301
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Haga T, Hirakawa H, Nagamune T. Artificial Self‐Sufficient Cytochrome P450 Containing Multiple Auxiliary Proteins Demonstrates Improved Monooxygenase Activity. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800088. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Haga
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyo 113‐8656Japan
| | - Hidehiko Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyo 113‐8656Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyo 113‐8656Japan
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302
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Wang H, Dolezal JM, Kulkarni S, Lu J, Mandel J, Jackson LE, Alencastro F, Duncan AW, Prochownik EV. Myc and ChREBP transcription factors cooperatively regulate normal and neoplastic hepatocyte proliferation in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14740-14757. [PMID: 30087120 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogous to the c-Myc (Myc)/Max family of bHLH-ZIP transcription factors, there exists a parallel regulatory network of structurally and functionally related proteins with Myc-like functions. Two related Myc-like paralogs, termed MondoA and MondoB/carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), up-regulate gene expression in heterodimeric association with the bHLH-ZIP Max-like factor Mlx. Myc is necessary to support liver cancer growth, but not for normal hepatocyte proliferation. Here, we investigated ChREBP's role in these processes and its relationship to Myc. Unlike Myc loss, ChREBP loss conferred a proliferative disadvantage to normal murine hepatocytes, as did the combined loss of ChREBP and Myc. Moreover, hepatoblastomas (HBs) originating in myc-/-, chrebp-/-, or myc-/-/chrebp-/- backgrounds grew significantly more slowly. Metabolic studies on livers and HBs in all three genetic backgrounds revealed marked differences in oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. RNA-Seq of livers and HBs suggested seven distinct mechanisms of Myc-ChREBP target gene regulation. Gene ontology analysis indicated that many transcripts deregulated in the chrebp-/- background encode enzymes functioning in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and β- and ω-FAO, whereas those dysregulated in the myc-/- background encode enzymes functioning in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and sterol biosynthesis. In the myc-/-/chrebp-/- background, additional deregulated transcripts included those involved in peroxisomal β- and α-FAO. Finally, we observed that Myc and ChREBP cooperatively up-regulated virtually all ribosomal protein genes. Our findings define the individual and cooperative proliferative, metabolic, and transcriptional roles for the "Extended Myc Network" under both normal and neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - James M Dolezal
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - Jie Lu
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - Jordan Mandel
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - Laura E Jackson
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | | | | | - Edward V Prochownik
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, .,the Pittsburgh Liver Center.,the Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, and.,the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
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303
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Drakulic S, Rai J, Petersen SV, Golas MM, Sander B. Folding and assembly defects of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency-related variants in the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3009-3026. [PMID: 29445841 PMCID: PMC11105750 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) bridges glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. In human, PDC deficiency leads to severe neurodevelopmental delay and progressive neurodegeneration. The majority of cases are caused by variants in the gene encoding the PDC subunit E1α. The molecular effects of the variants, however, remain poorly understood. Using yeast as a eukaryotic model system, we have studied the substitutions A189V, M230V, and R322C in yeast E1α (corresponding to the pathogenic variants A169V, M210V, and R302C in human E1α) and evaluated how substitutions of single amino acid residues within different functional E1α regions affect PDC structure and activity. The E1α A189V substitution located in the heterodimer interface showed a more compact conformation with significant underrepresentation of E1 in PDC and impaired overall PDC activity. The E1α M230V substitution located in the tetramer and heterodimer interface showed a relatively more open conformation and was particularly affected by low thiamin pyrophosphate concentrations. The E1α R322C substitution located in the phosphorylation loop of E1α resulted in PDC lacking E3 subunits and abolished overall functional activity. Furthermore, we show for the E1α variant A189V that variant E1α accumulates in the Hsp60 chaperonin, but can be released upon ATP supplementation. Our studies suggest that pathogenic E1α variants may be associated with structural changes of PDC and impaired folding of E1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdja Drakulic
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jay Rai
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Monika M Golas
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bjoern Sander
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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304
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Small L, Brandon AE, Quek LE, Krycer JR, James DE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Acute activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase increases glucose oxidation in muscle without changing glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E258-E266. [PMID: 29406780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00386.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity is a key component of the glucose/fatty acid cycle hypothesis for the regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism. We have investigated whether acute activation of PDH in muscle can alleviate the insulin resistance caused by feeding animals a high-fat diet (HFD). The importance of PDH activity in muscle glucose disposal under insulin-stimulated conditions was determined by infusing the PDH kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) into HFD-fed Wistar rats during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Acute DCA infusion did not alter glucose infusion rate, glucose disappearance, or hepatic glucose production but did decrease plasma lactate levels. DCA substantially increased muscle PDH activity; however, this did not improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle of HFD rats. DCA infusion increased the flux of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and reduced glucose incorporation into glycogen and alanine in muscle. Similarly, in isolated muscle, DCA treatment increased glucose oxidation and decreased glycogen synthesis without changing glucose uptake. These results suggest that, although PDH activity controls the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for oxidation, this has little effect on glucose uptake into muscle under insulin-stimulated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
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305
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Park S, Jeon JH, Min BK, Ha CM, Thoudam T, Park BY, Lee IK. Role of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Metabolic Remodeling: Differential Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Functions in Metabolism. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:270-281. [PMID: 30136450 PMCID: PMC6107359 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Dysfunction occurs in part because of altered regulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which acts as a central metabolic node that mediates pyruvate oxidation after glycolysis and fuels the Krebs cycle to meet energy demands. Fine-tuning of PDC activity has been mainly attributed to post-translational modifications of its subunits, including the extensively studied phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), modulated by kinases (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase [PDK] 1-4) and phosphatases (pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase [PDP] 1-2), respectively. In addition to phosphorylation, other covalent modifications, including acetylation and succinylation, and changes in metabolite levels via metabolic pathways linked to utilization of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, have been identified. In this review, we will summarize the roles of PDC in diverse tissues and how regulation of its activity is affected in various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmi Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Jae Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byong Keol Min
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chae Myeong Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Themis Thoudam
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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306
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Fuhr L, El-Athman R, Scrima R, Cela O, Carbone A, Knoop H, Li Y, Hoffmann K, Laukkanen MO, Corcione F, Steuer R, Meyer TF, Mazzoccoli G, Capitanio N, Relógio A. The Circadian Clock Regulates Metabolic Phenotype Rewiring Via HKDC1 and Modulates Tumor Progression and Drug Response in Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:105-121. [PMID: 30005951 PMCID: PMC6085544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An endogenous molecular clockwork drives various cellular pathways including metabolism and the cell cycle. Its dysregulation is able to prompt pathological phenotypes including cancer. Besides dramatic metabolic alterations, cancer cells display severe changes in the clock phenotype with likely consequences in tumor progression and treatment response. In this study, we use a comprehensive systems-driven approach to investigate the effect of clock disruption on metabolic pathways and its impact on drug response in a cellular model of colon cancer progression. We identified distinctive time-related transcriptomic and metabolic features of a primary tumor and its metastatic counterpart. A mapping of the expression data to a comprehensive genome-scale reconstruction of human metabolism allowed for the in-depth functional characterization of 24 h-oscillating transcripts and pointed to a clock-driven metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis. In particular, we identified a set of five clock-regulated glycolysis genes, ALDH3A2, ALDOC, HKDC1, PCK2, and PDHB with differential temporal expression patterns. These findings were validated in organoids and in primary fibroblasts isolated from normal colon and colon adenocarcinoma from the same patient. We further identified a reciprocal connection of HKDC1 to the clock in the primary tumor, which is lost in the metastatic cells. Interestingly, a disruption of the core-clock gene BMAL1 impacts on HKDC1 and leads to a time-dependent rewiring of metabolism, namely an increase in glycolytic activity, as well as changes in treatment response. This work provides novel evidence regarding the complex interplay between the circadian clock and metabolic alterations in carcinogenesis and identifies new connections between both systems with pivotal roles in cancer progression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Fuhr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Rukeia El-Athman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Henning Knoop
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Yin Li
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Karen Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Corcione
- Department of General, Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ralf Steuer
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Berlin, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Relógio
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany.
