301
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Ghidoni R, Squitti R, Siotto M, Benussi L. Innovative Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on the Hidden Disease Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1507-1518. [PMID: 29504534 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The criteria for the clinical diagnosis of AD include the analysis of biomarkers of the underlying brain disease pathology; a set of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42), total-tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), are available and their performance in a clinical setting has been assessed in several studies. Thus, in dementia research, great advances have been made in the discovery of putative biomarkers; however, disappointingly, few of them have been translated into clinically applicable assays. To find biomarkers able to reliably detect AD pathology already at prodromal stages and in blood is even more important. Recent technical breakthroughs have provided ultrasensitive methods that allow the detection of brain-specific proteins in blood. In the present review, we will focus on the usefulness of ultrasensitive technologies for biomarker discovery and trace elements detection; moreover, we will review studies on circulating nano-compartments, a promising novel source of material for molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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302
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Jiang L, Dong H, Cao H, Ji X, Luan S, Liu J. Exosomes in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3329-3335. [PMID: 31056537 PMCID: PMC6515980 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide 1-42 and phosphorylation of tau protein in the brain. Thus far, the transfer mechanism of these cytotoxic proteins between nerve cells remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that nanoscale extracellular vesicles (exosomes) originating from cells may play important roles in this transfer process. In addition, several genetic materials and proteins are also involved in intercellular communication by the secretion of the exosomes. That proposes novel avenues for early diagnosis and biological treatment in AD, based on exosome detection and intervention. In this review, exosome-related pathways of cytotoxic protein intercellular transfer in AD, and the effect of membrane proteins on exosomes targeting cells are first introduced. The advances in exosome-related biomarker detection in AD are summarized. Finally, the advantages and challenges of reducing cytotoxic protein accumulation via exosomal intervention for AD treatment are discussed. It is envisaged that future research in exosomes may well provide new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Huijie Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Siyu Luan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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303
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Brennan S, Keon M, Liu B, Su Z, Saksena NK. Panoramic Visualization of Circulating MicroRNAs Across Neurodegenerative Diseases in Humans. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7380-7407. [PMID: 31037649 PMCID: PMC6815273 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and dementia pose one of the greatest health challenges this century. Although these NDs have been looked at as single entities, the underlying molecular mechanisms have never been collectively visualized to date. With the advent of high-throughput genomic and proteomic technologies, we now have the opportunity to visualize these diseases in a whole new perspective, which will provide a clear understanding of the primary and secondary events vital in achieving the final resolution of these diseases guiding us to new treatment strategies to possibly treat these diseases together. We created a knowledge base of all microRNAs known to be differentially expressed in various body fluids of ND patients. We then used several bioinformatic methods to understand the functional intersections and differences between AD, PD, ALS, and MS. These results provide a unique panoramic view of possible functional intersections between AD, PD, MS, and ALS at the level of microRNA and their cognate genes and pathways, along with the entities that unify and separate them. While the microRNA signatures were apparent for each ND, the unique observation in our study was that hsa-miR-30b-5p overlapped between all four NDS, and has significant functional roles described across NDs. Furthermore, our results also show the evidence of functional convergence of miRNAs which was associated with the regulation of their cognate genes represented in pathways that included fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, ECM receptor interactions, prion diseases, and several signaling pathways critical to neuron differentiation and survival, underpinning their relevance in NDs. Envisioning this group of NDs together has allowed us to propose new ways of utilizing circulating miRNAs as biomarkers and in visualizing diverse NDs more holistically . The critical molecular insights gained through the discovery of ND-associated miRNAs, overlapping miRNAs, and the functional convergence of microRNAs on vital pathways strongly implicated in neurodegenerative processes can prove immensely valuable in the identifying new generation of biomarkers, along with the development of miRNAs into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Brennan
- Neurodegenerative Disease section, Iggy Get Out, 19a Boundary Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Keon
- Neurodegenerative Disease section, Iggy Get Out, 19a Boundary Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- Neurodegenerative Disease section, Iggy Get Out, 19a Boundary Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zheng Su
- Neurodegenerative Disease section, Iggy Get Out, 19a Boundary Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nitin K. Saksena
- Neurodegenerative Disease section, Iggy Get Out, 19a Boundary Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Sydney, Australia
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304
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Watson CN, Belli A, Di Pietro V. Small Non-coding RNAs: New Class of Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:364. [PMID: 31080456 PMCID: PMC6497742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in the world, with an aging population. In the last few decades, due to the devastating nature of these diseases, the research of biomarkers has become crucial to enable adequate treatments and to monitor the progress of disease. Currently, gene mutations, CSF and blood protein markers together with the neuroimaging techniques are the most used diagnostic approaches. However, despite the efforts in the research, conflicting data still exist, highlighting the need to explore new classes of biomarkers, particularly at early stages. Small non-coding RNAs (MicroRNA, Small nuclear RNA, Small nucleolar RNA, tRNA derived small RNA and Piwi-interacting RNA) can be considered a "relatively" new class of molecule that have already proved to be differentially regulated in many NDs, hence they represent a new potential class of biomarkers to be explored. In addition, understanding their involvement in disease development could depict the underlying pathogenesis of particular NDs, so novel treatment methods that act earlier in disease progression can be developed. This review aims to describe the involvement of small non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of NDs and their potential role in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum N. Watson
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Belli
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Di Pietro
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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305
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Kopkova A, Sana J, Fadrus P, Slaby O. Cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in brain tumors. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:869-879. [PMID: 29451858 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a body fluid that has many important functions and is in direct contact with the extracellular environment of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF serves as both the communication channel allowing the distribution of various substances among the CNS cells and the storage facility for the waste products these cells release. For these reasons, CSF is a potential source of diagnostic biomarkers of many CNS diseases, including brain tumors. Recent studies have revealed that CSF also contains circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs that have been described as biomarkers in many cancers. However, CSF miRNAs are difficult to detect, which is why researchers face major challenges, including technological difficulties in its detection and its lack of standardization. Therefore, this review aims (i) to highlight the potential of CSF miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in brain tumors, and (ii) to summarize technological approaches for detection of CSF miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kopkova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sana
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fadrus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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306
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Kou X, Chen D, Chen N. Physical Activity Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease through Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071591. [PMID: 30934958 PMCID: PMC6479697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common aging-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders, and can result in great suffering for a large portion of the aged population. Although the pathogenesis of AD is being elucidated, the exact mechanisms are still unclear, thereby impeding the development of effective drugs, supplements, and other interventional strategies for AD. In recent years, impaired autophagy associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction has been reported to be involved in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, miRNA-mediated regulation for the functional status of autophagy may become one of the potent interventional strategies for AD. Mounting evidence from in vivo AD models has demonstrated that physical activity can exert a neuroprotective role in AD. In addition, autophagy is strictly regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway. In this article, the regulation of the functional status of autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway during physical activity is systematically discussed for the prevention and treatment of AD. This concept will be beneficial to developing novel and effective targets that can create a direct link between pharmacological intervention and AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjuan Kou
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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307
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Costa MFBNAD, Reisdorfer E, Kempfer SS, Fernandes GCM, Porporatti AL, Canto GDL. Diagnostic validity of biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 71:3074-3083. [PMID: 30517414 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, saliva, and urine. METHOD The studies were collected from the Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, OpenGrey, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases starting from May 3, 2016 and updated on March 20, 2017. Twenty-two studies were evaluated, by the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies and Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Evidence shows that serum antibodies can be used as highly specific and accurate biomarkers for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease at the outset. Biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid are related to increased motor severity, postural instability, gait abnormality, and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Serum and cerebrospinal antibodies can be used as diagnostic biomarkers at the onset of the disease.
