301
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Nemeth J, Schundner A, Frick M. Insights Into Development and Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis From Single Cell RNA Studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:611728. [PMID: 33392232 PMCID: PMC7772461 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.611728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with limited therapeutic options. The current model suggests that chronic or repetitive "micro-injuries" of the alveolar epithelium lead to activation and proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Disruption of alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cell homeostasis and the characteristics of mesenchymal cell populations in IPF have received particular attention in recent years. Emerging data from single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis shed novel light on alterations in ATII cell progenitor dysfunction and the diversity of mesenchymal cells within the fibrotic lung. Within this minireview, we summarize the data from most recent human scRNAseq studies. We aim to collate the current knowledge on cellular plasticity and heterogeneity in the development and progression of IPF, effects of drug treatment on transcriptional changes. Finally, we provide a brief outlook on future challenges and promises for large scale sequencing studies in the development of novel therapeutics for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nemeth
- Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Schundner
- Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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302
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Fastrès A, Pirottin D, Fievez L, Tutunaru AC, Bolen G, Merveille AC, Marichal T, Desmet CJ, Bureau F, Clercx C. Identification of Pro-Fibrotic Macrophage Populations by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis in West Highland White Terriers Affected With Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:611749. [PMID: 33384697 PMCID: PMC7770158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) affects old dogs from the West Highland white terrier (WHWT) breed and mimics idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in human. The disease results from deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lung parenchyma causing respiratory failure. Recent studies in IPF using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed the presence of profibrotic macrophage populations in the lung, which could be targeted for therapeutic purpose. In dogs, scRNA-seq was recently validated for the detection of cell populations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from healthy dogs. Here we used the scRNA-seq to characterize disease-related heterogeneity within cell populations of macrophages/monocytes (Ma/Mo) in the BALF from five WHWTs affected with CIPF in comparison with three healthy WHWTs. Gene set enrichment analysis was also used to assess pro-fibrotic capacities of Ma/Mo populations. Five clusters of Ma/Mo were identified. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed the presence of pro-fibrotic monocytes in higher proportion in CIPF WHWTs than in healthy WHWTs. In addition, monocyte-derived macrophages enriched in pro-fibrotic genes in CIPF compared with healthy WHWTs were also identified. These results suggest the implication of Ma/Mo clusters in CIPF processes, although, further research is needed to understand their role in disease pathogenesis. Overexpressed molecules associated with pulmonary fibrosis processes were also identified that could be used as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fastrès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Pirottin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandru-Cosmin Tutunaru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Bolen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Christine Merveille
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe J Desmet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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303
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Bormann T, Maus R, Stolper J, Jonigk D, Welte T, Gauldie J, Kolb M, Maus UA. Role of the COX2-PGE 2 axis in S. pneumoniae-induced exacerbation of experimental fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L377-L392. [PMID: 33296268 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00024.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients with ILD frequently develop an acute exacerbation of their disease, which may be triggered by viral and/or bacterial infections. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an eicosanoid released in a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)-dependent manner and is considered to contribute to regulation of lung fibrosis. However, its role in infection-induced exacerbation of lung fibrosis is poorly defined. We found significantly increased levels of PGE2 in lung tissue of patients with ILD. Increased levels of PGE2 were also found in lung tissue of mice with AdTGF-β1-induced lung fibrosis and even more so in Streptococcus pneumoniae exacerbated lung fibrosis. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT II cells) and alveolar macrophages (AM) contributed to PGE2 release during exacerbating fibrosis. Application of parecoxib to inhibit PGE2 synthesis ameliorated lung fibrosis, whereas intratracheal application of PGE2 worsened lung fibrosis in mice. Both interventions had no effect on S. pneumoniae-exacerbated lung fibrosis. Together, we found that the COX2-PGE2 axis has dual roles in fibrosis that may offset each other: PGE2 helps resolve infection/attenuate inflammation in fibrosis exacerbation but accentuates TGF-β/AT II cell-mediated fibrosis. These data support the efficacy of COX/PGE2 interventions in the setting of non-exacerbating lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Bormann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, partner site BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research, partner site BREATH, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jack Gauldie
- Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, partner site BREATH, Hannover, Germany
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304