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307
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Afzal M, Shafeeq S, Kuipers OP. NADH-Mediated Gene Expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Role of Rex as a Transcriptional Repressor of the Rex-Regulon. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1300. [PMID: 29971050 PMCID: PMC6018154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD(H)) play a vital role in various biological processes, including keeping the cellular redox balance. In this study, we investigate the regulatory responses of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 to NADH and characterize the role of the Rex protein as a transcriptional repressor of the gapN, fba, pncB, adhB2, gap, and adhE genes. Transcriptomic analysis was used to observe the response of S. pneumoniae D39 to NADH. Our microarray studies revealed elevated expression of various genes/operons involved in transport and biosynthesis of niacin (gapN, fba, pncB, adhB2, gap, and adhE). Promoter lacZ-fusion assays and microarray studies with the rex mutant revealed the role of Rex as a transcriptional repressor of gapN, fba, pncB, adhB2, gap, and adhE involved in niacin uptake and biosynthesis, in the presence of NADH. We predict the operator site (5′-TTGTKAWAAWWTTCACAA-3′) of Rex in the regulatory regions of Rex-regulated genes that was subsequently validated by promoter mutational experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Molecular Genetics Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Molecular Genetics Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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308
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Nichols M, Pavlov EV, Robertson GS. Tamoxifen-induced knockdown of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in Thy1-expressing neurons protects mice from hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:606. [PMID: 29789575 PMCID: PMC5964108 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates high-capacity mitochondrial calcium uptake that stimulates energy production. However, excessive MCU activity can cause ischemic heart injury. To examine if the MCU is also involved in hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain injury, we have generated conditional MCU knockout mice by tamoxifen (TMX) administration to adult MCU-floxed (MCUfl/fl) mice expressing a construct encoding Thy1-cre/ERT2-eYFP. Relative to TMX/Thy1-cre/ERT2-eYFP controls, HI-induced sensorimotor deficits, forebrain neuron loss and mitochondrial damage were decreased for conditional MCU knockout mice. MCU knockdown by siRNA-induced silencing in cortical neuron cultures also reduced cell death and mitochondrial respiratory deficits following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Furthermore, MCU silencing did not produce metabolic abnormalities in cortical neurons observed previously for global MCU nulls that increased reliance on glycolysis for energy production. Based on these findings, we propose that brain-penetrant MCU inhibitors have strong potential to be well-tolerated and highly-efficacious neuroprotectants for the acute management of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd Floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd Floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2. .,Department of Psychiatry, QEII Health Sciences Centre, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, 8th floor, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada.
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309
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Liu J, Gao W, Pu L, Wei J, Xin Z, Wang Y, Shi T, Guo C. Modulation of hepatic gene expression profiles by vitamin B 1, vitamin B 2, and niacin supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:844-853. [PMID: 29566343 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to observe the effects of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation on hepatic gene expression profiles in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Thirty mice were randomly divided into normal, acute hypoxia, and acute hypoxia plus vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation groups and fed corresponding diets for 2 weeks and then exposed to a simulated altitude of 6000 m for 8 h. Hepatic gene expression profiles were analyzed using a microarray technique. Several biochemical markers were also assayed. The results showed that a total of 2476 genes were expressed differentially after acute hypoxia exposure (1508 upregulated genes and 968 downregulated genes). Compared with the acute hypoxia group, there were 1382 genes differentially expressed (626 upregulated genes and 756 downregulated genes) in the acute hypoxia plus vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation group. Pathway analysis indicated that carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as electron transfer chain, were improved to some extent after vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation. Supportive results were obtained from biochemical assays. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin is beneficial in improving nutritional metabolism partly via gene expression under acute hypoxia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Weina Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jingyu Wei
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhonghao Xin
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Tala Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
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310
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Shakespear MR, Iyer A, Cheng CY, Das Gupta K, Singhal A, Fairlie DP, Sweet MJ. Lysine Deacetylases and Regulated Glycolysis in Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:473-488. [PMID: 29567326 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cellular metabolism has emerged as a fundamental process controlling macrophage functions, but there is still much to uncover about the precise signaling mechanisms involved. Lysine acetylation regulates the activity, stability, and/or localization of metabolic enzymes, as well as inflammatory responses, in macrophages. Two protein families, the classical zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the NAD-dependent HDACs (sirtuins, SIRTs), mediate lysine deacetylation. We describe here mechanisms by which classical HDACs and SIRTs directly regulate specific glycolytic enzymes, as well as evidence that links these protein deacetylases to the regulation of glycolysis-related genes. In these contexts, we discuss HDACs and SIRTs as key control points for regulating immunometabolism and inflammatory outputs from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Shakespear
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine Youting Cheng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kaustav Das Gupta
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Amit Singhal
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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311
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Schafer C, Young ZT, Makarewich CA, Elnwasany A, Kinter C, Kinter M, Szweda LI. Coenzyme A-mediated degradation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 promotes cardiac metabolic flexibility after high-fat feeding in mice. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29540486 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac energy is produced primarily by oxidation of fatty acids and glucose, with the relative contributions of each nutrient being sensitive to changes in substrate availability and energetic demand. A major contributor to cardiac metabolic flexibility is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts glucose-derived pyruvate to acetyl-CoA within the mitochondria. PDH is inhibited by phosphorylation dependent on the competing activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1-4) and phosphatases (PDP1-2). A single high-fat meal increases cardiac PDK4 content and subsequently inhibits PDH activity, reducing pyruvate utilization when abundant fatty acids are available. In this study, we demonstrate that diet-induced increases in PDK4 are reversible and characterize a novel pathway that regulates PDK4 degradation in response to the cardiac metabolic environment. We found that PDK4 degradation is promoted by CoA (CoASH), the levels of which declined in mice fed a high-fat diet and normalized following transition to a control diet. We conclude that CoASH functions as a metabolic sensor linking the rate of PDK4 degradation to fatty acid availability in the heart. However, prolonged high-fat feeding followed by return to a low-fat diet resulted in persistent in vitro sensitivity of PDH to fatty acid-induced inhibition despite reductions in PDK4 content. Moreover, increases in the levels of proteins responsible for β-oxidation and rates of palmitate oxidation by isolated cardiac mitochondria following long-term consumption of high dietary fat persisted after transition to the control diet. We propose that these changes prime PDH for inhibition upon reintroduction of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schafer
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Zachary T Young
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | - Abdallah Elnwasany
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Caroline Kinter
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Michael Kinter
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Luke I Szweda
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, .,the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
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313