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308
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Hewel C, Kaiser J, Wierczeiko A, Linke J, Reinhardt C, Endres K, Gerber S. Common miRNA Patterns of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease and Their Putative Impact on Commensal Gut Microbiota. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:113. [PMID: 30890906 PMCID: PMC6411762 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rise of Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) methods, Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have achieved an important position in the research landscape and have been found to present valuable diagnostic tools in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis or lung cancer. There is also emerging evidence that miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD). Apparently, these diseases come along with changes in miRNA expression patterns which led to attempts from researchers to use these small RNA species from several body fluids for a better diagnosis and in order to observe disease progression. Additionally, it became evident that microbial commensals might play an important role for pathology development and were shown to have a significantly different composition in patients suffering from neurodegeneration compared with healthy controls. As it could recently be shown that secreted miRNAs are able to enter microbial organisms, it is conceivable that the host's miRNA might affect the gut microbial ecosystem. As such, miRNAs may inherit a central role in shaping the "diseased microbiome" and thereby mutually act on the characteristics of these neurodegenerative diseases. We have therefore (1) compiled a list of miRNAs known to be associated with AD and/or PD, (2) performed an in silico target screen for binding sites of these miRNA on human gut metagenome sequences and (3) evaluated the hit list for interesting matches potentially relevant to the etiology of AD and or PD. The examination of protein identifiers connected to bacterial secretion system, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and biofilm formation revealed an overlap of 37 bacterial proteins that were targeted by human miRNAs. The identified links of miRNAs to the biological processes of bacteria connected to AD and PD have yet to be validated via in vivo experiments. However, our results show a promising new approach for understanding aspects of these neurodegenerative diseases in light of the regulation of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hewel
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Center of Computational Sciences Mainz (CSM), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Kaiser
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Center of Computational Sciences Mainz (CSM), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Wierczeiko
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Center of Computational Sciences Mainz (CSM), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Linke
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Center of Computational Sciences Mainz (CSM), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Center of Computational Sciences Mainz (CSM), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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309
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Yuan L, Li JY. Exosomes in Parkinson's Disease: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:964-972. [PMID: 30664350 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are lipid bilayer membrane vesicles, have been implicated as carriers of biological macromolecules. In recent years, the functions of exosomes in the spreading of pathological conversion of proteins among neurons have drawn particular attention in Parkinson's disease research. Extracellular α-synuclein is proven to be associated with exosomes in vivo and in vitro. The contents of these exosomes may be altered during the pathological and clinical processes, serving as a potential target for biomarker development in Parkinson's disease. This Review highlights the current understanding of biogenesis and pathophysiological roles of exosomes. Meanwhile, exosomes are promising delivery vehicles. Artificial exosomes can be loaded with defined therapeutically active molecules, such as drugs, small interfering RNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and proteins to the brain, ensuring the site-specific targeting strategy to the recipient cells. Therefore, we will also discuss the potential applications of exosomes in developing modified exosome-based drug carrier systems to halt the pathologic propagation of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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310
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Gámez-Valero A, Beyer K, Borràs FE. Extracellular vesicles, new actors in the search for biomarkers of dementias. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 74:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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311
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Decoding epigenetic cell signaling in neuronal differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:12-24. [PMID: 30578863 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are differentiated into neurons, which are integrated into the neural network. Nowadays, pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells can be artificially differentiated into neurons utilizing several techniques. Specific transcriptional profiles from NSCs during differentiation are frequently used to approach and observe phenotype alteration and functional determination of neurons. In this context, the role of non-coding RNA, transcription factors and epigenetic changes in neuronal development and differentiation has gained importance. Epigenetic elucidation has become a field of intense research due to distinct patterns of normal conditions and different neurodegenerative disorders, which can be explored to develop new diagnostic methods or gene therapies. In this review, we discuss the complexity of transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles that are responsible for guiding and coordinating neural development.
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312
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Zhao ZH, Chen ZT, Zhou RL, Zhang X, Ye QY, Wang YZ. Increased DJ-1 and α-Synuclein in Plasma Neural-Derived Exosomes as Potential Markers for Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 10:438. [PMID: 30692923 PMCID: PMC6339871 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of PD might be in difficulty, especially in the early stages. Therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers is imperative for the diagnosis and monitoring disease progression in PD. DJ-1 and α-synuclein, are two proteins that are critically involved in the pathogenesis of PD, and they have been examined as disease biomarkers in studies. However, no study exists regarding DJ-1 in plasma neural-derived exosomes. In the present study, the levels of DJ-1 and α-synuclein in plasma neural-derived exosomes were studied together in order to investigate novel biomarkers for PD. DJ-1 and α-synuclein in plasma and plasma neural-derived exosomes of the patients with PD and controls were quantified by ELISAs. The data revealed that the levels of DJ-1 and α-synuclein in plasma neural-derived exosomes and the ratio of plasma neural-derived exosomal DJ-1 to total DJ-1 were significantly higher in patients with PD, compared with controls, while levels of the two proteins in plasma exhibited no difference between the patients with PD and controls. However, no relationship was identified between biomarkers and disease progression. In addition, significant positive correlations between DJ-1 and α-synuclein in plasma neural-derived exosomes were found in the patients with PD and in healthy individuals. We hypothesize that DJ-1 in plasma neural-derived exosomes may be used as a potential biomarker as α-synuclein in PD and they might participate in the mechanism of PD together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Ling Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin-Yong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yin-Zhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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313
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Spaull R, McPherson B, Gialeli A, Clayton A, Uney J, Heep A, Cordero-Llana Ó. Exosomes populate the cerebrospinal fluid of preterm infants with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 73:59-65. [PMID: 30639393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are at risk of germinal matrix haemorrhage-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) which leads to post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in 30% of infants; this is associated with moderate-severe neurodevelopmental impairment and confers significant risk of cerebral palsy. There are however no predictive indicators of the severity or long-term outcome after GMH-IVH. In recent years, endosome-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes have been isolated from biofluids and shown to mediate intercellular communication via selective enrichment in proteins and micro-RNAs. METHODS This study aimed to isolate and characterise EVs from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 3 preterm infants with PHH using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with immunogold protein labelling, and micro-RNA analysis. RESULTS NTA of unaltered CSF revealed a heterogeneous and dynamic population of EVs. Exosomal-sized EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and TEM confirmed the presence of CD63+ and CD81+ exosomes. The micro-RNAs miR-9, miR-17, miR-26a, miR-124 and miR-1911 were detected within the exosome-enriched fraction and profiled over time. CONCLUSION This is the first reported characterisation of exosomes from the CSF of preterm infants with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Spaull
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Bryony McPherson
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Andriana Gialeli
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, UK
| | - James Uney
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Axel Heep
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; Neonatal Neurology Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Óscar Cordero-Llana
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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314
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The Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5436-5455. [PMID: 30612333 PMCID: PMC6614129 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids-ceramide, sphingosine, and their respective 1-phosphates (C1P and S1P)-are signaling molecules serving as intracellular second messengers. Moreover, S1P acts through G protein-coupled receptors in the plasma membrane. Accumulating evidence points to sphingolipids' engagement in brain aging and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Metabolic alterations observed in the course of neurodegeneration favor ceramide-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling, while the levels of the neuroprotective S1P are reduced. These trends are observed early in the diseases' development, suggesting causal relationship. Mechanistic evidence has shown links between altered ceramide/S1P rheostat and the production, secretion, and aggregation of amyloid β/α-synuclein as well as signaling pathways of critical importance for the pathomechanism of protein conformation diseases. Sphingolipids influence multiple aspects of Akt/protein kinase B signaling, a pathway that regulates metabolism, stress response, and Bcl-2 family proteins. The cross-talk between sphingolipids and transcription factors including NF-κB, FOXOs, and AP-1 may be also important for immune regulation and cell survival/death. Sphingolipids regulate exosomes and other secretion mechanisms that can contribute to either the spread of neurotoxic proteins between brain cells, or their clearance. Recent discoveries also suggest the importance of intracellular and exosomal pools of small regulatory RNAs in the creation of disturbed signaling environment in the diseased brain. The identified interactions of bioactive sphingolipids urge for their evaluation as potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, the early disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism may deliver easily accessible biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders.
