351
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Erol SA, Tanacan A, Anuk AT, Tokalioglu EO, Biriken D, Keskin HL, Moraloglu OT, Yazihan N, Sahin D. Evaluation of maternal serum afamin and vitamin E levels in pregnant women with COVID-19 and its association with composite adverse perinatal outcomes. J Med Virol 2020; 93:2350-2358. [PMID: 33314206 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the maternal serum afamin and vitamin E levels in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to investigate their association with composite adverse perinatal outcomes. This prospective, case-control study consisted of 60 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection and 36 age-matched pregnant women without any defined risk factors. Demographic features, laboratory test results, afamin and vitamin E levels were compared between the groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the relationship of afamin and vitamin E levels in predicting composite adverse perinatal outcomes. A correlation analysis was performed between afamin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in pregnant women with COVID-19. The obstetric complication rate was higher in the COVID-19 group (13.3% vs. 2.8%) (p = .01). Afamin levels were higher and vitamin E levels were lower in the COVID-19 group (p = .02 and p < .001, respectively). Vitamin E levels were lower in the COVID-19 group for the all trimesters (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .004, respectively). Afamin levels were higher in the COVID-19 group for the all trimesters without reaching statistical significance (p > .05). The values in the ROC curves with the best balance of sensitivity/specificity for afamin and vitamin E were 0.424 mg/l (70.6% sensitivity, 44.3% specificity) and 3.150 µg/ml (76.5% sensitivity, 58.2% specificity), respectively. A positive moderate statistically significant correlation was found between afamin and CRP levels (r = .264, p = .009). Higher afamin and lower vitamin E levels may support the elevated oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 and the relationship with composite adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit A Erol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atakan Tanacan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali T Anuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda O Tokalioglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Biriken
- Department of Microbiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin L Keskin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Turkish Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem T Moraloglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Turkish Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazihan
- Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Food, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Turkish Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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352
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Hsu MY, Mina E, Roetto A, Porporato PE. Iron: An Essential Element of Cancer Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122591. [PMID: 33287315 PMCID: PMC7761773 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo considerable metabolic changes to foster uncontrolled proliferation in a hostile environment characterized by nutrient deprivation, poor vascularization and immune infiltration. While metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, the role of micronutrients in shaping these adaptations remains scarcely investigated. In particular, the broad electron-transferring abilities of iron make it a versatile cofactor that is involved in a myriad of biochemical reactions vital to cellular homeostasis, including cell respiration and DNA replication. In cancer patients, systemic iron metabolism is commonly altered. Moreover, cancer cells deploy diverse mechanisms to increase iron bioavailability to fuel tumor growth. Although iron itself can readily participate in redox reactions enabling vital processes, its reactivity also gives rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, cancer cells further rely on antioxidant mechanisms to withstand such stress. The present review provides an overview of the common alterations of iron metabolism occurring in cancer and the mechanisms through which iron promotes tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Y. Hsu
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.Y.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Erica Mina
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.Y.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Antonella Roetto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Paolo E. Porporato
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.Y.H.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.E.P.)
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353
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Abstract
Iron is essential for a variety of physiological processes. Hepatic iron overload acts as a trigger for the progression of hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, we aimed to study the effects of iron overload on cellular responses in hepatocytes. Rat primary hepatocytes (RPH), mouse primary hepatocytes (MPH), HepG2 human hepatoma cells and Hepa1-6 mouse hepatoma cells were treated with FeCl3. Treatment with FeCl3 effectively increased iron accumulation in primary hepatocytes. Expression levels of molecules involved in cellular signaling such as AMPK pathway, TGF-β family pathway, and MAP kinase pathway were decreased by FeCl3 treatment in RPH. Cell viability in response to FeCl3 treatment was decreased in RPH but not in HepG2 and Hepa1-6 cells. Treatment with FeCl3 also decreased expression level of LC-3B, a marker of autophagy in RPH but not in liver-derived cell lines. Ultrastructural observations revealed that cell death resembling ferroptosis and necrosis was induced upon FeCl3 treatment in RPH. The expression level of genes involved in iron transport varied among different liver-derived cells- iron is thought to be efficiently incorporated as free Fe2+ in primary hepatocytes, whereas transferrin-iron is the main route for iron uptake in HepG2 cells. The present study reveals specific cellular responses in different liver-derived cells as a consequence of iron overload.
