301
|
Keuters MH, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Dhungana H, Huuskonen MT, Pomeshchik Y, Savchenko E, Korhonen PK, Singh Y, Wojciechowski S, Lehtonen Š, Kanninen KM, Malm T, Sirviö J, Muona A, Koistinaho M, Goldsteins G, Koistinaho J. An arylthiazyne derivative is a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis providing neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3518. [PMID: 33568697 PMCID: PMC7876050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation-initiated ferroptosis is an iron-dependent mechanism of programmed cell death taking place in neurological diseases. Here we show that a condensed benzo[b]thiazine derivative small molecule with an arylthiazine backbone (ADA-409-052) inhibits tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced lipid peroxidation (LP) and protects against ferroptotic cell death triggered by glutathione (GSH) depletion or glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) inhibition in neuronal cell lines. In addition, ADA-409-052 suppresses pro-inflammatory activation of BV2 microglia and protects N2a neuronal cells from cell death induced by pro-inflammatory RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, ADA-409-052 efficiently reduces infarct volume, edema and expression of pro-inflammatory genes in a mouse model of thromboembolic stroke. Targeting ferroptosis may be a promising therapeutic strategy in neurological diseases involving severe neuronal death and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Hedwig Keuters
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Velta Keksa-Goldsteine
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yuriy Pomeshchik
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Savchenko
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula K Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yajuvinder Singh
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Gundars Goldsteins
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
302
|
Phospholipase iPLA 2β averts ferroptosis by eliminating a redox lipid death signal. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:465-476. [PMID: 33542532 PMCID: PMC8152680 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, triggered by discoordination of iron, thiols and lipids, leads to the accumulation of 15-hydroperoxy (Hp)-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (15-HpETE-PE), generated by complexes of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and a scaffold protein, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-binding protein (PEBP)1. As the Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β, PLA2G6 or PNPLA9 gene) can preferentially hydrolyze peroxidized phospholipids, it may eliminate the ferroptotic 15-HpETE-PE death signal. Here, we demonstrate that by hydrolyzing 15-HpETE-PE, iPLA2β averts ferroptosis, whereas its genetic or pharmacological inactivation sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. Given that PLA2G6 mutations relate to neurodegeneration, we examined fibroblasts from a patient with a Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated mutation (fPDR747W) and found selectively decreased 15-HpETE-PE-hydrolyzing activity, 15-HpETE-PE accumulation and elevated sensitivity to ferroptosis. CRISPR-Cas9-engineered Pnpla9R748W/R748W mice exhibited progressive parkinsonian motor deficits and 15-HpETE-PE accumulation. Elevated 15-HpETE-PE levels were also detected in midbrains of rotenone-infused parkinsonian rats and α-synuclein-mutant SncaA53T mice, with decreased iPLA2β expression and a PD-relevant phenotype. Thus, iPLA2β is a new ferroptosis regulator, and its mutations may be implicated in PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
303
|
Yan HF, Zou T, Tuo QZ, Xu S, Li H, Belaidi AA, Lei P. Ferroptosis: mechanisms and links with diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:49. [PMID: 33536413 PMCID: PMC7858612 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death, which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death. The process of ferroptotic cell death is defined by the accumulation of lethal lipid species derived from the peroxidation of lipids, which can be prevented by iron chelators (e.g., deferiprone, deferoxamine) and small lipophilic antioxidants (e.g., ferrostatin, liproxstatin). This review summarizes current knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its association with several pathways, including iron, lipid, and cysteine metabolism. We have further discussed the contribution of ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, ischemia/reperfusion, and various neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), and evaluated the therapeutic applications of ferroptosis inhibitors in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fa Yan
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdel Ali Belaidi
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
304
|
Tang D, Chen X, Kang R, Kroemer G. Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications. Cell Res 2021; 31:107-125. [PMID: 33268902 PMCID: PMC8026611 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1536] [Impact Index Per Article: 512.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death can be executed through different subroutines. Since the description of ferroptosis as an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death in 2012, there has been mounting interest in the process and function of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis can occur through two major pathways, the extrinsic or transporter-dependent pathway and the intrinsic or enzyme-regulated pathway. Ferroptosis is caused by a redox imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidants, which is driven by the abnormal expression and activity of multiple redox-active enzymes that produce or detoxify free radicals and lipid oxidation products. Accordingly, ferroptosis is precisely regulated at multiple levels, including epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational layers. The transcription factor NFE2L2 plays a central role in upregulating anti-ferroptotic defense, whereas selective autophagy may promote ferroptotic death. Here, we review current knowledge on the integrated molecular machinery of ferroptosis and describe how dysregulated ferroptosis is involved in cancer, neurodegeneration, tissue injury, inflammation, and infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; The Third Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; The Third Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France.