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Redente EF, Chakraborty S, Sajuthi S, Black BP, Edelman BL, Seibold MA, Riches DW. Loss of Fas signaling in fibroblasts impairs homeostatic fibrosis resolution and promotes persistent pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 6:141618. [PMID: 33290280 PMCID: PMC7821600 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible fibrotic disease of the distal lung alveoli that culminates in respiratory failure and reduced lifespan. Unlike normal lung repair in response to injury, IPF is associated with the accumulation and persistence of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as continued production of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Prior in vitro studies have led to the hypothesis that the development of resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis by lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts contributes to their accumulation in the distal lung tissues of IPF patients. Here, we test this hypothesis in vivo in the resolving model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Using genetic loss-of-function approaches to inhibit Fas signaling in fibroblasts, potentially novel flow cytometry strategies to quantify lung fibroblast subsets, and transcriptional profiling of lung fibroblasts by bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, we show that Fas is necessary for lung fibroblast apoptosis during homeostatic resolution of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, we show that loss of Fas signaling leads to the persistence and continued profibrotic functions of lung fibroblasts. Our studies provide insights into the mechanisms that contribute to fibroblast survival, persistence, and continued ECM deposition in the context of IPF and how failure to undergo Fas-induced apoptosis impairs fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sangeeta Chakraborty
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Satria Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Bart P Black
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ben L Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David Wh Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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305
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Eickelberg O, Misharin AV, Sime PJ. Reproducible Single-Cell Genomic Research in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1495-1497. [PMID: 32916059 PMCID: PMC7706163 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3073ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois and
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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306
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TGF-β Pathway in Salivary Gland Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239138. [PMID: 33266300 PMCID: PMC7730716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is presented in various physiologic and pathologic conditions of the salivary gland. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in several organs, including the salivary glands. Among the TGF-β superfamily members, TGF-β1 and 2 are pro-fibrotic ligands, whereas TGF-β3 and some bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are anti-fibrotic ligands. TGF-β1 is thought to be associated with the pro-fibrotic pathogenesis of sialadenitis, post-radiation salivary gland dysfunction, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Potential therapeutic strategies that target multiple levels in the TGF-β pathway are under preclinical and clinical research for fibrosis. Despite the anti-fibrotic effect of BMPs, their in vivo delivery poses a challenge in terms of adequate clinical efficacy. In this article, we will review the relevance of TGF-β signaling in salivary gland fibrosis and advances of potential therapeutic options in the field.
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307
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Henderson NC, Rieder F, Wynn TA. Fibrosis: from mechanisms to medicines. Nature 2020; 587:555-566. [PMID: 33239795 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 795] [Impact Index Per Article: 198.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect any organ and is responsible for up to 45% of all deaths in the industrialized world. It has long been thought to be relentlessly progressive and irreversible, but both preclinical models and clinical trials in various organ systems have shown that fibrosis is a highly dynamic process. This has clear implications for therapeutic interventions that are designed to capitalize on this inherent plasticity. However, despite substantial progress in our understanding of the pathobiology of fibrosis, a translational gap remains between the identification of putative antifibrotic targets and conversion of this knowledge into effective treatments in humans. Here we discuss the transformative experimental strategies that are being leveraged to dissect the key cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate fibrosis, and the translational approaches that are enabling the emergence of precision medicine-based therapies for patients with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Henderson
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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308
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Phan THG, Paliogiannis P, Nasrallah GK, Giordo R, Eid AH, Fois AG, Zinellu A, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. Emerging cellular and molecular determinants of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2031-2057. [PMID: 33201251 PMCID: PMC7669490 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, is a progressive, irreversible, and typically lethal disease characterized by an abnormal fibrotic response involving vast areas of the lungs. Given the poor knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning IPF onset and progression, a better understanding of the cellular processes and molecular pathways involved is essential for the development of effective therapies, currently lacking. Besides a number of established IPF-associated risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, environmental factors, comorbidities, and viral infections, several other processes have been linked with this devastating disease. Apoptosis, senescence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and epithelial cell migration have been shown to play a key role in IPF-associated tissue remodeling. Moreover, molecules, such as chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, adenosine, glycosaminoglycans, non-coding RNAs, and cellular processes including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and alternative polyadenylation have been linked with IPF development. Importantly, strategies targeting these processes have been investigated to modulate abnormal cellular phenotypes and maintain tissue homeostasis in the lung. This review provides an update regarding the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thị Hằng Giang Phan
