301
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Bald T, Krummel MF, Smyth MJ, Barry KC. The NK cell-cancer cycle: advances and new challenges in NK cell-based immunotherapies. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:835-847. [PMID: 32690952 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and contribute to protecting the host through killing of infected, foreign, stressed or transformed cells. Additionally, via cellular cross-talk, NK cells orchestrate antitumor immune responses. Hence, significant efforts have been undertaken to exploit the therapeutic properties of NK cells in cancer. Current strategies in preclinical and clinical development include adoptive transfer therapies, direct stimulation, recruitment of NK cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME), blockade of inhibitory receptors that limit NK cell functions, and therapeutic modulation of the TME to enhance antitumor NK cell function. In this Review, we introduce the NK cell-cancer cycle to highlight recent advances in NK cell biology and to discuss the progress and problems of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bald
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, ImmunoX Initiative, and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kevin C Barry
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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302
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Chen Y, Tian Z. Roles of Hepatic Innate and Innate-Like Lymphocytes in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1500. [PMID: 32765518 PMCID: PMC7378363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is accompanied by steatosis, hepatocyte injury and liver inflammation, which has been a health problem in the world as one of the major high risk factors of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Complex immune responses involving T cells, B cells, Kupffer cells, monocytes, neutrophils, DCs and other innate lymphocytes account for the pathogenesis of NASH; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated in detail. In the liver, innate and innate-like lymphocytes account for more than two-thirds of total lymphocytes and play an important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis. Therefore, their roles in the progression of NASH deserves investigation. In this review, we summarized murine NASH models for immunological studies, including the diet-induced NASH, chemical-induced NASH and genetic-induced NASH. The role of innate and innate-like lymphocytes including NK cells, ILCs, NKT, γδT and MAIT cells in the progression of NASH were elucidated. Further, the metabolic regulation of the innate immune response was addressed in consideration to explain the molecular mechanisms. Based on the findings of the reviewed studies, strategies of immune intervention are proposed to control the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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303
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Charles-Messance H, Sheedy FJ. Train to Lose: Innate Immune Memory in Metaflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e1900480. [PMID: 32529783 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Westernized diets and lifestyle are linked to the development of metabolic syndrome, characterized by obesity, type 2 diabetes, and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Systemic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of chronic metabolic disorders and is believed to promote disease progression. Therefore, modulating inflammation is a commonly explored strategy to prevent obesity-associated co-morbidities. In this review, how current knowledge on the recently described concept of innate immune memory could underline metaflammation in the context of metabolic syndrome is explored. It is hoped that these insights provide a new perspective to address the question of innate immune activation during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Charles-Messance
- Macrophage Homeostasis Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- Macrophage Homeostasis Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
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304
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Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells mediate mainly innate anti-tumor and anti-viral immune responses and respond to a variety of cytokines and other stimuli to promote survival, cellular proliferation, production of cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ) and/or cytotoxicity programs. NK cell activation by cytokine stimulation requires a substantial remodeling of metabolic pathways to support their bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. There is a large body of evidence that suggests that impaired NK cell metabolism is associated with a number of chronic diseases including obesity and cancer, which highlights the clinical importance of the availability of a method to determine NK cell metabolism. Here we describe the use of an extracellular flux analyzer, a platform that allows real-time measurements of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, as a tool to monitor changes in the energy metabolism of human NK cells. The method described here also allows for the monitoring of metabolic changes after stimulation of NK cells with cytokines such as IL-15, a system that is currently being investigated in a wide range of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM)
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Olga M Anton
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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305
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Schmidt NM, Wing PAC, McKeating JA, Maini MK. Cholesterol-modifying drugs in COVID-19. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 1:iqaa001. [PMID: 33047740 PMCID: PMC7337782 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrom coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is more likely to lead to poor outcomes in the elderly and those with cardiovascular disease, obesity or metabolic syndrome. Here, we consider mechanisms by which dyslipidaemia and the use of cholesterol-modifying drugs could influence the virus-host relationship. Cholesterol is essential for the assembly, replication and infectivity of enveloped virus particles; we highlight several cholesterol-modifying drugs with the potential to alter the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle that could be tested in in vitro and in vivo models. Although cholesterol is an essential component of immune cell membranes, excess levels can dysregulate protective immunity and promote exaggerated pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses. Statins block the production of multiple sterols, oxysterols and isoprenoids, resulting in a pleiotropic range of context-dependent effects on virus infectivity, immunity and inflammation. We highlight antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of cholesterol-modifying drugs that merit further consideration in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie M Schmidt
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
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306
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Battram AM, Bachiller M, Martín-Antonio B. Senescence in the Development and Response to Cancer with Immunotherapy: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124346. [PMID: 32570952 PMCID: PMC7352478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence was first described as a physiological tumor cell suppressor mechanism that leads to cell growth arrest with production of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype known as SASP. The main role of SASP in physiological conditions is to attract immune cells to clear senescent cells avoiding tumor development. However, senescence can be damage-associated and, depending on the nature of these stimuli, additional types of senescence have been described. In the context of cancer, damage-associated senescence has been described as a consequence of chemotherapy treatments that were initially thought of as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, in certain contexts, senescence after chemotherapy can promote cancer progression, especially when immune cells become senescent and cannot clear senescent tumor cells. Moreover, aging itself leads to continuous inflammaging and immunosenescence which are responsible for rewiring immune cells to become defective in their functionality. Here, we define different types of senescence, pathways that activate them, and functions of SASP in these events. Additionally, we describe the role of senescence in cancer and its treatments, including how aging and chemotherapy contribute to senescence in tumor cells, before focusing on immune cell senescence and its role in cancer. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions to reverse cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Battram
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Mireia Bachiller
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS/Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-227-45-28; Fax: +34-93-312-94-07
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307
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Anderson G, Betancort Medina SR. Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of Pre- and Post-Natal GammaDelta (γδ) T Cells and Immune Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4321-4330. [PMID: 31682211 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191102170125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that alterations in immune functioning are an important aspect of the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A relatively under-explored aspect of these alterations is the role of gammaDelta (γδ) T cells, prenatally and in the postnatal gut, which seem important hubs in driving the course of ASD. METHODS The present article describes the role of γδ T cells in ASD, including their interactions with other immune cells shown to be altered in this spectrum of conditions, including natural killer cells and mast cells. RESULTS Other risk factors in ASD, such as decreased vitamins A & D, as well as toxin-associated activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, may also be intimately linked to γδ T cells, and alterations in the regulation of these cells. A growing body of data has highlighted an important role for alterations in mitochondria functioning in the regulation of immune cells, including natural killer cells and mast cells. This is an area that requires investigation in γδ T cells and their putative subtypes. CONCLUSION It is also proposed that maternal stress may act through alterations in the maternal microbiome, leading to changes in how the balance of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, which may act to regulate the placenta and foetal development. Following an overview of previous research on immune, especially γδ T cells, effects in ASD, the future research implications are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
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308