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
305
|
Wu J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. STING-dependent induction of lipid peroxidation mediates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:135-140. [PMID: 33347986 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is essential for the type I interferon response against DNA pathogens. Recent evidence has indicated that STING also plays a critical role in various diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. However, the exact function and mechanism of STING in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, especially in the intestine, remains unknown. In the current study, we evaluated the contribution of STING to the intestinal I/R progression. The data indicate a robust STING activation, specifically in the reperfusion period, with the evidence of interferon response and NF-κB pathway activation. The intestinal I/R injury and distant organ damage was absent in STING-/- mice. Mechanically, this detrimental effect relies on excess level of lipid peroxidation, which was proved by the level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and the malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) was stimulated with mtDNA or STING agonist showed a dose- and time-dependent lipid peroxidation and cell death, which could be reverse by STING-/- or pretreatment of lipid peroxidation inhibitor. Liproxstatin-1 could also ameliorate injury I/R induced multiple-organ damage. Similar results were also identified in the GSE96733 database, which indicated that STING activation was associated with the disbalance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system. Collectively, our results indicate a novel role for STING activation in the regulation of lipid peroxidation is closely associated with intestinal I/R injury, and that anti-lipid peroxidation is a unique and effective mechanistic approach for intestinal I/R injury and STING activation associated damage prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Qinjie Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Xufei Zhang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
306
|
Chen X, Li X, Xu X, Li L, Liang N, Zhang L, Lv J, Wu YC, Yin H. Ferroptosis and cardiovascular disease: role of free radical-induced lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:405-415. [PMID: 33455488 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmia, and other congenital heart diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The leading cause of deaths in CVD is attributed to myocardial infarction due to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis refers a condition when restricted or even blockage of blood flow occurs due to the narrowing of blood vessels as a result of the buildup of plaques composed of oxidized lipids. It is well-established that free radical oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lipoproteins or cell membranes, termed lipid peroxidation (LPO), plays a significant role in atherosclerosis. LPO products are involved in immune responses and cell deaths in this process, in which previous evidence supports the role of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and necrosis. Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides to lethal levels, which exhibits distinct features from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy in morphology, biochemistry and genetics. Emerging evidence appears to demonstrate that ferroptosis is also involved in CVD. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on ferroptosis in CVD and atherosclerosis, highlighting the role of free radical LPO. The evidence underlying the ferroptosis and challenges in the field will also be critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Luxiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
307
|
Metabolic Regulation of Ferroptosis in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020083. [PMID: 33499222 PMCID: PMC7911352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Ferroptosis is a recently defined nonapoptotic form of cell death that is associated with various human diseases, including cancer. As ferroptosis is caused by an overdose of lipid peroxidation resulting from dysregulation of the cellular antioxidant system, it is inherently closely associated with cellular metabolism. Here, we provide an updated review of the recent studies that have shown mechanisms of metabolic regulation of ferroptosis in the context of cancer. Abstract Ferroptosis is a unique cell death mechanism that is executed by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxidation in cells. The relevance of ferroptosis in multiple human diseases such as neurodegeneration, organ damage, and cancer is becoming increasingly evident. As ferroptosis is deeply intertwined with metabolic pathways such as iron, cyst(e)ine, glutathione, and lipid metabolism, a better understanding of how ferroptosis is regulated by these pathways will enable the precise utilization or prevention of ferroptosis for therapeutic uses. In this review, we present an update of the mechanisms underlying diverse metabolic pathways that can regulate ferroptosis in cancer.