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354
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Snyder-Keller A, Bolivar VJ, Zink S, Kramer LD. Brain Iron Accumulation and the Formation of Calcifications After Developmental Zika Virus Infection. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:767-776. [PMID: 32483612 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial calcifications (ICC) are the most common neuropathological finding in the brains of children exposed in utero to the Zika virus (ZIKV). Using a mouse model of developmental ZIKV infection, we reported widespread calcifications in the brains of susceptible mice that correlated in multiple ways with the behavioral deficits observed. Here, we examined the time course of ICC development and the role of iron deposition in this process, in 3 genetically distinct inbred strains of mice. Brain iron deposits were evident by Perls' staining at 2 weeks post infection, becoming increasingly dense and coinciding with calcium buildup and the formation of ICCs. A regional analysis of the brains of susceptible mice (C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ strains) revealed the presence of iron initially in regions containing many ZIKV-immunoreactive cells, but then spreading to regions containing few infected cells, most notably the thalamus and the fasciculus retroflexus. Microglial activation was widespread initially and later delineated the sites of ICC formation. Behavioral tests conducted at 5-6 weeks of age revealed greater deficits in mice with the most extensive iron deposition and calcification of subcortical regions, such as thalamus. These findings point to iron deposition as a key factor in the development of ICCs after developmental ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Snyder-Keller
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York
| | - Valerie J Bolivar
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York
| | - Steven Zink
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York
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355
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Ding Q, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Liang M. Association between hemoglobin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2020; 67:1139-1146. [PMID: 32684526 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data were collected for 296 patients with young-onset T2DM admitted to the first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from May 2017 to January 2020. Subjects were divided into NAFLD (n = 186) and non-NAFLD groups (n = 110). Patients with NAFLD had significantly higher Hb levels (p = 0.001). According to logistic regression analysis, Hb levels were significantly correlated with NAFLD after adjusting for confounding factors [odds ratio (OR) = 1.024, 95% confidence interval = 1.003-1.046, p = 0.028]. Subjects were also grouped according to Hb quartiles. After adjusting for sex and body mass index (BMI), the OR (95%CI) for NAFLD significantly increased with increasing Hb levels (p for trend = 0.009). Patients were also divided into lean (BMI <25 kg/m2, n = 139) and overweight/obese groups (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, n = 157), with adjusted ORs (95%CI) for the highest quartiles of 1.797 (0.559-5.776) and 6.009 (1.328-27.181), respectively. Further quartile classification of Hb according to sex showed adjusted OR (95%CI) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of 2.796 (1.148-6.814) for males and 2.945 (0.482-17.997) for females. In conclusion, high Hb levels were associated with the presence of NAFLD in patients with young-onset T2DM, especially in males and overweight/obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinpei Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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356
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Ferroptosis Mechanisms Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228765. [PMID: 33233496 PMCID: PMC7699575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death that was described less than a decade ago. It is caused by the excess of free intracellular iron that leads to lipid (hydro) peroxidation. Iron is essential as a redox metal in several physiological functions. The brain is one of the organs known to be affected by iron homeostatic balance disruption. Since the 1960s, increased concentration of iron in the central nervous system has been associated with oxidative stress, oxidation of proteins and lipids, and cell death. Here, we review the main mechanisms involved in the process of ferroptosis such as lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase 4 enzyme activity, and iron metabolism. Moreover, the association of ferroptosis with the pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, has also been addressed.