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Gopal K, Almutairi M, Al Batran R, Eaton F, Gandhi M, Ussher JR. Cardiac-Specific Deletion of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Impairs Glucose Oxidation Rates and Induces Diastolic Dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:17. [PMID: 29560354 PMCID: PMC5845646 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase the risk for cardiomyopathy, which is the presence of ventricular dysfunction in the absence of underlying coronary artery disease and/or hypertension. As myocardial energy metabolism is altered during obesity/T2D (increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation), we hypothesized that restricting myocardial glucose oxidation in lean mice devoid of the perturbed metabolic milieu observed in obesity/T2D would produce a cardiomyopathy phenotype, characterized via diastolic dysfunction. We tested our hypothesis via producing mice with a cardiac-specific gene knockout for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH, gene name Pdha1), the rate-limiting enzyme for glucose oxidation. Cardiac-specific Pdha1 deficient (Pdha1Cardiac-/-) mice were generated via crossing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre expressing mouse under the control of the alpha-myosin heavy chain (αMHC-MerCreMer) promoter with a floxed Pdha1 mouse. Energy metabolism and cardiac function were assessed via isolated working heart perfusions and ultrasound echocardiography, respectively. Tamoxifen administration produced an ~85% reduction in PDH protein expression in Pdha1Cardiac-/- mice versus their control littermates, which resulted in a marked reduction in myocardial glucose oxidation and a corresponding increase in palmitate oxidation. This myocardial metabolism profile did not impair systolic function in Pdha1Cardiac-/- mice, which had comparable left ventricular ejection fractions and fractional shortenings as their αMHC-MerCreMer control littermates, but did produce diastolic dysfunction as seen via the reduced mitral E/A ratio. Therefore, it does appear that forced restriction of glucose oxidation in the hearts of Pdha1Cardiac-/- mice is sufficient to produce a cardiomyopathy-like phenotype, independent of the perturbed metabolic milieu observed in obesity and/or T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Malak Almutairi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Manoj Gandhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Reyes Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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314
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Dung VM, Suong DNA, Okamaoto Y, Hiramatsu Y, Thao DTP, Yoshida H, Takashima H, Yamaguchi M. Neuron-specific knockdown of Drosophila PDHB induces reduction of lifespan, deficient locomotive ability, abnormal morphology of motor neuron terminals and photoreceptor axon targeting. Exp Cell Res 2018; 366:92-102. [PMID: 29501567 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a common primary cause of defects in mitochondrial function and also can lead to peripheral neuropathy. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (PDHB) is a subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1, which is a well-known component of PDC. In Drosophila melanogaster, the CG11876 (dPDHB) gene is a homolog of human PDHB. In this study, we established a Drosophila model with neuron-specific knockdown of dPDHB to investigate its role in neuropathy pathogenesis. Knockdown of dPDHB in pan-neurons induced locomotor defects in both larval and adult stages, which were consistent with abnormal morphology of the motor neuron terminals at neuromuscular junctions and mitochondrial fragmentation in brains. Moreover, neuron-specific knockdown of dPDHB also shortened the lifespan of adult flies. In addition, flies with knockdown of dPDHB manifested a rough eye phenotype and aberrant photoreceptor axon targeting. These results with the Drosophila model suggest the involvement of PDHB in peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuu My Dung
- Department of Applied Biology, The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Ngoc Anh Suong
- Department of Applied Biology, The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Okamaoto
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yu Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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315
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Singh VK, Sirobhushanam S, Ring RP, Singh S, Gatto C, Wilkinson BJ. Roles of pyruvate dehydrogenase and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase in branched-chain membrane fatty acid levels and associated functions in Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:570-578. [PMID: 29498620 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Membrane fluidity to a large extent is governed by the presence of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BKD) is the key enzyme in BCFA synthesis. A Staphylococcus aureus BKD-deficient strain still produced substantial levels of BCFAs. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) with structural similarity to BKD has been speculated to contribute to BCFAs in S. aureus. METHODOLOGY This study was carried out using BKD-, PDH- and BKD : PDH-deficient derivatives of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain JE2. Differences in growth kinetics were evaluated spectrophotometrically, membrane BCFAs using gas chromatography and membrane fluidity by fluorescence polarization. Carotenoid levels were estimated by measuring A465 of methanol extracts from 48 h cultures. MIC values were determined by broth microdilution.Results/Key findings. BCFAs made up 50 % of membrane fatty acids in wild-type but only 31 % in the BKD-deficient mutant. BCFA level was ~80 % in the PDH-deficient strain and 38 % in the BKD : PDH-deficient strain. BKD-deficient mutant showed decreased membrane fluidity, the PDH-deficient mutant showed increased membrane fluidity. The BKD- and PDH-deficient strains grew slower and the BKD : PDH-deficient strain grew slowest at 37 °C. However at 20 °C, the BKD- and BKD : PDH-deficient strains grew only a little followed by autolysis of these cells. The BKD-deficient strain produced higher levels of staphyloxanthin. The PDH-deficient and BKD : PDH-deficient strains produced very little staphyloxanthin. The BKD-deficient strain showed increased susceptibility to daptomycin. CONCLUSION The BCFA composition of the cell membrane in S. aureus seems to significantly impact cell growth, membrane fluidity and resistance to daptomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K Singh
- Microbiology & Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - Sirisha Sirobhushanam
- Microbiology Group, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Robert P Ring
- Microbiology & Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - Saumya Singh
- Microbiology & Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - Craig Gatto
- Microbiology Group, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Brian J Wilkinson
- Microbiology Group, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
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316
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Yonashiro R, Eguchi K, Wake M, Takeda N, Nakayama K. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase PDH-E1β Controls Tumor Progression by Altering the Metabolic Status of Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1592-1603. [PMID: 29436427 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is critical for the aberrant preferential activation of glycolysis in cancer cells under normoxic conditions. Phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of PDH is a relevant event in this process, but it is not durable as it relies on PDH kinases that are activated ordinarily under hypoxic conditions. Thus, it remains unclear how PDH is durably downregulated in cancer cells that are not hypoxic. Building on evidence that PDH activity depends on the stability of a multi-protein PDH complex, we found that the PDH-E1β subunit of the PDH complex is downregulated to inhibit PDH activity under conditions of prolonged hypoxia. After restoration of normoxic conditions, reduced expression of PDH-E1β was sustained such that glycolysis remained highly activated. Notably, PDH-E1β silencing in cancer cells produced a metabolic state strongly resembling the Warburg effect, but inhibited tumor growth. Conversely, enforced exogenous expression of PDH-E1β durably increased PDH activity and promoted the malignant growth of breast cancer cells in vivo Taken together, our results establish the specific mechanism through which PDH acts as an oncogenic factor by tuning glycolytic metabolism in cancer cells.Significance: This seminal study offers a mechanistic explanation for why glycolysis is aberrantly activated in normoxic cancer cells, offering insights into this long-standing hallmark of cancer termed the Warburg effect. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1592-603. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yonashiro
- Oxygen Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Eguchi
- Oxygen Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Wake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Nakayama
- Oxygen Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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317
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Al Batran R, Almutairi M, Ussher JR. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor mediated control of cardiac energy metabolism. Peptides 2018; 100:94-100. [PMID: 29412838 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are frequently used to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent data from cardiovascular outcomes trials for the GLP-1R agonists, liraglutide and semaglutide, have also demonstrated significant reductions in death rates from cardiovascular causes in patients with T2D. As cardiovascular death is the number one cause of death in patients with T2D, understanding the mechanisms by which GLP-1R agonists such as liraglutide and semaglutide improve cardiac function is essential. Yet despite strong evidence from preclinical and clinical studies supporting the cardioprotective actions of GLP-1R agonists, the precise mechanism(s) by which this drug-class for T2D may produce these beneficial actions remains enigmatic. Negligible GLP-1R expression in ventricular cardiac myocytes suggests that GLP-1R agonist-induced cardioprotection is likely partially attributed to indirect actions on peripheral tissues other than the heart. Because insulin increases glucose oxidation, whereas glucagon increases fatty acid oxidation in the heart, GLP-1R agonist-induced increases and decreases in insulin and glucagon secretion, respectively, may modify cardiac energy metabolism in T2D patients. This may represent a potential mechanism for GLP-1R agonist-induced cardioprotection in T2D, as increases in fatty acid oxidation and decreases in glucose oxidation are frequently observed in the hearts of animals and human subjects with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al Batran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Malak Almutairi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.