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Campiotti L, Gariboldi MB, Mortara L, Noonan DM, Gallo D, Nigro O, Monti E, Piantanida E. Negative impact of high body mass index on cetuximab-mediated cellular cytotoxicity against human colon carcinoma cells. J Chemother 2020; 33:132-135. [PMID: 32544039 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1777722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the relationship between the ability of Natural Killer (NK) cells to activate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against human HT29 colorectal cancer cells exposed to cetuximab and the body mass index of the human subjects from whom the NK cells had been obtained. NK cells obtained from 73 human donors were co-incubated with HT-29 human colon cancer cells in the presence or absence of cetuximab. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring LDH release. A significant negative correlation was observed between body mass index and cetuximab-induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. NK cells obtained from subjects who were overweight or with obesity were less efficient in killing cetuximab-treated HT29 cells than those derived from normal weight donors. Our results suggest that the success of cetuximab-containing regimens might be impaired in overweight and obese patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Campiotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Douglas McClain Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Olga Nigro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Monti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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309
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Shi R, Tang Y, Miao H. Metabolism in tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:47-68. [PMID: 34766109 PMCID: PMC8489668 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is a special environment for tumor survival, which is characterized by hypoxia, acidity, nutrient deficiency, and immunosuppression. The environment consists of the vasculature, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and proteins or metabolic molecules. A large number of recent studies have shown that not only tumor cells but also the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have undergone metabolic reprogramming, which is closely related to tumor drug resistance and malignant progression. Tumor immunotherapy based on T cells gives patients new hope, but faces the dilemma of low response rate. New strategies sensitizing cancer immunotherapy are urgently needed. Metabolic reprogramming can directly affect the biological activity of tumor cells and also regulate the differentiation and activation of immune cells. The authors aim to review the characteristics of tumor microenvironment, the metabolic changes of tumor‐associated immune cells, and the regulatory role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Quan Tang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing People's Republic of China
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310
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB, Garcia D, Keilich SR, Haynes L. Age-related factors that affect B cell responses to vaccination in mice and humans. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:142-154. [PMID: 32484934 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging significantly changes the ability to respond to vaccinations and infections. In this review, we summarize published results on age-related changes in response to infection with the influenza virus and on the factors known to increase influenza risk infection leading to organ failure and death. We also summarize how aging affects the response to the influenza vaccine with a special focus on B cells, which have been shown to be less responsive in the elderly. We show the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the dysfunctional immune response of the elderly to the vaccine against influenza. These include a defective interaction of helper T cells (CD4+) with B cells in germinal centers, changes in the microenvironment, and the generation of immune cells with a senescence-associated phenotype. Finally, we discuss the effects of aging on metabolic pathways and we show how metabolic complications associated with aging lead to immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Denisse Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Spencer R Keilich
- UConn Center on Aging, Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Laura Haynes
- UConn Center on Aging, Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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311
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Gibson JT, Norris KE, Wald G, Buchta Rosean CM, Thomas LJ, Boi SK, Bertrand LA, Bing M, Gordetsky JB, Deshane J, Li P, Brown JA, Nepple KG, Norian LA. Obesity induces limited changes to systemic and local immune profiles in treatment-naive human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233795. [PMID: 32469992 PMCID: PMC7259552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of obesity on the immune profile of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients is critical, given the rising use of immunotherapies to treat advanced disease and recent reports of differential cancer immunotherapy outcomes with obesity. Here, we evaluated multiple immune parameters at the genetic, soluble protein, and cellular levels in peripheral blood and renal tumors from treatment-naive clear cell RCC (ccRCC) subjects (n = 69), to better understand the effects of host obesity (Body Mass Index "BMI" ≥ 30 kg/m2) in the absence of immunotherapy. Tumor-free donors (n = 38) with or without obesity were used as controls. In our ccRCC cohort, increasing BMI was associated with decreased percentages of circulating activated PD-1+CD8+ T cells, CD14+CD16neg classical monocytes, and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Only CD14+CD16neg classical monocytes and Tregs were reduced when obesity was examined as a categorical variable. Obesity did not alter the percentages of circulating IFNγ+ CD8 T cells or IFNγ+, IL-4+, or IL-17A+ CD4 T cells in ccRCC subjects. Of 38 plasma proteins analyzed, six (CCL3, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-10, IL-17, and TNFα) were upregulated specifically in ccRCC subjects with obesity versus tumor-free controls with obesity. IGFBP-1 was uniquely decreased in ccRCC subjects with obesity versus non-obese ccRCC subjects. Immunogenetic profiling of ccRCC tumors revealed that 93% of examined genes were equivalently expressed and no changes in cell type scores were found in stage-matched tumors from obesity category II/III versus normal weight (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 versus 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, respectively) subjects. Intratumoral PLGF and VEGF-A proteins were elevated in ccRCC subjects with obesity. Thus, in ccRCC patients with localized disease, obesity is not associated with widespread detrimental alterations in systemic or intratumoral immune profiles. The effects of combined obesity and immunotherapy administration on immune parameters remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. Gibson
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Katlyn E. Norris
- School of Health Professions Honors Undergraduate Research Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gal Wald
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Claire M. Buchta Rosean
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lewis J. Thomas
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shannon K. Boi
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Bertrand
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Megan Bing
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jennifer B. Gordetsky
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jessy Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Acute, Chronic, and Continuing Care, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - James A. Brown
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kenneth G. Nepple
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lyse A. Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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312
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Tao L, Wang S, Yang L, Jiang L, Li J, Wang X. Reduced Siglec-7 expression on NK cells predicts NK cell dysfunction in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:161-170. [PMID: 32319079 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-dependent inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells have been found to contribute to NK cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the roles of MHC-I-independent inhibitory receptors on NK cells in HCC remain poorly defined. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the MHC-I-independent inhibitory receptors sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-7 and Siglec-9 on NK cells by analyzing the peripheral blood of 35 HCC patients and 63 healthy donors. We observed that HCC patients had lower frequencies and total numbers of NK cells in the peripheral blood. Importantly, both the expression levels of Siglec-7 on NK cells and the frequencies of Siglec-7+ NK cells were significantly reduced in HCC patients, which was accompanied by a decrease in activating receptor and an increase in inhibitory receptor expression on NK cells. Moreover, Siglec-7+ NK cells expressed higher levels of activating receptors and displayed stronger effector functions, compared with Siglec-7- NK cells. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that reduced Siglec-7 expression predicts NK cell dysfunction in HCC patients, suggesting that Siglec-7 may be a potential marker of functional NK cell subset in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - S Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - J Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - X Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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313
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Cunningham L, Simmonds P, Kimber I, Basketter DA, McFadden JP. Perforin and resistance to SARS coronavirus 2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:52-53. [PMID: 32422144 PMCID: PMC7255292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cunningham
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Paul McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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314
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Bhardwaj P, Ikeda T, Zhou XK, Wang H, Zheng XE, Giri DD, Elemento O, Verma A, Miyazawa M, Mukherjee S, Falcone DJ, Wendel NK, Scherr DS, Dannenberg AJ. Supplemental estrogen and caloric restriction reduce obesity-induced periprostatic white adipose inflammation in mice. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:914-923. [PMID: 31067318 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of high-grade prostate cancer (PC) and worse prognosis for PC patients. Recently, we showed in men that obesity-related periprostatic white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, characterized by macrophages surrounding dead or dying adipocytes forming crown-like structures, was associated with high-grade PC. Possibly, interventions that suppress periprostatic WAT inflammation will improve outcomes for men with PC. Here, we tested the hypothesis that supplemental 17β-estradiol (E2) could decrease periprostatic WAT inflammation in obese male mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce periprostatic WAT inflammation before being treated with supplemental E2. E2 supplementation suppressed caloric intake, induced weight loss, decreased periprostatic WAT inflammation and downregulated the expression of genes linked to inflammation including Cd68, Mcp1 and Tnf. Similar to the effects of E2 supplementation, treatment with diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic estrogen, also suppressed caloric intake and reduced periprostatic WAT inflammation. To determine whether the observed effects of supplemental estrogen could be reproduced by caloric restriction (CR) alone, obese mice were put on a 30% CR diet. Like estrogen treatment, CR was effective in reducing body weight, periprostatic WAT inflammation and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Transcriptomic analyses of periprostatic fat showed that obesity was associated with enrichment in inflammatory response pathways, which were normalized by both supplemental E2 and CR. Taken together, these findings strengthen the rationale for future efforts to determine whether either CR or supplemental estrogen will decrease periprostatic WAT inflammation and thereby improve outcomes for men with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takahiro Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Emily Zheng
