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Abstract
Efforts to understand autoimmunity have been pursued relentlessly for several decades. It has become apparent that the immune system evolved multiple mechanisms for controlling self-reactivity, and defects in one or more of these mechanisms can lead to a breakdown of tolerance. Among the multitude of lesions associated with disease, the most common seem to affect peripheral tolerance rather than central tolerance. The initial trigger for both systemic autoimmune disorders and organ-specific autoimmune disorders probably involves the recognition of self or foreign molecules, especially nucleic acids, by innate sensors. Such recognition, in turn, triggers inflammatory responses and the engagement of previously quiescent autoreactive T cells and B cells. Here we summarize the most prominent autoimmune pathways and identify key issues that require resolution for full understanding of pathogenic autoimmunity.
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Liu J, Berthier CC, Kahlenberg JM. Enhanced Inflammasome Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Mediated via Type I Interferon-Induced Up-Regulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1840-1849. [PMID: 28564495 DOI: 10.1002/art.40166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inflammasome complex is a driver of organ damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although type I interferons (IFNs) are well established as mediators of SLE pathogenesis, their role in inflammasome activation in SLE has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to examine type I IFNs as regulators of the inflammasome. METHODS SLE patients fulfilled ≥4 American College of Rheumatology criteria and were recruited from the University of Michigan Lupus Cohort. Primary monocytes were isolated from SLE patients or healthy controls by negative selection, treated with inflammasome activators in the presence or absence of IFNα, and IL-1β secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression levels of IFN and inflammasome-related molecules were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) expression was specifically down-regulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and a chemical inhibitor. RESULTS Monocytes from patients with SLE exhibited increased expression and enhanced activation of the inflammasome by ATP when compared with control monocytes. Expression of inflammasome and IFN-regulated genes was significantly correlated in monocytes from SLE patients but not in control monocytes. Inflammasome activity was increased after prolonged exposure to IFNα. Reduction of IRF-1 expression via siRNA blocked caspase 1 up-regulation after treatment with IFNα. Importantly, hyperactivity of the inflammasome in the monocytes of SLE patients was significantly reduced after knockdown or inhibition of IRF-1. CONCLUSION Prolonged type I IFN exposure, as seen in SLE patients, primes monocytes for robust inflammasome activation in an IRF-1-dependent manner. IRF-1 inhibition may serve as a novel target for treatment of SLE-associated inflammation and organ damage.
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Beyond Immune Cell Migration: The Emerging Role of the Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor S1PR4 as a Modulator of Innate Immune Cell Activation. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6059203. [PMID: 28848247 PMCID: PMC5564090 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6059203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) emerges as an important regulator of immunity, mainly by signaling through a family of five specific G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5). While S1P signaling generally has the potential to affect not only trafficking but also differentiation, activation, and survival of a diverse range of immune cells, the specific outcome depends on the S1P receptor repertoire expressed on a given cell. Among the S1PRs, S1PR4 is specifically abundant in immune cells, suggesting a major role of the S1P/S1PR4 axis in immunity. Recent studies indeed highlight its role in activation of immune cells, differentiation, and, potentially, trafficking. In this review, we summarize the emerging data that support a major role of S1PR4 in modulating immunity in humans and mice and discuss therapeutic implications.
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304
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Liu H, Xu R, Kong Q, Liu J, Yu Z, Zhao C. Downregulated NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways in the development and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:619-626. [PMID: 28783585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways may play an important role in the development and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, relative research is rare. METHODS The blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and granulocytes (GCs) were collected from T1DM patients. The mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The NLRP3/NLRP1was knocked down by transfected with siRNA, or ovexpressed by infected with lentiviral vectors in PBMCs and GCs from non obese diabetic (NOD) mice, respectively. The occurrence of diabetes was evaluated and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance was tested in NOD mice with IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-M deficiency (IRAK-M-/-). The pancreas and lymphonodus of IRAK-M-/- NOD mice were also collected for detection of NLRP3/NLRP1 expression. RESULTS NLRP3, NLRP1, Caspase-1and IL-1β were significantly downregulated in the PBMCs and GCs of patients with T1DM, and NLRP3 and NLRP1 were markedly downregulated in T1DM patients with DKA compared to that with ND and CC. Further study indicated that IL-1β mRNA expression level was positively correlated with the expression levels of NLRP3, NLRP1 and Caspase-1. Besides, NLRP3/NLRP1 knockdown decreased the expression levels of Caspase-1 and IL-1β; whereas NLRP3/NLRP1 overexpression increased the expression levels of Caspase-1 and IL-1β in vitro. IRAK-M-/- NOD mice had early onset and rapid progression of T1DM, and weak glucose tolerance, which was regarded as an early T1D mouse model. The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, NLRP1, Caspase-1and IL-1β in the pancreas and lymphonodus of IRAK-M-/- NOD mice were significantly higher compared to that of IRAK-M+/+ NOD mice. CONCLUSION NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways were associated with the development and progression of T1DM, which response as protective factors in the early stage of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ruiying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Cuifen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Mohammadi S, Ebadpour MR, Sedighi S, Saeedi M, Memarian A. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper expression is associated with response to treatment and immunoregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1765-1772. [PMID: 28601944 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder in which cytokine balance is disturbed. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are shown to balance immune response by transcriptional regulation of glucocorticoid receptor target genes such as Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) which has been introduced as an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator. In the present study, we assessed the expression of GILZ in association with interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukine-10 (IL-10), and B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) plasma levels in SLE patients. A total of 40 female patients (18 under treatment and 22 newly diagnosed) were recruited in this study. Real-time RT PCR was conducted to quantify the mRNA expression of GILZ. The plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and BLyS were evaluated using ELISA method. GILZ was overexpressed among under treatment SLE patients. The mRNA expression of GILZ was significantly correlated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. IFN-γ and BLyS were downregulated in response to therapies with negative correlations to GILZ. Moreover, IL-10 was upregulated among treated patients. The levels of IFN-γ and BLyS were correlated with the severity of disease, while IL-10 was negatively correlated with SLEDAI score. GILZ could be introduced as one of the acting molecules in mediating the regulatory effects of GCs on producing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ebadpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Joint, Bone and Connective tissue Research Center (JBCRC), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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306
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With advancement in our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there is tremendous enthusiasm in examining drugs, old and new, to improve outcomes. This review highlights recent trials' successes and impasses that have come to fore. RECENT FINDINGS Among B-cell therapies, belimumab continues its run of successes with sustained safety and tolerability documented in a long-term extension as well as the likely approval of a subcutaneous formulation in the near future. With greater antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and less immunogenicity, there is hope for obinituzumab to succeed where its anti-CD 20 predecessors have failed. Drugs targeting type I interferons - sifalimumab and anifrolumab - have been efficacious albeit with an increase in incidence of Herpes zoster infections. There is also renewed interest in evaluating the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitors, specifically tacrolimus in the induction and maintenance of lupus nephritis. Introspection into clinical trial designs have highlighted the effects of entry criteria, end points, background medications and geographical differences on study outcomes. SUMMARY There are at least 50 drugs and targets being evaluated in SLE. In addition to developing new drugs to treat lupus, future trials have to focus on more effective study designs to improve chances of trial success.