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318
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Hezaveh S, Zeng AP, Jandt U. Full Enzyme Complex Simulation: Interactions in Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:362-369. [PMID: 29298056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a large macromolecular machine consisting of dozens of interacting enzymes that are connected and regulated by highly flexible domains, also called swinging arms. The overall structure and function of these domains and how they organize the complex function have not been elucidated in detail to date. This lack of structural and dynamic understanding is frequently observed in multidomain enzymatic complexes. Here we present the first full and dynamic structural model of full human PDC (hPDC), including binding of the linking arms to the surrounding E1 and E3 enzymes via their binding domains with variable stoichiometries. All of the linking domains were modeled at atomistic and coarse-grained levels, and the latter was parametrized to reproduce the same properties of those from the atomistic model. The radii of gyration of the wild-type full complex and functional trimeric subunits were in agreement with available experimental data. Furthermore, the E1 and E3 population effect on the overall structure of the full complex was studied. The results indicated that decreasing the number of E1s increases the flexibility of the now nonoccupied arms. Furthermore, their flexibility depends on the presence of other E1s and E3s in the vicinity, even if they are associated with other arms. As one consequence, the radius of gyration decreases with decreasing number of E1s. This effect also provides an indication of the optimal configuration of E1 and E3 on the basis of the assumption that a certain stability of the enymatic cloud is necessary to avoid free metabolic diffusion of intermediates (metabolic channeling). Our approach and results open a window for future enzyme engineering in a more effective way by evaluating the effect of different linker arm lengths, flexibilities, and combinations of mutations on the activity of other complex enzymes that involve flexible domains, including for example processive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Hezaveh
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology , Denickestr. 15, 21071 Hamburg, Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology , Denickestr. 15, 21071 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Jandt
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology , Denickestr. 15, 21071 Hamburg, Germany
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319
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Metabolic Alterations in Cancer Cells and the Emerging Role of Oncometabolites as Drivers of Neoplastic Change. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7010016. [PMID: 29342092 PMCID: PMC5789326 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an important organelle and provides energy for a plethora of intracellular reactions. Metabolic dysregulation has dire consequences for the cell, and alteration in metabolism has been identified in multiple disease states—cancer being one. Otto Warburg demonstrated that cancer cells, in the presence of oxygen, undergo glycolysis by reprogramming their metabolism—termed “aerobic glycolysis”. Alterations in metabolism enable cancer cells to gain a growth advantage by obtaining precursors for macromolecule biosynthesis, such as nucleic acids and lipids. To date, several molecules, termed “oncometabolites”, have been identified to be elevated in cancer cells and arise from mutations in nuclear encoded mitochondrial enzymes. Furthermore, there is evidence that oncometabolites can affect mitochondrial dynamics. It is believed that oncometabolites can assist in reprogramming enzymatic pathways and providing cancer cells with selective advantages. In this review, we will touch upon the effects of normal and aberrant mitochondrial metabolism in normal and cancer cells, the advantages of metabolic reprogramming, effects of oncometabolites on metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics and therapies aimed at targeting oncometabolites and metabolic aberrations.
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320
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Ren L, Sun Y, Lu H, Ye D, Han L, Wang N, Daugherty A, Li F, Wang M, Su F, Tao W, Sun J, Zelcer N, Mullick AE, Danser AHJ, Jiang Y, He Y, Ruan X, Lu X. (Pro)renin Receptor Inhibition Reprograms Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Protects Mice From Diet-Induced Obesity and Hepatosteatosis. Circ Res 2018; 122:730-741. [PMID: 29301853 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE An elevated level of plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, we reported that the (pro)renin receptor ([P]RR) regulates LDL metabolism in vitro via the LDLR (LDL receptor) and SORT1 (sortilin-1), independently of the renin-angiotensin system. OBJECTIVES To investigate the physiological role of (P)RR in lipid metabolism in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We used N-acetylgalactosamine modified antisense oligonucleotides to specifically inhibit hepatic (P)RR expression in C57BL/6 mice and studied the consequences this has on lipid metabolism. In line with our earlier report, hepatic (P)RR silencing increased plasma LDL-C (LDL cholesterol). Unexpectedly, this also resulted in markedly reduced plasma triglycerides in a SORT1-independent manner in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal- or high-fat diet. In LDLR-deficient mice, hepatic (P)RR inhibition reduced both plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, in a diet-independent manner. Mechanistically, we found that (P)RR inhibition decreased protein abundance of ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase). This alteration reprograms hepatic metabolism, leading to reduced lipid synthesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. As a result, hepatic (P)RR inhibition attenuated diet-induced obesity and hepatosteatosis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study suggests that (P)RR plays a key role in energy homeostasis and regulation of plasma lipids by integrating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ren
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Hong Lu
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Dien Ye
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Lijuan Han
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Na Wang
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Furong Li
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Fengting Su
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Wenjun Tao
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Jie Sun
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Noam Zelcer
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Adam E Mullick
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Yongcheng He
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.).
| | - Xifeng Lu
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.).
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321
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Maldonado MR, Bracht L, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Corrêa RCG, Comar JF, Peralta RM, Bracht A. Actions of p-synephrine on hepatic enzyme activities linked to carbohydrate metabolism and ATP levels in vivo and in the perfused rat liver. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 36:4-12. [PMID: 29270996 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p-Synephrine is one of the main active components of the fruit of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange). Extracts of the bitter orange and other preparations containing p-synephrine have been used worldwide to promote weight loss and for sports performance. The purpose of the study was to measure the action of p-synephrine on hepatic enzyme activities linked to carbohydrate and energy metabolism and the levels of adenine mononucleotides. Enzymes and adenine mononucleotides were measured in the isolated perfused rat liver and in vivo after oral administration of the drug (50 and 300 mg/kg) by using standard techniques. p-Synephrine increased the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in vivo and in the perfused liver. It decreased, however, the activities of pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase also in vivo and in the perfused liver. p-Synephrine increased the hepatic pools of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate. Stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase is consistent with the reported increased glycogenolysis in the perfused liver and increased glycemia in rats. The decrease in the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity indicates that p-synephrine is potentially capable of inhibiting the transformation of carbohydrates into lipids. The capability of increasing the adenosine triphosphate-adenosine diphosphate pool indicates a beneficial effect of p-synephrine on the cellular energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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322
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Wang ZY, Liu YY, Liu GH, Lu HB, Mao CY. l-Carnitine and heart disease. Life Sci 2017; 194:88-97. [PMID: 29241711 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a key cause of deaths worldwide, comprising 15-17% of healthcare expenditure in developed countries. Current records estimate an annual global average of 30 million cardiac dysfunction cases, with a predicted escalation by two-three folds for the next 20-30years. Although β-blockers and angiotensin-converting-enzymes are commonly prescribed to control CVD risk, hepatotoxicity and hematological changes are frequent adverse events associated with these drugs. Search for alternatives identified endogenous cofactor l-carnitine, which is capable of promoting mitochondrial β-oxidation towards a balanced cardiac energy metabolism. l-Carnitine facilitates transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, triggering cardioprotective effects through reduced oxidative stress, inflammation and necrosis of cardiac myocytes. Additionally, l-carnitine regulates calcium influx, endothelial integrity, intracellular enzyme release and membrane phospholipid content for sustained cellular homeostasis. Carnitine depletion, characterized by reduced expression of "organic cation transporter-2" gene, is a metabolic and autosomal recessive disorder that also frequently associates with CVD. Hence, exogenous carnitine administration through dietary and intravenous routes serves as a suitable protective strategy against ventricular dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac arrhythmia and toxic myocardial injury that prominently mark CVD. Additionally, carnitine reduces hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity, etc. that enhance cardiovascular pathology. These favorable effects of l-carnitine have been evident in infants, juvenile, young, adult and aged patients of sudden and chronic heart failure as well. This review describes the mechanism of action, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of l-carnitine. It specifically emphasizes upon the beneficial role of l-carnitine in cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying-Yi Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Guo-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hai-Bin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Cui-Ying Mao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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323
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Ussher JR, Lopaschuk GD. Decreased Maternal Cardiac Glucose Oxidation: Taking One for the Fetus. Circ Res 2017; 121:1299-1301. [PMID: 29217705 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Ussher
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta (G.D.L.), Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.R.U.), and Women and Children's Health Research Institute (J.R.U., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta (G.D.L.), Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.R.U.), and Women and Children's Health Research Institute (J.R.U., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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324
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He Y, Gao M, Cao Y, Tang H, Liu S, Tao Y. Nuclear localization of metabolic enzymes in immunity and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:359-371. [PMID: 28757126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is essential to all living organisms that provide cells with energy, regulators, building blocks, enzyme cofactors and signaling molecules, and is in tune with nutritional conditions and the function of cells to make the appropriate developmental decisions or maintain homeostasis. As a fundamental biological process, metabolism state affects the production of multiple metabolites and the activation of various enzymes that participate in regulating gene expression, cell apoptosis, cancer progression and immunoreactions. Previous studies generally focus on the function played by the metabolic enzymes in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion. In this review, we conclude the role of them in the nucleus and their implications for cancer progression, immunity and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Menghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haosheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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325