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Computational Biomedicine and Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Computational Biomedicine and Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine
| | - Miki Miyazawa
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Domenick J Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nils K Wendel
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas S Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
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315
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Gallagher P, Chan KR, Rivino L, Yacoub S. The association of obesity and severe dengue: possible pathophysiological mechanisms. J Infect 2020; 81:10-16. [PMID: 32413364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a medically important flavivirus and the aetiological agent of Dengue, a normally self-resolving febrile illness that, in some individuals, can progress into Severe Dengue (SD), a life-threatening disorder that manifests as organ impairment, bleeding and shock. Many different risk factors have been associated with the development of SD, one of which is obesity. In many countries where DENV is endemic, obesity is becoming more prevalent, therefore SD is becoming an increased public health concern. However, there is a paucity of research on the mechanistic links between obesity and SD. This is a narrative review based on original research and reviews sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar. Four key areas could possibly explain how obesity can promote viral pathogenesis. Firstly, obesity downregulates AMP-Protein Kinase (AMPK), which leads to an accumulation of lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that facilitates viral replication. Secondly, the long-term production of pro-inflammatory adipokines found in obese individuals can cause endothelial and platelet dysfunction and can facilitate SD. Thirdly, obesity could also cause endothelial dysfunction in addition to chronic inflammation, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and possible damage to the glycocalyx found in the endothelium. Finally, obesity has several effects on immunomodulation that reduces NK cell function, B and T cell response and increased pre-disposition to stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine responses after viral infection. Together, these effects can lead to greater viral proliferation and greater tissue damage both of which could contribute to SD. The four mechanisms outlined in this review can be taken as reference starting points for investigating the link between obesity and SD, and to discover potential therapeutic strategies that can potentially reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gallagher
- University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Laura Rivino
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, UK.
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316
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. PPAR Beta/Delta and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051133. [PMID: 32375405 PMCID: PMC7291220 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Three different isoforms, PPAR alpha, PPAR beta/delta and PPAR gamma have been identified. They all form heterodimers with retinoic X receptors to activate or repress downstream target genes dependent on the presence/absence of ligands and coactivators or corepressors. PPARs differ in their tissue expression profile, ligands and specific agonists and antagonists. PPARs attract attention as potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. PPAR alpha and gamma agonists are in clinical use for the treatment of dyslipidemias and diabetes. For both receptors, several clinical trials as potential therapeutic targets for cancer are ongoing. In contrast, PPAR beta/delta has been suggested as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. However, potential risks in the settings of cancer are less clear. A variety of studies have investigated PPAR beta/delta expression or activation/inhibition in different cancer cell models in vitro, but the relevance for cancer growth in vivo is less well documented and controversial. In this review, we summarize critically the knowledge of PPAR beta/delta functions for the different hallmarks of cancer biological capabilities, which interplay to determine cancer growth.
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317
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Seo GY, Giles DA, Kronenberg M. The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:399-412. [PMID: 32047273 PMCID: PMC7186215 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a lymphocyte population that is mostly resident at mucosal surfaces. They help to induce an appropriate immune response to the microbiome at homeostasis. In healthy people, the mucosal immune system works symbiotically with organisms that make up the microbiota. ILCs play a critical role in orchestrating this balance, as they can both influence and in turn be influenced by the microbiome. ILCs also are important regulators of the early response to infections by diverse types of pathogenic microbes at mucosal barriers. Their rapid responses initiate inflammatory programs, production of antimicrobial products and repair processes. This review will focus on the role of ILCs in response to the microbiota and to microbial infections of the lung and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA,Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence:
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318
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Makowski L, Chaib M, Rathmell JC. Immunometabolism: From basic mechanisms to translation. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:5-14. [PMID: 32320073 PMCID: PMC8056251 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism has emerged as a major mechanism central to adaptive and innate immune regulation. From early observations that inflammatory cytokines were induced in obese adipose tissue and that these cytokines contributed to metabolic disease, it was clear that metabolism and the immunological state are inextricably linked. With a second research wave arising from studies in cancer metabolism to also study the intrinsic metabolic pathways of immune cells themselves and how those pathways influence cell fate and function, immunometabolism is a rapidly maturing area of research. Several key themes and goals drive the field. There is abundant evidence that metabolic pathways are closely tied to cell signaling and differentiation which leads different subsets of immune cells to adopt unique metabolic programs specific to their state and environment. In this way, metabolic signaling drives cell fate. It is also apparent that microenvironment greatly influences cell metabolism. Immune cells adopt programs specific for the tissues where they infiltrate and reside. Ultimately, a central goal of the field is to apply immunometabolism findings to the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes these facets of immunometabolism and highlights opportunities for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Makowski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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319
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Turbitt WJ, Rosean CB, Weber KS, Norian LA. Obesity and CD8 T cell metabolism: Implications for anti-tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:203-219. [PMID: 32157710 PMCID: PMC7416819 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for many cancers and has recently been found to alter the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies. Currently, however, the effects of obesity on immunometabolism remain unclear. Understanding these associations is critical, given the fact that T cell metabolism is tightly linked to effector function. Thus, any obesity-associated changes in T cell bioenergetics are likely to drive functional changes at the cellular level, alter the metabolome and cytokine/chemokine milieu, and impact cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Here, we provide a brief overview of T cell metabolism in the presence and absence of solid tumor growth and summarize current literature regarding obesity-associated changes in T cell function and bioenergetics. We also discuss recent findings related to the impact of host obesity on cancer immunotherapy outcomes and present potential mechanisms by which T cell metabolism may influence therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we describe promising pharmaceutical therapies that are being investigated for their ability to improve CD8 T cell metabolism and enhance cancer immunotherapy outcomes in patients, regardless of their obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Turbitt
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - K. Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Lyse A. Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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320
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Zecca A, Barili V, Canetti D, Regina V, Olivani A, Carone C, Capizzuto V, Zerbato B, Trenti T, Dalla Valle R, Ferrari C, Cariani E, Missale G. Energy metabolism and cell motility defect in NK-cells from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1589-1603. [PMID: 32307580 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional rescue of NK-cells in solid tumors represents a central aim for new immunotherapeutic strategies. We have conducted a genomic, phenotypic and functional analysis of circulating NK-cells from patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NK-cells were sorted from patients with HCC or liver cirrhosis and from healthy donors. Comparative mRNA gene expression profiling by whole-human-genome microarrays of sorted NK-cells was followed by phenotypic and functional characterization. To further identify possible mediators of NK-cell dysfunction, an in vitro model using media conditioned with patients' and controls' plasma was set up. Metabolic and cell motility defects were identified at the genomic level. Dysregulated gene expression profile has been translated into reduced cytokine production and degranulation despite a prevalent phenotype of terminally differentiated NK-cells. NKG2D-downregulation, high SMAD2 phosphorylation and other phenotypic and molecular alterations suggested TGF-β as possible mediator of this dysfunction. Blocking TGF-β could partially restore functional defects of NK-cells from healthy donors, exposed to TGF-β rich HCC patients' plasma, suggesting that TGF-β among other molecules may represent a suitable target for immunotherapeutic intervention aimed at NK-cell functional restoration. By an unbiased approach, we have identified energy metabolism and cell motility defects of circulating NK-cells as main mechanisms responsible for functional NK-cell impairment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This opens the way to test different approaches to restore NK-cell response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zecca