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Biomedical Research Center Qatar University, P.O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Hussein Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alessandro Giuseppe Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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309
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Sumbal J, Belisova D, Koledova Z. Fibroblasts: The grey eminence of mammary gland development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:134-142. [PMID: 33158729 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of mammary gland stroma in the regulation of mammary epithelial development, function, and cancer has long been recognized. Only recently, though, the functions of individual stromal cell populations have begun to become more clarified. Mammary fibroblasts have emerged as master regulators and modulators of epithelial cell behavior through paracrine signaling, extracellular matrix production and remodeling, and through regulation of other stromal cell types. In this review article, we summarize the crucial studies that helped to untangle the roles of fibroblasts in mammary gland development. Furthermore, we discuss the origin, heterogeneity, and plasticity of mammary fibroblasts during mammary development and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sumbal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Belisova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koledova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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310
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Exuberant fibroblast activity compromises lung function via ADAMTS4. Nature 2020; 587:466-471. [PMID: 33116313 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe respiratory infections can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)1. There are no effective pharmacological therapies that have been shown to improve outcomes for patients with ARDS. Although the host inflammatory response limits spread of and eventually clears the pathogen, immunopathology is a major contributor to tissue damage and ARDS1,2. Here we demonstrate that respiratory viral infection induces distinct fibroblast activation states, which we term extracellular matrix (ECM)-synthesizing, damage-responsive and interferon-responsive states. We provide evidence that excess activity of damage-responsive lung fibroblasts drives lethal immunopathology during severe influenza virus infection. By producing ECM-remodelling enzymes-in particular the ECM protease ADAMTS4-and inflammatory cytokines, damage-responsive fibroblasts modify the lung microenvironment to promote robust immune cell infiltration at the expense of lung function. In three cohorts of human participants, the levels of ADAMTS4 in the lower respiratory tract were associated with the severity of infection with seasonal or avian influenza virus. A therapeutic agent that targets the ECM protease activity of damage-responsive lung fibroblasts could provide a promising approach to preserving lung function and improving clinical outcomes following severe respiratory infections.
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311
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myofibroblasts are the primary executor and influencer in lung fibrosis. Latest studies on lung myofibroblast pathobiology have significantly advanced the understanding of the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and shed new light on strategies targeting these cells to treat this disease. AREAS COVERED This article reviewed the most recent progresses, mainly within the last 5 years, on the definition, origin, activity regulation, and targeting of lung myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis. We did a literature search on PubMed using the keywords below from the dates 2010 to 2020. EXPERT OPINION With the improved cell lineage characterization and the advent of scRNA-seq, the field is having much better picture of the lung myofibroblast origin and mesenchymal heterogeneity. Additionally, cellular metabolism has emerged as a key regulation of lung myofibroblast pathogenic phenotype and is a promising therapeutic target for treating a variety of lung fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases , Beijing, China
| | - Tapan Dey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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312
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Baluk P, Naikawadi RP, Kim S, Rodriguez F, Choi D, Hong YK, Wolters PJ, McDonald DM. Lymphatic Proliferation Ameliorates Pulmonary Fibrosis after Lung Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2355-2375. [PMID: 33039355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite many reports about pulmonary blood vessels in lung fibrosis, the contribution of lymphatics to fibrosis is unknown. We examined the mechanism and consequences of lymphatic remodeling in mice with lung fibrosis after bleomycin injury or telomere dysfunction. Widespread lymphangiogenesis was observed after bleomycin treatment and in fibrotic lungs of prospero homeobox 1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (Prox1-EGFP) transgenic mice with telomere dysfunction. In loss-of-function studies, blocking antibodies revealed that lymphangiogenesis 14 days after bleomycin treatment was dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) receptor 3 signaling, but not on Vegf receptor 2. Vegfc gene and protein expression increased specifically. Extensive extravasated plasma, platelets, and macrophages at sites of lymphatic growth were potential sources of Vegfc. Lymphangiogenesis peaked at 14 to 28 days after bleomycin challenge, was accompanied by doubling of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 in lung lymphatics and tertiary lymphoid organ formation, and then decreased as lung injury resolved by 56 days. In gain-of-function studies, expansion of the lung lymphatic network by transgenic overexpression of Vegfc in club cell secretory protein (CCSP)/VEGF-C mice reduced macrophage accumulation and fibrosis and accelerated recovery after bleomycin treatment. These findings suggest that lymphatics have an overall protective effect in lung injury and fibrosis and fit with a mechanism whereby lung lymphatic network expansion reduces lymph stasis and increases clearance of fluid and cells, including profibrotic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baluk