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Benning FMC, Sakiyama Y, Mazur A, Bukhari HST, Lim RYH, Maier T. High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy Visualization of the Dynamics of the Multienzyme Fatty Acid Synthase. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10852-10859. [PMID: 29023094 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Multienzymes, such as the protein metazoan fatty acid synthase (FAS), are giant and highly dynamic molecular machines for critical biosynthetic processes. The molecular architecture of FAS was elucidated by static high-resolution crystallographic analysis, while electron microscopy revealed large-scale conformational variability in FAS with some correlation to functional states in catalysis. However, little is known about time scales of conformational dynamics, the trajectory of motions in individual FAS molecules, and the extent of coupling between catalysis and structural changes. Here, we present an experimental single-molecule approach to film immobilized or selectively tethered FAS in solution at different viewing angles and high spatiotemporal resolution using high-speed atomic force microscopy. Mobility of individual regions of the multienzyme is recognized in video sequences, and correlation of shape features implies a convergence of temporal resolution and velocity of FAS dynamics. Conformational variety can be identified and grouped by reference-free 2D class averaging, enabling the tracking of conformational transitions in movies. The approach presented here is suited for comprehensive studies of the dynamics of FAS and other multienzymes in aqueous solution at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M C Benning
- Biozentrum, ‡Swiss Nanoscience Institute, and §Research IT, Biozentrum, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yusuke Sakiyama
- Biozentrum, ‡Swiss Nanoscience Institute, and §Research IT, Biozentrum, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Mazur
- Biozentrum, ‡Swiss Nanoscience Institute, and §Research IT, Biozentrum, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Habib S T Bukhari
- Biozentrum, ‡Swiss Nanoscience Institute, and §Research IT, Biozentrum, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roderick Y H Lim
- Biozentrum, ‡Swiss Nanoscience Institute, and §Research IT, Biozentrum, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Maier
- Biozentrum, ‡Swiss Nanoscience Institute, and §Research IT, Biozentrum, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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326
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Colpa DI, Lončar N, Schmidt M, Fraaije MW. Creating Oxidase-Peroxidase Fusion Enzymes as a Toolbox for Cascade Reactions. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2226-2230. [PMID: 28885767 PMCID: PMC5708271 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A set of bifunctional oxidase-peroxidases has been prepared by fusing four distinct oxidases to a peroxidase. Although such fusion enzymes have not been observed in nature, they could be expressed and purified in good yields. Characterization revealed that the artificial enzymes retained the capability to bind the two required cofactors and were catalytically active as oxidase and peroxidase. Peroxidase fusions of alditol oxidase and chitooligosaccharide oxidase could be used for the selective detection of xylitol and cellobiose with a detection limit in the low-micromolar range. The peroxidase fusions of eugenol oxidase and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase could be used for dioxygen-driven, one-pot, two-step cascade reactions to convert vanillyl alcohol into divanillin and eugenol into lignin oligomers. The designed oxidase-peroxidase fusions represent attractive biocatalysts that allow efficient biocatalytic cascade oxidations that only require molecular oxygen as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana I. Colpa
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Nikola Lončar
- Groningen Enzyme and Cofactor Collection (GECCO)University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mareike Schmidt
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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327
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Avenarius MR, Krey JF, Dumont RA, Morgan CP, Benson CB, Vijayakumar S, Cunningham CL, Scheffer DI, Corey DP, Müller U, Jones SM, Barr-Gillespie PG. Heterodimeric capping protein is required for stereocilia length and width regulation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3861-3881. [PMID: 28899994 PMCID: PMC5674897 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of the dimensions of actin-rich processes like filopodia, lamellipodia, microvilli, and stereocilia requires the coordinated activity of many proteins. Each of these actin structures relies on heterodimeric capping protein (CAPZ), which blocks actin polymerization at barbed ends. Because dimension control of the inner ear's stereocilia is particularly precise, we studied the CAPZB subunit in hair cells. CAPZB, present at ∼100 copies per stereocilium, concentrated at stereocilia tips as hair cell development progressed, similar to the CAPZB-interacting protein TWF2. We deleted Capzb specifically in hair cells using Atoh1-Cre, which eliminated auditory and vestibular function. Capzb-null stereocilia initially developed normally but later shortened and disappeared; surprisingly, stereocilia width decreased concomitantly with length. CAPZB2 expressed by in utero electroporation prevented normal elongation of vestibular stereocilia and irregularly widened them. Together, these results suggest that capping protein participates in stereocilia widening by preventing newly elongating actin filaments from depolymerizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Avenarius
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jocelyn F. Krey
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Rachel A. Dumont
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Clive P. Morgan
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Connor B. Benson
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Sarath Vijayakumar
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - David P. Corey
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sherri M. Jones
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Peter G. Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR,Correspondence to Peter G. Barr-Gillespie:
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328
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Hermann R, Mestre Cordero VE, Fernández Pazos MDLM, Reznik FJ, Vélez DE, Savino EA, Marina Prendes MG, Varela A. Differential effects of AMP-activated protein kinase in isolated rat atria subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion depending on the energetic substrates available. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:367-383. [PMID: 29032506 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine-threonine kinase that functions primarily as a metabolic sensor to coordinate anabolic and catabolic processes in the cell, via phosphorylation of multiple proteins involved in metabolic pathways, aimed to re-establish energy homeostasis at a cell-autonomous level. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion represents a metabolic stress situation for myocytes. Whether AMPK plays a critical role in the metabolic and functional responses involved in these conditions remains uncertain. In this study, in order to gain a deeper insight into the role of endogenous AMPK activation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, we explored the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of AMPK on contractile function rat, contractile reserve, tissue lactate production, tissue ATP content, and cellular viability. For this aim, isolated atria subjected to simulated 75 min ischemia-75 min reperfusion (Is-Rs) in the presence or absence of the pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK (compound C) were used. Since in most clinical situations of ischemia-reperfusion the heart is exposed to high levels of fatty acids, the influence of palmitate present in the incubation medium was also investigated. The present results suggest that AMPK activity significantly increases during Is, remaining activated during Rs. The results support that intrinsic activation of AMPK has functional protective effects in the reperfused atria when glucose is the only available energetic substrate whereas it is deleterious when palmitate is also available. Cellular viability was not affected by either of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Hermann
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Junín, 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Victoria Evangelina Mestre Cordero
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Junín, 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de Las Mercedes Fernández Pazos
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Junín, 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Joaquín Reznik
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Junín, 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Débora Elisabet Vélez
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Junín, 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Alberto Savino
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Junín, 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Marina Prendes
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Junín, 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Varela
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Junín, 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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329
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Hughes ER, Winter MG, Duerkop BA, Spiga L, Furtado de Carvalho T, Zhu W, Gillis CC, Büttner L, Smoot MP, Behrendt CL, Cherry S, Santos RL, Hooper LV, Winter SE. Microbial Respiration and Formate Oxidation as Metabolic Signatures of Inflammation-Associated Dysbiosis. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:208-219. [PMID: 28182951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is frequently associated with an alteration of the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, which is characterized by a reduced abundance of obligate anaerobic bacteria and an expansion of facultative Proteobacteria such as commensal E. coli. The mechanisms enabling the outgrowth of Proteobacteria during inflammation are incompletely understood. Metagenomic sequencing revealed bacterial formate oxidation and aerobic respiration to be overrepresented metabolic pathways in a chemically induced murine model of colitis. Dysbiosis was accompanied by increased formate levels in the gut lumen. Formate was of microbial origin since no formate was detected in germ-free mice. Complementary studies using commensal E. coli strains as model organisms indicated that formate dehydrogenase and terminal oxidase genes provided a fitness advantage in murine models of colitis. In vivo, formate served as electron donor in conjunction with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. This work identifies bacterial formate oxidation and oxygen respiration as metabolic signatures for inflammation-associated dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria G Winter
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Breck A Duerkop
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luisella Spiga
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatiane Furtado de Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270 Brazil
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Caroline C Gillis
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lisa Büttner
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Madeline P Smoot
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cassie L Behrendt
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270 Brazil
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sebastian E Winter
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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330
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the First Sequenced Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae Strain M1601. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:2899-2906. [PMID: 28754725 PMCID: PMC5592918 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is a common pathogen of goats that causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. We closed the gap and corrected rRNA operons in the draft genome of Mccp M1601: a strain isolated from an infected goat in a farm in Gansu, China. The genome size of M1601 is 1,016,707 bp with a GC content of 23.67%. We identified 915 genes (occupying 90.27% of the genome), of which 713 are protein-coding genes (excluding 163 pseudogenes). No genomic islands and complete insertion sequences were found in the genome. Putative determinants associated with the organism’s virulence were analyzed, and 26 genes (including one adhesion protein gene, two capsule synthesis gene clusters, two lipoproteins, hemolysin A, ClpB, and proteins involved in pyruvate metabolism and cation transport) were potential virulence factors. In addition, two transporter systems (ATP-binding cassette [ABC] transporters and phosphotransferase) and two secretion systems (Sec and signal recognition particle [SRP] pathways) were observed in the Mccp genome. Genome synteny analysis reveals a good collinear relationship between M1601 and Mccp type strain F38. Phylogenetic analysis based on 11 single-copy core genes of 31 Mycoplasma strains revealed good collinearity between M1601 and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc) and close relationship among Mycoplasma mycoides cluster strains. Our genome-wide analysis of Mccp M1601 provides helpful information on the pathogenic mechanisms and genetics of Mccp.