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Diana Canetti
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Regina
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Olivani
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Carone
- Toxicology and Advanced Diagnostics, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Capizzuto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Zerbato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Toxicology and Advanced Diagnostics, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dalla Valle
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cariani
- Toxicology and Advanced Diagnostics, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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321
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Wang Y, Jia A, Bi Y, Wang Y, Liu G. Metabolic Regulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Function in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041011. [PMID: 32325683 PMCID: PMC7226088 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immunosuppressive cells that play crucial roles in promoting tumor growth and protecting tumors from immune recognition in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. Recently, it has been shown that the metabolic activity of MDSCs plays an important role in the regulation of their inhibitory function, especially in the processes of tumor occurrence and development. The MDSC metabolism, such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and amino acid metabolism, is rewired in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which enhances the immunosuppressive activity, resulting in effector T cell apoptosis and suppressive cell proliferation. Herein, we summarized the recent progress in the metabolic reprogramming and immunosuppressive function of MDSCs during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.W.); (A.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Anna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.W.); (A.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.W.); (A.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.W.); (A.J.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-58800026
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322
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Pinato DJ, Guerra N, Fessas P, Murphy R, Mineo T, Mauri FA, Mukherjee SK, Thursz M, Wong CN, Sharma R, Rimassa L. Immune-based therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:3620-3637. [PMID: 32157213 PMCID: PMC7190571 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The immune-rich contexture of the HCC microenvironment makes this tumour an appealing target for immune-based therapies. Here, we discuss how the functional characteristics of the liver microenvironment can potentially be harnessed for the treatment of HCC. We will review the evidence supporting a therapeutic role for vaccines, cell-based therapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors and discuss the potential for patient stratification in an attempt to overcome the series of failures that has characterised drug development in this disease area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK.
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Petros Fessas
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | - Ravindhi Murphy
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | | | - Francesco A Mauri
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | - Sujit K Mukherjee
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK
| | - Mark Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK
| | - Ching Ngar Wong
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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323
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Bähr I, Spielmann J, Quandt D, Kielstein H. Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:245. [PMID: 32231659 PMCID: PMC7082404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation as well as dysfunctions of several innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent findings emphasize an impaired functionality and phenotype of natural killer (NK) cells under obese conditions. This review provides a detailed overview on research related to overweight and obesity with a particular focus on NK cells. We discuss obesity-associated alterations in subsets, distribution, phenotype, cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and signaling cascades of NK cells investigated in vitro as well as in animal and human studies. In addition, we provide recent insights into the effects of physical activity and obesity-associated nutritional factors as well as the reduction of body weight and fat mass on NK cell functions of obese individuals. Finally, we highlight the impact of impaired NK cell physiology on obesity-associated diseases, focusing on the elevated susceptibility for viral infections and increased risk for cancer development and impaired treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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324
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Donohoe F, Wilkinson M, Baxter E, Brennan DJ. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and Obesity-Related Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041241. [PMID: 32069845 PMCID: PMC7072904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. The increased risk of certain types of cancer is now an established deleterious consequence of obesity, although the molecular mechanisms of this are not completely understood. In this review, we aim to explore the links between MAPK signalling and obesity-related cancer. We focus mostly on p38 and JNK MAPK, as the role of ERK remains unclear. These links are seen through the implication of MAPK in obesity-related immune paralysis as well as through effects on the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and activation of aromatase. By way of example, we highlight areas of interest and possibilities for future research in endometrioid endometrial cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionán Donohoe
- Ireland East Hospital Gynaeoncology Group, UCD School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University, D07R2WY Dublin 7, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Wilkinson
- Ireland East Hospital Gynaeoncology Group, UCD School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University, D07R2WY Dublin 7, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Eva Baxter
- Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia;
| | - Donal J. Brennan
- Ireland East Hospital Gynaeoncology Group, UCD School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University, D07R2WY Dublin 7, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.W.)
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, Belfield, D04V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7164567
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325
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Fitzgibbon G, Mills KHG. The microbiota and immune-mediated diseases: Opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:326-337. [PMID: 31991477 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of diverse microorganisms, termed the microbiota, reside in the gut, respiratory tract, skin, and genital tract of humans and other animals. Recent advances in metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatics have enabled detailed characterization of these vital microbial communities. Studies in animal models have uncovered vital previously unrecognized roles for the microbiota in normal function of the immune responses, and when perturbed, in the pathogenesis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, but also at distant sites in the body including the brain. The composition of gut and respiratory microbiota can influence systemic inflammatory responses that mediate asthma, allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity-related diseases, and neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative conditions. Experiments in mouse models as well as emerging clinical studies have revealed that therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota, using fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, or engineered probiotics represent effective nontoxic approaches for the treatment or prevention of Clostridium difficile infection, allergy, and autoimmune diseases and may enhance the efficacy of certain cancer immunotherapeutics. This review discusses how commensal bacteria can influence immune responses that mediate a range of human diseases and how the microbiota are being targeted to treat these diseases, especially those resistant to pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Fitzgibbon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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326
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Exploratory examination of inflammation state, immune response and blood cell composition in a human obese cohort to identify potential markers predicting cancer risk. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228633. [PMID: 32027700 PMCID: PMC7004330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is often accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote many chronic diseases, including cancer. However, not all obese people develop these diseases and it would be very helpful to identify those at high risk early on so that preventative measures can be instituted. We performed an extensive evaluation of the effects of obesity on inflammatory markers, on innate and adaptive immune responses, and on blood cell composition to identify markers that might be useful in distinguishing those at elevated risk of cancer. Plasma samples from 42 volunteers with a BMI>35 had significantly higher CRP, PGE2, IL-1RA, IL-6 and IL-17 levels than 34 volunteers with normal BMIs. Of the cytokines and chemokines tested, only IL-17 was significantly higher in men with a BMI>35 than women with a BMI>35. As well, only IL-17 was significantly higher in those with a BMI>35 that had type 2 diabetes versus those without type 2 diabetes. Whole blood samples from participants with a BMI>35, when challenged with E. coli, produced significantly higher levels of IL-1RA while HSV-1 challenge resulted in significantly elevated IL-1RA and VEGF, and a non-significant increase in G-CSF and IL-8 levels. T cell activation of PBMCs, via anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, resulted in significantly higher IFNγ production from volunteers with a BMI>35. In terms of blood cells, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), monocytes, granulocytes, CD4+T cells and Tregs were all significantly higher while, natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells were all significantly lower in the BMI>35 cohort, suggesting that obesity may reduce the ability to kill nascent tumor cells. Importantly, however, there was considerable person-to-person variation amongst participants with a BMI>35, with some volunteers showing markedly different values from controls and others showing normal levels of many parameters measured. These person-to-person variations may prove useful in identifying those at high risk of developing cancer.