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Ram P Naikawadi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shineui Kim
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Felipe Rodriguez
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dongwon Choi
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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313
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Ruiz-Villalba A, Romero JP, Hernández SC, Vilas-Zornoza A, Fortelny N, Castro-Labrador L, San Martin-Uriz P, Lorenzo-Vivas E, García-Olloqui P, Palacio M, Gavira JJ, Bastarrika G, Janssens S, Wu M, Iglesias E, Abizanda G, de Morentin XM, Lasaga M, Planell N, Bock C, Alignani D, Medal G, Prudovsky I, Jin YR, Ryzhov S, Yin H, Pelacho B, Gomez-Cabrero D, Lindner V, Lara-Astiaso D, Prósper F. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals a Crucial Role for CTHRC1 (Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1) Cardiac Fibroblasts After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2020; 142:1831-1847. [PMID: 32972203 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) have a central role in the ventricular remodeling process associated with different types of fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that fibroblasts do not respond homogeneously to heart injury. Because of the limited set of bona fide fibroblast markers, a proper characterization of fibroblast population heterogeneity in response to cardiac damage is lacking. The purpose of this study was to define CF heterogeneity during ventricular remodeling and the underlying mechanisms that regulate CF function. METHODS Collagen1α1-GFP (green fluorescent protein)-positive CFs were characterized after myocardial infarction (MI) by single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing, and functional assays. Swine and patient samples were studied using bulk RNA sequencing. RESULTS We identified and characterized a unique CF subpopulation that emerges after MI in mice. These activated fibroblasts exhibit a clear profibrotic signature, express high levels of Cthrc1 (collagen triple helix repeat containing 1), and localize into the scar. Noncanonical transforming growth factor-β signaling and different transcription factors including SOX9 are important regulators mediating their response to cardiac injury. Absence of CTHRC1 results in pronounced lethality attributable to ventricular rupture. A population of CFs with a similar transcriptome was identified in a swine model of MI and in heart tissue from patients with MI and dilated cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS We report CF heterogeneity and their dynamics during the course of MI and redefine the CFs that respond to cardiac injury and participate in myocardial remodeling. Our study identifies CTHRC1 as a novel regulator of the healing scar process and a target for future translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Program of Regenerative Medicine (A.R.-V., S.C.H., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., G.M., B.P., F.P.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.).,Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA) Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Spain (A.R.-V.).,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Campanillas, Málaga, Spain (A.R.-V.)
| | - Juan P Romero
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory (J.P.R., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., D.L.-A.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Silvia C Hernández
- Program of Regenerative Medicine (A.R.-V., S.C.H., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., G.M., B.P., F.P.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory (J.P.R., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., D.L.-A.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (N.F., C.B.)
| | - Laura Castro-Labrador
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory (J.P.R., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., D.L.-A.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Patxi San Martin-Uriz
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory (J.P.R., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., D.L.-A.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Erika Lorenzo-Vivas
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory (J.P.R., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., D.L.-A.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Paula García-Olloqui
- Program of Regenerative Medicine (A.R.-V., S.C.H., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., G.M., B.P., F.P.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Marcel Palacio
- Department of Cardiology (M.P., J.J.G.), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Gavira
- Department of Cardiology (M.P., J.J.G.), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Bastarrika
- Department of Radiology (G.B.), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Cardiology, KU Leuven, Belgium (S.J., M.W.)
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Cardiology, KU Leuven, Belgium (S.J., M.W.)
| | - Elena Iglesias
- Program of Regenerative Medicine (A.R.-V., S.C.H., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., G.M., B.P., F.P.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Program of Regenerative Medicine (A.R.-V., S.C.H., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., G.M., B.P., F.P.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Xabier Martinez de Morentin
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), NavarraBiomed, Pamplona, Spain (X.M.d.M., M.L., N.P., D.G.-C.)
| | - Miren Lasaga
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), NavarraBiomed, Pamplona, Spain (X.M.d.M., M.L., N.P., D.G.-C.)
| | - Nuria Planell
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), NavarraBiomed, Pamplona, Spain (X.M.d.M., M.L., N.P., D.G.-C.)
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (N.F., C.B.).,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (C.B.)
| | - Diego Alignani
- Flow Cytometry Unit (D.A.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain (D.A.)
| | - Gema Medal
- Program of Regenerative Medicine (A.R.-V., S.C.H., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., G.M., B.P., F.P.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (I.P., Y.-R.J., S.R., H.Y., V.L.)
| | - Yong-Ri Jin
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (I.P., Y.-R.J., S.R., H.Y., V.L.)