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357
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Yoon N, Kim S, Sung HK, Dang TQ, Jeon JS, Sweeney G. Use of 2-dimensional cell monolayers and 3-dimensional microvascular networks on microfluidic devices shows that iron increases transendothelial adiponectin flux via inducing ROS production. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129796. [PMID: 33212230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron excess is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and it is important to understand the effect of iron on vascular permeability, particularly for the transport of large metabolic hormones such as adiponectin. METHODS We used 2-dimensional monolayers of cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as well as 3-dimensional microvascular networks to measure transendothelial flux. RESULTS Iron supplementation reduced transendothelial electric resistance (TEER). Flux analysis indicated that under control conditions permeability of 70 kDa dextran and oligomeric forms of adiponectin were restricted in comparison with a 3 kDa dextran, however upon iron treatment permeability of the larger molecules was increased. The increased permeability and size-dependent trans-endothelial movement in response to iron was also observed in 3-dimensional microvascular networks. Mechanistically, the alteration in barrier functionality was associated with increased oxidative stress in response to iron since alterations in TEER and permeability were rescued when reactive oxygen species production was attenuated by pre-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine.]. CONCLUSIONS Iron supplementation induced ROS production resulting in increased transendothelial permeability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, this suggests that the oxidative stress associated with iron excess could play an important role in the regulation of endothelial functionality, controlling hormone action in peripheral tissues by regulating the first rate-limiting step controlling hormone access to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyoung Yoon
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Thanh Q Dang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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358
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Linhares BS, Ribeiro SP, de Freitas RMP, Puga LCHP, Sartori SSR, Freitas MB. Aspects regarding renal morphophysiology of fruit-eating and vampire bats. ZOOLOGY 2020; 144:125861. [PMID: 33232886 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bats have adapted to many different feeding habits, which are known to induce morphophysiological adaptations in several tissues, especially those particularly involved with absorption, metabolism and excretion. The common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) has a very unique diet (blood), which, among other challenges, seems to pose a risk to their kidneys, due to the increased nitrogen excretion imposed by their remarkably high protein meal. Fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus) consume a high carbohydrate diet and may be taken as a suitable species for this dietary comparative study. Here we aimed at investigating the renal morphology and stereology, kidneys antioxidant capacity, and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations in adult fruit-eating and vampire bats. Sixteen animals were captured and used in this study, being 8 adult males from each species. Our results showed higher morphological standards of glomerular area, volumetric density of glomeruli, and renal somatic index for vampire bats, as well as higher reactive species of oxygen (ROS) production, such as nitric oxide (NO), higher plasma iron reduction ability (FRAP), higher activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and a higher malondialdehyde production (MDA) in vampires' kidneys, compared to the fruit-eating species. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were higher in fruit-eating bats. Plasma ADH concentrations were not different between species. Taken together, the renal morphophysiology conditions presented by vampire bats might be associated with a high demand for nitrogenous products excretion imposed by protein and iron overload. These features may play an important role on preventing protein-overload nephropathy, allowing vampires to survive under such a unique diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Silva Linhares
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36571-000, Brazil.
| | - Susana Puga Ribeiro
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36571-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Mariella Bontempo Freitas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36571-000, Brazil.
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359
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Fillebeen C, Lam NH, Chow S, Botta A, Sweeney G, Pantopoulos K. Regulatory Connections between Iron and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207773. [PMID: 33096618 PMCID: PMC7589414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for energy metabolism, and states of iron deficiency or excess are detrimental for organisms and cells. Therefore, iron and carbohydrate metabolism are tightly regulated. Serum iron and glucose levels are subjected to hormonal regulation by hepcidin and insulin, respectively. Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide hormone that inactivates the iron exporter ferroportin in target cells, thereby limiting iron efflux to the bloodstream. Insulin is a protein hormone secreted from pancreatic β-cells that stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism via insulin receptor signaling. There is increasing evidence that systemic, but also cellular iron and glucose metabolic pathways are interconnected. This review article presents relevant data derived primarily from mouse models and biochemical studies. In addition, it discusses iron and glucose metabolism in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Y 1P3, Canada;
| | - Nhat Hung Lam
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Samantha Chow