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327
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Melaiu O, Lucarini V, Cifaldi L, Fruci D. Influence of the Tumor Microenvironment on NK Cell Function in Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3038. [PMID: 32038612 PMCID: PMC6985149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of innate lymphoid cells playing a pivotal role in host immune responses against infection and tumor growth. These cells have a powerful cytotoxic activity orchestrated by an intricate network of inhibitory and activating signals. The importance of NK cells in controlling tumor growth and in mediating a robust anti-metastatic effect has been demonstrated in different experimental mouse cancer models. Consistently, high density of tumor-infiltrating NK cells has been linked with a good prognosis in multiple human solid tumors. However, there are also tumors that appear to be refractory to NK cell-mediated killing for the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment affecting NK cell function. Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at restoring and increasing the cytotoxic activity of NK cells in solid tumors, including the adoptive transfer of NK and CAR-NK cells, are currently employed in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we outline recent advances supporting the direct role of NK cells in controlling expansion of solid tumors and their prognostic value in human cancers. We summarize the mechanisms adopted by cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment to affect NK cell function, and finally we evaluate current strategies to augment the antitumor function of NK cells for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Melaiu
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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328
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Vijay J, Gauthier MF, Biswell RL, Louiselle DA, Johnston JJ, Cheung WA, Belden B, Pramatarova A, Biertho L, Gibson M, Simon MM, Djambazian H, Staffa A, Bourque G, Laitinen A, Nystedt J, Vohl MC, Fraser JD, Pastinen T, Tchernof A, Grundberg E. Single-cell analysis of human adipose tissue identifies depot and disease specific cell types. Nat Metab 2020; 2:97-109. [PMID: 32066997 PMCID: PMC7025882 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The complex relationship between metabolic disease risk and body fat distribution in humans involves cellular characteristics which are specific to body fat compartments. Here we show depot-specific differences in the stromal vascual fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue by performing single-cell RNA sequencing of tissue specimen from obese individuals. We characterize multiple immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipose and hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. Subpopulations of adipose-resident immune cells are metabolically active and associated with metabolic disease status and those include a population of potential dysfunctional CD8+ T cells expressing metallothioneins. We identify multiple types of adipocyte progenitors that are common across depots, including a subtype enriched in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Depot-specific analysis reveals a class of adipocyte progenitors unique to visceral adipose tissue, which shares common features with beige preadipocytes. Our human single-cell transcriptome atlas across fat depots provides a resource to dissect functional genomics of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchu Vijay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca L Biswell
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Daniel A Louiselle
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Johnston
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Warren A Cheung
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bradley Belden
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Albena Pramatarova
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Haig Djambazian
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alfredo Staffa
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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329
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Luci C, Bourinet M, Leclère PS, Anty R, Gual P. Chronic Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:597648. [PMID: 33384662 PMCID: PMC7771356 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver complications. The development of NASH is the consequence of aberrant activation of hepatic conventional immune, parenchymal, and endothelial cells in response to inflammatory mediators from the liver, adipose tissue, and gut. Hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells contribute to the significant accumulation of bone-marrow derived-macrophages and neutrophils in the liver, a hallmark of NASH. The aberrant activation of these immune cells elicits harmful inflammation and liver injury, leading to NASH progression. In this review, we highlight the processes triggering the recruitment and/or activation of hepatic innate immune cells, with a focus on macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells as well as the contribution of hepatocytes and endothelial cells in driving liver inflammation/fibrosis. On-going studies and preliminary results from global and specific therapeutic strategies to manage this NASH-related inflammation will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Luci
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Philippe Gual,
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330
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Khan S, Chan YT, Revelo XS, Winer DA. The Immune Landscape of Visceral Adipose Tissue During Obesity and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32499756 PMCID: PMC7243349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging represent major health burdens to the global adult population. Both conditions promote the development of associated metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a site that becomes dysfunctional during obesity and aging, and plays a significant role during their pathophysiology. The changes in obese and aging VAT are now recognized to be partly driven by a chronic local inflammatory state, characterized by immune cells that typically adopt an inflammatory phenotype during metabolic disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the immune cell landscape of the VAT during lean, obese, and aged conditions, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also briefly discuss possible linked mechanisms that fuel obesity- and age-associated VAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Xavier S. Revelo
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Daniel A. Winer
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331
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Fernø J, Strand K, Mellgren G, Stiglund N, Björkström NK. Natural Killer Cells as Sensors of Adipose Tissue Stress. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:3-12. [PMID: 31597606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) orchestrate low-grade chronic adipose tissue inflammation, linking obesity and insulin resistance. Whereas factors contributing to macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue are established, little is known regarding signals that link adipocyte stress to proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells are specialized innate lymphocytes that identify and respond to stressed cells. In this Opinion, we discuss the possibility of NK cells to function as sensors recognizing adipose tissue stress. We further summarize recent literature suggesting NK cells to play an important role in development of insulin resistance via secretion of cytokines that stimulate proinflammatory polarization of ATMs. This suggests adipose tissue-resident NK cells as a pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kristina Strand
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Natalie Stiglund
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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332
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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333
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Ziegler JF, Böttcher C, Letizia M, Yerinde C, Wu H, Freise I, Rodriguez-Sillke Y, Stoyanova AK, Kreis ME, Asbach P, Kunkel D, Priller J, Anagnostopoulos I, Kühl AA, Miehle K, Stumvoll M, Tran F, Fredrich B, Forster M, Franke A, Bojarski C, Glauben R, Löscher BS, Siegmund B, Weidinger C. Leptin induces TNFα-dependent inflammation in acquired generalized lipodystrophy and combined Crohn's disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5629. [PMID: 31822667 PMCID: PMC6904732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been shown to modulate intestinal inflammation in mice. However, clinical evidence regarding its immune-stimulatory potential in human Crohn’s disease remains sparse. We here describe a patient with the unique combination of acquired generalized lipodystrophy and Crohn’s disease (AGLCD) featuring a lack of adipose tissue, leptin deficiency and intestinal inflammation. Using mass and flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and functional metabolic analyses, the AGLCD patient was compared to healthy individuals and Crohn’s disease patients regarding immune cell composition, function and metabolism and the effects of recombinant N-methionylleptin (rLeptin) were evaluated. We provide evidence that rLeptin exerts diverse pro-inflammatory effects on immune cell differentiation and function, including the metabolic reprogramming of immune cells and the induction of TNFα, ultimately aggravating Crohn’s disease in the AGLCD patient, which can be reversed by anti-TNFα therapy. Our results indicate that leptin is required for human immune homeostasis and contributes to autoimmunity in a TNFα-dependent manner. The adipokine leptin modulates intestinal inflammation in mice. Here the authors describe a patient with inflammatory bowel disease and lipodystrophy, providing evidence that leptin aggravates intestinal inflammation with proinflammatory effects on leukocytes that are reversible by TNFα blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn F Ziegler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Department of Neuropsychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marilena Letizia
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cansu Yerinde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inka Freise
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasmina Rodriguez-Sillke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ani K Stoyanova
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Visceral Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin E Kreis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Visceral Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Asbach