Collapse
|
308
|
Urrutia PJ, Bórquez DA, Núñez MT. Inflaming the Brain with Iron. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010061. [PMID: 33419006 PMCID: PMC7825317 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation and neuroinflammation are pathological conditions found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Iron and inflammation are intertwined in a bidirectional relationship, where iron modifies the inflammatory phenotype of microglia and infiltrating macrophages, and in turn, these cells secrete diffusible mediators that reshape neuronal iron homeostasis and regulate iron entry into the brain. Secreted inflammatory mediators include cytokines and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), notably hepcidin and nitric oxide (·NO). Hepcidin is a small cationic peptide with a central role in regulating systemic iron homeostasis. Also present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), hepcidin can reduce iron export from neurons and decreases iron entry through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding to the iron exporter ferroportin 1 (Fpn1). Likewise, ·NO selectively converts cytosolic aconitase (c-aconitase) into the iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1), which regulates cellular iron homeostasis through its binding to iron response elements (IRE) located in the mRNAs of iron-related proteins. Nitric oxide-activated IRP1 can impair cellular iron homeostasis during neuroinflammation, triggering iron accumulation, especially in the mitochondria, leading to neuronal death. In this review, we will summarize findings that connect neuroinflammation and iron accumulation, which support their causal association in the neurodegenerative processes observed in AD and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Urrutia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Daniel A. Bórquez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, 8370007 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Marco Tulio Núñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-29787360
| |
Collapse
|
309
|
Abstract
Metabolic pathways and redox reactions are at the core of life. In the past decade(s), numerous discoveries have shed light on how metabolic pathways determine the cellular fate and function of lymphoid and myeloid cells, giving rise to an area of research referred to as immunometabolism. Upon activation, however, immune cells not only engage specific metabolic pathways but also rearrange their oxidation-reduction (redox) system, which in turn supports metabolic reprogramming. In fact, studies addressing the redox metabolism of immune cells are an emerging field in immunology. Here, we summarize recent insights revealing the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the differential requirement of the main cellular antioxidant pathways, including the components of the thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) pathways, as well as their transcriptional regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), for proliferation, survival and function of T cells, B cells and macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
310
|
Maher P, Currais A, Schubert D. Using the Oxytosis/Ferroptosis Pathway to Understand and Treat Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1456-1471. [PMID: 33176157 PMCID: PMC7749085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxytosis was first described over 30 years ago in nerve cells as a non-excitotoxic pathway for glutamate-induced cell death. The key steps of oxytosis, including glutathione depletion, lipoxygenase activation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and calcium influx, were identified using a combination of chemical and genetic tools. A pathway with the same characteristics as oxytosis was identified in transformed fibroblasts in 2012 and named ferroptosis. Importantly, the pathophysiological changes seen in oxytosis and ferroptosis are also observed in multiple neurodegenerative diseases as well as in the aging brain. This led to the hypothesis that this pathway could be used as a screening tool to identify novel drug candidates for the treatment of multiple age-associated neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using this approach, we have identified several AD drug candidates, one of which is now in clinical trials, as well as new target pathways for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Antonio Currais
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Schubert
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
311
|
Derry PJ, Vo ATT, Gnanansekaran A, Mitra J, Liopo AV, Hegde ML, Tsai AL, Tour JM, Kent TA. The Chemical Basis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cell Toxicity With Contributions From Eryptosis and Ferroptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:603043. [PMID: 33363457 PMCID: PMC7755086 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.603043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly devastating event both because of the direct injury from space-occupying blood to the sequelae of the brain exposed to free blood components from which it is normally protected. Not surprisingly, the usual metabolic and energy pathways are overwhelmed in this situation. In this review article, we detail the complexity of red blood cell degradation, the contribution of eryptosis leading to hemoglobin breakdown into its constituents, the participants in that process, and the points at which injury can be propagated such as elaboration of toxic radicals through the metabolism of the breakdown products. Two prominent products of this breakdown sequence, hemin, and iron, induce a variety of pathologies including free radical damage and DNA breakage, which appear to include events independent from typical oxidative DNA injury. As a result of this confluence of damaging elements, multiple pathways of injury, cell death, and survival are likely engaged including ferroptosis (which may be the same as oxytosis but viewed from a different perspective) and senescence, suggesting that targeting any single cause will likely not be a sufficient strategy to maximally improve outcome. Combination therapies in addition to safe methods to reduce blood burden should be pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Derry