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307
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Furie R, Khamashta M, Merrill JT, Werth VP, Kalunian K, Brohawn P, Illei GG, Drappa J, Wang L, Yoo S. Anifrolumab, an Anti-Interferon-α Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, in Moderate-to-Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:376-386. [PMID: 28130918 PMCID: PMC5299497 DOI: 10.1002/art.39962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of anifrolumab, a type I interferon (IFN) receptor antagonist, in a phase IIb, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of adults with moderate‐to‐severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Patients (n = 305) were randomized to receive intravenous anifrolumab (300 mg or 1,000 mg) or placebo, in addition to standard therapy, every 4 weeks for 48 weeks. Randomization was stratified by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 score (<10 or ≥10), oral corticosteroid dosage (<10 or ≥10 mg/day), and type I IFN gene signature test status (high or low) based on a 4‐gene expression assay. The primary end point was the percentage of patients achieving an SLE Responder Index (SRI[4]) response at week 24 with sustained reduction of oral corticosteroids (<10 mg/day and less than or equal to the dose at week 1 from week 12 through 24). Other end points (including SRI[4], British Isles Lupus Assessment Group [BILAG]–based Composite Lupus Assessment [BICLA], modified SRI[6], and major clinical response) were assessed at week 52. The primary end point was analyzed in the modified intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population and type I IFN–high subpopulation. The study result was considered positive if the primary end point was met in either of the 2 study populations. The Type I error rate was controlled at 0.10 (2‐sided), within each of the 2 study populations for the primary end point analysis. Results The primary end point was met by more patients treated with anifrolumab (34.3% of 99 for 300 mg and 28.8% of 104 for 1,000 mg) than placebo (17.6% of 102) (P = 0.014 for 300 mg and P = 0.063 for 1,000 mg, versus placebo), with greater effect size in patients with a high IFN signature at baseline (13.2% in placebo‐treated patients versus 36.0% [P = 0.004] and 28.2% [P = 0.029]) in patients treated with anifrolumab 300 mg and 1,000 mg, respectively. At week 52, patients treated with anifrolumab achieved greater responses in SRI(4) (40.2% versus 62.6% [P < 0.001] and 53.8% [P = 0.043] with placebo, anifrolumab 300 mg, and anifrolumab 1,000 mg, respectively), BICLA (25.7% versus 53.5% [P < 0.001] and 41.2% [P = 0.018], respectively), modified SRI(6) (28.4% versus 49.5% [P = 0.002] and 44.7% [P = 0.015], respectively), major clinical response (BILAG 2004 C or better in all organ domains from week 24 through week 52) (6.9% versus 19.2% [P = 0.012] and 17.3% [P = 0.025], respectively), and several other global and organ‐specific end points. Herpes zoster was more frequent in the anifrolumab‐treated patients (2.0% with placebo treatment versus 5.1% and 9.5% with anifrolumab 300 mg and 1,000 mg, respectively), as were cases reported as influenza (2.0% versus 6.1% and 7.6%, respectively), in the anifrolumab treatment groups. Incidence of serious adverse events was similar between groups (18.8% versus 16.2% and 17.1%, respectively). Conclusion Anifrolumab substantially reduced disease activity compared with placebo across multiple clinical end points in the patients with moderate‐to‐severe SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Furie
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Victoria P Werth
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kenneth Kalunian
- University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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Mavragani CP, Sagalovskiy I, Guo Q, Nezos A, Kapsogeorgou EK, Lu P, Liang Zhou J, Kirou KA, Seshan SV, Moutsopoulos HM, Crow MK. Expression of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1 Retroelements and Induction of Type I Interferon in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2686-2696. [PMID: 27338297 DOI: 10.1002/art.39795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased expression of type I interferon (IFN) and a broad signature of type I IFN-induced gene transcripts are observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other systemic autoimmune diseases. To identify disease-relevant triggers of the type I IFN pathway, this study sought to investigate whether endogenous virus-like genomic repeat elements, normally silent, are expressed in patients with systemic autoimmune disease, and whether these retroelements could activate an innate immune response and induce type I IFN. METHODS Expression of type I IFN and long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1; L1) was studied by polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in samples of kidney tissue from patients with lupus nephritis and minor salivary gland (MSG) tissue from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Induction of type I IFN by L1 was investigated by transfection of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) or monocytes with an L1-encoding plasmid or L1 RNA. Involvement of innate immune pathways and altered L1 methylation were assessed. RESULTS Levels of L1 messenger RNA transcripts were increased in lupus nephritis kidneys and in MSG tissue from patients with SS. Transcript expression correlated with the expression of type I IFN and L1 DNA demethylation. L1 open-reading frame 1/p40 protein and IFNβ were expressed in MSG ductal epithelial cells and in lupus nephritis kidneys, and IFNα was detected in infiltrating PDCs. Transfection of PDCs or monocytes with L1-encoding DNA or RNA induced type I IFN. Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7)/TLR-8 reduced the induction of IFNα by L1 in PDCs, and an inhibitor of IKKε/TANK-binding kinase 1 abrogated the induction of type I IFN by L1 RNA in monocytes. CONCLUSION L1 genomic repeat elements represent endogenous nucleic acid triggers of the type I IFN pathway in SLE and SS and may contribute to initiation or amplification of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio P Mavragani
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Qiu Guo
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Adrianos Nezos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Pin Lu
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary K Crow
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.
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309
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Khoryati L, Augusto JF, Shipley E, Contin-Bordes C, Douchet I, Mitrovic S, Truchetet ME, Lazaro E, Duffau P, Couzi L, Jacquemin C, Barnetche T, Vacher P, Schaeverbeke T, Blanco P, Richez C. IgE Inhibits Toll-like Receptor 7- and Toll-like Receptor 9-Mediated Expression of Interferon-α by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2221-31. [PMID: 26991804 DOI: 10.1002/art.39679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) play a central role in pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through their unique ability to produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN) upon Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) and TLR-9 triggering. PDCs express specific surface regulatory receptors involved in negative regulation of IFNα secretion. These receptors use the γ-chain of high-affinity Fc receptor (FcR) for IgE, FcɛRI. We undertook this study to test our hypothesis that IgE engagement of FcɛRI on PDCs may impact IFNα production in SLE patients. METHODS Serum levels of total IgE were measured in healthy volunteers, SLE patients, and patients with IgE-dependent allergic disorders. FcɛRI expression on PDCs from SLE patients was evaluated by flow cytometry. Purified PDCs were incubated with monoclonal IgE for 24 hours, then stimulated for 18 hours with TLR agonists or immune complexes (ICs). IFNα production by PDCs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of TLR-7, TLR-9, and IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) in PDCs was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS We observed significantly higher IgE levels in SLE patients with quiescent disease than in those with active disease. In SLE patients, IgE levels correlated inversely with disease activity. IgE levels were not associated with the presence of antinuclear IgE. Purified PDCs treated for 24 hours with monoclonal IgE up-regulated FcɛRI expression in an IgE dose-dependent manner. IgE-treated PDCs significantly decreased IFNα secretion and down-regulated CCR7 expression upon stimulation with TLR-7 and TLR-9 ligands and ICs from lupus patients. IgE treatment down-regulated expression of TLR-9 and IRF-7. CONCLUSION Our results support the notion that IgE plays a protective role in SLE pathogenesis through the modulation of inflammatory response by PDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Khoryati
- Université de Bordeaux and Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Emilie Shipley
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Stéphane Mitrovic
- Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clément Jacquemin
- Université de Bordeaux and Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pierre Vacher
- Université de Bordeaux and INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Schaeverbeke
- Université de Bordeaux and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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310
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Moffett HF, Cartwright ANR, Kim HJ, Godec J, Pyrdol J, Äijö T, Martinez GJ, Rao A, Lu J, Golub TR, Cantor H, Sharpe AH, Novina CD, Wucherpfennig KW. The microRNA miR-31 inhibits CD8 + T cell function in chronic viral infection. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:791-799. [PMID: 28530712 PMCID: PMC5753758 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During infection, antigen-specific T cells undergo tightly regulated developmental transitions controlled by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. We found that the microRNA miR-31 was strongly induced by activation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) in a pathway involving calcium and activation of the transcription factor NFAT. During chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13, miR-31-deficent mice recovered from clinical disease, while wild-type mice continued to show signs of disease. This disease phenotype was explained by the presence of larger numbers of cytokine-secreting LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells in miR-31-deficent mice than in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, miR-31 increased the sensitivity of T cells to type I interferons, which interfered with effector T cell function and increased the expression of several proteins related to T cell dysfunction during chronic infection. These studies identify miR-31 as an important regulator of T cell exhaustion in chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howell F Moffett