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Desiree Kunkel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Cytometry Core, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Department of Neuropsychiatry, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Berlin, DZNE Berlin and University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ioannis Anagnostopoulos
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,iPATH.Berlin-Immunopathology for Experimental Models, Core Facility of the Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstanze Miehle
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Broder Fredrich
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Bojarski
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britt-Sabina Löscher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. .,Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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334
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Cucchi D, Camacho-Muñoz D, Certo M, Pucino V, Nicolaou A, Mauro C. Fatty acids - from energy substrates to key regulators of cell survival, proliferation and effector function. Cell Stress 2019; 4:9-23. [PMID: 31922096 PMCID: PMC6946016 DOI: 10.15698/cst2020.01.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunology and cancer research show that fatty acids, their metabolism and their sensing have a crucial role in the biology of many different cell types. Indeed, they are able to affect cellular behaviour with great implications for pathophysiology. Both the catabolic and anabolic pathways of fatty acids present us with a number of enzymes, receptors and agonists/antagonists that are potential therapeutic targets, some of which have already been successfully pursued. Fatty acids can affect the differentiation of immune cells, particularly T cells, as well as their activation and function, with important consequences for the balance between anti- and pro-inflammatory signals in immune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular conditions. In the context of cancer biology, fatty acids mainly provide substrates for energy production, which is of crucial importance to meet the energy demands of these highly proliferating cells. Fatty acids can also be involved in a broader transcriptional programme as they trigger signals necessary for tumorigenesis and can confer to cancer cells the ability to migrate and generate distant metastasis. For these reasons, the study of fatty acids represents a new research direction that can generate detailed insight and provide novel tools for the understanding of immune and cancer cell biology, and, more importantly, support the development of novel, efficient and fine-tuned clinical interventions. Here, we review the recent literature focusing on the involvement of fatty acids in the biology of immune cells, with emphasis on T cells, and cancer cells, from sensing and binding, to metabolism and downstream effects in cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cucchi
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
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335
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Turbitt WJ, Collins SD, Meng H, Rogers CJ. Increased Adiposity Enhances the Accumulation of MDSCs in the Tumor Microenvironment and Adipose Tissue of Pancreatic Tumor-Bearing Mice and in Immune Organs of Tumor-Free Hosts. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123012. [PMID: 31835454 PMCID: PMC6950402 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and reduced survival for many types of cancer. Increasing adiposity may affect the balance between immunosuppressive and antitumor mechanisms critical for dictating cancer progression or remission. The goal of the current study was to determine if increased adiposity altered tumor growth, survival, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation in a subcutaneous murine model of pancreatic cancer. C57BL/6 mice were placed on a 30% kcal calorie-restricted diet, 10% kcal from fat diet fed ad libitum, or 60% kcal from fat diet fed ad libitum for 16 weeks to generate lean, overweight, and obese mice, respectively; followed by subcutaneous injection with 1 × 106 Panc.02 cells. We observed a significant linear relationship between increased adiposity and increased tumor growth and mortality; increased accumulation of Gr-1+CD11b+ MDSCs; and reduced CD8 T cell:MDSC ratio in multiple tissues, including tumor. Increased adiposity also increased the accumulation of MDSCs in the spleen and lymph node of tumor-free mice. These data suggest adiposity induces MDSC accumulation, which may contribute to an immunosuppressive environment promoting tumor growth. Overall, our findings provide a rationale to prevent or reverse increased body weight as a strategy to reduce the accumulation of immunosuppressive cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Turbitt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (W.J.T.); (S.D.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Shawntawnee D. Collins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (W.J.T.); (S.D.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Huicui Meng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (W.J.T.); (S.D.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Connie J. Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (W.J.T.); (S.D.C.); (H.M.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-867-3716; Fax: +1-814-863-6103
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336
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Cao C, Yang S, Zhou Z. GLP-1 receptor agonists and risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrine 2019; 66:157-165. [PMID: 31420784 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Some preliminary studies reported a link between GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and thyroid/pancreatic neoplasms, while its human relevance remained undetermined. The present meta-analysis was performed to collect information on cancers associated with GLP-1RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were extensively searched to identify randomized controlled trials that reported cancer events in T2DM patients treated with GLP-1RAs for at least 52 weeks, up to March 18, 2019. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated for overall cancer (primary outcome), thyroid and pancreatic cancer. RESULTS A total of 37 eligible trials were identified. The OR for overall cancer associated with GLP-1RAs was 1.03 (95% CI 0.95-1.12; p = 0.41) compared with comparators. Subgroup analyses showed that treatment with albiglutide was associated with a lower risk of overall cancer (OR 0.76 [95% CI 0.60-0.97]; p = 0.03), and no elevated risk of overall cancer was identified for other GLP-1RAs. No significant differences in the risks of thyroid nor pancreatic cancer were disclosed between GLP-1RAs and comparators. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis did not suggest any increased risk of cancers associated with GLP-1RAs use in T2DM. The reduction in the risk of overall cancer associated with albiglutide needs to be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqing Cao
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China.
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337
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Zheng X, Qian Y, Fu B, Jiao D, Jiang Y, Chen P, Shen Y, Zhang H, Sun R, Tian Z, Wei H. Mitochondrial fragmentation limits NK cell-based tumor immunosurveillance. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1656-1667. [PMID: 31636463 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have crucial roles in tumor surveillance. We found that tumor-infiltrating NK cells in human liver cancers had small, fragmented mitochondria in their cytoplasm, whereas liver NK cells outside tumors, as well as peripheral NK cells, had normal large, tubular mitochondria. This fragmentation was correlated with reduced cytotoxicity and NK cell loss, resulting in tumor evasion of NK cell-mediated surveillance, which predicted poor survival in patients with liver cancer. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment drove the sustained activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin-GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (mTOR-Drp1) in NK cells, resulting in excessive mitochondrial fission into fragments. Inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation improved mitochondrial metabolism, survival and the antitumor capacity of NK cells. These data reveal a mechanism of immune escape that might be targetable and could invigorate NK cell-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zheng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yeben Qian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binqing Fu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Defeng Jiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiqing Shen
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Haiming Wei
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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338
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Natural Killer Cells Integrate Signals Received from Tumour Interactions and IL2 to Induce Robust and Prolonged Anti-Tumour and Metabolic Responses. IMMUNOMETABOLISM 2019; 1:e190014. [PMID: 31595191 PMCID: PMC6783304 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20190014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes with an important role in anti-tumour responses. NK cells bridge the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system; they are primed for immediate anti-tumour function but can also have prolonged actions alongside the adaptive T cell response. However, the key signals and cellular processes that are required for extended NK cell responses are not fully known. Herein we show that murine NK cell interaction with tumour cells induces the expression of CD25, the high affinity IL2 receptor, rendering these NK cells highly sensitive to the T cell-derived cytokine IL2. In response to IL2, CD25high NK cells show robust increases in metabolic signalling pathways (mTORC1, cMyc), nutrient transporter expression (CD71, CD98), cellular growth and in NK cell effector functions (IFNγ, granzyme B). Specific ligation of an individual activating NK cell receptor, NK1.1, showed similar increases in CD25 expression and IL2-induced responses. NK cell receptor ligation and IL2 collaborate to induce mTORC1/cMyc signalling leading to high rates of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and prolonged NK cell survival. Disrupting mTORC1 and cMyc signalling in CD25high tumour interacting NK cells prevents IL2-induced cell growth and function and compromises NK cell viability. This study reveals that tumour cell interactions and T cell-derived IL2 cooperate to promote robust and prolonged NK cell anti-tumour metabolic responses.