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331
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Compulsive methamphetamine taking in the presence of punishment is associated with increased oxytocin expression in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8331. [PMID: 28827541 PMCID: PMC5566486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine addiction is mimicked in rats that self-administer the drug. However, these self-administration (SA) models do not include adverse consequences that are necessary to reach a diagnosis of addiction in humans. Herein, we measured genome-wide transcriptional consequences of methamphetamine SA and footshocks in the rat brain. We trained rats to self-administer methamphetamine for 20 days. Thereafter, lever-presses for methamphetamine were punished by mild footshocks for 5 days. Response-contingent punishment significantly reduced methamphetamine taking in some rats (shock-sensitive, SS) but not in others (shock-resistant, SR). Rats also underwent extinction test at one day and 30 days after the last shock session. Rats were euthanized one day after the second extinction test and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum were collected to measure gene expression with microarray analysis. In the NAc, there were changes in the expression of 13 genes in the SRvsControl and 9 genes in the SRvsSS comparison. In the striatum, there were 9 (6 up, 3 down) affected genes in the SRvsSS comparison. Among the upregulated genes was oxytocin in the NAc and CARTpt in the striatum of SR rats. These observations support a regional role of neuropeptides in the brain after a long withdrawal interval when animals show incubation of methamphetamine craving.
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332
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Xu X, Wang C, Chen J, Yang S. Streptomyces virginiae PPDC Is a New Type of Phenylpyruvate Decarboxylase Composed of Two Subunits. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2008-2014. [PMID: 28719183 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces virginiae phenylpyruvate decarboxylase (PPDC) has not been identified before. Two putative branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase subunit genes bkdC and bkdD from S. virginiae are similar to halves of other PPDC coding sequences. We cloned and characterized them biochemically in this work. The two proteins formed a stable complex attested by pull-down assay, consistent with the finding that their soluble expression was obtained only when they were coexpressed in Escherichia coli. The subunits were redesignated as SvPPDCα and SvPPDCβ, because the SvPPDCα/β complex catalyzed the conversion of phenylpyruvate to phenylacetaldehyde, reflecting the nature of the enzyme. Moreover, mutations of conserved residues in either of the two subunits led to inactivation or decreased specific activity of the enzymatic reaction. All previously identified PPDCs are encoded by a single gene. Here, we identified a new type of PPDC that contains two subunits, which gives new insights into the PPDC family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | | | - Sheng Yang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing 210009, China
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333
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Fagernes CE, Stensløkken KO, Røhr ÅK, Berenbrink M, Ellefsen S, Nilsson GE. Extreme anoxia tolerance in crucian carp and goldfish through neofunctionalization of duplicated genes creating a new ethanol-producing pyruvate decarboxylase pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7884. [PMID: 28801642 PMCID: PMC5554223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Without oxygen, most vertebrates die within minutes as they cannot meet cellular energy demands with anaerobic metabolism. However, fish of the genus Carassius (crucian carp and goldfish) have evolved a specialized metabolic system that allows them to survive prolonged periods without oxygen by producing ethanol as their metabolic end-product. Here we show that this has been made possible by the evolution of a pyruvate decarboxylase, analogous to that in brewer's yeast and the first described in vertebrates, in addition to a specialized alcohol dehydrogenase. Whole-genome duplication events have provided additional gene copies of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex that have evolved into a pyruvate decarboxylase, while other copies retained the essential function of the parent enzymes. We reveal the key molecular substitution in duplicated pyruvate dehydrogenase genes that underpins one of the most extreme hypoxic survival strategies among vertebrates and that is highly deleterious in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0372, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsmund K Røhr
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Berenbrink
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- The Lillehammer Research Center for Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2604, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Göran E Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
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334
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Nichols M, Elustondo PA, Warford J, Thirumaran A, Pavlov EV, Robertson GS. Global ablation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter increases glycolysis in cortical neurons subjected to energetic stressors. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3027-3041. [PMID: 27909264 PMCID: PMC5536808 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16682250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of global mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uniporter (MCU) deficiency on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, neuronal Ca2+ handling, bioenergetics and hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) were examined. Forebrain mitochondria isolated from global MCU nulls displayed markedly reduced Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-induced opening of the membrane permeability transition pore. Despite evidence that these effects should be neuroprotective, global MCU nulls and wild-type (WT) mice suffered comparable HI brain damage. Energetic stress enhanced glycolysis and depressed Complex I activity in global MCU null, relative to WT, cortical neurons. HI reduced forebrain NADH levels more in global MCU nulls than WT mice suggesting that increased glycolytic consumption of NADH suppressed Complex I activity. Compared to WT neurons, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was hyper-phosphorylated in MCU nulls at several sites that lower the supply of substrates for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ with glutamate or ionomycin decreased PDH phosphorylation in MCU null neurons suggesting the use of alternative mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. Under basal conditions, global MCU nulls showed similar increases of Ca2+ handling genes in the hippocampus as WT mice subjected to HPC. We propose that long-term adaptations, common to HPC, in global MCU nulls compromise resistance to HI brain injury and disrupt HPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nichols
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Pia A Elustondo
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jordan Warford
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Aruloli Thirumaran
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- 4 Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,5 Department of Psychiatry, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Canada
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335
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Gopal K, Saleme B, Al Batran R, Aburasayn H, Eshreif A, Ho KL, Ma WK, Almutairi M, Eaton F, Gandhi M, Park EA, Sutendra G, Ussher JR. FoxO1 regulates myocardial glucose oxidation rates via transcriptional control of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H479-H490. [PMID: 28687587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00191.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme for glucose oxidation and a critical regulator of metabolic flexibility during the fasting to feeding transition. PDH is regulated via both PDH kinases (PDHK) and PDH phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate PDH, respectively. Our goal was to determine whether the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) regulates PDH activity and glucose oxidation in the heart via increasing the expression of Pdk4, the gene encoding PDHK4. To address this question, we differentiated H9c2 myoblasts into cardiac myocytes and modulated FoxO1 activity, after which Pdk4/PDHK4 expression and PDH phosphorylation/activity were assessed. We assessed binding of FoxO1 to the Pdk4 promoter in cardiac myocytes in conjunction with measuring the role of FoxO1 on glucose oxidation in the isolated working heart. Both pharmacological (1 µM AS1842856) and genetic (siRNA mediated) inhibition of FoxO1 decreased Pdk4/PDHK4 expression and subsequent PDH phosphorylation in H9c2 cardiac myocytes, whereas 10 µM dexamethasone-induced Pdk4/PDHK4 expression was abolished via pretreatment with 1 µM AS1842856. Furthermore, transfection of H9c2 cardiac myocytes with a vector expressing FoxO1 increased luciferase activity driven by a Pdk4 promoter construct containing the FoxO1 DNA-binding element region, but not in a Pdk4 promoter construct lacking this region. Finally, AS1842856 treatment in fasted mice enhanced glucose oxidation rates during aerobic isolated working heart perfusions. Taken together, FoxO1 directly regulates Pdk4 transcription in the heart, thereby controlling PDH activity and subsequent glucose oxidation rates.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although studies have shown an association between FoxO1 activity and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression, our study demonstrated that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 is a direct transcriptional target of FoxO1 (but not FoxO3/FoxO4) in the heart. Furthermore, we report here, for the first time, that FoxO1 inhibition increases glucose oxidation in the isolated working mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruno Saleme
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hanin Aburasayn
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amina Eshreif
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wayne K Ma
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Malak Almutairi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manoj Gandhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; .,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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336
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Abstract
The organization of metabolic multienzyme complexes has been hypothesized to benefit metabolic processes and provide a coordinated way for the cell to regulate metabolism. Historically, their existence has been supported by various in vitro techniques. However, it is only recently that the existence of metabolic complexes inside living cells has come to light to corroborate this long-standing hypothesis. Indeed, subcellular compartmentalization of metabolic enzymes appears to be widespread and highly regulated. On the other hand, it is still challenging to demonstrate the functional significance of these enzyme complexes in the context of the cellular milieu. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of metabolic enzyme complexes by primarily focusing on central carbon metabolism and closely associated metabolic pathways in a variety of organisms, as well as their regulation and functional contributions to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Songon An
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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337
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Dicumarol inhibits PDK1 and targets multiple malignant behaviors of ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179672. [PMID: 28617852 PMCID: PMC5472302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and thus is a promising anticancer therapeutic target. Our previous work suggests that coumarin compounds are potential inhibitors of PDKs. In this study, we used the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 as the model system and examined whether dicumarol (DIC), a coumarin compound, could inhibit ovarian cancer through targeting PDK1. We showed that DIC potently inhibited the kinase activity of PDK1, shifted the glucose metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, generated a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), attenuated the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induced apoptosis, and reduced cell viability in vitro. The same phenotypes induced by DIC also were translated in vivo, leading to significant suppression of xenograft growth. This study not only identifies a novel inhibitor for PDK1, but it also reveals novel anticancer mechanisms of DIC and provides a promising anticancer therapy that targets the Warburg effect.