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam N R Cartwright
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jernej Godec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Pyrdol
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tarmo Äijö
- Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland
| | - Gustavo J Martinez
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anjana Rao
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harvey Cantor
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl D Novina
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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311
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Østergaard O, Nielsen CT, Tanassi JT, Iversen LV, Jacobsen S, Heegaard NHH. Distinct proteome pathology of circulating microparticles in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Proteomics 2017. [PMID: 28649187 PMCID: PMC5479039 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly understood but has been linked to defective clearance of subcellular particulate material from the circulation. This study investigates the origin, formation, and specificity of circulating microparticles (MPs) in patients with SLE based on comprehensive MP proteome profiling using patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthy donors (HC) as controls. Methods We purified MPs from platelet-poor plasma using differential centrifugation of samples from SLE (n = 45), SSc (n = 38), and two sets of HC (n = 35, n = 25). MP proteins were identified and quantitated after trypsin digestion by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The abundance of specific proteins was compared between the groups using univariate statistics and false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. Specific proteins and protein ratios were explored for diagnostic and disease activity information using receiver-operating characteristic curves and by analysis of correlations of protein abundance with disease activity scores. Results We identify and quantitate more than 1000 MP proteins and show that a subpopulation of SLE-MPs (which we propose to call luposomes) are highly specific for SLE, i.e. not found in MP preparations from HC or patients with another autoimmune, systemic disease, SSc. In SLE-MPs platelet proteins and mitochondrial proteins are significantly diminished, cytoskeletal proteins deranged, and glycolytic enzymes and apoptotic proteins significantly increased. Conclusions Normal MPs are efficiently removed in SLE, but aberrant MPs, derived from non-lymphoid leukocytes, are less efficiently removed and abundantly produced leading to an altered MP proteome in SLE. The data suggest that an abnormal generation of MPs may partake in the pathology of SLE and that new diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment strategies targeting these processes may be advantageous. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-017-9159-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Østergaard
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Tandrup Nielsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia T Tanassi
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line V Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H H Heegaard
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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312
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Arriens C, Wren JD, Munroe ME, Mohan C. Systemic lupus erythematosus biomarkers: the challenging quest. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:i32-i45. [PMID: 28013203 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SLE, a multisystem heterogeneous disease, is characterized by production of antibodies to cellular components, with activation of both the innate and the adaptive immune system. Decades of investigation of blood biomarkers has resulted in incremental improvements in the understanding of SLE. Owing to the heterogeneity of immune dysregulation, no single biomarker has emerged as a surrogate for disease activity or prediction of disease. Beyond identification of surrogate biomarkers, a multitude of clinical trials have sought to inhibit elevated SLE biomarkers for therapeutic benefit. Armed with new -omics technologies, the necessary yet daunting quest to identify better surrogate biomarkers and successful therapeutics for SLE continues with tenacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Arriens
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation.,Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Melissa E Munroe
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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313
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Celhar T, Fairhurst AM. Modelling clinical systemic lupus erythematosus: similarities, differences and success stories. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:i88-i99. [PMID: 28013204 PMCID: PMC5410990 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of SLE have been indispensable tools to study disease pathogenesis, to identify genetic susceptibility loci and targets for drug development, and for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics. Recent insights into immunological mechanisms of disease progression have boosted a revival in SLE drug development. Despite promising results in mouse studies, many novel drugs have failed to meet clinical end points. This is probably because of the complexity of the disease, which is driven by polygenic predisposition and diverse environmental factors, resulting in a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Each mouse model recapitulates limited aspects of lupus, especially in terms of the mechanism underlying disease progression. The main mouse models have been fairly successful for the evaluation of broad-acting immunosuppressants. However, the advent of targeted therapeutics calls for a selection of the most appropriate model(s) for testing and, ultimately, identification of patients who will be most likely to respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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314
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Chauhan AK. FcγRIIIa Signaling Modulates Endosomal TLR Responses in Human CD4 + T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:4596-4606. [PMID: 28500073 PMCID: PMC5505339 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of Ab-opsonized pathogens by immune cells triggers both TLR and Fc receptor signaling. Fc receptors endocytose modified nucleic acids bound to Abs and deliver them to endosomes, where they are recognized by nucleic acid-sensing TLRs (NA-TLRs). We show that in CD4+ T cells, NA-TLRs, TLR3, TLR8, and TLR9 are upregulated by FcγRIIIa-pSyk cosignaling and localize with FcγRIIIa on the cell surface. TLR9 accumulates on the cell surface, where it recognizes CpG oligonucleotide 2006. Subcellular location of NA-TLRs is a key determinant in discriminating self versus viral nucleic acid. Hydroxychloroquine used for treating systemic lupus erythematosus and a Syk inhibitor blocked NA-TLR localization with FcγRIIIa. Engaging TLR9 with CpG oligonucleotide contributes to the development of IL17A+ and IL-21+ populations. RNA-sequencing analysis showed upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB signaling, and heat shock protein pathway RNA transcripts. These data suggest a role for FcγRIIIa-pSyk cosignaling in modulating NA-TLR responses in human CD4+ T cells by affecting the amounts and cellular distribution. These events are important for understanding of autoimmune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chauhan
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104; and
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
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315
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Li Y, Wilson HL, Kiss-Toth E. Regulating STING in health and disease. J Inflamm (Lond) 2017; 14:11. [PMID: 28596706 PMCID: PMC5463399 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of cytosolic double-stranded DNA molecules can trigger multiple innate immune signalling pathways which converge on the activation of an ER-resident innate immune adaptor named "STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING)". STING has been found to mediate type I interferon response downstream of cyclic dinucleotides and a number of DNA and RNA inducing signalling pathway. In addition to its physiological function, a rapidly increasing body of literature highlights the role for STING in human disease where variants of the STING proteins, as well as dysregulated STING signalling, have been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases. This review will summarise the recent structural and functional findings of STING, and discuss how STING research has promoted the development of novel therapeutic approaches and experimental tools to improve treatment of tumour and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Infection; Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Heather L. Wilson
- Department of Infection; Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection; Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
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316
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Genetic similarities and differences between discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus patients within the Polish population. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:228-232. [PMID: 28670251 PMCID: PMC5471372 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2017.67479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many studies have shown that some SNPs might be a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but little is known about potential susceptibility loci of the skin types of the disease. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common form of the cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Nevertheless, a genetic contribution to DLE is not fully recognized. Aim We aimed to analyze three SNPs located in the STAT4 (rs7574865), ITGAM (rs1143679) and TNXB (rs1150754) genes in both DLE and SLE patients from Poland. Material and methods SNPs were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical significance of the differences between patient and control groups in both allele and genotype frequencies were calculated using two tailed Fisher’s exact test. The correction for multiple testing by the Bonferroni adjustment and odds ratio were also calculated. Results For the first time, we have shown that the polymorphisms located in the STAT4 (rs7574865), but not in the ITGAM (rs1143679) nor the TNXB (rs1150754) genes, might be associated with the development of DLE within the Polish population. The variation of the three investigated SNPs was found to be associated with SLE in our dataset. Conclusions The results of our study suggest differences in the molecular background between DLE and SLE within the Polish population.