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anh Tran Tram Vo
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aswini Gnanansekaran
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anton V Liopo
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Computer Science, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
312
|
Zheng J, Conrad M. The Metabolic Underpinnings of Ferroptosis. Cell Metab 2020; 32:920-937. [PMID: 33217331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute or chronic cellular stress resulting from aberrant metabolic and biochemical processes may trigger a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death, generally known as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is unique among the different cell death modalities, as it has been mostly linked to pathophysiological conditions and because several metabolic pathways, such as (seleno)thiol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, iron handling, mevalonate pathway, and mitochondrial respiration, directly impinge on the cells' sensitivity toward lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Additionally, key cellular redox systems, such as selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 and the NAD(P)H/ferroptosis suppressor protein-1/ubiquinone axis, are at play that constantly surveil and neutralize oxidative damage to cellular membranes. Since this form of cell death emerges to be the root cause of a number of diseases and since it offers various pharmacologically tractable nodes for therapeutic intervention, there has been overwhelming interest in the last few years aiming for a better molecular understanding of the ferroptotic death process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zheng
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
313
|
Soula M, Weber RA, Zilka O, Alwaseem H, La K, Yen F, Molina H, Garcia-Bermudez J, Pratt DA, Birsoy K. Metabolic determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to canonical ferroptosis inducers. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1351-1360. [PMID: 32778843 PMCID: PMC8299533 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire their metabolism and rely on endogenous antioxidants to mitigate lethal oxidative damage to lipids. However, the metabolic processes that modulate the response to lipid peroxidation are poorly defined. Using genetic screens, we compared metabolic genes essential for proliferation upon inhibition of cystine uptake or glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4). Interestingly, very few genes were commonly required under both conditions, suggesting that cystine limitation and GPX4 inhibition may impair proliferation via distinct mechanisms. Our screens also identify tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis as an essential metabolic pathway upon GPX4 inhibition. Mechanistically, BH4 is a potent radical-trapping antioxidant that protects lipid membranes from autoxidation, alone and in synergy with vitamin E. Dihydrofolate reductase catalyzes the regeneration of BH4, and its inhibition by methotrexate synergizes with GPX4 inhibition. Altogether, our work identifies the mechanism by which BH4 acts as an endogenous antioxidant and provides a compendium of metabolic modifiers of lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariluz Soula
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ross A Weber
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omkar Zilka
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konnor La
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederick Yen
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Javier Garcia-Bermudez
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
314
|
Li P, Li X, Deng P, Wang D, Bai X, Li Y, Luo C, Belguise K, Wang X, Wei X, Xia Z, Yi B. Activation of adenosine A3 receptor reduces early brain injury by alleviating neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in elderly rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:694-713. [PMID: 33253120 PMCID: PMC7835045 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and hazard ratio of death increase with age. Overactivation of microglia contributes to brain damage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of A3 adenosine receptors (A3R) activation on neurofunction and microglial phenotype polarization in the context of SAH in aged rats. The A3R agonist (CI-IB-MECA) and antagonist (MRS1523) were used in the SAH model. Microglia were cultured to mimic SAH in the presence or absence of CI-IB-MECA and/or siRNA for A3R. The neurofunction and status of the microglial phenotype were evaluated. The P38 inhibitor SB202190 and the STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 were used to explore the signaling pathway. The results showed that SAH induced microglia to polarize to the M(LPS) phenotype both in vivo and in vitro. CI-IB-MECA distinctly skewed microglia towards the M(IL-4) phenotype and ameliorated neurological dysfunction, along with the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of A3R or inhibition of P38 and/or STAT6 weakened the effects of CI-IB-MECA on microglial phenotypic shifting. Collectively, our findings suggest that activation of A3R exerted anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects by regulating microglial phenotype polarization through P38/STAT6 pathway and indicated that A3R agonists may be a promising therapeutic options for the treatment of brain injury after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesia, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehong Bai