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315
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Yu P, Chen W. Advances in the diagnosis of exosomal miRNAs in ischemic stroke. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2339-2343. [PMID: 31695378 PMCID: PMC6707376 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s216784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis, early treatment, and improved prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke are vital requirements. Current clinical practices for the diagnosis of stroke include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other traditional imaging methods to quickly check the location, volume, etc, in the hospital; however, diagnosis of the underlying cause of infarction is not effective with these practices. Owing to the coexistence of various etiologies, accurate and timely diagnosis using routine hematology and biochemical tests remains a challenge. Exosomes are membrane vesicles, approximately 30-150 nm in diameter, which fuse with cell membrane and are released into the extracellular space. As one of the research hotspots in the field of medicine in recent years, exosomes can participate in immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, tumor invasion, and so on. Owing to the important role played by the miRNAs contained in exosomes, the latter have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the progress made regarding the exosomal miRNAs as ischemic stroke biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, People's Republic of China
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316
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van Weering JRT, Scheper W. Endolysosome and Autolysosome Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Where Intracellular and Extracellular Meet. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:639-648. [PMID: 31165364 PMCID: PMC6647502 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed proteostasis as reflected by a massive accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates is a central feature in Alzheimer's disease. Proteostatic disturbances may be caused by a shift in protein production and clearance. Whereas rare genetic causes of the disease affect the production side, sporadic cases appear to be directed by dysfunction in protein clearance. This review focusses on the involvement of lysosome-mediated clearance. Autophagy is a degradational system where intracellular components are degraded by lysosomal organelles. In addition, "outside-to-inside" trafficking through the endosomes converges with the autolysosomal pathway, thereby bringing together intracellular and extracellular components. Recent findings demonstrate that disturbance in the endo- and autolysosomal pathway induces "inside-to-outside" communication via induction of unconventional secretion, which may bear relevance to the spreading of disease pathology through the brain. The involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed with an outlook to the opportunities it provides for diagnostics as well as therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R. T. van Weering
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wiep Scheper
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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317
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microRNA diagnostic panel for Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic trade-off between neurodegeneration and cancer. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:125-143. [PMID: 30391753 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their profiles have been analyzed in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue. However, due to the high variability between the reported data, stemming from the lack of methodological standardization and the heterogeneity of AD, the most promising miRNA biomarker candidates have not been selected. Our literature review shows that out of 137 miRNAs found to be altered in AD blood, 36 have been replicated in at least one independent study, and out of 166 miRNAs reported as differential in AD CSF, 13 have been repeatedly found. Only 3 miRNAs have been consistently reported as altered in three analyzed specimens: blood, CSF and the brain (hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-135a). Nonetheless, all 36 repeatedly differential miRNAs in AD blood are promising as components of the diagnostic panel. Given their predicted functions, such miRNA panel may report multiple pathways contributing to AD pathology, enabling the design of personalized therapies. In addition, the analysis revealed that the miRNAs dysregulated in AD overlap highly with miRNAs implicated in cancer. However, the directions of the miRNA changes are usually opposite in cancer and AD, indicative of an epigenetic trade-off between the two diseases.
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318
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Maass F, Schulz I, Lingor P, Mollenhauer B, Bähr M. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Parkinson's disease: An overview. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 97:60-66. [PMID: 30543858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), there is a wide field of recent and ongoing search for useful biomarkers for early and differential diagnosis, disease monitoring or subtype characterization. Up to now, no biofluid biomarker has entered the daily clinical routine. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often used as a source for biomarker development in different neurological disorders because it reflects changes in central-nervous system homeostasis. This review article gives an overview about different biomarker approaches in PD, mainly focusing on CSF analyses. Current state and future perspectives regarding classical protein markers like alpha‑synuclein, but also different "omics" techniques are described. In conclusion, technical advancements in the field already yielded promising results, but further multicenter trials with well-defined cohorts, standardized protocols and integrated data analysis of different modalities are needed before successful translation into routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Maass
- University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Isabel Schulz
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, 12 University Rd, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse 16, 24128 Kassel, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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319
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Chua CEL, Tang BL. miR-34a in Neurophysiology and Neuropathology. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 67:235-246. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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320
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The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Diabetic Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110461. [PMID: 30469430 PMCID: PMC6262561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes by modulating gene expression. They have been found to be dysregulated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and are considered promising therapeutic targets for treatment. Among the various neurodegenerative diseases, diabetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recently emerging as an important issue due to several unexpected reports suggesting that metabolic issues in the brain, such as insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation, could be important risk factors for AD. To facilitate understanding of the role of lncRNAs in this field, here we review recent studies on lncRNAs in AD and diabetes, and summarize them with different categories associated with the pathogenesis of the diseases including neurogenesis, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta accumulation, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose dysregulation. It is essential to understand the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic AD from various perspectives for therapeutic utilization of lncRNAs in the near future.
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321
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Hosaka T, Yamashita T, Teramoto S, Hirose N, Tamaoka A, Kwak S. ADAR2-dependent A-to-I RNA editing in the extracellular linear and circular RNAs. Neurosci Res 2018; 147:48-57. [PMID: 30448461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no reliable biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exist. In sporadic ALS, RNA editing at the glutamine/arginine site of GluA2 mRNA is specifically reduced in the motor neurons due to the downregulation of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2). Furthermore, TDP-43 pathology, the pathological hallmark of ALS, is observed in the ADAR2-lacking motor neurons in ALS patients and conditional ADAR2 knockout mice, suggesting a pivotal role of ADAR2 downregulation in the ALS pathogenesis. Extracellular RNAs were shown to represent potential disease biomarkers and the editing efficiencies at their ADAR2-dependent sites may reflect cellular ADAR2 activity, suggesting that these RNAs isolated from the body fluids may represent the biomarkers of ALS. We searched for ADAR2-dependent sites in the mouse motor neurons and human-derived cultured cells and found 10 sites in five host RNAs expressed in SH-SY5Y cells and their culture medium. Of these, the arginine/glycine site of SON mRNA was newly identified as an ADAR2-dependent site. Furthermore, we detected a circular RNA with an ADAR2-dependent site in the SH-SY5Y cells and their culture medium. Therefore, the changes in the editing efficiencies at the identified host RNA sites isolated from the body fluids may represent potential biomarkers of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hosaka
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takenari Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Sayaka Teramoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirose
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shin Kwak
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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322
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Analytics of Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNA Quantitative PCR Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4988-4999. [PMID: 30430409 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Recent studies have shown that human disease states correlate with measurable differences in the level of circulating miRNAs relative to healthy controls. Thus, there is great interest in developing clinical miRNA assays as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for diseases, and as surrogate measures for therapeutic outcomes. Our studies have focused on miRNAs in human cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) as biomarkers for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Our objective here was to examine factors that may affect the outcome of quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies on CSF miRNAs, in order to guide planning and interpretation of future CSF miRNA TaqMan® low-density array (TLDA) studies. We obtained CSF from neurologically normal (control) donors and used TLDAs to measure miRNA expression. We examined sources of error in the TLDA outcomes due to (1) nonspecific amplification of products in total RNA, (2) variations in RNA isolations performed on different days, (3) miRNA primer probe efficiency, and (4) variations in individual TLDA cards. We also examined the utility of card-to-card TLDA corrections and use of an unchanged "reference standard" to remove batch processing effects in large-scale studies.
