signaling axes such as PD-1/PD-L1, CD40/CD154, 2B4/CD48, and others discussed in the present review are examples of critical immunomodulatory molecules in allogeneic transplantation. We review here the outcomes of recent experiences with co-signaling molecules in preclinical studies of solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mardomi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nabiallah Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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303
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Malik NN, Jenkins AM, Mellon J, Bailey G. Engineering strategies for generating hypoimmunogenic cells with high clinical and commercial value. Regen Med 2019; 14:983-989. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nafees N Malik
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
- Juvenescence, Douglas, Isle of Man, UK
| | | | | | - Gregory Bailey
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
- Juvenescence, Douglas, Isle of Man, UK
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304
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Berry JL, Zhu W, Tang YL, Krishnamurthy P, Ge Y, Cooke JP, Chen Y, Garry DJ, Yang HT, Rajasekaran NS, Koch WJ, Li S, Domae K, Qin G, Cheng K, Kamp TJ, Ye L, Hu S, Ogle BM, Rogers JM, Abel ED, Davis ME, Prabhu SD, Liao R, Pu WT, Wang Y, Ping P, Bursac N, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wu JC, Bolli R, Menasché P, Zhang J. Convergences of Life Sciences and Engineering in Understanding and Treating Heart Failure. Circ Res 2019; 124:161-169. [PMID: 30605412 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
On March 1 and 2, 2018, the National Institutes of Health 2018 Progenitor Cell Translational Consortium, Cardiovascular Bioengineering Symposium, was held at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Convergence of life sciences and engineering to advance the understanding and treatment of heart failure was the theme of the meeting. Over 150 attendees were present, and >40 scientists presented their latest work on engineering human functional myocardium for disease modeling, drug development, and heart failure research. The scientists, engineers, and physicians in the field of cardiovascular sciences met and discussed the most recent advances in their work and proposed future strategies for overcoming the major roadblocks of cardiovascular bioengineering and therapy. Particular emphasis was given for manipulation and using of stem/progenitor cells, biomaterials, and methods to provide molecular, chemical, and mechanical cues to cells to influence their identity and fate in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these works are profoundly impacting and progressing toward deciphering the mechanisms and developing novel treatments for left ventricular dysfunction of failing hearts. Here, we present some important perspectives that emerged from this meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Berry
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.B., W.Z., P.K., G.Q., J.M.R., J.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.B., W.Z., P.K., G.Q., J.M.R., J.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yao Liang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Y.T.)
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.B., W.Z., P.K., G.Q., J.M.R., J.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, (Y.G., T.J.K.)
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX (J.P.C.)
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology (Y.C., N.S.R.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.J.G.)
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China (H.-T.Y.)
| | | | - Walter J Koch
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles (S.L.)
| | - Keitaro Domae
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan (K.D.)
| | - Gangjian Qin
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.B., W.Z., P.K., G.Q., J.M.R., J.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh (K.C.)
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, (Y.G., T.J.K.)
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (L.Y.)
| | - Shijun Hu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (S.H.)
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN (B.M.O.)
| | - Jack M Rogers
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.B., W.Z., P.K., G.Q., J.M.R., J.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (E.D.A.)
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (M.E.D.)
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine (S.D.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.L., J.C.W.)
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medicine (Y.W.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Peipei Ping
- Department of Physiology (P.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (N.B.)
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY (G.V.-N.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.L., J.C.W.)
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (R.B.)
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (P.M.)
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.B., W.Z., P.K., G.Q., J.M.R., J.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
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305
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Bogomiakova ME, Eremeev AV, Lagarkova MA. At Home among Strangers: Is It Possible to Create Hypoimmunogenic Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines? Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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306
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Fairchild PJ, Davies TJ. Boosting Antitumour Immunity through Targeted Delivery of Interferon-α. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:935-937. [PMID: 31624020 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer immunotherapy but their success is wholly dependent on amplifying an existing immune response directed against the tumour. A recent study by Tsuchiya et al. suggests how the properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be exploited for the targeted delivery of interferon-α (IFNα) to elicit an appropriate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fairchild
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Timothy J Davies
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
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307
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Rogers GL, Chen HY, Morales H, Cannon PM. Homologous Recombination-Based Genome Editing by Clade F AAVs Is Inefficient in the Absence of a Targeted DNA Break. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1726-1736. [PMID: 31540849 PMCID: PMC6822228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are frequently used as donor templates for genome editing by homologous recombination. Although modification rates are typically under 1%, they are greatly enhanced by targeted double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). A recent report described clade F AAVs mediating high-efficiency homologous recombination-based editing in the absence of DSBs. The clade F vectors included AAV9 and a series isolated from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We evaluated these vectors by packaging homology donors into AAV9 and an AAVHSC capsid and examining their ability to insert GFP at the CCR5 and AAVS1 loci in human HSPCs and cell lines. As a control, we used AAV6, which effectively edits HSPCs but only when combined with a targeted DSB. Each AAV vector promoted GFP insertion in the presence of matched CCR5 or AAVS1 zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), but none supported detectable editing in the absence of the nucleases. Rates of editing with ZFNs correlated with transduction efficiencies for each vector, implying no differences in the ability of donor sequences delivered by the different vectors to direct genome editing. Our results, therefore, do not support that clade F AAVs can perform high-efficiency genome editing in the absence of a DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Rogers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hsu-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Heidy Morales
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Paula M Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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308
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adoptive cell therapy using CD4FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Treg) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to treat autoimmunity and alloimmunity. Preclinical studies suggest that the efficacy of Treg therapy can be improved by modifying the antigen specificity, stability and function of therapeutic Tregs. We review recent innovations that considerably enhance the possibilities of controlling these parameters. RECENT FINDINGS Antigen-specific Tregs can be generated by genetically modifying polyclonal Tregs to express designated T-cell receptors or single-chain chimeric antigen receptors. The benefits of this approach can be further extended by using novel strategies to fine-tune the antigen-specificity and affinity of Treg in vivo. CRISPR/Cas 9 technology now enables the modification of therapeutic Tregs so they are safer, more stable and long lived. The differentiation and homing properties of Tregs can also be modulated by gene editing or modifying ex-vivo stimulation conditions. SUMMARY A new wave of innovation has considerably increased the number of strategies that could be used to increase the therapeutic potential of Treg therapy. However, the increased complexity of these approaches may limit their wide accessibility. Third-party therapy with off-the-shelf Treg products could be a solution.