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339
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Terrén I, Orrantia A, Vitallé J, Zenarruzabeitia O, Borrego F. NK Cell Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2278. [PMID: 31616440 PMCID: PMC6769035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are characterized by their potential to kill tumor cells by different means without previous sensitization and have, therefore, become a valuable tool in cancer immunotherapy. However, their efficacy against solid tumors is still poor and further studies are required to improve it. One of the major restrictions for NK cell activity is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). There, tumor and other immune cells create the appropriate conditions for tumor proliferation while, among others, preventing NK cell activation. Furthermore, NK cell metabolism is impaired in the TME, presumably due to nutrient and oxygen deprivation, and the higher concentration of tumor-derived metabolic end products, such as lactate. This metabolic restriction of NK cells limits their effector functions, and it could represent a potential target to focus on to improve the efficacy of NK cell-based therapies against solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the potential effect of TME into NK cell metabolism and its influence in NK cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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340
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Cuff AO, Sillito F, Dertschnig S, Hall A, Luong TV, Chakraverty R, Male V. The Obese Liver Environment Mediates Conversion of NK Cells to a Less Cytotoxic ILC1-Like Phenotype. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2180. [PMID: 31572388 PMCID: PMC6749082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver contains both NK cells and their less cytotoxic relatives, ILC1. Here, we investigate the role of NK cells and ILC1 in the obesity-associated condition, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the livers of mice suffering from NAFLD, NK cells are less able to degranulate, express lower levels of perforin and are less able to kill cancerous target cells than those from healthy animals. This is associated with a decreased ability to kill cancer cells in vivo. On the other hand, we find that perforin-deficient mice suffer from less severe NAFLD, suggesting that this reduction in NK cell cytotoxicity may be protective in the obese liver, albeit at the cost of increased susceptibility to cancer. The decrease in cytotoxicity is associated with a shift toward a transcriptional profile characteristic of ILC1, increased expression of the ILC1-associated proteins CD200R1 and CD49a, and an altered metabolic profile mimicking that of ILC1. We show that the conversion of NK cells to this less cytotoxic phenotype is at least partially mediated by TGFβ, which is expressed at high levels in the obese liver. Finally, we show that reduced cytotoxicity is also a feature of NK cells in the livers of human NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia O. Cuff
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Sillito
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Dertschnig
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hall
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tu Vinh Luong
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Male
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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341
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Varricchi G, de Paulis A, Marone G, Galli SJ. Future Needs in Mast Cell Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4397. [PMID: 31500217 PMCID: PMC6769913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological roles of mast cells are still not fully understood, over 140 years since their description by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Initial studies have attempted to identify distinct "subpopulations" of mast cells based on a relatively small number of biochemical characteristics. More recently, "subtypes" of mast cells have been described based on the analysis of transcriptomes of anatomically distinct mouse mast cell populations. Although mast cells can potently alter homeostasis, in certain circumstances, these cells can also contribute to the restoration of homeostasis. Both solid and hematologic tumors are associated with the accumulation of peritumoral and/or intratumoral mast cells, suggesting that these cells can help to promote and/or limit tumorigenesis. We suggest that at least two major subsets of mast cells, MC1 (meaning anti-tumorigenic) and MC2 (meaning pro-tumorigenic), and/or different mast cell mediators derived from otherwise similar cells, could play distinct or even opposite roles in tumorigenesis. Mast cells are also strategically located in the human myocardium, in atherosclerotic plaques, in close proximity to nerves and in the aortic valve. Recent studies have revealed evidence that cardiac mast cells can participate both in physiological and pathological processes in the heart. It seems likely that different subsets of mast cells, like those of cardiac macrophages, can exert distinct, even opposite, effects in different pathophysiological processes in the heart. In this chapter, we have commented on possible future needs of the ongoing efforts to identify the diverse functions of mast cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA.
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342
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Tang Z, Ye W, Chen H, Kuang X, Guo J, Xiang M, Peng C, Chen X, Liu H. Role of purines in regulation of metabolic reprogramming. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:423-438. [PMID: 31493132 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purines, among most influential molecules, are reported to have essential biological function by regulating various cell types. A large number of studies have led to the discovery of many biological functions of the purine nucleotides such as ATP, ADP, and adenosine, as signaling molecules that engage G protein-coupled or ligand-gated ion channel receptors. The role of purines in the regulation of cellular functions at the gene or protein level has been well documented. With the advances in multiomics, including those from metabolomic and bioinformatic analyses, metabolic reprogramming was identified as a key mechanism involved in the regulation of cellular function under physiological or pathological conditions. Recent studies suggest that purines or purine-derived products contribute to important regulatory functions in many fundamental biological and pathological processes related to metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, this review summarizes the role and potential mechanism of purines in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming. In particular, the molecular mechanisms of extracellular purine- and intracellular purine-mediated metabolic regulation in various cells during disease development are discussed. In summary, our review provides an extensive resource for studying the regulatory role of purines in metabolic reprogramming and sheds light on the utilization of the corresponding peptides or proteins for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenrui Ye
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinwei Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minmin Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Center for Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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343
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Hermano E, Goldberg R, Rubinstein AM, Sonnenblick A, Maly B, Nahmias D, Li JP, Bakker MAH, van der Vlag J, Vlodavsky I, Peretz T, Elkin M. Heparanase Accelerates Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5342-5354. [PMID: 31481501 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obese women have higher risk of bearing breast tumors that are highly aggressive and resistant to therapies. Tumor-promoting effects of obesity occur locally via adipose inflammation and related alterations to the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as systemically via circulating metabolic mediators (e.g., free fatty acids, FFA) associated with excess adiposity and implicated in toll-like receptor-mediated activation of macrophages-key cellular players in obesity-related cancer progression. Although the contribution of macrophages to proneoplastic effects of obesity is well documented, the role of ECM components and their enzymatic degradation is less appreciated. We show that heparanase, the sole mammalian endoglucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate in ECM, is preferentially expressed in clinical/experimental obesity-associated breast tumors. Heparanase deficiency abolished obesity-accelerated tumor progression in vivo. Heparanase orchestrated a complex molecular program that occurred concurrently in adipose and tumor tissue and sustained the cancer-promoting action of obesity. Heparanase was required for adipose tissue macrophages to produce inflammatory mediators responsible for local induction of aromatase, a rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis. Estrogen upregulated heparanase in hormone-responsive breast tumors. In subsequent stages, elevated levels of heparanase induced acquisition of procancerous phenotype by tumor-associated macrophages, resulting in activation of tumor-promoting signaling and acceleration of breast tumor growth under obese conditions. As techniques to screen for heparanase expression in tumors become available, these findings provide rational and a mechanistic basis for designing antiheparanase approaches to uncouple obesity and breast cancer in a rapidly growing population of obese patients. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals the role of heparanase in promoting obesity-associated breast cancer and provides a mechanistically informed approach to uncouple obesity and breast cancer in a rapidly growing population of obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hermano
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Goldberg
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bella Maly
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniela Nahmias
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marinka A H Bakker
- Nephrology Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Nephrology Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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344
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Anft M, Netter P, Urlaub D, Prager I, Schaffner S, Watzl C. NK cell detachment from target cells is regulated by successful cytotoxicity and influences cytokine production. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:347-355. [PMID: 31471588 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells participate in early immune defenses against pathogens and tumors and play a major role as immune effector and regulatory cells. The NK cell-mediated elimination of an infected or cancerous cell is a highly regulated process that requires the formation of a cell contact, the establishment of an immunological synapse and the polarization and release of lytic granules. Additionally, the detachment of NK cells from target cells is important for NK cells to bind and kill other cells in a process called serial killing. However, very little is known about this detachment process. Here, we show that NK detachment is directly connected to the successful killing of a target cell. The inhibition of killing due to reduced NK cell cytotoxicity or increased target cell resistance results in defective detachment and prolonged contact times. This effect leads to sustained Ca2+ flux in NK cells and the hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Linking defective cytotoxicity with enhanced cytokine secretion via reduced detachment may explain inflammatory pathologies in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anft