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323
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Prenatal Exposure to Benzophenone-3 Impairs Autophagy, Disrupts RXRs/PPARγ Signaling, and Alters Epigenetic and Post-Translational Statuses in Brain Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4820-4837. [PMID: 30402708 PMCID: PMC6647400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The UV absorber benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most extensively used chemical substance in various personal care products. Despite that BP-3 exposure is widespread, knowledge about the impact of BP-3 on the brain development is negligible. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms of prenatal exposure to BP-3 in neuronal cells, with particular emphasis on autophagy and nuclear receptors signaling as well as the epigenetic and post-translational modifications occurring in response to BP-3. To observe the impact of prenatal exposure to BP-3, we administered BP-3 to pregnant mice, and next, we isolated brain tissue from pretreated embryos for primary cell neocortical culture. Our study revealed that prenatal exposure to BP-3 (used in environmentally relevant doses) impairs autophagy in terms of BECLIN-1, MAP1LC3B, autophagosomes, and autophagy-related factors; disrupts the levels of retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ); alters epigenetic status (i.e., attenuates HDAC and sirtuin activities); inhibits post-translational modifications in terms of global sumoylation; and dysregulates expression of neurogenesis- and neurotransmitter-related genes as well as miRNAs involved in pathologies of the nervous system. Our study also showed that BP-3 has good permeability through the BBB. We strongly suggest that BP-3-evoked effects may substantiate a fetal basis of the adult onset of neurological diseases, particularly schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
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324
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Varela-Martínez E, Abendaño N, Asín J, Sistiaga-Poveda M, Pérez MM, Reina R, de Andrés D, Luján L, Jugo BM. Molecular Signature of Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant in Ovine PBMCs by Integrated mRNA and microRNA Transcriptome Sequencing. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2406. [PMID: 30405610 PMCID: PMC6206264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been few in vivo studies on the effect of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and its influence on the immune response to vaccination. In this study, lambs received a parallel subcutaneous treatment with either commercial vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide or an equivalent dose of this compound only with the aim of identifying the activated molecular signature. Blood samples were taken from each animal at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and PBMCs isolated. Total RNA and miRNA libraries were prepared and sequenced. After alignment to the Oar3.1 reference genome and differential expression with 3 programs, gene enrichment modeling was performed. For miRNAs, miRBase and RNAcentral databases were used for detection and characterization. Three expression comparisons were made: vaccinated animals at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, adjuvanted animals at the same times, and animals of both treatments at the end of the experiment. After exposure to both treatments, a total of 2,473; 2,980 and 429 differentially expressed genes were identified in vaccinated animals, adjuvanted animals and animals at the end of both treatments, respectively. In both adjuvant and vaccine treated animals the NF-κB signaling pathway was enriched. On the other hand, it can be observed a downregulation of cytokines and cytokine receptors in the adjuvanted group compared to the vaccinated group at the final time, suggesting a milder induction of the immune response when the adjuvant is alone. As for the miRNA analysis, 95 miRNAs were detected: 64 previously annotated in Ovis aries, 11 annotated in Bos taurus and 20 newly described. Interestingly, 6 miRNAs were differentially expressed in adjuvant treated animals, and 3 and 1 in the other two comparisons. Lastly, an integrated miRNA-mRNA expression profile was developed, in which a miRNA-mediated regulation of genes related to DNA damage stimulus was observed. In brief, it seems that aluminum-containing adjuvants are not simple delivery vehicles for antigens, but also induce endogenous danger signals that can stimulate the immune system. Whether this contributes to long-lasting immune activation or to the overstimulation of the immune system remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endika Varela-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Asín
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maialen Sistiaga-Poveda
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marta Maria Pérez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Navarra, Spain
| | - Damián de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Navarra, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Begoña M Jugo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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325
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Lv Z, Hu L, Yang Y, Zhang K, Sun Z, Zhang J, Zhang L, Hao Y. Comparative study of microRNA profiling in one Chinese Family with PSEN1 G378E mutation. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1711-1720. [PMID: 29961914 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are not widely studied in familial Alzheimer's disease cases, whether the microRNA profilings in familial Alzheimer's disease patients are similar to the sporadic AD patients is not known. This study aims to investigate the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EO-FAD) in a Chinese family. We performed the gene mutation analysis in a family clinically diagnosed of EO-FAD. Micro-arrays were used to profile the miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid of 2 affected members, 2 unaffected carriers and 2 mutation negative controls. The clinical presentation confirmed the EO-FAD diagnosis, and a recurrent mutation of the PSEN1 p.G378E was found in the family. The result showed that in the miRNAs expression profile, a total of 166 miRNAs were up-regulated and 3 miRNAs were down-regulated in the affected individuals compared with mutation negative individuals. But after Benjamini Hochberg FDR correction, only 25 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and no miRNA was down-regulated, the levels of miR-30a-5p, miR-4758-3p and let-7a-3p were elevated significantly. Compared with mutation negative controls, 21 miRNAs were up-regulated and 18 microRNAs were down-regulated in the unaffected mutation carriers, after Benjamini Hochberg FDR correction, miR-345-5p was up-regulated and miR-4795-3p was down-regulated in the unaffected mutation carriers. And there was no difference between the affected members and unaffected mutation carriers. GO database showed that the top biological processes affected by the predicted target genes are nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity and transcription factor activity (sequence-specific DNA binding) (GO:0001071 and GO:0003700). The result of KEGG pathways showed 64 pathways were implicated in the regulatory network. The present study identified the miRNA profiling of Chinese siblings with G378E mutation in the PSEN1. Compared with mutation negative controls, the levels of 25 miRNAs including miR-30a-5p, miR-4758-3p and let-7a-3p were elevated significantly in the affected members, miR-345-5p was up-regulated and miR-4795-3p was down-regulated in the unaffected mutation carriers. Our study showed the microRNA profilings in the cases of a EO-FAD family with PSEN1 p.G378E mutation, but because of the individuals in the family was small, the results in other types of EO-FAD still need further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyun Lv
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Liangchen Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Zuzhen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Lipan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Yanlei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
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326
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Wang W, Luo J, Wang S. Recent Progress in Isolation and Detection of Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Diagnostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800484. [PMID: 30009550 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as one of the many new and promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy of cancer due to their loading capability of some specific proteins and nucleic acids that are closely associated with cancer states. As such, the isolation and detection of cancer-derived EVs offer important information in noninvasive diagnosis of early-stage cancer and real-time monitoring of cancer development. In light of the importance of EVs, over the last decade, researchers have made remarkable innovations to advance the development of EV isolation and detection methods by taking advantage of microfluidics, biomolecule probes, nanomaterials, surface plasmon, optics, and so on. This review introduces the basic properties of EVs and common cancer-derived EV ingredients, and provides a comprehensive overview of EV isolation and detection strategies, with emphasis on liquid biopsies of EVs for cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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327
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Cypryk W, Nyman TA, Matikainen S. From Inflammasome to Exosome-Does Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Constitute an Inflammasome-Dependent Immune Response? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2188. [PMID: 30319640 PMCID: PMC6167409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes of pattern recognition receptors and caspase-1, with essential functions in regulating inflammatory responses of macrophages and dendritic cells. The primary role of inflammasomes is to catalyze processing and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Recently, intracellular non-canonical inflammasome activation by caspases-4/5, which are also regulators of pyroptosis via processing gasdermin D, has been elucidated. Caspase-1, the effector protease of inflammasome complex, is also known to modulate secretion of large number of other proteins. Thereby, besides its known role in processing pro-inflammatory cytokines, the inflammasome turns into a universal regulator of protein secretion, which allows the danger-exposed cells to release various proteins in order to alert and guide neighboring cells. Majority of these proteins are not secreted through the conventional ER-Golgi secretory pathway. Instead, they are segregated in membrane-enclosed compartment and secreted in nanosized extracellular vesicles, which protect their cargo and guide it for delivery. Growing evidence indicates that inflammasome activity correlates with enhanced secretion of extracellular vesicles and modulation of their protein cargo. This inflammasome-driven unconventional, vesicle-mediated secretion of multitude of immunoregulatory proteins may constitute a novel paradigm in inflammatory responses. In this mini review we discuss the current knowledge and highlight unsolved questions about metabolic processes, signals, and mechanisms linking inflammasome activity with regulated extracellular vesicle secretion of proteins. Further investigations on this relationship may in the future help understanding the significance of extracellular vesicle secretion in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, gouty arthritis, asthma, Alzheimer's and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Cypryk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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328
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Luhtala N, Hunter T. Failure to detect functional transfer of active K-Ras protein from extracellular vesicles into recipient cells in culture. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203290. [PMID: 30192821 PMCID: PMC6128481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular nanovesicles that carry nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, have been the subject of several studies to assess their ability to transfer functional cargoes to cells. We recently characterized extracellular nanovesicles released from glioblastoma cells that carry active Ras in complex with proteins regulating exosome biogenesis. Here, we investigated whether a functional transfer of Ras from exosomes to other cells can initiate intercellular signaling. We observed that treatment of serum-starved, cultured glioblastoma cells with exogenous glioblastoma exosomes caused a significant increase in cellular viability over time. Moreover, we detected fluorescent signal transfer from lipophilic dye-labeled exogenous glioblastoma exosomes into cultured glioblastoma cells. To probe possible signaling from cell-to-cell, we utilized bimolecular luciferase complementation to examine the ability of K-Ras in exosomes to interact with the Raf-Ras Binding domain (Raf-RBD) expressed in a recipient cell line. Although the K-Ras/Raf-RBD interaction was readily detectable upon co-expression in a single cell line, or following lysis of co-cultured cell lines separately expressing K-Ras and RBD, bearing in mind the limitations of our assay, we were unable to detect the interaction in the intact, co-cultured cell lines or upon treatment of the Raf-RBD-expressing cells with exosomes containing K-Ras. Furthermore, HA-Tag-BFP fused to the K-Ras hypervariable region and CAAX sequence failed to be transferred at significant levels from extracellular vesicles into recipient cells, but remained detectable in the cell supernatants even after 96 hours of culture of naïve cells with extracellular vesicles. We conclude that if transfer of functional K-Ras from extracellular vesicles into the cytoplasm of recipient cells occurs, it must do so at an extremely low efficiency and therefore is unlikely to initiate Ras-ERK MAP kinase pathway signaling. These results suggest that studies claiming functional transfer of protein cargoes from exosomes should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Luhtala
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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329
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shah
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.S.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (J.E.F.) - both in Massachusetts; and the Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (T.P.)
| | - Tushar Patel
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.S.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (J.E.F.) - both in Massachusetts; and the Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (T.P.)
| | - Jane E Freedman
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.S.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (J.E.F.) - both in Massachusetts; and the Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (T.P.)