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309
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MHC matching fails to prevent long-term rejection of iPSC-derived neurons in non-human primates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4357. [PMID: 31554807 PMCID: PMC6761126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy products (CTP) derived from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may constitute a renewable, specifically differentiated source of cells to potentially cure patients with neurodegenerative disorders. However, the immunogenicity of CTP remains a major issue for therapeutic approaches based on transplantation of non-autologous stem cell-derived neural grafts. Despite its considerable side-effects, long-term immunosuppression, appears indispensable to mitigate neuro-inflammation and prevent rejection of allogeneic CTP. Matching iPSC donors' and patients' HLA haplotypes has been proposed as a way to access CTP with enhanced immunological compatibility, ultimately reducing the need for immunosuppression. In the present work, we challenge this paradigm by grafting autologous, MHC-matched and mis-matched neuronal grafts in a primate model of Huntington's disease. Unlike previous reports in unlesioned hosts, we show that in the absence of immunosuppression MHC matching alone is insufficient to grant long-term survival of neuronal grafts in the lesioned brain.
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310
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Morishima Y, Morishima S, Murata M, Arima N, Uchida N, Sugio Y, Takahashi S, Matsuhashi Y, Onizuka M, Eto T, Nagafuji K, Onishi Y, Inoue M, Atsuta Y, Fukuda T, Ichinohe T, Kato S, Kanda J. Impact of Homozygous Conserved Extended HLA Haplotype on Single Cord Blood Transplantation: Lessons for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Banking and Transplantation in Allogeneic Settings. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 26:132-138. [PMID: 31521817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been applied to clinical regenerative cell therapy. Recently, an iPSC banking system to collect HLA haplotype (HP) homozygous (homo) cells for iPSC transplantation in allogeneic settings was proposed, and tissue transplantation generated from iPSC through banking has just began. We analyzed 5017 single cord blood transplantation (CBT) pairs with HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 allele typing data and found 39 donor HLA homo donor to patient HLA heterozygous (hetero) pairs. Of note, all 39 HLA homo to hetero pairs engrafted neutrophils, except 1 early death pair, and all 30 assessable pairs engrafted platelets. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades II to IV and grades III to IV occurred in 17 and 3 of 38 assessable pairs, respectively. Competing risk regression analysis revealed a favorable risk of neutrophil engraftment and higher risk of acute GVHD compared with HLA-matched CBTs. Thirty-seven of 39 homo to hetero pairs had conserved extended HLA HPs (HP-1, n = 18; HP-2, n = 8; HP-3, n = 7; HP-4, n = 4; HP-5, n = 1) that were ethnicity-specific, and at least 1 of 2 patient HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 alleles in each locus were invariably shared with the same donor HP in 35 pairs. These findings confirmed our preliminary results with 6 HLA homo CBTs, and a trend of high incidence of acute GVHD was newly observed. Importantly, they imply the possibility that HLA-homo iPSC transplantation provides favorable engraftment and accordingly imply the merit of banking iPSC with homozygous major conserved extended HLA HPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morishima
- Central Japan Cord Blood Bank, Seto, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Promotion for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan.
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Murata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sugio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Matsuhashi
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Makoto Onizuka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Eto
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Nagafuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasushi Onishi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masami Inoue
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ichinohe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kato
- Division of Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Junya Kanda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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311
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Cong X, Zhang SM, Ellis MW, Luo J. Large Animal Models for the Clinical Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1288-1298. [PMID: 31359827 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers a practically infinite and ethically acceptable source to obtain a variety of somatic cells. Coupled with the biotechnologies of cell therapy or tissue engineering, iPSC technology will enormously contribute to human regenerative medicine. Before clinical application, such human iPSC (hiPSC)-based therapies should be assessed using large animal models that more closely match biological or biomechanical properties of human patients. Therefore, it is critical to generate large animal iPSCs, obtain their iPSC-derived somatic cells, and preclinically evaluate their therapeutic efficacy and safety in large animals. During the past decade, the establishment of iPSC lines of a series of large animal species has been documented, and the acquisition and preclinical evaluation of iPSC-derived somatic cells has also been reported. Despite this progress, significant obstacles, such as obtaining or preserving the bona fide pluripotency of large animal iPSCs, have been encountered. Simultaneously, studies of large animal iPSCs have been overlooked in comparison with those of mouse and hiPSCs, and this field deserves more attention and support due to its important preclinical relevance. Herein, this review will focus on the large animal models of pigs, dogs, horses, and sheep/goats, and summarize current progress, challenges, and potential future directions of research on large animal iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cong
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cardiology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew W Ellis
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, Connecticut
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312
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Chakravarti D, Caraballo LD, Weinberg BH, Wong WW. Inducible Gene Switches with Memory in Human T Cells for Cellular Immunotherapy. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1744-1754. [PMID: 31268301 PMCID: PMC6703182 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Cell-based therapies that employ
engineered T cells—including
those modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)—to
target cancer cells have demonstrated promising responses in clinical
trials. However, engineered T cell responses must be regulated to
prevent severe side effects such as cytokine storms and off-target
responses. Here we present a class of recombinase-based gene circuits
that will enable inducible, one-time state switching in adoptive T
cell therapy using an FDA-approved drug, creating a generalizable
platform that can be used to control when and how strongly a gene
is expressed. These circuits exhibit memory such that induced T cells
will maintain any changes made even when the drug inducer is removed.