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxia Luo
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Karine Belguise
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération (LBCMCP), University P. Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération (LBCMCP), University P. Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Xinchuan Wei
- Department of Anesthesia, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
315
|
Ruiz-de-Angulo A, Bilbao-Asensio M, Cronin J, Evans SJ, Clift MJ, Llop J, Feiner IV, Beadman R, Bascarán KZ, Mareque-Rivas JC. Chemically Programmed Vaccines: Iron Catalysis in Nanoparticles Enhances Combination Immunotherapy and Immunotherapy-Promoted Tumor Ferroptosis. iScience 2020; 23:101499. [PMID: 32919370 PMCID: PMC7490994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has yielded impressive results, but only for a minority of patients with cancer. Therefore, new approaches that potentiate immunotherapy are a pressing medical need. Ferroptosis is a newly described type of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation via Fenton chemistry. Here, we developed iron oxide-loaded nanovaccines (IONVs), which, chemically programmed to integrate iron catalysis, drug delivery, and tracking exploiting the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), improves immunotherapy and activation of ferroptosis. The IONVs trigger danger signals and use molecular disassembly and reversible covalent bonds for targeted antigen delivery and improved immunostimulatory capacity and catalytic iron for targeting tumor cell ferroptosis. IONV- and antibody-mediated TME modulation interfaced with imaging was important toward achieving complete eradication of aggressive and established tumors, eliciting long-lived protective antitumor immunity with no toxicities. This work establishes the feasibility of using nanoparticle iron catalytic activity as a versatile and effective feature for enhancing immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Ruiz-de-Angulo
- Chemical Immunology Laboratory, CIC BioGUNE, Building 801A, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Marc Bilbao-Asensio
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - James Cronin
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen J. Evans
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin J.D. Clift
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Irene V.J. Feiner
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Rhiannon Beadman
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Kepa Zamacola Bascarán
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Juan C. Mareque-Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
316
|
Wu Y, Yu C, Luo M, Cen C, Qiu J, Zhang S, Hu K. Ferroptosis in Cancer Treatment: Another Way to Rome. Front Oncol 2020; 10:571127. [PMID: 33102227 PMCID: PMC7546896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.571127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly described type of programmed cell death and intensively related to both maintaining homeostasis and the development of diseases, especially cancers. Inducing ferroptosis leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and toxic lipid peroxidation in cells, which plays a pivotal role in suppressing cancer growth and progression. Here, we reviewed the existing studies about the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis involved in different antitumor treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. We focused in particular on the distinct combinatorial therapeutic effects such as the synergistic sensitization effect and the drug-resistance reversal achieved when using ferroptosis inducers with conventional cancer therapy. Finally, we discussed the challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of ferroptosis. The application of nanotechnolgy and other novel technologies may provide a new direction in ferroptosis-driven cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Cen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jili Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaimin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
317
|
Structural considerations on lipoxygenase function, inhibition and crosstalk with nitric oxide pathways. Biochimie 2020; 178:170-180. [PMID: 32980463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) are non-heme iron-containing enzymes that catalyze regio- and stereo-selective dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Mammalian LOXs participate in the eicosanoid cascade during the inflammatory response, using preferentially arachidonic acid (AA) as substrate, for the synthesis of leukotrienes (LT) and other oxidized-lipid intermediaries. This review focus on lipoxygenases (LOX) structural and kinetic implications on both catalysis selectivity, as well as the basic and clinical implications of inhibition and interactions with nitric oxide (•NO) and nitroalkenes pathways. During inflammation •NO levels are increasingly favoring the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). •NO may act itself as an inhibitor of LOX-mediated lipid oxidation by reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals. Besides, •NO may act as an O2 competitor in the LOX active site, thus displaying a protective role on lipid-peroxidation. Moreover, RNS such as nitrogen dioxide (•NO2) may react with lipid-derived species formed during LOX reaction, yielding nitroalkenes (NO2FA). NO2FA represents electrophilic compounds that could exert anti-inflammatory actions through the interaction with critical LOX nucleophilic amino acids. We will discuss how nitro-oxidative conditions may limit the availability of common LOX substrates, favoring alternative routes of PUFA metabolization to anti-inflammatory or pro-resolutive pathways.