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330
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Roser AE, Caldi Gomes L, Schünemann J, Maass F, Lingor P. Circulating miRNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:625. [PMID: 30233304 PMCID: PMC6135037 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Its main neuropathological hallmarks are the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and alpha-synuclein containing protein inclusions, called Lewy Bodies. The diagnosis of idiopathic PD is still based on the assessment of clinical criteria, leading to an insufficient diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, there is no biomarker available allowing the prediction of the disease course or monitoring the response to therapeutic approaches. So far, protein biomarker candidates such as alpha-synuclein have failed to improve diagnosis of PD. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in body fluids are promising biomarker candidates for PD, as they are easily accessible by non- or minimally-invasive procedures and changes in their expression are associated with pathophysiological processes relevant for PD. Advances in miRNA analysis methods resulted in numerous recent publications on miRNAs as putative biomarkers. Here, we discuss the applicability of different body fluids as sources for miRNA biomarkers, highlight technical aspects of miRNA analysis and give an overview on published studies investigating circulating miRNAs as biomarker candidates for diagnosis of PD and other Parkinsonian syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Elisa Roser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Caldi Gomes
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schünemann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Maass
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
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331
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Ramaswamy P, Christopher R, Pal PK, Yadav R. MicroRNAs to differentiate Parkinsonian disorders: Advances in biomarkers and therapeutics. J Neurol Sci 2018; 394:26-37. [PMID: 30196132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonian disorders are a set of progressive neurodegenerative movement disorders characterized by rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and their distinction has significant implications in terms of management and prognosis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common among them. Its clinical diagnosis is challenging and, it can be misdiagnosed in the early stages. Multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy are the close mimickers in early stages, due to overlapping clinical features. MicroRNAs are a class of stable non-coding small RNA molecules implicated in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Current studies propose that miRNAs play an essential role in the pathobiology of multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinsonism, and they seem to be one of the reasonably available methods to aid in the differential diagnosis between PD and related disorders. MicroRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics are a powerful tool to understand and explore the function of the pathogenic gene/s, their mechanism in the disease pathobiology, and to validate drug targets. In this review, we emphasize on the recent developments in the usage of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers to identify PD and to differentiate it from atypical parkinsonian conditions, their role in disease pathogenesis, and their possible utility in the therapy of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniswamy Ramaswamy
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India.
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332
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Izadpanah M, Seddigh A, Ebrahimi Barough S, Fazeli SAS, Ai J. Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Indications. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:172-179. [PMID: 30140997 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles. EVs are nanometer sized, found in physiological fluids such as urine, blood, cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF), with a capacity of transferring various biological materials such as microRNAs, proteins, and lipids among cells without direct cell-to-cell contact. Many cells in the nervous system have been shown to release EVs. These vesicles are involved in intercellular communication and a variety of biological processes such as modulation of immune response, signal transduction, and transport of genetic materials with low immunogenicity; therefore, they have also been recently investigated for the delivery of therapeutic molecules such as siRNAs and drugs in the treatment of diseases. In addition, since EV components reflect the physiological status of the cells and tissues producing them, they can be utilized as biomarkers for early detection of various diseases. In this review, we summarize EV application, in diagnosis as biomarker sources and as a carrier tool for drug delivery in EV-based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Izadpanah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1417755469, Tehran, Iran.,Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshia Seddigh
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1417755469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1417755469, Tehran, Iran.
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333
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Dalli T, Beker M, Terzioglu-Usak S, Akbas F, Elibol B. Thymoquinone activates MAPK pathway in hippocampus of streptozotocin-treated rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:391-401. [PMID: 29367108 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ), a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound, produces deficiencies in learning, memory, and cognitive functions when it was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v). In molecular level, increase in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in brain, and decrease in the number of surviving neurons are the outcomes of STZ administration. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of thymoquinone (TQ), an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective agent, on STZ-induced neurodegeneration in rats. For this purpose, bilateral i.c.v. injection of STZ (3 mg/kg) was given to adult female rats on days 1 and 3. TQ (20 mg/kg/day in cornoil) was administered intragastrically to rats for 15 days starting from the 15th day of STZ injection. The Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were applied to measure the learning and memory performance of animals. Following the behavioral tests, all of the rats were sacrificed for evaluation of molecular alterations. Rats in the STZ-TQ group showed higher performance in passive avoidance test than rats in the STZ group whose memory performance declined compared to control group. The worse memory performance in STZ group was correlated with low number of surviving neurons and high number of degenerating neurons. In addition, an increase in APOE expression and a decrease in NGF expression were observed with STZ injection. Administration of TQ reversed these STZ-triggered cognitive and molecular alterations. In the present study, we observed the neuroregenerative effects of TQ by activation of JNK protein, upregulation of mir-124, and downregulation of ERK1/2 and NOS enzymes. The same ameliorative effect of TQ was also observed in the pTau protein expression. To sum up, we can say that the healing effect of TQ on STZ induced neurodegeneration opens a new door for the development of Alzheimer's disease treatment using natural products as an adjuvant when their action mechanism was explained in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Dalli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Beker
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Terzioglu-Usak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fahri Akbas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsen Elibol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
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334
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Zhu J, Wang S, Qi W, Xu X, Liang Y. Overexpression of miR-153 promotes oxidative stress in MPP +-induced PD model by negatively regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4179-4187. [PMID: 31949812 PMCID: PMC6962783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to oxidative stress as a chief mediator of Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. At present, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as important regulators in oxidative stress. Furthermore, miRNAs were also involved in the neuropathology of neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. In this study, we aimed to explore the influences of miR-153 and Nrf2 in oxidative stress during the development of PD. It was found that the expression of miR-13 and Nrf2 detected by qRT-PCR were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in serum of PD patients and MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. The target relationship between miR-153 and Nrf2 was determined by dual-luciferase assay. Moreover, after transfecting with miR-153 mimics and inhibitor, the expressions of Nrf2 in mRNA and protein were down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively. The indexes of oxidative stress were examined by biochemical methods. The data revealed that miR-153 could facilitate oxidative stress by negatively regulating Nrf2 in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, it was observed that miR-153 could suppress the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, these findings indicated that overexpression of miR-153 could promote oxidative stress in PD by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, possibly providing a new way to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Longmen County People’s HospitalHuizhou, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Longmen County People’s HospitalHuizhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yingyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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335
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Wiklander OPB, Bostancioglu RB, Welsh JA, Zickler AM, Murke F, Corso G, Felldin U, Hagey DW, Evertsson B, Liang XM, Gustafsson MO, Mohammad DK, Wiek C, Hanenberg H, Bremer M, Gupta D, Björnstedt M, Giebel B, Nordin JZ, Jones JC, El Andaloussi S, Görgens A. Systematic Methodological Evaluation of a Multiplex Bead-Based Flow Cytometry Assay for Detection of Extracellular Vesicle Surface Signatures. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1326. [PMID: 29951064 PMCID: PMC6008374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be harvested from cell culture supernatants and from all body fluids. EVs can be conceptually classified based on their size and biogenesis as exosomes and microvesicles. Nowadays, it is however commonly accepted in the field that there is a much higher degree of heterogeneity within these two subgroups than previously thought. For instance, the surface marker profile of EVs is likely dependent on the cell source, the cell’s activation status, and multiple other parameters. Within recent years, several new methods and assays to study EV heterogeneity in terms of surface markers have been described; most of them are being based on flow cytometry. Unfortunately, such methods generally require dedicated instrumentation, are time-consuming and demand extensive operator expertise for sample preparation, acquisition, and data analysis. In this study, we have systematically evaluated and explored the use of a multiplex bead-based flow cytometric assay which is compatible with most standard flow cytometers and facilitates a robust semi-quantitative detection of 37 different potential EV surface markers in one sample simultaneously. First, assay variability, sample stability over time, and dynamic range were assessed together with the limitations of this assay in terms of EV input quantity required for detection of differently abundant surface markers. Next, the potential effects of EV origin, sample preparation, and quality of the EV sample on the assay were evaluated. The findings indicate that this multiplex bead-based assay is generally suitable to detect, quantify, and compare EV surface signatures in various sample types, including unprocessed cell culture supernatants, cell culture-derived EVs isolated by different methods, and biological fluids. Furthermore, the use and limitations of this assay to assess heterogeneities in EV surface signatures was explored by combining different sets of detection antibodies in EV samples derived from different cell lines and subsets of rare cells. Taken together, this validated multiplex bead-based flow cytometric assay allows robust, sensitive, and reproducible detection of EV surface marker expression in various sample types in a semi-quantitative way and will be highly valuable for many researchers in the EV field in different experimental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar P B Wiklander