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317
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Zhou X, Jiang Z. STING-mediated DNA sensing in cancer immunotherapy. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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318
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Mourik BC, Lubberts E, de Steenwinkel JEM, Ottenhoff THM, Leenen PJM. Interactions between Type 1 Interferons and the Th17 Response in Tuberculosis: Lessons Learned from Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:294. [PMID: 28424682 PMCID: PMC5380685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical paradigm of tuberculosis (TB) immunity, with a central protective role for Th1 responses and IFN-γ-stimulated cellular responses, has been challenged by unsatisfactory results of vaccine strategies aimed at enhancing Th1 immunity. Moreover, preclinical TB models have shown that increasing IFN-γ responses in the lungs is more damaging to the host than to the pathogen. Type 1 interferon signaling and altered Th17 responses have also been associated with active TB, but their functional roles in TB pathogenesis remain to be established. These two host responses have been studied in more detail in autoimmune diseases (AID) and show functional interactions that are of potential interest in TB immunity. In this review, we first identify the role of type 1 interferons and Th17 immunity in TB, followed by an overview of interactions between these responses observed in systemic AID. We discuss (i) the effects of GM-CSF-secreting Th17.1 cells and type 1 interferons on CCR2+ monocytes; (ii) convergence of IL-17 and type 1 interferon signaling on stimulating B-cell activating factor production and the central role of neutrophils in this process; and (iii) synergy between IL-17 and type 1 interferons in the generation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures and the associated follicular helper T-cell responses. Evaluation of these autoimmune-related pathways in TB pathogenesis provides a new perspective on recent developments in TB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas C Mourik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan E M de Steenwinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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319
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Smith S, Fernando T, Wu PW, Seo J, Ní Gabhann J, Piskareva O, McCarthy E, Howard D, O'Connell P, Conway R, Gallagher P, Molloy E, Stallings RL, Kearns G, Forbess L, Ishimori M, Venuturupalli S, Wallace D, Weisman M, Jefferies CA. MicroRNA-302d targets IRF9 to regulate the IFN-induced gene expression in SLE. J Autoimmun 2017; 79:105-111. [PMID: 28318807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease targeting multiple organs as a result of overactivation of the type I interferon (IFN) system, a feature currently being targeted by multiple biologic therapies against IFN-α. We have identified an estrogen-regulated microRNA, miR-302d, whose expression is decreased in SLE patient monocytes and identify its target as interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-9, a critical component of the transcriptional complex that regulates expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In keeping with the reduced expression of miR-302d in SLE patient monocytes, IRF9 levels were increased, as was expression of a number of ISGs including MX1 and OAS1. In vivo evaluation revealed that miR-302d protects against pristane-induced inflammation in mice by targeting IRF9 and hence ISG expression. Importantly, patients with enhanced disease activity have markedly reduced expression of miR-302d and enhanced IRF9 and ISG expression, with miR-302d negatively correlating with IFN score. Together these findings identify miR-302d as a key regulator of type I IFN driven gene expression via its ability to target IRF9 and regulate ISG expression, underscoring the importance of non-coding RNA in regulating the IFN pathway in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thilini Fernando
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pei Wen Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jane Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joan Ní Gabhann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Olga Piskareva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoghan McCarthy
- Department of Rheumatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Donough Howard
- Department of Rheumatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul O'Connell
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Richard Conway
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Phil Gallagher
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Molloy
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Raymond L Stallings
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Grainne Kearns
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lindsy Forbess
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mariko Ishimori
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Swamy Venuturupalli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Daniel Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael Weisman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Caroline A Jefferies
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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320
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Toro-Domínguez D, Carmona-Sáez P, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Support for phosphoinositol 3 kinase and mTOR inhibitors as treatment for lupus using in-silico drug-repurposing analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:54. [PMID: 28284231 PMCID: PMC5346251 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with few treatment options. Current therapies are not fully effective and show highly variable responses. In this regard, large efforts have focused on developing more effective therapeutic strategies. Drug repurposing based on the comparison of gene expression signatures is an effective technique for the identification of new therapeutic approaches. Here we present a drug-repurposing exploratory analysis using gene expression signatures from SLE patients to discover potential new drug candidates and target genes. Methods We collected a compendium of gene expression signatures comprising peripheral blood cells and different separate blood cell types from SLE patients. The Lincscloud database was mined to link SLE signatures with drugs, gene knock-down, and knock-in expression signatures. The derived dataset was analyzed in order to identify compounds, genes, and pathways that were significantly correlated with SLE gene expression signatures. Results We obtained a list of drugs that showed an inverse correlation with SLE gene expression signatures as well as a set of potential target genes and their associated biological pathways. The list includes drugs never or little studied in the context of SLE treatment, as well as recently studied compounds. Conclusion Our exploratory analysis provides evidence that phosphoinositol 3 kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors could be potential therapeutic options in SLE worth further future testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1263-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- Area of Medical Genomics, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain.,Bioinformatics Unit, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre of Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Carmona-Sáez
- Area of Medical Genomics, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain. .,Bioinformatics Unit, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre of Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Area of Medical Genomics, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain. .,Unit of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
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321
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Ekholm L, Vosslamber S, Tjärnlund A, de Jong TD, Betteridge Z, McHugh N, Plestilova L, Klein M, Padyukov L, Voskuyl AE, Bultink IEM, Michiel Pegtel D, Mavragani CP, Crow MK, Vencovsky J, Lundberg IE, Verweij CL. Autoantibody Specificities and Type I Interferon Pathway Activation in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Scand J Immunol 2017; 84:100-9. [PMID: 27173897 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myositis is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases, with different pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the different subsets of disease. The aim of this study was to test whether the autoantibody profile in patients with myositis is associated with a type I interferon (IFN) signature, as in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Patients with myositis were prospectively enrolled in the study and compared to healthy controls and to patients with SLE. Autoantibody status was analysed using an immunoassay system and immunoprecipitation. Type I IFN activity in whole blood was determined using direct gene expression analysis. Serum IFN-inducing activity was tested using peripheral blood cells from healthy donors. Blocking experiments were performed by neutralizing anti-IFNAR or anti-IFN-α antibodies. Patients were categorized into IFN high and IFN low based on an IFN score. Patients with autoantibodies against RNA-binding proteins had a higher IFN score compared to patients without these antibodies, and the IFN score was related to autoantibody multispecificity. Patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM) had a higher IFN score compared to the other subgroups. Serum type I IFN bioactivity was blocked by neutralizing anti-IFNAR or anti-IFN-α antibodies. To conclude, a high IFN score was not only associated with DM, as previously reported, and IBM, but also with autoantibody monospecificity against several RNA-binding proteins and with autoantibody multispecificity. These studies identify IFN-α in sera as a trigger for activation of the type I IFN pathway in peripheral blood and support IFN-α as a possible target for therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ekholm
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - S Vosslamber
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Tjärnlund
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - T D de Jong
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Z Betteridge
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - N McHugh
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - L Plestilova
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Klein
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - A E Voskuyl
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I E M Bultink
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C P Mavragani
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Experimental Physiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Vencovsky
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I E Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - C L Verweij
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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322
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Choubey D, Panchanathan R. Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins in SLE. Clin Immunol 2017; 176:42-48. [PMID: 28062222 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-α/β)-inducible PYRIN and HIN domain-containing protein family includes Absent in Melanoma 2 (murine Aim2 and human AIM2), murine p202, and human PYRIN-only protein 3 (POP3). The generation of Aim2-deficient mice indicated that the Aim2 protein is essential for inflammasome activation, resulting in the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and cell death by pyroptosis. Further, Aim2-deficiency also increased constitutive expression of the IFN-β and expression of the p202 protein. Notably, an increased expression of p202 protein in female mice associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE in patients is characterized by a constitutive increase in serum levels of IFN-α and an increase in the expression IFN-stimulated genes. Recent studies indicate that p202 and POP3 proteins inhibit activation of the Aim2/AIM2 inflammasome and promote IFN-β expression. Therefore, we discuss the role of Aim2/AIM2 proteins in the suppression of type I IFNs production and lupus susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Research Service, ML-151, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States.