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338
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Dendoncker K, Libert C. Glucocorticoid resistance as a major drive in sepsis pathology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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339
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Metabolic regulation of hematopoietic and leukemic stem/progenitor cells under homeostatic and stress conditions. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:18-26. [PMID: 28540498 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibit multilineage differentiation and self-renewal activities that maintain the entire hematopoietic system during an organism's lifetime. These abilities are sustained by intrinsic transcriptional programs and extrinsic cues from the microenvironment or niche. Recent studies using metabolomics technologies reveal that metabolic regulation plays an essential role in HSC maintenance. Metabolic pathways provide energy and building blocks for other factors functioning at steady state and in stress. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of metabolic regulation in HSCs relevant to cell cycle quiescence, symmetric/asymmetric division, and proliferation following stress and lineage commitment, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting metabolic factors or pathways to treat hematological malignancies.
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340
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Han L, Shen WJ, Bittner S, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. PPARs: regulators of metabolism and as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Part I: PPAR-α. Future Cardiol 2017; 13:259-278. [PMID: 28581332 PMCID: PMC5941715 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review about the molecular and metabolic actions of PPAR-α. It describes its structural features, ligand specificity, gene transcription mechanisms, functional characteristics and target genes. In addition, recent progress with the use of loss of function and gain of function mouse models in the discovery of diverse biological functions of PPAR-α, particularly in the vascular system and the status of the development of new single, dual, pan and partial PPAR agonists (PPAR modulators) in the clinical management of metabolic diseases are presented. This review also summarizes the clinical outcomes from a large number of clinical trials aimed at evaluating the atheroprotective actions of current clinically used PPAR-α agonists, fibrates and statin-fibrate combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stefanie Bittner
- Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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341
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Jia X, Hu M, Deng Z, Xu Y, Liu T. In Vitro Reconstitution and Optimization of the Entire Pathway to Convert Glucose into Fatty Acid. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:701-709. [PMID: 28080041 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and fatty acids play essential physiological roles in nearly all living organisms, and the pathway that converts glucose into fatty acid is pivotal to the central metabolic network. We have successfully reconstituted a pathway that converts glucose to fatty acid in vitro using 30 purified proteins. Through systematic titration and optimization of the glycolytic pathway and pyruvate dehydrogenase, we increased the yield of free fatty acid from nondetectable to a level that exceeded 9% of the theoretical yield. We also reconstituted the entire pentose-phosphate pathway of Escherichia coli and established a pentose phosphate-glycolysis hybrid pathway, replacing GAPDH to enhance NADPH availability. Our efforts provide a useful platform for research involving these core biochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department
of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoge Jia
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mengzhu Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department
of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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342
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Wang SZ, Zhang YH, Ren H, Wang YL, Jiang W, Fang BS. Strategies and perspectives of assembling multi-enzyme systems. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:1024-1037. [PMID: 28423958 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1303803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Multi-enzyme complexes have the potential to achieve high catalytic efficiency for sequence reactions due to their advantages in eliminating product inhibition, facilitating intermediate transfer and in situ regenerating cofactors. Constructing functional multi-enzyme systems to mimic natural multi-enzyme complexes is of great interest for multi-enzymatic biosynthesis and cell-free synthetic biotransformation, but with many challenges. Currently, various assembly strategies have been developed based on the interaction of biomacromolecules such as DNA, peptide and scaffolding protein. On the other hand, chemical-induced assembly is based on the affinity of enzymes with small molecules including inhibitors, cofactors and metal ions has the advantage of simplicity, site-to-site oriented structure control and economy. This review summarizes advances and progresses employing these strategies. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives in designing multi-enzyme systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhen Wang
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China.,b The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China.,c State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Hong Ren
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Wei Jiang
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Bai-Shan Fang
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China.,b The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China.,d The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
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343
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Afzal M, Kuipers OP, Shafeeq S. Niacin-mediated Gene Expression and Role of NiaR as a Transcriptional Repressor of niaX, nadC, and pnuC in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:70. [PMID: 28337428 PMCID: PMC5343564 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) biosynthesis is vital for bacterial physiology and plays an important role in cellular metabolism. A naturally occurring vitamin B complex, niacin (nicotinic acid), is a precursor of coenzymes NAD and NADP. Here, we study the impact of niacin on global gene expression of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 and elucidate the role of NiaR as a transcriptional regulator of niaX, nadC, and pnuC. Transcriptome comparison of the D39 wild-type grown in chemically defined medium (CDM) with 0 to 10 mM niacin revealed elevated expression of various genes, including niaX, nadC, pnuC, fba, rex, gapN, pncB, gap, adhE, and adhB2 that are putatively involved in the transport and utilization of niacin. Niacin-dependent expression of these genes is confirmed by promoter lacZ-fusion studies. Moreover, the role of transcriptional regulator NiaR in the regulation of these genes is explored by DNA microarray analysis. Our transcriptomic comparison of D39 ΔniaR to D39 wild-type revealed that the transcriptional regulator NiaR acts as a transcriptional repressor of niaX, pnuC, and nadC. NiaR-dependent regulation of niaX, nadC, and pnuC is further confirmed by promoter lacZ-fusion studies. The putative operator site of NiaR (5′-TACWRGTGTMTWKACASYTRWAW-3′) in the promoter regions of niaX, nadC, and pnuC is predicted and further confirmed by promoter mutational experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College UniversityFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sulman Shafeeq
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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344
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Takenaka M, Yoon KS, Matsumoto T, Ogo S. Acetyl-CoA production by encapsulated pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase in alginate hydrogels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:279-285. [PMID: 28040649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Citrobacter sp. S-77 (PFORS77) was purified in order to develop a method for acetyl-CoA production. Although the purified PFORS77 showed high O2-sensitivity, the activity could be remarkably stabilized in anaerobic conditions. PFORS77 was effectively immobilized on ceramic hydroxyapatite (PFORS77-HA) with an efficiency of more than 96%, however, after encapsulation of PFORS77-HA in alginate, the rate of catalytic acetyl-CoA production was highly reduced to 36% when compared to that of the free enzyme. However, the operational stability of the PFORS77-HA in alginate hydrogels was remarkable, retaining over 68% initial activity even after ten repeated cycles. The results suggested that the PFORS77-HA hydrogels have a high potential for biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takenaka
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I(2)CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ki-Seok Yoon
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I(2)CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Centre for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I(2)CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Centre for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Seiji Ogo
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I(2)CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Centre for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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345
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Dayan A, Babin G, Ganoth A, Kayouf NS, Nitoker Eliaz N, Mukkala S, Tsfadia Y, Fleminger G. The involvement of coordinative interactions in the binding of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase to titanium dioxide-Localization of a putative binding site. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Dayan
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Gilad Babin
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Assaf Ganoth
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Nivin Samir Kayouf
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Neta Nitoker Eliaz
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Srijana Mukkala