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Beklem Bostancioglu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Antje M Zickler
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Pathology F56, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian Murke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giulia Corso
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Felldin
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel W Hagey
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Evertsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiu-Ming Liang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Division of Pathology F56, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - André Görgens
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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336
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Blandford SN, Galloway DA, Moore CS. The roles of extracellular vesicle microRNAs in the central nervous system. Glia 2018; 66:2267-2278. [PMID: 29726599 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate protein expression and most biological processes. Mature miRNAs are recruited to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and target mRNAs via complementary base-pairing, thus resulting in translational inhibition and/or transcript degradation. Here, we present evidence implicating miRNAs within extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, as mediators of central nervous system (CNS) development, homeostasis, and injury. EVs are extracellular vesicles that are secreted by all cells and represent a novel method of intercellular communication. In glial cells, the transfer of miRNAs via EVs can alter the function of recipient cells and significantly impacts cellular mechanisms involved in both injury and repair. This review discusses the value of information to be gained by studying miRNAs within EVs in the context of CNS diseases and their potential use in the development of novel disease biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan A Galloway
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Craig S Moore
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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337
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Chang YH, Wu KC, Harn HJ, Lin SZ, Ding DC. Exosomes and Stem Cells in Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:349-363. [PMID: 29692195 PMCID: PMC6038041 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717723636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke can cause death and disability, resulting in a huge burden on society. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation in the joints. Stem cell therapy may provide a biological treatment alternative to traditional pharmacological therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred because of their differentiation ability and possible derivation from many adult tissues. In addition, the paracrine effects of MSCs play crucial anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive roles in immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes contain various molecules such as microRNA (miRNA), which mediates biological functions through gene regulation. Therefore, exosomes carrying miRNA or other molecules can enhance the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation. MSC-derived exosomes have been investigated in various animal models representing stroke, PD, and OA. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs. This review article focuses on the mechanism and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in stroke, PD, and OA in basic and clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Chang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,2 Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chi Wu
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- 4 Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- 2 Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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338
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Saito Y. DJ-1 as a Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1037:149-171. [PMID: 29147908 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6583-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive, age-related, neurodegenerative disorder, and oxidative stress is an important mediator in its pathogenesis. DJ-1 has been identified as a causative gene of a familial form of Parkinson's disease, PARK7, and plays a significant role in antioxidative defense, protecting cells from oxidative stress. A cysteine residue of DJ-1 at position 106 (Cys-106) is preferentially oxidized under oxidative stress. This reactive Cys-106 plays a critical role in the biological function of DJ-1, which could act as a sensor of oxidative stress by regulating antioxidative defense depending on Cys-106 oxidation. Thus, the levels of Cys-106-oxidized DJ-1 (oxDJ-1) could be a possible biomarker of oxidative stress. This chapter focuses on the properties of DJ-1 and oxDJ-1 levels as a biomarker of Parkinson's disease. In particular, the usability of these biomarkers to prevent and treat this neurodegenerative disease is discussed. Further, this section deals with the importance of identifying a biomarker of early-phase Parkinson's disease. Finally, this chapter summarizes the features of oxDJ-1 levels in the brain and blood as a biomarker candidate for early-phase Parkinson's disease based on our results using oxDJ-1-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Saito
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
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339
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Dos Santos MCT, Barreto-Sanz MA, Correia BRS, Bell R, Widnall C, Perez LT, Berteau C, Schulte C, Scheller D, Berg D, Maetzler W, Galante PAF, Nogueira da Costa A. miRNA-based signatures in cerebrospinal fluid as potential diagnostic tools for early stage Parkinson's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17455-17465. [PMID: 29707120 PMCID: PMC5915128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1–2% of the elderly population. Its diagnosis is still based on the identification of motor symptoms when a considerable number of dopaminergic neurons are already lost. The development of translatable biomarkers for accurate diagnosis at the earliest stages of PD is of extreme interest. Several microRNAs have been associated with PD pathophysiology. Consequently, microRNAs are emerging as potential biomarkers, especially due to their presence in Cerebrospinal Fluid and peripheral circulation. This study employed small RNA sequencing, protein binding ligand assays and machine learning in a cross-sectional cohort comprising 40 early stage PD patients and 40 well-matched controls. We identified a panel comprising 5 microRNAs (Let-7f-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-125a-5p, miR-151a-3p and miR-423-5p), with 90% sensitivity, 80% specificity and 82% area under the curve (AUC) for the differentiation of the cohorts. Moreover, we combined miRNA profiles with hallmark-proteins of PD and identified a panel (miR-10b-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-151a-3p and α-synuclein) reaching 97% sensitivity, 90% specificity and 96% AUC. We performed a gene ontology analysis for the genes targeted by the microRNAs present in each panel and showed the likely association of the models with pathways involved in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Cristina T Dos Santos
- Experimental Medicine and Diagnostics, Global Exploratory Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rosie Bell
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine Widnall
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Luis Tosar Perez
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Non Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - Caroline Berteau
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Berg
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Andre Nogueira da Costa
- Experimental Medicine and Diagnostics, Global Exploratory Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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Armstrong EA, Beal EW, Chakedis J, Paredes AZ, Moris D, Pawlik TM, Schmidt CR, Dillhoff ME. Exosomes in Pancreatic Cancer: from Early Detection to Treatment. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:737-750. [PMID: 29423813 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most fatal forms of cancer worldwide with incidence nearly equal to mortality. This is often attributed to the fact that diagnosis is often not made until later disease stages when treatment proves difficult. Efforts have been made to reduce the mortality of PC through improvements in early screening techniques and treatments of late-stage disease. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles involved in cellular communication, have shown promise in helping understand PC disease biology. METHODS In this review, we discuss current studies of the role of exosomes in PC physiology, and their potential use as diagnostic and treatment tools. RESULTS Exosomes have a role in diagnosing pancreatic cancer and in understanding tumor biology including migration, proliferation, chemoresistance, immunosuppression, cachexia and diabetes, and have a potential role in therapy for pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal analysis is beneficial in demonstrating mechanisms behind PC growth and metastasis, immunosuppression, drug resistance, and paraneoplastic conditions. Furthermore, the use of exosomes can be beneficial in detecting early-stage PC and exosomes have potential applications as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Armstrong
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eliza W Beal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Ave. M256 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Jeffery Chakedis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Ave. M256 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anghela Z Paredes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Ave. M256 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Demetrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Ave. M256 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Ave. M256 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Carl R Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Ave. M256 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mary E Dillhoff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Ave. M256 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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341
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MicroRNA Expression Levels Are Altered in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Young-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8826-8841. [PMID: 29603092 PMCID: PMC6208843 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prior to the age of 65 years is classified as young-onset (YOAD), whereas diagnosis after the age of 65 years is considered late-onset (LOAD). Although rare autosomal mutations more commonly associate with YOAD, most YOAD and LOAD cases are sporadic. YOAD and LOAD share amyloid and tau pathology, but many YOAD patients show increased disease severity and rate of progression. The current study examined the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile from exosomes isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of YOAD patients with biomarker-confirmed AD. Results uncovered miR-16-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-451a, and miR-605-5p as differentially expressed in the CSF-derived exosomes of YOAD patients when compared with healthy controls (HC). In a cohort of LOAD patients, miR-125b-5p, miR-451a, and miR-605-5p were similarly altered in expression, but miR-16-5p showed similar expression to control. Analysis of the mRNA targets of these miRNAs revealed transcripts enriched in biological processes relevant to the post-mortem posterior cingulate cortex transcriptome in YOAD from a previously published microarray study, including those related to neuron projections, synaptic signaling, metabolism, apoptosis, and the immune system. Hence, these miRNAs represent novel targets for uncovering disease mechanisms and for biomarker development in both YOAD and LOAD.