| | - Ravichandran Panchanathan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Research Service, ML-151, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States
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323
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Morse ZJ, Horwitz MS. Innate Viral Receptor Signaling Determines Type 1 Diabetes Onset. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:249. [PMID: 29018409 PMCID: PMC5623193 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritable susceptibility of the autoimmune disorder, type 1 diabetes (T1D), only partially equates for the incidence of the disease. Significant evidence attributes several environmental stressors, such as vitamin D deficiency, gut microbiome, dietary antigens, and most notably virus infections in triggering the onset of T1D in these genetically susceptible individuals. Extensive epidemiological and clinical studies have provided credibility to this causal relationship. Infection by the enterovirus, coxsackievirus B, has been closely associated with onset of T1D and is considered a significant etiological agent for disease induction. Recognition of viral antigens via innate pathogen-recognition receptors induce inflammatory events which contribute to autoreactivity of pancreatic self-antigens and ultimately the destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells. The activation of these specific innate pathways and expression of inflammatory molecules, including type I and III interferon, prime the immune system to elicit either a protective regulatory response or a diabetogenic effector response. Therefore, sensing of viral antigens by retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and toll-like receptors may be detrimental to inducing autoreactivity initiated by viral stress and resulting in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Morse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc S. Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marc S. Horwitz,
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324
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Vlachogiannis NI, Nezos A, Tzioufas AG, Koutsilieris M, Moutsopoulos HM, Mavragani CP. Increased frequency of the PTPN22W* variant in primary Sjogren's Syndrome: Association with low type I IFN scores. Clin Immunol 2016; 173:157-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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325
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Buskiewicz IA, Montgomery T, Yasewicz EC, Huber SA, Murphy MP, Hartley RC, Kelly R, Crow MK, Perl A, Budd RC, Koenig A. Reactive oxygen species induce virus-independent MAVS oligomerization in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra115. [PMID: 27899525 PMCID: PMC5321043 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The increased expression of genes induced by type I interferon (IFN) is characteristic of viral infections and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We showed that mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, which normally forms a complex with retinoic acid gene I (RIG-I)-like helicases during viral infection, was activated by oxidative stress independently of RIG-I helicases. We found that chemically generated oxidative stress stimulated the formation of MAVS oligomers, which led to mitochondrial hyperpolarization and decreased adenosine triphosphate production and spare respiratory capacity, responses that were not observed in similarly treated cells lacking MAVS. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of SLE patients also showed spontaneous MAVS oligomerization that correlated with the increased secretion of type I IFN and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevented MAVS oligomerization and type I IFN production. ROS-dependent MAVS oligomerization and type I IFN production were reduced in cells expressing the MAVS-C79F variant, which occurs in 30% of sub-Saharan Africans and is linked with reduced type I IFN secretion and milder disease in SLE patients. Patients expressing the MAVS-C79F variant also had reduced amounts of oligomerized MAVS in their plasma compared to healthy controls. Together, our findings suggest that oxidative stress-induced MAVS oligomerization in SLE patients may contribute to the type I IFN signature that is characteristic of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona A Buskiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Theresa Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Yasewicz
- Department of Pathology, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sally A Huber
- Department of Pathology, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Upstate University Hospital, State University of New York, Rheumatology Clinic, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Mary K Crow
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Upstate University Hospital, State University of New York, Rheumatology Clinic, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Ralph C Budd
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Pathology, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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326
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Zickert A, Oke V, Parodis I, Svenungsson E, Sundström Y, Gunnarsson I. Interferon (IFN)-λ is a potential mediator in lupus nephritis. Lupus Sci Med 2016; 3:e000170. [PMID: 27933198 PMCID: PMC5133405 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2016-000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interferon (IFN)-α is thought to be central in the pathogenesis for lupus nephritis (LN) and recent studies also indicate a role for IFNλ. Little is known about these cytokines in the context of treatment response. We studied levels of IFNα and IFNλ in patients with LN in association with clinical and histological response (HR) to treatment. METHODS Fifty-six patients with active LN were included. Renal biopsies were performed at baseline and after immunosuppressive therapy. Serum levels of IFNα and IFNλ were analysed at both biopsy occasions and in 163 controls. The biopsies were evaluated according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification. Clinical response was defined according to recent definitions. HR was defined as class I, II or III/IV-C on repeat biopsies. The expression of IFNλ in renal tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS At baseline, serum levels of both IFNα and IFNλ were higher in patients versus controls (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). There was no correlation between IFNα and IFNλ. Overall, IFNα decreased after treatment (p=0.003) but IFNλ remained unchanged. However in patients with HR, IFNλ decreased (p=0.01). The highest levels of IFNλ were seen in patients with poor HR. Immunostaining of renal tissue revealed expression of IFNλ, particularly in crescent formations, inflammatory infiltrates and tubular cells. CONCLUSIONS The study supports a role for IFNλ in LN, both in circulation and at a tissue level. Levels of IFNα and IFNλ did not correlate and were affected differently by immunosuppression, indicating that they are differently involved in subgroups of LN. Persistent increased levels of IFNλ were associated to an unfavourable HR to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Zickert
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology , Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Vilija Oke
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology , Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ioannis Parodis
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology , Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology , Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Yvonne Sundström
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology , Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology , Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
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327
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Kröger W, Mapiye D, Entfellner JBD, Tiffin N. A meta-analysis of public microarray data identifies gene regulatory pathways deregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus compared to those without. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:66. [PMID: 27846842 PMCID: PMC5111272 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, multi-systemic, autoimmune disease for which the underlying aetiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The genetic and molecular processes underlying lupus have been extensively investigated using a variety of -omics approaches, including genome-wide association studies, candidate gene studies and microarray experiments of differential gene expression in lupus samples compared to controls. METHODS This study analyses a combination of existing microarray data sets to identify differentially regulated genetic pathways that are dysregulated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients compared to unaffected controls. Two statistical approaches, quantile discretisation and scaling, are used to combine publicly available expression microarray datasets and perform a meta-analysis of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes implicated in interferon signaling were identified by the meta-analysis, in agreement with the findings of the individual studies that generated the datasets used. In contrast to the individual studies, however, the meta-analysis and subsequent pathway analysis additionally highlighted TLR signaling, oxidative phosphorylation and diapedesis and adhesion regulatory networks as being differentially regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION Our analysis demonstrates that it is possible to derive additional information from publicly available expression data using meta-analysis techniques, which is particularly relevant to research into rare diseases where sample numbers can be limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Kröger
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute/Medical Research Council of South Africa Bioinformatics Capacity Development Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Darlington Mapiye
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute/Medical Research Council of South Africa Bioinformatics Capacity Development Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean-Baka Domelevo Entfellner
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute/Medical Research Council of South Africa Bioinformatics Capacity Development Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicki Tiffin
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute/Medical Research Council of South Africa Bioinformatics Capacity Development Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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328