This memory feature avoids prolonged drug inducer exposure, thus reducing
the complexity and potential side effect associated with the drug
inducer. We have utilized these circuits to control the expression
of an anti-Her2-CAR, demonstrating the ability of these circuits to
regulate CAR expression and T cell activity. We envision this platform
can be extended to regulate other genes involved in T cell behavior
for applications in various adoptive T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deboki Chakravarti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Leidy D. Caraballo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Wilson W. Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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313
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Engineering universal cells that evade immune detection. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:723-733. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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314
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Alia C, Terrigno M, Busti I, Cremisi F, Caleo M. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Brain Repair: Protocols and Preclinical Applications in Cortical and Hippocampal Pathologies. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:684. [PMID: 31447623 PMCID: PMC6691396 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries causing chronic sensory or motor deficit, such as stroke, are among the leading causes of disability worldwide, according to the World Health Organization; furthermore, they carry heavy social and economic burdens due to decreased quality of life and need of assistance. Given the limited effectiveness of rehabilitation, novel therapeutic strategies are required to enhance functional recovery. Since cell-based approaches have emerged as an intriguing and promising strategy to promote brain repair, many efforts have been made to study the functional integration of neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), or fetal neurons, after grafting into the damaged host tissue. PSCs hold great promises for their clinical applications, such as cellular replacement of damaged neural tissues with autologous neurons. They also offer the possibility to create in vitro models to assess the efficacy of drugs and therapies. Notwithstanding these potential applications, PSC-derived transplanted neurons have to match the precise sub-type, positional and functional identity of the lesioned neural tissue. Thus, the requirement of highly specific and efficient differentiation protocols of PSCs in neurons with appropriate neural identity constitutes the main challenge limiting the clinical use of stem cells in the near future. In this Review, we discuss the recent advances in the derivation of telencephalic (cortical and hippocampal) neurons from PSCs, assessing specificity and efficiency of the differentiation protocols, with particular emphasis on the genetic and molecular characterization of PSC-derived neurons. Second, we address the remaining challenges for cellular replacement therapies in cortical brain injuries, focusing on electrophysiological properties, functional integration and therapeutic effects of the transplanted neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alia
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Terrigno
- Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Busti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Cremisi
- Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.,Biophysics Institute (IBF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Caleo
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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315
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Abstract
The worldwide increase in the number of patients with end-stage renal disease leads to a growing waiting list for kidney transplantation resulting from the scarcity of kidney donors. Therefore, alternative treatment options for patients with end-stage renal disease are being sought. In vitro differentiation of stem cells into renal tissue is a promising approach to repair nonfunctional kidney tissue. Impressive headway has been made in the use of stem cells with the use of adult renal progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells for the development toward primitive kidney structures. Currently, efforts are directed at improving long-term maintenance and stability of the cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the cell sources used for the generation of kidney cells and strategies used for transplantation in in vivo models. Furthermore, it provides a perspective on stability and safety during future clinical application of in vitro generated kidney cells.
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316
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Zha S, Li Z, Chen C, Du Z, Tay JCK, Wang S. Beta-2 microglobulin knockout K562 cell-based artificial antigen presenting cells for ex vivo expansion of T lymphocytes. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:967-982. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The human K562 leukemia cell line as a scaffold of artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) for ex vivo lymphocyte expansion does not usually express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. However, when stimulated by supernatants from human T lymphocyte cultures, K562 cells upregulate β-2 microglobulin (B2M) and MHC class I expression, which would induce allo-specific T cells. Methods: We disrupted the B2M locus in K562 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 and achieved MHC class I-negative K562 cells. Results: We further generated K562-based MHC class I-negative aAPC line by zinc-finger nuclease mediated insertion of costimulatory molecules into the AAVS1 locus. This aAPC line could attenuate allogeneic immune responses but support robust antigen-independent and CD19 antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cell expansion in vitro. Conclusion: B2M-knockout K562 cells provide a new scaffold for aAPC construction and broader application in adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zha
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Johan Chin-Kang Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669
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317
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Zhu H, Kaufman DS. Engineered human pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells: the next frontier for cancer immunotherapy. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:4-11. [PMID: 35402797 PMCID: PMC8974906 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using immune effector cells has revolutionized cancer treatments with approval of two autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies by the US FDA. Clinical trials using natural killer (NK) cell-based adoptive immunotherapy have been shown to be safe and effective for treatment of multiple malignancies, especially acute myelogenous leukemia. However, most of these trails use primary NK cells isolated from peripheral or cord blood which can have donor-dependent variability and can be challenging to genetic engineer to improve antitumor functions, limiting the widespread use of this promising new therapy. NK cells can now be routinely produced from human pluripotent stem cells, both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These pluripotent stem cells are homogenous, easy to genetically modify on a clonal level and can be used as unlimited source of NK cells, making them ideal population to develop standardized, off-the-shelf adoptive NK cell therapy products. In this review, we discuss recent advances of obtaining and expanding hESC and iPSC-derived NK cells and novel genetic engineering strategies that are being applied to improve their antitumor functions.
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318
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Fourrier A, Delbos F, Menoret S, Collet C, Thi Thuy LT, Myara A, Petit F, Tolosa L, Laplanche S, Gómez‐Lechón MJ, Labrune P, Anegon I, Vallier L, Garnier D, Nguyen TH. Regenerative cell therapy for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats with fresh and frozen human induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived hepatic stem cells. Xenotransplantation 2019; 27:e12544. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Fourrier
- INSERM UMRS 1064‐Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology Nantes France
- CHU Hôtel Dieu Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie Nantes France
- Université de Nantes Faculté de Médecine Nantes France
- GoLiver Therapeutics Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes Nantes France
| | - Frédéric Delbos
- INSERM UMRS 1064‐Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology Nantes France
- CHU Hôtel Dieu Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie Nantes France
- Université de Nantes Faculté de Médecine Nantes France
| | - Séverine Menoret
- INSERM UMRS 1064‐Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology Nantes France
- CHU Hôtel Dieu Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie Nantes France
- Université de Nantes Faculté de Médecine Nantes France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic platform, INSERM 1064, SFR Francois Bonamy CNRS UMS3556 Nantes France
| | - Camille Collet
- INSERM UMRS 1064‐Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology Nantes France
- CHU Hôtel Dieu Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie Nantes France
- Université de Nantes Faculté de Médecine Nantes France
| | - Linh Trinh Thi Thuy
- INSERM UMRS 1064‐Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology Nantes France
- CHU Hôtel Dieu Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie Nantes France
- Université de Nantes Faculté de Médecine Nantes France
| | - Anne Myara
- Service de Biologie Groupe Hospitalier Saint Joseph Paris France
| | - François Petit
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire Hôpital Antoine Béclère Clamart France
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Valencia Spain
| | - Sophie Laplanche
- Service de Biologie Groupe Hospitalier Saint Joseph Paris France
| | - María José Gómez‐Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Valencia Spain
| | - Philippe Labrune
- APHP, CRMR Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme Hépatique Hôpital Antoine Béclère Clamart France
- UFR Kremlin Bicêtre Université paris Sud Paris Saclay Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
- INSERM U1169 Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMRS 1064‐Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology Nantes France
- CHU Hôtel Dieu Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie Nantes France
- Université de Nantes Faculté de Médecine Nantes France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic platform, INSERM 1064, SFR Francois Bonamy CNRS UMS3556 Nantes France
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Department of Surgery, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Delphine Garnier
- INSERM UMRS 1064‐Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology Nantes France
- CHU Hôtel Dieu Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie Nantes France
- Université de Nantes Faculté de Médecine Nantes France
- CRCINA INSERM U1232 Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes Nantes France
| | - Tuan Huy Nguyen
- INSERM UMRS 1064‐Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology Nantes France
- GoLiver Therapeutics Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes Nantes France
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319
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) have great potential to treat heart disease, owing to their capacity of engraftment and remuscularization in the host heart after transplantation. In the current review, we provide an overview of PSC-CMs for clinical transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have shown that PSC-CMs can survive, engraft, and form gap junctions after transplantation, with functional benefit. Engrafted PSC-CMs matured gradually in host hearts. Only in a large animal model, transient ventricular arrhythmias were detected, mainly because of the ectopic pacing from the grafted PSC-CMs. Although intense immunosuppression is unavoidable in xenotransplantation, immunosuppression remains necessary for MHC-matched allogenic non-human primate PSC-CMs transplantation. This review offers insights on how PSC-CMs contribute to functional benefit after transplantation to injured non-human primate hearts. We believe that PSC-CM transplantation represents a potentially novel treatment for ischemic heart diseases, provided that several technological and biological limitations can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kadota
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
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320
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Bailey SR, Maus MV. Gene editing for immune cell therapies. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:1425-1434. [DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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321
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Recent Updates on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Hematological Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5171032. [PMID: 31191673 PMCID: PMC6525795 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5171032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, enormous progress has been made in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Patients' somatic cells such as skin fibroblasts or blood cells can be used to generate disease-specific pluripotent stem cells, which have unlimited proliferation and can differentiate into all cell types of the body. Human iPSCs offer great promises and opportunities for treatments of degenerative diseases and studying disease pathology and drug screening. So far, many iPSC-derived disease models have led to the discovery of novel pathological mechanisms as well as new drugs in the pipeline that have been tested in the iPSC-derived cells for efficacy and potential toxicities. Furthermore, recent advances in genome editing technology in combination with the iPSC technology have provided a versatile platform for studying stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. In this review, an overview of iPSCs, patient-specific iPSCs for disease modeling and drug screening, applications of iPSCs and genome editing technology in hematological disorders, remaining challenges, and future perspectives of iPSCs in hematological diseases will be discussed.