Collapse
|
318
|
Li D, Li Y. The interaction between ferroptosis and lipid metabolism in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:108. [PMID: 32606298 PMCID: PMC7327075 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxides. Recent discoveries have focused on alterations that occur in lipid metabolism during ferroptosis and have provided intriguing insights into the interplay between ferroptosis and lipid metabolism in cancer. Their interaction regulates the initiation, development, metastasis, therapy resistance of cancer, as well as the tumor immunity, which offers several potential strategies for cancer treatment. This review is a brief overview of the features characterizing the interaction between ferroptosis and lipid metabolism, and highlights the significance of this interaction in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingshan Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
319
|
Nath N, Kashfi K. Tumor associated macrophages and 'NO'. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113899. [PMID: 32145264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and its pro and anti-tumor activities are dual roles that continue to be debated in cancer biology. The cell situations in the tumor and within the tumor microenvironment also have roles involving NO. In early tumorigenic events, macrophages in the tumor microenvironment promote tumor cell death, and later are reprogramed to support the growth of tumor, through regulatory events involving NO and several stimulatory signals. These two opposing and active phenotypes of tumor associated macrophages known as the M1 or anti-tumorigenic state and M2 or pro-tumorigenic state show differences in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and arginine utilization, signaling pathways and cytokine induction including iNOS expression, therefore contributing to their function. Polarization of M2 to M1 macrophages, inhibition of M2 state, or reprogramming via NO in combination with other signals may determine or alter tumor kinetics. These strategies and an overview are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Nath
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
320
|
Shi Q, Pei F, Silverman GA, Pak SC, Perlmutter DH, Liu B, Bahar I. Mechanisms of Action of Autophagy Modulators Dissected by Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082855. [PMID: 32325894 PMCID: PMC7215584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an essential role in cell survival/death and functioning. Modulation of autophagy has been recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy against diseases/disorders associated with uncontrolled growth or accumulation of biomolecular aggregates, organelles, or cells including those caused by cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, and liver diseases such as α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Numerous pharmacological agents that enhance or suppress autophagy have been discovered. However, their molecular mechanisms of action are far from clear. Here, we collected a set of 225 autophagy modulators and carried out a comprehensive quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) analysis of their targets using both existing databases and predictions made by our machine learning algorithm. Autophagy modulators include several highly promiscuous drugs (e.g., artenimol and olanzapine acting as activators, fostamatinib as an inhibitor, or melatonin as a dual-modulator) as well as selected drugs that uniquely target specific proteins (~30% of modulators). They are mediated by three layers of regulation: (i) pathways involving core autophagy-related (ATG) proteins such as mTOR, AKT, and AMPK; (ii) upstream signaling events that regulate the activity of ATG pathways such as calcium-, cAMP-, and MAPK-signaling pathways; and (iii) transcription factors regulating the expression of ATG proteins such as TFEB, TFE3, HIF-1, FoxO, and NF-κB. Our results suggest that PKA serves as a linker, bridging various signal transduction events and autophagy. These new insights contribute to a better assessment of the mechanism of action of autophagy modulators as well as their side effects, development of novel polypharmacological strategies, and identification of drug repurposing opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Shi
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.S.); (F.P.)
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fen Pei
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Gary A. Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (G.A.S.); (S.C.P.); (D.H.P.)
| | - Stephen C. Pak
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (G.A.S.); (S.C.P.); (D.H.P.)
| | - David H. Perlmutter
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (G.A.S.); (S.C.P.); (D.H.P.)
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.S.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.S.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (I.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
321
|
Zou Y, Schreiber SL. Progress in Understanding Ferroptosis and Challenges in Its Targeting for Therapeutic Benefit. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:463-471. [PMID: 32302583 PMCID: PMC7346472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell-death modality driven by oxidative phospholipid damage. In contrast to apoptosis, which enables organisms to eliminate targeted cells purposefully at specific times, ferroptosis appears to be a vulnerability of cells that otherwise use high levels of polyunsaturated lipids to their advantage. Cells in this high polyunsaturated lipid state generally have safeguards that mitigate ferroptotic risk. Since its recognition, ferroptosis has been implicated in degenerative diseases in tissues including kidney and brain, and is a targetable vulnerability in multiple cancers-each likely characterized by the high polyunsaturated lipid state with insufficient or overwhelmed ferroptotic safeguards. In this Perspective, we present progress toward defining the essential roles and key mediators of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in disease contexts. Moreover, we discuss gaps in our understanding of ferroptosis and list key challenges that have thus far limited the full potential of targeting ferroptosis for improving human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zou
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
322
|