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Y 1P3, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-340-8260 (ext. 25293)
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360
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Abramenko N, Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Tatar A, Brogyányi T, Pajková M, Sýkora D, Veselá K, Antonyová V, Dytrych P, Ikeda-Saito M, Martásek P, Jakubek M. Spectroscopic study of in situ-formed metallocomplexes of proton pump inhibitors in water. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:305-314. [PMID: 32854159 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole, are an important group of clinically used drugs. Generally, they are considered safe without direct toxicity. Nevertheless, their long-term use can be associated with a higher risk of some serious pathological states (e.g. amnesia and oncological and neurodegenerative states). It is well known that dysregulation of the metabolism of transition metals (especially iron ions) plays a significant role in these pathological states and that the above drugs can form complexes with metal ions. However, to the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon has not yet been described in water systems. Therefore, we studied the interaction between these drugs and transition metal ions in the surrounding water environment (water/DMSO, 99:1, v/v) by absorption spectroscopy. In the presence of Fe(III), a strong redshift was observed, and more importantly, the affinities of the drugs (represented as binding constants) were strong enough, especially in the case of omeprazole, so that the formation of a metallocomplex cannot be excluded during the explanation of their side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Abramenko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ameneh Tatar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Brogyányi
- Institute of pathological physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Pajková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Veselá
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Antonyová
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dytrych
- 1st Department of Surgery - Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Masao Ikeda-Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Japan
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,General University Hospital Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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361
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Grubić Kezele T, Ćurko-Cofek B. Age-Related Changes and Sex-Related Differences in Brain Iron Metabolism. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2601. [PMID: 32867052 PMCID: PMC7551829 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element that participates in numerous cellular processes. Any disruption of iron homeostasis leads to either iron deficiency or iron overload, which can be detrimental for humans' health, especially in elderly. Each of these changes contributes to the faster development of many neurological disorders or stimulates progression of already present diseases. Age-related cellular and molecular alterations in iron metabolism can also lead to iron dyshomeostasis and deposition. Iron deposits can contribute to the development of inflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, and degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to the progressive decline in cognitive processes, contributing to pathophysiology of stroke and dysfunctions of body metabolism. Besides, since iron plays an important role in both neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, dietary iron homeostasis should be considered with caution. Recently, there has been increased interest in sex-related differences in iron metabolism and iron homeostasis. These differences have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review we will discuss the latest discoveries in iron metabolism, age-related changes, along with the sex differences in iron content in serum and brain, within the healthy aging population and in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Clinical Department for Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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362
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Salama SA, Kabel AM. Taxifolin ameliorates iron overload-induced hepatocellular injury: Modulating PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK signaling, inflammatory response, and hepatocellular regeneration. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109230. [PMID: 32828744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although physiological levels of iron are essential for numerous biological processes, excess iron causes critical tissue injury. Under iron overload conditions, non-chelated iron generates reactive oxygen species that mediate iron-induced tissue injury with subsequent induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammatory responses. Because liver is a central player in iron metabolism and storage, it is vulnerable to iron-induced tissue injury. Taxifolin is naturally occurring compound that has shown potent antioxidant and potential iron chelation competency. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential protective effects of taxifolin against iron-induced hepatocellular injury and to elucidate the underlining mechanisms using rats as a mammalian model. The results of the current work indicated that taxifolin inhibited iron-induced apoptosis and enhanced hepatocellular survival as demonstrated by decreased activity of caspase-3 and activation of the pro-survival signaling PI3K/AKT, respectively. Western blotting analysis revealed that taxifolin enhanced liver regeneration as indicated by increased PCNA protein abundance. Taxifolin mitigated the iron-induced histopathological aberration and reduced serum activity of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), highlighting enhanced liver cell integrity. Mechanistically, taxifolin modulated the redox-sensitive MAPK signaling (p38/c-Fos) and improved redox status of the liver tissues as indicated by decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation along with enhanced total antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, it decreased liver iron content and down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Collectively, these data highlight, for the first time, the ameliorating effects of taxifolin against iron overload-induced hepatocellular injury that is potentially mediated through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential iron chelation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology and GTMR Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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363