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Yossi Tsfadia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Gideon Fleminger
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
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346
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Franchi L, Monteleone I, Hao LY, Spahr MA, Zhao W, Liu X, Demock K, Kulkarni A, Lesch CA, Sanchez B, Carter L, Marafini I, Hu X, Mashadova O, Yuan M, Asara JM, Singh H, Lyssiotis CA, Monteleone G, Opipari AW, Glick GD. Inhibiting Oxidative Phosphorylation In Vivo Restrains Th17 Effector Responses and Ameliorates Murine Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2735-2746. [PMID: 28242647 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Integration of signaling and metabolic pathways enables and sustains lymphocyte function. Whereas metabolic changes occurring during T cell activation are well characterized, the metabolic demands of differentiated T lymphocytes are largely unexplored. In this study, we defined the bioenergetics of Th17 effector cells generated in vivo. These cells depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy and cytokine production. Mechanistically, the essential role of OXPHOS in Th17 cells results from their limited capacity to increase glycolysis in response to metabolic stresses. This metabolic program is observed in mouse and human Th17 cells, including those isolated from Crohn disease patients, and it is linked to disease, as inhibiting OXPHOS reduces the severity of murine colitis and psoriasis. These studies highlight the importance of analyzing metabolism in effector lymphocytes within in vivo inflammatory contexts and suggest a therapeutic role for manipulating OXPHOS in Th17-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Franchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ivan Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Wenpu Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xikui Liu
- Lycera Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Xiao Hu
- Lycera Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Oksana Mashadova
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Min Yuan
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Harinder Singh
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anthony W Opipari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109; and
| | - Gary D Glick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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347
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Kara B, Genç HM, Uyur-Yalçın E, Sakarya-Güneş A, Topçu U, Mülayim S, Ceylaner S. Pyruvate dehydrogenase-E1α deficiency presenting as recurrent acute proximal muscle weakness of upper and lower extremities in an 8-year-old boy. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:94-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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348
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Fluge Ø, Mella O, Bruland O, Risa K, Dyrstad SE, Alme K, Rekeland IG, Sapkota D, Røsland GV, Fosså A, Ktoridou-Valen I, Lunde S, Sørland K, Lien K, Herder I, Thürmer H, Gotaas ME, Baranowska KA, Bohnen LM, Schäfer C, McCann A, Sommerfelt K, Helgeland L, Ueland PM, Dahl O, Tronstad KJ. Metabolic profiling indicates impaired pyruvate dehydrogenase function in myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e89376. [PMID: 28018972 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease of unknown etiology, with hallmark symptoms including postexertional malaise and poor recovery. Metabolic dysfunction is a plausible contributing factor. We hypothesized that changes in serum amino acids may disclose specific defects in energy metabolism in ME/CFS. Analysis in 200 ME/CFS patients and 102 healthy individuals showed a specific reduction of amino acids that fuel oxidative metabolism via the TCA cycle, mainly in female ME/CFS patients. Serum 3-methylhistidine, a marker of endogenous protein catabolism, was significantly increased in male patients. The amino acid pattern suggested functional impairment of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), supported by increased mRNA expression of the inhibitory PDH kinases 1, 2, and 4; sirtuin 4; and PPARδ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both sexes. Myoblasts grown in presence of serum from patients with severe ME/CFS showed metabolic adaptations, including increased mitochondrial respiration and excessive lactate secretion. The amino acid changes could not be explained by symptom severity, disease duration, age, BMI, or physical activity level among patients. These findings are in agreement with the clinical disease presentation of ME/CFS, with inadequate ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation and excessive lactate generation upon exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Fluge
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Mella
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Risa
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kine Alme
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid G Rekeland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro V Røsland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Fosså
- Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irini Ktoridou-Valen
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrid Lunde
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Sørland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katarina Lien
- CFS/ME Center, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Herder
- CFS/ME Center, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Thürmer
- Telemark Hospital, Department of Medicine, Notodden, Norway
| | - Merete E Gotaas
- Department of Pain and Complex Disorders, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Louis Mlj Bohnen
- Division of Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christoph Schäfer
- Division of Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Lars Helgeland
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bevital AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl J Tronstad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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349
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Sharkia I, Hadad Erlich T, Landolina N, Assayag M, Motzik A, Rachmin I, Kay G, Porat Z, Tshori S, Berkman N, Levi-Schaffer F, Razin E. Pyruvate dehydrogenase has a major role in mast cell function, and its activity is regulated by mitochondrial microphthalmia transcription factor. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 140:204-214.e8. [PMID: 27871875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently observed that oxidative phosphorylation-mediated ATP production is essential for mast cell function. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the main regulator of the Krebs cycle and is located upstream of the electron transport chain. However, the role of PDH in mast cell function has not been described. Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) regulates the development, number, and function of mast cells. Localization of MITF to the mitochondria and its interaction with mitochondrial proteins has not been explored. OBJECTIVE We sought to explore the role played by PDH in mast cell exocytosis and to determine whether MITF is localized in the mitochondria and involved in regulation of PDH activity. METHODS Experiments were performed in vitro by using human and mouse mast cells, as well as rat basophil leukemia cells, and in vivo in mice. The effect of PDH inhibition on mast cell function was examined. PDH interaction with MITF was measured before and after immunologic activation. Furthermore, mitochondrial localization of MITF and its effect on PDH activity were determined. RESULTS PDH is essential for immunologically mediated degranulation of mast cells. After activation, PDH is serine dephosphorylated. In addition, for the first time, we show that MITF is partially located in the mitochondria and interacts with PDH. This interaction is dependent on the phosphorylation state of PDH. Furthermore, mitochondrial MITF regulates PDH activity. CONCLUSION The association of mitochondrial MITF with PDH emerges as an important regulator of mast cell function. Our findings indicate that PDH could arise as a new target for the manipulation of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Sharkia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Hadad Erlich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miri Assayag
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Motzik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Rachmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gillian Kay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Biological Services Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sagi Tshori
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neville Berkman
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Razin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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350
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Sayed MA, Umekawa Y, Ito K. Metabolic interplay between cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and mitochondrial alternative oxidase in thermogenic skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1247138. [PMID: 27739913 PMCID: PMC5157899 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1247138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius) blooms in early spring and its inflorescence, referred to as the spadix, can produce enough heat to melt snow. Here, we investigated glycolytic carbon flow at the PEP branch-point in thermogenic spadices. Our analyses revealed that petals and pistils in thermogenic florets exhibited higher expression of SrPEPC and SrAOX transcripts than those of SrPK, SrPEPCK, and SrPEPtase. Moreover, enzymatic analyses showed high activities of PEPC in the extracts from thermogenic florets. Finally, mitochondria from thermogenic florets showed low respiratory activities when pyruvate was used as a substrate, although a significant malate-mediated cyanide-insensitive respiration was observed. Collectively, these results suggest that PEP metabolism, primarily catabolized by PEPC, plays a critical role in thermogenesis in S. renifolius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abu Sayed
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yui Umekawa
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kikukatsu Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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