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Netter
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Doris Urlaub
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Isabel Prager
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Samantha Schaffner
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carsten Watzl
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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345
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Bi J, Tian Z. NK Cell Dysfunction and Checkpoint Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1999. [PMID: 31552017 PMCID: PMC6736636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells play important roles in the innate immune responses against tumors. The effector function of NK cells relies on the integration of activating and inhibitory signals. Emerging checkpoint receptors and molecules are being revealed to mediate NK cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of some NK cell surface checkpoint receptors has displayed the potential to reverse NK cell dysfunction in tumors, and to boost anti-tumor immunity, both in clinical trials (anti-KIR and anti-NKG2A), and in preclinical studies (e.g., anti-TIGIT, and anti-CD96). To fully exploit the potential of NK-based checkpoint immunotherapy, more understanding of the regional features of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment is required. This will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of NK cell immune response against tumors, as well as novel checkpoints or pathways to be targeted. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of NK cell dysfunction in tumors, as well as emerging strategies of NK-based checkpoint immunotherapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Bi
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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346
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Niavarani SR, Lawson C, Bakos O, Boudaud M, Batenchuk C, Rouleau S, Tai LH. Lipid accumulation impairs natural killer cell cytotoxicity and tumor control in the postoperative period. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:823. [PMID: 31429730 PMCID: PMC6701111 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction following cancer surgery has been shown to promote metastases. Recent studies demonstrate an emerging role for lipids in the modulation of NK cell innate responses. However, the mechanisms involved in lipid modulation of NK cell postoperative anti-tumor function are unknown. This current study will determine whether the lipid accumulation via scavenger receptors on NK cells is responsible for the increase in postoperative metastasis. METHODS Lipid content in mouse and human NK cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. NK cell scavenger receptor (SR) expression was measured by microarray analysis, validated by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. NK cell ex vivo and in vivo tumor killing was measured by chromium-release and adoptive transfer assays, respectively. The mediating role of surgery-expanded granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (gMDSC) in SR induction on NK cells was evaluated using co-culture assays. RESULTS NK cells in surgery-treated mice demonstrated increased lipid accumulation, which occurred via up-regulation of MSR1, CD36 and CD68. NK cells with high lipid content had diminished ability to lyse tumor targets ex vivo. Adoptive transfer of lipid-laden NK cells into NK cell-deficient mice were unable to protect against a lung tumor challenge. Granulocytic MDSC from surgery-treated mice increased SR expression on NK cells. Colorectal cancer surgical patients showed increased NK cell lipid content, higher CD36 expression, decreased granzyme B and perforin production in addition to reduced cytotoxicity in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative lipid accumulation promotes the formation of metastases by impairing NK cell function in both preclinical surgical models and human surgical colorectal cancer patient samples. Understanding and targeting the mechanisms underlying lipid accumulation in innate immune NK cells can improve prognosis in cancer surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Raheleh Niavarani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon sur la Recherche Appliqué du Cancer at 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Christine Lawson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon sur la Recherche Appliqué du Cancer at 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Orneala Bakos
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon sur la Recherche Appliqué du Cancer at 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Marie Boudaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Cory Batenchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel Rouleau
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon sur la Recherche Appliqué du Cancer at 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon sur la Recherche Appliqué du Cancer at 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche Clinique de Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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347
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Riera-Domingo C, Audigé A, Granja S, Cheng WC, Ho PC, Baltazar F, Stockmann C, Mazzone M. Immunity, Hypoxia, and Metabolism-the Ménage à Trois of Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:1-102. [PMID: 31414610 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The major aims of this review are to provide an overview on the immune system in cancer; to position oxygen shortage and metabolic competition as the ground of a restrictive TME and as important players in the anti-tumor immune response; to define how immunotherapies affect hypoxia/oxygen delivery and the metabolic landscape of the tumor; and vice versa, how oxygen and metabolites within the TME impinge on the success of immunotherapies. By analyzing preclinical and clinical endeavors, we will discuss how a metabolic characterization of the TME can identify novel targets and signatures that could be exploited in combination with standard immunotherapies and can help to predict the benefit of new and traditional immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sara Granja
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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348
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Varricchi G, Loffredo S, Marone G, Modestino L, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, de Paulis A, Antonelli A, Galdiero MR. The Immune Landscape of Thyroid Cancer in the Context of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3934. [PMID: 31412566 PMCID: PMC6720642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells play critical roles in tumor prevention as well as initiation and progression. However, immune-resistant cancer cells can evade the immune system and proceed to form tumors. The normal microenvironment (immune cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels, and interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM)) maintains tissue homeostasis and prevents tumor initiation. Inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and chemokines from an altered microenvironment promote tumor growth. During the last decade, thyroid cancer, the most frequent cancer of the endocrine system, has emerged as the fifth most incident cancer in the United States (USA), and its incidence is steadily growing. Inflammation has long been associated with thyroid cancer, raising critical questions about the role of immune cells in its pathogenesis. A plethora of immune cells and their mediators are present in the thyroid cancer ecosystem. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune checkpoints, such as mAbs anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1), have revolutionized the treatment of many malignancies, but they induce thyroid dysfunction in up to 10% of patients, presumably by enhancing autoimmunity. Combination strategies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with tyrosine kinase (TK) or serine/threonine protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) inhibitors are showing considerable promise in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer. This review illustrates how different immune cells contribute to thyroid cancer development and the rationale for the antitumor effects of ICIs in combination with BRAF/TK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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349
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Paternoster S, Falasca M. Targeting the adipose tissue to fight prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S229-S231. [PMID: 31392130 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Paternoster
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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350
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Carrageta DF, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Monteiro MP. Obesity and male hypogonadism: Tales of a vicious cycle. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1148-1158. [PMID: 31035310 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity prevalence, particularly in children and young adults, is perilously increasing worldwide foreseeing serious negative health impacts in the future to come. Obesity is linked to impaired male gonadal function and is currently a major cause of hypogonadism. Besides signs and symptoms directly derived from decreased circulating testosterone levels, males with obesity also present poor fertility outcomes, further evidencing the parallelism between obesity and male reproductive function. In addition, males with androgen deficiency also exhibit increased fat accumulation and reduced muscle and mineral bone mass. Thus, compelling evidence highlights a vicious cycle where male hypogonadism can lead to increased adiposity, while obesity can be a cause for male hypogonadism. On the opposite direction, sustained weight loss can attain amelioration of male gonadal function. In this scenario, a thorough evaluation of gonadal function in men with obesity is crucial to dissect the causes from the consequences in order to target clinical interventions towards maximized improvement of reproductive health. This review will address the causes and consequences of the bidirectional relationship between obesity and hypogonadism, highlighting the implicit male reproductive repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carrageta
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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