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Xie Y, Jiang J, Tang Q, Zou H, Zhao X, Liu H, Ma D, Cai C, Zhou Y, Chen X, Pu J, Liu P. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Autophagy Intervention Agents Suppress Hepatoma Growth by Enhancing Tumoricidal Autophagy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903323. [PMID: 32832347 PMCID: PMC7435245 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The combined treatment with nanoparticles and autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), is extensively explored for cancer therapy. However, the toxicity of autophagy inhibitors and their unselective for tumoricidal autophagy have seriously hindered the application of the combined treatment. In this study, a carboxy-functional iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe2O3@DMSA) is designed and identified to significantly exert an antitumor effect without adding CQ or HCQ. Further investigation indicates that the effective inhibition effect of Fe2O3@DMSA alone on hepatoma growth is triggered by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes to enhance tumoricidal autophagy, which is induced by intracellular iron-retention-induced sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, in two hepatoma-bearing mouse models, Fe2O3@DMSA alone effectively suppresses the growth of tumors without obvious toxic side effects. These studies offer a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jiana Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Qianyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Hanbing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Ding Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Chenlei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
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364
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Niessen N, Soppa J. Regulated Iron Siderophore Production of the Halophilic Archaeon Haloferax volcanii. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071072. [PMID: 32709147 PMCID: PMC7407949 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is part of many redox and other enzymes and, thus, it is essential for all living beings. Many oxic environments have extremely low concentrations of free iron. Therefore, many prokaryotic species evolved siderophores, i.e., small organic molecules that complex Fe3+ with very high affinity. Siderophores of bacteria are intensely studied, in contrast to those of archaea. The haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii contains a gene cluster that putatively encodes siderophore biosynthesis genes, including four iron uptake chelate (iuc) genes. Underscoring this hypothesis, Northern blot analyses revealed that a hexacistronic transcript is generated that is highly induced under iron starvation. A quadruple iuc deletion mutant was generated, which had a growth defect solely at very low concentrations of Fe3+, not Fe2+. Two experimental approaches showed that the wild type produced and exported an Fe3+-specific siderophore under low iron concentrations, in contrast to the iuc deletion mutant. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that haloarchaea obtained the gene cluster by lateral transfer from bacteria and enabled the prediction of enzymatic functions of all six gene products. Notably, a biosynthetic pathway is proposed that starts with aspartic acid, uses several group donors and citrate, and leads to the hydroxamate siderophore Schizokinen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Niessen
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University, Biocentre, Max-von-Laue-str. 9, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Campus Callaghan, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jörg Soppa
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University, Biocentre, Max-von-Laue-str. 9, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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365
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Iron overload and its impact on outcome of patients with hematological diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100868. [PMID: 32620237 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic iron overload (SIO) is a common challenge in patients with hematological diseases and develops as a result of ineffective erythropoiesis, multiple red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and disease-specific therapies. Iron homeostasis is tightly regulated as there is no physiological pathway to excrete iron from the body. Excess iron is, therefore, stored in tissues like liver, heart and bone marrow and can lead to progressive organ damage. The presence of free iron in the form of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) is especially detrimental. Reactive oxygen species can also cause stromal damage in the bone marrow and promote leukemic cell growth in vitro. In acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes outcome is worse in patients with SIO compared to patients without. Especially in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT presence of NTBI before or during transplant has been shown to negatively affect non-relapse mortality and overall survival. Although the mechanisms, of how these effects are mediated by SIO are not very well understood monitoring of iron status by serum markers and imaging techniques is, therefore, mandatory especially in these patients. Whether peri-interventional iron chelation may improve outcome of these patients is part of current clinical research.