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342
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Wu Y, Xu J, Xu J, Cheng J, Jiao D, Zhou C, Dai Y, Chen Q. Lower Serum Levels of miR-29c-3p and miR-19b-3p as Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018. [PMID: 28626163 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.242.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA that participate in posttranscriptional gene regulation. However, little is understood about the roles of miRNAs in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we used next-generation sequencing on RNA extracted from the serum samples of 20 AD patients and 20 controls, yielding a total of 72 miRNAs with significantly changed expression levels. Among these candidates, we selected 9 miRNAs with most significant alteration in disease, and validated their expression levels using RT-qPCR analysis on serum samples from 45 AD patients and 40 control subjects. Thus, the serum levels of miR-146a-5p, 106b-3p, 195-5p, 20b-5p, and 497-5p were significantly higher, while those of miR-125b-3p, 29c-3p, 93-5p and 19b-3p were significantly lower in AD patients, compared with control subjects. Two miRNAs, miR-29c-3p and miR-19b-3p, were selected because both RNA deep-sequencing and q-PCR methods indicated lower serum levels of these miRNAs in AD patients. Computational analysis predicted that 3'-untranslated region of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNA is targeted both by miR-29c-3p and miR-19b-3p. Using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, we showed that transfection with miR-29c-3p or miR-19b-3p inhibitor significantly increased STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Water maze test, which assesses the learning and memory deficits in rodents, showed that escape latency was significantly shorter in AD rats with overexpression of miR-29c-3p or miR-19b-3p than in control AD rats. These results suggest that miR-29c-3p or miR-19b-3p may contribute to the cognitive function. In conclusion, the serum levels of miR-29c-3p and miR-19b-3p are helpful biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.,Department of Geriatrics, the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
| | - Demin Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
| | - Qingyong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
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343
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Liu W, Geng L, Chen Y. MiR-19b alleviates MPP +-induced neuronal cytotoxicity via targeting the HAPLN4/MAPK pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10706-10714. [PMID: 35540477 PMCID: PMC9078925 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: miR-19b has been reported to be involved in nervous system disease including Parkinson's disease (PD). However its molecular basis has not been exhaustively elucidated. Materials and Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to construct PD model in vitro. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-19b and proteoglycan link protein 4 (HAPLN4) mRNA. Western blot analysis was used to measure the level of HAPLN4 and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related protein. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT and flow cytometry. Commercial ELISA kits were applied to quantify caspase-3 activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to assess the relationship between miR-19b and HAPLN4. Results: miR-19b was downregulated in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. miR-19b overexpression reversed MPP+-induced suppression of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, miR-19b alleviated MPP+-induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells, embodied by the decrease of LDH release, caspase-3 activity, ROS expression, TNF-α and IL-1β secretion, as well as the increase of SOD level. HAPLN4 was identified as a direct target of miR-19b and miR-19b repressed HAPLN4 expression in a post-transcriptional manner. In addition, miR-19b-mediated anti-apoptosis effect was abated following HAPLN4 expression restoration in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, MAPK signaling participated in miR-19b/HAPLN4-mediated regulation in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion: the neuroprotective effect of miR-19b might be mediated by HAPLN4/MAPK pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Kaifeng 475000 China
| | - Lijiao Geng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University No. 357 Ximen Street Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906882
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University No. 357 Ximen Street Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906882
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Mo M, Xiao Y, Huang S, Cen L, Chen X, Zhang L, Luo Q, Li S, Yang X, Lin X, Xu P. MicroRNA expressing profiles in A53T mutant alpha-synuclein transgenic mice and Parkinsonian. Oncotarget 2018; 8:15-28. [PMID: 27965467 PMCID: PMC5352072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein gene mutations can cause α-synuclein protein aggregation in the midbrain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the metabolism of α-synuclein but the mechanism involved in synucleinopathy remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the miRNA profiles in A53T-α-synuclein transgenic mice and analyzed the candidate miRNAs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PD patients. The 12-month A53T-transgenic mouse displayed hyperactive movement and anxiolytic-like behaviors with α-synuclein aggregation in midbrain. A total of 317,759 total and 289,207 unique small RNA sequences in the midbrain of mice were identified by high-throughput deep sequencing. We found 644 miRNAs were significantly changed in the transgenic mice. Based on the conserved characteristic of miRNAs, we selected 11 candidates from the 40 remarkably expressed miRNAs and explored their expression in 44 CSF samples collected from PD patients. The results revealed that 11 microRNAs were differently expressed in CSF, emphatically as miR-144-5p, miR-200a-3p and miR-542-3p, which were dramatically up-regulated in both A53T-transgenic mice and PD patients, and had a helpful accuracy for the PD prediction. The ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of PD has strong correlation with an up-expression of miR-144-5p, miR-200a-3p and miR-542-3p in CSF. Taken together, our data suggested that miRNAs in CSF, such as miR-144-5p, miR-200a-3p and miR-542-3p, may be useful to the PD diagnosis as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Luan Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Anatomy & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
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345
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Riancho J, Vázquez-Higuera JL, Pozueta A, Lage C, Kazimierczak M, Bravo M, Calero M, Gonalezález A, Rodríguez E, Lleó A, Sánchez-Juan P. MicroRNA Profile in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Analysis of miR-9-5p and miR-598 in Raw and Exosome Enriched Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:483-491. [PMID: 28269782 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have been postulated as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exosomes are nanovesicles which transport microRNAs, proteins, and other cargos. It has been hypothesized that the exosome traffic might be increased in neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE i) To assess the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microRNA profile in a group of AD patients and control subjects and to validate a group of microRNAs previously reported by other authors. ii) To compare microRNA levels in whole CSF and in the exosome-enriched fraction in AD patients. METHODS A panel of 760 microRNAs was analyzed in the CSF of 10 AD patients and 10 healthy subjects. Among microRNAs differently expressed, we selected those that had been previously reported by other authors. Candidates were validated in a larger group by individual qPCR assays. MicroRNA expression was also evaluated in exosome-enriched CSF samples of patients with AD and controls. RESULTS Fifteen microRNAs were differently expressed in AD. MiR-9-5p, miR-134, and miR-598 were selected as candidates for further analysis. MiR-9-5p and miR-598 were detected in 50 and 75% of control CSF samples, respectively, while they were not detected in any AD CSF samples. We observed an opposite pattern when we evaluated the microRNA expression in the exosome-enriched CSF AD samples. No pattern variations were noted among healthy subjects. CONCLUSION These data propose miR-9-5p and miR-598 as potential biomarkers for AD. Further studies in plasma and other body fluids will confirm their potential role as easily accessible biomarkers. In addition, our data suggest that exosome trafficking is different between AD and control subjects raising the need to take this phenomenon into consideration in future studies of AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Ana Pozueta
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Martha Kazimierczak
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - María Bravo
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- CIBERNED; National Institute of Health Carlos III; Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation; Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center; Chronic Disease Programme Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Gonalezález
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodríguez
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
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346
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Yan S, Zhang H, Xie W, Meng F, Zhang K, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhang J. Altered microRNA profiles in plasma exosomes from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4136-4146. [PMID: 27926529 PMCID: PMC5354818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE-HS) is the most common type of focal epilepsy. The present study aimed to explore the expression and functions of exosomal microRNAs in mTLE-HS. A total of 50 microRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in mTLE-HS compared with healthy controls. Among them, 2 were increased and 48 were decreased. The 6 significant differentially expressed candidate microRNAs (miR-3613-5p, miR-4668-5p, miR-8071, miR-197-5p, miR-4322, and miR-6781-5p ) in exosome were validated. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the potential target genes of these microRNAs were involved in biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. Similarly, these microRNAs also affected axon guidance, pathways in cancer, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, the calcium signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Among 6 candidate microRNAs, miR-8071 had the best diagnostic value for mTLE-HS with 83.33% sensitivity and 96.67% specificity, and was associated with seizure severity. This study indicated that exosomal microRNAs, may be regulators for the seizure development in mTLE-HS, and can be used as potential therapeutic targets and biomarker for diagnosis in mTLE-HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qian Fo Shan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Jiang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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347