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322
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Hoffman T, Khademhosseini A, Langer R. Chasing the Paradigm: Clinical Translation of 25 Years of Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:679-687. [PMID: 30727841 PMCID: PMC6533781 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In this Perspective, we discuss the impact of the past 25 years of tissue engineering on the development of clinical therapies. Based on their success and other significant research accomplishments, platforms of innovation were identified. Their discoveries will enable tissue engineering inspired therapies to meet the requirements necessary for large-scale manufacturing and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for a diverse range of indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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323
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Qasim W. Allogeneic CAR T cell therapies for leukemia. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:S50-S54. [PMID: 30632623 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells can offer advantages over autologous T cell therapies, including the availability of "fit" cells for production, and elimination of risks associated with inadvertent transduction of leukemic blasts. However, allogeneic T cell therapies must address HLA barriers and conventionally rely on the availability of a suitable HLA-matched donor if graft-vs-host-disease and rejection effects are to be avoided. More recently, the incorporation of additional genome editing manipulations, to disrupt T cell receptor expression and address other critical pathways have been explored. Clinical trials are underway investigating non-HLA matched T cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs for the treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and anti-CD123 CAR for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Such approaches continue to be refined and improved to widen accessibility and reduce the cost of T cell therapies for a wider range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Qasim
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London United Kingdom
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324
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Kamiya T, Seow SV, Wong D, Robinson M, Campana D. Blocking expression of inhibitory receptor NKG2A overcomes tumor resistance to NK cells. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2094-2106. [PMID: 30860984 PMCID: PMC6486333 DOI: 10.1172/jci123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A key mechanism of tumor resistance to immune cells is mediated by expression of peptide-loaded HLA-E in tumor cells, which suppresses natural killer (NK) cell activity via ligation of the NK inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A. Gene expression data from approximately 10,000 tumor samples showed widespread HLAE expression, with levels correlating with those of KLRC1 (NKG2A) and KLRD1 (CD94). To bypass HLA-E inhibition, we developed a way to generate highly functional NK cells lacking NKG2A. Constructs containing a single-chain variable fragment derived from an anti-NKG2A antibody were linked to endoplasmic reticulum-retention domains. After retroviral transduction in human peripheral blood NK cells, these NKG2A Protein Expression Blockers (PEBLs) abrogated NKG2A expression. The resulting NKG2Anull NK cells had higher cytotoxicity against HLA-E-expressing tumor cells. Transduction of anti-NKG2A PEBL produced more potent cytotoxicity than interference with an anti-NKG2A antibody and prevented de novo NKG2A expression, without affecting NK cell proliferation. In immunodeficient mice, NKG2Anull NK cells were significantly more powerful than NKG2A+ NK cells against HLA-E-expressing tumors. Thus, NKG2A downregulation evades the HLA-E cancer immune-checkpoint, and increases the anti-tumor activity of NK cell infusions. Because this strategy is easily adaptable to current protocols for clinical-grade immune cell processing, its clinical testing is feasible and warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamiya
- Department of Pediatrics and National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - See Voon Seow
- Department of Pediatrics and National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Desmond Wong
- Department of Pediatrics and National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dario Campana
- Department of Pediatrics and National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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325
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Doss MX, Sachinidis A. Current Challenges of iPSC-Based Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050403. [PMID: 31052294 PMCID: PMC6562607 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modelling and the cell replacement therapy approach have proven to be very powerful and instrumental in biomedical research and personalized regenerative medicine as evidenced in the past decade by unraveling novel pathological mechanisms of a multitude of monogenic diseases at the cellular level and the ongoing and emerging clinical trials with iPSC-derived cell products. iPSC-based disease modelling has sparked widespread enthusiasm and has presented an unprecedented opportunity in high throughput drug discovery platforms and safety pharmacology in association with three-dimensional multicellular organoids such as personalized organs-on-chips, gene/base editing, artificial intelligence and high throughput "omics" methodologies. This critical review summarizes the progress made in the past decade with the advent of iPSC discovery in biomedical applications and regenerative medicine with case examples and the current major challenges that need to be addressed to unleash the full potential of iPSCs in clinical settings and pharmacology for more effective and safer regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Xavier Doss
- Technology Development Division, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA.
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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326
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Abstract
Polymorphic HLAs form the primary immune barrier to cell therapy. In addition, innate immune surveillance impacts cell engraftment, yet a strategy to control both, adaptive and innate immunity, is lacking. Here we employed multiplex genome editing to specifically ablate the expression of the highly polymorphic HLA-A/-B/-C and HLA class II in human pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, to prevent innate immune rejection and further suppress adaptive immune responses, we expressed the immunomodulatory factors PD-L1, HLA-G, and the macrophage "don't-eat me" signal CD47 from the AAVS1 safe harbor locus. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo immunoassays, we found that T cell responses were blunted. Moreover, NK cell killing and macrophage engulfment of our engineered cells were minimal. Our results describe an approach that effectively targets adaptive as well as innate immune responses and may therefore enable cell therapy on a broader scale.