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366
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Bauduer F, Recanzone H. Transfusional iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A 10-year retrospective survey from a French general hospital. Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 27:128-132. [PMID: 32561328 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We retrospectively assessed the characteristics of 165 MDS patients from our institution having received at least 20 RBC units. In the vast majority of them various comorbidities (range: 1-6 per patient) were registered including mainly cardiovascular disorders. Serum ferritin was over 1000μg/L in about half of tested individuals. A chelator agent was initiated in 43.6% of patients (mainly low-risk MDS). Transformation in AML occurred in 46 cases (27.8%). Overall, 112 patients died during follow up. The cause of death was documented in 65 cases and included mainly MDS or AML resistance to therapy. There was a context of bacterial or fungal-related sepsis in 35.3% of cases. We noticed a correlation between survival and number of RBC transfusions. Median OS from the 20th RBC unit was significantly prolonged among the chelated subgroup. Consequences of transfusional iron overload and chelation need to be clarified in MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bauduer
- Service d'hématologie, centre hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France; Unité d'hémovigilance, centre hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France; Collège des sciences de la santé, université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - H Recanzone
- Unité d'hémovigilance, centre hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
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367
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Basics and principles of cellular and systemic iron homeostasis. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100866. [PMID: 32564977 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a constituent of many metalloproteins involved in vital metabolic functions. While adequate iron supply is critical for health, accumulation of excess iron promotes oxidative stress and causes tissue injury and disease. Therefore, iron homeostasis needs to be tightly controlled. Mammals have developed elegant homeostatic mechanisms at the cellular and systemic level, which serve to satisfy metabolic needs for iron and to minimize the risks posed by iron's toxicity. Cellular iron metabolism is post-transcriptionally controlled by iron regulatory proteins, IRP1 and IRP2, while systemic iron balance is regulated by the iron hormone hepcidin. This review summarizes basic principles of mammalian iron homeostasis at the cellular and systemic level. Particular attention is given on pathways for hepcidin regulation and on crosstalk between cellular and systemic homeostatic mechanisms.
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368
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Kontoghiorghes GJ, Kontoghiorghe CN. Iron and Chelation in Biochemistry and Medicine: New Approaches to Controlling Iron Metabolism and Treating Related Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E1456. [PMID: 32545424 PMCID: PMC7349684 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for all living organisms. Many iron-containing proteins and metabolic pathways play a key role in almost all cellular and physiological functions. The diversity of the activity and function of iron and its associated pathologies is based on bond formation with adjacent ligands and the overall structure of the iron complex in proteins or with other biomolecules. The control of the metabolic pathways of iron absorption, utilization, recycling and excretion by iron-containing proteins ensures normal biologic and physiological activity. Abnormalities in iron-containing proteins, iron metabolic pathways and also other associated processes can lead to an array of diseases. These include iron deficiency, which affects more than a quarter of the world's population; hemoglobinopathies, which are the most common of the genetic disorders and idiopathic hemochromatosis. Iron is the most common catalyst of free radical production and oxidative stress which are implicated in tissue damage in most pathologic conditions, cancer initiation and progression, neurodegeneration and many other diseases. The interaction of iron and iron-containing proteins with dietary and xenobiotic molecules, including drugs, may affect iron metabolic and disease processes. Deferiprone, deferoxamine, deferasirox and other chelating drugs can offer therapeutic solutions for most diseases associated with iron metabolism including iron overload and deficiency, neurodegeneration and cancer, the detoxification of xenobiotic metals and most diseases associated with free radical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, CY-3021 Limassol, Cyprus;
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369
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Bayır H, Anthonymuthu TS, Tyurina YY, Patel SJ, Amoscato AA, Lamade AM, Yang Q, Vladimirov GK, Philpott CC, Kagan VE. Achieving Life through Death: Redox Biology of Lipid Peroxidation in Ferroptosis. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:387-408. [PMID: 32275865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox balance is essential for normal brain, hence dis-coordinated oxidative reactions leading to neuronal death, including programs of regulated death, are commonly viewed as an inevitable pathogenic penalty for acute neuro-injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Ferroptosis is one of these programs triggered by dyshomeostasis of three metabolic pillars: iron, thiols, and polyunsaturated phospholipids. This review focuses on: (1) lipid peroxidation (LPO) as the major instrument of cell demise, (2) iron as its catalytic mechanism, and (3) thiols as regulators of pro-ferroptotic signals, hydroperoxy lipids. Given the central role of LPO, we discuss the engagement of selective and specific enzymatic pathways versus random free radical chemical reactions in the context of the phospholipid substrates, their biosynthesis, intracellular location, and related oxygenating machinery as participants in ferroptotic cascades. These concepts are discussed in the light of emerging neuro-therapeutic approaches controlling intracellular production of pro-ferroptotic phospholipid signals and their non-cell-autonomous spreading, leading to ferroptosis-associated necroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Bayır