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Corradetti C, Jog NR, Gallucci S, Madaio M, Balachandran S, Caricchio R. Immune-Mediated Nephropathy and Systemic Autoimmunity in Mice Does Not Require Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163611. [PMID: 27669412 PMCID: PMC5036882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune mediated nephropathy is one of the most serious manifestations of lupus and is characterized by severe inflammation and necrosis that, if untreated, eventually leads to renal failure. Although lupus has a higher incidence in women, both sexes can develop lupus glomerulonephritis; nephritis in men develops earlier and is more severe than in women. It is therefore important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating nephritis in each sex. Previous work by our lab found that the absence or pharmacological inhibition of Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1), an enzyme involved in DNA repair and necrotic cell death, affects only male mice and results in milder nephritis, with less in situ inflammation, and diminished incidence of necrotic lesions, allowing for higher survival rates. A second pathway mediating necrosis involves Receptor-Interacting Serine-Threonine Kinase 3 (RIPK3); in this study we sought to investigate the impact of RIPK3 on the development of lupus and nephritis in both sexes. To this end, we used two inducible murine models of lupus: chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD) and pristane-induced lupus; and nephrotoxic serum (NTS)-induced nephritis as a model of immune mediated nephropathy. We found that the absence of RIPK3 has neither positive nor negative impact on the disease development or progression of lupus and nephritis in all three models, and in both male and female mice. We conclude that RIPK3 is dispensable for the pathogenesis of lupus and immune mediated nephropathy as to accelerate, worsen or ameliorate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Corradetti
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology Section, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
| | - Neelakshi R. Jog
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
| | - Michael Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15 Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, United States of America
| | - Roberto Caricchio
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology Section, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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329
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Olferiev M, Jacek E, Kirou KA, Crow MK. Novel molecular signatures in mononuclear cell populations from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2016; 172:34-43. [PMID: 27576056 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To gain novel insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus we have analyzed gene expression data from isolated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD56+ NK-cell enriched peripheral blood cell fractions from patients and healthy donors. As predicted, type I interferon-inducible gene transcripts are overexpressed in all populations. Transcripts preferentially expressed in SLE CD4+ and CD8+ T cells include those associated with Tregulatory and Th17 effector cell programs, respectively, but in each case additional transcripts predicted to limit differentiation of those effector cells are detected. Evidence for involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was observed in both B and T cell fractions, and novel transcripts were identified in each cell population. These data point to disrupted T effector cell differentiation and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as contributors to immune dysfunction in SLE while further supporting a central role for the type I interferon pathway in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Olferiev
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elzbieta Jacek
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyriakos A Kirou
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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330
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Care MA, Stephenson SJ, Barnes NA, Fan I, Zougman A, El-Sherbiny YM, Vital EM, Westhead DR, Tooze RM, Doody GM. Network Analysis Identifies Proinflammatory Plasma Cell Polarization for Secretion of ISG15 in Human Autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:1447-59. [PMID: 27357150 PMCID: PMC4974491 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) as effectors of humoral immunity produce Igs to match pathogenic insult. Emerging data suggest more diverse roles exist for PCs as regulators of immune and inflammatory responses via secretion of factors other than Igs. The extent to which such responses are preprogrammed in B-lineage cells or can be induced in PCs by the microenvironment is unknown. In this study, we dissect the impact of IFNs on the regulatory networks of human PCs. We show that core PC programs are unaffected, whereas PCs respond to IFNs with distinctive transcriptional responses. The IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) system emerges as a major transcriptional output induced in a sustained fashion by IFN-α in PCs and linked both to intracellular conjugation and ISG15 secretion. This leads to the identification of ISG15-secreting plasmablasts/PCs in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, ISG15-secreting PCs represent a distinct proinflammatory PC subset providing an Ig-independent mechanism of PC action in human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Care
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie J Stephenson
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A Barnes
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Im Fan
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Zougman
- Section of Oncology and Clinical Research, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Yasser M El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and National Institute for Health Research Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and National Institute for Health Research Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - David R Westhead
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben M Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Gina M Doody
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom;
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331
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Conti F, Ceccarelli F, Iaiani G, Perricone C, Giordano A, Amori L, Miranda F, Massaro L, Pacucci VA, Truglia S, Girelli G, Fakeri A, Taliani G, Temperoni C, Spinelli FR, Alessandri C, Valesini G. Association between Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and disease phenotype in patients affected by systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:177. [PMID: 27475749 PMCID: PMC4967505 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a commensal bacterium representing one of the most important components of the skin microbiome, mostly isolated in the anterior nares. A higher rate of SA nasal colonization in patients affected by Wegener’s granulomatosis and rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy subjects (HS) has been described. No studies focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are available. We aimed at analyzing the prevalence of SA nasal carriers in an SLE cohort and evaluating correlation between nasal colonization and clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features. Methods We enrolled 84 patients with SLE (number of male/female patients 6/78; mean age 41.3 ± 12.2 years, mean disease duration 142.1 ± 103.8 months) and 154 HS blood donors. Patients with SLE underwent a physical examination and the clinical/laboratory data were collected. All the patients with SLE and the HS received a nasal swab for SA isolation and identification. Results SA nasal colonization prevalence was 21.4 % in patients with SLE and 28.6 % in HS (P not significant). We analyzed patients with SLE according to the presence (n = 18, SA-positive SLE) or the absence (n = 66, SA-negative SLE) of nasal colonization. Renal involvement was significantly more frequent in SA-positive SLE (11.6 % vs 3.0 %; P = 0.0009). Moreover, the presence of anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-RNP antibodies was significantly higher in SA-positive SLE (P < 0.0001, P = 0.01, P = 0.008, P = 0.03, P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion SA colonization is a relatively frequent condition in patients with SLE, with a frequency similar to HS. The presence of SA seems associated with a peculiar SLE phenotype characterized by renal manifestations and autoantibody positivity, confirming the role of the microbiome in disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Conti
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ceccarelli
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iaiani
- DAI Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giordano
- Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Amori
- Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Miranda
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Massaro
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Antonella Pacucci
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Truglia
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Girelli
- UOC Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Azis Fakeri
- UOC Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Taliani
- Dipartimento Medicina Clinica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Temperoni
- Dipartimento Medicina Clinica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Valesini
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Crow MK. Autoimmunity: Interferon α or β: which is the culprit in autoimmune disease? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:439-40. [PMID: 27411904 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA and at the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York, 10021, USA
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333
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Optimising B-cell depletion in autoimmune disease: is obinutuzumab the answer? Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1330-8. [PMID: 27343722 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), B-cell depletion therapy using rituximab results in variable clinical responses between individuals, which likely relates to variable B-cell depletion in the presence of immune defects. Outcomes in clinical trials with other type I anti-CD20 mAbs, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab, are comparable to rituximab. A mechanistically different type II mAb, obinutuzumab (OBZ), with greater capacity for B-cell depletion, has recently entered clinical trials in SLE. Here we consider whether type II anti-CD20 mAbs will provide mechanistic advantages to overcome the disease-related immune defects in autoimmune diseases such as SLE.