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (I.P., Y.-R.J., S.R., H.Y., V.L.)
| | - Haifeng Yin
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (I.P., Y.-R.J., S.R., H.Y., V.L.)
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Program of Regenerative Medicine (A.R.-V., S.C.H., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., G.M., B.P., F.P.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.).,Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy (B.P., F.P.), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), NavarraBiomed, Pamplona, Spain (X.M.d.M., M.L., N.P., D.G.-C.)
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (I.P., Y.-R.J., S.R., H.Y., V.L.)
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory (J.P.R., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., D.L.-A.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.)
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Program of Regenerative Medicine (A.R.-V., S.C.H., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., G.M., B.P., F.P.), Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.R.-V., J.P.R., S.C.H., A.V.-Z., L.C.-L., P.S.M.-U., E.L.-V., P.G.-O., E.I., G.A., D.A., B.P., D.L.-A., F.P.).,Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy (B.P., F.P.), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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314
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Understanding Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis: Novel and Emerging Treatment Approaches. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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315
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DeLeon-Pennell KY, Barker TH, Lindsey ML. Fibroblasts: The arbiters of extracellular matrix remodeling. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:1-7. [PMID: 32504772 PMCID: PMC7434687 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the foundation on which all cells and organs converge to orchestrate normal physiological functions. In the setting of pathology, the ECM is modified to incorporate additional roles, with modifications including turnover of existing ECM and deposition of new ECM. The fibroblast is center stage in coordinating both normal tissue homeostasis and response to disease. Understanding how fibroblasts work under normal conditions and are activated in response to injury or stress will provide mechanistic insight that triggers discovery of new therapeutic treatments for a wide range of disease. We highlight here fibroblast roles in the cancer, lung, and heart as example systems where fibroblasts are major contributors to homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA; and Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105.
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316
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Postow L, Noel P, Lin S, Zhou G, Fessel J, Kiley JP. Diagnosing and treating lung disease at the cellular level. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L541-L544. [PMID: 32783624 PMCID: PMC7518057 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00372.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Postow
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia Noel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sara Lin
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Guofei Zhou
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josh Fessel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James P Kiley
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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317
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Kasam RK, Ghandikota S, Soundararajan D, Reddy GB, Huang SK, Jegga AG, Madala SK. Inhibition of Aurora Kinase B attenuates fibroblast activation and pulmonary fibrosis. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12131. [PMID: 32761869 PMCID: PMC7507328 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation including proliferation, survival, and ECM production is central to initiation and maintenance of fibrotic lesions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, druggable molecules that target fibroblast activation remain limited. In this study, we show that multiple pro‐fibrotic growth factors, including TGFα, CTGF, and IGF1, increase aurora kinase B (AURKB) expression and activity in fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) is a key transcription factor that mediates TGFα‐driven AURKB upregulation in fibroblasts. Importantly, we found that inhibition of AURKB expression or activity is sufficient to attenuate fibroblast activation. We show that fibrosis induced by TGFα is highly dependent on AURKB expression and treating TGFα mice with barasertib, an AURKB inhibitor, reverses fibroblast activation, and pulmonary fibrosis. Barasertib similarly attenuated fibrosis in the bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis. Together, our preclinical studies provide important proof‐of‐concept that demonstrate barasertib as a possible intervention therapy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Kasam
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudhir Ghandikota
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Geereddy B Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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318
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Pakshir P, Noskovicova N, Lodyga M, Son DO, Schuster R, Goodwin A, Karvonen H, Hinz B. The myofibroblast at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/13/jcs227900. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.227900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In 1971, Gabbiani and co-workers discovered and characterized the “modification of fibroblasts into cells which are capable of an active spasm” (contraction) in rat wound granulation tissue and, accordingly, named these cells ‘myofibroblasts’. Now, myofibroblasts are not only recognized for their physiological role in tissue repair but also as cells that are key in promoting the development of fibrosis in all organs. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of the current understanding of central aspects of myofibroblast biology, such as their definition, activation from different precursors, the involved signaling pathways and most widely used models to study their function. Myofibroblasts will be placed into context with their extracellular matrix and with other cell types communicating in the fibrotic environment. Furthermore, the challenges and strategies to target myofibroblasts in anti-fibrotic therapies are summarized to emphasize their crucial role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Pakshir
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Nina Noskovicova
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Monika Lodyga
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Dong Ok Son
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Ronen Schuster
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Amanda Goodwin
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Henna Karvonen
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Respiratory Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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