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarju J Patel
- Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrew M Lamade
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Georgy K Vladimirov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Caroline C Philpott
- Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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370
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Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:363-383. [PMID: 32231263 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2080] [Impact Index Per Article: 520.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
'Reactive oxygen species' (ROS) is an umbrella term for an array of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur as a normal attribute of aerobic life. Elevated formation of the different ROS leads to molecular damage, denoted as 'oxidative distress'. Here we focus on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as 'oxidative eustress'. Two species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide anion radical (O2·-), are key redox signalling agents generated under the control of growth factors and cytokines by more than 40 enzymes, prominently including NADPH oxidases and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. At the low physiological levels in the nanomolar range, H2O2 is the major agent signalling through specific protein targets, which engage in metabolic regulation and stress responses to support cellular adaptation to a changing environment and stress. In addition, several other reactive species are involved in redox signalling, for instance nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxidized lipids. Recent methodological advances permit the assessment of molecular interactions of specific ROS molecules with specific targets in redox signalling pathways. Accordingly, major advances have occurred in understanding the role of these oxidants in physiology and disease, including the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, skeletal muscle and metabolic regulation as well as ageing and cancer. In the past, unspecific elimination of ROS by use of low molecular mass antioxidant compounds was not successful in counteracting disease initiation and progression in clinical trials. However, controlling specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways by selective targeting offers a perspective for a future of more refined redox medicine. This includes enzymatic defence systems such as those controlled by the stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and nuclear factor-κB, the role of trace elements such as selenium, the use of redox drugs and the modulation of environmental factors collectively known as the exposome (for example, nutrition, lifestyle and irradiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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371
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Han C, Liu Y, Dai R, Ismail N, Su W, Li B. Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Human Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:239. [PMID: 32256352 PMCID: PMC7090218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel regulated cell death pattern discovered when studying the mechanism of erastin-killing RAS mutant tumor cells in 2012. It is an iron-dependent programmed cell death pathway mainly caused by an increased redox imbalance but with distinct biological and morphology characteristics when compared to other known cell death patterns. Ferroptosis is associated with various diseases including acute kidney injury, cancer, and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and hepatic diseases. Moreover, activation or inhibition of ferroptosis using a variety of ferroptosis initiators and inhibitors can modulate disease progression in animal models. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of ferroptosis, its initiators and inhibitors, and the potential role of its main metabolic pathways in the treatment and prevention of various diseased states. We end the review with the current knowledge gaps in this area to provide direction for future research on ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Neuroimmunology, Stress and Endocrinology (NISE) Lab, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Weijun Su
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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372
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Machinery for fungal heme acquisition. Curr Genet 2020; 66:703-711. [PMID: 32185489 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for nearly all aerobic organisms. One source of iron in nature is in the form of heme. Due to its critical physiological importance as a cofactor for several enzymes, organisms have evolved various means to secure heme for their needs. In the case of heme prototrophs, these organisms possess a highly conserved eight-step biosynthetic pathway. Another means used by many organisms is to acquire heme from external sources. As opposed to the knowledge of enzymes responsible for heme biosynthesis, the nature of the players and mechanisms involved in the acquisition of exogenous heme is limited. This review focuses on a description of newly discovered proteins that have novel functions in heme assimilation in the model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This tractable model allows the use of the power of genetics to selectively block heme biosynthesis, setting conditions to investigate the mechanisms by which external heme is taken up by the cells. Studies have revealed that S. pombe possesses two independent heme uptake systems that require Shu1 and Str3, respectively. Heme-bound iron is captured by Shu1 at the cell surface, triggering its internalization to the vacuole with the aid of ubiquitinated proteins and the ESCRT machinery. In the case of the plasma membrane transporter Str3, it promotes cellular heme import in cells lacking Shu1. The discovery of these two pathways may contribute to gain novel insights into the mechanisms whereby fungi assimilate heme, which is an essentially biological process for their ability to invade and colonize new niches.