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327
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MacDonald KN, Piret JM, Levings MK. Methods to manufacture regulatory T cells for cell therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:52-63. [PMID: 30913302 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg ) therapy has shown promise in early clinical trials for treating graft-versus-host disease, transplant rejection and autoimmune disorders. A challenge has been to isolate sufficiently pure Tregs and expand them to a clinical dose. However, there has been considerable progress in the development and optimization of these methods, resulting in a variety of manufacturing protocols being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize methods that have been used to manufacture Tregs for clinical trials, including the choice of cell source and protocols for cell isolation and expansion. We also discuss alternative culture or genome editing methods for modulating Treg specificity, function or stability that could be applied to future clinical manufacturing protocols to increase the efficacy of Treg therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N MacDonald
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J M Piret
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M K Levings
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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328
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Lee JM. When CAR Meets Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081825. [PMID: 31013813 PMCID: PMC6514932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of immune cells from human pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) has been of keen interest to regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells such as natural killer cells, macrophages, and lymphoid cells, especially T cells, can be used in immune cell therapy to treat incurable cancers. Moreover, since the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology, the success of CAR-T cells in the clinic has galvanized new efforts to harness the power of CAR technology to generate CAR-engineered immune cells from pluripotent stem cells. This review provides a summary of pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells and CAR technology, together with perspectives on combining pluripotent stem-cell derived immune cells and CAR engineering to pave a new way for developing next generation immune cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea.
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329
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Wang Y, Huang J, Gong L, Yu D, An C, Bunpetch V, Dai J, Huang H, Zou X, Ouyang H, Liu H. The Plasticity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regulating Surface HLA-I. iScience 2019; 15:66-78. [PMID: 31030183 PMCID: PMC6487373 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A low surface expression level of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) ensures that the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) escape from the allogeneic recipients' immunological surveillance. Here, we discovered that both transcriptional and synthesis levels of HLA-I in MSCs increased continuously after interferon (IFN)-γ treatment, whereas interestingly, their surface HLA-I expression was downregulated after reaching an HLA-I surface expression peak. Microarray data indicated that the post-transcriptional process plays an important role in the downregulation of surface HLA-I. Further studies identified that IFN-γ-treated MSCs accelerated HLA-I endocytosis through a clathrin-independent dynamin-dependent endocytosis pathway. Furthermore, cells that have self-downregulated surface HLA-I expression elicit a weaker immune response than they previously could. Thus uncovering the plasticity of MSCs in the regulation of HLA-I surface expression would reveal insights into the membrane transportation events leading to the maintenance of low surface HLA-I expression, providing more evidence for selecting and optimizing low-immunogenic MSCs to improve the therapeutic efficiency. hESC-MSCs have the plasticity of maintaining low HLA-I expression on cell surface hESC-MSCs downregulate the surface HLA-I expression through endocytosis of HLA-I hESC-MSCs with lower HLA-I surface expression induce weaker MLR and slighter DTH
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Jiayun Huang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310009, P.R.China; Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310009, P.R.China
| | - Lin Gong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R.China
| | - Chenrui An
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Varitsara Bunpetch
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R.China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R.China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute & School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China.
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330
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Xu H, Wang B, Ono M, Kagita A, Fujii K, Sasakawa N, Ueda T, Gee P, Nishikawa M, Nomura M, Kitaoka F, Takahashi T, Okita K, Yoshida Y, Kaneko S, Hotta A. Targeted Disruption of HLA Genes via CRISPR-Cas9 Generates iPSCs with Enhanced Immune Compatibility. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:566-578.e7. [PMID: 30853558 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have strong potential in regenerative medicine applications; however, immune rejection caused by HLA mismatching is a concern. B2M gene knockout and HLA-homozygous iPSC stocks can address this issue, but the former approach may induce NK cell activity and fail to present antigens, and it is challenging to recruit rare donors for the latter method. Here, we show two genome-editing strategies for making immunocompatible donor iPSCs. First, we generated HLA pseudo-homozygous iPSCs with allele-specific editing of HLA heterozygous iPSCs. Second, we generated HLA-C-retained iPSCs by disrupting both HLA-A and -B alleles to suppress the NK cell response while maintaining antigen presentation. HLA-C-retained iPSCs could evade T cells and NK cells in vitro and in vivo. We estimated that 12 lines of HLA-C-retained iPSCs combined with HLA-class II knockout are immunologically compatible with >90% of the world's population, greatly facilitating iPSC-based regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaigeng Xu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ono
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kagita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaho Fujii
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Sasakawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ueda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter Gee
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Nishikawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kitaoka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
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331
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Navigating Two Roads to Glucose Normalization in Diabetes: Automated Insulin Delivery Devices and Cell Therapy. Cell Metab 2019; 29:545-563. [PMID: 30840911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Incredible strides have been made since the discovery of insulin almost 100 years ago. Insulin formulations have improved dramatically, glucose levels can be measured continuously, and recently first-generation biomechanical "artificial pancreas" systems have been approved by regulators around the globe. However, still only a small fraction of patients with diabetes achieve glycemic goals. Replacement of insulin-producing cells via transplantation shows significant promise, but is limited in application due to supply constraints (cadaver-based) and the need for chronic immunosuppression. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made to address these barriers to widespread implementation of a cell therapy. Can glucose levels in people with diabetes be normalized with artificial pancreas systems or via cell replacement approaches? Here we review the road ahead, including the challenges and opportunities of both approaches.