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Kim TW, Lee SJ, Kim JT, Kim SJ, Min JK, Bae KH, Jung H, Kim BY, Lim JS, Yang Y, Yoon DY, Choe YK, Lee HG. Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 induces chemotherapeutic resistance by attenuating auranofin-induced cell death through activation of autophagy in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85332-85348. [PMID: 27863404 PMCID: PMC5356740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) is a biomarker of gastric cancer associated with poor prognosis. Mechanisms by which KLK6 could be exploited for chemotherapeutic use are unclear. We evaluated auranofin (AF), a compound with cytotoxic effects, in KLK6-deficient cells, and we investigated whether KLK6 expression induces autophagy and acquisition of drug resistance in gastric cancer. Using cultured human cells and a mouse xenograft model, we investigated how KLK6 affects antitumor-reagent-induced cell death and autophagy. Expression levels of KLK6, p53, and autophagy marker LC3B were determined in gastric cancer tissues. We analyzed the effects of knockdown/overexpression of KLK6, LC3B, and p53 on AF-induced cell death in cancer cells. Increased KLK6 expression in human gastric cancer tissues and cells inhibited AF-induced cell motility due to increased autophagy and p53 levels. p53 dependent induction of KLK6 expression increased autophagy and drug resistance, whereas KLK6 silencing decreased the autophagy level and increased drug sensitivity. During AF-induced cell death, KLK6 and LC3B colocalized to autophagosomes, associated with p53, and were then trafficked to the cytosol. In the xenograft model of gastric cancer, KLK6 expression decreased AF-induced cell death and KLK6-induced autophagy increased AF resistance. Taken together, the data suggest that the induction of autophagic processes through KLK6 expression may increase acquisition of resistance to AF. Our findings may contribute to a new paradigm for tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyung Choe
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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348
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Liang H, Ding B, Liang J, Shi X, Jiang X, Gao Y. MicroRNA-10a inhibits A30P α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity by targeting proapoptotic protein BCL2L11. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:624-633. [PMID: 31938148 PMCID: PMC6958036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder around the world, and is characterized by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Certain microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in the post-mortem brain tissues of patients with PD and in vivo PD model mice. However, the role of brain-enriched miRNA (miR)-10a in PD has not been studied. To investigate the regulatory role of miR-10a on α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathology of PD, the present study aimed to examine whether upregulation of miR-10a attenuated A30P α-syn mutant aggregation and cellular toxicity. miRNA expression analysis by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that miR-10a expression was decreased in the midbrain of A30P α-syn transgenic mice and in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells transfected with A30P α-syn. In addition, miR-10a mimics were used to upregulate miR-10a expression. It was revealed that the upregulation of miR-10a suppressed α-syn intracellular accumulation and toxicity in α-syn-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, miR-10a overexpression resulted in a reversal of the A30P α-syn-induced upregulation of proapoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3 expression and downregulation of antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) expression. A luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that BCL2-like 11 (BCL2L11), an apoptosis inducer, was a novel target gene of miR-10a. A30P α-syn aggregation and toxicity were alleviated by knocking down endogenous BCL2L11 in SH-SY5Y cells using a small interfering RNA specific for BCL2L11. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that miR-10a may serve a functional role in α-syn-induced neuronal pathology by inhibiting expression of BCL2L11 and that upregulation of miR-10a expression may be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Bingqian Ding
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wugang People’s HospitalPingdingshan, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan UniversityKaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
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Reed ER, Latourelle JC, Bockholt JH, Bregu J, Smock J, Paulsen JS, Myers RH. MicroRNAs in CSF as prodromal biomarkers for Huntington disease in the PREDICT-HD study. Neurology 2018; 90:e264-e272. [PMID: 29282329 PMCID: PMC5798654 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of microRNA (miRNA) levels in CSF as biomarkers for prodromal Huntington disease (HD). METHODS miRNA levels were measured in CSF from 60 PREDICT-HD study participants using the HTG protocol. Using a CAG-Age Product score, 30 prodromal HD participants were selected based on estimated probability of imminent clinical diagnosis of HD (i.e., low, medium, high; n = 10/group). For comparison, participants already diagnosed (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15) were also selected. RESULTS A total of 2,081 miRNAs were detected and 6 were significantly increased in the prodromal HD gene expansion carriers vs controls at false discovery rate q < 0.05 (miR-520f-3p, miR-135b-3p, miR-4317, miR-3928-5p, miR-8082, miR-140-5p). Evaluating the miRNA levels in each of the HD risk categories, all 6 revealed a pattern of increasing abundance from control to low risk, and from low risk to medium risk, which then leveled off from the medium to high risk and HD diagnosed groups. CONCLUSIONS This study reports miRNAs as CSF biomarkers of prodromal and diagnosed HD. Importantly, miRNAs were detected in the prodromal HD groups furthest from diagnosis where treatments are likely to be most consequential and meaningful. The identification of potential biomarkers in the disease prodrome may prove useful in evaluating treatments that may postpone disease onset. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT00051324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Reed
- From the Bioinformatics Program (E.R.R., R.H.M.), Boston University; Department of Neurology (J.C.L., J.B., R.H.M.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.H.B., J.S.P.) and Internal Medicine (J.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Jeanne C Latourelle
- From the Bioinformatics Program (E.R.R., R.H.M.), Boston University; Department of Neurology (J.C.L., J.B., R.H.M.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.H.B., J.S.P.) and Internal Medicine (J.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Jeremy H Bockholt
- From the Bioinformatics Program (E.R.R., R.H.M.), Boston University; Department of Neurology (J.C.L., J.B., R.H.M.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.H.B., J.S.P.) and Internal Medicine (J.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Joli Bregu
- From the Bioinformatics Program (E.R.R., R.H.M.), Boston University; Department of Neurology (J.C.L., J.B., R.H.M.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.H.B., J.S.P.) and Internal Medicine (J.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Justin Smock
- From the Bioinformatics Program (E.R.R., R.H.M.), Boston University; Department of Neurology (J.C.L., J.B., R.H.M.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.H.B., J.S.P.) and Internal Medicine (J.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Jane S Paulsen
- From the Bioinformatics Program (E.R.R., R.H.M.), Boston University; Department of Neurology (J.C.L., J.B., R.H.M.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.H.B., J.S.P.) and Internal Medicine (J.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
| | - Richard H Myers
- From the Bioinformatics Program (E.R.R., R.H.M.), Boston University; Department of Neurology (J.C.L., J.B., R.H.M.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.H.B., J.S.P.) and Internal Medicine (J.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
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Waller R, Wyles M, Heath PR, Kazoka M, Wollff H, Shaw PJ, Kirby J. Small RNA Sequencing of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Cerebrospinal Fluid Reveals Differentially Expressed miRNAs Related to Neural and Glial Activity. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:731. [PMID: 29375285 PMCID: PMC5767269 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinical subtype of motor neurone disease (MND), a fatal neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of both the upper and lower motor neurones from the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Identifying specific disease biomarkers would help to not only improve diagnostic delay but also to classify disease subtypes, monitor response to therapeutic drugs and track disease progression. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA responsible for regulating gene expression and ultimately protein expression and have been used as biomarkers for many cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Investigating the detection of miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that bathes the central nervous system (CNS) is a prime target for identifying potential biomarkers for ALS. This is the first study to investigate the expression of miRNAs in the CSF of ALS patients using small RNA sequencing. We detected 11 differentially expressed miRNAs in the CSF of sporadic ALS (sALS) patients related to neural and glial activity. Additionally, miRNAs involved in glucose metabolism and the regulation of oxidative stress were also identified. Detecting the presence of potential CSF derived miRNA biomarkers in sALS could open up a whole new area of knowledge to help gain a better understanding of disease pathophysiology. Additionally, with further investigation, the tracking of CSF miRNA over the disease course could be used to follow the disease progression and monitor the effect of novel therapeutics that could be personalized to an individual disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Waller
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wyles
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Heath
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mbombe Kazoka
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Wollff
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Kirby
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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