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334
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Gupta S, Kaplan MJ. The role of neutrophils and NETosis in autoimmune and renal diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:402-13. [PMID: 27241241 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders characterized by a failure in self-tolerance to a wide variety of autoantigens. In genetically predisposed individuals, these diseases occur as a multistep process in which environmental factors have key roles in the development of abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses. Experimental evidence collected in the past decade suggests that neutrophils - the most abundant type of white blood cell - might have an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases by contributing to the initiation and perpetuation of immune dysregulation through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and direct tissue damage. Many of the molecules externalized through NET formation are considered to be key autoantigens and might be involved in the generation of autoimmune responses in predisposed individuals. In several systemic autoimmune diseases, the imbalance between NET formation and degradation might increase the half-life of these lattices, which could enhance the exposure of the immune system to modified autoantigens and increase the capacity for NET-induced organ damage. This Review details the role of neutrophils and NETs in the pathophysiology of systemic autoimmune diseases, including their effect on renal damage, and discusses neutrophil targets as potential novel therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Room 6D 47C, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1930, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Room 6D 47C, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1930, USA
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335
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Tamura Y, Yoneda A, Takei N, Sawada K. Spatiotemporal Regulation of Hsp90-Ligand Complex Leads to Immune Activation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:201. [PMID: 27252703 PMCID: PMC4877505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although heat shock proteins (HSPs) primarily play a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis while reducing extracellular as well as intracellular stresses, their role in immunologically relevant scenarios, including activation of innate immunity as danger signals, antitumor immunity, and autoimmune diseases, is now gaining much attention. The most prominent feature of HSPs is that they function both in their own and as an HSP–ligand complex. We here show as a unique feature of extracellular HSPs that they target chaperoned molecules into a particular endosomal compartment of dendritic cells, thereby inducing innate and adaptive immune responses via spatiotemporal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Tamura
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for Innovation and Business Promotion, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoneda
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for Innovation and Business Promotion, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Norio Takei
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for Innovation and Business Promotion, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for Innovation and Business Promotion, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a heterogeneous group of common disorders defined by complex trait genetics and environmental effects. The genetic variants usually align in immune and metabolic pathways that affect cell survival or apoptosis and modulate leukocyte function. Nevertheless, the exact triggers of disease development remain poorly understood and the current therapeutic interventions only modify the disease course. Both the prevention and the cure of autoimmune disorders are beyond our present medical capabilities. In contrast, a growing number of single gene autoimmune disorders have also been identified and characterized in the last few decades. Mutations and other gene alterations exert significant effects in these conditions, and often affect genes involved in central or peripheral immunologic tolerance induction. Even though a single genetic abnormality may be the disease trigger, it usually upsets a number of interactions among immune cells, and the biological developments of these monogenic disorders are also complex. Nevertheless, identification of the triggering molecular abnormalities greatly contributes to our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and facilitates the development of newer and more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Plander
- a Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital , Szombathely , Hungary and
| | - Bernadette Kalman
- a Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital , Szombathely , Hungary and.,b University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
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337
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Saadeh D, Kurban M, Abbas O. Update on the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in inflammatory/autoimmune skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:415-21. [PMID: 26837058 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent a specialized dendritic cell population that exhibit plasma cell morphology, express CD4, CD123, blood-derived dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 within endosomal compartments. When activated, pDCs are capable of producing large quantities of type I IFNs (mainly IFN-α/β), which provide antiviral resistance and link the innate and adaptive immunity. While generally lacking from normal skin, pDCs infiltrate the skin and appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory, infectious (especially viral) and neoplastic entities. In recent years, pDC role in inflammatory/autoimmune skin conditions has been extensively studied. Unlike type I IFN-mediated protective immunity that pDCs provide at the level of the skin by regulated sensing of microbial or self-nucleic acids upon skin damage, excessive sensing may elicit IFN-driven inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. In this review, focus will be on the role of pDCs in cutaneous inflammatory/autoimmune dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Saadeh
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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338
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Thieblemont N, Wright HL, Edwards SW, Witko-Sarsat V. Human neutrophils in auto-immunity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:159-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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339
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Alunno A, Caneparo V, Bistoni O, Caterbi S, Terenzi R, Gariglio M, Bartoloni E, Manzo A, Landolfo S, Gerli R. Circulating Interferon-Inducible Protein IFI16 Correlates With Clinical and Serological Features in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:440-5. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Manzo
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation/University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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340
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Deczkowska A, Baruch K, Schwartz M. Type I/II Interferon Balance in the Regulation of Brain Physiology and Pathology. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:181-192. [PMID: 26877243 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed distinct roles for type I and II interferons (IFN-I and IFN-γ) in the recruitment of immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS) and highlighted the importance of this process for brain maintenance and protection/repair. Furthermore, manipulation of IFN-I and IFN-γ pathways in pathological contexts has yielded conflicting results. We discuss these findings, focusing on two distinct conditions; relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and brain aging. Using these examples, we propose that regulation of immune cell entry to the CNS is a mechanism through which interaction between IFN-I and -II can affect brain function from its anatomical borders. Deviation from homeostatic IFN-I/-II balance may contribute to distinct brain pathologies, resulting from either insufficient immune surveillance of the CNS and loss of immune-dependent protection, or overwhelming leukocyte entry and immune-mediated destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuti Baruch
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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341
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López P, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Caminal-Montero L, Mozo L, Suárez A. A pathogenic IFNα, BLyS and IL-17 axis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20651. [PMID: 26847824 PMCID: PMC4742957 DOI: 10.1038/srep20651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze in depth the role of IFNα in the upregulation of BLyS in different leukocyte populations and the possible relationship of these molecules with IL-17 and other pathogenic cytokines in SLE. Thus, IFNAR1 and membrane BLyS (mBLyS) expression was upregulated on various blood cell types from patients and closely correlated in all individuals. Moreover, BLyS serum levels associated positively with IFNα and IL-17A amounts, as well as with mBLyS on B cells and neutrophils. Interestingly, mBLyS on neutrophils was also correlated with IL-17A levels. Additionally, intracellular IL-17A expression was increased in both CD4+ lymphocytes and neutrophils from patients, and IL-17+CD4+ T cell frequency was associated with serum IFNα and IFNRA1 expression on B cells. Finally, in vitro assays support an IFNα role in the activation of Th17 cells in SLE. In conclusion, these data suggest that IFNα, BLyS and IL-17 could form a pathological axis in SLE, involving T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, DCs and neutrophils, which act in a vicious circle that encourage the preexisting inflammation and propagate the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Luis Caminal-Montero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mozo
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
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342
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Btk inhibition treats TLR7/IFN driven murine lupus. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:65-77. [PMID: 26821304 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is expressed in a variety of immune cells and previous work has demonstrated that blocking Btk is a promising strategy for treating autoimmune diseases. Herein, we utilized a tool Btk inhibitor, M7583, to determine the therapeutic efficacy of Btk inhibition in two mouse lupus models driven by TLR7 activation and type I interferon. In BXSB-Yaa lupus mice, Btk inhibition reduced autoantibodies, nephritis, and mortality. In the pristane-induced DBA/1 lupus model, Btk inhibition suppressed arthritis, but autoantibodies and the IFN gene signature were not significantly affected; suggesting efficacy was mediated through inhibition of Fc receptors. In vitro studies using primary human macrophages revealed that Btk inhibition can block activation by immune complexes and TLR7 which contributes to tissue damage in SLE. Overall, our results provide translational insight into how Btk inhibition may provide benefit to a variety of SLE patients by affecting both BCR and FcR signaling.
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343
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Watanabe T, Yamashita K, Kudo M. IgG4-Related Disease and Innate Immunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 401:115-128. [PMID: 27744509 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An increased number of clinicopathological studies on autoimmune pancreatitis, cholangitis, and sialoadenitis have led to the recognition of immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) as a novel disorder, characterized by elevated levels of serum IgG4 and infiltration of IgG4-expressing plasma cells in the affected organs. Although the immunological background associated with the development of IgG4-RD remains poorly understood, recent studies have suggested involvement of the innate immune response in its pathogenesis. Peripheral blood innate immune cells, such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes isolated from patients with IgG4-RD, promote IgG4 production by B cells. Activation of the innate immune response by microbe- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns stimulates production of type I interferon and B cell-activating factor by innate immune cells and results in IgG4 production by B cells. Elucidation of the innate immune response associated with IgG4-RD may help identify a new therapeutic target for this immune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kouhei Yamashita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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344
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Wu YW, Tang W, Zuo JP. Toll-like receptors: potential targets for lupus treatment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1395-407. [PMID: 26592511 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of tolerance to self-nuclear antigens. Accumulating evidence shows that Toll-like receptors (TLRs), previously proven to be critical for host defense, are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by recognition of self-molecules. Genome-wide association studies, experimental mouse models and clinical sample studies have provided evidence for the involvement of TLRs, including TLR2/4, TLR5, TLR3 and TLR7/8/9, in SLE pathogenesis. A number of downstream proteins in the TLR signaling cascade (such as MyD88, IRAKs and IFN-α) are identified as potential therapeutic targets for SLE treatment. Numerous antagonists targeting TLR signaling, including oligonucleotides, small molecular inhibitors and antibodies, are currently under preclinical studies or clinical trials for SLE treatment. Moreover, the emerging new manipulation of TLR signaling by microRNA (miRNA) regulation shows promise for the future treatment of SLE.