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332
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Madonna R, Van Laake LW, Botker HE, Davidson SM, De Caterina R, Engel FB, Eschenhagen T, Fernandez-Aviles F, Hausenloy DJ, Hulot JS, Lecour S, Leor J, Menasché P, Pesce M, Perrino C, Prunier F, Van Linthout S, Ytrehus K, Zimmermann WH, Ferdinandy P, Sluijter JPG. ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart: position paper for Cardiovascular Research: tissue engineering strategies combined with cell therapies for cardiac repair in ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:488-500. [PMID: 30657875 PMCID: PMC6383054 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) remain significant in Europe and are increasing worldwide. Patients with IHD or HF might benefit from novel therapeutic strategies, such as cell-based therapies. We recently discussed the therapeutic potential of cell-based therapies and provided recommendations on how to improve the therapeutic translation of these novel strategies for effective cardiac regeneration and repair. Despite major advances in optimizing these strategies with respect to cell source and delivery method, the clinical outcome of cell-based therapy remains unsatisfactory. Major obstacles are the low engraftment and survival rate of transplanted cells in the harmful microenvironment of the host tissue, and the paucity or even lack of endogenous cells with repair capacity. Therefore, new ways of delivering cells and their derivatives are required in order to empower cell-based cardiac repair and regeneration in patients with IHD or HF. Strategies using tissue engineering (TE) combine cells with matrix materials to enhance cell retention or cell delivery in the transplanted area, and have recently received much attention for this purpose. Here, we summarize knowledge on novel approaches emerging from the TE scenario. In particular, we will discuss how combinations of cell/bio-materials (e.g. hydrogels, cell sheets, prefabricated matrices, microspheres, and injectable matrices) combinations might enhance cell retention or cell delivery in the transplantation areas, thereby increase the success rate of cell therapies for IHD and HF. We will not focus on the use of classical engineering approaches, employing fully synthetic materials, because of their unsatisfactory material properties which render them not clinically applicable. The overall aim of this Position Paper from the ESC Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to provide recommendations on how to proceed in research with these novel TE strategies combined with cell-based therapies to boost cardiac repair in the clinical settings of IHD and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University—Chieti, Italy
- University of Texas Medical School in Houston, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Erik Botker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University—Chieti, Italy
- University of Texas Medical School in Houston, USA
- University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Muscle Research Center Erlangen, MURCE
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Fernandez-Aviles
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
- The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, London, UK
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jean-Sebastien Hulot
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM UMRS 970, Paris, France
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Tamman and Neufeld Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 970, Paris, France
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- Institut Mitovasc, INSERM, CNRS, Université d’Angers, Service de Cardiologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, III-V Floor, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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333
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Hypoimmunogenic derivatives of induced pluripotent stem cells evade immune rejection in fully immunocompetent allogeneic recipients. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:252-258. [PMID: 30778232 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) constitute an unlimited cell source for patient-specific cell-based organ repair strategies. However, their generation and subsequent differentiation into specific cells or tissues entail cell line-specific manufacturing challenges and form a lengthy process that precludes acute treatment modalities. These shortcomings could be overcome by using prefabricated allogeneic cell or tissue products, but the vigorous immune response against histo-incompatible cells has prevented the successful implementation of this approach. Here we show that both mouse and human iPSCs lose their immunogenicity when major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II genes are inactivated and CD47 is over-expressed. These hypoimmunogenic iPSCs retain their pluripotent stem cell potential and differentiation capacity. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes derived from hypoimmunogenic mouse or human iPSCs reliably evade immune rejection in fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic recipients and survive long-term without the use of immunosuppression. These findings suggest that hypoimmunogenic cell grafts can be engineered for universal transplantation.
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334
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Eisenberg V, Hoogi S, Shamul A, Barliya T, Cohen CJ. T-cells "à la CAR-T(e)" - Genetically engineering T-cell response against cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:23-40. [PMID: 30653988 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade will be remembered as the dawn of the immunotherapy era during which we have witnessed the approval by regulatory agencies of genetically engineered CAR T-cells and of checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment. Understandably, T-lymphocytes represent the essential player in these approaches. These cells can mediate impressive tumor regression in terminally-ill cancer patients. Moreover, they are amenable to genetic engineering to improve their function and specificity. In the present review, we will give an overview of the most recent developments in the field of T-cell genetic engineering including TCR-gene transfer and CAR T-cells strategies. We will also elaborate on the development of other types of genetic modifications to enhance their anti-tumor immune response such as the use of co-stimulatory chimeric receptors (CCRs) and unconventional CARs built on non-antibody molecules. Finally, we will discuss recent advances in genome editing and synthetic biology applied to T-cell engineering and comment on the next challenges ahead.
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335
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Holzinger A, Abken H. CAR T Cells: A Snapshot on the Growing Options to Design a CAR. Hemasphere 2019; 3:e172. [PMID: 31723811 PMCID: PMC6745938 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy of malignant diseases with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells rapidly advanced from pre-clinical models to commercial approvals within 2 decades. CARs redirect patient's T cells towards cancer cells and activate the engineered cells for a cytolytic attack resulting in the destruction of the cognate target cell. CAR T cells have demonstrated their powerful capacities in inducing complete and lasting remissions of leukemia/lymphoma in an increasing number of trials worldwide. Since the early 90's, the design of CARs went through various steps of optimization until the very recent developments which include CARs with logic gating in the recognition of antigen patterns on target cells and TRUCKs with a target recognition induced delivery of immune modulating agents. Here we review the generations in CAR design, the impact of specific modifications, the strategies to improve the safety of CAR T cell therapy, and the challenges to adapt the CAR design for broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Holzinger
- RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Chair for Gene-Immune Therapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Chair for Gene-Immune Therapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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336
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Jang S, Collin de l'Hortet A, Soto-Gutierrez A. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells: Overview, Current Advances, Applications, and Future Directions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:502-512. [PMID: 30653953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are prevalent in our bodies and serve multiple functions. By lining the vasculature, they provide a barrier to tissues and facilitate the transport of molecules and cells. They also maintain hemostasis and modulate blood flow by reacting to chemokines and releasing signal molecules. Thus, endothelial dysfunction leads to a wide variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. In today's era of stem cell research, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) have emerged for research and engineering purposes. They are not only tools for studying disease states but are also a crucial part of efforts to engineer vessel and organ grafts. As the techniques in cell culture, microfluidics, and personalized medicine concomitantly improve, the potential for iPSC-ECs is enormous. We review functions of endothelium in our bodies, the development and uses of iPSC-ECs, and the possible avenues to explore in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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337
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Kramer J, Chirco KR, Lamba DA. Immunological Considerations for Retinal Stem Cell Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1186:99-119. [PMID: 31654387 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28471-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing effort toward generating replacement cells for neuronal application due to the nonregenerative nature of these tissues. While much progress has been made toward developing methodologies to generate these cells, there have been limited improvements in functional restoration. Some of these are linked to the degenerative and often nonreceptive microenvironment that the new cells need to integrate into. In this chapter, we will focus on the status and role of the immune microenvironment of the retina during homeostasis and disease states. We will review changes in both innate and adaptive immunity as well as the role of immune rejection in stem cell replacement therapies. The chapter will end with a discussion of immune-modulatory strategies that have helped to ameliorate these effects and could potentially improve functional outcome for cell replacement therapies for the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kramer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Deepak A Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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338