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373
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Brault A, Labbé S. Iron deficiency leads to repression of a non-canonical methionine salvage pathway in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:46-65. [PMID: 32090388 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The methionine salvage pathway (MSP) regenerates methionine from 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA). Aerobic MSP consists of six enzymatic steps. The mug14+ and adi1+ genes that are involved in the third and fifth steps of the pathway are repressed when Schizosaccharomyces pombe undergoes a transition from high- to low-iron conditions. Results consistently show that methionine auxotrophic cells (met6Δ) require iron for growth in the presence of MTA as the sole source of methionine. Inactivation of the iron-using protein Adi1 leads to defects in the utilization of MTA. In the case of the third step of the pathway, co-expression of two distinct proteins, Mta3 and Mde1, is required. These proteins are interdependent to rescue MTA-dependent growth deficit of met6Δ cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that Mta3 is a binding partner of Mde1. Meiotic met6Δ cells co-expressing mta3+ and mde1+ or mta3+ and mug14+ produce comparable levels of spores in the presence of MTA, revealing that Mde1 and Mug14 share a common function when co-expressed with Mta3 in sporulating cells. In sum, our findings unveil several novel features of MSP, especially with respect to its regulation by iron and the discovery of a non-canonical third enzymatic step in the fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Brault
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Labbé
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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374
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Ye Z, Liu W, Zhuo Q, Hu Q, Liu M, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Fan G, Xu W, Ji S, Yu X, Qin Y, Xu X. Ferroptosis: Final destination for cancer? Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12761. [PMID: 32100402 PMCID: PMC7106955 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently defined, non‐apoptotic, regulated cell death (RCD) process that comprises abnormal metabolism of cellular lipid oxides catalysed by iron ions or iron‐containing enzymes. In this process, a variety of inducers destroy the cell redox balance and produce a large number of lipid peroxidation products, eventually triggering cell death. However, in terms of morphology, biochemistry and genetics, ferroptosis is quite different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy‐dependent cell death and other RCD processes. A growing number of studies suggest that the relationship between ferroptosis and cancer is extremely complicated and that ferroptosis promises to be a novel approach for the cancer treatment. This article primarily focuses on the mechanism of ferroptosis and discusses the potential application of ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqing Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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375
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Implications of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Thymus Involution. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7986071. [PMID: 32089780 PMCID: PMC7025075 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7986071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human thymus is a primary lymphoepithelial organ which supports the production of self-tolerant T cells with competent and regulatory functions. Paradoxically, despite the crucial role that it exerts in T cell-mediated immunity and prevention of systemic autoimmunity, the thymus is the first organ of the body that exhibits age-associated degeneration/regression, termed “thymic involution.” A hallmark of this early phenomenon is a progressive decline of thymic mass as well as a decreased output of naïve T cells, thus resulting in impaired immune response. Importantly, thymic involution has been recently linked with cellular senescence which is a stress response induced by various stimuli. Accumulation of senescent cells in tissues has been implicated in aging and a plethora of age-related diseases. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress, a well-established trigger of senescence, is also involved in thymic involution, thus highlighting a possible interplay between oxidative stress, senescence, and thymic involution.
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376
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Hemolysis Derived Products Toxicity and Endothelium: Model of the Second Hit. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110660. [PMID: 31766155 PMCID: PMC6891750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are multifactorial, often requiring multiple challenges, or ‘hits’, for their initiation. Intra-vascular hemolysis illustrates well the multiple-hit theory where a first event lyses red blood cells, releasing hemolysis-derived products, in particular cell-free heme which is highly toxic for the endothelium. Physiologically, hemolysis derived-products are rapidly neutralized by numerous defense systems, including haptoglobin and hemopexin which scavenge hemoglobin and heme, respectively. Likewise, cellular defense mechanisms are involved, including heme-oxygenase 1 upregulation which metabolizes heme. However, in cases of intra-vascular hemolysis, those systems are overwhelmed. Heme exerts toxic effects by acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern and promoting, together with hemoglobin, nitric oxide scavenging and ROS production. In addition, it activates the complement and the coagulation systems. Together, these processes lead to endothelial cell injury which triggers pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Moreover, among endothelial cells, glomerular ones display a particular susceptibility explained by a weaker capacity to counteract hemolysis injury. In this review, we illustrate the ‘multiple-hit’ theory through the example of intra-vascular hemolysis, with a particular focus on cell-free heme, and we advance hypotheses explaining the glomerular susceptibility observed in hemolytic diseases. Finally, we describe therapeutic options for reducing endothelial injury in hemolytic diseases.
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