Benhar M. Oxidants, Antioxidants and Thiol Redox Switches in the Control of Regulated Cell Death Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040309. [PMID: 32290499 PMCID: PMC7222211 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well appreciated that biological reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and nitric oxide, as well as endogenous antioxidant systems, are important modulators of cell survival and death in diverse organisms and cell types. In addition, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and dysregulated cell death are implicated in a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Therefore, much effort is devoted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking oxidant/antioxidant systems and cell death pathways. This review is focused on thiol redox modifications as a major mechanism by which oxidants and antioxidants influence specific regulated cell death pathways in mammalian cells. Growing evidence indicates that redox modifications of cysteine residues in proteins are involved in the regulation of multiple cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, recent research suggests that thiol redox switches play a role in the crosstalk between apoptotic and necrotic forms of regulated cell death. Thus, thiol-based redox circuits provide an additional layer of control that determines when and how cells die.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
323
|
Bayır H, Anthonymuthu TS, Tyurina YY, Patel SJ, Amoscato AA, Lamade AM, Yang Q, Vladimirov GK, Philpott CC, Kagan VE. Achieving Life through Death: Redox Biology of Lipid Peroxidation in Ferroptosis. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:387-408. [PMID: 32275865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox balance is essential for normal brain, hence dis-coordinated oxidative reactions leading to neuronal death, including programs of regulated death, are commonly viewed as an inevitable pathogenic penalty for acute neuro-injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Ferroptosis is one of these programs triggered by dyshomeostasis of three metabolic pillars: iron, thiols, and polyunsaturated phospholipids. This review focuses on: (1) lipid peroxidation (LPO) as the major instrument of cell demise, (2) iron as its catalytic mechanism, and (3) thiols as regulators of pro-ferroptotic signals, hydroperoxy lipids. Given the central role of LPO, we discuss the engagement of selective and specific enzymatic pathways versus random free radical chemical reactions in the context of the phospholipid substrates, their biosynthesis, intracellular location, and related oxygenating machinery as participants in ferroptotic cascades. These concepts are discussed in the light of emerging neuro-therapeutic approaches controlling intracellular production of pro-ferroptotic phospholipid signals and their non-cell-autonomous spreading, leading to ferroptosis-associated necroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Bayır
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarju J Patel
- Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrew M Lamade
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Georgy K Vladimirov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Caroline C Philpott
- Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
324
|
Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Vlasova II, Kapralov AA, Amoscato AA, Anthonymuthu TS, Tyurin VA, Shrivastava IH, Cinemre FB, Lamade A, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Beezhold DH, Mallampalli RK, Srivastava AK, Bayir H, Shvedova AA. Redox Epiphospholipidome in Programmed Cell Death Signaling: Catalytic Mechanisms and Regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:628079. [PMID: 33679610 PMCID: PMC7933662 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.628079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A huge diversification of phospholipids, forming the aqueous interfaces of all biomembranes, cannot be accommodated within a simple concept of their role as membrane building blocks. Indeed, a number of signaling functions of (phospho)lipid molecules has been discovered. Among these signaling lipids, a particular group of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), so called lipid mediators, has been thoroughly investigated over several decades. This group includes oxygenated octadecanoids, eicosanoids, and docosanoids and includes several hundreds of individual species. Oxygenation of PUFA can occur when they are esterified into major classes of phospholipids. Initially, these events have been associated with non-specific oxidative injury of biomembranes. An alternative concept is that these post-synthetically oxidatively modified phospholipids and their adducts with proteins are a part of a redox epiphospholipidome that represents a rich and versatile language for intra- and inter-cellular communications. The redox epiphospholipidome may include hundreds of thousands of individual molecular species acting as meaningful biological signals. This review describes the signaling role of oxygenated phospholipids in programs of regulated cell death. Although phospholipid peroxidation has been associated with almost all known cell death programs, we chose to discuss enzymatic pathways activated during apoptosis and ferroptosis and leading to peroxidation of two phospholipid classes, cardiolipins (CLs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). This is based on the available LC-MS identification and quantitative information on the respective peroxidation products of CLs and PEs. We focused on molecular mechanisms through which two proteins, a mitochondrial hemoprotein cytochrome c (cyt c), and non-heme Fe lipoxygenase (LOX), change their catalytic properties to fulfill new functions of generating oxygenated CL and PE species. Given the high selectivity and specificity of CL and PE peroxidation we argue that enzymatic reactions catalyzed by cyt c/CL complexes and 15-lipoxygenase/phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 (15LOX/PEBP1) complexes dominate, at least during the initiation stage of peroxidation, in apoptosis and ferroptosis. We contrast cell-autonomous nature of CLox signaling in apoptosis correlating with its anti-inflammatory functions vs. non-cell-autonomous ferroptotic signaling facilitating pro-inflammatory (necro-inflammatory) responses. Finally, we propose that small molecule mechanism-based regulators of enzymatic phospholipid peroxidation may lead to highly specific anti-apoptotic and anti-ferroptotic therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Irina I Vlasova
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Indira H Shrivastava
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Fatma B Cinemre
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Lamade
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Donald H Beezhold
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Apurva K Srivastava
- Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NIOSH/CDC), Morgantown, WV, United States
| |
Collapse
|