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Iriguchi S, Kaneko S. Toward the development of true "off-the-shelf" synthetic T-cell immunotherapy. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:16-22. [PMID: 30485606 PMCID: PMC6317915 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent outstanding clinical results produced by engineered T cells, including chimeric antigen receptors, have already facilitated further research that broadens their applicability. One such direction is to explore new T cell sources for allogeneic “off‐the‐shelf” adoptive immunotherapy. Human pluripotent stem cells could serve as an alternative cell source for this purpose due to their unique features of infinite propagation ability and pluripotency. Here, we describe the current state of engineered T cell transfer with the focus on cell manufacturing processes and the potentials and challenges of induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived T cells as a starting material to construct off‐the‐shelf T‐cell banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Iriguchi
- Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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339
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Haake K, Ackermann M, Lachmann N. Concise Review: Towards the Clinical Translation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Blood Cells-Ready for Take-Off. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:332-339. [PMID: 30585439 PMCID: PMC6431684 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in 2006, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened up a world of possibilities for regenerative medicine and novel cell‐based therapeutics. Now, over a decade later, robust reprogramming and expansion and differentiation protocols have been developed, and iPSC‐derived cells have been used in a wide variety of small and large animal models to treat many different diseases. Furthermore, the first iPSC derivatives are on their way into clinical trials. In this line, (i) GMP‐compliant generation, cultivation, and differentiation, (ii) preclinical efficacy and safety, as well as (iii) ethical and regulatory compliance of stem cell research represent important aspects that need to be evaluated for proper clinical translation of iPSCs and their derivatives. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current advances and challenges of the clinical translation of iPSC‐derived blood cells and highlight the most pressing problems that have to be overcome in the next years. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:332–339
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Haake
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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340
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew B Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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341
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Ackermann M, Kempf H, Hetzel M, Hesse C, Hashtchin AR, Brinkert K, Schott JW, Haake K, Kühnel MP, Glage S, Figueiredo C, Jonigk D, Sewald K, Schambach A, Wronski S, Moritz T, Martin U, Zweigerdt R, Munder A, Lachmann N. Bioreactor-based mass production of human iPSC-derived macrophages enables immunotherapies against bacterial airway infections. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5088. [PMID: 30504915 PMCID: PMC6269475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of severe infections with multi-drug-resistant pathogens worldwide highlights the need for alternative treatment options. Given the pivotal role of phagocytes and especially alveolar macrophages in pulmonary immunity, we introduce a new, cell-based treatment strategy to target bacterial airway infections. Here we show that the mass production of therapeutic phagocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in industry-compatible, stirred-tank bioreactors is feasible. Bioreactor-derived iPSC-macrophages (iPSC-Mac) represent a highly pure population of CD45+CD11b+CD14+CD163+ cells, and share important phenotypic, functional and transcriptional hallmarks with professional phagocytes, however with a distinct transcriptome signature similar to primitive macrophages. Most importantly, bioreactor-derived iPSC-Mac rescue mice from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mediated acute infections of the lower respiratory tract within 4-8 h post intra-pulmonary transplantation and reduce bacterial load. Generation of specific immune-cells from iPSC-sources in scalable stirred-tank bioreactors can extend the field of immunotherapy towards bacterial infections, and may allow for further innovative cell-based treatment strategies. Pulmonary infections constitute a substantial health problem worldwide. Here the authors show that phagocytes similar to primitive macrophages can be generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells, by the use of industry-compatible, stirred-tank bioreactors, and applied as a cell-based therapy to treat acute bacterial infections in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mania Ackermann
- JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Miriam Hetzel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), REBIRTH Cluster-of Excellence, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Rafiei Hashtchin
- JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brinkert
- Clinical Research Group 'Cystic Fibrosis', Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane Wilhelmine Schott
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Haake
- JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Philipp Kühnel
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), REBIRTH Cluster-of Excellence, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sabine Wronski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), REBIRTH Cluster-of Excellence, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Munder
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Clinical Research Group 'Cystic Fibrosis', Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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342
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Ishigaki H, Shiina T, Ogasawara K. MHC-identical and transgenic cynomolgus macaques for preclinical studies. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:30. [PMID: 30479676 PMCID: PMC6249769 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques are useful experimental animals that are physiologically and genetically close to humans. We have developed two kinds of experimental usage of cynomolgus macaque: transplantation and disease models. First, we identified certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes including homozygotes and heterozygotes in cynomolgus macaques native to the Philippines, because they have less polymorphism in the MHC than that in other origins such as Vietnam and Indonesia. As a preclinical model of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) stock project, we established iPSCs from various types of MHC homozygous macaques, which were transplanted into compatible MHC heterozygous macaques, the iPSC stock project was experimentally shown to be effective. Second, to obtain disease models of cynomolgus macaques for studies on regenerative medicine including cell therapies, we established two kinds of genetic technology to modify cynomolgus macaques: transgenic technology and gene editing technology using CRISPR-Cas9. We will establish disease models, such as Alzheimer's disease and progeria (Werner syndrome). In future, we will distribute the MHC-identical cynomolgus monkeys and genetically modified macaques to researchers, especially those engaging in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Ishigaki
- 1Division of Pathology and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- 2Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shiomokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- 1Division of Pathology and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan.,3Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
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343
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Gasparini SJ, Llonch S, Borsch O, Ader M. Transplantation of photoreceptors into the degenerative retina: Current state and future perspectives. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 69:1-37. [PMID: 30445193 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian retina displays no intrinsic regenerative capacities, therefore retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or retinitis pigmentosa (RP) result in a permanent loss of the light-sensing photoreceptor cells. The degeneration of photoreceptors leads to vision impairment and, in later stages, complete blindness. Several therapeutic strategies have been developed to slow down or prevent further retinal degeneration, however a definitive cure i.e. replacement of the lost photoreceptors, has not yet been established. Cell-based treatment approaches, by means of photoreceptor transplantation, have been studied in pre-clinical animal models over the last three decades. The introduction of pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids represents, in principle, an unlimited source for the generation of transplantable human photoreceptors. However, safety, immunological and reproducibility-related issues regarding the use of such cells still need to be solved. Moreover, the recent finding of cytoplasmic material transfer between donor and host photoreceptors demands reinterpretation of several former transplantation studies. At the same time, material transfer between healthy donor and dysfunctional patient photoreceptors also offers a potential alternative strategy for therapeutic intervention. In this review we discuss the history and current state of photoreceptor transplantation, the techniques used to assess rescue of visual function, the prerequisites for effective transplantation as well as the main roadblocks, including safety and immune response to the graft, that need to be overcome for successful clinical translation of photoreceptor transplantation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Gasparini