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345
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Chauhan AK, Moore TL, Bi Y, Chen C. FcγRIIIa-Syk Co-signal Modulates CD4+ T-cell Response and Up-regulates Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1368-86. [PMID: 26582197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.684795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients show altered T-cell receptor signaling, which utilizes Fc-receptor γ-chain FcRγ-Syk. A role for FcγRIIIa activation from immune complex (IC) ligation and sublytic terminal complement complex (C5b-9) in CD4(+) T-cell responses is not investigated. In this study, we show that the ICs present in SLE patients by ligating to FcγRIIIa on CD4(+) T-cells phosphorylate Syk and provide a co-stimulatory signal to CD4(+) T-cells in the absence of CD28 signal. This led to the development of pathogenic IL-17A(+) and IFN-γ(high) CD4(+) T-cells in vitro. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, and IL-23 were the only requirement for the development of both populations. SLE patients CD4(+) T-cells that expressed CD25, CD69, and CD98 bound to ICs showed pSyk and produced IFN-γ and IL-17A. This FcγRIIIa-mediated co-signal differentially up-regulated the expression of IFN pathway genes compared with CD28 co-signal. FcγRIIIa-pSyk up-regulated several toll-like receptor genes as well as the HMGB1 and MyD88 gene transcripts. ICs co-localized with these toll-like receptor pathway proteins. These results suggest a role for the FcγRIIIa-pSyk signal in modulating adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chauhan
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Terry L Moore
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Ye Bi
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Chen Chen
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
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346
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Wang Y, Ewart D, Crabtree JN, Yamamoto A, Baechler EC, Fazeli P, Peterson EJ. PTPN22 Variant R620W Is Associated With Reduced Toll-like Receptor 7-Induced Type I Interferon in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2403-14. [PMID: 26018863 DOI: 10.1002/art.39211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) is associated with an increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PTPN22 encodes Lyp, and a disease-associated coding variant bears an R620W substitution (LypW). LypW carriage is associated with impaired production of type I interferon (IFN) by myeloid cells following Toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LypW carriage on TLR signaling in patients with SLE. METHODS Plasma IFNα concentrations and whole-blood IFN gene scores were compared in SLE patients who were LypW carriers and those who were noncarriers. TLR-7 agonist R848-stimulated IFNα and tumor necrosis factor levels, IFN-dependent gene expression, and STAT-1 activation were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and/or plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) obtained from these patients. The effect of LypW expression on the systemic type I IFN response to R848 stimulation in vivo was assessed in transgenic mice. RESULTS Plasma IFNα levels and whole-blood IFN gene signatures were comparable in SLE patients who were LypW carriers and those who were noncarriers. However, PBMCs from LypW carriers produced less IFNα and showed reduced IFN-dependent gene up-regulation and STAT-1 activation after R848 stimulation. The frequency of PDCs producing IFNα2 and the per-cell IFNα2 levels were significantly reduced in LypW carriers. LypW-transgenic mice displayed reduced TLR-7-induced circulating type I IFN responses. CONCLUSION PDCs from SLE patients carrying the disease-associated PTPN22 variant LypW showed a reduced capacity for TLR-7 agonist-induced type I IFN production, even though LypW carriers displayed systemic type I IFN activation comparable with that observed in noncarriers. LypW carriage identifies SLE patients who may harbor defects in TLR- and PDC-dependent host defense or antiinflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wang
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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347
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Gene Expression Profiles from Disease Discordant Twins Suggest Shared Antiviral Pathways and Viral Exposures among Multiple Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142486. [PMID: 26556803 PMCID: PMC4640563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral agents are of interest as possible autoimmune triggers due to prior reported associations and widely studied molecular mechanisms of antiviral immune responses in autoimmunity. Here we examined new viral candidates for the initiation and/or promotion of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAID), as well as possible related signaling pathways shared in the pathogenesis of those disorders. RNA isolated from peripheral blood samples from 33 twins discordant for SAID and 33 matched, unrelated healthy controls was analyzed using a custom viral-human gene microarray. Paired comparisons were made among three study groups—probands with SAID, their unaffected twins, and matched, unrelated healthy controls—using statistical and molecular pathway analyses. Probands and unaffected twins differed significantly in the expression of 537 human genes, and 107 of those were associated with viral infections. These 537 differentially expressed human genes participate in overlapping networks of several canonical, biologic pathways relating to antiviral responses and inflammation. Moreover, certain viral genes were expressed at higher levels in probands compared to either unaffected twins or unrelated, healthy controls. Interestingly, viral gene expression levels in unaffected twins appeared intermediate between those of probands and the matched, unrelated healthy controls. Of the viruses with overexpressed viral genes, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) was the only human viral pathogen identified using four distinct oligonucleotide probes corresponding to three HSV-2 genes associated with different stages of viral infection. Although the effects from immunosuppressive therapy on viral gene expression remain unclear, this exploratory study suggests a new approach to evaluate shared viral agents and antiviral immune responses that may be involved in the development of SAID.
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348
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Wigren M, Nilsson J, Kaplan MJ. Pathogenic immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: common mechanisms and possible targets for intervention. J Intern Med 2015; 278:494-506. [PMID: 25720452 PMCID: PMC4550575 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects young women and is characterized by inflammation in several organs including kidneys, skin, joints, blood and nervous system. Abnormal immune cellular and humoral responses play important roles in the development of the disease process. Impaired clearance of apoptotic material is a key factor contributing to the activation of self-reactive immune cells. The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased up to 50-fold in patients with SLE compared to age- and gender-matched controls, and this can only partly be explained by traditional risk factors for CVD. Currently, there is no effective treatment to prevent CVD complications in SLE. Traditional preventive CVD therapies have not been found to significantly lower the incidence of CVD in SLE; therefore, there is a need for novel treatment strategies and increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CVD complications in SLE. The pathogenic immune responses in SLE and development of atherosclerotic plaques share some characteristics, such as impaired efferocytosis and skewed T-cell activation, suggesting the possibility of identifying novel targets for intervention. As novel immune-based therapies for CVD are being developed, it is possible that some of these may be effective for the prevention of CVD and for immunomodulation in SLE. However, further understanding of the mechanisms leading to an increased prevalence of cardiovascular events in SLE is critical for the development of such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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349
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Abstract
A broad spectrum of inflammatory disorders have the capacity to target the skeleton and to de-regulate the processes of physiological bone remodeling. This review will focus on the systemic inflammatory rheumatologic disorders, which target articular and peri-articular bone tissues. Many of these disorders also affect extra-articular tissues and organs, and in addition, have the capacity to produce systemic bone loss and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Attention will focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpAs), which include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), reactive arthritis (formerly designated as Reiter's syndrome), the arthritis of inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile onset spondyloarthropathy and psoriatic arthritis. The discussion will principally focus on RA, which is a prototypical model of an inflammatory disorder that de-regulates bone remodeling, but also will review the other forms of inflammatory joint disease to highlight the differential effects of inflammation on bone remodeling in these conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Goldring
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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350
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Liao X, Li S, Settlage RE, Sun S, Ren J, Reihl AM, Zhang H, Karyala SV, Reilly CM, Ahmed SA, Luo XM. Cutting Edge: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Late-Stage Lupus Mice Defective in Producing IFN-α. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4578-82. [PMID: 26447229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are professional type I IFN producers believed to promote lupus. However, questions exist about whether they function at the same level throughout the course of lupus disease. We analyzed high-purity pDCs sorted from lupus mice. Although pDCs produced a large amount of IFN-α during disease initiation, those sorted from late-stage lupus mice were found to be defective in producing IFN-α. These pDCs expressed an increased level of MHC, suggesting a functional drift to Ag presentation. We examined the potential mechanism behind the defect and identified a novel transcriptional factor, Foxj2, which repressed the expression of several genes in pDCs, but not IFN-α. Dysregulation in pDCs appears to be predisposed, because they exhibited an altered transcriptional profile before the onset of clinical signs. Our results suggest that pDCs do not function the same throughout the disease course and lose the ability to produce IFN-α in late-stage lupus mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Song Li
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | | | - Sha Sun
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jingjing Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Alec M Reihl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Husen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and
| | | | | | - S Ansar Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
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