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sílvia Llonch
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Borsch
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Ader
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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344
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Sambathkumar R, Migliorini A, Nostro MC. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Progenitors and β-Like Cells for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:394-402. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the processes guiding human pancreas development and provide an update on methods to efficiently generate pancreatic progenitors (PPs) and β-like cells in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Furthermore, we assess the strengths and weaknesses of using PPs and β-like cell for cell replacement therapy for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes with respect to cell manufacturing, engrafting, functionality, and safety. Finally, we discuss the identification and use of specific cell surface markers to generate safer populations of PPs for clinical translation and to study the development of PPs in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangarajan Sambathkumar
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adriana Migliorini
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Nostro
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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345
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Sawada M, Sugiyama D, Nii T, Konno K, Kagimoto HT. A Japanese Bioventure Company's Application of Stem Cell Technology in Regenerative Medicine. Clin Ther 2018; 40:1801-1806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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346
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Saetersmoen ML, Hammer Q, Valamehr B, Kaufman DS, Malmberg KJ. Off-the-shelf cell therapy with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:59-68. [PMID: 30361801 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is emerging as a very promising therapeutic modality against cancer, spearheaded by the clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells for B cell malignancies. Currently, FDA-approved CAR-T cell products are based on engineering of autologous T cells harvested from the patient, typically using a central manufacturing facility for gene editing before the product can be delivered to the clinic and infused to the patients. For a broader implementation of advanced cell therapy and to reduce costs, it would be advantageous to use allogeneic "universal" cell therapy products that can be stored in cell banks and provided upon request, in a manner analogous to biopharmaceutical drug products. In this review, we outline a roadmap for development of off-the-shelf cell therapy based on natural killer (NK) cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We discuss strategies to engineer iPSC-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells for enhanced functional potential, persistence, and homing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden. .,Institute for Cancer research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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347
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Yang J, Park JW, Zheng D, Xu RH. Universal Corneal Epithelial-Like Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Cellularization of a Corneal Scaffold. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:23. [PMID: 30323996 PMCID: PMC6181193 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.5.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We generated universal corneal epithelial cells (CEC) from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) by genetically removing human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I from the cell surface. Methods The serum-free, growth factor-free, and defined medium E6 was used to differentiate hESC to CEC. Decellularized murine corneas were recellularized with hESC-derived CEC. Using CRISPR/Cas9, β-2-microglobulin (B2M) was deleted in hESC to block the assembly of HLA class-I antigens on the cell surface to generate B2M−/− CEC. Results E6 alone was sufficient to allow hESC differentiation to CEC. A time-course analysis of the global gene expression of the differentiating cells indicates that the differentiation closely resembles the corneal development in vivo. The hESC-CEC were highly proliferative, and could form multilayer epithelium in decellularized murine cornea, retain its transparency, and form intact tight junctions on its surface. As reported before, B2M knockout led to the absence of HLA class-I on the cell surface of hESC and subsequently derived CEC following stimulation with inflammatory factors. Moreover, B2M−/− CEC, following transplantation into mouse eyes, caused less T-cell infiltration in the limbal region of the eye than the wild-type control. Conclusions CEC can be derived from hESC via a novel and simple protocol free of any proteins, hESC-CEC seeded on decellularized animal cornea form tight junctions and allow light transmittance, and B2M−/− CEC are hypoimmunogenic both in vitro and in vivo. Translational Relevance B2M−/− hESC-CEC can be an unlimited and universal therapy for corneal repair in patients of any HLA type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jung Woo Park
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Dejin Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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348
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Engineering endocrine pancreatic tissue is an emerging topic in type 1 diabetes with the intent to overcome the current limitation of β cell transplantation. During islet isolation, the vascularized structure and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) are completely disrupted. Once implanted, islets slowly engraft and mostly are lost for the initial avascular phase. This review discusses the main building blocks required to engineer the endocrine pancreas: (i) islet niche ECM, (ii) islet niche vascular network, and (iii) new available sources of endocrine cells. RECENT FINDINGS Current approaches include the following: tissue engineering of endocrine grafts by seeding of native or synthetic ECM scaffolds with human islets, vascularization of native or synthetic ECM prior to implantation, vascular functionalization of ECM structures to enhance angiogenesis after implantation, generation of engineered animals as human organ donors, and embryonic and pluripotent stem cell-derived endocrine cells that may be encapsulated or genetically engineered to be immunotolerated. Substantial technological improvements have been made to regenerate or engineer endocrine pancreatic tissue; however, significant hurdles remain, and more research is needed to develop a technology to integrate all components of viable endocrine tissue for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Citro
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Harald C Ott
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 4700, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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349
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW New treatment strategies are needed for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Closed loop insulin delivery and beta-cell replacement therapy are promising new strategies. This review aims to give an insight in the most relevant literature on this topic and to compare the two radically different treatment modalities. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple clinical studies have been performed with closed loop insulin delivery devices and have shown an improvement in overall glycemic control and time spent in hypoglycemia. Beta-cell transplantation has been shown to normalize or greatly improve glycemic control in T1D, but the donor organ shortage and the necessity to use immunosuppressive agents are major drawbacks. Donor organ shortage may be solved by the utilization of stem cell-derived beta cells, which has shown great promise in animal models and are now tested in clinical studies. Immunosuppression may be avoided by encapsulation. Closed loop insulin delivery devices are promising treatment strategies and are likely to be used in clinical practice in the short term. But this approach will always suffer from delays in glucose measurement and insulin action preventing it from normalizing glycemic control. In the long term, stem cell-derived beta cell transplantation may be able to achieve this, but wide implementation in clinical practice is still far away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel F. Nijhoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J. P. de Koning
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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350
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Forsberg MH, Das A, Saha K, Capitini CM. The potential of CAR T therapy for relapsed or refractory pediatric and young adult B-cell ALL. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:1573-1584. [PMID: 30233192 PMCID: PMC6130274 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s146309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in immunooncology have resulted in the generation of novel therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, which have revolutionized the treatment of pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The journey of tisagenlecleucel (formerly CTL019) from early preclinical success to the US Food and Drug Administration approval is summarized in this review. Strategies that are currently being investigated to improve the efficacy and safety profile of CAR T-cells are also explored, as well as the factors contributing to the present state of patient access to CAR T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Forsberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA,
| | - Amritava Das
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
- Department of Medical History & Bioethics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA,
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
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